Where is firewood banksia found as a native plant?
Banksia spinulosa
The hairpin banksia ("Banksia spinulosa") is a species of woody shrub, of the genus "Banksia" in the family Proteaceae, native to eastern Australia. Widely distributed, it is found as an understorey plant in open dry forest or heathland from Victoria to northern Queensland, generally on sandstone though sometimes also clay soils. It generally grows as a small shrub to in height, though can be a straggly tree to . It has long narrow leaves with inflorescences which can vary considerably in coloration; while the spikes are gold or less commonly yellowish, the emergent styles may be a wide range of colours – from black, purple, red, orange or yellow.
Banksia carlinoides
Banksia carlinoides, commonly known as Pink Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra carlinoides until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia attenuata
Banksia attenuata, commonly known as the candlestick banksia, slender banksia or biara as known by the Noongar aboriginal people, is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae. Commonly a tree, it reaches high, but is often a shrub in drier areas high. It has long narrow serrated leaves and bright yellow inflorescences, or flower spikes, held above the foliage, which appear in spring and summer. The flower spikes age to grey and swell with the development of the woody follicles. It is found across much of the southwest of Western Australia, from north of Kalbarri National Park down to Cape Leeuwin and across to Fitzgerald River National Park.
Banksia elderiana
"Banksia elderiana" has a woody base known as a lignotuber, from which it resprouts after fire. It has been shown to have a low to moderate susceptibility to dieback from the soil-borne water mould "Phytophthora cinnamomi", unlike many Western Australian banksias.
Banksia lepidorhiza
Banksia lepidorhiza is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia dentata
"Banksia dentata" is one of four "Banksia" species collected by Sir Joseph Banks in 1770, and one of the four species published in 1782 as part of Carolus Linnaeus the Younger's original description of "Banksia". Within the genus, it is classified in the series "Salicinae", a group of species from Australia's eastern states. Genetic studies show it is a basal member (early offshoot) within the group. "Banksia dentata" is found in tropical grassland known as savanna, associated with "Pandanus" and "Melaleuca". It regenerates from bushfire by regrowing from its woody base, known as a lignotuber.
Banksia pseudoplumosa
Banksia pseudoplumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia aurantia
All known populations lie within Wandoo National Park, at Little Darkin Swamp southeast of York. The species grows on flat, seasonally wet, low-lying areas of grey or white sand. The habitat is open woodland, and associated species include "Hakea prostrata", candlestick banksia ("Banksia attenuata"), holly pea ("Jacksonia floribunda") and "Melaleuca" species.
Banksia cirsioides
Banksia cirsioides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra cirsioides until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia purdieana
Banksia purdieana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia montana
"Banksia montana" is killed by bushfire and regenerates from seed. Taking up to nine years to flower and fruit from seed, it is thought to require bushfires at intervals of 18 years for best recovery. However, two fires in quick succession in its native habitat killed many plants with little recruitment. The species is also highly sensitive to dieback ("Phytophthora cinnamomi"), which has infested three of four extant populations.
Banksia sphaerocarpa
Banksia sphaerocarpa, commonly known as the fox banksia or round-fruit banksia, is a species of shrub or tree in the plant genus "Banksia" (family Proteaceae). It is generally encountered as a high shrub, and is usually smaller in the north of its range. This species has narrow green leaves, and brownish, orange or yellow round flower spikes which may be seen from January to July. It is widely distributed across the southwest of Western Australia, growing exclusively in sandy soils. It is usually the dominant plant in scrubland or low woodland. It is pollinated by, and is a food source for, birds, mammals, and insects.
