When was António de Oliveira Salazar born?
António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar (; ; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He was responsible for the "Estado Novo" ("New State"), the corporatist authoritarian government that ruled Portugal until 1974.
Manoel de Oliveira
Oliveira was born on 11 December 1908 in Porto, Portugal, to Francisco José de Oliveira and Cândida Ferreira Pinto. His family were wealthy industrialists and agricultural landowners. His father owned a dry-goods factory, produced the first electric light bulbs in Portugal and built an electric energy plant before he died in 1932. Oliveira was educated at the Colegio Universal in Porto before attending a Jesuit boarding school in Galicia, Spain. As a teenager his goal was to become an actor. At 17, he joined his brothers as an executive in his father's factories, where he remained for the majority of his adult life when not making films. In a 1981 "Sight and Sound" article, John Gillett describes Oliveira as having "spent most of his life in business ... making films only when circumstances allowed."
Constitution of Portugal
The Portuguese Constitution of 1933 was introduced by Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933, establishing the basis of the authoritarian Estado Novo regime, following the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. It is credited as the first constitution of any recognized country embracing corporatist principles (though predated significantly by the Charter of Carnaro), espousing a bicameral parliament, including a western-styled National Assembly, elected directly every four years, and the Corporative Chamber, representing different "corporations", schools, universities, colonies and local municipalities, in effect appointed by the National Assembly after its inaugural. The role of the Corporative Chamber was limited to that of an advisory body, while all legislation was handled by the Assembly under the direction of its only party or "movement", the National Union, an ideology-lacking beacon completely subordinate to the Salazar administration. The Constitution also stipulated for a strong President of Portugal, naming the Prime Minister on his own accord with no deference to the opinions of the Assembly required to be taken into consideration, such President to be elected every five years through direct elections with no term limits. Óscar Carmona served as President, although outmaneuvered politically by Salazar, until his death in 1951. The two following presidents, Craveiro Lopes and Américo Tomás, were more or less puppets of an aging Salazar, although the latter did not hesitate to use his wide-ranging powers to prevent Salazar's successor, Marcelo Caetano from performing changes aimed at reforming Portugal's authoritarian government. The direct consequence was the "coup d'état" of 1974.
Toño Salazar
Antonio "Toño" Salazar (June 1897 - December 1986) was a Salvadoran caricaturist, illustrator and diplomat. Born in Santa Tecla, in 1920 he went to study in Mexico on an art scholarship then in 1922 traveled to France to join the throng of artists and writers from around the world who were living, working, and learning in the Montparnasse Quarter of Paris.
António Dias de Oliveira
António Dias de Oliveira (20 July 1804, Valongo - 1 April 1863) was the President of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of Portugal from 2 June to 10 August 1837.
Bento de Jesus Caraça
Bento de Jesus Caraça, (18 April 1901 – 25 June 1948) was an influential Portuguese mathematician, economist and statistician . Caraça was also a member of the Portuguese Communist Party and so, he became one of the most famous personalities in the resistance against the authoritarian regime led by António Oliveira Salazar.
António José de Almeida
António José de Almeida, (; 27 July 1866 in Penacova, São Pedro de Alva – 31 October 1929 in Lisbon), son of José António de Almeida and his wife Maria Rita das Neves, was a Portuguese political figure. He served as the sixth President of Portugal from 1919 until 1923.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Despite the authoritarian character of the regime, Portugal did not experience the same levels of international isolation as Spain did following World War II. Unlike Spain, Portugal under Salazar was accepted into the Marshall Plan (1947–1948) in return for the aid it gave to the Allies during the final stages of the war. Furthermore, also unlike Spain, it was one of the 12 founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in 1949, a reflection of Portugal's role as an ally against communism during the Cold War in spite of its status as the only non-democratic founder. In 1950, Portugal joined the European Payments Union and participated in the founding of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1960 and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1961. It joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1962, and finally, Portugal signed a free trade agreement with the European Economic Community in 1972, still under the auspices of the "Estado Novo".
António Ferreira
António Ferreira (1528 – 29 November 1569) was a Portuguese poet and the foremost representative of the classical school, founded by Francisco de Sá de Miranda. His most considerable work, "Castro," is the first tragedy in Portuguese, and the second in modern European literature.
