Singers in Russian Military Choir Among 92 Feared Dead After Plane Crashes Into Black Sea. Russian Military Plane Crashes into Sea. Shortly after takeoff on Sunday morning, a Russian military plane carrying 92 people crashed into the Black Sea near Sochi.
Keywords: chloride in concrete, near-infrared spectrometry, rapid determination. 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Background. Penetration of chloride ions into concrete is a well-known problem, because it eventually results in. corrosion of rebars, leading to cracks, spalling, delamination and other roadway defects [1]. The problem is. particularly acute in bridge decks, which are subject to frequent salt applications during the winter months.
Sulphate Attack and Chloride Ion Penetration: Their Role in Concrete Durability March 99. Once these ions reach the steel they depassivate the area. surrounding the steel and in the presence of air/water, the steel commences to corrode. The products of. corrosion are greater in volume (up to 600%) than the.