When was the World Intellectual Property Organization formed?
World Intellectual Property Organization
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; ) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world".
China International Copyright Expo
In its first year, the China International Copyright Expo was held in the large banquet hall of the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Beijing. In addition to the organizations listed above, it was also sponsored by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Mr. Francis Gurry, Director General of WIPO dubbed the event the, "Copyright Olympics."
World Intellectual Property Organization
The Agreement marked a transition for WIPO from the mandate it inherited in 1967 from BIRPI, to promote the protection of intellectual property, to one that involved the more complex task of promoting technology transfer and economic development.
IP Federation
The IP Federation (formerly the "Trade Marks, Patents and Designs Federation" or TMPDF) is a United Kingdom industry intellectual property trade association. It was founded in 1920 as an industry organization that provides input representing its members' interests in the United Kingdom and international intellectual property rule-making process.
Intellectual property in Iran
Iran is a member of the WIPO since 2001 and has acceded to several WIPO intellectual property treaties. Iran joined the "Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property" (Paris Convention) in 1959. In December 2003 Iran became a party to the Madrid Agreement and the Madrid Protocol for the "International Registration of Marks". In 2005 Iran joined the Lisbon Agreement for the "Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration", which ensures the protection of geographical names associated with products. As at February 2008 Iran had yet to accede to "The Hague Agreement for the Protection of Industrial Designs".Iran has a legal code to protect the proprietary and intellectual rights of works produced inside Iran called "Law for the Protection of Authors, Composers and Artists Rights", dated January 12, 1970, passed by Iran's National Consultative Assembly, supplemented with the "“Law for the protection of Rights of the Authors of Computer Programs”" passed on (Iranian year 1379).
Journal of Intellectual Property Law
The journal was established in 1993 to respond to what the United States Circuit Court of Appeals judge Stanley F. Birch, Jr. described as "[t]he need for greater exposition on the law of intellectual property." In 2010, the Supreme Court of the United States cited the journal in Justice John Paul Stevens' concurring opinion in "Bilski v. Kappos". In 2015, Washington and Lee University's Law Journal Rankings placed the journal among the top twenty five intellectual property law journals with the highest impact factor, and among the top ten most cited by cases.
Intellectual property
The organization subsequently relocated to Geneva in 1960, and was succeeded in 1967 with the establishment of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) by treaty as an agency of the United Nations. According to legal scholar Mark Lemley, it was only at this point that the term really began to be used in the United States (which had not been a party to the Berne Convention), and it did not enter popular usage there until passage of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980.
World Federation for Culture Collections
In 1977 the WIPO established the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure. There are 42 International Depository Authorities worldwide where microorganisms may be deposited for patent purposes. 
The WFCC coordinates the International Congress of Culture Collections. The most recent meeting was the 13th International Conference on Culture Collections and it was held in Beijing, China. It was hosted by the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS). 
The WFCC communicates via a regular newsletter.
CEPIC
CEPIC was founded in Berlin in 1993, where it still has its Head Office. In 1997, it received Observer Status at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). CEPIC was registered in Paris in 1999. In 2006 CEPIC became an associate member of International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC). Until 2009 CEPIC was known as the "Coordination of European Picture Agencies". The change of the name to "Centre of the Picture Industry" is a result of the advancement to a more global orientation of the organisation.
Arab Society for Intellectual Property
The Society was established on February 23, 1987 in Munich, Germany under the name The Arab Society for the Protection of Industrial Property. About 142 founders from the Arab world attended the Society’s constituent meeting. TAGorg's Chairman Talal Abu-Ghazaleh chaired the meeting during which the first Board of Directors was elected. This Board consisted of 10 members representing Kuwait, Egypt, Syria, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Iraq.
Print disability
A conference organised by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Marrakesh, Morocco, in June 2013 adopted a special treaty called "A Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works by Visually Impaired Persons and Persons with Print Disabilities" (briefly Marrakesh VIP Treaty).
The Marrakesh Treaty represents an important change in how law makers balance the demands of copyright owners against the interests of people with disabilities in particular, and a potential point of inflection in global copyright politics more generally.
Japan Patent Attorneys Association
The organization for Patent Attorneys, namely the Japan Patent Attorneys Association (JPAA), was founded in 1915. Since its founding, the JPAA has played an important role in improving Japan's industrial property rights system. The JPAA has also been a leader in promoting better understanding of various issues relating to intellectual property (IP). For example, the JPAA has hosted a number of seminars and lectures focusing on IP issues on such wide-ranging topics as international treaties, domestic and international laws and new and advanced technologies.
