William S. Heckscher
In 1932–1933, Heckscher lived in New York where he worked as Panofsky's assistant. During this time, he enrolled in the Graduate Department of Art History at the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University to study American art history. Heckscher returned to Germany to continue his studies in 1934. He and his mother were detained by the Gestapo and interrogated for ten days after being accused of having pacifist connections.
Eli Bornstein
He studied at the Chicago Art Institute for a short period in 1943, then went to the Milwaukee State Teachers' College, graduating with a BSc in 1945.
From 1943 to 1947 he was a teacher at the Milwaukee Art Institute.