Video game development
The history of game making begins with the development of the first video games, although which video game is the first depends on the definition of "video game". The first games created had little entertainment value, and their development focus was separate from user experience—in fact, these games required mainframe computers to play them. "OXO", written by Alexander S. Douglas in 1952, was the first computer game to use a digital display. In 1958, a game called "Tennis for Two", which displayed its output on an oscilloscope, was made by Willy Higinbotham, a physicist working at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. In 1961, a mainframe computer game called "Spacewar!" was developed by a group of Massachusetts Institute of Technology students led by Steve Russell.
History of Western role-playing video games
"Telengard", a BASIC port of the earlier PDP-10 game "DND", and "Dungeons of Daggorath", both released in 1982, introduced real-time gameplay. Earlier dungeon crawl games had used turn-based movement, in which the enemies only moved when the adventuring party did. "Tunnels of Doom", produced the same year, introduced separate screens for exploration and combat. "Dragon Quest" is most commonly claimed as the first role-playing video game produced for a console, though journalist Joe Fielder cites the earlier "Dragonstomper".