Berne Convention
Like the Paris Convention, the Berne Convention set up a bureau to handle administrative tasks. In 1893 these two small bureaux merged and became the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property (best known by its French acronym BIRPI), situated in Berne. In 1960, BIRPI moved to Geneva, to be closer to the United Nations and other international organizations in that city. In 1967 it became the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and in 1974 became an organization within the United Nations.
Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration
The Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration, signed on 31 October 1958, ensures that in member countries, appellations of origin receive protection when are protected in their country of origin. It lays down provisions for what qualifies as an appellation of origin, protection measures and establishes an International Register of Appellations of Origin, run by the World Intellectual Property Organization. The agreement came into force in 1966, and was revised at Stockholm (1967) and amended in 1979. As of May 2015, 28 states are party to the convention and 1000 appellations of origin has been registered.
WIPO Copyright Treaty
The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty (WIPO Copyright Treaty or WCT) is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 1996. It provides additional protections for copyright to respond to advances in information technology since the formation of previous copyright treaties before it. The WCT and WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, are together termed WIPO "internet treaties".
International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property
The International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property (ATRIP) was founded in 1981. It pursues only educational and scientific objectives to contribute to the advancement of teaching and research in the field of the law of intellectual property.
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
The WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (or WPPT) is an international treaty signed by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization was adopted in Geneva on 20 December 1996. It came into effect on 20 May 2002. As of December 2014, the treaty has been ratified by 94 states.
Centre William Rappard
The Centre William Rappard at Rue de Lausanne 154, Geneva, Switzerland, was built between 1923 and 1926 to house the International Labour Office (ILO). It was the first building in Geneva designed to house an international organization. In 1975 the ILO moved to Grand Saconnex and in 1977 the Centre William Rappard was occupied by the secretariat of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, and the library of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. By 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) replaced the GATT and became the main occupant of the Centre William Rappard. In 2008-2013, the building was completely renovated and an extension was constructed to make available more office space and meeting rooms.
Arab Society for Intellectual Property
The Arab Society for Intellectual Property (ASIP) is a non-profit organization based in Munich established on February 23, 1987 with the purpose of enhancing and developing the protection of the Intellectual Property (IP) system in Arab countries.
The idea of establishing a specialized Arab professional body concerned with organizing the profession of those working in the IP field at the Arab level was devised by some leading IP practitioners of the profession in the Arab world led by Talal Abu-Ghazaleh, Founder and Chairman of the Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization (TAGorg), who made intensive contacts and held several meetings since February 1984 with WIPO’s Director General, Dr. Arbad Bogesh in order to put into practice the idea of establishment.
International Publishers Association
Founded in 1896 in Paris, France, by the leading publishers at that time the initial aim of the IPA was to ensure that countries throughout the world adopted copyright law and implemented the then new international copyright treaty, the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
Berne Convention
The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty was adopted in 1996 to address the issues raised by information technology and the Internet, which were not addressed by the Berne Convention.
Intellectual property law in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ratified World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Convention in 1995, and became a full member of the organization. Azerbaijan is a member of the Assemblies of Berne, Budapest, Hague, IPC, Locarno, Madrid, Nice, PCT and Paris Unions, and Executive Committee of Paris Union, and Conference, Coordination Committee, General Assembly, Program and Budget Committee of WIPO, and Assemblies of WIPO Copyright Treaty, and WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty. Azerbaijan ratified 17 WIPO treaties, and all of them are in force in the territory of Azerbaijan. They are following:
International Chamber of Commerce
WCF was established by ICC and its chamber members following a resolution at the conclusion of the World Congress of Chambers of Commerce (Rome 1950). At its inaugural committee meeting held in Paris in December 1950, WCF was to be first known as the International Information Bureau of Chambers of Commerce. As its role expanded and grew during the 1960s, its name changed to become the International Bureau of Chambers of Commerce and by June 2001, it became known as the World Chambers Federation.
Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
One of ICANN's first steps was to commission the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to produce a report on the conflict between trademarks and domain names. Published on 30 April 1999, the WIPO Report recommended the establishment of a "mandatory administrative procedure concerning abusive registrations", which would allow for a "neutral venue in the context of disputes that are often international in nature." The procedure was not intended to deal with cases with competing rights, nor would it exclude the jurisdiction of the courts. It would, however, be mandatory in the sense that "each domain name application would, in the domain name agreement, be required to submit to the procedure if a claim was initiated against it by a third party
World Intellectual Property Indicators
WIPO's World Intellectual Property Indicators is an annual report providing a wide range of indicators covering the areas of intellectual property. It draws on data from national and regional IP offices, WIPO, the World Bank and UNESCO.
