When was economist James Tobin born?
James Tobin
James Tobin (March 5, 1918 – March 11, 2002) was an American economist who served on the Council of Economic Advisers and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and taught at Harvard and Yale Universities. He developed the ideas of Keynesian economics, and advocated government intervention to stabilize output and avoid recessions. His academic work included pioneering contributions to the study of investment, monetary and fiscal policy and financial markets. He also proposed an econometric model for censored endogenous variables, the well-known "Tobit model". Tobin received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1981.
Tobin's q
Tobin's q (also known as q ratio and Kaldor's v) is the ratio between a physical asset's market value and its replacement value. It was first introduced by Nicholas Kaldor in 1966 in his article "Marginal Productivity and the Macro-Economic Theories of Distribution: Comment on Samuelson and Modigliani". It was popularised a decade later, however, by James Tobin, who describes its two quantities (1977):
Jim Tobin (activist)
In 1976, Tobin founded Taxpayers United of America. He has appeared on radio and TV programs including ABC, CBS, FOX, WGN and NBC news programs. His tax cutting activities have been the subject of articles by newspapers including the "Chicago Tribune", the "New York Times", "Washington Post", "Newsweek", "U.S. News & World Report", and the "Chicago Sun Times".
Tom O'Brien (swindler)
Tom O'Brien (c. 1851 − September 29, 1904) was an American confidence man and swindler during the late 19th century. He was popularly known as "King of the Banco Men", along with other prominent tricksters such as Joseph "Hungry Joe" Lewis and Charles P. Miller, and organized countless banco and confidence schemes throughout the United States, especially in New Orleans, Chicago and New York, as well as in Europe. He often partnered with a number of confidence and banco men such as Lon Ludlam, Red Adams, Frank Smith, Pete Carlisle, Ed Ray, Red Austin, Charley Hinnell, "Hungry Joe" Lewis and Reed Waddell. He later shot and killed Waddell in an argument over money following a scheme they had run in Paris, France.
National Liberal Club
It was at a debate at the club in 1971 that Yale professor James Tobin first publicly voiced his proposal for a "Tobin tax" on financial transactions.
Thomas Tobin
Sir Thomas Tobin (22 March 1807 – 9 January 1881) was a British merchant. He moved to Ballincollig in 1863 to become managing director of Ballincollig Royal Gunpowder Mills. He played an active part in the social and industrial life of Ballincollig and Cork until his death in 1881.
Jack Tobin (anthropologist)
Jack Adair Tobin, Ph.D. (June 15, 1920 – June 18, 2010) was an American anthropologist who devoted much of his life to the people of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Tobin tax
In March, 2002, London School of Economics Professor Willem Buiter, who studied under James Tobin, wrote an obituary for the man, but also remarked that, "This [Tobin Tax] ... was in recent years adopted by some of the most determined enemies of trade liberalisation, globalisation and the open society." Buiter added, "The proposal to use the Tobin tax as a means of raising revenues for development assistance was rejected by Tobin, and he forcefully repudiated the anti-globalisation mantra of the Seattle crowd." In September 2009, Buiter also wrote in the "Financial Times", "Tobin was a genius ... but the Tobin tax was probably his one daft idea".
James Tobin (presenter)
James Tobin (born 1 April 1980) is an Australian television presenter.
Bill Tobin (baseball)
William F. Tobin (October 10, 1854 in Hartford, Connecticut – October 10, 1912 in Hartford, Connecticut) was a first baseman in Major League Baseball in . He split the season between two teams, debuting in July with the Worcester Ruby Legs and ending the year with the Troy Trojans.
John M. Tobin Jr.
Tobin was born in Boston on August 31, 1969. He is the son of Jack and Kathy (Freeman) Tobin and is the oldest of six children. He grew up in Dorchester's Lower Mills neighborhood and in West Roxbury. Tobin attended the Charles H. Taylor Elementary School in Mattapan, St. Gregory’s School in Dorchester, and Holy Name School in West Roxbury. He is a 1987 graduate of Catholic Memorial High School in West Roxbury. Tobin received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of Massachusetts Boston.
James Tobin (disambiguation)
James Tobin was an American economist.
James Durbin
After two years at the department of applied economics in Cambridge, Durbin joined the London School of Economics in 1950 and was appointed professor of statistics in 1961, a post he held until his retirement in 1988.
Tobin tax
In February 2010, Tim Harford, writing in the Undercover Economist column of the "Financial Times", commented directly on the claims of Keynes and Tobin that 'taxes on financial transactions would reduce financial volatility'.
Edmund William Tobin
Born in Brompton Falls, Canada East, he was a lumber merchant and manufacturer who was President of the Lotbiniere Lumber Company in Lester, Quebec and President of the Trois-Pistoles Pulp Company in Trois-Pistoles, Quebec. He was Warden of the County of Richmond in 1897-98 and Mayor of Brompton Falls. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Richmond—Wolfe in the 1900 federal election. A Liberal, he would be re-elected every time for the next 7 elections until being summoned to the Senate of Canada on the advice of William Lyon Mackenzie King in 1930 representing the senatorial division of Victoria, Quebec. He would serve until his death in 1938.