António de Oliveira Salazar
The Portuguese literary historian António José Saraiva, a communist and a fierce lifelong political opponent of Salazar, claimed that one who reads Salazar's "Speeches and Notes" is overwhelmed by the clarity and conciseness of style, the most perfect and captivating doctrinal prose that exists in Portuguese, underscored by a powerful emotional rhythm. According to Saraiva, Salazar's prose deserves a prominent place in the history of Portuguese literature, and only political barriers have deprived it of the place. Saraiva says it is written with the clarity of the great prose of the 17th century, cleansed of all the distractions and sloppiness that often obscures the prose of the Portuguese scholars.
Lázaro Oliveira
Lázaro Fonseca Costa Oliveira (born 27 August 1967), known simply as Lázaro in his playing days, is an Angolan retired footballer who played as a central midfielder, and is a manager.
António Eça de Queiroz
Eça de Queiroz was a strong supporter of the Salazar regime and he sought office in the new government when it took charge in 1932. Initially however he was only employed at a low level, representing Portugal at world fairs and similar events. He was the head of Salazar's official youth movement, the "Acção Escolar Vanguarda". In this capacity he represented Portugal at the 1934 Montreux Fascist conference despite Salazar officially disavowing fascism. At the time Eça de Queiroz was flirting with the National Syndicalists and it was as a representative of this group that he was announced at the conference. After the meeting he became secretary of the "Comitati d'Azione per l'Universalità di Roma" (CAUR), or the Action Committees for the Universality of Rome for Portugal, although Eugénio de Castro was President.
Os Piores Portugueses
On 13 February 2007, António de Oliveira Salazar was named worst Portuguese ever and also the Greatest Portuguese ever as the winner of the Os Grandes Portugueses contest.
Moisés Bensabat Amzalak
Amazalak was a public figure of great influence. He co-owned the newspaper "O Século", then one of the major daily newspapers in Portugal. He was a close friend and a supporter of Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar. Avraham Milgram says that Amzalak "holds a place of honor on the consciousness of the Lisbon Jews."
António de Oliveira Salazar
With the "Estado Novo" enabling him to exercise vast political powers, Salazar used censorship and a secret police to quell opposition, especially that related to the Communist movement. He supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War, and played a key role in keeping Portugal and Spain neutral during World War II. During his rule, despite the authoritarian regime, Portugal took part in the founding of important international organizations. Portugal was one of the 12 founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in 1949, joined the European Payments Union in 1950, and was one of the founding members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1960, and a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1961. Under his rule Portugal also joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1962, and began the Portuguese Colonial War. The doctrine of Pluricontinentalism was the basis of his territorial policy, a conception of the Portuguese Empire as a unified state that spanned multiple continents.
Michael Derrick
Derrick was brought up in rural Berkshire by back-to-the-land parents and attended Douai School, where the headmaster, Dom Ignatius Rice, was a friend of his father. On a holiday in Hungary, not long after beginning his studies at the University of Oxford, he began his studies. During this period he wrote "The Portugal of Salazar" (1938), a sympathetic study of the Corporatist regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Historian Neill Lochery claims Salazar was one of the most gifted men of his generation and hugely dedicated to his job and country. According to American scholar J. Wiarda, despite certain problems and continued poverty in many sectors, the consensus among historians and economists is that Salazar in the 1930s brought remarkable improvements in the economic sphere, public works, social services and governmental honesty, efficiency and stability. In July 1940, "Life" magazine called Salazar "a benevolent ruler", described him as "by far the world's best dictator, he [Salazar] is also the greatest Portuguese since Prince Henry the Navigator", and added that "the dictator has built the nation". "Life" declared that "most of what is good in modern Portugal can be credited to Dr. Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (...) The dictator is everything that most Portuguese are not – calm, silent, ascetic, puritanical, a glutton for work, cool to women. He found a country in chaos and poverty. He has balanced the budget, built roads and schools, torn down slums, cut the death rate and enormously raised Portuguese self-esteem."