Japan Intellectual Property Association
The Japan Intellectual Property Association (JIPA) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization representing "industries and users of the intellectual property (IP) system". It was established in 1938. It claims to be the largest private organization in Japan concerned with intellectual property rights, with more than one thousand members as of 2009.
World Tourism Organization
The origin of UNWTO stems back to 1920 when the International Congress of Official Tourist Traffic Associations (ICOTT) was formed at The Hague. Some articles from early volumes of the Annals of Tourism Research, claim that the UNWTO originated from the International Union of Official Tourist Publicity Organizations (IUOTPO), although the UNWTO states that the ICOTT became the International Union of Official Tourist Publicity Organizations first in 1934.
New York Intellectual Property Law Association
The William C. Conner Intellectual Property Law Writing Competition was established by NYIPLA in 1999, to recognize exceptional papers submitted by law students on topics of intellectual property law.
World Intellectual Property Organization
The predecessor to WIPO was the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property ("Bureaux Internationaux Réunis pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle", with the French acronym for "BIRPI"), which had been established in 1893 to administer the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.
Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations
The Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations was accepted by members of BIRPI, the predecessor to the modern World Intellectual Property Organization, on 26 October 1961. The agreement extended copyright protection for the first time from the author of a work to the creators and owners of particular, physical manifestations of intellectual property, such as audiocassettes or videocassettes.
American Intellectual Property Law Association
AIPLA was formed in 1897 as the American Patent Law Association. The name was formally changed in 1983 to AIPLA. The purpose of the organization, as set forth in the Articles of Incorporation, is “to maintain a high standard of professional ethics, to aid in the improvement in laws relating to intellectual property and in their proper interpretation by the courts, and to provide legal education to the public and to its members on intellectual property issues.”
European Intellectual Property Institutes Network
The European Intellectual Property Institutes Network (EIPIN) is a cooperation network of intellectual property (IP) institutions, organizing conferences. It was founded in 1999. Its aim is "to facilitate and increase cooperation among IP institutions and students in Europe".
Synergon
Intellectual property
Intellectual Property Business Organization
Singapore Cooperation Programme
Singapore and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) signed a Memorandum of Understanding in February 1997 to conduct joint training courses for developing countries. The courses were aimed at enhancing their capacity to implement and develop international Intellectual Property (IP) standards. Last year, Singapore and WIPO renewed their partnership to expand collaborative activities. To date, Singapore and WIPO have jointly trained 224 officials from 24 countries in the Asia- Pacific region.
Patents in the Philippines
The WIPO Copyright Treaty of 1996 is a special agreement enacted by the members of the World Intellectual Property Organization that is concerned with new intellectual property issues that are not covered by predating treatises due to coming of the digital age. The treaty also concerns itself with the addition of subjects to be protected by copyright such as computer programs, databases, as well the rights to distribute these intellectual property. The treaty came into force in 2002.
Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office
The Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office (EIPO) is an autonomous unit of the Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency. It was established in 2003 to provide legal protection for intellectual property (IP) rights. Under a Director-General the EIPO comprises five core business units and two support units. It is based in Addis Ababa.
The Intellectual Property Lawyers' Organisation
The Intellectual Property Lawyers' Organisation or The Intellectual Property Lawyer's Organisation (TIPLO) is a United Kingdom-based association of intellectual property lawyers.
Industrial property
The World Intellectual Property Organization provides a forum for its member states to create and harmonize rules and practices for protecting IP rights, including industrial property. It assists its member states in developing IP systems through treaty negotiation, legal and technical assistance, and training in various forms, including in the area of enforcement of IP rights. It provides international registration systems for trademarks, industrial designs and appellations of origin, and an international filing system for patents:Four WIPO treaties have created classification systems that organise information on different branches of industrial property into indexed, manageable structures:The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center provides services for the resolution of international IP disputes between private parties, including contractual disputes (e.g. patent and software licenses, trademark coexistence agreements, and research and development agreements) and non-contractual disputes (such as patent infringement).
World Bamboo Organization
World Bamboo Organization Founded as the International Bamboo Association (IBA), the idea for an international coordinating body for bamboo practitioners was born out of discussions at the International Bamboo Workshop in Chiang Mai, Thailand in 1991. The IBA was consequently established at the 1992 International Bamboo Congress in Japan. Through 1998 the IBA had been the coordinating platform for bamboo people around the world, with its primary responsibility being the International Bamboo Congress & International Bamboo Workshop. A union of these two distinct gatherings is today called the World Bamboo Congress, and has led to the rebirth of the IBA into the "World Bamboo Organization". The WBO was legally formed as a U.S. tax-exempt trade association in 2005 by CEO Susanne Lucas. She currently holds the position of Executive Director, WBO Ambassador and is the author of "Bamboo". Kamesh Salam (Assam, India) served as President 2007-2009. Michel Abadie (Paris, France) served his first term as President from 2010-2012, and was reappointed a second term in 2013 and has continued his role to the present.
