William S. Heckscher
In 1932–1933, Heckscher lived in New York where he worked as Panofsky's assistant. During this time, he enrolled in the Graduate Department of Art History at the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University to study American art history. Heckscher returned to Germany to continue his studies in 1934. He and his mother were detained by the Gestapo and interrogated for ten days after being accused of having pacifist connections.
Julius Eckman
Eckman came to San Francisco in 1854. There he was Spiritual Leader of Congregation Emanu-El for a year. His term was characterized by an uncompromising stand on ritual matters. It was this stringent outlook that resulted in his contract not being extended beyond one year. Eckman founded a religious school at Congregation Emanu-El. Even after he left the school functioned and was known as the Hephtsi-Bah School. He also ran a day school at Congregation Emanu-El, known as the Harmonica School.