Maurice Dobb
Maurice Herbert Dobb (24 July 1900 – 17 August 1976) was a British economist at Cambridge University and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He is remembered as one of the pre-eminent Marxist economists of the 20th century.
James Tobin (planter)
James Tobin (1736/7–1817) was an English merchant, and a plantation owner in Nevis. He is known as a controversialist defending slavery.
Tobin tax
In those same "years" that Buiter spoke of, the Tobin tax was also "adopted" or supported in varying degrees by the people who were not, as he put it, "enemies of trade liberalisation." Among them were several supporters from 1990 to 1999, including Larry Summers and several from 2000 to 2004, including lukewarm support from George Soros.
John Tobin (dramatist)
John Tobin (28 January 1770 – 7 December 1804) was a British playwright, who was for most of his life unsuccessful, but in the year of his death made a hit with "The Honey Moon". Other plays were "The Curfew" and "The School for Authors".
Tobin tax
James Tobin's purpose in developing his idea of a currency transaction tax was to find a way to manage exchange-rate volatility. In his view, "currency exchanges transmit disturbances originating in international financial markets. National economies and national governments are not capable of adjusting to massive movements of funds across the foreign exchanges, without real hardship and without significant sacrifice of the objectives of national economic policy with respect to employment, output, and inflation."
James Tobin (planter)
Tobin was one of a group of writers who defended the existing institution of slavery, based on experience in the Caribbean, that included also Samuel Estwick, Edward Long, Richard Nisbet who published "Slavery not Forbidden by Scripture" (1773), and Philip Thicknesse. He was drawn into controversy by the views of James Ramsay, expressed in "An Essay on the Treatment and Conversion of African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies" of 1784; and published a number of works:Tobin was addressed personally by Ramsay in "A Letter to James Tobin, Esq., late member of His Majesty's Council in the island of Nevis" (1787). He replied in:The 1786 "Essay on Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species" by Thomas Clarkson deals with Tobin as the "Cursory Remarker". In 1787, Ottobah Cugoano responded to a number of authors defending enslavement, including Tobin, in "Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil and Wicked Traffic of the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species". Olaudah Equiano replied to Tobin in 1788, in "The Public Advertiser", attacking two of his pamphlets, and also a related book from 1786 by Gordon Turnbull. Hector Macneill wrote positively about Tobin's "Cursory Remarks" in his "Observations on the Treatment of the Negroes in Jamaica" (1788).
John Tobin (Nova Scotia politician)
John Tobin (1810 – June 9, 1869) was an Irish-born merchant and politician in Nova Scotia. He represented Halifax Township from 1855 to 1859 and Halifax County from 1859 to 1867 in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia.
James Henry Coffin
James Henry Coffin (September 6, 1806 – February 6, 1873) was an American mathematician and meteorologist.
Jan Tinbergen
Jan Tinbergen (; ; April 12, 1903June 9, 1994) was an important Dutch economist. He was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of econometrics. It has been argued that the development of the first macroeconometric models, the solution of the identification problem, and the understanding of dynamic models are his three most important legacies to econometrics. Tinbergen was a founding trustee of Economists for Peace and Security. In 1945, he founded the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) and was the agency's first director.
James Mavor
James Mavor (December 8, 1854 – October 31, 1925) was a Scottish-Canadian economist. He served as a Professor of Political Economy of the University of Toronto from 1892 to 1923. His influence upon Canadian economic thought is traced to as late as the 1970s. He played a key role in resettling Doukhobor religious dissidents from the Russian Empire to Canada. He was also a noted arts promoter.
James Tobin
In 1950 Tobin moved to Yale University, where he remained for the rest of his career. He joined the Cowles Foundation, which moved to Yale in 1955, also serving as its president between 1955–1961 and 1964–1965. His main research interest was to provide microfoundations to Keynesian economics, with a special focus on monetary economics. One of his frequent collaborators was his Yale colleague William Brainard. In 1957 Tobin was appointed Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale.
James Tobin
Outside academia, Tobin was widely known for his suggestion of a tax on foreign exchange transactions, now known as the "Tobin tax". This was designed to reduce speculation in the international currency markets, which he saw as dangerous and unproductive.
Mario Monti
Monti studied at the private Leo XIII High School and attended Bocconi University of Milan, where he obtained a degree in economics in 1965. Later, he won a scholarship to Yale University where he studied under James Tobin, a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes ( ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. He built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and was one of the most influential economists of the 20th century. Widely considered the founder of modern macroeconomics, his ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, and its various offshoots.
Financial transaction tax
Although James Tobin had said his own Tobin tax idea was unfeasible in practice, a study on its feasibility commissioned by the German government 2002 concluded that the tax was feasible even at a limited scale within the European time zone without significant tax evasion. Joseph Stiglitz, former Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank, said, on 5 October 2009, that modern technology meant that was no longer the case. Stiglitz said, the tax is "much more feasible today" than a few decades ago, when Tobin recanted. However, on 7 November 2009, at the G20 finance ministers summit in Scotland, the head of the International Monetary Fund, Dominique Strauss-Khan, said, "transactions are very difficult to measure and so it's very easy to avoid a transaction tax." Nevertheless, in early December 2009, economist Stephany Griffith-Jones agreed that the "greater centralisation and automisation of the exchanges' and banks' clearing and settlements systems ... makes avoidance of payment more difficult and less desirable."
