Anatomy of fern fronds. The anatomy of a fern frond is relatively simple. They have a stalk which connects the base of the frond to the rest of the tree and runs along the entire length of the frond to the tip. The stalk can be separated into two parts: the stipe, which is the section of the stalk before any leafy part of the frond, and the rachis, the section with leafy tissue.
When entering a range of cell references as an argument for a function or when creating a chart, in addition to typing in the range manually, the range can also be selected using pointing. Ranges are identified by the cell references or addresses of the cells in the upper left and lower right corners of the range. These two references are separated by a colon ( : ) which tells Excel to include all the cells between these start and end points.
Text to the Left, Numbers to the Right. A quick way to tell if you have either text or number data is to check the alignment of the data in a cell. By default, text data is aligned to the left in Excel and Google Spreadsheets and number data is aligned to the right in a cell. Cell references are a combination of the column letter and row number of a cell-such as A1, B23, and W987 - and are used to identify the location of data in a worksheet. 2  A named range or defined name is similar to a cell reference in that it is used to identify a cell or range of cells in a worksheet.