Banksia rufa subsp. tutanningensis
Banksia rufa" subsp. "tutanningensis is a subspecies of "Banksia rufa". It was known as Dryandra ferruginea" subsp. "tutanningensis until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all "Dryandra" into "Banksia". Since the name "Banksia ferruginea" had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for "D. ferruginea" and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of "Banksia" ser. "Dryandra", it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia attenuata
The most widely distributed of all western banksias, "Banksia attenuata" occurs across a broad swathe of southwest of Western Australia, from Kalbarri National Park and the Murchison River (with an outlying population in Zuytdorp National Park) southwards right to the southwestern corner of the state at Augusta and Cape Leeuwin, and then eastwards across the south to the western edge of Fitzgerald River National Park. Along the eastern border northwards it is found at Lake Grace, Lake Magenta north of Jerramungup, and the Wongan Hills. It is restricted to various sandy soils, including white, yellow or brown sands, and sand over either laterite or limestone. It forms an important component of open "Eucalyptus" woodland as a dominant or understory tree or tall shrub. To the north, it is a shrubby component of shrubland. It does not grow on heavy (clay-based) soils, and is hence only found in sandy pockets. Within open woodland, it is found alongside "B. menziesii", "B. ilicifolia", "B. prionotes", "Allocasuarina fraseriana", "Eucalyptus marginata", or "E. gomphocephala". The annual rainfall within its distribution varies from .
Banksia
The first specimens of a "Dryandra" were collected by Archibald Menzies, surgeon and naturalist to the Vancouver Expedition. At the request of Joseph Banks, Menzies collected natural history specimens wherever possible during the voyage. During September and October 1791, while the expedition were anchored at King George Sound, he collected numerous plant specimens, including the first specimens of "Dryandra ("now" Banksia) sessilis" (Parrotbush) and "D. ("now" Banksia) pellaeifolia". Upon Menzies' return to England, he turned his specimens over to Banks; as with most other specimens in Banks' library, they remained undescribed for many years. Robert Brown gave a lecture, naming the new genus "Dryandra" in 1809, however Joseph Knight published the name "Josephia" before Brown published his paper with the description of "Dryandra". Brown ignored Knight's name, as did subsequent botanists.
Banksia sphaerocarpa var. dolichostyla
Banksia sphaerocarpa" var. "dolichostyla, commonly known as Ironcap Banksia, is a plant which is either considered a variety of "Banksia sphaerocarpa", or as a species in its own right. It is native to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. Seeds do not require any treatment, and take around 33 days to germinate.
Banksia nana
Banksia nana, commonly known as dwarf dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra nana until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia ilicifolia
"Banksia ilicifolia" grows exclusively on sandy soils; its range ends where heavy soils are evident. It especially favours low-lying areas. It generally grows in open woodland alongside such trees as jarrah ("Eucalyptus marginata"), candlestick banksia ("Banksia attenuata"), firewood banksia ("B. menziesii") and Western Australian Christmas tree ("Nuytsia floribunda"). Along the south coast, it grows in heath, sometimes forming stands with bull banksia ("B. grandis").
Banksia conferta subsp. penicillata
The Newnes Plateau banksia (Banksia conferta subsp. penicillata) is a plant only described in 1981 though collected in the 1970s. It was first described on the Newnes Plateau in the southernmost part of the Wollemi National Park, though more recent collections have widened its distribution, with the northernmost occurrence upon Mt Monundilla.
Banksia fasciculata
Banksia fasciculata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia proteoides
Banksia proteoides, commonly known as King Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra proteoides until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia armata var. ignicida
Banksia armata" var. "ignicida is a variety of shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia violacea
"Banksia violacea" is one of a small number of "Banksia" species that has both lignotuberous and non-lignotuberous populations. In both cases, plants are adapted to release their aerial seed bank following a bushfire, ensuring seedlings are established on clear and relatively fertile ground; however the possession of a lignotuber makes plants much less reliant on fire regime for population maintenance and regeneration, as maternal plants are not killed by bushfire, but resprout from below ground level. Lignotuberous plants generally occur among the north-eastern populations, in the vicinity of Woodanilling. An investigation into the biogeography of these plants failed to find any vegetative, climatic or other environmental factors associated with the possession of a lignotuber.
Banksia laricina
The rose-fruited banksia ("Banksia laricina") is a species of shrub in the plant genus "Banksia" endemic to southwestern Western Australia. It derives its specific Latin name from larix or larch, which its foliage is said to resemble. The common name comes from the striking fruits which resemble wooden roses. Other common names are rose banksia and pom-pom banksia.
Banksia ionthocarpa
Banksia ionthocarpa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra ionthocarpa until 2007.
Banksia wonganensis
Banksia wonganensis is a large shrub endemic to Western Australia that, until 2007, was previously known as "Dryandra wonganensis". It occurs within a small area in the vicinity of the Wongan Hills. It grows on lateritic soils in open woodland or amongst dense shrub. It is rare, but does not appear to be endangered.
