Hans Winkler
Hans Karl Albert Winkler (23 April 1877 – 22 November 1945) was a German botanist. He was Professor of Botany at the University of Hamburg, and a director of that university's Institute of Botany. Winkler coined the term 'heteroploidy' in 1916. He is remembered for coining the term 'genome' in 1920, by making a portmanteau of the words gene and chromosome. He wrote: 
This may be translated as: "I propose the expression "Genom" for the haploid chromosome set, which, together with the pertinent protoplasm, specifies the material foundations of the species ..."
Jérôme Lejeune
In a 1963 presentation before the French Academy of Sciences, Lejeune showed that monosomy—the absence of a specific segment of the genome—could also result in a clinically recognizable disease. Several years later, a group of American scientists came to Paris to conduct an independent investigation of
Lejeune’s discovery, and in 1962 the President of the United States personally presented him with the Kennedy
Prize. In 1964, the first chair of human genetics was created at the Paris School of Medicine, and
Lejeune was named to fill it. The appointment was highly unusual: Only a groundbreaking discovery allowed a
candidate to be named a professor of medicine without successfully completing a competitive residency
examination.