Is everything an object in Ruby?
Ruby (programming language)
Ruby has been described as a multi-paradigm programming language: it allows procedural programming (defining functions/variables outside classes makes them part of the root, 'self' Object), with object orientation (everything is an object) or functional programming (it has anonymous functions, closures, and continuations; statements all have values, and functions return the last evaluation). It has support for introspection, reflection and metaprogramming, as well as support for interpreter-based threads. Ruby features dynamic typing, and supports parametric polymorphism.
Ruby (programming language)
codice_26 is a constant and is a reference to a codice_37 object.
Ruby slippers
The slippers are part of the twelve "Foundation Elements" in the toys-to-life video game "Lego Dimensions".
Ruby (programming language)
The following assignments are equivalent and produce raw strings:
Ruby (programming language)
Ruby 2.4.0 was released on Christmas Day in 2016. A few notable changes include:The 2.4 branch also includes performance improvements to hash table, Array#max, Array#min, and instance variable access.
JRuby
JRuby is designed to work as a mixed-mode virtual machine for Ruby, where code can be either interpreted directly, just-in-time compiled at runtime to Java bytecode, or ahead-of-time compiled to Java bytecode before execution. Until October 2007, only the interpreted mode supported all Ruby's constructs, but a full AOT/JIT compiler is available since version 1.1. The compiler design allows for interpreted and compiled code to run side-by-side, as well as decompilation to reoptimize and outputting generated bytecode as Java class files.
Bit array
In Ruby, you can access (but not set) a bit of an integer (codice_18 or codice_19) using the bracket operator (codice_20), as if it were an array of bits.
Function object
Now, method codice_39 can be a function object, i.e. a codice_36, via codice_41 and used via codice_42. codice_43 was officially added to Ruby on June 11, 2006 during RubyKaigi2006.
Coraline Ada Ehmke
Ehmke began writing software in 1994, using the Perl programming language. She has since written software in ASP.NET and Java, before discovering Ruby in 2007. She is the author of 25 Ruby gems and has contributed to projects including Rspec and Ruby on Rails. She has spoken frequently at software conferences, and she has given keynote addresses at multiple technology conferences worldwide, including RubyFuza in Cape Town, South Africa and RubyConf Brazil.
RubyGems
Every gem contains a name, version and platform. Gems work only on ruby designed for a particular platform based on CPU architecture and operating-system type and version.
Object (philosophy)
Bertrand Russell updated the classical terminology with one more term, the "fact"; "Everything that there is in the world I call a fact." Facts, objects, are opposed to beliefs, which are "subjective" and may be errors on the part of the subject, the knower who is their source and who is certain of himself and little else. All doubt implies the possibility of error and therefore admits the distinction between subjectivity and objectivity. The knower is limited in ability to tell fact from belief, false from true objects and engages in reality testing, an activity that will result in more or less certainty regarding the reality of the object. According to Russell, "we need a description of the fact which would make a given belief true" where "Truth is a property of beliefs." Knowledge is "true beliefs". This framework of presumptions is termed the Theory of the Real.
DataMapper
DataMapper is an object-relational mapper library written in Ruby that follows the active record pattern even though the name implies it follows the data mapper pattern. While DataMapper 1 may not have achieved total decoupling between object and database suggested by the data mapper pattern, it appears DataMapper 2 intended to change this ("a la" Virtus, a library adapted from DataMapper). The DataMapper 2 project was renamed before launch and was released as Ruby Object Mapper (ROM) in August 2013.
Rubychem
RubyChem (pronounced /ˈruːˈbeːˈkːˈem/) is a freely available (MIT License) program, written in Ruby, supporting the calculation of moles, balancing chemical equations and valence orbital calculations.
Ruby (programming language)
According to the Ruby FAQ, the syntax is similar to Perl and the semantics are similar to Smalltalk, but it differs greatly from Python.
Swift (programming language)
Similarly to C# and in contrast to most other OO languages, Swift offers built-in support for objects using either pass-by-reference or pass-by-value semantics, the former using the codice_44 declaration and the latter using codice_45. Structs in Swift have almost all the same features as classes: methods, implementing protocols, and using the extension mechanisms. For this reason, Apple terms all data generically as "instances", versus objects or values. Structs do not support inheritance, however.
Function object
In Lisp family languages such as Common Lisp, Scheme, and others, functions are objects, just like strings, vectors, lists, and numbers. A closure-constructing operator creates a "function object" from a part of the program: the part of code given as an argument to the operator is part of the function, and so is the lexical environment: the bindings of the lexically visible variables are "captured" and stored in the function object, which is more commonly called a closure. The captured bindings play the role of "member variables", and the code part of the closure plays the role of the "anonymous member function", just like operator () in C++.
