Quad (figure skating)
A quad, or quadruple, is a figure skating jump with at least three but less than four revolutions. Most quadruple jumps have 3 1/2 revolutions; the quadruple Axel has 4 1/2 revolutions, although no figure skater to date has completed this jump in competition. The quadruple toe loop and quadruple Salchow are the two most commonly skated in the discipline. Quadruple jumps have become increasingly common among World and Olympic level men's single skaters, to the point that not having one in a program has come to be seen as a severe handicap. The first person to land a ratified quadruple jump in competition was Canadian Kurt Browning in 1988. In 2002, Miki Ando became the first woman to do so, and she remains one of only two women to have landed a ratified quadruple jump in competition.
Lutz jump
Today the Lutz is often done in double or triple versions. Alena Vrzáňová of Czechoslovakia was the first woman credited with a double Lutz, performed at the 1949 World Championships. Donald Jackson of Canada was the first skater to execute a triple Lutz jump in competition, at the 1962 World Championships; Denise Biellmann of Switzerland is credited as the first woman to do so, at the 1978 European Championships. Brandon Mroz of the United States is credited with landing the first quadruple Lutz jump in a sanctioned competition at the 2011 Colorado Springs Invitational, a club competition sanctioned by U.S. Figure Skating; Mroz's jump was subsequently ratified by the International Skating Union after video review. On November 12, Mroz landed it in the short program at 2011 NHK Trophy, becoming the first skater to land it in an international competition. On November 2015 Jin Boyang became the first man to land the quad lutz with a positive GOE at an international competition and a quad lutz triple toe. On November 25, 2017 Nathan Chen became the first man to land two quadruple Lutz jumps in competition during the free skating portion of the Skate America Grand Prix Competition. On February 17, 2018, Vincent Zhou became the first to land a Quad Lutz at any Winter Olympic Competition. On October 12, 2018, Alexandra Trusova became the first female skater to land a Quad Lutz at the 2018 JGP Armenia.