António Silva Cardoso
António Silva Cardoso (February 3, 1928 - June 13, 2014) was High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola in 1975. He was also an author who wrote two books.
António Cândido Gonçalves Crespo
António Cândido Gonçalves Crespo (11 March 1846 – 11 June 1883) was a Brazilian-born Portuguese poet. Born to a slave mother on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro on 11 March 1846, he moved to Portugal at the age of ten. He was educated at the University of Coimbra, but "devoted himself almost exclusively to the Muses at Lisbon." His poetry was deeply informed by Parnassianism. He occasionally collaborated with his wife Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho, also a noted writer. He died in Lisbon on 11 June 1883, aged 37.
António de Oliveira Salazar
In popular culture, Salazar's Cake ("Bolo de Salazar") is the name given to a cake that Salazar used to eat sometimes. It is cheap and simple, perhaps with similarities to sponge cake. Kitchen cake spatulas are sometimes referred to as 'Salazar' in Portugal for their effectiveness in not leaving any residue behind.
Manuel António de Sousa
Manuel António de Sousa (10 November 1835 in Mapuçá, Goa, Portuguese India – 20 January 1892 in Portuguese Mozambique), also known as Gouveia, was a Portuguese merchant of Goan origin and military captain of Manica and Quiteve (Kiteve)."'
António de Andrade
António de Andrade was born in Oleiros, Portugal. In 1600 he went to Goa, the capital of Portuguese India, where he pursued his higher studies and was ordained a priest. He was one of the Jesuits attached to the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, and was head of the Jesuit mission in Agra. In 1624 he left Agra, headed to Delhi where he and the Jesuit brother Manuel Marques joined a group of Hindu pilgrims bound for the temple of Badrinath located in the Northern part of the present-day Indian state of Uttarakhand. Overcoming incredible hardships in the journey, they crossed the Mana Pass to Tibet, the first Europeans known to have done so.
Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro
He served, from 1907 to 1909, as the 89th Governor of Angola. His devotion to the monarchist cause earned him several periods of exile, both before and after the coming of the dictatorial New State ("Estado Novo") of António Salazar (1933).
António de Spínola
António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (generally referred to as António de Spínola, ; 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military officer, author and conservative politician who played an important role in Portugal's transition to democracy following the Carnation Revolution.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Salazar attended the primary school in his small village and later went to another primary school in Viseu. At age 11, he won a free place at Viseu's seminary, where he studied for eight years, from 1900 to 1908. Salazar considered becoming a priest, but like many who entered the seminary very young, he decided not to proceed to the priesthood after receiving holy orders. He went to Coimbra in 1910 during the first years of the Portuguese First Republic to study law at the University of Coimbra. During these student years in Coimbra, he developed a particular interest in finance and graduated in law with distinction, specialising in finance and economic policy. He graduated in 1914, with 19 points out of 20, a rare achievement which earned him instant fame, and in the meantime, became an assistant professor of economic policy at the Law School. In 1917, he became the regent of economic policy and finance by appointment of the professor José Alberto dos Reis. In the following year, Salazar was awarded his doctorate.
António de Sousa Franco
António Luciano Pacheco de Sousa Franco, (Lisbon, September 21, 1942 – Matosinhos, June 9, 2004) was a Portuguese economist and politician.
António Correia de Oliveira
António Correia de Oliveira was born in São Pedro do Sul, in the district of Viseu, in 1879.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Salazar saw no prospects for his regime beyond his death. Nonetheless, the "Estado Novo" persisted under the direction of Marcelo Caetano, Salazar's longtime aide as well as a well-reputed scholar of the University of Lisbon Law School, statesman and distinguished member of the regime who co-wrote the Constitution of 1933. The "Estado Novo" would eventually fall on 25 April 1974 with the Carnation Revolution.
António Sebastião Spínola
António Sebastião Spínola (Machico, Porto da Cruz, 13 July 1875 – Machico, Porto da Cruz, 19 March 1956) was an Inspector General of Finances and Chief of Cabinet of the Finance Minister Professor Oliveira Salazar and afterwards of Finance Minister Professor João Pinto da Costa Leite, 4th Conde de Lumbrales, Councilor and Administrator of the "Fundação da Casa de Bragança", etc.
