Republic of Formosa
The Republic of Formosa (), was a short-lived republic that existed on the island of Taiwan in 1895 between the formal cession of Taiwan by the Qing Dynasty of China to the Empire of Japan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki and it being taken over by Japanese troops. The Republic was proclaimed on 23 May 1895 and extinguished on 21 October, when the Republican capital Tainan was taken over by the Japanese. Though sometimes claimed as the first Asian republic to have been proclaimed, it was predated by the Lanfang Republic in Borneo, established in 1777, as well as by the Republic of Ezo in Japan, established in 1869.
Republic of Negros
On November 27, 1898, the unicameral Chamber of Deputies () met in Bacolod and declared the establishment of the Cantonal Republic of Negros (). The Chamber of Deputies acted as a Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution. Eventually, the proposed constitution of the Federal Republic of Negros was not implemented.
With the looming invasion of the United States Army, President Aniceto Lacson raised the American flag in the Casa Real to welcome the army as a friendly force. Despite the initial protest from the Negros Oriental deputies, the republic was surrendered to U.S. forces on March 4, 1899, and came under U.S. protection on April 30, 1899 as a separate state from the rest of the Philippine Islands. On 22 July 1899, it was renamed the "Republic of Negros". However, on 30 April 1901, it had been dissolved and the island of Negros was annexed to the Philippine Islands by the United States, which retained control until the Japanese imperial occupation in World War II.