Symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia are related to decreased oxygen delivery to the entire body and may include: 1  Being pale or having yellow sallow skin. 2  Unexplained fatigue or lack of energy. 3  Shortness of breath or chest pain, especially with activity. 4  Unexplained generalized weakness. 5  Rapid heartbeat.
Average heterozygosity refers to the average percentage of loci that are heterozygous in a population. Average heterozygosity is measured by looking at changes in karyotypes. The human genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs.
Similarly, the greater a population's average heterozygosity then generally the greater the genetic variability within that population. Note that here average has number of loci found in the denominator, that is, it is the fraction of individuals that are heterozygous at a given locus averaged over all loci.