António Carvalho
António José Pereira de Carvalho (born 10 December 1960 in Guimarães) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a midfielder or a left back, and is a current manager.
António Correia de Oliveira
António Correia de Oliveira (1879-1960) was a Portuguese poet. According to the Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Literature he was nominated 15 times without being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Torcato Sepúlveda
Sepúlveda was born in 1951 in Braga, Portugal, to parents who were elementary school teachers. He received his degree in Romance philology from the University of Coimbra, where he participated in the students demonstrations against António de Oliveira Salazar.
António de Almeida Soares de Portugal, 1st Marquess of Lavradio
D. António de Almeida Soares de Portugal, 1st Count and 1st Marquess of Lavradio, 4th Count of Avintes, Governor General of Angola and Viceroy of Brazil. Born in Lisbon, Portugal on 1 May 1701; died in São Salvador da Bahia, Brazil on 4 July 1760. The first Marquess of Lavradio was a prominent Portuguese statesman and the head of an established noble family.
Manoel de Oliveira
From the 1970s, Oliveira was at his most active, with the vast majority of his films having been made after his seventy-fifth birthday. Whether a late bloomer or a victim of unfortunate delays and political censorship, he became Portugal's preeminent filmmaker during the later part of his long life. Film critic J. Hoberman has said "at an age when many men think of retirement, Oliveira emerged from obscurity as one of the 70s leading modernists, a peer of Straub, Syberberg and Duras." With a newfound artistic freedom after António de Oliveira Salazar's stroke in 1968 and the April 1974 Carnation Revolution, Oliveira's career began to flourish and receive international acclaim. Ironically the Carnation Revolution also resulted in his family's factories being occupied by factions of the Left and subsequently going bankrupt. Due to this, Oliveira lost most of his personal wealth and his home of thirty-five years.
António Rodrigues Sampaio
António Rodrigues Sampaio (São Bartolomeu do Mar, Esposende, 25 July 1806 — Sintra, 13 September 1882) was a Portuguese politician and the President of the Council of Ministers from 25 March to 14 November 1881.
Jorge Salazar
Jorge Salazar was born on September 8, 1939, to Leopoldo Salazar Amador and Esmeralda "Meyaya" Argüello; he also had two sisters. His father Leo, a captain in the National Guard, retired in 1941, and Jorge grew up on his family's coffee farm at Santa María de Ostuma in the city of Matagalpa. He received his high school education at the Colegio Centroamérica in Granada and Culver Military Academy in the United States, then went to university in Brazil. He married Lucía Amada Cardenal Caldera, with whom he had four children, Karla Isabel, Jorge Leopoldo, Claudia, and Lucía.
Cândido de Oliveira
Cândido Plácido Fernandes de Oliveira (24 September 1896 – 23 June 1958) was a Portuguese football player, coach, and sports journalist.
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
In 1970, Otelo attended the funeral of former Portuguese Prime Minister, António de Oliveira Salazar. At the funeral, Otelo was seen weeping over the casket of Salazar.
Arturo Salazar Valencia
Arturo Edmundo Salazar Valencia (Andacollo, Chile, 2 December 1855 – Santiago, Chile, 3 April 1943) was a scientist, researcher, innovator and professor of electrical engineering in Chile, who in his role as a self-taught individual, explored a wide variety of fields of interest and is considered a true pioneer in the technological development of his country.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Salazar relied on secret police to enforce the policies he wished to implement. The "Polícia de Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado (PVDE)" ("State Defence and Surveillance Police") was established in 1933. It was replaced in 1945 by the remodeled "Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado (PIDE)" ("International and State Defence Police"), which lasted until 1969 (and from that year to 1974 under Marcelo Caetano, it was the "Direcção Geral de Segurança (DGS)" ("General Security Directorate"). The secret police existed not only to protect national security in a modern sense, but also to suppress the regime's political opponents, especially those associated with the international communist movement or the Soviet Union, which was seen by the regime as a menace to Portugal.
