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Histones are alkaline (basic pH) proteins. They are found inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Their purpose is to package DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.They are the main proteins in chromatin (a combination of DNA and protein), which makes up the contents of a cell nucleus.2A, H2B, H3, and H4 are the core histones, and H1 and H5 are the linker histones. The core histones form the center of the nucleosome, hence the term 'core'. The linker histones are found at the entrance and exit sites of the nucleosome and lock the DNA in place, hence the term 'linker'.
Thus, within the nucleus, histones provide the energy (mainly in the form of electrostatic interactions) to fold DNA. As a result, chromatin can be packaged into a much smaller volume than DNA alone. Histones are a family of small, positively charged proteins termed H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 (Van Holde, 1988). DNA is negatively charged, due to the phosphate groups in its phosphate-sugar backbone, so histones bind with DNA very tightly.