Jacques Duboin
Jacques Duboin (1878–1976) was a French economist.
James Coyne
James Elliott Coyne, (July 17, 1910 – October 12, 2012) was the second Governor of the Bank of Canada, from 1955 to 1961, succeeding Graham Towers. During his time in office, he had a much-publicized debate with Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, a debate often referred to as the "Coyne Affair" (or sometimes the "Coyne Crisis"), which led to his resignation and, eventually, to greater central-bank independence in Canada.
Tobit model
When asked why it was called the "Tobit" model, instead of Tobin, James Tobin explained that this term was introduced by Arthur Goldberger, either as a contraction of "Tobin probit", or as a reference to the novel "The Caine Mutiny", a novel by Tobin's friend Herman Wouk, in which Tobin makes a cameo as "Mr Tobit". Tobin reports having actually asked Goldberger which it was, and the man refused to say.
Jim Tobin
Tobin was born in Oakland, California, where the hometown Oakland Oaks of the Pacific Coast League picked him up. They sent him to their Bisbee-Douglas farm team in the Arizona–Texas League. The New York Yankees signed him shortly thereafter. He played for them in Binghamton and Wheeling in 1933 and 1934. The Yankees sent him back to Oakland in 1935, where he compiled an 11-8 record before tearing the cartilage in his left knee. Appendicitis kept him off the Yankee roster the following year, and he went 16-8 for the Oaks.
Thomas Tobin
On 6 June 1806, John's brother, Thomas, married Esther Watson, daughter of Richard Watson of Preston in Preston Church. They took up residence in Bold Street in Liverpool. At that time Bold Street had not become a shopping street but consisted of dwelling houses of well-to-do merchants, many of whom had their counting houses at the back. About halfway up the street Thomas Tobin, senior, lived in a fine house with a counting house behind. Thomas Tobin, senior, had a large family-six boys and six girls. The eldest of these were also called Thomas after his father and he was born on 22 March 1807, and was baptised in St. Peter's Church, Church Street, on 26 June 1807. Very little is known about the young Thomas upbringing, except, as the oldest son, he naturally became involved in his fathers business.
John M. Tobin (politician)
John M. "Jack" Tobin (October 25, 1885 – October 5, 1956) was an athlete and politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. John's East Extern in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1928 to 1932.
Jim Tobin (activist)
From 1979 to 1999, Tobin taught economics at Elmhurst College in Elmhurst, Illinois. His free market theories generate wide support from taxpayers who want economic prosperity and tax cuts.
Joseph Butler
Joseph Butler (18 May 1692 – 16 June 1752) was an English bishop, theologian, apologist, and philosopher. He was born in Wantage in the English county of Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). He is known, among other things, for his critique of Deism, Thomas Hobbes's egoism, and John Locke's theory of personal identity. Butler influenced many philosophers and religious thinkers, including David Hume, Thomas Reid, Adam Smith, Henry Sidgwick, John Henry Newman, and C. D. Broad, and is widely considered "as one of the preeminent English moralists." He also played an important, though under appreciated, role in the development of eighteenth-century economic discourse, greatly influencing the Anglican Dean of Gloucester and political economist Josiah Tucker.
Jim Tobin (activist)
Tobin gained notoriety in 1977, leading the first successful property tax strike in Illinois history.
James Tobin
Tobin was a trustee of Economists for Peace and Security.
John Tobin (Nova Scotia politician)
He was born in Gowran, County Kilkenny and came to North America in the 1820s, living in Newfoundland for a time and later moving to Halifax. In 1841, he married Catherine Walsh. Tobin established a wholesale and retail firm there. During his time in the assembly, he supported funding for Catholic schools in Nova Scotia. Tobin was defeated when he ran for a seat in the House of Commons in 1867 as a pro-Confederation candidate. He died in Halifax, apparently by suicide although the coroner's report was worded somewhat ambiguously. He was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery in Halifax.
James Duesenberry
James Stemble Duesenberry (July 18, 1918 – October 5, 2009) was an American economist. He made a significant contribution to the Keynesian analysis of income and employment with his 1949 doctoral thesis "Income, Saving and the Theory of Consumer Behavior". Kenneth Arrow believed that it offered "one of the most significant contributions of the postwar period to our understanding of economic behavior". His theory, however, later disappeared from standard textbooks, although some, such as Robert H. Frank, argue that it outperforms the alternative theories that displaced it in the 1950s.
James Tyson
James Tyson was born about 1820 in the Camden district (then called Cowpastures) of New South Wales, the son of William Tyson and Isabella Marie (née Coulsen).
There is disagreement over the date of his birth. Some sources say 11 April 1823 while others say 8 April 1819. At his death in 1898, he was described as being either 75 years of age or 81 years of age, suggesting an even wider range of possible birth dates.
