Anxiety
The philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, in "The Concept of Anxiety" (1844), described anxiety or dread associated with the "dizziness of freedom" and suggested the possibility for positive resolution of anxiety through the self-conscious exercise of responsibility and choosing. In "Art and Artist" (1932), the psychologist Otto Rank wrote that the psychological trauma of birth was the pre-eminent human symbol of existential anxiety and encompasses the creative person's simultaneous fear of – and desire for – separation, individuation, and differentiation.
Henry Garrett (psychologist)
Garrett wrote a 1961 article in the journal "Perspectives in Biology and Medicine" entitled "The Equalitarian Dogma" in which he argued that cumulative evidence supported the view that there was a biologically innate intellectual inferiority of Blacks to Whites. A critique of the article was concerned that the article, and its appearance in the journal, would be a political weapon in the hands of white supremacists. At the September 1961 meeting of the American Psychological Association, the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues passed a resolution taking exception to this paper, declaring that the evidence supported the view that intellectual differences between Whites and Blacks were not biologically innate, and that there was evidence for Black-White equality in intelligence under comparable conditions. Garrett disputed this resolution in an article in "The American Psychologist" the following year.