When was Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar born?
Klemens von Metternich
Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein, KOGF (; 15 May 1773 – 11 June 1859) was an Austrian diplomat who was at the center of European affairs for four decades as the Austrian Empire's foreign minister from 1809 and Chancellor from 1821 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719–1787) and Anna Maria, née Pertl (1720–1778), at 9 Getreidegasse in Salzburg. This was the capital of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, an ecclesiastic principality in what is now Austria, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy. His elder sister was Maria Anna Mozart (1751–1829), nicknamed "Nannerl". Mozart was baptized the day after his birth, at St. Rupert's Cathedral in Salzburg. The baptismal record gives his name in Latinized form, as "Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart". He generally called himself "Wolfgang Amadè Mozart" as an adult, but his name had many variants.
Franz Leopold Neumann
Franz Leopold Neumann (May 23, 1900 – September 2, 1954) was a German-Jewish political activist, Western Marxist theorist and labor lawyer, who became a political scientist in exile and is best known for his theoretical analyses of National Socialism. He studied in Germany and the United Kingdom, and spent the last phase of his career in the United States. Together with Ernst Fraenkel and Arnold Bergstraesser, Neumann is considered to be among the founders of modern political science in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim
Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim was born on 15 April 1777 in Bolzano as the fifth of seven males to Joseph Joachim von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim and Caterina de Giovanelli. His parents emigrated from the Grisons close to the Italian border in 1529; the Emperor Ferdinand III had given the Tschiderer house a patent making them nobles in 1620. He suffered from slight stuttering problems during his life. He was baptized moments after his birth at the Assumption church. On his maternal side he was related to Joseph von Giovanelli zu Gerstburg und Hörtenberg (12 September 1784 - 14 September 1845) and to Ignaz von Giovanelli zu Gerstburg und Hörtenberg (5 April 1815 - 16 August 1889).
Karl von Rotteck
Karl Wenzeslaus Rodecker von Rotteck (18 July 1775, Freiburg, Baden – 26 November 1840, Freiburg) was a German political activist, historian, politician and political scientist. He was a prominent advocate of freedom of the press and the abolition of compulsory labor.
Clemens Brentano
Clemens Wenzeslaus Brentano (also Klemens; pseudonym: Clemens Maria Brentano ; ; 9 September 1778 – 28 July 1842) was a German poet and novelist, and a major figure of German Romanticism. He was the uncle, via his brother Christian, of Franz and Lujo Brentano.
Carl Zeller
Carl Adam Johann Nepomuk Zeller (19 June 1842 – 17 August 1898) was an Austrian composer of operettas.
Louis-Lucien Klotz
Klotz was born in Paris to Alsatian Jewish parents. He was the nephew of Victor Klotz (1836-1906), a wealthy silk dealer. After completing his legal education, he enrolled as an advocate at the "Cour d'Appel" in Paris. In 1888, at the age of twenty, he founded "Vie Franco-Russe", an illustrated paper intended to increase popular support for the Franco-Russian Alliance. In 1892 he became editor of "Voltaire", and campaigned against the reactionary policy of Jules Ferry. In 1895, he founded "Français Quotidien", a patriotic daily paper devoted to national defense, into which "Voltaire" was later merged.
Klemens von Klemperer
Klemens Wilhelm von Klemperer (November 2, 1916 – December 23, 2012) was a historian of modern Europe and professor at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. He was a prominent member of a generation of historians who fled Nazi Germany and established themselves as leading scholars in the United States. His teaching and writings focused on 20th century Germany and Central Europe, in particular the Nazi regime and the resistance to Hitler. In 1997, he was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class for his contribution and services to Austrian culture. He delivered a lecture in June 1998 at Westminster Abbey to mark the unveiling of a sculpture of Dietrich Bonhoeffer in the "Martyrs' Gallery".
Lorenz Clasen
Lorenz Clasen (14 December 1812, Düsseldorf - 31 May 1899, Leipzig) was a German history painter and author; best known for his frequently reproduced painting, "Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein" (Germania at Watch on the Rhein), in the town hall of Krefeld, which was inspired by the popular song "Die Wacht am Rhein".
Alois Kracher
Alois Kracher Jr. (23 February 1959 – 5 December 2007, Illmitz) was one of the most successful winemakers of Austria, and was known under the nickname "Luis". The wines from his vineyard "Weinlaubenhof Kracher" reached a world reputation and high acclaim from international wine critics such as Robert M. Parker, Jr., who awarded 98 points or higher on his famous 100-point scale to several of Kracher's wines. His fame was mainly built on his sweet wines, so called "Trockenbeerenauslesen" (TBA) of high sweetness and enormous concentration that results from the development of noble rot on the grapes. Local conditions on the shallow Lake Neusiedl, where the Kracher vineyards are situated, are conducive to the development of "Botrytis cinerea" (the fungus responsible for noble rot).
Elmer Gertz
Elmer Gertz (September 14, 1906 – April 27, 2000) was an American lawyer, writer, law professor, and civil rights activist. During his lengthy legal career he won some high-profile cases, most notably parole for notorious killer Nathan Leopold and the obscenity trial of Henry Miller's novel "Tropic of Cancer", a book published in France but banned in the United States because of its "candid sexuality" in describing the author's life in Paris. In addition to accounts of his cases and career, he also reviewed books and edited a collection of works by Frank Harris, whom he represented as literary agent for a while.
Friedrich von Löwis of Menar
Friedrich von Löwis of Menar (Germanized name; Russian: "Фёдор Фёдорович Левиз" / "Fedor Fedorovich Leviz") (6 September 1767, Haapsalu - 16 April 1824) was a Russian lieutenant general of the Napoleonic Wars. His family (the family name commonly spelled in English as Lewis) came from South Scotland to Sweden around 1630. By the time of Fedor's birth, it had become a well-established noble family settled in Livonia in the Russian Empire.
