When was The Wizard of Oz first published?
Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz
"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" is a 1900 children's novel written by American author L. Frank Baum. Since its first publication in 1900, it has been adapted many times: for film, television, theatre, books, comics, games, and other media.Many of the television programs cited in this list are not strict adaptions of "The Wizard of Oz"; rather, they have reinterpreted aspects of the book, such as characters and plot, to create sequels, prequels or side-plots, which are inspired by Baum's original text.
There are over 40 canonical Oz books, including 14 by Baum, all of which are considered "official" sequels or prequels to "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz". In addition, the following books use the Oz milieu as settings for their tales:Kevin Scott Collier. "The Wonderful Animated World of the Wizard of Oz: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly!" CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.
The Lost King of Oz
The Lost King of Oz (1925) is the nineteenth in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the fifth written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was Illustrated by John R. Neill.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2005) is a collection of three stories adapting the L.Frank Baum novel of the same name, written by David Chauvel with art by Enrique Fernandez
Tales of the Wizard of Oz
Tales of the Wizard of Oz is a 1961 animated television series produced by Crawley Films for Videocraft (later known as Rankin/Bass Productions). This is the second animated series produced by the studio, and the first by Rankin/Bass to feature traditional animation.
Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz
The phrase "The Wizard of Oz" was included in the title to coincide with the MGM film "The Wizard of Oz", which was released the same year the book was published. As such, the focus of the story is on characters who appeared in the first book. Thompson focuses the book most strongly on Jellia Jamb, though that character was unnamed in the first book and was absent from the film.
The Marvelous Land of Oz
The Marvelous Land of Oz: Being an Account of the Further Adventures of the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman, commonly shortened to The Land of Oz, published on July 5, 1904, is the second of L. Frank Baum's books set in the Land of Oz, and the sequel to "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900). This and the next 34 Oz books of the famous 40 were illustrated by John R. Neill. The book was made into an episode of "The Shirley Temple Show" in 1960, and into a Canada/Japan co-produced animated series of the same name in 1986. It was also adapted in comic book form by Marvel Comics; once in 1975 in the Marvel Treasury of Oz series, and again in an eight issue series with the first issue being released in November 2009. Plot elements from "The Marvelous Land of Oz" are included in the 1985 Disney feature film "Return to Oz".
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
The first two books written by Ruth Plumly Thompson, "The Royal Book of Oz" (published in 1921) and "Kabumpo in Oz" (published 1922), entered the public domain 75 years later (1997 and 1998, respectively) pursuant to the Copyright Act of 1976.
The next twelve books ("The Cowardly Lion of Oz" through "Speedy in Oz", published between 1923 and 1934) were still copyrighted when the 1998 Sonny Bono Act extended the copyright term a further twenty years, meaning works would now be copyrighted for 95 years. These twelve books of Thompson's are therefore still copyrighted, and will not begin entering the public domain until 2019. By 2030, all of them will be in the public domain.
The Wicked Witch of Oz
Cosgrove Payes had published her first Oz book, "The Hidden Valley of Oz", in 1951 with Reilly & Lee, the publisher of the Oz series since the time of Baum. "The Wicked Witch of Oz" would have been the next book in the series, and was intended for publication in 1954 but Reilly & Lee cancelled the project, since the Oz books were no longer selling well. The book remained unpublished until the International Wizard of Oz Club brought out the first edition in 1993, with illustrations by Eric Shanower. The club declared it book 45 in the series. In the documentary, "", Payes states that she refused all requests to read her manuscript with "not 'til it's a book."
Land of Oz
Originally, Baum did not intend for "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" to have any sequels, but it achieved a greater popularity than any of the other fairylands he created, including the land of Merryland in Baum's children's novel "Dot and Tot in Merryland", written a year later. Due to Oz's worldwide success, Baum decided to return to it four years after "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" was published. For the next two decades, he described and expanded upon the land in the Oz Books, a series which introduced many fictional characters and creatures. Baum intended to end the series with the sixth Oz book "The Emerald City of Oz" (1910), in which Oz is forever sealed off and made invisible to the outside world, but this did not sit well with fans, and he quickly abandoned the idea, writing eight more successful Oz books, and even naming himself the "Royal Historian of Oz."
Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz
Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" and its subsequent books, as well as its 1939 film adaptation. The series debuted on Boomerang SVOD on June 29, 2017. The series was picked up for the second and third seasons.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Baum wrote "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" without any thought of a sequel. After reading the novel, thousands of children wrote letters to him, requesting that he craft another story about Oz. In 1904, he wrote and published the first sequel, "The Marvelous Land of Oz", explaining that he grudgingly wrote the sequel to address the popular demand. Baum also wrote sequels in 1907, 1908, and 1909. In his 1911 "The Emerald City of Oz", he wrote that he could not continue writing sequels because Ozland had lost contact with the rest of the world. The children refused to accept this story, so Baum, in 1913 and every year thereafter until his death in May 1919, wrote an "Oz" book, ultimately writing 13 sequels. The "Chicago Tribune"s Russell MacFall wrote that Baum explained the purpose of his novels in a note he penned to his sister, Mary Louise Brewster, in a copy of "Mother Goose in Prose" (1897), his first book. He wrote, "To please a child is a sweet and a lovely thing that warms one's heart and brings its own reward." After Baum's death in 1919, Baum's publishers delegated the creation of more sequels to Ruth Plumly Thompson who wrote 21. An original "Oz" book was published every Christmas between 1913 and 1942. By 1956, five million copies of the "Oz" books had been published in the English language, while hundreds of thousands had been published in eight foreign languages.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" is considered the first American fairy tale because of its references to clear American locations such as Kansas and Omaha. Baum agreed with authors such as Carroll that fantasy literature was important for children, along with numerous illustrations, but he also wanted to create a story that had recognizable American elements in it, such as farming and industrialization.