Ruby Version Manager
The entire ruby environment including the Ruby interpreter, installed RubyGems, and documentation is partitioned. A developer can then switch between the different versions to work on several projects with different version requirements. In addition to MRI, the standard Ruby interpreter, RVM functions as an installer for various other implementations of Ruby. These include JRuby, mruby, MacRuby, IronRuby, Maglev, Rubinius, Ruby Enterprise Edition, Topaz, and GoRuby (an interpreter optimized for code golf). In addition, RVM supports the installation of patched versions of MRI.
Ruby (programming language)
Modern Ruby versions and implementations are available on many operating systems, such as Linux, BSD, Solaris, AIX, [[macOS]], Windows, [[Windows Phone]], [[Windows CE]], [[Symbian OS]], BeOS, and [[IBM i]].
Local variable
Ruby as a language was inspired also by Perl, but in this case, the notation was made simpler: a global variable name must be preceded by a $ sign, like codice_13, while a local variable has simply no $ sign in front of its name, like codice_14 (while in perl all scalar values have a $ in front). Note that Ruby only provides built-in support for statically-scoped local variables like Perl's codice_4, not dynamically-scoped local variables like Perl's codice_3. There is at least one library for Ruby that provides dynamically-scoped variables.
Distributed object
Distributed Ruby (DRb) is a framework for distributed objects using the Ruby programming language.
Ruby Sparks
Calvin's brother Harry and sister-in-law Susie come to visit and Susie finds articles of women's clothing around the house. That night while writing before falling asleep at his typewriter, Calvin writes a passage with Ruby admitting that he is not the kind of guy she usually goes for and yet she is falling in love with him. 
The next day, Calvin is stunned to find Ruby in his kitchen, an actual living person. Thinking he is going crazy, he calls Harry, who does not believe him and advises him to meet with someone to take his mind off things. Ruby is confused by his behavior and insists on coming along, but he leaves her to shop while he meets Mabel, a young fan of his book who had given him her number. Ruby finds them and believes he is cheating on her. In the ensuing confrontation, Calvin discovers that others can actually see Ruby, proving that she is real and not a figment of his imagination. Calvin explains that he feels overwhelmed, and they break down in love.
Ruby (programming language)
Input:
Entry point
'Several space-separared command line arguments can be read using COMMAND$(n)
commandline1 = COMMAND$(2)
In Ruby, there is no distinct main function. The code written without additional "codice_108", "codice_109" enclosures is executed directly, step by step, in context of special "codice_1" object. This object can be referenced using:
Ring (mathematics)
Let "C" be a category with finite products. Let pt denote a terminal object of "C" (an empty product). A ring object in "C" is an object "R" equipped with morphisms formula_261 (addition), formula_262 (multiplication), formula_263 (additive identity), formula_264 (additive inverse), and formula_265 (multiplicative identity) satisfying the usual ring axioms. Equivalently, a ring object is an object "R" equipped with a factorization of its functor of points formula_266 through the category of rings: formula_267.
Sterling Ruby
SOFTWORK
Free object
is the set of all words, and
Relational operator
Ruby uses codice_50 to mean "b is a member of the set a", though the details of what it means to be a member vary considerably depending on the data types involved. codice_51 is here known as the "case equality" or "case subsumption" operator.
Apache Buildr
Though Buildr's general philosophy is similar to Maven, it uses Ruby's scripting possibilities to provide a more flexible and customizable programming model. The user writes a Ruby build script, declaring a project, its sub-projects, artifacts, dependencies, packaging rules, etc. Based on these declarations, a list of standard targets are provided to compile or package the project, upload a prepared package to a remote repository, clean up the build results, run tests and so on. Hooks are provided to execute custom Ruby code before or after the standard targets, allowing the user to comfortably override any defaults and further specify the behavior of the standard targets. New, completely user-written targets can be added.
Object request broker
In object-oriented languages, an ORB actually provides a framework which enables remote objects to be used over the network, in the same way as if they were local and part of the same process. On the client side, so-called "stub" objects are created and invoked, serving as the only part visible and used inside the client application. After the stub's methods are invoked, client-side ORB performs the marshalling of invocation data, and forwards the request to the server-side ORB. On the server side, ORB locates the targeted object, executes the requested operation, and returns the results. Having the results available, client's ORB performs the demarshalling and passes the results back into the invoked stub, making them available to the client application. The whole process is transparent, resulting in remote objects appearing as if they were local.
Ruby Button
Ruby was initially described as "sneaky" and likely to "cause mayhem at the expense of [Duncan]". The official "Hollyoaks" website described Ruby as a "tearaway". They dubbed her the "Rubester" and said she "occupies herself with tormenting others" including her best friend, Esther Bloom (Jazmine Franks). Ruby is illiterate, which is her "Achilles heel". However, she does not let her illiteracy stop her causing trouble. Digital Spy called Ruby a "bitchy schoolgirl" who is sharp-tongued. Series producer, Emma Smithwick, said she wants the character of Ruby to be "more full and not two-dimensional". Shaffer told "OK Extra" that Ruby is a "tart with a heart", but finds it hard to trust people. She said "[Ruby] has deep-seated insecurities and she feels quite lonely."