Nikolaus Lenau
Nikolaus Lenau was the nom de plume of Nikolaus Franz Niembsch Edler von Strehlenau (13 August 1802 – 22 August 1850), a German-language Austrian poet.
Ludwig Lemmer
Ludwig Lemmer was born Hermann Ludwig Lemmer on 9 August 1891 in Salemstraße, Remscheid to Ernst Ludwig Alexander Lemmer and his wife Eugenie Adleheid Marcus. He attended the Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart 1911-1913. Following this education, by 1915 he was already in the 19th Jägerbataillon of the German Army. During World War I, he was awarded the Ehrenkreuz des Weltkrieges mit Schwertern. In 1917 he attended the Technische Hochschule in Danzig. Following World War I, he undertook a study trip to Denmark and Sweden before became the Stadtbaurat in Remscheid from 1921 until 1933 when he was removed from his post by the Nazis.
Clemens von Zimmermann
Clemens von Zimmermann, historical painter, was born at Düsseldorf on 8 November 1788. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.
Heinrich Joseph Wetzer
Heinrich Joseph Wetzer (Anzefahr, Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), 19 March 1801 – Freiburg, Baden, 5 November 1853) was a German Orientalist. His greatest achievement was the part he took in the production of the first edition of the "Kirchenlexikon" for which he drew up the "Nomenclator" and which he edited with Benedict Welte.
List of opera librettists
Clemens Krauss (1893–1954)
Georg Krauß
Georg Krauß, from 1905 "Ritter von Krauß" (25 December 1826 – 5 November 1906) was a German industrialist and the founder of the Krauss Locomotive Works ("Locomotivfabrik Krauß & Comp.") in Munich, Germany and Linz, Upper Austria. The spelling of the company name was later changed from "Krauß" to "Krauss", once the form of the name in capital letters on the company's emblems had become established.
Krauß was born in Augsburg as the eldest child of four, to master weaver, Johann Georg Friedrich Krauß and his wife Anna Margarethe, née Stahl. After attending primary school, he went to the Royal Polytechnic School, founded in 1833 (today Augsburg High School). After completing his education he worked temporarily in the Maffei Locomotive Works in Munich, then for the Royal Bavarian State Railways ("Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn") in Hof, Germany, Kempten and Lindau. A decisive step in his development was his job as a master machinist with the Northeast Railway ("Nordostbahn") in Zurich, where he built his first four locomotives. From then on he was already preparing for the founding of his factory in Munich. In spite of strong opposition from the already established Joseph Anton von Maffei he obtained the necessary capital to found the factory on the Marsfeld in Munich-Neuhausen on 17 July 1866, a satellite factory at Munich South station in 1872 and another works in 1880 in Linz (Austria) in order to avoid the high import taxes of the Danube monarchy.
Franz Jakob Clemens
Franz Jacob Clemens (4 October 1815 – 24 February 1862) was a German Catholic philosopher, a layman who defended the Catholic Church even on theological questions.
Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony
Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony (German: "Clemens Wenzeslaus August Hubertus Franz Xaver von Sachsen") (28 September 1739 – 27 July 1812) was a German prince from the House of Wettin and the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1768 until 1803, the Prince-Bishop of Freising from 1763 until 1768, the Prince-Bishop of Regensburg from 1763 until 1769, and the Prince-Bishop of Augsburg from 1768 until 1812.
Lothar Mertens
Lothar Mertens (2 January 1959 - 4 December 2006) was a prolific German historian and social sciences scholar. A principal focus of his output was on the German Democratic Republic (East Germany, 1949-1990).
Willem Kloos
Willem Johannes Theodorus Kloos (; 6 May 1859 in Amsterdam – 31 March 1938 in The Hague) was a nineteenth-century Dutch poet and literary critic. He was one of the prominent figures of the Movement of Eighty and became editor in chief of "De Nieuwe Gids" after the editorial fracture in 1893. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.
Rodger Kamenetz
Rodger Kamenetz (born 1950) is an American poet and author.
He is best known as the author of "The Jew in the Lotus" (1994), an account of the historic dialogue between rabbis and the XIV Dalai Lama.
Karl Rottmanner
Karl Borromäus Rottmanner (30 October 1783 – 8 July 1824) was a German poet, philosopher, and politician. Born in Munich, he was the son of lawyer and agricultural reformer Simon Rottmanner (1740-1813) and his wife Maria Anna Barbara Paur (1746–1828). His cousin was German composer and organist Eduard Rottmanner. He studied law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich where he earned a PhD. While a student there he belonged to a student patriotic movement led by Johann Nepomuk von Ringseis. After graduating, he became a member of the Landtag of Bavaria. He died in Ast.
Ludwig Ritter von Köchel
Ludwig Alois Friedrich Ritter von Köchel (; 14 January 1800 – 3 June 1877) was an Austrian musicologist, writer, composer, botanist and publisher. He is best known for cataloguing the works of Mozart and originating the 'K-numbers' by which they are known ("K" for "Köchel").
Carl Friedrich Heinrich, Graf von Wylich und Lottum
Carl Friedrich Heinrich Graf von Wylich und Lottum (5 November 1767 – 14 February 1841), also called Graf Lottum "(Count Lottum)", was a Prussian infantry general and minister of the State. He is the son of general Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Wylich und Lottum and his wife.
Graf Lottum was born in Berlin and visited the Academie des Nobles, the principal educational establishment of the state, founded by Frederick the Great. On 9 April 1784 he became ensign of the Infantry Regiment of Anhalt-Bernburg, and on 26 October 1786 lieutenant. One year later, he was transferred to the newly formed fusilier battalion "von Schenck", also stationed in Halle. His battalion participated in the Dutch campaign of 1787. Shortly thereafter, as an ordonnance officer, he accompanied general Graf Schulenburg-Renert in the war against France. A fall from his horse in 1793 led to a fracture of his foot and rendered him unusable for field duties.
