Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush
The Chechens and the Ingush speak languages that are closely related and have a degree of passive intelligibility, both being Vainakh languages. The Chechen-Russian conflict is one of the longest and most protracted conflicts in modern history, spanning three centuries. Its origins date back to 1785, when the Chechens fought against Russian expansionism into the Caucasus. The Caucasus War was fought between 1817 and 1864. The Russian Empire succeeded in annexing the area and subjugating its people, but also killed or deported numerous non-Russian peoples and was responsible for the Circassian genocide. The Circassians, the Ubykh and the Abaza were subsequently resettled to the Ottoman Empire. However, other Caucasus people were affected as well. There were up to 1.5 million Chechens in the Caucasus in 1847, but as a result of this war and ensuing expulsions, their number dropped to 140,000 in 1861, and then further to 116,000 in 1867. In 1865, at least 39,000 Chechens were exiled to the Ottoman Empire by the Russian Empire.
Chahkan, Dikhan
Chahkan is a village located at a distance of 22 kilometres from Dikhan to Tank road. It is the main station of "union council chahkan". This village was first developed by Sahi caste in later 15th century. The sahis came from Afghanistan and started to live near Gomal Kalan. After some time they killed a person in Gomal Kalan and the Govt. of that time decided to settle them in the place now called Chahkan to prevent the clash between two tribes. Chahkan is the combination of two Persian words Chah meaning water and kan meaning well. The area where Chahkan village is situated was abundant in water and the people dig wells for water. Hence the place is now called chahkan. The native language of the people of chahkan is Saraeki and chahkan is also known as KHOEYAN which mean chahkan. The Kochi pawandgans caste renamed this village as Mochiyan due to the Mochi caste which mend shoes because mochi caste is also present in this village. The most popular things of chahkan are shoes prepared in this village and the vessels made of mud used to store water in summer. Malik Muhammad rafique Sahi is the general Counsellor of sahi caste. Mushtaq Raza a famous poet of sraeki also belonged to this village.