Xiongnu
The Xiongnu () were a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Chinese sources report that Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 BC, founded the Xiongnu Empire.
Xianyun
The Xianyun () was an ancient nomadic tribe that invaded China during the Zhou Dynasty. This Chinese exonym is written with "xian" 獫 or 玁 "long-snouted dog", and this "dog" radical 犭 is commonly used in graphic pejorative characters. Scholars identify the Xianyun with the Quanrong and Xiongnu.