Sam Steele's Adventures on Land and Sea
In the years around the turn of the twentieth century (1897–1905), Baum had succeeded in establishing himself as a popular author of children's books, most notably with "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900). By the middle of the twentieth century's first decade, he was working diligently to branch out into other markets. In 1905 he released his first adult novel, "The Fate of a Crown" (as the work of "Schuyler Staunton"); in 1906 he issued his first books for adolescent girls, "Annabel" (as by "Suzanne Metcalf") and "Aunt Jane's Nieces" (by "Edith Van Dyne"), as well as his first book for boys. The 1906 "Sam Steele" title was the first book in a projected series; "Capt. Fitzgerald" followed up with "Sam Steele's Adventures in Panama" in 1907.
The Royal Book of Oz
The Royal Book of Oz (1921) is the fifteenth in the series of Oz books, and the first, by Ruth Plumly Thompson, to be written after L. Frank Baum's death. Although Baum was credited as the author, it was written entirely by Thompson. Beginning in the 1980s, some editions have correctly credited Thompson, although the cover of the 2001 edition by Dover Publications credits only Baum. The original introduction claimed that the book was based on notes by Baum, but this has been disproved. Baum's surviving notes, known as "An Oz Book" are known from four typewritten pages found at his publisher's, but their authenticity as Baum's work has been disputed. Even if genuine, they bear no resemblance to Thompson's book.
The Wizard of Linn
The Wizard of Linn is a science fiction novel by Canadian American writer A. E. van Vogt, a sequel to "Empire of the Atom". The novel was originally serialized in the science fiction magazine "Astounding Science Fiction" (April - June 1950). It was first published in book form in Germany in 1961 by Terra Sonderband, as "Der Zauberer von Linn".
The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)
According to Ben Mankiewicz, the host of Turner Classic Movies, the film was poorly received by critics and audiences in 1925. However, Mordaunt Hall of "The New York Times" gave it a favorable review at the time, writing "'The Wizard of Oz' can boast of being the type of rough and tumble farce that sends bright faces from the theatre." The Chicago-based publication "Photoplay", one of the first American film fan magazines, highly recommended the film to its large readership in 1925, warning "If you don’t take your children to see this, they will never forgive you." The magazine then adds in its review, "Nothing quite so funny as Larry Semon in the role of the "Scarecrow" has happened in a long time...and the biggest grouch in the world will get a laugh out of Larry's antics with the lions."
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" has become an established part of multiple cultures, spreading from its early young American readership to becoming known throughout the world. It has been translated or adapted into well over fifty languages, at times being modified in local variations. For instance, in some abridged Indian editions, the Tin Woodman was replaced with a horse. In Russia, a translation by Alexander Melentyevich Volkov produced six books, "The Wizard of the Emerald City" series, which became progressively distanced from the Baum version, as Ellie and her dog Totoshka travel throughout the Magic Land. The 1939 film adaptation has become a classic of popular culture, shown annually on American television from 1959 to 1991 and then several times a year every year beginning in 1999. More recently, the story has become an American stage production with an all-black cast, set in the context of modern African-American culture.
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
Thompson did not renew the copyright on her last five canonical books: "The Wishing Horse of Oz", "Captain Salt in Oz", "Handy Mandy in Oz", "The Silver Princess in Oz", and "Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz". Thus, these books entered the public domain 28 years after publication, between 1963 and 1967.
Congress amended the copyright law in 1992 so there would subsequently be automatic renewals of copyright. Therefore, the copyright on Thompson's deutero-canonical books "Yankee in Oz" (published in 1972) and "The Enchanted Island of Oz" (published in 1976) will not expire until 2068 and 2072 respectively.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, known in Japan as , is a Japanese anime television series adaptation based on four of the original Oz books by L. Frank Baum. In Japan, the series aired on TV Tokyo from 1986 to 1987. It consists of 52 episodes, which explain other parts of the Oz stories, including the events that happened after Dorothy returned home.
The Wishing Horse of Oz
The Wishing Horse of Oz (1935) is the twenty-ninth in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the fifteenth written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was Illustrated by John R. Neill. This book marked the point at which Thompson had written more Oz books than Baum himself.
The Magic of Oz
The Magic of Oz: A Faithful Record of the Remarkable Adventures of Dorothy and Trot and the Wizard of Oz, Together with the Cowardly Lion, the Hungry Tiger and Cap'n Bill, in Their Successful Search for a Magical and Beautiful Birthday Present for Princess Ozma of Oz is the thirteenth Land of Oz book written by L. Frank Baum. Published on June 7, 1919, one month after the author's death, "The Magic of Oz" relates the unsuccessful attempt of the Munchkin boy Kiki Aru and former Nome King Ruggedo to conquer Oz.
List of Oz books
The Oz books form a book series that begins with "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900) and relate the fictional history of the Land of Oz. Oz was created by author L. Frank Baum, who went on to write fourteen full-length Oz books. All of the Baum written books are in the public domain in the United States. Even while he was alive, Baum was styled as "the Royal Historian of Oz" to emphasize the concept that Oz is an actual place. The illusion created was that characters such as Dorothy and Princess Ozma related their adventures in Oz to Baum themselves, by means of wireless telegraph.
Wizard's First Rule
Wizard's First Rule, written by Terry Goodkind, is the first book in the epic fantasy series "The Sword of Truth". Published by Tor Books, it was released on August 15, 1994 in hardcover, and in paperback on July 15, 1997. The book was also re-released with new cover artwork by Keith Parkinson in paperback on June 23, 2001. The novel was adapted to television in the 2008 television series "Legend of the Seeker".