Alan Heston
Heston was born October 18, 1934, and raised in Portland, Oregon. In 1955, he received his B.A. in Economics from the University of Oregon. He received his M.A. in Economics from the University of Washington in 1957. In 1962, he received his Ph.D. in Economics from Yale University, where he studied under James Tobin, the winner of the 1981 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes (; 5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book "Leviathan", which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory. In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy.
Tobin's q
In his 1966 paper "Marginal Productivity and the Macro-Economic Theory of Distribution: Comment on Samuelson and Modigliani" Nicholas Kaldor introduced this relationship as part of his broader theory, co-authored by Luigi Pasinetti, of a macroeconomic theory of distribution that was non-marginalist. This theory is today known as the ‘Cambridge Growth Model’ after the location (University of Cambridge, UK) where the theories was devised. In the paper Kaldor writes:
James Heckman
James Joseph Heckman (born April 19, 1944) is a Nobel Prize winning American economist who is currently at the University of Chicago, where he is The Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor in Economics and the College; Professor at the Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies; Director of the Center for the Economics of Human Development (CEHD); and Co-Director of Human Capital and Economic Opportunity (HCEO) Global Working Group. He is also Professor of Law at the Law School, a senior research fellow at the American Bar Foundation, and a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. In 2000, Heckman shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Daniel McFadden, for his pioneering work in econometrics and microeconomics. As of December 2018 (according to RePEc), he is the most influential economist in the world.
Don Dobie
James Donald Mathieson Dobie (28 July 1927 – 25 November 1996) was an Australian politician. Born in Glasgow in Scotland, he migrated to Australia as a child and was educated at Brisbane Grammar School, the University of Melbourne, and Columbia University in New York. He then became an economist with a private bank until 1966, when he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives for the Liberal Party, defeating Labor member Les Johnson for the seat of Hughes. A redistribution ahead of the 1969 election erased Dobie's majority and gave Labor a notional eight-percent majority—technically making it a safe Labor seat on paper. Believing this made Hughes unwinnable—especially with Johnson priming for a rematch—Dobie transferred to the new seat of Cook, created mostly out of the more Liberal-friendly eastern portion of Hughes. This move proved prescient, as Johnson retook Hughes for Labor on a large swing while Dobie narrowly won Cook.
Liam Tobin
Tobin was born in 1895 Cork, the eldest son of Mary Agnes ("nee" Butler) and David Tobin, a hardware clerk. Tobin had two younger siblings, Katherine and Nicholas Augustine Tobin, also born in Cork City. Tobin's family moved to John St. in Kilkenny and then to Dublin. Tobin went to school in Kilkenny and was an apprentice in a hardware shop at the time of the 1916 Rising. As a participant in the Easter Rising he fought in the Four Courts Garrison under Edward Daly. He was arrested and courtmartialed. He was sentenced to death and then had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment. He was a prisoner in Kilmainham, Mountjoy, Lewes, Dartmoor, Broadmoor and Pentonville prisons. He was released in June 1917.
James Tobin (planter)
Tobin travelled first to Nevis in 1758, to work in the family plantation business, at Stoney Grove Estate. From 1760 to 1782 he was there at least three times. He went back there in 1808. In 1817, the year of his death, there were 213 enslaved people on the Stoney Grove plantation.
James Meade
James Edward Meade, (23 June 1907 – 22 December 1995) was a British economist and winner of the 1977 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences jointly with the Swedish economist Bertil Ohlin for their "pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements."
James William Tobin
Tobin was named to the Executive Council in 1841 and became a member of the amalgamated legislature in 1842. In 1848, when the assembly and council were again split, he continued as a member of the Executive Council. In 1849, Tobin was named a special stipendiary and a customs inspector for St. George's. However, he was unpopular and was removed from these posts in 1853. In 1855, Tobin presented himself as a candidate for the Placentia and St. Mary's seat in the assembly; however, he withdrew his candidacy after he was named to the Legislative Council.
Anti-globalization movement
Although they may not recognize themselves as antiglobalists and are pro-capitalism, some economists who don't share the neoliberal approach of international economic institutions have strongly influenced the movement. Amartya Sen's "Development as Freedom" (Nobel Prize in Economics, 1999), argues that third world development must be understood as the expansion of human capability, not simply the increase in national income per capita, and thus requires policies attuned to health and education, not simply GDP. James Tobin's (winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics) proposal for a tax on financial transactions (called, after him, the Tobin tax) has become part of the agenda of the movement. Also, George Soros, Joseph E. Stiglitz (another Economic Sciences Nobel prize winner, formerly of the World Bank, author of Globalization and Its Discontents) and David Korten have made arguments for drastically improving transparency, for debt relief, land reform, and restructuring corporate accountability systems. Korten and Stiglitz's contribution to the movement include involvement in direct actions and street protest.
