Xiongnu
The Xiongnu () were a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Chinese sources report that Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 BC, founded the Xiongnu Empire.
Chanyu
Chanyu (; short form for Chengli Gutu Chanyu ()) was the title used by the nomadic supreme rulers of Inner Asia for eight centuries and was superseded by the title ""Khagan"" in 402 CE. The title was used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221-206 BCE) and Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE).
According to "Book of Han", Chēnglí 撐犁 means "heaven", gūtu 孤塗 "son" and chányú 單于 "immense appearance".