António Conceição da Silva Oliveira
Trofense
António de Oliveira Salazar
The "Estado Novo" collapsed during the Carnation Revolution of 1974, four years after Salazar's death. Evaluations of his regime have varied, with supporters praising its outcomes and critics denouncing its methods. However, there is a general consensus that Salazar was one of the most influential figures in Portuguese history. In recent decades, "new sources and methods are being employed by Portuguese historians in an attempt to come to grips with the dictatorship which lasted 48 years."
António de Oliveira Salazar
Spanish dictator Francisco Franco spoke effusively of Salazar in an interview published by France's "Le Figaro" newspaper: "The most complete statesman, the one most worthy of respect, that I have known is Salazar. I regard him as an extraordinary personality for his intelligence, his political sense and his humility. His only defect is probably his modesty." This was, however, in response to Salazar helping his cause, which, in turn, was meant to prevent Portugal from communism and the chaos of the First Republic.
António de Oliveira Salazar
In January 1938, Salazar appointed Teotónio Pereira as special liaison of the Portuguese government to Franco's government, where he achieved great prestige and influence. In April 1938, Pereira officially become a full-rank Portuguese ambassador to Spain, and he remained in this post throughout World War II.
António Avelar de Pinho
António Avelar de Pinho (May 26, 1947) is a Portuguese singer and songwriter from Entroncamento, He was the founding member of the groups Filarmónica Fraude (1967) and Banda do Casaco (1973).
Antón Lamazares
Lamazares was born on January 2, 1954 in Maceira, a village in Lalín (Pontevedra, Spain), whose rural environment left a deep impact on his imagery and creative process. Much of his early schooling (1963–1969) took place at the Franciscan seminary of Herbón where he devoted himself to the study of literature, mostly Latin and Greek classics. In the late 1960s he began writing poetry and developed friendships with the writer Álvaro Cunqueiro and the painters Laxeiro and Manuel Pesqueira, who would become formative influences. As his creative vocation began to shift from poetry toward painting, he undertook lengthy travels throughout Europe (1972) to study in person work by the masters he revered, including, Paul Klee, Rembrandt and Joan Miró, to whom would be added Antoni Tàpies, Manuel Millares, Alberto Giacometti and Francis Bacon, as well as Medieval art and the Art of Oceania.
Vital Maria Gonçalves de Oliveira
Antônio Gonçalves de Oliveira was born in Pernambuco in Brazil on 27 November 1844 to Antônio Gonçalves and Antonia Albia de Oliveira.
António Teixeira de Sousa
António Teixeira de Sousa, 2nd Count of Sousa Palmela (5 May 1857 in Celeirós, Sabrosa – 5 June 1917 in Celeirós, Sabrosa; ) was a Portuguese medical doctor and politician during the Constitutional Monarchy. He graduated in Medicine at the University of Porto, in 1883. 
A member of the conservative , he was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies, in 1889. He was later minister of the Navy and Overseas (1900–1903), and, twice, of Finance (1903–1904, 1906). He became President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) on 26 June 1910, and would be the last Prime Minister of the Constitutional Monarchy as King D. Manuel II was overthrown by a republican revolution on 5 October 1910. He left politics after the republic proclamation, but showed a moderate support for the new regime.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Due to Salazar's long rule, a detached evaluation of him is difficult. He is considered either a saviour of interwar Portugal and an exponent of Christian philosophy in politics, or, on the contrary, a fascist-leaning dictator who obstructed his country's democratic evolution.
Angolan War of Independence
On 11 April, the Minister of National Defense Júlio Botelho Moniz - discontent with the attitude of Prime Minister Salazar regarding the Overseas policy and the conflict in Angola - leads a "coup d'état" attempt, which however fails. Following the aborted "coup" and now realizing that the conflict in Angola was more serious than what was initially thought, Prime Minister Salazar dismisses Botelho Moniz and assumes himself the Defense portfolio. On 13 April, Salazar speaks on television about the situation in Angola, using the famous phrase "Para Angola, rapidamente e em força" (To Angola, rapidly and in force). As part of the Government remodelation, Adriano Moreira is appointed Overseas Minister, initiating a series of liberal reforms in the Portuguese Overseas territories.