List of Pokémon Adventures characters
It is revealed in Volume 21 that Ruby likes Sapphire and she was the girl who Ruby had rescued, though neither of them recognized the other when they met at the beginning of the arc. Ruby realizes her identity when she reminisces the event, and reveals his identity to her by showing her a scar on his forehead, which he sustained while holding off a wild Salamence.
Smalltalk
As in other object-oriented languages, the central concept in Smalltalk-80 (but not in Smalltalk-72) is that of an "object". An object is always an "instance" of a "class". Classes are "blueprints" that describe the properties and behavior of their instances. For example, a GUI's window class might declare that windows have properties such as the label, the position and whether the window is visible or not. The class might also declare that instances support operations such as opening, closing, moving and hiding. Each particular window object would have its own values of those properties, and each of them would be able to perform operations defined by its class.
Immutable object
In JavaScript, some built-in types (numbers, strings) are immutable, but custom objects are generally mutable. 
function doSomething(x) { /* does changing x here change the original? */ };
var str = 'a string';
var obj = { an: 'object' };
doSomething(str); // strings, numbers and bool types are immutable, function gets a copy
doSomething(obj); // objects are passed in by reference and are mutable inside function
doAnotherThing(str, obj); // `str` has not changed, but `obj` may have.
To simulate immutability in an object, one may define properties as read-only (writable: false).
var obj = {};
Object.defineProperty(obj, 'foo', { value: 'bar', writable: false });
obj.foo = 'bar2'; // silently ignored
However, the approach above still lets new properties be added. Alternatively, one may use Object.freeze to make existing objects immutable. 
var obj = { foo: 'bar' };
Object.freeze(obj);
obj.foo = 'bars'; // cannot edit property, silently ignored
obj.foo2 = 'bar2'; // cannot add property, silently ignored
The use of immutable state has become a rising trend in JavaScript since the introduction of React, which favours Flux-like state management patterns such as Redux.
Ruby Sparks
Calvin, distraught and ashamed, writes a final page, which states that as soon as Ruby leaves the house she is no longer his creation, no longer subject to his will, and she is free. He leaves the manuscript outside her door with a note telling her to read the last page and that he loves her. The next morning, Calvin finds that the note is gone and Ruby has vanished.
Paradise (novel)
Ruby
Uniform access principle
The above initial code segment would work fine with the Egg being defined as such. The Egg
class could also be defined as below, where color is instead a method. The calling code would
still work, unchanged if Egg were to be defined as follows.
Note how even though codice_1 looks like an attribute in one case and a pair of methods
in the next, the interface to the class remains the same. The person maintaining the Egg class can switch from one form to the other without fear of breaking any caller's code.
Ruby follows the revised UAP, the codice_2 only acts as syntactic sugar for generating accessor/setter methods for codice_1. There is no way in Ruby to retrieve an instance variable from an object without calling a method on it.
Ruby Button
Ruby arrives in Hollyoaks village to stay with her brother, Duncan Button, after leaving home. Duncan allows Ruby to move in with him. Bart McQueen (Jonny Clarke) tries to impress Ruby by stealing a car and taking her joyriding. Bart hits Jason Costello (Victoria Atkin) and he and Ruby flee the scene. Ruby begins dating Duncan's best friend, Ricky Campbell (Ashley Margolis). Ricky ends the relationship after he sees Ruby bullying a younger pupil at school. In retaliation, Ruby attempts to get Ricky expelled from school, but ultimately fails. Ruby gets her friend, Sinead O'Connor, to write a love letter from their friend, Esther Bloom, to teaching assistant, Amy Barnes. Amy discovers that Ruby and Sinead wrote the letter and as punishment, asks them to write apology letters to Esther. Ruby refuses and admits that she is illiterate. Ruby explains that her parents obsession with fame caused her illiteracy. Esther reveals Ruby's illiteracy to school headmaster, Pete Hamill, who offers to help Ruby. Ruby develops an attraction to Pete.
Alexius Meinong
Certain objects can exist (mountains, birds, etc.); others cannot in principle ever exist, such as the objects of mathematics (numbers, theorems, etc.): such objects simply subsist. Finally, a third class of objects cannot even subsist, such as impossible objects (e.g. square circle, wooden iron, etc.). Being-given is not a minimal mode of being, because it is not a mode of being at all. Rather, to be "given" is just to be an object. Being-given, termed "absistence" by J. N. Findlay, is better thought of as a mode of non-being than as a mode of being. Absistence, unlike existence and subsistence, does not have a negation; everything absists. (Note that all objects absist, while some subset of these subsist, of which a yet-smaller subset exist.) The result that everything absists allows Meinong to deal with our ability to affirm the non-being ("Nichtsein") of an object. Its absistence is evidenced by our act of intending it, which is logically prior to our denying that it has being.