Banksia elderiana
Banksia elderiana, commonly known as the swordfish banksia or palm banksia, is a species of shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs in two disjunct areas in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. One population extends over a large area from west of Kalgoorlie south to Ravensthorpe, with another population in the Great Victoria Desert north of the Queen Victoria Spring.
Banksia ericifolia
Banksia ericifolia, the heath-leaved banksia (also known as the lantern banksia or heath banksia), is a species of woody shrub of the family Proteaceae native to Australia. It grows in two separate regions of Central and Northern New South Wales east of the Great Dividing Range. Well known for its orange or red autumn inflorescences, which contrast with its green fine-leaved heath-like foliage, it is a medium to large shrub that can reach high and wide, though is usually half that size. In exposed heathlands and coastal areas it is more often .
Banksia lullfitzii
Banksia lullfitzii is a species of shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". A many-branched, spreading bush with golden-orange flowers, it occurs in scattered populations over a large area of the eastern goldfields of Western Australia. First described by Charles Gardner in 1966, it is placed in the taxonomic series "Cyrtostylis".
Banksia kippistiana
Banksia kippistiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra kippistiana until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia rufa subsp. flavescens
Banksia rufa" subsp. "flavescens is a subspecies of "Banksia rufa". It was known as Dryandra ferruginea" subsp. "flavescens until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all "Dryandra" into "Banksia". Since the name "Banksia ferruginea" had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for "D. ferruginea" and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of "Banksia" ser. "Dryandra", it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia rufa
Banksia rufa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published by Carl Meissner in 1855, where it was given the name Dryandra ferruginea by Richard Kippist. The following year, Meisner published what was purportedly a distinct species, "Dryandra runcinata". In 1870, George Bentham maintained "D. runcinata", but demoted "D. ferruginea" to a variety of "Banksia proteoides" (King Dryandra). This stood until 1996, when Alex George restored the specific rank of "D. ferruginea", and declared "D. runcinata" its synonym.
Banksia spinulosa
The hairpin banksia occurs along the east coast of Australia from the Dandenong Ranges east of Melbourne, Victoria, north through New South Wales and into Queensland. It is common north to Maryborough, with disjunct populations occurring as far north as the Atherton Tableland near Cairns. It occurs in a variety of habitats, from coastal heath ("spinulosa" and "collina") and elevated rocky slopes ("neoanglica" and "spinulosa") to inland dry sclerophyll forest dominated by eucalypts, where they form part of the understorey. Plants in exposed areas are generally considerably shorter than those in sheltered areas. It usually occurs on sand, but can be found in rocky clays or loams.
Banksia aemula
"Banksia aemula" is found along the east coast of Australia from around north of Bundaberg in central Queensland down to Sydney. Specifically, its southernmost occurrence is at La Perouse on the northern side of Botany Bay. It is also found on Fraser, Moreton and North Stradbroke Islands. Almost all populations are within a few kilometres of the coast, except for one at Agnes Banks in western Sydney, and two just north and south of Grafton at Coaldale and Glenreagh, and a last around southwest of Bundaberg.
Banksia saxicola
Banksia saxicola, commonly known as the rock banksia or Grampians banksia, is a species of tree or shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs in Victoria in two distinct populations, one in The Grampians and the other on Wilsons Promontory. Formerly considered to be a form of "B. integrifolia", it was described as a distinct species by Alex George in 1981. It is most closely related to "Banksia marginata".
Banksia rufa subsp. magna
Banksia rufa" subsp. "magna is a subspecies of "Banksia rufa". It was known as Dryandra ferruginea" subsp. "magna until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all "Dryandra" into "Banksia". Since the name "Banksia ferruginea" had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for "D. ferruginea" and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of "Banksia" ser. "Dryandra", it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia tenuis
Banksia tenuis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele. As the name "Banksia tenuifolia" had already been published in reference to the plant now known as "Hakea sericea" (Needlebush), Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet; their choice, "tenuis", retains the original names' use of the Latin "tenuis" ("thin"), in reference to the narrow leaves.