Luther in Worms (Meinardus)
Luther in Worms is an 1876 German-language oratorio by Ludwig Meinardus to a libretto by Wilhelm Rossmann. The work received several performances around the time of the Martin Luther anniversary year 1883. The historical opposition of Karl V to the Reformation is mitigated by the invention of a villain, Glapio, to oppose Luther.
Lothair I
Lothair was born in 795, to Louis the Pious and Emengarde of Hebsbaye. His father was the son of the reigning Emperor, Charlemagne. Little is known of Lothair's early life, which was probably passed at the court of his grandfather Charlemagne. In 814, the elderly Charlemagne died, and left his son Louis the Pious his vast empire. The next year, Lothair, now an adult, was sent to govern Bavaria in 815 for his father the new Emperor Louis the Pious. In 817, Louis the Pious drew up his "Ordinatio Imperii". In this, Louis designated Lothair as his principal heir and ordered that Lothair would be the overlord of Louis' younger sons Pippin of Aquitaine (who was 20) and Louis the German (who was 13), as well as his nephew (Lothairs Cousin) Bernard of Italy. Lothair would also inherit their lands if they were to die childless. Lothair, aged 22, was then crowned joint emperor by his father at Aachen. At the same time, Aquitaine and Bavaria were granted to his brothers Pippin and Louis, respectively, as subsidiary kingdoms. Following the death of Bernard by Louis the Pious, Lothair also received the Kingdom of Italy. In 821, Lothair married Ermengarde (d. 851), daughter of Hugh the Count of Tours.
Clemens Winkler
Clemens Alexander Winkler (December 26, 1838 – October 8, 1904) was a German chemist who discovered the element germanium in 1886, solidifying Dmitri Mendeleev's theory of periodicity.
Wilhelm Molterer
Molterer's birth name is Kletzmayr. He was born in Steyr, Upper Austria, on 14 May 1955. He grew up in the Upper Austrian town of Sierning, and was raised by his aunt and her husband, Josef Molterer, who adopted him at the age of 14 years. He attended the College of Agriculture in Sankt Florian, graduated in 1974. He received a master's degree in Social Economics from the Johannes Kepler University Linz in 1981.
Clemens Schmalstich
Born on 8 October 1880 in Posen, Clemens Carl-Otto Schmalstich was originally a student attending the Posen Friedrich-Wilhelm Gymnasium on the wishes of his father (who would not hear of his having a serious course of musical education), and then had four semesters in Philosophy at Bonn. In 1902 the young student was able to attend the Königliche Hochschule (Royal High school) for Music at Berlin. There he 'learnt' piano with Professor Ernst Rudorff, but then two years later he transferred as a student of composition to the master-class of Engelbert Humperdinck (best known as the creator of the opera "Hänsel and Gretel"), who became a fatherly friend to him and arranged for him to obtain a position as conductor at the New Theatre in Berlin, where, among other works, he conducted Humperdinck's music for Shakespeare's "The Tempest". Soon after this Schmalstich won a whole range of Academy awards. In 1910 his friend Leo Blech summoned him to the Royal Opera in Berlin, where Schmalstich worked as Kapellmeister (orchestral conductor) until 1919 alongside Blech, Richard Strauss and Karl Muck.
Johann Nepomuk von Nostitz-Rieneck
Johann Nepomuk was born on 24 March 1768 in Prague, the ninth child of Count Franz Anton von Nostitz-Rieneck (1725-1794) and Countess Marie Alžběta Krakovská z Kolowrat (1728-1815). His father was the High Burggraf of Bohemia. His father's younger brother was Friedrich Moritz von Nostitz-Rieneck, a high-ranking Austrian general who became president of the Aulic Council shortly before his death in 1796.
Leonhard Kleber
He was born in Göppingen. He graduated from Heidelberg University in 1512, and was probably a pupil of the famous blind organist and composer Arnolt Schlick around that time. He is known to have held three positions after his graduation: at Horb am Neckar, as organist and vicar-choral, in 1516 and 1517; at Esslingen am Neckar as organist until 1521; and at Pforzheim from 1521 on, where he was organist at the collegiate and parish church. During this period he had numerous organ students, and was evidently renowned as a teacher. He died at Pforzheim.
Lorenz Oken
Lorenz Oken (1 August 1779 – 11 August 1851) was a German naturalist, botanist, biologist, and ornithologist.
Oken was born Lorenz Okenfuss () in Bohlsbach (now part of Offenburg), Ortenau, Baden, and studied natural history and medicine at the universities of Freiburg and Würzburg. He went on to the University of Göttingen, where he became a "Privatdozent" (unsalaried lecturer), and shortened his name to Oken. As Lorenz Oken, he published a small work entitled "Grundriss der Naturphilosophie, der Theorie der Sinne, mit der darauf gegründeten Classification der Thiere" (1802). This was the first of a series of works which established him as a leader of the movement of "Naturphilosophie" in Germany.
Wolfgang Clemen
Wolfgang Clemen (born 9 March 1909 in Bonn, Germany; died 16 March 1990 in Endorf, Bavaria, Germany) was an eminent German literary scholar who helped reestablish English Studies in Germany after World War II. His father, Paul Clemen, was a well-known art historian.
Carl von Lemcke
Carl von Lemcke, or Karl (von) Lemcke, who sometimes wrote as Karl Manno (26 August 1831 – 7 April 1913) was a German aesthetician and art historian who also wrote songs and novels.
Lotten von Kræmer
Charlotte "Lotten" Louise von Kræmer (6 August 1828, Stockholm – 23 December 1912, Stockholm), was a Swedish Baroness, writer, poet, philanthropist and a women's rights activist. She was the founder of the literary society Samfundet De Nio and, alongside Martina Bergman-Österberg, the main financier of the National Association for Women's Suffrage.
