Mexican Revolution
The PRI, or Institutional Revolutionary Party is one of the major lasting legacies of the Mexican Revolution; its first iteration was the Partido Nacional Revolucionario founded in 1929 under Northern revolutionary general and president of Mexico (1924–1928) Plutarco Elías Calles, following the assassination of president-elect (and former president) Álvaro Obregón in 1928. The establishment of the party created an enduring structure that managed not only presidential succession but also groups with competing interests. Initially, Calles remained the power behind the presidency during a period known as the Maximato, but his hand-picked presidential candidate, Lázaro Cárdenas, won a power struggle with Calles, expelling him from the country. Cárdenas reorganized the party that Calles founded, creating formal sectors for interest groups, including one for the Mexican military. The reorganized party was named Party of the Mexican Revolution. In 1946, the party again changed its name to the Institutional Revolutionary Party. The party under its various names held the presidency uninterruptedly from 1929 to 2000, and again from 2012 to 2018 under President Enrique Peña Nieto.
Mexican Fascist Party
The Mexican Fascist Party (Partido Fascista Mexicano) was a political party that was formed in Mexico in 1922 that was officially based upon Italian Fascism. The party was founded by Gustavo Sáenz de Sicilia. It was formed largely in opposition to effects of the Mexican Revolution by urban and rural middle class supporters who opposed socialism and agrarian reform who saw fascism as an alternative. The party's base of supporters were largely conservative, Catholic, and antirevolutionary. The party was viewed with dismay by Italian fascists, with the Italian ambassador in 1923 stating that "This party was not anything else than a bad imitation of ours, and did not possess the causes of origin and the finalities of it. It, in fact, assumed the aspect of a political movement tending to gather in the whole country old conservative and Catholic forces dispersed by the revolution, and to form, in this way, a party clearly opposed to the actual government."