Plea bargain
In China, a plea bargaining pilot scheme has been introduced by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2016. For defendants that faces jail terms of three years or below, agrees to plea guilty voluntarily and agree with prosecutors' crime and sentencing proposals, will be given mitigated punishments.
United States Arbitration Association
Business and commercial contracts often include arbitration provisions. Mandatory arbitration clauses have, at times, been the target of news reports identifying their potential abuses and also the subject of proposed legislation Arbitration in the United States (section Arbitration Fairness Act). When an arbitration provision is agreed to contractually between the parties, judicial relief (filing in a court of law) is unavailable as a remedy for disputes. United States Arbitration Association provides the administrative infrastructure for small to mid-sized claims to be decided before a single arbitrator for a small standardized fee, with the delivery of a simple award. In part, this addresses the need to contain costs, as a panel of three arbitrators triples the cost of the arbitrator's hourly rate. The arbitrator is either appointed according to USADR rules, or selected in accordance with the parties' agreement. Under its rules, USADR may appoint an arbitrator in some circumstances, for example, in lower dollar claims where the parties have not specified a process for arbitrator selection.