The Enchanted Island of Oz
The Enchanted Island of Oz is a children's novel written by Ruth Plumly Thompson and illustrated by Dick Martin, and first published in 1976. As its title indicates, the book is an entry in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors. It is the last (and shortest) of Thompson's 21 novels about the Land of Oz.
The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)
"The Wizard of Oz" was first turned into a musical extravaganza by L. Frank Baum himself. A loose adaptation of Baum's 1900 novel (there is no Wicked Witch or Toto, and there are some new characters), it first played in Chicago in 1902 and was a success on Broadway the following year. It then toured for seven years. The 1939 film adaptation bore a closer resemblance to the storyline of Baum's original novel than most previous versions. It was a strong success, won the Academy Awards for best song and best score, and has been frequently broadcast on television. This was followed, in 1945, by a musical theatre adaptation presented at the St. Louis Municipal Opera (MUNY). The script was adapted by Frank Gabrielson from the novel, but it is influenced in some respects by the motion picture script and uses most of the songs from the film. A new song was added for Dorothy to sing in the Emerald City, called "Evening Star", and the Wizard goes home in a rocket ship instead of a hot air balloon. The MUNY version continues to receive frequent revivals.
The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road
The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road, known in Japan as RIZ-ZOAWD, is a role-playing video game developed by Japanese developer Media.Vision for the Nintendo DS. The game is an adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", using its characters, locations and plot. The game was originally published in Japan by D3 Publisher on December 25, 2008. Xseed Games published the game in North America on September 29, 2009.
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
"The Marvelous Land of Oz", which was published in 1904, followed suit and entered public domain in 1960.
The Hidden Prince of Oz
The publication of the book was timed to coincide with the centennial of the original Oz book, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (as was also true of Edward Einhorn's "Paradox in Oz" and Dave Hardenbrook's "The Unknown Witches of Oz"). It was the winner of the Club's Centennial book contest, which received over 100 entries in 1998.
Wizard (Archie Comics)
The Wizard is a fictional superhero character created by Will Harr and Edd Ashe, Jr. for MLJ Comics, which later became Archie Comics. He first appeared in "Top-Notch Comics #1" in December 1939, and he was one of the headliners of that title until its cancellation in 1944. He was one of the earliest superhero characters to appear after the debut of Superman in 1938.
Father Goose: His Book
Father Goose: His Book is a collection of nonsense poetry for children, written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, and first published in 1899. Though generally neglected a century later, the book was a groundbreaking sensation in its own era; "once America's best-selling children's book and L. Frank Baum's first success," "Father Goose" laid a foundation for the writing career that soon led to "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" and all of Baum's later work.
The Lost Princess of Oz
The Lost Princess of Oz is the eleventh canonical Oz book written by L. Frank Baum. Published on June 5, 1917, it begins with the disappearance of Princess Ozma, the ruler of Oz and covers Dorothy and the Wizard's efforts to find her. The introduction to the book states that its inspiration was a letter a little girl had written to Baum: "I suppose if Ozma ever got hurt or losted, everybody would be sorry."
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
The McGraws' canonical book, "Merry Go Round in Oz", was published in 1963. No renewal was needed, so it will enter the public domain in 2059. It will be the last book in the Famous Forty to enter the public domain.
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz." Directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over the troubled production of "Gone with the Wind"), the film stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, Frank Morgan, Billie Burke and Margaret Hamilton with Charley Grapewin, Pat Walshe, Clara Blandick, Terry (billed as Toto) and Singer's Midgets as the Munchkins.
Tik-Tok of Oz
Tik-Tok of Oz is the eighth Land of Oz book written by L. Frank Baum, published on June 19, 1914. The book actually has little to do with Tik-Tok and is primarily the quest of the Shaggy Man (introduced in "The Road to Oz") to rescue his brother, and his resulting conflict with the Nome King.
Tin Woodman
The Tin Woodman, better known as either the Tin Man or (incorrectly) the Tin Woodsman (the third name appears only in adaptations, the first—and in rare instances, the second—was used by Baum), is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum. Baum's Tin Woodman first appeared in his classic 1900 book "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", and reappeared in many other subsequent Oz books in the series. In late 19th-century America, men made out of various tin pieces were used in advertising and political cartoons. Baum, who was editing a magazine on decorating shop windows when he wrote "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", was reportedly inspired to invent the Tin Woodman by a figure he had built out of metal parts for a shop display.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2009) is an eight-issue comic book limited series adapting the L. Frank Baum novel of the same name. The series was written by Eric Shanower with art by Skottie Young and published by Marvel Comics.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Baum dedicated the book "to my good friend & comrade, My Wife," Maud Gage Baum. In January 1901, George M. Hill Company completed printing the first edition, a total of 10,000 copies, which quickly sold out. "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" sold three million copies by the time it entered the public domain in 1956.
The International Wizard of Oz Club
The club has published many of Baum's rarer books, including "Animal Fairy Tales", "Aunt Jane's Nieces", and "Twinkle and Chubbins". It published two Oz books by Ruth Plumly Thompson and one each by Rachel Cosgrove and the team of Eloise Jarvis McGraw and Lauren Lynn McGraw. In 2000, it put out its first new Oz book not linked to the original series: Gina Wickwar's "The Hidden Prince of Oz", with illustrations by Anna-Maria Cool. A Wickwar/Cool sequel followed in 2007, "Toto of Oz." That same year it published "The Collected Short Stories of L. Frank Baum." In addition, the Club has published a set of color-printed maps of The Marvelous Land of Oz and Countries Surrounding the Land of Oz, as well as new editions of short stories by L. Frank Baum and Ruth Plumly Thompson. Its best-selling publication is "Bibliographia Oziana" by Douglas G. Greene and Peter E. Hanff, which provides bibliographical descriptions of the original Oz series.
