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Fugitive Slave Acts - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The Fugitive Slave Acts were statutes, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1793 and 1850, that provided for the capture and return of escaped slaves to their owners. These laws applied even if an escaped slave was captured in a free state or territory.
The Annals of Congress state that the law was approved on February 12, 1793. The Act was strengthened at the insistence of the slave states of the South by the Compromise of 1850, which required even the governments and residents of free states to enforce the capture and return of fugitive slaves.The enforcement of the Act outraged Northern public opinion.he Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 was an Act of the United States Congress to give effect to the Fugitive Slave Clause of the U.S. Constitution (Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3 Note: Superseded by the Thirteenth Amendment) guaranteed the right of a slaveholder to recover an escaped slave.