Banksia borealis
Banksia borealis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia chamaephyton
The fishbone banksia ("Banksia chamaephyton") is a species of prostrate shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs in sandplain country among low heath north of Perth, Western Australia.
Banksia menziesii
First described by the botanist Robert Brown in the early 19th century, no separate varieties of "Banksia menziesii" are recognised. It is found in Western Australia, from the Perth (32° S) region north to the Murchison River (27° S), and generally grows on sandy soils, in scrubland or low woodland. "Banksia menziesii" provides food for a wide array of invertebrate and vertebrate animals; birds and in particular honeyeaters are prominent visitors. A relatively hardy plant, "Banksia menziesii" is commonly seen in gardens, nature strips and parks in Australian urban areas with Mediterranean climates, but its sensitivity to dieback from the soil-borne water mould "Phytophthora cinnamomi" makes it short-lived in places with humid summers, such as Sydney. "Banksia menziesii" is widely used in the cut flower industry both in Australia and overseas.
Banksia laevigata subsp. fuscolutea
Banksia laevigata" subsp. "fuscolutea is a subspecies of "Banksia laevigata". It is native to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia petiolaris
Endemic to Western Australia, "Banksia petiolaris" is found near the state's south coast from the vicinity of Munglinup east to Israelite Bay, concentrated in two disjunct ranges – an eastern one around Cape Arid National Park, and western one east of Scaddan. It is found in white sandy soils in kwongan or mallee heathland, but sometimes occurs with the taller "B. speciosa". It is often locally common, with many populations over 100 plants in size.
Banksia media
The southern plains banksia ("Banksia media"), also known as golden stalk banksia, is a species of shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs on the south coast of Western Australia between Albany and Israelite Bay, where it is a common plant. A many-branched bush with wedge-shaped serrated leaves and large golden-yellow flower spikes, known as inflorescences, it grows up to 10 metres (30 ft) high.
Banksia stenoprion
Banksia stenoprion is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first described in 1855 by Swiss botanist Carl Meissner who gave it the name "Dryandra stenoprion". The species was transferred to the genus "Banksia" in 2007.
Banksia littoralis
Banksia littoralis, commonly known as the swamp banksia, swamp oak, pungura and the western swamp banksia, is a tree in the plant genus "Banksia". It is found in south west Western Australia from the south eastern metropolitan area of Perth (31°6′S ) to the Stirling Range (approximately 34 ° S) and Albany (35 ° S). It is often mistaken for the River Banksia ("Banksia seminuda"), as they share many similar characteristics.
Banksia arctotidis
Banksia arctotidis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra arctotidis until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia corvijuga
Banksia corvijuga is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia concinna
Banksia concinna is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra concinna until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia prionotes
Banksia prionotes, commonly known as acorn banksia or orange banksia, is a species of shrub or tree of the genus "Banksia" in the family Proteaceae. It is native to the southwest of Western Australia and can reach up to in height. It can be much smaller in more exposed areas or in the north of its range. This species has serrated, dull green leaves and large, bright flower spikes, initially white before opening to a bright orange. Its common name arises from the partly opened inflorescence, which is shaped like an acorn. The tree is a popular garden plant and also of importance to the cut flower industry.
Banksia tenuis var. tenuis
Banksia tenuis" var. "tenuis is a variety of "Banksia tenuis". It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia" var. "tenuifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all "Dryandra" into "Banksia". Since the name "Banksia tenuifolia" had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for "D. tenuifolia" and hence for this variety of it. As with other members of "Banksia" ser. "Dryandra", it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
Banksia quercifolia
The Oak-leaved Banksia ("Banksia quercifolia") is a species of shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs on the south coast of Western Australia from D'Entrecasteaux National Park in the west to Mount Manypeaks in the east.
Banksia lindleyana
Banksia lindleyana, commonly known as the porcupine banksia, is a species of woody shrub in the genus "Banksia" of the family Proteaceae. It generally grows as a small shrub to 1 m (3 ft) high with long narrow serrated leaves, and bright yellow oval or round inflorescences. Flowering occurs in late summer, after which time the flower spikes age and turn to brown and then grey, and develop up to 70 follicles. It occurs in the vicinity of Kalbarri, Western Australia. Found on sandy soils, the plant serves as a pollinator for a variety of bird and animal species.