Princess Ozma
Princess Ozma is a fictional character from the Land of Oz, created by American author L. Frank Baum. She appears in every book of the Oz series except the first, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900).
The Marvelous Land of Oz (comics)
The Marvelous Land of Oz is a comic book series published by American company Marvel Comics based on "The Marvelous Land of Oz" book written by L. Frank Baum. It is an eight issue limited series written by Eric Shanower, penciled by Skottie Young, and colored by Jean-Francois Beaulieu. It is a sequel to a previous adaptation of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" from the same team.
The Wizard of Oz (1982 film)
Unlike most japanese animated movies, it was first released in the United States; the English dialogue was recorded first and released in North America on October 6, 1982, and the Japanese-dubbed version was not released in Japan until 1986. The English version of this film was edited by Johann Lowenberg and produced and directed by John Danylkiw appeared on television in the United States in 1982. Alan L. Gleitsman was the executive producer of Alan Enterprises, which did the English dub for the North American release. New Hope Entertainment was also involved in producing the English dubbed version. It was distributed in English-speaking countries and territories, including the United States and Canada, by Alan Enterprises. Paramount Home Video released the English dubbed version on VHS, Betamax, Laserdisc, and CED in the 1980s.
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
The McGraws co-wrote another Oz book, "The Forbidden Fountain of Oz", which was published in 1980. Its copyright lasts for seventy years after the death of last living author. Lauren McGraw is still alive, so "The Forbidden Fountain of Oz" will enter the public domain seventy years after her death. Since it will remain copyrighted until at least 2085, it will be the last deutero-canonical work to enter the public domain.
Wizards (Asimov anthology)
Wizards is an anthology of themed fantasy and science fiction short stories on the subject of wizards edited by Isaac Asimov, Martin H. Greenberg and Charles G. Waugh. The first volume in their Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy series, it was first published in paperback by Signet/New American Library in October 1983. It was later gathered together with "Witches", the second book in the series, into the omnibus hardcover collection "Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy: Witches & Wizards" (1985).
The Wizard of Zao
The Wizard of Zao is a fantasy novel written by Lin Carter, the second book of the Chronicles of Kylix series. It was first published in paperback by DAW Books in June 1978.
The Magic Cloak of Oz
"The Magic Cloak of Oz" had distribution problems, owing to the box office failure of "The Patchwork Girl of Oz". Advertisements claimed that the film would be released September 28, 1914, by Paramount Pictures, but this apparently never occurred, though it was apparently released in its entirety in 1917. It was eventually reduced from a five-reel film to two two-reel films known as "The Magic Cloak" and "The Witch Queen". The current prints are assembled from these two films, and so the film is incomplete. All of its titles are missing, and "The Magic Cloak" title card, which is not in The Oz Film Manufacturing Company style, is used without any additional credits. Its only allusion to Oz is a title card's claim that the fairies of Burzee are "fairies of Oz".
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" has been adapted to other media numerous times, most famously in "The Wizard of Oz", the 1939 film starring Judy Garland, Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, and Bert Lahr. Until this version, the book had inspired a number of now less well known stage and screen adaptations, including a profitable 1902 Broadway musical and three silent films. The 1939 film was considered innovative because of its songs, special effects, and revolutionary use of the new Technicolor.
Wizard (DC Comics)
The Wizard first appeared in All Star Comics #34 (April–May 1947) in the story titled "The Wiles of The Wizard" written by his creators Gardner Fox with art by Irwin Hasen.
Gerald Duckworth
In 1898, Duckworth founded the publishing company which bears his name, Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd, in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. In his first year, 1898–99, he published Henry James's "In the Cage"; Leslie Stephen's "English Literature and Society in the Eighteenth Century"; "Jocelyn" by John Sinjohn, a nom-de-plume of John Galsworthy; a translation of August Strindberg's "Der Vater"; and "Mother Goose in Prose", the first children's book by L. Frank Baum, and the first book illustrated by Maxfield Parrish. (Baum's most famous work, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", was published in Chicago just a year later.)
Land of Oz
The fictional Land of Oz is a magical country first introduced in the classic children's novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900).
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
"The Hidden Valley of Oz" was published by Rachel Cosgrove in 1951, had the copyright renewed, and therefore will enter public domain in 2047.
Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Political interpretations of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published in 1900) as an allegory or metaphor for the political, economic, and social events of America in the 1890s. Scholars have examined four quite different versions of Oz: the novel of 1900, the Broadway play of 1901, the Hollywood film of 1939, and the numerous follow-up Oz novels written after 1900 by Baum and others.
Maud Gage Baum
Beginning in 1900, her husband's best-selling picture book, "" (first published in 1899), brought the family financial security that it had theretofore lacked. They began spending their summers at a cottage in Macatawa Park, Michigan. In November of that year, Frank transferred to Maud the literary rights of his most recent books, including "Father Goose" and "From Kansas to Fairyland" (later published as "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"). By dint of Frank's literary successes, Maud and Frank were financially secure enough to tour Egypt and Europe for six months. Since Frank was frequently occupied with penning stories for his publishers, Maud was the one who wrote numerous letters home. These letters were later published in 1907 as "In Other Lands Than Ours" for friends and family. After Frank died, she authorized Ruth Plumly Thompson to write more Oz sequels and helped promote MGM's film "The Wizard of Oz" (1939). In 1953, she died at 91 years of age, surviving her husband by 34 years.