Smalltalk
Since all values are objects, classes are also objects. Each class is an instance of the "metaclass" of that class. Metaclasses in turn are also objects, and are all instances of a class called Metaclass. Code blocks—Smalltalk's way of expressing anonymous functions—are also objects.
Fluent interface
In Ruby strings are instances of a String class, by defining new methods to the String class which each returns strings, we natively allow chaining of methods. In the example below, we define three new methods: indent, prefix and suffix. Each returning a string and hence an instance of String that has the three defined methods.
Ruby Blast
"Ruby Blast" and "Ruby Blast Adventures" are match 3 puzzle games in which players attempt to match three or more gems to help Ruby, the game’s protagonist, recover ancient artifacts. As players match gems, they dig deeper into a mine by activating power-ups. In the connected, multi-platform game, all progress including scores, gems, coins, levels and in-game currency is synchronized between the mobile and Web versions. Players view their friends’ scores and compete to rise to the top of the leaderboard. Both the mobile and Web versions enable players to compete in weekly tournaments and offer ways to help out their friends. The Web game also offers an Adventure Mode, in which players advance through multiple levels and have the ability to compete against other players globally for prizes.
Constant (computer programming)
One enforced convention is that in Ruby, any variable that begins with a capital letter is considered a constant, including class names.
Ruby Button
Colin Grimshaw begins tutoring Ruby to read and write. Ruby falsely claims that Colin touched her inappropriately. Pete convinces Ruby that Colin was only trying to comfort her. In their next tutoring session, Ruby brands Colin a pervert and he slaps her. Pete sees this and suspends Colin. Pete offers to be Ruby's new tutor, which she accepts. Ruby plans a house party when her legal guardians, Frankie and Jack Osborne go on vacation. Jack asks his son, Darren, and Darren's girlfriend, Nancy Hayton, to babysit Ruby whilst they are away. Nancy foils Ruby's plans and secretly cancels the party. Upon discovering this, Ruby argues with Nancy and decides to run away. Whilst trying to hitch a lift out of the village, Ruby meets Riley Costello and Doug Carter and introduces herself as Alicia. She joins them on their night out and becomes intoxicated. Ruby goes home with Doug and they passionately kiss, but she falls asleep. Doug discovers Ruby's real age and calls Riley. Ruby wakes up and hears them discussing her. She takes Riley's football training top as she is unable to find her own top and sneaks out. Doug and Riley find Ruby and return her home. Ruby lies to Esther, telling her that she and Riley had sex. Riley's fiancé, Mercedes McQueen, confronts Ruby and tells her to stop spreading lies about Riley.
ERuby
The View module of the rails is responsible to display the response or output on a browser. In its simplest form, a view can be a piece of HTML code which has some static content. For most applications, just having static content may not be enough. Many Rails applications will require dynamic content created by the controller (action method) to be displayed in their view. This is made possible by using Embedded Ruby to generate templates which can contain dynamic content. Embedded Ruby allows ruby code to be embedded in a view document. This code gets replaced with proper value resulted from the execution of the code at run time. But, by having the ability to embed code in a view document, we risk bridging the clear separation present in the MVC frame. It is thus the responsibility of the developer to make sure that there is a clear separation of responsibility among the model, view and controller modules of his/her application.
Ruby the Galactic Gumshoe
"Ruby" is a comic science fiction treatment of the hardboiled detective genre; the original series took place on the planet of Summa Nulla ("the high point of nothing") although later series took Ruby to other planets and solar systems.
Metaclass
Following the standard definition of metaclasses we can conclude that codice_38 and codice_72 are the only metaclasses in Ruby.
This seems to contradict the correspondence between Ruby and Smalltalk,
since in Smalltalk-80, every class has its own metaclass.
The discrepancy is based on the disagreement between
the codice_68 introspection method in Ruby and Smalltalk. While the map "x ↦ x."codice_68 coincides on terminal objects, it differs in the restriction to classes. As already mentioned above, for a class codice_78, the Ruby expression codice_79 evaluates constantly to codice_38. In Smalltalk-80, if codice_78 is a class then the expression codice_82 corresponds
to the Ruby's codice_83
– which evaluates to the eigenclass of codice_78.
Ruby (programming language)
There are a variety of ways to define strings in Ruby.
List of Pokémon Adventures characters
Ruby may dislike Pokémon Battles, but he is a capable Pokémon Trainer in his own right. At the age of six, he actually liked climbing trees and battling Pokémon. However, when he injured himself while protecting a girl from a Salamence, the girl became frightened and cried. Ruby assumed at the time that the reason the girl was scared was because he fought too fiercely and too wildly. From that day onwards, he tried not to battle, only resorting to it when no one else was watching him or he has no other choice, focusing only on the beauty and non-combat qualities of his Pokémon.