Gertrud Kolmar
Gertrud Käthe Chodziesner (10 December 1894 – March 1943), known by the literary pseudonym Gertrud Kolmar, was a German lyric poet and writer. She was born in Berlin and died, after her arrest and deportation as a Jew, in Auschwitz, a victim of the Nazi Final Solution. Though she was a cousin of Walter Benjamin, little is known of her life. She is considered one of the finest poets in the German language.
Niklas Luhmann
Niklas Luhmann (; ; December 8, 1927 – November 6, 1998) was a German sociologist, philosopher of social science, and a prominent thinker in systems theory, who is considered one of the most important social theorists of the 20th century.
Michael Maar
His 2005 book "The Two Lolitas", as well as two articles in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and The Times Literary Supplement the previous year, argued that Vladimir Nabokov's 1955 novel "Lolita" was most likely based on an until-then little known 1916 short story by German author Heinz von Lichberg, also titled "Lolita" and featuring an identical theme. The discovery received strong attention by literary critics and the world press. Maar did not himself accuse Nabokov of plagiarism, but suggested it was a case of cryptomnesia, arguing that Nabokov and Lichberg lived in the same part of Berlin for several years in the 1920s and 1930s and that Lichberg's 1916 book (a collection of short stories) was easily available at the time.
Melchior Lorck
Melchior Lorck was born in either 1526 or 1527 as son of a city clerk, Thomas Lorck, in Flensburg in the duchy of Schleswig in present-day Germany. The first document relating to him is the receipt of a royal Danish 4 year travel stipend from the Danish king, Christian III, signed on March 22, 1549 in Flensburg. His earliest engravings stem from the years before the travel stipend, starting with rather unsecure copies after Heinrich Aldegrever, but soon developing a fine control of the burin as in the staunchly anti-papal "The Pope as a Wild Man" from 1545 and the "Portrait of Martin Luther" from 1548. With the royal travel stipend Lorck went to southern Germany, settling in Nuremberg around 1550, where he paid tribute to that city's preeminent artist of the previous generation, Albrecht Dürer in a portrait print building on Hans Schwarz' portrait medal of the artist.
Karl Leonhard
Karl Leonhard (21 March 1904 – 23 April 1988) was a German psychiatrist who was a student and collaborator of Karl Kleist, who himself stood in the tradition of Carl Wernicke. With Kleist, he created a complex classification of psychotic illnesses called Nosology. His work covered psychology, psychotherapy, biological psychiatry and biological psychology. Moreover, he created a classification of nonverbal communication.
Johann Nepomuk Hiedler
Nepomuk left Alois a considerable portion of his life savings. Nepomuk's granddaughter, Klara, had a longstanding affair with Alois before marrying him in 1885 after the death of his second wife. In 1889 she gave birth to Adolf Hitler.
Petrus Lotichius Secundus
Petrus Lotichius Secundus or Peter Lotz (November 2, 1528 in Niederzell/Schlüchtern – November 7, 1560 in Heidelberg) was a scholar and a significant neo-Latin poet of the 16th century.
Johann Nepomuk Kalcher
Johann Nepomuk Kalcher (May 15, 1764 – February 2, 1827) was a German organist and composer. Instructor of Carl Maria von Weber and student of Joseph Graetz.
Fritz Max Cahén
Fritz Max Cahén (alias Lynkeus) (born December 8, 1891 in Saarlouis; died August 29, 1966 in Bonn) was active in the Weimar Republic government and later founded the anti-Nazi political alliance Volkssozialistische Bewegung (Cahén later referred to it as, in English, the German Front Against Hitlerism). He worked as a journalist and also authored the books "Der Weg nach Versailles" (1963) and "Men Against Hitler" (1939).
Timeline of Karl Marx
Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Marx's work in economics laid the basis for the current understanding of labour and its relation to capital, and has influenced much of subsequent economic thought. He published numerous books during his lifetime, the most notable being "The Communist Manifesto". Marx studied at the University of Bonn and the University of Berlin, where he became interested in the philosophical ideas of the Young Hegelians. After his studies, he wrote for a radical newspaper in Cologne, and began to work out his theory of dialectical materialism. He moved to Paris in 1843, where he began writing for other radical newspapers and met Fredrick Engels, who would become his lifelong friend and collaborator. In 1849 he was exiled and moved to London together with his wife and children where he continued writing and formulating his theories about social and economic activity. He also campaigned for socialism and became a significant figure in the International Workingmen's Association.
Klemens von Klemperer
Klemens von Klemperer had a privileged childhood. He was born in Berlin, one of four children of Herbert and Frieda (née Kuffner) von Klemperer. His father was the president of Berliner Maschinenbau-AG (BMAG), a company that supplied locomotives as well as submarines and torpedoes to the military establishment. He was a grandson of Gustav Klemperer von Klemenau, a prominent banker who rose to become the chairman of the Dresdner Bank, and great nephew of Moriz von Kuffner, Viennese brewer and pioneering alpinist. The family had had a secular Jewish background until his grandfather converted to Protestantism.
Clemens Laby
Clemens Laby was born in Beuthen (today known as Bytom), a mining town near Kattowitz (today Katowice) in Upper Silesia. Towards the end of his time at senior school, around 1920, he worked as an intern at the "Oheimgrube" (today Wujek) coal mine. He then moved on to the Technical University (TU) of Berlin where he studied mine engineering, obtaining his degree in or before 1926. It is from the record of his registration at the TU that his birth date and birthplace can be ascertained. The outcome of the 1922 referendum had moved the Polish frontier close to Beuthen, and in 1926 Laby went to work for the Polish mining administration. After the Annexation of Western Poland by the German army Laby was transferred to Germany's national head office of the Combustible Fuels Industry, taking a senior management position in the Bituminous coal department based in Berlin. It was here that he met the jurist Karl Laurenz in 1945, while Laby was working as a safety expert with the "Mining Technical Inspectorate". Between 1946 and 1949 Laby was also working as personal assistant to the President of the National Administration (for what had become, in May 1945, the Soviet occupation zone). The National Administration was the forerunner to the in what became, in October 1949, the German Democratic Republic. According to testimony given by Laurenz at his trial in 1955, Laby had had to leave the National Administration in 1949 because he had had to relocate from East to West Berlin - something he had done only reluctantly.