The Magical Mimics in Oz
The first edition of "Magical Mimics" was not a commercial success; a backlog of unsold copies delayed the next Oz book, originally projected for 1947, until 1949. Kramer's illustrations for "Magical Mimics" have been criticized as deficient. "Magical Mimics" had been out of print for decades when the International Wizard of Oz Club issued a reprint in 1990, with a useful Afterword by Michael Gessel. Other editions followed, from Books of Wonder (1991) and Kessinger (2007).
Wicked (Maguire novel)
Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West is a novel published in 1995 written by Gregory Maguire and illustrated by Douglas Smith. It is a revisionist exploration of the characters and land of Oz from L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", its sequels, and the 1939 film adaption "The Wizard of Oz". Unlike the popular 1939 movie and Baum's writings, this novel is not for children; it contains adult language and content, including violent imagery and sexual situations. The novel presents events, characters and situations from Baum's books and the film in new ways, making numerous alterations.
Eric Shanower
He wrote adaptations of L. Frank Baum's first six original Oz novels for Marvel Comics, illustrated by artist Skottie Young. The first, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" was released in a hardcover collection on September 2, 2009. The follow-up, "The Marvelous Land of Oz" began in November 2009 as an 8 issue monthly comic series, while the third mini i.e. "Ozma of Oz" began in November 2010. The fourth and fifth books, "Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz" and "The Road to Oz", were also subsequently adapted by Shanower and Young for Marvel Illustrated. The collaboration concluded with their adaptation of the sixth book, "The Emerald City of Oz".
Return to Oz
Return to Oz is a 1985 fantasy film directed and written by Walter Murch, co-written by Gill Dennis and produced by Paul Maslansky. It stars Nicol Williamson, Jean Marsh, Piper Laurie, and Fairuza Balk as Dorothy Gale in her first screen role. The film is an unofficial sequel to the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) film "The Wizard of Oz," and is based on L. Frank Baum's Oz novels, mainly "The Marvelous Land of Oz" (1904) and "Ozma of Oz" (1907). In the plot, Dorothy returns to the Land of Oz to find it has been overthrown by the villainous Nome King, and must restore it with her new friends Tik-Tok, Jack Pumpkinhead, and Princess Ozma.
The Sea Fairies
Baum had decided to end the Oz series with "The Emerald City of Oz" in 1910, after six installments over the first decade of the twentieth century. "The Sea Fairies" was intended to be the first in a new series of fantasy novels, which Baum and Reilly & Britton continued the next year with "Sky Island." Unfortunately for author and publisher, the two volumes of the new projected series did not meet with the same success as the Oz books previously had. The first edition of "The Sea Fairies" sold 12,400 copies in its initial year on the market, where "The Emerald City of Oz" had sold 20,000. Even when Baum's books experienced a major resurgence in interest and sales in 1918, "The Sea Fairies" sold only 611 copies that year while the Oz books and even Baum's non-Oz works were selling thousands of copies.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (disambiguation)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a fantasy novel written by L. Frank Baum.
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
Snow published two canonical Oz books: "The Magical Mimics in Oz" in 1946, and "The Shaggy Man of Oz" in 1949. The copyright was never renewed on either of these, so they entered the public domain in 1974 and 1977, respectively. They are the last two Oz books that entered the public domain.
Little Wizard Stories of Oz
Four of the "Little Wizard Stories" were re-issued in 1932 in a new form, as "The Little Oz Books with Jig Saw Oz Puzzles". A year or two later the four tales were released again, as part of a promotion for a "Wizard of Oz" radio program (sponsored by Jell-O). Rand McNally published the six stories in three booklets in 1939.
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
After the preview in San Luis Obispo in early July, the film was officially released in August 1939 at its current 101-minute running time.
The Oz Kids
The Oz Kids is an American animated fantasy comedy-drama television series produced by Hyperion Animation based on "The Wizard of Oz", L. Frank Baum's classic children's novel, and its various sequels, and was first broadcast on September 14, 1996 on ABC.
L. Frank Baum
In 1900, Baum and Denslow (with whom he shared the copyright) published "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" to much critical acclaim and financial success. The book was the best-selling children's book for two years after its initial publication. Baum went on to write thirteen more novels based on the places and people of the Land of Oz.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
A new edition of the book appeared in 1944, with illustrations by Evelyn Copelman. Although it was claimed that the new illustrations were based on Denslow's originals, they more closely resemble the characters as seen in the famous 1939 film version of Baum's book.
Tik-Tok of Oz
"Tik-Tok of Oz" was more modestly produced than earlier Oz books, with twelve color plates instead of sixteen. Its first edition sold a little over 14,000 copies — a respectable figure, but 3,000 fewer than "The Patchwork Girl of Oz" had done the year before. Baum's books were facing stiff new competition — from his own earlier books. The reprint house M. A. Donohue & Co. had purchased the rights to several early Baum works from Bobbs-Merrill, and was marketing cut-rate editions. People were less willing to pay the usual $1.25 for a new Oz book, when the original "Wizard of Oz" was selling for $0.35.
Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz
Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (1939) is the thirty-third in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the nineteenth and last written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was illustrated by John R. Neill.
Wizard of Oz experiment
A final point: Dr. Kelley's recollection of the coinage of the term is backed up by that of the late professor Al Chapanis. In their 1985 University of Michigan technical report, Green and Wei-Haas state the following: 
"The first appearance of the "Wizard of Oz" name in print was in Jeff Kelley's thesis (Kelley, 1983a, 1983b, 1984a). It is thought the name was coined in response to a question at a graduate seminar at Hopkins (Chapanis, 1984; Kelley, 1984b). "What happens if the subject sees the experimenter [behind the "curtain" in an adjacent room acting as the computer]?" Kelley answered: "Well, that's just like what happened to Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz." And so the name stuck." (Cited by permission.)
