Broken ribs can be extremely painful. Often, the pain from a rib fracture is worse when taking a deep breath. Severe broken ribs require evaluation and treatment at a hospital; usually these cause so much pain that a person naturally seeks medical attention. The key to recovery from broken ribs is pain control.
Brain tumors are classified according to histology, but tumor location and extent of spread are important factors that affect treatment and prognosis. Ependymomas arise from ependymal cells that line the ventricles and passageways in the brain and the center of the spinal cord. Ependymal cells produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These tumors are classified as supratentorial or infratentorial. In children, most ependymomas are infratentorial tumors that arise in or around the fourth ventricle. According to the 2016 revision to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system, ependymal tumors are classified into the following five main subtypes:
Ependymomas can form in any of the ventricles in the brain or spinal cord, but most ependymomas arise in the fourth ventricle and affect the cerebellum and the brain stem. Ependymomas account for 5 to 10 percent of pediatric brain tumors and occur equally in boys and girls.