António Luís Alves Ribeiro Oliveira
António Luís Alves Ribeiro de Oliveira (born 10 June 1952) is a Portuguese former football attacking midfielder and manager.
Eugenio de Salazar
Eugenio de Salazar was a Spanish explorer who crossed the Atlantic ocean in Spanish ship in the 16th century. De Salazar made the journey with his wife and family in 1573, just 81 years after Christopher Columbus.
António de Oliveira Salazar
In October 1945, Salazar announced a liberalisation program designed to restore civil rights that had been suppressed during the Spanish Civil War and World War II in hopes of improving the image of his regime in Western circles. The measures included parliamentary elections, a general political amnesty, restoration of freedom of the press, curtailment of legal repression and a commitment to introduce the right of "habeas corpus". The regime started to organise itself around a broad coalition, the Movement of Democratic Unity (MUD), which ranged from ultra-Catholics and fringe elements of the extreme right to the Portuguese Communist Party. Initially, the MUD was controlled by the moderate opposition, but it soon became strongly influenced by the Communist Party, which controlled its youth wing. In the leadership were several communists, among them Octávio Pato, Salgado Zenha, Mário Soares, Júlio Pomar and Mário Sacramento. This influence led the MUD to be outlawed by the government in 1948 after several waves of suppression. Restrictions that had been temporarily lifted were then gradually reinstated.
As the Cold War started, Salazar's "Estado Novo" remained unmistakably authoritarian. Salazar had been able to hold onto power by virtue of the public's recollection of the chaos that had characterised Portuguese life before 1926. However, by the 1950s, a new generation emerged that had no collective memory of the previous state. The clearest sign of this came in the Portuguese presidential election of 1958. Most neutral observers believed that the candidate of the democratic opposition, Humberto Delgado, would have defeated the candidate of the Salazar regime, Américo Tomás, had the election been conducted fairly. Well aware that the president's power to sack the prime minister was theoretically the only check on Salazar's power, Delgado stated that one of his first acts would be to dismiss Salazar if he were elected. Delgado was able to rally support from a wide range of opposition viewpoints. Among his supporters were some controversial figures, namely the press campaign manager Francisco Rolão Preto, a former Nazi sympathiser and former leader of the Blue Shirts, who had been exiled by Salazar in the 1930s. An official announcement in 1958 stated that Delgado received one-fourth of the votes, in total approximately a million. The following year, the 70-year-old Salazar, alarmed by the episode, changed the selection of the president to a vote by the two parliamentary bodies, both under his control. Delgado was expelled from the Portuguese military and took refuge in the Brazilian embassy before going into exile. Much of his banishment was spent in Brazil and later in Algeria, as a guest of Ahmed Ben Bella. Later, in 1965, he was lured into an ambush by the "PIDE" (the regime's secret police) near the border town of Olivenza. Delgado and his Brazilian secretary Arajaryr Moreira de Campos were killed while trying to enter Portugal clandestinely. An official statement claimed that Delgado was shot and killed in self-defence, despite Delgado being unarmed; his secretary was strangled.
António José Severim de Noronha, 1st Duke of Terceira
D. António José Severim de Noronha, 1st Duke of Terceira, 1st Marquis of Vila Flor (18 March 1792, Lisbon – 26 April 1860) was a Portuguese military officer, statesman and a leader of the Constitutionalist side in the Liberal Wars, as well as a Prime Minister of Portugal.
António José da Silva
António José da Silva Coutinho (8 May 170518 October 1739) was a Portuguese dramatist born in colonial Brazil, known as "the Jew" ("O Judeu"). The Brazilian spelling of his first name is Antônio; António José da Silva in Hebrew is אנטוניו ז'וזה דה סילווה.