United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property
In 1873, a pressing issue became evident for creators, in that they feared that others would steal their ideas since there was no way to regulate such things. Many exhibitors chose not to attend the International Exhibition of Inventions in Vienna, Austria that year. In 1883, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property came about to address this issue, and became the first step in intellectual property protection.
International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property
The revival of the Association took place in 1925. Under the leadership of Swiss Patent Attorney, Eugen Blum, the centre of gravity of AIPPI moved to Switzerland. As a consequence of the Second World War, the activities of the Association suffered a second interruption from 1938 to 1946.
International Association for Technology Trade
Efforts in 2005 to forge a partnership with the Patent Protection Association of China (PPAC) under the direction of China’s State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) resulted in the first-ever "Sino-American Forum of Intellectual Property Rights", held in China’s booming Pearl River Delta. Attracting more than 500 government officials, business leaders and academics from throughout China and North America, IATT and PPAC co-organized the event.
Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale
The Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale (ALAI) was founded in 1878 in Paris. Victor Hugo was the honorary president and founder of the association. The group gave itself the objective of creating an international convention for the protection of writers' and artists' rights, which was achieved eight years later with the Berne Convention on September 9, 1886. It continues to exist today and it is considered one of the premiere international organizations that continues to suggest law reform in connection with the movement for international copyright law.
Traditional knowledge
This became even more pressing with the adoption of the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs), which established rules for creating and protecting intellectual property that could be interpreted to conflict with the agreements made under the CBD. In response, the states who had ratified the CBD requested the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to investigate the relationship between intellectual property rights, biodiversity and traditional knowledge. WIPO began this work with a fact-finding mission in 1999. Considering the issues involved with biodiversity and the broader issues in TRIPs (involving all forms of cultural expressions, not just those associated with biodiversity – including traditional designs, music, songs, stories, etc.), WIPO established the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC-GRTKF).
International Trade Organization
A Preparatory Committee was established in February 1946, and met for the first time in London in October 1946 to work on the charter of an international organization for trade; the work was continued from April to November 1947.
European Union Intellectual Property Office
On 23 March 2016, the Office changed its name to the European Union Intellectual Property Office upon the entry into force of Regulation 2015/2424.
Kamil Idris
Idris joined WIPO on December 30, 1982. Idris was member of the International Law Commission from 1992 to 1996 and from 2000 to 2001. On September 22, 1997, he was appointed Director General of WIPO for a period of six years. Idris succeeded Árpád Bogsch, who served as Director General for 25 years. The Director General oversees WIPO's efforts for global intellectual property protection. In March 1998, Idris visited the United States Congress and met with the United States Secretary of Commerce to discuss safeguarding and promoting American ingenuity, and he received an official welcome by Congress. He was formally re-appointed to a second six-year term as Director General of WIPO on May 27, 2003. Throughout his tenure as Director Genera, Idris donated his salary as Secretary-General of the Union for the Protection of Plant Varieties (UPOV) to developing countries. His mandate was originally due to end on November 30, 2009. A WIPO document released in 2016 indicate that in 2007, Idris requested that the WIPO Coordination Committee advance the process for appointing his replacement, whose appointment began October 2008.
Taiwan Intellectual Property Office
TIPO was established in 1927.
Blue Shield International
Following the Second World War, which saw extensive damage and widespread theft of cultural heritage throughout Europe and Asia, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO} was founded in 1946 with the official aim of promoting peace, development, and dialogue through cultural exchange and preservation. At the behest of the Netherlands, UNESCO helped draft and sponsor the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, the first international treaty that focuses exclusively on the protection of cultural property in armed conflict; it entered into force on 7 August 1956, obligating state parties to protect cultural property in both peacetime and war, including those located in combatant nations.
Intellectual Property Watch
Intellectual Property Watch is a Geneva-based publication reporting on policy issues and influences relating to international organizations (IOs), especially those in Geneva such as the World Intellectual Property Organization, World Trade Organization, World Health Organization and International Telecommunication Union. It also follows policy developments outside Geneva, and does some investigative reporting.
Ulan Melisbek
During his tenure, at the Twenty Second Session (Sixteenth Regular) of the Administrative Council of the Eurasian Patent Organization Mr. Melisbek was unanimously elected Deputy Chairman of the EAPO Administrative Council. Similarly, at the 47 series meetings of member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) held from September 22 to October 1, 2009 in Geneva (Switzerland), Kyrgyzstan was selected as regional coordinator of the World Intellectual Property Organization for countries that include Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan.
