Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia
Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia ilikuwa vita iliyodumu kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi 1945 kati ya Ujerumani, Italia, Japani na mataifa yaliyoshikamana nazo (Romania, Hungaria na Bulgaria) dhidi ya nchi nyingi za dunia (ziliitwa mataifa ya ushirikiano) kati yake hasa Uingereza, Uchina, Urusi na Marekani.
Tuzo ya Nobel
1939 – Ernest Orlando Lawrence (Fizikia), Leopold Ruzicka na Adolf Butenandt (Kemia), Gerhard Domagk (Tiba), Frans Eemil Sillanpää (Fasihi), (hakuna tuzo kwa Amani); 
(1940-42 Tuzo ya Nobel haikutolewa kwa sababu ya Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.) 
1943 – Otto Stern (Fizikia), Georg von Hevesy (Kemia), Henrik Dam na Edward Doisy (Tiba), (hakuna tuzo kwa Fasihi wala Amani); 
1944 – Isidor Rabi (Fizikia), Otto Hahn (Kemia), Joseph Erlanger na Herbert Spencer Gasser (Tiba), Johannes Jensen (Fasihi), Kamati ya Kimataifa ya Msalaba Mwekundu (Amani); 
1945 – Wolfgang Pauli (Fizikia), Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (Kemia), Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain na Howard Walter Florey (Tiba), Gabriela Mistral (Fasihi), Cordell Hull (Amani); 
1946 – Percy Bridgman (Fizikia), James Sumner, John Howard Northrop na Wendell Stanley (Kemia), Hermann Muller (Tiba), Hermann Hesse (Fasihi), Emily Balch na John Raleigh Mott (Amani); 
1947 – Edward Appleton (Fizikia), Robert Robinson (Kemia), Carl na Gerty Cori na Bernardo Houssay (Tiba), Andre Gide (Fasihi), Jumuiya ya Marafiki (‘’Society of Friends’’) (Amani); 
1948 – Patrick Blackett (Fizikia), Arne Tiselius (Kemia), Paul Hermann Müller (Tiba), T.S. Eliot (Fasihi), (hakuna tuzo kwa Amani); 
1949 – Hideki Yukawa (Fizikia), William Giauque (Kemia), Walter Hess na Antonio Egas Moniz (Tiba), William Faulkner (Fasihi), John Boyd-Orr (Amani); 
1950 – Cecil Frank Powell (Fizikia), Kurt Alder na Otto Diels (Kemia), Philip Hench, Edward Kendall na Tadeus Reichstein (Tiba), Bertrand Russell (Fasihi), Ralph Bunche (Amani); 
1951 – John Douglas Cockcroft na Ernest Walton (Fizikia), Edwin McMillan na Glenn Seaborg (Kemia), Max Theiler (Tiba), Par Lagerkvist (Fasihi), Leon Jouhaux (Amani); 
1952 – Felix Bloch na Edward Purcell (Fizikia), A.J.P. Martin na R.L.M. Synge (Kemia), Selman Waksman (Tiba), Francois Mauriac (Fasihi), Albert Schweitzer (Amani);