António Soares dos Reis
António Soares dos Reis (Vila Nova de Gaia, 14 October 1847 - Vila Nova de Gaia, 16 February 1889) was a Portuguese sculptor.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Portugal's official nationalism was not grounded in race or biology. Salazar argued that Portuguese nationalism did not glorify a single race because such a notion was pagan and anti-human. In 1937, he published a book entitled "Como se Levanta um Estado" ("How to Raise a State"), in which he criticised the philosophical ideals behind Nazi Germany's Nuremberg laws. In 1938, he sent a telegram to the Portuguese Embassy in Berlin, ordering that it should be made clear to the German Reich that Portuguese law did not allow any distinction based on race, and that therefore, Portuguese Jewish citizens could not be discriminated against. In the previous year, Adolfo Benarus, Honorary Chairman of COMASSIS and a leader of the Lisbon's Jewish Community, published a book in which he applauded the lack of anti-Semitism in Portugal. In 2011, Avraham Milgram, Yad Vashem historian, said that modern anti-Semitism failed "to establish even a toehold in Portugal", while it grew virulently elsewhere in early 20th-century Europe.
Antônio Cláudio de Jesus Oliveira
Antônio Cláudio de Jesus Oliveira (born 16 April 1973) is a Brazilian footballer.
António Conceição da Silva Oliveira
Moreirense
Licínio Pereira da Silva
Licínio Pereira da Silva (died April 1, 2008) was a former Portuguese political prisoner under the regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, an era of Portuguese history known as the Estado Novo. Pereira da Silva was the last political prisoner convicted by the Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado, better known as the PIDE, the secret service force used by the Salazar regime to repress dissent during the Estado Novo.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Salazar stayed on as finance minister while military prime ministers came and went. From his first successful year in office, he gradually came to embody the financial and political solution to the turmoil of the military dictatorship, which had not produced a clear leader. Finally, on 5 July 1932, President Carmona appointed Salazar as the 100th prime minister of Portugal, after which he began to operate closer to the mainstream of political sentiment in his country. The authoritarian government consisted of a right-wing coalition, and he was able to co-opt the moderates of each political current with the aid of censorship and repression directed against those outside of it. Those perceived to be genuine fascists were jailed or exiled. Conservative Catholics were Salazar's earliest and most loyal supporters, whereas conservative republicans who could not be co-opted became his most dangerous opponents during the early period. They attempted several coups, but never presented a united front, consequently these attempts were easily repressed. Never a true monarchist, Salazar nevertheless gained most of the monarchists' support, as Manuel II of Portugal, the exiled and deposed last king of Portugal, always endorsed Salazar. Later, in 1932, it was due to Salazar's actions that the deposed king was given a state funeral. The National Syndicalists were torn between supporting the regime and denouncing it as bourgeois. They were granted enough symbolic concessions for Salazar to win over the moderates, but the rest were repressed by the political police. They were silenced shortly after 1933 as Salazar attempted to prevent the rise of National Socialism in Portugal.
Domingos Oliveira
He was nominated, on 21 January 1930, Prime Minister of Portugal (President of the Council of Ministers) during the period of the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) that preceded the Estado Novo (New State). A conservative, he opposed all the attempts to restore democracy, like the failed military uprising of April and May 1931 in Madeira and the Azores Islands. The popularity and political role demonstrated by the Finance Minister, António de Oliveira Salazar, led him to resign on 25 June 1932, to be replaced by Salazar, who would retain the post for the following 36 years.
António Eça de Queiroz
Eça de Queiroz was promoted in 1943 to the role of sub-director of the Secretariat for National Propaganda. In this role he became one of the most important figures in the Press Department of Salazar's regime. In 1951 he was appointed President of "Direção de Emissora Nacional de Radiofusão", a role he held until 1959. In this position he was effectively head of broadcasting in Portugal. It was also under Eça de Queiroz that television in Portugal was first introduced. He left government after this, although he continued to write for a number of journals and newspapers, invariably in support of Salazar.
António Inocêncio Moreira de Carvalho
António Inocêncio Moreira de Carvalho (Lisbon, 6 January 1894 — Lisbon, 12 September 1942) was Portuguese military officer, whose military career propelled him into various political positions within the Estado Novo of Portugal, including specifically the Civil Governor of the District of Horta.
Diário Insular
Founded in 1946, by Cândido Pamplona Forjaz, who was director from 1962 to 1974, "Diário Insular" was decidedly-associated with the Estado Novo regime of António Oliveira de Salazar. Yet, during this period, the publication was censured by the Salazar government for commentaries or reports that contradicted the regime.