World Intellectual Property Organization
In October 2004, WIPO agreed to adopt a proposal offered by Argentina and Brazil, the "Proposal for the Establishment of a Development Agenda for WIPO"—from the Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization. This proposal was well supported by developing countries. The agreed "WIPO Development Agenda" (composed of over 45 recommendations) was the culmination of a long process of transformation for the organization from one that had historically been primarily aimed at protecting the interests of rightholders, to one that has increasingly incorporated the interests of other stakeholders in the international intellectual property system as well as integrating into the broader corpus of international law on human rights, environment and economic cooperation.
Neglected tropical diseases
WIPO Re:Search was established in 2011 by the World Intellectual Property Organization in collaboration with BIO Ventures for Global Health (BVGH) and with the active participation of leading pharmaceutical companies and other private and public sector research organizations. It allows organizations to share their intellectual property, compounds, expertise, facilities and know-how royalty-free with qualified researchers worldwide working on new solutions for NTDs, malaria and tuberculosis.
Member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the 16 specialized agencies of the United Nations.
Wake Forest Intellectual Property Law Journal
The Journal was founded in 2001 after years of lobbying and preparation by students, professors, and alumni active in the field of intellectual property law. The Journal is one of three publications produced by the Wake Forest University School of Law. The Journal is independent from the Intellectual Property Law Association of Wake Forest University School of Law, but coordinates with that student group to plan events and host speakers on campus. The Journal was recently ranked 6th nationally out of all intellectual property law journals in the "2006 ExpressO Law Review Submissions Guide."
Industrial property
The importance of protecting Industrial property was recognized in the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property in 1883 and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1886. Both treaties are administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
International Intellectual Property Alliance
IIPA is a non-governmental organization at WIPO.
World Anti-Piracy Observatory
The World Anti-Piracy Observatory (WAPO) is a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) program engineered to help combat copyright infringement, sometimes known as piracy. The program, approved in 2005 and initiated in January 2010, is the first web-based platform to gather and disseminate information about anti-infringement activities in the UNESCO Member States. A free, public service regularly updated by various partners, WAPO offers information in English, French and Spanish organized by country.
Canadian Intellectual Property Office
The Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO; ) is the patent, trademark, and copyright administration body of Canada. Structurally the CIPO functions as a Special Operating Agency (SOA) which is associated with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada.
International Intellectual Property Alliance
The International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA), formed in 1984, is a private sector coalition of seven trade associations representing U.S. companies that produce copyright-protected material, including computer software, films, television programs, music, books, and journals (electronic and print media). It seeks to strengthen international copyright protection and enforcement by working with the U.S. government, foreign governments, and private-sector representatives.
Copyright law of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan is one of the 190 members of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
Francis Gurry
Francis Gurry joined the World Intellectual Property Organization in 1985 as a consultant and senior program officer in the Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific. Between 1988 and 1999, he held positions in different sectors of WIPO, including in the Industrial Property Law Section, the Office of the Director General, and the Legal Counsel Office. As Assistant Director General (from 1999-2003) and Deputy Director General (from 2003-2008), he was in charge of a variety of areas including the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), patent law and policy, the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (which he helped establish), traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions and genetic resources, and life sciences.
Network Sovereignty
The World Intellectual Property Organization is a United Nations body, designed to protect intellectual property across all of its member states. WIPO allows content to traverse various networks through their Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). The PCT allows for international patents by providing security for content providers across state borders. It is up to states to enforce their own network sovereignty over these patents. Global standards for copyright and encryption are viewed as one way that governments could cooperate. With global standards it is easier to enforce network sovereignty because it builds respect for intellectual property and maintains the rights of content creators and providers. It is possible that governments may not be able to keep up with regulating these initiatives. For example, in the 1995 Clipper Chip system, the Clinton administration in the United States reneged on its original policy because it was deemed that it would soon be too easy to crack the chips. One alternative proposed was the implementation of the digital signature, which could be used to protect network sovereignty by having content providers and governments sign off the content, like for a digital envelope. This system has already been implemented in the use of Wi-Fi Protected Access Enterprise networks, some secured websites, and software distribution. It allows content to pass through borders without difficulty because it is facilitated through organizations such as WIPO.