W. M. Gorman
William Moore "Terence" Gorman (17 June 1923 – 12 January 2003) was an Irish economist and academic. He was predominantly a theorist and is most famous for his work on aggregation and separability of goods, and in this context he developed his famous Gorman polar form. Gorman's career saw him a professor at such schools as Oxford, London School of Economics, Johns Hopkins, and Stanford, and he was honoured with the Presidency of the Econometric Society in 1972. His work was often highly technical and theoretical in nature, which made him incomprehensible to many of his contemporaries, but his keen eye for applications has given his work a lasting influence on modern economics.
Robert Theobald
Robert Theobald (June 11, 1929 – November 27, 1999) was a private consulting economist and futurist author. In economics, he was best known for his writings on the economics of abundance and his advocacy of a Basic Income Guarantee. Theobald was a member of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Triple Revolution in 1964, and later listed in the top 10 most influential living futurists in "The Encyclopedia of the Future".
Robert Theobald was born in India in 1929, the son of a British businessman. He moved to England at age 16 (1945), and received his higher education in economics at Cambridge, then lived for three years in Paris. Eventually he continued his studies at Harvard University, in the late 1950s.
Jim Tobin (activist)
Tobin was born in Chicago, Illinois. He earned a B.A. in economics with a minor in finance at St. Joseph College. After college, Tobin studied American history and earned an M.A. in international economics from Northern Illinois University in DeKalb.
Maurice J. Tobin
A men's dormitory facility on the Long Island Hospital campus on Long Island in Boston Harbor is dedicated to Tobin. The Tobin Building's cornerstone was laid on November 9, 1940. In 1967, the Mystic River Bridge was renamed the Maurice J. Tobin Memorial Bridge. An elementary school is named after Tobin in the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, where he was born. The Psychology Department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst is located in Tobin Hall.
Irving Fisher
James Tobin argued that the intellectual breakthroughs that marked the neoclassical revolution in economics occurred in Europe around 1870. The next two decades witnessed lively debates, which led to the new theory being more or less incorporated into the classical tradition that preceded it. In the 1890s, according to Joseph A. Schumpeter there emerged
Generalized Tobit
In econometrics, the generalized Tobit model is a generalization of the Tobit model named after James Tobin. It is also called the "Heckit" model after James Heckman. Another 
name is "type 2 Tobit model".
James Wilson (businessman)
James Wilson (3 June 1805 – 11 August 1860) was a Scottish businessman, economist, and Liberal politician who founded "The Economist" weekly and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, which merged with Standard Bank in 1969 to form Standard Chartered.
James Tobin
In 1935, on his father's advice, Tobin took the entrance exams for Harvard University. Despite no special preparation for the exams, he passed and was admitted with a national scholarship from the university. During his studies he first read Keynes' "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money", published in 1936. Tobin graduated "summa cum laude" in 1939 with a thesis centered on a critical analysis of Keynes' mechanism for introducing equilibrium involuntary unemployment. His first published article, in 1941, was based on this senior's thesis.
James O'Brien (Canadian politician)
Born in Aughnagar, County Tyrone, Ireland, O'Brien was educated there and moved to Canada in 1850. In 1858, he started business in the wholesale clothing and dry goods trade in Montreal. He retired from that business in 1893. He was a director of the Montreal City and District Savings Bank, the Royal Victoria Life Insurance Company, and also a member of the Board of Trade. He was a Life Governor of the Montreal General Hospital, of the Western and Notre Dame Hospitals, and a trustee of St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum, and a Governor of Université Laval. He was one of the founders of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association. He was appointed to the Senate representing the senatorial division of Victoria, Quebec on the advice of Mackenzie Bowell on January 2, 1896. A Liberal-Conservative, he served 7 years until his death in 1903.
James Tobin
Tobin immediately started graduate studies, also at Harvard, earning his M.A. degree in 1940. In 1941, he interrupted graduate studies to work for the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply and the War Production Board in Washington, D.C. The next year, after the United States entered World War II, he enlisted in the US Navy, spending the war as an officer on a destroyer, including, among possible others, the . At the end of the war he returned to Harvard and resumed studies, receiving his Ph.D. in 1947 with a thesis on the consumption function written under the supervision of Joseph Schumpeter. In 1947 Tobin was elected a Junior Fellow of Harvard's Society of Fellows, which allowed him the freedom and funding to spend the next three years studying and doing research.
James Torbitt
James Torbitt ( – 29 June 1895) was an Irish spirit merchant based in Belfast notable for his correspondence with Charles Darwin.
Jim Tobin
James Anthony Tobin (December 27, 1912 – May 19, 1969), known as "Abba Dabba", was a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball with the Pittsburgh Pirates, Boston Bees/Braves and Detroit Tigers from 1937 to 1945. With the Boston Braves in 1944, he pitched two no-hitters, although one of them was five innings, which was considered a no-hitter until 1991 when the MLB officially defined a no-hitter as having to be nine innings or longer.
Maurice J. Tobin
Tobin was born in Mission Hill, Boston, Massachusetts on May 22, 1901. Deeply rooted in the highly politicized Irish Catholic community, he was the oldest of four children of James Tobin, a carpenter, and Margaret Daly. He graduated from Boston College and worked for Conway Leather and New England Telephone before entering politics as a protégé of the legendary James Michael Curley. Tobin was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives at the age of 25 and served from 1927 to 1929.