Johannes Nikolaus Tetens
He has been called the "German Locke," on the basis of a comparison of his major work "Philosophische Versuche über die menschliche Natur und ihre Entwickelung" (1777) with the work of John Locke. He is considered to have been an influence on Immanuel Kant.
Tetens was born 1736 in Tetenbüll/Tetenbøl in the Danish Duchy of Schleswig. He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Rostock and the University of Copenhagen. He acquired in MA in 1759 and his PhD in 1760. From 1760 to 1765, he taught philosophy and physics ("natural philosophy" at that time) at the (in Bützow, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). During this decade, he wrote many treatises on various subjects, ranging from the color of the sky to the existence of God through the origins of languages (see e. g. references in Johann Christian Poggendorff, 1863). After this polygraphic formation period, Tetens goes back to more fundamental enquiries: after having read David Hume's work, he popularized it throughout the German-speaking world. Tetens is therefore supposed to have introduced Immanuel Kant to phenomenalistic thought and to the empiricism / transcendence dualism.
Kurt Lotz
Dr. Kurt Lotz (18 September 1912 – 9 March 2005) was the second post-war Chief executive officer (CEO) of the Volkswagen automobile company in Germany. He was nominated in April 1967 to succeed Heinrich Nordhoff at the end of December 1968. Nordhoff died in April 1968.
Lotz was the son of a farmer from the German state of Hesse. During World War II, he became a Luftwaffe general-staff Major, assigned to assessing needs for the military, which Lotz later looked back on as his first experience with industrial planning on a major scale.
Karl Friedrich Franciscus von Steinmetz
Lieutenant General Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz Franciscus (26 October 1768 in Silesia – 11 March 1837 in Potsdam) was a Prussian officer and cartographer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars. Steinmetz commanded a brigade in the Waterloo campaign. 
He was the uncle, and though his daughter Julie, father-in-law of the Field Marshal Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz.
Laurentius Siemer
Laurentius Siemer (born Josef Siemer, 1888–1956) was a Dominican priest, and Provincial of the Dominican Province of Teutonia, Germany during the Nazi period. A significant figure in Catholic resistance to Nazism, he became a spiritual leader of the German Resistance movement and was imprisoned by the Nazis. Implicated in the July Plot, he survived the war in hiding and assisted in drafting Germany's post war constitution. In later life he became a TV celebrity.
Lothar Schmid
Lothar Maximilian Lorenz Schmid (10 May 1928 – 18 May 2013) was a German chess grandmaster. He was born in Radebeul near Dresden into a family who were the co-owners of the
Karl May Press, which published the German Karl May adventure novels.
He was best known as the chief arbiter at several World Chess Championship matches, in particular the 1972 encounter between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky at Reykjavík. He was also an avid collector of chess books and paraphernalia. It was reputed that he owned the largest known private chess library in the world, as well as a renowned collection of chess art, chess boards and chess pieces from around the globe.
Klemens Stefan Sielecki
Klemens Stefan Sielecki (December 8, 1903 in Stanisławów, Austria-Hungary – July 14, 1980 in Kamień Pomorski, Poland) was a Polish engineer and technical director of the first Polish Locomotive Factory Fablok in Chrzanów in the post-war years until 1964.
Waldemar Pabst
Ernst Julius Waldemar Pabst (24 December 1880 in Berlin – 29 May 1970 in Düsseldorf) was a German soldier and political activist, involved in far right and anti-communist activity in both his homeland and Austria. As a serving officer Pabst gained notoriety for ordering the executions of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg in 1919 as well as for his leading role in the coterie of ultra-nationalist conspirators around Wolfgang Kapp. In Austria he played a central part in organising rightist militia groups before being deported due to his activities. Pabst subsequently faded from public life in Nazi Germany as he was never more than loosely associated with the Nazis.
Alois Hugo Nellmapius
Born in Bielitz Poland on the 5th May 1847. His given name was Alois Hugo Neumann the son of Albert and Charlotte Neumann, but upon coming to South African changed his last name for reasons unknown. He trained as an engineer in the Netherlands and arrived in South Africa on board the ship "Nathan" in 1873 - one of his fellow passengers was John X. Merriman, later Prime Minister of the Cape Colony. This was the year that gold was first found in the ZAR. He was successful at gold mining near Pilgrim's Rest in the Eastern Transvaal, and managed to obtain the first transport concession to Delagoa Bay in 1875. He constructed what is now known as the Nellmapius Road, from Mac-Mac and the goldfields, crossing the Crocodile River at Nellmapius Drift near Hectorspruit to Matalha Poort in Mozambique. For these services he was granted 4 farms. Nellmapius made and lost several fortunes in his lifetime and was a close friend of Paul Kruger,there is a plaque in the National Kruger Park commemorating this very thing. He was the first digger on the Transvaal goldfields to make use of dynamite.
Clemens Krauss
Clemens Heinrich Krauss (31 March 189316 May 1954) was an Austrian conductor and opera impresario, particularly associated with the music of Richard Strauss.
Karl Wilhelm Leopold Krug
Karl (or Carl) Wilhelm Leopold Krug (January 7, 1833 – April 4, 1898) was a German businessman, naturalist, ethnographer, diplomat and supporter of scientific collections.