Banksia serrata
"Banksia serrata" occurs on the Australian mainland from Wilsons Promontory, Victoria (39°08′ S) in the south, to Maryborough, Queensland (25°31′ S) in the north. There is also a large population at Sisters Creek in Tasmania and another in the south west corner of the Wingaroo Nature Reserve in the northern part of Flinders Island. The Wingaroo NR Conservation Plan (2000) reports that the population comprises around 60 to 80 individual trees, the majority of which are believed to be "quite old". It adds that there is evidence of slow and continuous regeneration, which appears to be occurring in the absence of fire.
Banksia plagiocarpa
Banksia plagiocarpa, commonly known as the Dallachy's banksia or blue banksia, is a species of shrub or tree in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs only on Hinchinbrook Island, Queensland and the immediately adjacent mainland. First collected in 1867, "Banksia plagiocarpa" was not described until 1981, when Alex George named it in his monograph of the genus "Banksia". Genetic studies show it to be related to "Banksia aquilonia", "Banksia oblongifolia" and "Banksia robur".
Banksia plumosa
Banksia plumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra plumosa until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia baueri
The woolly banksia ("Banksia baueri") is a species of shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs in southwest Western Australia north and east of Albany. It has a distinctively large and hairy looking inflorescence which can be 17 cm high and up to 13 cm wide.
Banksia aquilonia
"Banksia aquilonia" occurs in coastal areas of northern Queensland from the Cedar Bay National Park to Paluma Range National Park, in areas with an annual rainfall of . It occurs from near sea level to an altitude of , in a variety of habitats and aspects. It grows in wet sclerophyll forest or rainforest margins, on plateaus, ridges, slopes and low-lying swampy areas on sandy or rocky soils, generally of granitic origin, or sometimes clay. It commonly grows with tree species such as the pink bloodwood ("Corymbia intermedia"), forest red gum ("Eucalyptus tereticornis"), swamp turpentine ("Lophostemon suaveolens"), forest oak ("Allocasuarina torulosa"), and black sheoak ("A. littoralis"), and understorey species such as coin spot wattle ("Acacia cincinnata") and yellow wattle ("A. flavescens"). Much of its lowland habitat in the Wet Tropics has been degraded or fragmented. Although the range overlaps with "B. dentata", the two species are not known to occur together.
Banksia nutans
It is one of many banksias first described by the botanist Robert Brown in the early 19th century. It is not commonly seen in cultivation. Readily grown in areas with Mediterranean climates, its sensitivity to dieback makes it short-lived in climates of summer humidity such as Sydney.
Banksia falcata
Banksia falcata, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra falcata until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia platycarpa
Banksia platycarpa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia idiogenes
Banksia idiogenes is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra idiogenes until 2007.
Banksia stuposa
Banksia stuposa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra stuposa (or "stupposa") until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia menziesii
Together with "B. attenuata" (candlestick banksia), "B. menziesii" is a dominant component in a number of widespread vegetation complexes of the Swan Coastal Plain, including "Banksia" low woodland and Jarrah-"Banksia" woodland. These complexes only occur on deep, well-draining sand; in shallower, seasonally wet soils, "B. menziesii" and "B. attenuata" give way to other "Banksia" species such as "B. littoralis" (swamp banksia) or "B. telmatiaea" (swamp fox banksia). On the Geraldton Sandplains to the north, "B. menziesii" usually occurs as a shrub or small tree emergent above low heath.
Banksia foliosissima
Banksia foliosissima is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia aculeata
Banksia aculeata, commonly known as prickly banksia, is a species of plant of the family Proteaceae native to the Stirling Range in the southwest of Western Australia. A shrub up to tall, it has dense foliage and leaves with very prickly serrated margins. Its unusual pinkish, pendent (hanging) flower spikes, known as inflorescences, are generally hidden in the foliage and appear during the early summer. Although it was collected by the naturalist James Drummond in the 1840s, "Banksia aculeata" was not formally described until 1981, by Alex George in his monograph of the genus.
Banksia paludosa
Banksia paludosa, commonly known as the marsh or swamp banksia, is a species of shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It is native to New South Wales, Australia, where it is found between Sydney and Batemans Bay, with an isolated population further south around Eden. There are two recognised subspecies, the nominate of which is a spreading shrub to 1.5 m (5 ft) in height, and subsp. "astrolux" is a taller shrub to 5 m (16 ft) high found only in Nattai National Park.
