1 Reading 5.2. Reading 5.2 â Population Bottlenecks and Founder Effects. Genetic Drift; When one trait becomes more common in a population due to random. chance (not because it is advantageous or non-advantageous) Population Bottleneck: is event in which a large number of a species is killed causing the. remaining population to reproduce.
Overall, wind farms cost in the area of $1,000 per kW of capacity, so a wind farm consisting of seven 1.8-MW turbines runs about $12.6 million.
All estimates for wind power include the cost of purchasing capital and paying for operations and maintenance (O&M) of wind turbines. For the studies we examined, capital costs ranged from $48 to $88 per megawatt-hour, while O&M costs ranged from $9.8 to $21 per megawatt-hour.Many estimates, however, donât include costs related to the inherent unreliability of wind power and government subsidies and mandates.or the studies we examined, capital costs ranged from $48 to $88 per megawatt-hour, while O&M costs ranged from $9.8 to $21 per megawatt-hour. Many estimates, however, donât include costs related to the inherent unreliability of wind power and government subsidies and mandates.