Klemens Rudnicki
Klemens Stanisław Rudnicki (nom de guerre Klimek) was born on March 28, 1897 in the town of Żydaczów, Austrian Galicia (now Zhydachiv, Ukraine). As a teenager, he belonged to paramilitary Polish organizations, such as Polish Rifle Squads and Zarzewie. In August and September 1914 he served in Legion Wschodni, and then was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. Rudnicki fought in the Battles of the Isonzo, where he was seriously wounded.
Leo von Klenze
Leo von Klenze (Franz Karl Leopold von Klenze; 29 February 1784, Buchladen (Bockelah / Bocla) near Schladen – 26 January 1864, Munich) was a German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer. Court architect of Bavarian King Ludwig I, Leo von Klenze was one of the most prominent representatives of Greek revival style.
Clemens Freiherr von Schorlemer-Lieser
Clemens August von Schorlemer-Lieser (29 September 1856 – 6 July 1922) was a German politician.
Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim
Blessed Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim (15 April 1777 - 3 December 1860) was an Austrian-Italian Roman Catholic prelate and the Bishop of Trent from 1834 until his death. He was born to Austrians but was considered to be an Austro-Italian due to having been born in the Italian town of Bolzano.
Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz
Leopold Louis was born in Lauterecken in 1625 as the youngest son of George Gustavus, Count Palatine of Veldenz, from his second marriage to Maria Elizabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (7 November 1581 – 18 August 1637), daughter of Duke John I.
Walter Cramer
Wilhelm Bernardo Walter Cramer (1 May 1886, Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony – 14 November 1944, Berlin) was a German businessman from Leipzig and a member of the failed 20 July Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia.
Władysław Kołodziej
He was born on 10 August 1897 in Włochów and went on to study at the Vilnius University. In the 1920s he was active in a network of Polish people who corresponded and discussed Slavic neopaganism and pagan practices. He collaborated with Karol Chobot with whom he edited the literary magazine "Siew wolności" and the periodical "Wiosna Lechicka", which focused on Slavic religion and spirituality. Kołodziej also edited "Wiadomości Astrologiczno-Literackich", which presented the views of the neopagan community.
Konrad Lorenz
Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (; 7 November 1903 – 27 February 1989) was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch. He is often regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology, the study of animal behaviour. He developed an approach that began with an earlier generation, including his teacher Oskar Heinroth.
Mark Lothar
Mark Lothar [ló:tar] (born Lothar Hundertmark, 23 May 1902, Berlin – 6 April 1985, Munich) was a German composer. In May 1938 his opera "Tailor Wibbel", inspired by a play by Hans Müller-Schlösser, was performed at the Berlin State Opera.
C. L. Lehmus
Daniel Christian Ludolph Lehmus (July 3, 1780 in Soest – January 18, 1863 in Berlin) was a German mathematician, who today is best remembered for the Steiner–Lehmus theorem, that was named after him.
Zygmunt Klemensiewicz
Zygmunt Aleksander Klemensiewicz (24 April 1886 – 25 March 1963) was a Polish physicist and physical chemist.
Early in his career (working for Fritz Haber in Karlsruhe), he made a pioneering contribution to the development of the glass electrode.
Volkmar Wentzel
Volkmar Kurt Wentzel (February 8, 1915 – May 10, 2006) was a German American photographer and cinematographer. He worked for nearly 50 years for the National Geographic Society as a darkroom technician and photographer, and his professional and personal work was highly acclaimed. He was one of the first people to take photographs of then-little known country of Nepal, and was noted for documenting the final years of many of the traditional tribal kingdoms of Africa.
Hans Müller-Schlösser
Hans Müller-Schlösser (born June 14, 1884 in Düsseldorf– March 21, 1956 in Düsseldorf) was a German poet and playwright closely associated with his native city of Düsseldorf. Müller-Schlösser is best known for his 1913 play "Wibbel the Tailor", which inspired a 1938 opera by Mark Lothar and a number of film adaptations including "Wibbel the Tailor" (1931) directed by and starring Paul Henckels.
Klemens Zamoyski
Klemens Zamoyski (1747–1767) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic).
Lothar Lutze
Lothar Lutze (7 September 1927 – 4 March 2015) was a Polish-born German scholar, writer, translator, Indologist and the Emeritus Professor of the "Department of Modern Languages and Literatures" at the Heidelberg University. He is known for his research on Hindi literature and Insian culture, which prompted many to classify him under "Heidelberg Indologists". He is a recipient of the Tagore Award and the Dr. George Grierson Award of the Central Hindi Directorate of the Government of India. The Government of India honoured him again the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri, in 2006, for his contributions to Indian literature.
Rudolf Lothar
Rudolf Lothar [rú:dolf ló:tar] (born Rudolf Lothar Spitzer; February 25, 1865 in Budapest – October 2, 1943 in Budapest) was a Hungarian-born Austrian writer, playwright, critic and essayist.
Wenceslas Cobergher
Born in Antwerp, probably in 1560 (1557, according to one source), he was a natural child of Wenceslas Coeberger and Catharina Raems, which was attested by deed in May 1579. His name is also written as Wenceslaus, Wensel or Wenzel; his surname is sometimes recorded as Coberger, Cobergher, Coebergher, and Koeberger.
Heinrich Christoph Karl Herrmann, Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum
Major General Heinrich Christoph Karl Herrmann, Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum (8 January 1773 in Cleves – night of 7/8 February 1830, in Berlin) was a Prussian officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars including the Waterloo Campaign in 1815.
Reinhold Klotz
Klotz was born in Stollberg near Chemnitz in Saxony on 13 March 1807. He studied at the University of Leipzig and became assistant professor there in 1832. In 1849 he became a full professor in succession to Gottfried Hermann, and held this post until his death in Kleinschocher (Leipzig) on 10 August 1870. Klotz was a man of unwearied industry, and devoted special attention to Latin literature. During the Revolutions of 1848 and the following years, he showed himself a strong conservative.