Labour standards in the World Trade Organization
The WTO has its origins in the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference which was convened by the Allied nations towards the end of World War II with the aim of establishing an international economic order. Although the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (now known as the World Bank) were created, the International Trade Organisation (ITO), the forerunner of the WTO, was only a proposition at this point. It was not until 1947 that negotiations were concluded and the ITO came into being. In the Havana Charter, the text of the ITO, Article 7 pertained specifically to fair labour standards, requiring that members of the organisation must, amongst other things, "take fully into account the rights of workers under inter-governmental declarations, conventions and agreements" and recognise "that all countries have a common interest in the achievement and maintenance of fair labour standards related to productivity, and thus in the improvement of wages and working conditions as productivity may permit". In the interim period before the ratification of the charter, states decided to follow an interim agreement, known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was to be later incorporated into the ITO's legal framework. This temporary arrangement did not include any references to labour rights. The requisite number of states failed to ratify the ITO and so it failed and GATT became the basis for the current world trade system.
Departments of the ITMO University
The Institute of International Business and Law was established in 2003 and in 2007 it became a Faculty at ITMO. The Faculty originally trained staff for Russia's Federal Customs Service. Now it also trains managers with an emphasis on intellectual property and patents in innovations. It also still offers special courses on customs brokerage. From 2008, the Faculty of International Business and Law collaborates with Rospatent, with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).
Intellectual property
Similarly, it is based on these background that the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement requires members of the WTO to set minimum standards of legal protection, but its objective to have a “one-fits-all” protection law on Intellectual Property has been viewed with controversies regarding differences in the development level of countries. Despite the controversy, the agreement has extensively incorporated intellectual property rights into the global trading system for the first time in 1995, and has prevailed as the most comprehensive agreement reached by the world.
WIPO Lex
WIPO Lex is an online database of national legislation and international treaties in the field of intellectual property. Maintenance and development of the database is exercised by the World Intellectual Property Organization.
Intellectual Property Owners Association
The Intellectual Property Owners Association (IPO) is a trade association that is composed of owners of intellectual property, represented mostly by in-house corporate counsel and private practice attorneys practicing in the field, and other parties interested in intellectual property law. According to its "About IPO" page, the organization is composed about 200 companies and more than 12,000 individuals who are involved in the association either through their companies or as IPO inventor, author, executive, law firm or attorney members. IPO’s corporate members file about 30 percent of the patent applications filed in the USPTO each year by U.S. nationals.
International Patent Classification
The International Patent Classification (IPC) is a hierarchical patent classification system used in over 100 countries to classify the content of patents in a uniform manner. It was created under the Strasbourg Agreement (1971), one of a number of treaties administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The classification is updated on a regular basis by a Committee of Experts, consisting of representatives of the Contracting States of that Agreement with observers from other organisations, such as the European Patent Office.
INPADOC
INPADOC was founded by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the government of Austria under an agreement on May 2, 1972. A little less than twenty years later, in 1991, it was integrated into the European Patent Office. An EPO sub-office was then created in Vienna, Austria.
European Union Intellectual Property Office
The European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO, ), founded in 1994, is the European Union Agency responsible for the registration of the European Union trade mark (EUTM) and the registered Community design (RCD), two unitary intellectual property rights valid across the 28 Member States of the EU. Every year, it registers an average of 135 000 EU trade marks and close to 100 000 designs. The EUIPO is also responsible for maintaining an Orphan Works Registry. Registered works have certain permitted acts under the Orphan Works Directive.
International Intellectual Property Society
Since October 12, 2009, the IIPS has held observer status at WIPO.
Intellectual property
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recognizes that conflicts may exist between the respect for and implementation of current intellectual property systems and other human rights. In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called "Human rights and intellectual property" that argued that intellectual property tends to be governed by economic goals when it should be viewed primarily as a social product; in order to serve human well-being, intellectual property systems must respect and conform to human rights laws. According to the Committee, when systems fail to do so they risk infringing upon the human right to food and health, and to cultural participation and scientific benefits. In 2004 the General Assembly of WIPO adopted "The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization" which argues that WIPO should "focus more on the needs of developing countries, and to view IP as one of many tools for development—not as an end in itself".
Global Intellectual Property Center
The Global Intellectual Property Center was launched in October 2007 at the U.S. Chamber’s 4th Annual Anti-Counterfeiting and Piracy Summit. The GIPC was formed as an expansion of the existing efforts of the U.S. Chamber’s Global Anti-Counterfeiting and Piracy Initiative.
Željko Topić
In 2004, he was appointed as Director General of the Croatian State Intellectual Property Office for a four-year term. In this capacity he represented Croatia on the Administrative Council of the European Patent Organisation from 2004 onward. Croatia became a full member of the EPO in 2008. In 2006, Topić was proposed as a candidate for a senior management position at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). His candidacy was unsuccessful.
Benelux Office for Intellectual Property
The BOIP is part of the Benelux Organisation for Intellectual Property, established by the Benelux Convention on Intellectual Property, which was signed on 25 February 2005 and entered into force on 1 September 2006. The Benelux Convention on Intellectual Property replaced the Benelux Convention on Trade Marks (1962) and the Benelux Convention on Designs (1966).