John F. Tobin
John Frederick Tobin (January 1, 1880 – October 26, 1954) was an American college football player and coach. Tobin attended the University of Chicago, where he played college football under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg. He was a "star guard" for the Maroons during the 1904 season. In 1905, he served as head coach at Tulane University alongside assistant Harry Ludlow for the 1905 season. Tulane lost its only game, 5–0, that year. Tulane accused its opponent, LSU, of using ineligible players, and the disagreement resulted in a hiatus of the series until 1911. In October, he returned to play for the Chicago team. In December 1905, he accepted the position of athletic director at Tulane. Tobin graduated from Chicago in June 1906, and passed the Illinois bar examination. He was a member of the Delta Chi fraternity. In 1906, he intended to begin practicing law after coaching at the University of Utah during the upcoming season. He later worked as a judge in Utah. Tobin died of a heart attack on October 26, 1954, in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Stephen Tobin
Stephen Tobin (1836 – October 10, 1905) was a Canadian merchant and political figure. He represented Halifax in the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1874 as a Liberal member.
James Tobin
In his 1958 article Tobin also led the way in showing how to deal with utility maximization under uncertainty with an infinite number of possible states. As Palda explains "One way to get out of the mess of figuring out asset prices using a model of maximizing the expected utility of investing in stocks is to make assumptions about either preferences or the probabilities of the different possible states of the world. Nobellist James Tobin (1958) took this line and discovered that in some cases you do not need to worry about the utility of income in thousands of states, and the attached probabilities, to solve the consumer's choice on how to spread income among states. When preferences contain only a linear and a squared term (a case of diminishing returns) or the probabilities of different stock returns follow a normal distribution (an equation that contains a linear and squared terms as parameters), a simple formulation of a person's investment choices becomes possible. Under Tobin's assumptions we can reformulate the person's decision problem as being one of trading off risk and expected return. Risk, or more precisely the variance of your investment portfolio creates spread in the returns you expect. People are willing to assume more risk only if compensated by a higher level of expected return. One can thus think of a tradeoff people are willing to make between risk and expected return. They invest in risky assets to the point at which their willingness to trade off risk and return is equal to the rate at which they able to trade them off. It is difficult to exaggerate how brilliant is the simplification of the investment problem that flows from these assumptions. Instead of worrying about the investor's optimization problem in potentially millions of possible states of the world, one need only worry about how the investor can trade off risk and return in the stock market."
Tobin tax
Keynes' concept stems from 1936 when he proposed that a transaction tax should be levied on dealings on Wall Street, where he argued that excessive speculation by uninformed financial traders increased volatility. For Keynes (who was himself a speculator) the key issue was the proportion of 'speculators' in the market, and his concern that, if left unchecked, these types of players would become too dominant.
Michael Tobin (entrepreneur)
Michael Tobin (born 16 January 1964) is an English industry entrepreneur, businessman, author and philanthropist. He was CEO of FTSE 250 data centre operator Telecity Group. In 2014 he was awarded an OBE for his ‘services to the Digital Economy' in The Queen's Birthday Honours List.
Financial transaction tax
In 1972 the economist James Tobin proposed a tax on all spot conversions of one currency into another. The so-called Tobin tax is intended to put a penalty on short-term financial round-trip excursions into another currency. Tobin suggested his currency transaction tax in 1972 in his Janeway Lectures at Princeton, shortly after the Bretton Woods system effectively ended. In 2001, James Tobin looked back at the 1994 Mexican peso crisis, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and the 1998 Russian financial crisis, and said: "[My proposed] tax [idea] on foreign exchange transactions... dissuades speculators as many investors invest their money in foreign exchange on a very short-term basis. If this money is suddenly withdrawn, countries have to drastically increase interest rates for their currency to still be attractive. But high interest is often disastrous for a national economy, as the nineties' crises in Mexico, South East Asia and Russia have proven..."
Jimmy Tompkins (priest)
Reverend James John Tompkins (7 September 1870 – 5 May 1953) was a Roman Catholic priest who founded the Antigonish Movement, a progressive effort that incorporated adult education, cooperatives and rural community development to aid the fishing and mining communities of northern and eastern Nova Scotia, Canada. The Antigonish Movement later evolved into the Extension Department (now the Coady International Center) of St. Francis Xavier University.
Tobin tax
Although Tobin had said his own tax idea was unfeasible in practice, Joseph Stiglitz, former Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank, said, on October 5, 2009, that modern technology meant that was no longer the case. Stiglitz said, the tax is "much more feasible today" than a few decades ago, when Tobin recanted.
James C. Dobbin
James Cochran Dobbin (January 17, 1814 – August 4, 1857) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer who served as United States Secretary of the Navy from 1853 to 1857.
Thomas Joplin
He was born about 1790 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the second son of the timber merchant Thomas Joplin, who died in 1808. He was in business at the family firm in New Road with his elder brother William, as W. and T. Joplin & Co. He studied political economy.
