Founder Effect. The Founder Effect is defined as a type of bottleneck, a type of genetic drift describing the loss of the allelic variation that accompanies founding of a new population from a very small number of individuals (a small sample of a much larger source population).
For example, two well drilling companies -- one in Pennsylvania and one that covers New Hampshire, Vermont and central Massachusetts -- state the cost for drilling a well and outfitting it with pump equipment averages between $5,000 and $7,000, at the time of publication.
The average cost to replace a well pump is between $848 and $2,245, with most homeowners spending about $1,534. Shallow pumps will cost around $1,000 to install, while deep-well projects will cost roughly $2,000. Submerged installations may require extra wiring and piping, running you an additional $100 to $200+ on top of your overall replacement cost.