Republic of Formosa
The Republic of Formosa (), was a short-lived republic that existed on the island of Taiwan in 1895 between the formal cession of Taiwan by the Qing Dynasty of China to the Empire of Japan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki and it being taken over by Japanese troops. The Republic was proclaimed on 23 May 1895 and extinguished on 21 October, when the Republican capital Tainan was taken over by the Japanese. Though sometimes claimed as the first Asian republic to have been proclaimed, it was predated by the Lanfang Republic in Borneo, established in 1777, as well as by the Republic of Ezo in Japan, established in 1869.
Formosan League for Reemancipation
The league submitted a petition to the United Nations on 1 September 1948, asking the intergovernmental organization to take control of Taiwan's sovereignty and administration, thereby removing the Kuomintang from power. In 1949, Liao, as the league's leader, called for the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to occupy Formosa and the Pescadores. After the Kuomintang left Taiwan, the FLR planned to pursue one of four options for Taiwan: full independence, a UN trusteeship, US trusteeship, or a return to Japanese rule. To suppress dissent, the Kuomintang government in Taiwan jailed members of FLR and the World United Formosans for Independence. Thomas Liao moved from Hong Kong to Manila, and later Japan, in 1950, where he eventually established the Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government.