Figure skating jumps
Jumps are referred to by how many times the skater turns in the air. One revolution (one and a half for the Axel) is a "single" jump. Two revolutions (two and a half for the Axel) is a "double" jump. Three revolutions (three and a half for the Axel) is a "triple" jump. Four revolutions (four and a half for the Axel, although this has never been done in competition) is a "quadruple" or "quad" jump. The first triple jump landed in competition was a loop jump. It was landed by Dick Button in 1952. The first quadruple jump landed in competition was a toe loop jump. It was landed by Kurt Browning in 1988. Currently, men in world-class competition usually attempt a full set of triples and sometimes one or two quadruple jumps in their free skating programs. Triple Axels are rare for ladies, and quadruple jump attempts even more so.
Matt Chojnacki
In 1999, at Steamboat Springs, Colorado, Chojnacki became the first person to land a quadruple somersault (four back flips with two twists) on snow with a clean (no touch) landing. That same season, along with Eric Bergoust and Nicolas Fontaine, Chojnacki tied the World Record for aerial skiing by completing a triple twisting quadruple somersault, a 17-year-old record set by Frank Bare, Jr. in 1983. Then on April 4, 2001, at Winter Park resort, Colorado, Chojnacki broke that mark by adding a full twist to the quad for a Half-Rudy (one and one-half)-Full-Full, or a quadruple back somersault with four twists and the current Guinness World Record. Chojnacki was partially trained and coached by Frank Bare, Jr. for that jump. In addition, he set the aerials water ramps world record in 2000, at the Utah Olympic Park, by completing a quintuple twisting quadruple back somersault with a Half-Rudy (one and one-half)-DoubleFull-Full.