Republic of Formosa
The Republic of Formosa (), was a short-lived republic that existed on the island of Taiwan in 1895 between the formal cession of Taiwan by the Qing Dynasty of China to the Empire of Japan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki and it being taken over by Japanese troops. The Republic was proclaimed on 23 May 1895 and extinguished on 21 October, when the Republican capital Tainan was taken over by the Japanese. Though sometimes claimed as the first Asian republic to have been proclaimed, it was predated by the Lanfang Republic in Borneo, established in 1777, as well as by the Republic of Ezo in Japan, established in 1869.
Republic of the Floridas
The Republic of the Floridas, also called Republic of Floridas, was a short-lived attempt, from June to December 1817, to establish an independent Florida (then a Spanish territory). (The plural "Floridas" refers to the separate provinces of East Florida and West Florida.) It was led by Gregor MacGregor, a Scottish military adventurer, purportedly commissioned by Simón Bolívar, who led revolts of the Spanish colonies in America, to capture Florida from Spain. He was joined by another adventurer and soldier of fortune, the French Louis-Michel Aury, and by the Scot Richard Ambrister, whose execution by General Andrew Jackson shortly thereafter provoked an international incident. MacGregor conquered Amelia Island, which was the only territory the country consisted of.