List of lingua francas
Turkish is still in use and widely spoken in several areas formerly part of the Ottoman Empire and may be understood by older people in other parts of the Middle East.
Haxhi Qamili
The motto of the rebels was "Duam, duam Babën-- Turqinë!" (We want, we want our father -- Turkey) and they raised the flag of the Ottoman Empire and restored Ottoman Turkish as the national language.