Ruby (color)
Ruby is a color that is a representation of the color of the cut and polished ruby gemstone and is a shade of red or pink.
JavaScript syntax
JavaScript has several kinds of built-in objects, namely Array, Boolean, Date, Function, Math, Number, Object, RegExp and String. Other objects are "host objects", defined not by the language, but by the runtime environment. For example, in a browser, typical host objects belong to the DOM (window, form, links, etc.).
Ruby Sparks
Calvin introduces Ruby to Harry, who is incredulous at first and suggests alternate explanations. However, Calvin soon proves that his writing directly affects Ruby. Explaining how he loves her, Calvin asks Harry not to tell anyone of Ruby's origins. Although Harry warns him that women are mysterious creatures and that things may change, Calvin insists that since he wrote her into existence, he knows her and asserts that he will never write about Ruby again.
Ruby Allen
Ruby returns to Walford and reunites with Stacey. Ruby attends the school reunion of Stacey's husband, Martin Fowler (James Bye), where Ruby flirts with Martin's friend Ross Swinden (Ossian Luke). The next day, Ruby tells Stacey that she went back to Ross' house afterwards and had sex with him, but woke up with Martin's other friend, Matt Clarkson (Mitchell Hunt), on top of her. Stacey tells Ruby that she was raped by Matt and eventually Ruby reports this to the police. Ruby moves into a flat on Albert Square. A photograph emerges of Ruby kissing Matt in the club the night before and Ruby is devastated when the police receive it. However, both Matt and Ross are charged with rape. It is then reported in the local newspaper, though none of the people involved are named, but Ruby starts to get tagged in online photos taken in E20 that night with comments implying Ruby's rape allegation is false.
Class (computer programming)
In some languages, such as Python, Ruby or Smalltalk, a class is also an object; thus each class is an instance of a unique metaclass that is built into the language.
Function object
Because of the variety of forms, the term Functor is not generally used in Ruby to mean a Function object.
Just a type of dispatch delegation introduced by the Ruby Facets project is named as Functor. The most basic definition of which is:
SQLObject
SQLObject is a Python object-relational mapper between a SQL database and Python objects. It is experiencing community popularity, and forms a part of many applications (e.g., TurboGears). It is very similar to Ruby on Rails' ActiveRecord in operation in that it uses class definitions to form table schemas, and utilizes the language's reflection and dynamism to be useful.
Ruby (programming language)
Or invoke a method on each item (codice_24 is a synonym for codice_25):
Minecraft
"Minecraft" is a 3D sandbox game that has no specific goals to accomplish, allowing players a large amount of freedom in choosing how to play the game. However, there is an achievement system. Gameplay is in the first-person perspective by default, but players have the option for third-person perspective. The game world is composed of rough 3D objects—mainly cubes and fluids, and commonly called "blocks"—representing various materials, such as dirt, stone, ores, tree trunks, water, and lava. The core gameplay revolves around picking up and placing these objects. These blocks are arranged in a 3D grid, while players can move freely around the world. Players can "mine" blocks and then place them elsewhere, enabling them to build things.
Ruby (programming language)
According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including functional, object-oriented, and imperative. It also has a dynamic type system and automatic memory management.
Object (computer science)
Rather than structure programs as code and data, an object-oriented system integrates the two using the concept of an "object". An object has state (data) and behavior (code). Objects can correspond to things found in the real world. So for example, a graphics program will have objects such as "circle", "square", "menu". An online shopping system will have objects such as "shopping cart, customer, product". The shopping system will support behaviors such as "place order", "make payment", and "offer discount". The objects are designed as class hierarchies. So for example with the shopping system there might be high level classes such as "electronics product", "kitchen product", and "book". There may be further refinements for example under "electronic products": "CD Player, DVD player", etc. These classes and subclasses correspond to sets and subsets in mathematical logic.
Ruby (programming language)
Ruby 2.6.0 was released on Christmas Day in 2018. A few notable changes include:Matsumoto has said that Ruby is designed for programmer productivity and fun, following the principles of good user interface design. At a Google Tech Talk in 2008 Matsumoto further stated, "I hope to see Ruby help every programmer in the world to be productive, and to enjoy programming, and to be happy. That is the primary purpose of Ruby language." He stresses that systems design needs to emphasize human, rather than computer, needs:
Child of the Moon
Spencer comes to the police station and accuses Ruby of the murder. After David refuses Spencer's demand that Ruby be turned over to the will of the townspeople, Spencer denounces David and Ruby to an angry mob that then breaks into the station, only to find that Ruby is gone. She is at the library, where Belle (Emilie de Ravin) has agreed to hide her. Over Ruby's warnings, Belle plans to stay through the night with a chained Ruby. But Ruby instead traps Belle and goes to face the mob, believing she deserves death. Granny's tracking skills lead David to uncover Ruby's hood and the real murder weapon, an axe, in the trunk of a car registered to Spencer. Spencer and the mob corner Ruby in her wolf form and Spencer points his gun at her, but Granny disarms Spencer with a crossbow. David identifies Spencer as the murderer and demands that the mob stand down. He calms Ruby and puts the hood over her, restoring her human form. After Spencer flees, David and Ruby pursue him but catch him only after he destroys Jefferson's hat in a fire; David points his gun at him, but lets him live. At the loft, Ruby reassures David that they'll find a way to bring his family home. She leaves the hood with him so she can run free as a wolf.
