Indonesia
A massive supervolcano erupted at present-day Lake Toba around 70,000 BCE. It is believed to have caused a global volcanic winter and cooling of the climate, and subsequently led to a genetic bottleneck in human evolution, though this is still debated. The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora and the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa were among the largest in recorded history. The former resulted in 92,000 deaths and created an umbrella of volcanic ash which spread and blanketed parts of the archipelago, and made much of Northern Hemisphere without summer in 1816. The latter produced the loudest sound in recorded history, and resulted in 36,000 deaths that are attributed to the eruption itself and the tsunamis it created. Significant additional effects were also felt around the world years after the eruption. Recent major disasters due to seismic activity include the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake.
1833 Kunming earthquake
The 1833 Kunming earthquake was an 8.0 M earthquake that struck the provincial capital Kunming in Yunnan, China on September 6, 1833. The earthquake had its epicenter along the Xiaojiang Fault near the town of Songming, approximately northeast of Kunming's city centre. The earthquake destroyed many buildings, homes, and temples in Kunming and the nearby countryside. More than 6,000 people died as a result of the earthquake and another 80,000 were displaced. The Qing government at the time provided relief to the region and used the event to strengthen its administration in the province. The 1833 Kunming earthquake was the largest magnitude earthquake in Yunnan's recorded history.