Excalibur (film)
When first released in the United Kingdom in 1981, the film ran to 140m 30s, and was classified as a "AA" by the BBFC, restricting it to those aged 14 and over. In 1982, the BBFC replaced the "AA" certificate with the higher age-specific "15", which was also applied to "Excalibur" when released on home video.
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
"Caligari" is considered the quintessential work of German Expressionist cinema, and by far the most famous example of it. It is considered a classic film, often shown in introductory film courses, film societies and museums, and is one of the most famous German films from the silent era. Film scholar Lewis Jacobs called it "most widely discussed film of the time". "Caligari" helped draw worldwide attention to the artistic merit of German cinema, while also bringing legitimacy to the cinema among literary intellectuals within Germany itself. Lotte Eisner has said it was in Expressionism, as epitomized in "Caligari", that "the German cinema found its true nature." The term "caligarism" was coined as a result, referring to a style of similar films that focus on such themes as bizarre madness and obsession, particularly through the use of visual distortion. Expressionism was late in coming to cinema, and by the time "Caligari" was released, many German critics felt the art form had become commercialized and trivialized; such well-known writers as Kasimir Edschmid, René Schickele, and Yvan Goll had already pronounced the Expressionist movement dead by the time "Caligari" arrived in theatres. Few other purely Expressionistic films were produced, and "Caligari" was the only one readily accessible for several decades. Among the few films to fully embrace the Expressionist style were "Genuine" (1920) and "Raskolnikow" (1923), both directed by Wiene, as well as "From Morn to Midnight" (1920), "Torgus" (1921), "Das Haus zum Mond" (1921), "Haus ohne Tür und ohne Fenster" (1921) and "Waxworks".