Banksia marginata
In the Gibraltar Range National Park, it is a dominant shrub of open heathland and a non-dominant shrub of closed heath, mostly found in swampy heath associated with sedges. Plants here have some degree of self-compatibility. In the Sydney region, it grows in association with heath banksia ("Banksia ericifolia"), old man banksia ("B. serrata"), mountain devil ("Lambertia formosa"), lance-leaved geebung ("Persoonia lanceolata") and dwarf apple ("Angophora hispida") in heathland, and with silvertop ash ("Eucalyptus sieberi"), Blue Mountains ash ("E. oreades"), Sydney peppermint ("E. piperita"), scribbly gum ("E. haemastoma"), Blue Mountains mallee ash ("E. stricta"), brittle gum ("E. mannifera"), snow gum ("E. pauciflora") and red bloodwood ("Corymbia gummifera") in forested areas.
Banksia dentata
Across northern Australia, "Banksia dentata" has been recorded as far west as the King Leopold Ranges in the western Kimberley through the Northern Territory and extending south to Katherine Gorge and into Queensland, where it is found on the Cape York Peninsula to as far south as Cooktown. Off the coast, it has been recorded from Groote Eylandt and the Wessel Islands, as well as Melville and Bathurst Islands. It also extends onto the Aru Islands, where it is found around Trangan, and New Guinea, where it ranges in the south from Merauke east to Port Moresby, and around Bulolo and Mount Mau. It is the only "Banksia" species not endemic to Australia. As much of its range is in remote and poorly surveyed country, it is possible that it is found more widely than has been recorded. Pollen samples indicate it has been present on the Torres Strait Islands over the past 8000 years, though it has not been a prominent component of the island flora.
Banksia marginata
Banksia marginata, commonly known as the silver banksia, is a species of tree or woody shrub in the plant genus "Banksia" found throughout much of southeastern Australia. It ranges from the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia, to north of Armidale, New South Wales, and across Tasmania and the islands of Bass Strait. It grows in various habitats, including "Eucalyptus" forest, scrub, heathland and moorland. "Banksia marginata" varies widely in habit, ranging from a small shrub, high, to a large tree, tall. The narrow leaves are linear and the yellow inflorescences (flower spikes) occur from late summer to early winter. The flower spikes fade to brown and then grey and develop woody follicles bearing the winged seeds. Originally described by Antonio José Cavanilles in 1800, further collections of "B. marginata" were described as several separate species by Robert Brown in 1810. However, all were reclassified as a single species by George Bentham in 1870. No distinct subspecies have been recognised by "Banksia" expert Alex George, who nonetheless concedes that further work is needed.
Banksia densa
Banksia densa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra conferta until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele. As there was already a plant named "Banksia conferta" (Glasshouse Banksia), Mast and Thiele were forced to choose a new specific epithet; their choice, "densa", is from the Latin "densus" ("thick, close, compact"), in reference to the way the leaves are densely crowded around the inflorescences.
Banksia hewardiana
Banksia hewardiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published as Dryandra hewardiana by Carl Meissner in 1856. In 1870, George Bentham published what he held to be a closely related species under the name "Dryandra patens", but in 1999 Alex George declared this a synonym of "D. hewardiana". In 2007, all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele; hence the current name of the species is "Banksia hewardiana" (Meisn.) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele.
Banksia scabrella
"Banksia scabrella" is found in two disjunct areas of scattered populations; the first discovered being southeast of the small town of Walkaway south of Geraldton, while a more populous cluster is found southeast of Mount Adams in Western Australia. The average annual rainfall over its range is around 450 mm (18 in). It has been placed on the Declared Rare and Priority Flora List, where it is classified as a "Priority Four – Rare" taxon; although it is rare, it is not currently threatened by any identifiable factors. These taxa require monitoring every 5 to 10 years. Many stands are populous, and number over 100 plants. However, over half the known population of "B. scabrella" is found on road verges. Found in deep pale yellow or white sand in kwongan scrubland and heathland, "B. scabrella" grows on flat areas or gentle slopes and is found in association with "B. leptophylla" and a dwarf form of "B. attenuata".
