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I'm not sure what the mechanism is, but the nurse is only partially right. An increase in pCO2 causes vasoconstriction in the pulmonary vasculature and vasodilation EVERYWHERE else. CO2 causes constriction in the pulmonary vasculature because an increase in pC02 sends the message there is damage/shunting here, sending blood here will not effectively oxygenate it so blood is preferentially sent to a different part of the lung where it will receive better oxygenation.
Carbon dioxide helps blood move throughout your body. So when your body doesn't have enough Co2, blood flows slower. In order to get blood flowing faster, your heart needs to beat faster and do more work, and irregular heart beat is the result. Hyperventilation also causes many other symptoms in those with anxiety.