Once released, BNP binds to and activates the atrial natriuretic factor receptor NPRA, and to a lesser extent NPRB, in a fashion similar to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) but with 10-fold lower affinity.
The GTP layer for the control plane (GTP-C) tunnels signaling messages between GSNs in the GPRS backbone network.The GTP-C enables several procedures to be performed through the GPRS backbone network, including path management, tunnel management, location management, and mobility management.he GTP layer for the control plane (GTP-C) tunnels signaling messages between GSNs in the GPRS backbone network.
The Internet Control Message Protocol is part of the Internet Protocol Suite, as defined in RFC 792. ICMP messages are typically used for diagnostic or control purposes or generated in response to errors in IP operations (as specified in RFC 1122).t is used by network devices, like routers, to send error messages indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached. ICMP can also be used to relay query messages. It is assigned protocol number 1.