Queen Zixi of Ix
Queen Zixi of Ix, or The Story of the Magic Cloak, is a children's book written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by Frederick Richardson. It was originally serialized in the early 20th-century American children's magazine "St. Nicholas" from November 1904 to October 1905, and was published in book form later in 1905 by The Century Company. The events of the book alternate between Noland and Ix, two neighboring regions to the Land of Oz, and Baum himself commented this was the best book he had written. In a letter to his eldest son, Frank Joslyn Baum, he said it was "nearer to the "old-fashioned" fairy tale than anything I have yet accomplished," and in many respects, it adheres more closely to the fairy tale structure than the Oz books.
Little Wizard Stories of Oz
None of the new series was as successful as the previous Baum and Van Dyne series; the Oz books and "Aunt Jane's Nieces". Both the "Flying Girl" and "Daring Twins" series ended with their second volumes, "The Flying Girl and Her Chum" and "Phoebe Daring", both published in 1912. Disappointing sales through 1911 and 1912 convinced Baum and Reilly & Britton that a return to Oz was needed. Baum wrote "The Patchwork Girl of Oz" for a 1913 release, and in the same year his publisher issued the six "Little Wizard" stories in individual booklets at a cost of $0.15 each. The goal was to reach the youngest beginning readers, and create in them an interest in the larger Oz canon, as part of a "promotion of L. Frank Baum and all of his books."
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1910 American silent fantasy film and the earliest surviving film version of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", made by the Selig Polyscope Company without Baum's direct input. It was created to fulfill a contractual obligation associated with Baum's personal bankruptcy caused by "The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays", from which it was once thought to have been derived. It was partly based on the 1902 stage musical "The Wizard of Oz", though much of the film deals with the Wicked Witch of the West, who does not appear in the musical.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz () is an American children's novel written by author L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900. It has since seen several reprints, most often under the title The Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular 1902 Broadway musical adaptation as well as the iconic 1939 musical film adaptation.
Yankee in Oz
Yankee in Oz is a 1972 Oz novel by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was the first published by The International Wizard of Oz Club. A letter from the Henry Regnery Company, which bought Reilly & Lee, is reproduced in the front indicating the publisher's blessing for the new Oz book to appear. It was originally written in 1959, but because the Oz books were not selling, it was not published. The first two editions of the book were published in 8½ x 11 inch format and running only 94 pages. This was done at the request of illustrator Dick Martin to reduce the number of required illustrations and to show them closer to the actual size they were drawn. The second printing (1986) featured a new cover, with the first edition artwork reprinted preceding the title page. The third printing (2007) is standard Oz book size. Its cover is a gaudier redesign of the second edition cover. The book also features maps by James E. Haff, and as such, Thompson correctly places the Winkie Country in the west of Oz.
Wizards (anthology)
Wizards: Magical Tales from the Masters of Modern Fantasy is a fantasy anthology edited by American writers Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. It was first published in hardcover by Berkley Books in 2008 and in paperback by Ace Books in 2008.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
The story chronicles the adventures of a young farm girl named Dorothy in the magical Land of Oz, after she and her pet dog Toto are swept away from their Kansas home by a cyclone. The novel is one of the best-known stories in American literature and has been widely translated. The Library of Congress has declared it "America's greatest and best-loved homegrown fairytale." Its groundbreaking success and the success of the Broadway musical adapted from the novel led Baum to write thirteen additional Oz books that serve as official sequels to the first story.
The Making of The Wizard of Oz
The book was published in November 1977, after the film had been telecast a total of nineteen times. With 93 photos, the book tells readers how the film was made and describes the Golden Era of moviemaking in the 1930s and 1940s at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Some critics have suggested that Baum may have been inspired by Australia, a relatively new country at the time of the book's original publication. Australia is often colloquially spelled or referred to as "Oz". Furthermore, in "Ozma of Oz" (1907), Dorothy gets back to Oz as the result of a storm at sea while she and Uncle Henry are traveling by ship to Australia. Like Australia, Oz is an island continent somewhere to the west of California with inhabited regions bordering on a great desert. One might imagine that Baum intended Oz to be Australia, or perhaps a magical land in the center of the great Australian desert.
The Making of The Wizard of Oz
The Making of the Wizard Of Oz, written by film historian Aljean Harmetz, is a book about the production of the 1939 film "The Wizard of Oz". It was the second book ever published documenting the making of this film, released a year after Doug McClelland's 1976 work "Down the Yellow Brick Road".
The Wizard of Venus
"The Wizard of Venus" was first published in the 1964 Burroughs collection "Tales of Three Planets" together with the unrelated tales "The Resurrection of Jimber-Jaw", "Beyond the Farthest Star" and "Tangor Returns". Afterwards it appeared in the collection "The Wizard of Venus" (Ace Books, August 1970). This also included the unrelated pirate adventure "Pirate Blood." A subsequent British edition (New English Library, 1975) omitted the unrelated story.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)
Joe Cascone, artistic director of the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company, had long wanted to stage a musical of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" that was truer to Baum's original intentions, and as such, was able to incorporate various influences from the many adaptations of the story produced throughout the 20th century, including the original 1903 musical, the famous 1939 MGM film, the musical "The Wiz" and several others. In writing the libretto for the new musical, Cascone made Baum a character in the play as a narrator, also doubling as the Wizard. Composer and lyricist James Patrick Doyle was a long time Oz admirer who restored some of the music from Baum's "The Maid of Arran", the 1902 "Wizard", "The Woggle-Bug", "The Tik-Tok Man of Oz", "Prince Silverwings", and "The Patchwork Girl of Oz", which had not been heard in recent decades. The production premiered in 2000 at the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company, directed by Cascone with choreography by Lesley Ansell. Two original cast albums were released. One by Hungry Tiger Music in 2000, and one by The Civic Light Opera Company in 2002, featuring the revised score.
Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz
This album was quite a success, and after being reissued in a 45-rpm version and as a 10-inch LP, it was finally re-released in 1956 as one side of a 12-inch 33 rpm LP, the other side occupied by cover versions of songs from Disney's "Pinocchio" (1940), with Cliff Edwards, the film's Jiminy Cricket, as lead soloist. This is also the year that MGM Records first released an authentic soundtrack album of "The Wizard of Oz".
The Ozmapolitan of Oz
The word "Ozmopolitan" was first used in 1904, in promotional material created by Baum's publisher Reilly & Britton. The idea was that the Wizard of Oz started an Oz newspaper so titled (a conceit that Martin adopts for his novel). Reilly & Britton issued press releases in this Oz-newspaper form in 1904 and 1905, publicizing Baum's "The Marvelous Land of Oz" and related projects. It is possible though not certain that Baum himself wrote some of these early "Ozmapolitan" press releases. The publisher (under its later name Reilly & Lee) issued more "Ozmapolitan" press releases in the 1920s, to publicize the novels of Ruth Plumly Thompson, and in the 1960s for other products (including "Merry Go Round in Oz", with illustrations by Dick Martin). Three decades later, Hungry Tiger Press used the same publicity technique for issues of its "Oz-story Magazine".
Name of Australia
The "Oxford English Dictionary" records a first occurrence in 1908, in the form "Oss". "Oz" is often taken as an oblique reference to the fictional Land of Oz in the film "The Wizard of Oz" (1939), based on L. Frank Baum's novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900). In 1988, an American opinion was that Australians' "image of Australia as a 'Land of Oz' is not new, and dedication to it runs deep" but evidence for this view within Australia itself is lacking. The spelling "Oz" is likely to have been influenced by the 1939 film, though the pronunciation was probably always with a /z/, as it is also for "Aussie", sometimes spelt "Ozzie". The Baz Luhrmann film "Australia" (2008) makes repeated reference to "The Wizard of Oz", which appeared just before the wartime action of "Australia". Some critics have even speculated that Baum was inspired by Australia, in naming the "Land of Oz": "In "Ozma of Oz" (1907), Dorothy gets back to Oz as the result of a storm at sea while she and Uncle Henry are travelling by ship to Australia. So, like Australia, Oz is somewhere to the west of California. Like Australia, Oz is an island continent. Like Australia, Oz has inhabited regions bordering on a great desert. One might almost imagine that Baum intended Oz to be Australia, or perhaps a magical land in the center of the great Australian desert."
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
The 1939 version of "The Wizard of Oz" is the most well-known adaptation of "The Wizard of Oz"; in many respects, its popularity surpassed the original book. Its copyright was renewed in 1967, so it will remain copyrighted for a 95-year term, entering the public domain in 2035. This has caused issues for most subsequent Oz adaptations, especially because WB (the current owners of the copyright), have been very aggressive in protecting the film's copyright. Recently, they went after potential merchandise for the upcoming "".
Emerson Hough
In 1889 Hough wrote "Madre D'Oro", a four-act spectacular drama about the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs. With L. Frank Baum, author of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", he created two play treatments: "The Maid of Athens: A College Phantasy" and "The King of Gee-Whiz". Neither was ever completed or staged.
The Enchanted Apples of Oz
The book was released in 1986 as the fifth in First Comics' graphic novel series "First Graphic Novel". After First closed in 1991 a number of publishers took over their titles and "The Enchanted Apples of Oz" has been reprinted twice by Dark Horse Comics in 1993 () and 1998 ().
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
All of Baum's subsequent Oz books, published between 1907 and 1920, had their copyright extended by subsequent laws. Between 1962 and 1974, Congress passed nine copyright acts extending the copyright one or two years each time (these acts also introduced the rule that rounds the copyright term up to the end of that calendar year). This ensured that all works published after September 1906 (and renewed as necessary) stayed copyrighted until the Copyright Act of 1976 took effect. The 1976 Act extended the renewal to 47 years, meaning works could stay copyrighted for 75 years after publication. Thus, the rest of Baum's Oz books did not enter public domain until the 75-year terms was up. "Ozma of Oz" (published in 1907) was the first to enter the public domain in 1983, and the subsequent books followed, with "Glinda of Oz" (published in 1920) finally entering the public domain in 1996.
The Wiz (film)
The Wiz is a 1978 American musical adventure fantasy film produced by Universal Pictures and Motown Productions, and released by Universal Pictures on October 24, 1978. A reimagining of L. Frank Baum's classic 1900 children's novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" featuring an all-black cast, the film was loosely adapted from the 1974 Broadway musical of the same name. It follows the adventures of Dorothy, a shy, twenty-four-year-old Harlem schoolteacher who finds herself magically transported to the urban fantasy Land of Oz, which resembles a dream version of New York City. Befriended by a Scarecrow, a Tin Man and a Cowardly Lion, she travels through the city to seek an audience with the mysterious Wiz, who they say is the only one powerful enough to send her home.
The Shaggy Man of Oz
The Shaggy Man of Oz (1949) is the thirty-eighth in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the second and last by Jack Snow. It was illustrated by Frank G. Kramer. The book entered the public domain in the United States when its copyright was not renewed as required.
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz
Baum, having resigned himself to writing a series of Oz books, set up elements of this book in the prior "Ozma of Oz" (1907). He was not entirely pleased with this, as the introduction to "Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz" opens with the protest that he knows many tales of many lands, and hoped that children would permit him to tell them those tales.
