1 Reading 5.2. Reading 5.2 â Population Bottlenecks and Founder Effects. Genetic Drift; When one trait becomes more common in a population due to random. chance (not because it is advantageous or non-advantageous) Population Bottleneck: is event in which a large number of a species is killed causing the. remaining population to reproduce.
Overall, wind farms cost in the area of $1,000 per kW of capacity, so a wind farm consisting of seven 1.8-MW turbines runs about $12.6 million.
Wind turbines account for 64% to 84% of total installed costs onshore, with grid connection costs, construction costs, and other costs making up the balance. OËshore wind farms are more expensive and cost USD 4 000 to USD 4 500/kW, with the wind turbines accounting for 44% to 50% of the total cost.perations and maintenance costs (O&M) can account for between 11% and 30% of an onshore wind projects levelised cost of electricity (LCOE). O&M costs for onshore wind farms in major wind markets averages between USD 0.01/kWh and USD 0.025/kWh.