Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship with a length of 3 or 4 years are the most common ones. The certificate awarded after successfully completing a 3 or 4-year apprenticeship is called "Certificat Fédérale de Capacité" (), "Eidgenössisches Fähigkeitszeugnis" (EFZ) or "Attestato federale di capacità" (AFC).
Residency (medicine)
Duration of residencies can range from three years to seven years, depending upon the program and specialty. A year in residency begins between late June and early July depending on the individual program, and ends one calendar year later. In the United States, the first year of residency is known as an internship with those physicians being termed "interns." Depending on the number of years a specialty requires, the term "junior resident" may refer to residents that have not completed half their residency. "Senior residents" are residents in their final year of residency, although this can vary. Some residency programs refer to residents in their final year as "chief residents" (typically in surgical branches). Alternatively, a "chief resident" may describe a resident who has been selected to extend his or her residency by one year and organize the activities and training of the other residents (typically in internal medicine and pediatrics).