European jackal
The European jackal is the largest of the golden jackals, with animals of both sexes measuring 120–125 cm (47–49 in) in total length and 10–13 kg (20–29 lb) in body weight. One adult male in North-Eastern Italy is recorded to have reached 14.9 kg (33 lb). The fur is coarse, and is generally brightly coloured with blackish tones on the back. The thighs, upper legs, ears and forehead are bright reddish chestnut. Jackals in Northern Dalmatia have broader than average skulls, which is thought to result from human induced isolation from other populations, thus resulting in a new morphotype.
Crowned eagle
All diurnal African monkeys weigh in excess of in adulthood. Cercopithecine monkeys are on the small side. Full-grown female "Cercopithecus" can range in average weight from and males from depending on species. All mangabeys and most colobus monkeys weigh considerably in excess of at maturity. Any monkey of a weight of up to may reportedly be hunted. As a comparison, the heaviest primate known to be successfully killed by harpy eagles was a Bolivian red howler ("Alouatta sara"). The crowned eagle's diet may extend to the young or even (rarely) adult females of baboons and similar species, such as adult female yellow baboons, olive baboons ("Papio anubis"), chacma baboons ("P. ursinus"), drills ("Mandrillus leucophaeus") and mandrills ("M. sphinx"), all falling into the above maximum primate weight bracket and all have been successfully hunted. In some cases baboons and drills may be actively avoided, as the adult males of these species, at up to twice as heavy as the female, are probably invulnerable to hunting and tend to be notoriously violent-tempered. In one case, olive baboons destroyed the nest of a crowned eagle pair after one of the eagles killed a baby in the baboon group. When experimentally exposed to an image of a crowned eagle, a dominant male mandrill reacted aggressively towards it, implying that they will keep eagles at bay to protect the more vulnerable members of their troop. The crowned eagle is considered a potential predator of infant chimpanzees ("Pan troglodytes") and bonobos ("P. paniscus"), although this is unconfirmed. Although rarely observed, some monkeys will "bait" crowned eagles, that is harass and provoke them. Leslie Brown described Sykes' monkeys ("Cercopithecus albogularis") as rarely baiting eagles "with the insolent impunity of an expert tolero with a bull". Struhsaker and Leakey found that adult male monkeys were often better represented in the diet than adult females. This may be a result of the behavior of male primates. In some species, only adult males often travel separately from social groups, only adult males take aggressive action against eagles, and only adult males have loud calls that may attract the attention of eagles. The variation in behavior of primates is illustrated so that in red colobus species, in which adult males patrol in mixed groups, the males are rarely attacked; meanwhile in the black-and-white colobus, in which adult males often patrol alone, male are regularly attacked and killed by crowned eagles. However, adult monkeys (52%) were found in almost equal measure as juvenile monkeys (at 48%) in Uganda. African primates weighing under , are almost entirely arboreal and nocturnal. However, such primates, actually allies of lemurs rather than monkeys, may occasionally also be hunted by crowned eagles. Potto ("Perodicticus potto") are notable secondary prey in the Tai Forest and various galagos have been found across the range, such as in the Kiwengwa/Pongwe Forest Reserve where they made up 7.5% of the remains. Although no one has seen the eagles catch these primates, it is thought pottos and galagos are likely to be taken if discovered by an eagle while sleeping in dense foliage during the day.
Outside of the rainforest, the crowned eagle's diet tends to be somewhat more diverse. While they may take monkeys on a relatively small scale, other families, largely the antelopes and the hyraxes, are the leading prey. In some wooded hillside nests in Kenya, about half of the remains were from small antelope. The predominant prey species there is the Suni ("Neotragus moschatus"). In the Matumbi Hills of Tanzania, antelope make up about 30% of the dietary intake at nests, much of this being the Suni again. Adults antelope of a similarly small size to the Suni, around or slightly less, are readily hunted, such as Kirk's dik-dik ("Madoqua kirkii") and the blue duiker ("Philantomba monticola"). Larger antelopes, often weighing around as adults, may be attacked (mainly calves but also an occasional adult), including klipspringer ("Oreotragus oreotragus"), steenbok ("Raphicerus campestris"), Sharpe's grysbok ("R. sharpei") and about a half dozen smallish duikers (especially the red forest duiker ("Cephalophus natalensis")). Amongst even bigger antelope species that may be hunted, such as bushbuck, Thomson's gazelle ("Eudorcas thomsonii"), grey rhebok ("Pelea capreolus") and impala ("Aepyceros melampus"), calves are usually taken but sometimes small adult females may be hunted. The biggest duikers to have been killed weighed an estimated . The heaviest accurately weighed bushbuck to be killed by a crowned eagle scaled , but other ones killed by eagles that have been larger include one around and another estimated at , or about eight times the eagle's own weight. Furthermore, the remains of another adult-sized bushbuck estimated to weigh were found as the prey of crowned eagles in South Africa. National Geographic recorded video depicting a crowned eagle stalking a water chevrotain ("Hyemoschus aquaticus") (the only African representative of a small-bodied, deer-like family) along a rainforest river but show the chevrotain evading the eagle by submerging and swimming away from it. The taking of ungulates on a large scale, unlike primates, is not unique to the crowned eagle. The martial eagle was reported in Tsavo East National Park to hunt mainly dik-diks and elsewhere has exceptionally killed large duiker weighing up to . Even more impressive feats of ungulate-hunting have been credited to the wedge-tailed eagle ("Aquila audax") and especially the golden eagle, despite these being considered less powerful than the crowned eagle. Both "Aquila" take mainly neonatal lambs and deer fawns but can attack adult sheep and other large prey (i.e. full-grown kangaroos, emus, pronghorns, reindeer, etc.). The largest prey attacked by any living raptor is probably the up to calves killed by golden eagles. All four currently recognized species of hyrax have been hunted by crowned eagles. The greatest level of predation for this family has been directed at Southern tree hyrax ("Dendrohyrax arboreus"), but when they become locally abundant, rock hyrax ("Procavia capensis") can become the species' preferred prey.