Banksia subpinnatifida
Banksia subpinnatifida is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia blechnifolia
Endemic to Western Australia, "B. blechnifolia" is found in the state's south between Jerramungup and Gibson, and north towards the vicinity of Lake King. It grows in flat areas, on white sands in kwongan or mallee kwongan communities. It is not found within of the coast.
Banksia dentata
Banksia dentata, commonly known as the tropical banksia, is a species of tree in the genus "Banksia". It occurs across northern Australia, southern New Guinea and the Aru Islands. Growing as a gnarled tree to high, it has large green leaves up to long with dentate (toothed) margins. The cylindrical yellow inflorescences (flower spikes), up to high, appear over the cooler months, attracting various species of honeyeaters, sunbirds, the sugar glider and a variety of insects. Flowers fall off the ageing spikes, which swell and develop follicles containing up to two viable seeds each.
Banksia violacea
Banksia violacea, commonly known as violet banksia, is a species of shrub or tree in the plant genus "Banksia" (family Proteaceae). It generally grows as a small shrub to 1.5 m (5 ft) high with fine narrow leaves, and is best known for its unusually coloured dark purple-violet inflorescences. The colour of the inflorescences, short leaves, and flattened follicles which are sticky when young, help identify this species from others in the field. It is found in low shrubland in southern regions of Western Australia from Esperance in the east to Narrogin in the west, growing exclusively in sandy soils.
Banksia ilicifolia
Robert Brown described "Banksia ilicifolia" in 1810. Although "Banksia ilicifolia" is variable in growth form, with low coastal shrubby forms on the south coast near Albany, there are no recognised varieties as such. Distributed broadly, the species is restricted to sandy soils. Unlike its close relatives which are killed by fire and repopulate from seed, "Banksia ilicifolia" regenerates after bushfire by regrowing from epicormic buds under its bark. It is rarely cultivated.
Banksia erythrocephala
Banksia erythrocephala is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia tricuspis
Banksia tricuspis, commonly known as Lesueur banksia or pine banksia, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a stunted tree or shrub with narrow leaves and cylindrical spikes of golden-coloured flowers and it occurs in a geographic range of just 15 square kilometres near Jurien.
Banksia prionophylla
Banksia prionophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Known only from a single population of around 70 plants in a remote part of Western Australia, it is considered rare but not endangered. It was first discovered in 2001, and published under the genus "Dryandra" in 2005, before being transferred into "Banksia" in 2007.
Banksia rufistylis
Banksia rufistylis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia pallida
Banksia pallida is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia incana
The Hoary Banksia ("Banksia incana") is a species of small shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs on sandplain heathland between Badgingarra and Eneabba in Western Australia, with outlying populations as far south as Perth.
Banksia neoanglica
New England banksia occurs in two distinct forms. It is commonly a shrub with up to ten stems and an underground lignotuber but sometimes a single-stemmed small tree with a lignotuberous swelling just above or just below soil level. The former occurs in areas that are prone to bushfire, have few infructescences per plant and retain their seeds in the fruit until the shrub is burned. The single-stemmed form is found in areas such as the Lamington National Park where fire is rare, and these plants have many infructescences which release their seeds as the fruit matures.
Banksia fuscobractea
Banksia fuscobractea is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia lemanniana
"Banksia lemanniana" is found near the southern coast of Western Australia, most of its population protected within Fitzgerald River National Park. Outside the park, it reaches the Ravensthorpe Range to the northeast and the rabbit-proof fence to the east, as well as isolated populations westwards as far as Pallinup estuary. The annual rainfall is . It is found on the tops and slopes of hills as well as flatter areas on rocky or lateritic soil, as well as sand, in mallee scrubland or heath. "Banksia lemanniana" is relatively secure as much of its range lies within a National Park, and it is not a species collected for the cut flower industry. It is hence classified as Not Threatened under the Wildlife Conservation Act of Western Australia.
Banksia aquilonia
Banksia aquilonia, commonly known as the northern banksia, is a tree in the family Proteaceae native to north Queensland on Australia's northeastern coastline. With an average height of , it has narrow glossy green leaves up to long and high pale yellow flower spikes, known as inflorescences, appearing in autumn. As the spikes age, their flowers fall off and they develop up to 50 follicles, each of which contains two seeds.