The Tin Woodman of Oz
The Tin Woodman of Oz: A Faithful Story of the Astonishing Adventure Undertaken by the Tin Woodman, Assisted by Woot the Wanderer, the Scarecrow of Oz, and Polychrome, the Rainbow's Daughter is the twelfth Land of Oz book written by L. Frank Baum and was originally published on May 13, 1918. The Tin Woodman is unexpectedly reunited with his Munchkin sweetheart Nimmie Amee from the days when he was flesh and blood. This was a back-story from "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz".
Children's literature
One of the most famous books of American children's literature is L. Frank Baum's fantasy novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", published in 1900. "By combining the English fondness for word play with the American appetite for outdoor adventure", Connie Epstein in "International Companion Encyclopedia Of Children's Literature" says Baum "developed an original style and form that stands alone". Baum wrote fourteen more Oz novels, and other writers continued the Oz series into the twenty-first century.
Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States
Alexander Volkov's six Oz books were published in the Soviet Union, so they are subject to Russian copyright law. The first book – "The Wizard of the Emerald City" – was published in 1939, when "The Wizard of Oz" was still copyrighted. "The Wizard of the Emerald City" is an adaptation of "The Wizard of Oz", borrowing liberally from the original book without even crediting Baum.
The subsequent four books were published between 1963 and 1970, and the last one – "The Secret of the Deserted Castle" – was published in 1980. At the time of publication, "The Wizard of Oz" and "The Land of Oz" were in the public domain, but the other Oz books were still copyrighted. However, Volkov's books are mostly original sequels to "The Wizard of the Emerald City", so whether they are infringing or not is difficult to say. Barely any of the elements from later Oz books are featured in Volkov's works, so most likely they were not infringing.
Folklore of the United States
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a children's novel written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow. Originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900, it has since been reprinted numerous times, most often under the name The Wizard of Oz, which is the name of both the 1902 stage play and the well-known adaptation 1939 film version, starring Judy Garland. The story chronicles the adventures of a young girl named Dorothy Gale in the Land of Oz, after being swept away from her Kansas farm home in a tornado. Thanks in part to the 1939 MGM movie, it is one of the best-known stories in American popular culture.
March Laumer
March began writing his Oz books in 1962 (one year before the publication of the fortieth and last "official" Oz book, "Merry Go Round in Oz"). He was a frequent correspondent of Ruth Plumly Thompson until her death in 1976. Most of Laumer's books were published by his own small press, Opium Books, in Hong Kong, or Vanitas Press in Lund, Sweden, often with illustrations by Lau Shiu Fan. Laumer's books often make drastic changes to the series and involve adult themes that have led some fans to label them pornography based on some oblique and non-negative references to bestiality and pederasty in "The Green Dolphin of Oz" (1978), his best known and most widely circulated book, as well as the first to be published. Many of his manuscripts were works in progress for many years, and some of them may have been discarded.
The Giant Garden of Oz
The Giant Garden of Oz is a novel written and illustrated by Eric Shanower, first published in 1993 by Emerald City Press, a division of Books of Wonder. As its title indicates, the novel is a volume in the ever-growing literature on the Land of Oz, written by L. Frank Baum and many successors.
Land of Oz
A legend of uncertain validity is that when relating bedtime stories (the earliest form of the Oz books) Baum was asked by his niece, Ramona Baxter Bowden, the name of the magical land. He glanced at a nearby filing cabinet, which had three drawers, labeled A–G, H–N, and O–Z. Thus he named the land Oz. This story was first told in 1903, but his wife always insisted that the part about the filing cabinet was not true. In "Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz", the name is translated as "great and good". It has also been speculated that Oz was named after the abbreviation for ounce, in the theory that Oz is an allegory for the populist struggle against the illusion (the wizard) of the gold standard.
Eric Shanower
Shanower's first major published works were the "Oz" graphic novels, which are "The Enchanted Apples of Oz", "The Secret Island of Oz", "The Ice King of Oz", "The Forgotten Forest of Oz", and "The Blue Witch of Oz" released by First Comics and Dark Horse Comics between 1986 and 1992. They are collected in a single large volume titled "Adventures in Oz", published by IDW.
The Scarecrow of Oz
The Scarecrow of Oz is the ninth book set in the Land of Oz written by L. Frank Baum. Published on July 16, 1915, it was Baum's personal favorite of the Oz books and tells of Cap'n Bill and Trot journeying to Oz and, with the help of the Scarecrow, overthrowing the cruel King Krewl of Jinxland. Cap'n Bill and Trot (Mayre Griffiths) had previously appeared in two other novels by Baum, "The Sea Fairies" and "Sky Island".
The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)
The Wizard of Oz is a 1925 American silent fantasy-adventure comedy film directed by Larry Semon, who also performs in the lead role as a Kansas farmhand and later in the story disguised as the Scarecrow. This production, which is the only completed 1920s adaptation of L. Frank Baum's novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", costars Dorothy Dwan as Dorothy, Oliver Hardy as the Tin Woodman in a portion of the film, and Spencer Bell briefly disguised as a less "cowardly" Lion than in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer version of Baum's work.
Dorothy Gale
Dorothy Gale is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum as the main protagonist in many of his "Oz" novels. She first appears in Baum's classic children's novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900) and reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the main character in various adaptations, notably the classic 1939 film adaptation of the novel, "The Wizard of Oz".
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a musical play based on the novel of the same title by L. Frank Baum that premiered at the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company in 2000. The lyrics are by James Patrick Doyle and Joe Cascone, the music is by Doyle and the book is by Cascone who also directed. This company describes the show as the most requested in their repertory and revived it in 2002 and again in 2010.