Nuruddin Zanki
Al-Malik Al-Adil Nuruddin Abul Qasim Mahmud bin 'Imaduddin Zengi (Februari 1118 – 15 Mei 1174), juga diketahui dengan nama Nur ad-Din, Nur al-Din, dan lain-lain (dalam bahasa Arab: نور الدين "Nūruddīn") adalah anggota dari dinasti Zengi yang menguasai Suriah dari tahun 1146 sampai tahun 1174. Ia bercita-cita untuk menyatukan pasukan Muslim dari Efrat sampai Mesir. Ia juga memimpin pasukannya melawan berbagai macam pasukan lain termasuk tentara salib.
Surat Jaminan Muhammad
Muhammad is supposed to have died in 632; the Muslims conquered Egypt between 639 and 641. The document says of the Christians, “No one shall bear arms against them.” So were the conquerors transgressing against Muhammad’s command[?]...Did Muhammad draw up this document because he foresaw the Muslim invasion of Egypt? There is no mention of this document in any remotely contemporary Islamic sources; among other anomalies, it bears a drawing of a mosque with a minaret, although minarets weren’t put on mosques until long after the time Muhammad is supposed to have lived, which is why Muslim hardliners consider them unacceptable innovation (bid’a)...The Achtiname, in short, bears all the earmarks of being an early medieval Christian forgery, perhaps developed by the monks themselves in order to protect the monastery and Egyptian Christians from the depredations of zealous Muslims.