Cold-weather warfare
Trench foot is a medical condition caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp, unsanitary, and cold conditions at temperatures as warm as for as few as 13 hours. Exposure to these environmental conditions causes deterioration and destruction of the capillaries and leads to morbidity of the surrounding flesh. Affected feet may become numb, affected by erythema (turning red) or cyanosis (turning blue) as a result of poor blood supply, and may begin emanating a decaying odour if the early stages of necrosis (tissue death) set in. As the condition worsens, feet may also begin to swell. Advanced trench foot often involves blisters and open sores, which lead to fungal infections. If left untreated, trench foot usually results in gangrene, which may require amputation. If trench foot is treated properly, complete recovery is normal, though it is marked by severe short-term pain when feeling returns. Trench foot affected tens of thousands of soldiers engaged in trench warfare in World War I. Keeping feet warm and dry, or at least changing into warm and dry replacement footgear, is the best way to avoid trench foot.
Enthesopathy
Experts state that the main stay of treatment is basically with passive stretching augmented with analgesics during acute attacks.
Soft cushioned foot wear for plantar fasciitis, work modification are other modalities of preventing the disease progression.
Rarely calcified attachment can be removed either minimally invasive or through arthroscopy.
Earlier injection of steroid as mixed with local anaesthetic at the tender spot was a widely used treatment modality.
Recent advancement include injection of platelet rich plasma or stem cells to reduce inflammation and to promote healing.