Malaysia–United Kingdom relations
In 1824 British hegemony in Malaya was formalised by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty, which divided the Malay Archipelago between Britain and the Netherlands. The Dutch evacuated Malacca and renounced all interest in Malaya, while the British recognised Dutch rule over the rest of the East Indies. By 1826, the British controlled Penang, Malacca, Singapore and the island of Labuan, which they established as crown colonies of the Straits Settlements, administered first under the EIC until 1867, when they were transferred to the Colonial Office in London. On the other hand, White Rajahs (founded by British adventurer James Brooke) ruled the Kingdom of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946, while North Borneo was founded by the North Borneo Chartered Company. Both Sarawak and North Borneo subsequently became a British Protectorate, and a Crown colony in 1946. In 1944, the British drew up plans for a Malayan Union, which would unite the Federated and Unfederated Malay States (except for Singapore), into a single Crown colony, with a view towards independence. It was established in 1946, and was dissolved in 1948 to be replaced by the Federation of Malaya. The federation became independent from the United Kingdom on 31 August 1957, and joined North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore to form a new larger federation known as the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. However, in less than two years upon the founding of the federation, Singapore was expelled as a consequence of the 1964 race riots.
Elite Forces of Malaysia
As a new nation, Federation of Malaya is heavily relied to the Commonwealth of Nations for military assistance. The Malayan Emergency is reaching its end and Malayan Armed Forces begin to expand its strength. In 1963, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore join the federation, thus Malaysia was formed. This unity displeased Sukarno, the first President of Indonesia and also pro-communist, and he accused Malaysia is a new form of colonisation by the British. Sukarno launch a military campaign towards Malaysia and the Commonwealth nations quickly offers military assistance to Malaysia. The confrontation by the Indonesia lasts from January 1962 to August 1966. From here, the Malaysian government realised the needs of specially trained elite forces in the military arsenals. Malaysian Special Service Unit (MSSU; now known as "Grup Gerak Khas" – GGK) was established during the confrontation. After the confrontation, second emergency occurs, thus more elite units was established to meet the demands.