Anushilan Samiti
By 1902, Calcutta had three secret societies working toward the violent overthrow of British rule in India. One was founded by Calcutta student Satish Chandra Basu with the patronage of Calcutta barrister Pramatha Mitra, another was led by Bengali woman Sarala Devi and the third was founded by Aurobindo Ghosh. Ghosh was one of the strongest proponents of militant Indian nationalism at the time. By 1905 the work of Aurobindo and his brother, Barin, enabled Anushilan Samity to spread throughout Bengal. Nationalist writings and publications by Aurobindo and Barin, including "Bande Mataram" and "Jugantar", had a widespread influence on Bengal youth. The 1905 partition of Bengal stimulated radical nationalist sentiments in Bengal's Bhadralok community, helping Anushilan acquire a support base of educated, politically-conscious and disaffected members of local youth societies. Its program emphasized physical training, training its recruits with daggers and "lathis" (bamboo staffs used as weapons). The Dhaka branch of Anushilan was led by Pulin Behari Das, and branches spread throughout East Bengal and Assam. More than 500 branches were opened in eastern Bengal and Assam, linked by "close and detailed organization" to Pulin's headquarters at Dhaka. It absorbed smaller groups in the province, soon overshadowing its parent organisation in Calcutta. Branches of Dhaka Anushilan emerged in Jessore, Khulna, Faridpur, Rajnagar, Rajendrapur, Mohanpur, Barvali and Bakarganj. Estimates of Dhaka Anushilan Samiti's reach indicate a membership of 15,000 to 20,000. Within two years, Dhaka Anushilan devolved its aims from the Swadeshi to that of political terrorism.
Acharya Ramamurti
Ramamurti was born on 22 January 1913 in a small village in Jaunpur district by name, Ardhpur, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in a financially healthy family of farmers. After securing a master's degree (MA) in History from Lucknow University, he started his career, in 1954, as a lecturer at Government Queens College, Varanasi but resigned from the job on 10 May 1954 to pursue an active career in social service and joined "Shrambharati", a social service community founded by Dhirendra Mazumdar, a gandhian and Sarvodaya leader. When the Bhoodan movement was launched by Vinoba Bhave in 1951, Ramamurti became associated with it, travelling from village to village, propagating the ideals and collecting land. After the death of Mazumdar, he became the Director of the organization and is credited with transforming it into one of the largest peace movement organizations in the country.
Main aspects of Reviewed Policy by Ram Murti Recview committee 1990.
In the early Seventies, he started working closely with Jayaprakash Narayan and was involved with the Bihar Andolan. After the success of Total Revolution, he turned his attention to education and organized the "Earn and Learn" movement in Khadigram and thirty neighboring villages. In 1989, when V. P. Singh became the Prime Minister of India, his involvement with national level politics increased and he was appointed as the chairman of the Review Committee to appraise the implementation of the National Education Policy of 1980, on 7 May 1990. The committee, known as the "Ramamurti Review Committee", submitted the report on 9 January 1991 and recommended several changes which included the introduction of a common school system, promotion of women education, "Early childhood care and education" (ECCE), and Socially Useful Productive Work (SUPW), among others. He received the Jamnalal Bajaj Award in 1998 and the Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 1999.
Acharya Ram murti was the chairman of the Revised national Policy committee.
Ramamurti was one of the founders of "Mahila Shanti Sena" (Women's Peace Corps), the women's wing of Shanti Sena, which was established in February 2002, at Vaishali, Bihar, at a conference jointly organized by Shrambharati and McMaster University. Besides writing several articles on Gandhian social and educational ideals, he also delivered several lectures, in India and abroad; the one at McMaster University, Canada, titled "Total Culture of Peace", is one among them. The lecture was the 2003 edition of the series, "Mahatma Gandhi Lecture on Nonviolence". Towards the fag end of his life, he was involved with the functioning of Mahila Shanti Sena but also held positions such as that of the director of the Institute for Gandhian Studies, Patna, and as the President of the "Servseva Sangh". He died on 20 May 2010, in Patna, Bihar, at the age of 97.