Parotid gland
Mumps is seen to be a common cause of parotid gland swelling - 85% of cases occur in children younger than 15 years. The disease is highly contagious and spreads by airborne droplets from salivary, nasal, and urinary secretions. Symptoms include oedema in the area, trismus as well as otalgia. The lesion tends to begin on one side of the face and eventually becomes bilateral. The transmission of the paramyxovirus is by contact with the infected persons saliva. Initial symptoms tend to be a headache and fever. Mumps is not fatal, however further complications can include swelling of the ovaries or the testes. Diagnosis of mumps is confirmed through viral serology, management of the condition includes hydration and good oral hygiene of the patient requiring excellent motivation. However, since the development of the mumps vaccine, given at the age of between 4–6 years, the incidence of this viral infection has greatly reduced. This vaccine has reduced the incidence by 99%.
Cucumber mosaic virus
CMV is mainly transmitted by aphids. It can also be spread mechanically by humans. However CMV is less stable than viruses like TMV and therefore is not as easily spread by humans. The virus, as spread by aphids, has an acquisition period of five to ten seconds and an inoculation period of about a minute. However after two minutes the probability of inoculation largely decreases and within two hours is no longer able to be spread by that particular vector. This virus is non persistent and is stylet borne. CMV is carried by 60–80 different species of aphids and can also be transmitted by seed.