食虫植物
大部分的食虫植物生長在陽光照射充足的溼地。目前發現並確定具有食蟲性的植物已有600種以上。
扁形动物门
絛蟲有扁瘦但非常長的身體。其學名 “cestode”的字根源於拉丁語的，意思就是「帶子」。這3400個絛蟲的物種的成蟲都是內部寄生蟲。牠們沒有口部和腸臟， and the syncitial skin absorbs nutrients – mainly carbohydrates and amino acids – from the host, and also disguises it chemically to avoid attacks by the host's immune system. Shortage of carbohydrates in the host's diet stunts the growth of the parasites and kills some. Their metabolisms generally use simple but inefficient chemical processes, and they compensate by consuming large amounts of food relative to their size.