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Neuroglia, also called glial cell or glia, any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons. The term neuroglia means ânerve glue.â In 1907 Italian biologist Emilio Lugaro suggested that neuroglial cells exchange substances with the extracellular fluid and in this way exert control on the neuronal environment.
Neuroglia is the collective term for glial cells, specialized cells that protect and regulate the functioning of neural cells in the brain. In addition to promoting electrical communication between nerve synapses, some of these cells physically protect neural cells by surrounding them to form an insulating barrier.rain size also determines the number of cerebral neuroglia. Therefore, different species of animals contain varying concentrations of glial cells. The brain of a fruit fly, for example, is composed of 24 percent glia, compared to 90 percent in a human and 97 percent in an elephant.