Shoes (GUI toolkit)
Shoes has all the common widgets you would expect for creating a graphical application as well as graphic primitives to draw art like
lines, circles, and even physics (via Chipmunk) cRruby extensions. Shoes 3 includes it own embedded MRI/cRuby Ruby and does not require the end user to install Ruby. It provides a customized Rubygems environment that does not conflict with any existing Ruby that might exist.
Object-oriented programming
In prototype-based languages the "objects" are the primary entities. No "classes" even exist. The "prototype" of an object is just another object to which the object is linked. Every object has one "prototype" link (and only one). New objects can be created based on already existing objects chosen as their prototype. You may call two different objects "apple" and "orange" a fruit, if the object "fruit" exists, and both "apple" and "orange" have "fruit" as their prototype. The idea of the "fruit" class doesn't exist explicitly, but as the equivalence class of the objects sharing the same prototype. The attributes and methods of the "prototype" are delegated to all the objects of the equivalence class defined by this prototype. The attributes and methods "owned" individually by the object may not be shared by other objects of the same equivalence class; e.g. the attributes "sugar content" may be unexpectedly not present in "apple". Only single inheritance can be implemented through the prototype.
Ruby (programming language)
Matsumoto originally did Ruby development on the [[BSD|4.3BSD]]-based [[Sony NEWS|Sony NEWS-OS]] 3.x, but later migrated his work to [[SunOS]] 4.x, and finally to [[Linux]].
Microsoft Active Accessibility
The Names for elements in an application are assigned in the code by the developer. Many objects such as icons, menus, check boxes, combo boxes, and other controls have labels that are displayed to users. Any label that is displayed to users on a control (e.g., a button) is the default for the object's name property. Ensure the Name of the object makes sense to a user and describes the control properly. The Name property must not include the control role or type information, such as button or list, or it will conflict with the text from the role property (acquired from GetRoleText function of MSAA API).
Constructor (object-oriented programming)
In Ruby, constructors are created by defining a method called codice_72. This method is executed to initialize each new instance.
Everything (video game)
"Everything" is a simulation game where the player has the ability to explore a procedurally generated universe and control various objects within it. The player starts as one of several possible creatures and has the ability to move around. Initially, the player can shift their control to any creature or object smaller than the current one they occupy; this shifts the scale of the game to reflect this. Eventually the player can only shift into smaller and smaller parts of matter, down to the sub-atomic level, after which the game then allows the player to shift to larger objects as well. From this point, the player can take forms that include landmasses, planets, and whole star systems. As the player moves and shifts forms, they will find other creatures or objects speaking to them. The game uses a number of levels of "existence", representing different length scales, which the player can move between as they shift into different objects.
Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire
The basic mechanics of "Ruby" and "Sapphire" are largely the same as their predecessors'. As with all "Pokémon" games for hand-held consoles, gameplay is in third-person, overhead perspective and consists of three basic screens: a field map, in which the player navigates the main character; a battle screen; and the menu, in which the player configures their party, items, or gameplay settings. The player begins the game with one Pokémon, and can capture more using Poké Balls. The player can also use their Pokémon to battle other Pokémon. When the player encounters a wild Pokémon or is challenged by a trainer to a battle, the screen switches to a turn-based battle screen where the Pokémon fight. During battle, the player may fight, use an item, switch their active Pokémon, or flee (the last is not an option in battles against trainers). All Pokémon have hit points (HP); when a Pokémon's HP is reduced to zero, it faints and cannot battle until it is revived. If the player's Pokémon defeats the opposing Pokémon (causes it to faint), it receives experience points. After accumulating enough experience points, it may level up; most Pokémon evolve into a new species of Pokémon when they reach a certain level.
TOM (object-oriented programming language)
It is this latter ability that represents "the whole idea". Unlike Objective-C's categories that allowed only new methods to be built onto existing classes, TOM allowed the addition of class and instance variables, new methods, even new superclasses. This results in the redefinition of "class" as "a class is defined by its main definition and any extensions", these extensions have become a first-class citizen of the language (similarly to Ruby).
Ruby License
JRuby is an implementation of the Ruby programming language atop the Java Virtual Machine. It distributes some additional libraries that are not covered by JRuby's license, like most files found in src/lib/ruby/1.8, which are distributed under Ruby license.
