Railways in Melbourne
In February 2015, the State Government established the Melbourne Metro Rail Authority to oversee planning for new twin 9-kilometre rail tunnels through the central city between South Kensington station and South Yarra. The new Metro Tunnel will have five new underground stations and connect the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines with the Sunbury line, creating a new route through the CBD as an alternative to the City Loop. New underground stations will be created at Arden, Parkville, Domain and two new CBD stations, State Library and Town Hall. Enabling works were underway by 2016 and major construction work on the tunnel and stations began in 2017.The project has an estimated cost of $11 billion and is scheduled to be complete by 2025.
Great Istanbul Tunnel
The project was officially announced by Prime minister Ahmet Davutoğlu on 27 February 2015. The tunnel, in length and in diameter, will consist of three levels, two levels for road traffic and one level for rail system. It will be under the sea level. Situated between Gayrettepe on the European side and Küçüksu on the Asian side, it will integrate the highways between the three airports of the city, Istanbul Atatürk Airport, Sabiha Gökçen Airport, Istanbul New Airport, and the nine rail lines of the Istanbul Metro. The three bridges over the Bosphorus, 15 July Martyrs Bridge, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge and Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, will be linked together through the tunnel. The cost of the project will amount to US$3.5 billion. The financing of the construction will be on the build–operate–transfer basis.