International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law
The International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition. It was established in 1970 and covers worldwide developments in intellectual property and competition law. In addition, the journal also covers decisions and leading cases from jurisdictions around the world, as well as editorials, opinions, reports, case notes, and book reviews. The editors-in-chief are Reto M. Hilty and Josef Drexl (Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition).
United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property
In 1893, the International Bureau established by the Paris Convention and the International Bureau established by Berne Convention, both to carry out administrative tasks, merged to form the BIRPI.
International Intellectual Property Institute
The International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI) is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation founded in 1999 and located in Washington, DC. An international advocacy organization and think tank, IIPI is dedicated to increasing awareness and understanding of the use of intellectual property as a tool for economic growth, particularly in developing countries. Assistant Secretary of Commerce and U.S. Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks from August 1993 through December 1998, Bruce A. Lehman is Chairman and President of IIPI.
African Regional Intellectual Property Organization
The name of the organization changed from "African Regional Industrial Property Organization" to "African Regional Intellectual Property Organization" in 2005.
World Intellectual Property Review
The World Intellectual Property Review (WIPR) is a bimonthly magazine providing news and analysis on issues in intellectual property. Between July 2011 and June 2012, the average number of copies per issue was about 5,200. All copies were distributed for free. The magazine is published since 2006 by Newton Media Ltd, which also publishes the "World Intellectual Property Review Annual", a guide to "intellectual property developments in the past year."
Patents in the Philippines
The TRIPS Agreement is a multilateral trade agreement mediated by the World Trade Organization that came into effect on 1 January 1995, on the same day the Philippines became a member of the WTO. It was borne out of the desire of the member states to "reduce distortions and impediments to international trade, taking into account the need to promote effective intellectual property rights (IPRs), and to ensure that measures to enforce IPRs do not themselves become barriers to legitimate trade." The agreement provides a framework of principles, rules and disciplines dealing with international trade as well as resolving trade related disputes among nations. The treaty also takes into account the needs of less developed member nations among others. It is recognized as one of the most comprehensive multilateral agreements on intellectual property.
United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property
The BIRPI changed to the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). The Convention changed the name, while also making it an intergovernmental organization which is lead by member-states.
Industrial property
The World Intellectual Property Organization is an international organization dedicated to ensuring that the rights of creators and owners of intellectual property are protected worldwide, and that inventors and authors are recognized and rewarded. As a specialized agency of the United Nations, the organization provides a forum for its member states to create and harmonize rules and practices for protecting intellectual property rights. Most developed countries have protection systems that are centuries old, while developing countries continue to create legal and administrative frameworks to protect their patents, trademarks, designs and copyright.
Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization
The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization is a document signed in 2004 by a number of non-profit organizations, scientists, academics and other individuals urging the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to focus on the needs of developing countries with respect to intellectual property legislation.
Khamis Kagasheki
Mr. Suedi joined the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in January 1990 and in October of the same year, he became Director for Relations with International Organizations and Promotion of Innovations in Developing Countries. In 1995, he became Director, Industrial Property Human Resources Development and Inter-Agency Affairs Department. In 1997, he became Director for the Office of Strategic Planning and Policy Development.
Google Patents
In 2013, it was expanded to cover World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), German Patent Office (, DPMA), Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), and China's National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA). All foreign patents were also translated to English and made searchable.
Intellectual Property Enterprise Court
Originally established in 1990 by an order made under Section 287 (1) of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, the intention was that the PCC should be a forum where simpler cases could be dealt with under a cheaper and more streamlined procedure than the High Court. In practice, following the Woolf Reforms of 1998, the streamlined procedure is now available in all courts. One remaining difference was that cases at the PCC can be argued by solicitors or patent attorneys, rather than having to be presented by separate qualified barristers.
African Regional Intellectual Property Organization
The African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), formerly African Regional Industrial Property Organization, is an intergovernmental organization for cooperation among African states in patent and other intellectual property matters. ARIPO was established by the Lusaka Agreement of 1976. It has the capacity to hear applications for patents and registered trademarks in its member states who are parties to the Harare (patents), Banjul (marks) and Arusha (plant varieties) protocols. ARIPO also features a protocol on the protection of traditional knowledge, the Swakopmund Protocol, signed in 2010 by 9 member states of the organization. However, that has not come into force yet, as of July 2013.
National Intellectual Property Administration
The National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA; ), also known as the Chinese Patent Office, is the patent office of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It was founded in 1980, as the Patent Office of the People's Republic of China, before changing its name to "State Intellectual Property Office" (SIPO), and then to "National Intellectual Property Administration". It is responsible "for patent work and comprehensively coordination of the foreign related affairs in the field of intellectual property".
