Upregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the rat cochlea following noise. Pharmacologic manipulation of the labyrinth with novel and traditional agents delivered to the inner ear.
Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel slavery that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries after it gained independence and before the end of the American Civil War.he United States was polarized over the issue of slavery, represented by the slave and free states divided by the MasonâDixon line, which separated free Pennsylvania from slave Maryland and Delaware.
People in Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia, and even Washington, D.C., owned slaves; these states never seceded and were under the control of the United States throughout the course of the entire War. However, they were not required to free their slaves by the U.S. government. The U.S. Congress in 1862 even refused to pass a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, when the only Senators and Representatives in Congress were from the North (all Southerners had left Congress to form their own nation).