Clemens Vonnegut
Clemens Vonnegut Sr. (November 20, 1824 – December 13, 1906) was a German emigrant to the United States and successful businessman. He was the patriarch of the prominent German-American Vonnegut clan (later Schnull-Vonnegut) of Indiana – he was the father and grandfather of architects Bernard Vonnegut I and Kurt Vonnegut Sr., respectively, and great-grandfather of scientist Bernard Vonnegut and author Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
Wilhelm Müller
Wilhelm Müller was born on 7 October 1794 at Dessau, the son of a tailor. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native town and at the University of Berlin, where he devoted himself to philological and historical studies. In 1813-1814 he took part, as a volunteer in the Prussian army, in the national rising against Napoleon. He participated in the battles of Lützen, Bautzen, Hanau and Kulm. In 1814 he returned to his studies at Berlin. From 1817 to 1819, he visited southern Germany and Italy, and in 1820 published his impressions of the latter in "Rom, Römer und Römerinnen". In 1819, he was appointed teacher of classics in the Gelehrtenschule at Dessau, and in 1820 librarian to the ducal library. He remained there the rest of his life, dying of a heart attack aged only 32. His grandson Wilhelm Max Müller was an American Oriental scholar.
Lorenz Johann Jakob Lang
Lorenz Johann Jakob Lang (May 10, 1731 – September 18, 1801) was a German theologian, born in Selb, in the principality of Baireuth, on May 10, 1731, was the son of a stocking-maker, and being destined by his father to follow the same trade, he contended in his desire for study, which he early manifested, with many difficulties. By the assistance of his pastor, however, he acquired a thorough knowledge of the Latin and Greek, and entered in 1743 the lyceum at Culmbach. Indefatigable in his industry, he became thoroughly versed in philosophy and theology, as is evinced in the disputations "De praestantia philosophiae Wolfianae," and "De pontifice coelesti Novi Testamenti," after the defense of which he entered the University of Erlangen in 1751. After quitting Erlangen, he went to Baireuth in 1756 as tutor. A few months later he became subrector in Baireuth. In 1758 he was appointed professor of the Oriental languages and of the fine arts at the Gymnasium of Baireuth. In 1767 he was appointed court librarian, and in 1789 the first professor and inspector of the alumni, and in 1795 the first counsellor. He died September 18, 1801.
Victor Klemperer
Victor Klemperer (9 October 188111 February 1960) was a Romance languages scholar who also became known as a diarist. His journals, published in Germany in 1995, detailed his life under the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, and the German Democratic Republic. Those covering the period of the Third Reich have since become standard sources and have been extensively quoted by Saul Friedländer, Michael Burleigh, Richard J. Evans, and Max Hastings.
Clemens Meyer
Meyer was born on 20 August 1977 in Halle an der Saale. His studies at the German Literature Institute, Leipzig, were interrupted by a spell in a youth detention centre. He worked as a security guard, forklift driver and construction worker before he became a published novelist.
Johann Nepomuk Locherer
Johann Nepomuk Locherer (August 21, 1773 – February 26, 1837) was a German Catholic theologian born in Freiburg im Breisgau.
Lothar von Metternich
Lothar von Metternich was born in Schloss Vettelhoven in Grafschaft on 31 August 1551, the son of Johann von Metternich (1500-1562), Lord of Vettelhoven and bailiff of Saffenberg, and his fourth wife, Katharina von der Leyen zu Adendorf (1528-1567). He attended the University of Cologne from 1567 to 1577; the University of Perugia from 1577 to 1579; and the University of Padua from 1579 to 1581. In addition to his native German, he was fluent in Flemish, French, Italian, and Latin.
Wilhelm von Lenz
Wilhelm von Lenz (born 20 May 1809 in Riga - died 7 January 1883 in Saint Petersburg) was a Baltic German Russian official and writer. Wilhelm von Lenz was a friend and student of many mid-century Romantic composers, including Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin and Hector Berlioz, Lenz's most important and influential work was an early biography of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven, entitled "Beethoven et ses trois styles" (1855), written in response to the disparagement of Beethoven by Alexander Ulybyshev in his "Nouvelle biographie de Mozart" (1843). Lenz promoted the idea (already suggested by earlier figures such as François-Joseph Fétis) that Beethoven's musical style be divided into three characteristic periods. Lenz's periodisation, with minor changes, is still widely used today by musicologists in discussing Beethoven's compositions.
Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen (6 February 1834 – 23 May 1918) was a German Lutheran missionary to Sumatra who also translated the New Testament into the native Batak language. Stephen Neill, a historian of missions, considered Nommensen one of the greatest missionaries of all time. He is commemorated as a missionary on November 7 in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church with John Christian Frederick Heyer and Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg.
Walter Clemens
Walter C. Clemens, Jr. (born April 6, 1933, in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States) is an American political scientist best known for advancing complexity science as an approach to the study of international relations and comparative politics. He has been active in the analysis of complexity science, arms control and disarmament, and U.S. relations with communist and post-communist countries. Since 2008, he has been a regular contributor to Global Asia, the quarterly journal of the East Asia Foundation. He has authored numerous books, articles, and editorials, and is currently a Professor Emeritus at Boston University and an Associate at Harvard University's Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies.
Alexander von Lüders
Count Alexander Nikolajewitsch von Lüders (; 14 January 1790 – 2 February 1874) was a Russian general and Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland.