James Newbery
James Cosmo Newbery (28 June 1843 – 1 May 1895), generally referred to as Cosmo Newbery or J. Cosmo Newbery, was a United States-educated Australian museum administrator and industrial chemist, and co-developer of the Newbery-Vautin chlorination process for gold extraction.
James Tobin
Tobin was born on March 5, 1918, in Champaign, Illinois. His father was Louis Michael Tobin, (b. 1879) a journalist working at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. His father had fought in World War I, was a member of the first Greek organization at Illinois (Delta Tau Delta fraternity Beta Upsilon chapter), and was credited as the inventor of 'Homecoming'. His mother, Margaret Edgerton Tobin (b. 1893), was a social worker. Tobin followed primary school at the University Laboratory High School of Urbana, Illinois, a laboratory school in the university's campus.
James Webbe Tobin
James Webbe Tobin (1767–1814) was an English abolitionist, the son of a plantation owner on Nevis. He was a political radical, and friend of leading literary men.
James Tobin (planter)
In February 1790 Tobin gave evidence to a parliamentary committee on the slave trade. A later work was "A Plain Man's Thoughts on the present Price of Sugar" (1792). In that year a bill to abolish the slave trade was defeated in the House of Commons.
Thomas Tobin
Shortly after taking up his position as managing director in 1835, Thomas married Catherine Ellis, daughter of Lister Ellis of Crofthead, Cumberland, on 12 September 1835.
They had one child, a son, Arthur Lionel, who was born in Ballincollig on 7 August 1837. Arthur became a lieutenant in the 23rd Royal Welch Fusiliers with whom he served in the Crimean War and in the Indian Mutiny. He was wounded in the thigh while fighting at the capture of Kaiserbogh, Lucknow (16 March 1858) and died on 12 October 1858. He was buried near Lucknow. Saddened by the death of their only son and child at 21 years of age, Tobin presented a stained glass window to St. Peter's Church, Carrigohane, to commemorate his son. He also presented a memorial to the Royal Welsh Fusiliers and endowed a boat in his son's name with the Royal National Lifeboat Institution of which Tobin himself was the local representative.
Thomas Tate Tobin
Thomas Tate Tobin was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on May 1, 1823 to Bartholomew Tobin, an Irish immigrant, and Sarah Autobees. Sarah, believed to have been a Delaware Indian, had been widowed before marrying Tobin. She brought her son Charles Autobees (later Autobee) into the marriage. A year later, the couple had a daughter Catherine together.
Thomas Joplin
This pamphlet launched a strong attack on the monopoly position of the Bank of England and proposed the setting up of joint stock banks. These ideas were subsequently taken up to a certain extent in the system initiated in 1828. It was followed by many others. In his book "Thomas Joplin and Classical Economics" (1993), Denis Patrick O'Brien shows that Joplin was ahead of his time in his use of formal models and empirically tested predictions.
James Coburn (Irish politician)
James Coburn (13 April 1889 – 5 December 1953), also known as "The Juker" Coburn, was an Irish politician. A builders foreman, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a National League Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Louth constituency at the June 1927 general election. He was re-elected at the September 1927 general election but became an independent TD in July 1931 following the disbandment of the National League Party. He was re-elected as an independent TD at the 1932 and 1933 general elections. At the 1937 general election he was re-elected as a Fine Gael TD for Louth. He was re-elected at each general election until the 1951 general election. His background as a builder led to Fianna Fáil supporters disrupting Coburn's rallies at election time by singing "A mason once again" to the tune of the Fine Gael anthem A Nation Once Again. He died during the 14th Dáil and the subsequent by-election on 3 March 1954 was won by his son George Coburn.
Lionel Robbins
Lionel Charles Robbins, Baron Robbins, (22 November 1898 – 15 May 1984) was a British economist, and prominent member of the economics department at the London School of Economics. He is known for his leadership at LSE, his proposed definition of economics, and for his instrumental efforts in shifting Anglo-Saxon economics from its Marshallian direction. He is famous for the quote, "Humans want what they can't have."
Jimmy Tobin
James Tobin (7 April 1898 - 12 July 1978) was an Irish hurler. Usually lining out at corner-back, he was a member of the Kilkenny team that won the 1922 All-Ireland Championship.
James William Tobin
The son of James Tobin, a Halifax merchant, and Eleanor Lanigan, he was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia but had moved to Newfoundland by 1828. Tobin formed a firm in partnership with John Bayley Bland in 1831 which operated a packet service between Halifax and St. John's, and was also involved in general inter-colonial trade. The partnership was dissolved in 1839 but Tobin continued operations in partnership with James B. Hutton. The new firm, James Tobin and Company, also became heavily involved in the seal fishery. In 1834, he married Emily Cecilia Bullen.
Peter J. Tobin
Peter J. Tobin (born 1944 in Bronx, New York) is an American businessman and philanthropist who is affiliated with the Republican Party. He has a wife Mary, a son Peter, and a daughter Kristin. He graduated with his Bachelor of Business Administration at St. John’s University in 1965. Tobin was most recognized as the Chief Financial Officer of Chase Manhattan Bank and CFO of Chemical Bank. He donated a generous amount to St. John’s University, where the business school was renamed in his honor. He has led several companies through successful mergers and acquisitions and has had a very successful career.