Autovivification
Ruby hashes can take a block specifying an object to be returned for non-existing indexes. These can be used to implement autovivificious maps.
Ruby (programming language)
A method such as codice_18 can accept both a parameter and a block. The codice_18 method iterates over each member of a list, performing some function on it while retaining an aggregate. This is analogous to the codice_20 function in [[functional programming languages]]. For example:
Ruby License
Copyleft is a general method to make a program (or other type of work) free, demanding that all modified and extended versions of it are also free.
Rainbow Ruby
At Ruby's house, a small event related to the main plot of each episode occurs, before a red jewellery on the chest of Choco, Ruby's Teddy bear, flashes with a melody. Ruby then takes Choco to her room, and the two 'transport' themselves to the Rainbow Village. There, Ruby hears an explanation from Ling Ling, the mayor of Rainbow Village, and transforms herself using her Rainbow Roller into an appropriate clothing to solve problems. Each episode concludes, back home, with another small event.
The series is distributed as 52 single episodes and as 26 "double feature" episodes. The airings on Family Jr. in Canada are shown in the form of the latter.
Rinda (Ruby programming language)
Rinda provides a framework by which multiple Ruby processes (which or may not be running on the same machine) can add, access and modify tuples (an ordered list of elements) stored in a shared data repository (the tuplespace).
Symbol (programming)
Symbols are objects of the codice_1 class in Ruby:
Ruby MRI
Yukihiro Matsumoto ("Matz") started working on Ruby on February 24, 1993, and released it to the public in 1995. "Ruby" was named as a gemstone because of a joke within Matsumoto's circle of friends alluding to the name of the Perl programming language.
Comparison of programming languages (associative array)
Ruby also supports many other useful operations on hashes, such as merging hashes, selecting or rejecting elements that meet some criteria, inverting (swapping the keys and values), and flattening a hash into an array.
Universal set
The category of sets can also be considered to be a universal object that is, again, not itself a set. It has all sets as elements, and also includes arrows for all functions from one set to another. 
Again, it does not contain itself, because it is not itself a set.
Sigil (computer programming)
In Ruby, ordinary variables lack sigils, but "codice_2" is prefixed to global variables, "codice_6" is prefixed to instance variables, and "codice_42" is prefixed to class variables. Ruby also uses (strictly conventional) suffix sigils: "codice_11" indicates a predicate method returning (usually) a boolean value; and "codice_44" indicates that the method modifies the object it acts on as a side effect.
Object resurrection
A resurrected object may be treated the same as other objects, or may be treated specially. In many languages, notably C#, Java, and Python (from Python 3.4), objects are only finalized once, to avoid the possibility of an object being repeatedly resurrected or even being indestructible; in C# objects with finalizers by default are only finalized once, but can be re-registered for finalization. In other cases resurrected objects are considered errors, notably in Objective-C; or treated identically to other objects, notably in Python prior to Python 3.4.
?:
Example of using this operator in Ruby:
Returns "false value".
Factory Bot (Rails Testing)
Factory Bot, originally known as Factory Girl, is a software library for the Ruby programming language that provides factory methods to create test fixtures for automated software testing. The fixture objects can be created on the fly; they may be plain Ruby objects with a predefined state, ORM objects with existing database records or mock objects.
Ruby Lane
All items are sorted into the following “Lanes” or categories: Antiques, Vintage Collectibles, Dolls, Fine Art, Furniture & Lighting, Glass, Jewelry, Porcelain & Pottery, Silver, Vintage Fashion.
Ruby Button
Ruby was initially described as "sneaky" and likely to cause mayhem at Duncan's expense. Ruby is a tearaway and "occupies herself with tormenting others" including her best friend, Esther Bloom (Jazmine Franks). Ruby is illiterate and the official "Hollyoaks" website describe this as her "Achilles heel". However, Ruby does not let her illiteracy stop her causing trouble. The character has also been called a "bitchy schoolgirl" and sharp-tongued. Series producer, Emma Smithwick, said she wants the character of Ruby to be "more full and not two-dimensional".
Ruby (programming language)
Python's property descriptors are similar, but come with a tradeoff in the development process. If one begins in Python by using a publicly exposed instance variable, and later changes the implementation to use a private instance variable exposed through a property descriptor, code internal to the class may need to be adjusted to use the private variable rather than the public property. Ruby’s design forces all instance variables to be private, but also provides a simple way to declare codice_13 and codice_14 methods. This is in keeping with the idea that in Ruby, one never directly accesses the internal members of a class from outside the class; rather, one passes a message to the class and receives a response.
Ruby (hardware description language)
Ruby is a hardware description language created around 1990 intended to facilitate the notation and development of integrated circuits.
Ruby (programming language)
By 1999, Ruby was known to work across many different [[operating system]]s, including NEWS-OS, SunOS, [[AIX]], [[SVR4]], [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]], [[NEC]] [[UP-UX]], [[NeXTSTEP]], BSD, Linux, [[Classic Mac OS|Mac OS]], [[DOS]], [[Windows (operating system)|Windows]], and [[BeOS]].
