Isabel Martínez de Perón
María Estela Martínez Cartas de Perón (born 4 February 1931), better known as Isabel Martínez de Perón () or Isabel Perón, served as the 42nd President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976. She was the third wife of President Juan Perón. During her husband's third term as president from 1973 to 1974, Isabel served as both vice president and First Lady. Following her husband's death in office in 1974, Isabel served as president of Argentina from 1 July 1974 to 24 March 1976, when the military took over the government and placed her under house arrest for five years, before exiling her to Spain in 1981. She holds the distinction of having been the first woman to have had the title of "President", as opposed to a queen or prime minister.
María del Carmen Martínez Sancho
Martínez was born on July 8, 1901 in Toledo. She was the second of six children in the family of José Martínez and Emilia Sancho. Her father was an engineer and public worker, which resulted in the family living in several Spanish cities before they settled in Madrid. Her father was keen for his children to receive their education at the "Institución Libre de Enseñanza". He believed that boys and girls should have the same education, and supported her to complete high school classes at the University of Alcalá's Cardenal Cisneros Associated School. Here she became interested in mathematics and literature, and her parents encouraged her toward mathematics. Martínez herself was unhappy with the school: all students scored highly and there were no clear criteria for success. She finished her high school studies on July 1, 1918.