Chalcedon
Chalcedon ( or ;
, sometimes transliterated as "Chalkedon") was an ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor. It was located almost directly opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari (modern Üsküdar) and it is now a district of the city of Istanbul named Kadıköy. The name "Chalcedon" is a variant of Calchedon, found on all the coins of the town as well as in manuscripts of Herodotus's "Histories", Xenophon's "Hellenica", Arrian's "Anabasis", and other works. Except for a tower, almost no above-ground vestiges of the ancient city survive in Kadıköy today; artifacts uncovered at Altıyol and other excavation sites are on display at the Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
Chalcis (Aetolia)
Chalcis or Chalkis (), also called Chalceia (Χάλκεια) and Hypochalcis (Ὑποχαλκίς), was a town of ancient Aetolia, situated upon the coast, at a short distance east of the mouth of the Evenus, and at the foot of a mountain of the same name, whence it was called Hypochalcis. Chalcis is one of the five Aetolian towns spoken of by Homer, who gives it the epithet of ἀγχίαλος ("anchialos", "near the coast"), in the Catalogue of Ships in the "Iliad". It continued to be mentioned in the historical period, by Thucydides, Polybius, and Strabo.