Function object
Many modern (and some older) languages, e.g. C++, Eiffel, Groovy, Lisp, Smalltalk, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scala, and many others, support first-class function objects and may even make significant use of them. Functional programming languages additionally support closures, i.e. first-class functions that can 'close over' variables in their surrounding environment at creation time. During compilation, a transformation known as lambda lifting converts the closures into function objects.
CLU (programming language)
CLU does not perform implicit type conversions. In a cluster, the explicit type conversions "up" and "down" change between the abstract type and the representation. There is a universal type "any", and a procedure force[] to check that an object is a certain type. Objects may be mutable or immutable, the latter being "base types" such as integers, booleans, characters and strings.
Metaclass
The following diagrams show a sample core structure of Smalltalk-80 and Ruby in comparison.
In both languages, the structure consists of a built-in part which contains the circular objects (i.e. objects that appear in a cycle formed by a combination of blue or green links) and a user-part which has four explicit objects: classes codice_62 and codice_63
and terminal objects codice_64 and codice_65.
Green links show the child→parent relation of inheritance (with the implicit upward direction), blue links show the complementary member→container relation of instantiation (a blue link from "x" points to the least actual container of "x" that is the start point for the method lookup when a method is invoked on "x"). Gray nodes display the eigenclasses (resp. implicit metaclasses in the case of Smalltalk-80).
Northworld
Hansen first arrives in Diamond, a peaceful world that forbids weapons of any kind. Hansen encounters a warm welcome from the curious people, but he finds that the weapons he carries begin to disintegrate; however, he does not stay in Diamond long. Ruby, another world occupying the same dimensional space as Diamond, interposes itself over Diamond, causing Diamond's destruction.
Ruby (programming language)
Already present at this stage of development were many of the features familiar in later releases of Ruby, including object-oriented design, classes with inheritance, mixins, iterators, closures, exception handling and garbage collection.
Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is said to follow the principle of least astonishment (POLA), meaning that the language should behave in such a way as to minimize confusion for experienced users. Matsumoto has said his primary design goal was to make a language that he himself enjoyed using, by minimizing programmer work and possible confusion. He has said that he had not applied the principle of least astonishment to the design of Ruby, but nevertheless the phrase has come to be closely associated with the Ruby programming language. The phrase has itself been a source of surprise, as novice users may take it to mean that Ruby's behaviors try to closely match behaviors familiar from other languages. In a May 2005 discussion on the newsgroup comp.lang.ruby, Matsumoto attempted to distance Ruby from POLA, explaining that because any design choice will be surprising to someone, he uses a personal standard in evaluating surprise. If that personal standard remains consistent, there would be few surprises for those familiar with the standard.
Ruby License
The Ruby License is a license applied to the Ruby programming language and also available to be used in other projects. Some of these projects are projects based on Ruby programming Language.
Memory-mapped file
Ruby has a gem (library) called Mmap, which implements memory-mapped file objects.
Anonymous function
In R the anonymous functions are defined using the syntax codice_87 .
Ruby supports anonymous functions by using a syntactical structure called "block". There are two data types for blocks in Ruby. codice_88s behave similarly to closures, whereas codice_89s behave more analogous to an anonymous function. When passed to a method, a block is converted into a Proc in some circumstances.
Everything
Everything (or every thing) is all that exists; the opposite of nothing, or its complement. It is the totality of things relevant to some subject matter. Without expressed or implied limits, it may refer to anything. The Universe is everything that exists theoretically, though a multiverse may exist according to theoretical cosmology predictions. It may refer to an anthropocentric worldview, or the sum of human experience, history, and the human condition in general. Every object and entity is a part of everything, including all physical bodies and in some cases all abstract objects.
Ruby License
MacRuby is an implementation of Ruby 1.9 directly on top of Mac OS X core technologies such as the Objective-C runtime and garbage collector, the LLVM compiler infrastructure and the Foundation and ICU frameworks. MacRuby contains code from the Ruby project and the source code of the most MacRuby examples, unless specified, are covered by the Ruby license.
Ruby (programming language)
On the first pass, the block receives 10 (the argument to inject) as codice_21, and 1 (the first element of the array) as codice_22. This returns 11, which then becomes codice_21 on the next pass. It is added to 3 to get 14, which is then added to 5 on the third pass, to finally return 19.
Ruby (programming language)
In 1999, the first English language mailing list "ruby-talk" began, which signaled a growing interest in the language outside Japan. In this same year, Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka wrote the first book on Ruby, "The Object-oriented Scripting Language Ruby" (オブジェクト指向スクリプト言語 Ruby), which was published in Japan in October 1999. It would be followed in the early 2000s by around 20 books on Ruby published in Japanese.