Roy Spencer
En 1978, Spencer obtuvo un B.S. en ciencias atmosféricas de la Universidad de Míchigan, y su M.S. y luego el Ph.D. en Meteorología por la Universidad de Wisconsin-Madison en 1980 y 1982. Spencer diseñó un algoritmo para detectar ciclones tropicales y estimar su velocidad máxima sostenida del viento utilizando el "Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit" (Sonar mejorado de microondas) (AMSU) en la Universidad de Alabama en Huntsville. Dicho AMSU es un radiómetro de microondas que puede ser usado para detectar temperaturas a diferentes niveles de la atmósfera. Sobre la base de los gradientes de las mediciones de temperatura en un área determinada, es posible calcular la velocidad máxima sostenida del viento radial.
Observación de ciclón tropical
The idea of aircraft reconnaissance of tropical cyclones first was put forth by Captain W. L. Farnsworth of the Galveston Commercial Association in the early 1930s. Supported by the United States Weather Bureau, it passed both the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives in 1936. Since 1944, aircraft have been flying out to sea to find tropical cyclones. Before regular satellite coverage, this was a hit-or-miss affair. Thereafter, aircraft flights into tropical systems became more targeted and precise. Nowadays, a C-130 is used as a hurricane hunter by the Air Force, while the P-3 Orion is used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for research projects used to better understand tropical cyclones and improve hurricane forecasts. The implementation of synoptic observation missions by a Gulfstream jet, where dropwinsondes are used to investigate a tropical cyclone's environment, has led to a 15-20 percent reduction in track forecast errors where such missions were present.En Canadá, se usa el Convair 580 por la para el seguimiento de huracanes.