Master of Philosophy
The Master of Philosophy is offered by many universities in Australia, and it is often the only option to undertake a master's degree in select schools. In Australia, the Master of Philosophy is a research degree which mirrors a Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) in breadth of research and structure. The candidates are assessed solely on the basis of a thesis. A standard full-time degree often takes two years to complete. The Australian National University, University of Sydney, Curtin University, Griffith University and Melbourne University are also examples of Australian universities offering Masters of Philosophy.
Doctor of Philosophy
Before 1984 three research doctorates existed in France: the State doctorate ("doctorat d'État", the old doctorate introduced in 1808), the third cycle doctorate ("doctorat de troisième cycle", created in 1954 and shorter than the State doctorate) and the diploma of doctor-engineer ("diplôme de docteur-ingénieur "created in 1923), for technical research. After 1984, only one type of doctoral degree remained, called "doctorate" ("Doctorat"). The latter is equivalent to the Ph.D.