ベーシックインカム
包括的な現金給付の場合は配給制度であり、国民全員に無償で現金を給付するイメージから社会主義的と批判されることがあるが、ベーシックインカムは自由主義・資本主義経済で行うことを前提にしている場合が多い。
中国式社会主義
The concept of private ownership is rooted in classical Marxism. Because China adopted socialism when it was a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country, it is in the primary stage of socialism. Because of this, certain policies and system characteristicssuch as commodity production for the market, the existence of a private sector and the reliance of the profit motive in enterprise managementwere changed. These changes were allowed as long as they improve productivity and modernize the means of production, and thus further develop socialism. According to this perspective, Mao's regime's leftist belief that China could advance to full socialism immediately by bypassing capitalism is considered false.