Plea bargain
In China, a plea bargaining pilot scheme has been introduced by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2016. For defendants that faces jail terms of three years or below, agrees to plea guilty voluntarily and agree with prosecutors' crime and sentencing proposals, will be given mitigated punishments.
United States Arbitration Association
Clarification related to whether federal or state law takes precedence in a given arbitration matter is addressed in the USADR Rules of Procedure, for the benefit of the parties. 
"Arbitration is a creature of contract. Contractual provisions may be extremely vague or very specific about governing law (federal or state), rules of procedure, arbitrator appointment process, and identifying which court of jurisdiction for enforcement. It is critical to have a structure for judicial enforcement; therefore USADR utilizes the following guidelines when parties submit their dispute for arbitration.
a) Contract Silent on Governing Law: The arbitration will be conducted under Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) unless parties agree otherwise. Federal District Court has jurisdiction for arbitration conducted under FAA. The FAA is silent on the issue of punitive damages.
b) Contract Names State Law: The arbitration will be conducted under the state law specified, unless parties agree otherwise. The state district court has jurisdiction for arbitration conducted under its arbitration act. Punitive damages vary according to state.
c) Contract is Silent on Rules of Procedure: The arbitration will be conducted utilizing USADR’s Rules of Procedure. Where USADR's rules conflict with governing law, the governing law will prevail.
d) Stated Rules of Procedure: USADR may administer an arbitration action utilizing stated rules in the arbitration clause with the agreement of the parties. The parties shall indicate their agreement on the appropriate submission agreement according to the claim amount. USADR shall appoint the arbitrator for small claims or mid-size claims or follow the arbitrator selection process identified in Rule A-9; the appointed arbitrator shall then utilize the specified rules for all subsequent matters. Where the rules of procedure conflict with governing law, the governing law will prevail."