UNION of European Practitioners in Intellectual Property
The UNION of European Practitioners in Intellectual Property, or UNION-IP, is a European association of practitioners in the field of intellectual property. It was founded in 1961 under the name was "UNION of European Patent Attorneys".
WIPO ST.3
WIPO ST.3 is the World Intellectual Property Organization standard for the two-letter codes of countries and other organizations, such as regional intellectual-property organizations. It generally follows ISO 3166-1 except for the non-country entries.
Member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization
WIPO currently has 191 member states. 186 of the UN Members as well as the Holy See, Niue and the Cook Islands are Members of WIPO. Non-members are the states of Kosovo, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, and the states with limited recognition. Palestine has observer status.
Intellectual Property Law Association of Chicago
The Intellectual Property Law Association of Chicago ("IPLAC") is the oldest intellectual property law association in the United States. Founded in Chicago in 1884 as the “Patent Law Association” and later incorporated on September 23, 1924 as the Patent Law Association of Chicago, it changed to its current name in the late 20th century to reflect the practice of its members within intellectual property law.
Philippine trademark law
On September 27, 1965, the Philippines adopted pertinent provisions of the Lisbon Act of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property by reference as part of the Intellectual Property Code. As a multilateral treaty, the Paris Convention seeks to “protect industrial property … and at the same time repress unfair competition”. It also “provides for the protection of internationally well-known marks” and “applications claiming the priority date of an earlier-filed application in Member Countries”.
Another treaty pertinent to intellectual property rights, particularly trademarks, is the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), which the Philippines ratified on December 16, 1994, and which treaty took effect only on January 1, 1995. Annexed to this is the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) which aims to “reduce distortions … in international trade … promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights…. [and] adhere to minimum standards of protection set by several conventions... The TRIPS Agreement seeks to grant adequate protection of intellectual property rights by creating a favorable economic environment to encourage the inflow of foreign investments, and strengthening the multilateral trading system to bring about economic, cultural, and technological independence.”
Intellectual Property Committee
The agreement on intellectual property which IPC was dedicated to finally arrived in 1994 as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) approved by the World Trade Organization at the end of the Uruguay Round.
Intellectual property in Iran
The Council of Ministers passed Decree H24305T/6921 in December 2003, ratifying Iran’s accession to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks and its protocol. In accordance with the agreement, nationals of any contracting country may secure protection for their marks in all the other acceding countries by registering them with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
WIPO Copyright Treaty
During the earlier stage of negotiations, the WCT was seen as a protocol to the Berne Convention, constituting an update of that agreement since the 1971 Stockholm Conference. However, as any amendment to the Berne Convention required unanimous consent of all parties, the WCT was conceptualized as an additional treaty which supplemented the Berne Convention. The collapse of negotiations around the extension of the Berne Convention during the 1980s saw the shifting of the forum to the GATT, resulting in the TRIPS Agreement. Thus, the nature of any copyright treaty by the World Intellectual Property Organization became considerably narrower, being limited to addressing the challenges posed by digital technologies.
Intellectual property
The Statute of Monopolies (1624) and the British Statute of Anne (1710) are seen as the origins of patent law and copyright respectively, firmly establishing the concept of intellectual property.
Q. Todd Dickinson
Dickinson was nominated for the position of Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office by President William Clinton on July 31, 1999, after having served in an acting capacity since January 1, 1999. He served from 1999-2001.
After leaving the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Dickinson joined the Washington, D.C. office of Howrey Simon Arnold & White, becoming co-chair of its intellectual property practice. He then joined General Electric as Vice President & Chief Intellectual Property Counsel. On 1 September 2008, he was named Executive Director of the American Intellectual Property Law Association. He remained in that position with the AIPLA until July 2014, when he resigned. In March 2015, he joined Novak Druce Connolly Bove + Quigg LLP as Global Chair of its Client Select Strategic Services Group. In the Spring of 2016, he joined Polsinelli along with 43 other attorneys from Novak Druce and is currently a Senior Partner in its intellectual property practice.
International Intellectual Property Alliance
IIPA works closely with the U.S. Trade Representative in compiling the annual Special 301 reviews of foreign countries that the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative considers to have inadequate protection of intellectual property rights. IIPA was the principal representative of the entertainment industry in assisting the U.S. government in the World Trade Organization (WTO) TRIPS negotiations, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) negotiations, and at the Diplomatic Conference leading to the completion in 1996 of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) "Internet" treaties—i.e., the Copyright Treaty and the Performances and Phonograms Treaty.