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Deadband is also known as hysteresis and is the amount of a measured variable (pressure, temperature, etc.) between the point where a switch closes and then re-opens. It can be implemented is software if you have an analog input (i.e., open at 1.02 PSI, close at 0.98 PSI) or designed into a switching mechanism. Often the deadband of a switch is fixed and cannot be adjusted. A typical example is in a wall thermostat in your house.
Other factors affect the short distance performance of ultrasonic sensors. The deadband is the distance from the sensor face to the closest distance at which the sensor can determine a target distance. Deadband varies for each model and is typically between 44 and 305 mm (1.75 to 12 inches).