Charles Tobin
Charles Stuart Tobin (November 24, 1885 – May 30, 1924) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Tobin played 175 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). Amongst the PCHA teams he played for were the New Westminster Royals, Portland Rosebuds, Seattle Metropolitans, Vancouver Millionaires and Victoria Cougars.
James Tobin
In 1982–1983, Tobin was Ford Visiting Research Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1988 he formally retired from Yale, but continued to deliver some lectures as Professor Emeritus and continued to write. He died on March 11, 2002, in New Haven, Connecticut.
New Democratic Party candidates, 2006 Canadian federal election
During his time on Parliament Hill, Sader played a key role in helping the House of Commons to pass an NDP motion on the so-called "Tobin tax", making Canada the first legislature in the world to do so. Nobel Prize Laureat James Tobin developed the "Tobin tax", which proposes to tax on cross-border currency transactions to reduce economically harmful currency speculation, stabilize the global economy and currency system, and raise revenues for cash-strapped governments around the world. Sader promoted "practical economics" for ordinary consumers and citizens as a contributing editor of Lorne Nystrom's 1999 book, Just Making Change, which makes sense of complex financial issues.
Thomas William Dobbie
Thomas William Dobbie (November 13, 1829 – April 1, 1908) was a Canadian civil engineer, provincial land surveyor and political figure. He represented Elgin East in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.
James Dobbins (diplomat)
James Francis Dobbins, Jr. (born May 31, 1942) is an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to the European Union (1991–1993), as Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs (2001), and as Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (May 2013 – July 2014). He is a member of the American Academy of Diplomacy. He was envoy to Kosovo, Bosnia, Haiti, and Somalia. In 2001, he led negotiations leading to the Bonn Agreement. He was head of international and security policy for the RAND Corporation.
Thomas Hodgskin
Thomas Hodgskin (born 12 December 1787, Chatham, Kent; d. 21 August 1869, Feltham, Middlesex) was an English socialist writer on political economy, critic of capitalism and defender of free trade and early trade unions. (In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the term "socialist" included any opponent of capitalism, which was construed as a political system built on privileges for the owners of capital.)
William Brainard
Along with his frequent collaborator James Tobin, Brainard developed the theory of Tobin's q. The concept first appeared in Brainard and Tobin's 1968 article "Pitfalls in Financial Model Building" The letter "Q," however, was not introduced until Tobin's 1969 article "A general equilibrium approach to monetary theory." So, while references to "Q theory" generally carry only Tobin's name, Brainard and Tobin jointly introduced the concept. Brainard was co-editor with George Perry of the "Brookings Papers on Economic Activity" from 1980 through 2007, and continues to serve on its advisory panel.
James Bain (librarian)
James Bain (August 2, 1842 – May 22, 1908) was a Scottish-Canadian bookseller, publisher, and librarian. Born in London, England, his family emigrated to Toronto when he was 6 years old. After completing his education at the Toronto Grammar School, he went to work for his father who was a stationer and bookseller. He was active in the publishing industry both in England and in Canada, joining the firm John Nimmo & Son which later became Nimmo & Bain. He returned to Canada in 1882. After managing the fledgling Canada Publishing Company, Bain was selected in 1883 to become the first chief librarian of the Toronto Public Library. He held this position until his death in 1908.
Evan Durbin
Evan Frank Mottram Durbin (1 March 1906 – 3 September 1948) was a British economist and Labour Party politician, whose writings combined a belief in central economic planning with a conviction that the price mechanism of markets was indispensable.
James Tobin (planter)
He was born in London, the son of James Tobin Sr. of Nevis, identified tentatively in the ODNB with the sea captain James Tobin (1698–1770), as given in "Caribbeana". Educated at Westminster School, he took articles as a solicitor. After a period in Nevis, he returned in 1784 to Bristol. He was in business there, with John Pretor Pinney, and advocated for the planters' view of slavery. He was a member of the Bristol West India Association.
James Tobin
Besides teaching and research, Tobin was also strongly involved in the public life, writing on current economic issues and serving as an economic expert and policy consultant. During 1961–62, he served as a member of John F. Kennedy's Council of Economic Advisors, under the chairman Walter Heller, then acted as a consultant between 1962–68. Here, in close collaboration with Arthur Okun, Robert Solow and Kenneth Arrow, he helped design the Keynesian economic policy implemented by the Kennedy administration. Tobin also served for several terms as a member of the Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System Academic Consultants and as a consultant of the US Treasury Department.
Tobin tax
Wrobel's studies do not address the global economy as a whole, as James Tobin did when he spoke of "the nineties' crises in Mexico, South East Asia and Russia," which included the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico, the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, and the 1998 Russian financial crisis.
Absolute income hypothesis
In Economics, the Absolute Income Hypothesis concerns how a consumer divides his disposable income between consumption and saving It is part of the theory of consumption proposed by English economist John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946). The hypothesis has been refined extensively during the 1960s and 1970s, notably by American economist James Tobin (1918–2002).