Klemens von Metternich
Born into the House of Metternich in 1773 as the son of a diplomat, Metternich received a good education at the universities of Strasbourg and Mainz. Metternich rose through key diplomatic posts, including ambassadorial roles in the Kingdom of Saxony, the Kingdom of Prussia, and especially Napoleonic France. One of his first assignments as Foreign Minister was to engineer a détente with France that included the marriage of Napoleon to the Austrian archduchess Marie Louise. Soon after, he engineered Austria's entry into the War of the Sixth Coalition on the Allied side, signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau that sent Napoleon into exile and led the Austrian delegation at the Congress of Vienna that divided post-Napoleonic Europe amongst the major powers. For his service to the Austrian Empire, he was given the title of Prince in October 1813. Under his guidance, the "Metternich system" of international congresses continued for another decade as Austria aligned itself with Russia and to a lesser extent Prussia. This marked the high point of Austria's diplomatic importance and thereafter Metternich slowly slipped into the periphery of international diplomacy. At home, Metternich held the post of Chancellor of State from 1821 until 1848 under both Francis I and his son Ferdinand I. After a brief exile in London, Brighton, and Brussels that lasted until 1851, he returned to the Viennese court, this time to offer only advice to Ferdinand's successor, Franz Josef. Having outlived his generation of politicians, Metternich died at the age of 86 in 1859.
Karl Knies
Karl Gustav Adolf Knies (29 March 18213 August 1898) was a German economist of the historical school of economics, best known as the author of "Political Economy from the Standpoint of the Historical Method" (1853). Knies taught at the University of Heidelberg for over 30 years, and was perhaps the most theoretically-oriented economist of the older historical school.
Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz
Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz (Roodt-sur-Eisch, Luxembourg, 25 November 1722 – 18 January 1799, Judenburg, Austria) was a botanist and a physician.
Friedrich Kellner
August Friedrich Kellner (February 1, 1885 – November 4, 1970) was a mid-level official in Germany who worked as a justice inspector in Mainz and Laubach. During the First World War, Kellner was an infantryman in a Hessian regiment. After the war he became a political organizer for the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which was the leading political party during the time of the turbulent and short-lived Weimar Republic, Germany’s first period of democracy. Kellner campaigned against Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. During World War II, working as a civil servant at a small court house, he wrote a diary to record his observations of the Nazi regime. Based on conversations and attentive reading of newspapers, he described the various crimes of that regime. He titled his work "Mein Widerstand," meaning "My Opposition". After the war Kellner served on denazification boards, and he also helped to reestablish the Social Democratic Party. He gave his diary to his American grandson in 1968 to translate into English and to bring it to the attention of the public. In the epilogue, the author's grandson Robert Scott Kellner tells how the diary came to be published: German publishers were not interested until in 2005 it was reported in Der Spiegel that former US President George H. W. Bush had looked at Kellner's original notebooks in the George Bush Presidential Library at Texas A&M University. He explained his purpose for writing the diary:
Nikolaus Kraft
Nikolaus Kraft (14 December 1778, Eszterháza, Hungary - 18 May 1853, Cheb, Bohemia) was an Austrian cellist and composer (six cello concertos). He was the son of Antonín Kraft, under whom he first studied. He then trained under Jean-Louis Duport (1801). He claimed to have been the soloist for the premiere of Beethoven's "Triple Concerto" and played alongside Mozart and Anton Teyber on 12 April 1789 at Dresden on Mozart's Berlin journey.
Nikolaus Gross
Blessed Nikolaus Gross (German: Groß) (30 September 1898 – 23 January 1945) was a German Roman Catholic. Gross first worked in professions requiring skilled labor before becoming a coal miner like his father while joining a range of trade union and political movements. But he soon settled on becoming a journalist before he got married while World War II prompted him to become a resistance fighter in the time of the Third Reich and for his anti-violent rhetoric and approach to opposing Adolf Hitler. He was also one of those implicated and arrested for the assassination attempt on Hitler despite not being involved himself.
Loretta Clemens Tupper
Loretta Nellie Clemens Tupper (May 6, 1906, in Marblehead, Ohio – September 17, 1990, in The Bronx, New York) was a singer, pianist and vaudevillian and radio actress., who later added television and film appearances to her impressive repertoire. In her early career she was known as Loretta Clemens and in her later career she was known as Loretta Tupper She featured in numerous television commercials and was famous for playing the old lady in the Fruit of the Loom television commercials from the 1980s. She was a character on the PBS Television show "Sesame Street" called Mrs. Mae Trump in the 1980s. She played small roles in numerous movies.
Karl Ludwig von Lecoq
Karl Ludwig von Lecoq or Karl Ludwig von Le Coq, born 23 September 1754 – died 14 February 1829, of French Huguenot ancestry, first joined the army of the Electorate of Saxony. He later transferred his loyalty to the Kingdom of Prussia and fought during the French Revolutionary Wars, earning a coveted award for bravery. While serving variously as a staff officer and diplomat, he became renowned as an expert cartographer. In 1806 he was entrusted with command of the forces in northwest Germany. Cut off from the main body of the Prussian army after the disaster at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, he concentrated his troops in the fortress of Hameln. After a brief siege, he surrendered his troops to an inferior force of enemies. For this, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. However, he was later pardoned and continued his map-making until he went blind.
Władysław Moes
Władysław Gerard Jan Nepomuk Marya Moes (17 November 1900 – 17 December 1986 ) was a Polish aristocrat and has been claimed as the inspiration for the character Tadzio in Thomas Mann’s novella "Death in Venice".
Nicolas Hotman
Nicolas Hotman (also "Autheman", "Haultemant", "Hautman", "Otteman"; ca. 1610–1663) was a Baroque composer, who spent most of his career in France. He is believed to have been from Germany, but was probably born in Brussels. He came with his family to Paris around 1626, where he died in April of the year 1663.
Cornelius Loos
Cornelius Loos (1546 – February 3, 1595), also known as Cornelius Losaeus Callidius, was a Roman Catholic priest, theologian, and professor of theology. He was the first Catholic official to write publicly against the witch trials raging throughout Europe from the 1580s to the 1590s. For this, he was imprisoned and forced to recant; his work was confiscated and suppressed by church officials. His manuscript was lost for almost 300 years. It was discovered in the Jesuit Library of Trier in 1886 by an American historian, George Lincoln Burr.