Banksia speciosa
Banksia speciosa, commonly known as the showy banksia, is a species of large shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae. It occurs on the south coast of Western Australia between Hopetoun (33°57′ S) and the Great Australian Bight (approximately 33° S 130° E), growing on white or grey sand in shrubland. Reaching up to in height, it is a single-stemmed plant that has thin leaves with prominent triangular "teeth" along each margin, which are long and wide. The prominent cream-yellow flower spikes known as inflorescences appear throughout the year. As they age they develop up to 20 follicles each that store seeds until opened by fire. "Banksia speciosa". Though widely occurring, it is highly sensitive to dieback and large populations of plants have succumbed to the disease.
Banksia rufa subsp. rufa
Banksia rufa" subsp. "rufa is a subspecies of "Banksia rufa". It was known as Dryandra ferruginea" subsp. "ferruginea until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all "Dryandra" into "Banksia". Since the name "Banksia ferruginea" had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for "D. ferruginea" and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of "Banksia" ser. "Dryandra", it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
Banksia oligantha
Banksia oligantha, commonly known as Wagin banksia, is an endangered species in the plant family Proteaceae endemic to south west Western Australia. It belongs to "Banksia" subg. "Isostylis", a subgenus of three closely related "Banksia" species with dome-shaped heads as inflorescences, rather than characteristic "Banksia" flower spikes. A shrub or small tree up to high, it has prickly foliage and pink and cream flowerheads which appear in late Spring (October to December).
Banksia repens
Banksia repens, the Creeping Banksia, is a species of shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs on the south coast of Western Australia from D'Entrecasteaux National Park in the west to Mount Ragged in the east.
Banksia insulanemorecincta
Banksia insulanemorecincta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia columnaris
Banksia columnaris is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia menziesii
The common name of firewood banksia was a result of its quick-burning properties. Other names recorded include Menzies banksia, firewheel banksia, port wine banksia, flame banksia, and in the cut flower industry, strawberry banksia and raspberry frost banksia. The Beeloo Whadjuk Noongar people of the Perth region knew it as the "Mungyt". Despite its variation across its range, George noted that "B. menziesii" was a clearly defined species, and no formal division into subspecies was warranted.
Banksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia
Banksia pteridifolia" subsp. "pteridifolia is a subspecies of "Banksia pteridifolia"(Tangled Honeypot). As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra pteridifolia" subsp. "pteridifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all "Dryandra" into "Banksia". As with other members of "Banksia" ser. "Dryandra", it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia strictifolia
Banksia strictifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia telmatiaea
Banksia telmatiaea, commonly known as swamp fox banksia or rarely marsh banksia, is a shrub that grows in marshes and swamps along the lower west coast of Australia. It grows as an upright bush up to tall, with narrow leaves and a pale brown flower spike, which can produce profuse quantities of nectar. First collected in the 1840s, it was not published as a separate species until 1981; as with several other similar species it was previously included in "B. sphaerocarpa" (fox banksia).
Banksia meganotia
Banksia meganotia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
Banksia seneciifolia
Banksia seneciifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra seneciifolia until 2007, when all "Dryandra" species were transferred to "Banksia" by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia menziesii
Along with "Banksia attenuata", "Banksia menziesii" is a facultative phreatophyte. The two species are less strictly tied to the water table and hence able to grow in a wider variety of places within banksia woodland habitat around Perth than the co-occurring "Banksia ilicifolia" and "Banksia littoralis". Recent falls of the water table on the Swan Coastal Plain from use of the Gnangara Mound aquifer for Perth's water supply as well as years of below average rainfall have caused a drop in the population and vigour of "Banksia menziesii" since the mid-1960s. A 2009 Spanish study showed "Banksia menziesii" seedlings to be moderately sensitive to salinity. It is also sensitive to sulfur dioxide. A 1994 study by Byron Lamont and colleagues from Curtin University found that "Banksia menziesii" plants within of road verges had crowns two and a half times bigger, and set three times as many seeds as plants further away from the road, and that this was likely due to increased availability of nutrients and water from runoff.
Banksia brunnea
Banksia brunnea is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.