António Costa
Costa was born in 1961 in São Sebastião da Pedreira, Lisbon, the son of writer Orlando da Costa.
Tony Salazar
Antonio Salazar Gómez, (born January 15, 1949) is a retired Mexican "Luchador", or professional wrestler who currently works as the ring announcer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) Sunday shows in "Arena Coliseo". He is best known under the ring name Tony Salazar, although he has also competed as Señor Tormenta, El Nene and the masked Ulises during his wrestling career. In his career, he has held the NWA World Middleweight Championship twice, and the NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship once.
Manoel de Oliveira
Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira GCSE, GCIH (; 11 December 1908 – 2 April 2015) was a Portuguese film director and screenwriter born in Cedofeita, Porto. He first began making films in 1927, when he and some friends attempted to make a film about World War I. In 1931 he completed his first film "Douro, Faina Fluvial", a documentary about his home city Porto made in the city symphony genre. He made his feature film debut in 1942 with "Aniki-Bóbó" and continued to make shorts and documentaries for the next 30 years, gaining a minimal amount of recognition without being considered a major world film director. Among the numerous factors that prevented Oliveira from making more films during this time period were the political situation in Portugal, family obligations and money.
Aloísio de Oliveira
Aloysio de Oliveira (December 30, 1914 – February 4, 1995) was a Brazilian record producer, singer, actor and composer.
António de Oliveira Salazar
A wine brand called "Terras de Salazar" ("Lands of Salazar") was approved in 2011 by the national institute. It never reached the market due to the owner's economic troubles. In 2012, the City Council of Salazar's hometown Santa Comba Dão announced a brand called Memories of Salazar for a range of regional products, notably wine. It was rejected by the same institute for offensiveness and the possibility of public disorder. The mayor claimed the refusal was ridiculous and will not give up or drop the name Salazar from future brand name proposals. He is considering submitting Vineyards of Salazar, as "memories" of the regime could be one reason to add to the refusal.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Belgian diplomat André de Staercke, dean of NATO's ambassadors, who served for almost 24 years on the alliance council, developed a close and long friendship with Salazar. In his memoirs, Staercke dedicates a full chapter to Salazar and ranks Salazar, together with Churchill and Paul-Henri Spaak as one of the three greatest political leaders he has met in his life.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Salazar was conferred with the following academic distinctions.
António Tavares
António Tavares (born 31 May 1932) is a Portuguese former sports shooter. He competed in the 50 metre rifle, three positions event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
António de Oliveira Salazar
The radicalism of the regime naturally drew opposition. Emídio Santana, founder of the "Sindicato Nacional dos Metalúrgicos" ("Metallurgists National Union") and an anarcho-syndicalist who was involved in clandestine activities against the dictatorship, attempted to assassinate Salazar on 4 July 1937. Salazar was on his way to Mass at a private chapel in a friend's house on Barbosa du Bocage Avenue in Lisbon. As he stepped out of his Buick limousine, a bomb hidden in an iron case exploded only away. The blast left Salazar untouched, but his chauffeur was rendered deaf. A year later, the bishops of the country argued in a collective letter that it was an "act of God" that had preserved Salazar's life. The official car was replaced by an armoured Chrysler Imperial. Sought by the "PIDE", Emídio Santana fled to Britain, where he was arrested by British police and returned to Portugal. He was then sentenced to 16 years in prison.
António Maria da Silva
António Maria da Silva, GCTE (; 26 May 1872 in Lisbon – 14 October 1950 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese politician. An engineer, he was a prominent member of the Portuguese Republican Party. He was Prime Minister (President of the Council of Ministers) for four times, during the Portuguese First Republic. After his party victory in the legislative elections of 8 November 1925, he was invited to form government. He led a great campaign against President Manuel Teixeira Gomes, that forced him to resign. He would be the last Prime Minister of the 1st Republic, resigning two days after the 28 May 1926 military movement.
Manoel de Oliveira
This was shortly followed by "The Hunt" ("A caça"), a grim, surrealistic short narrative film that contrasted with the positive tones of his previous film. Due to censorship issues, Oliveira was forced to add a "happy ending" to the initial release of the film and was unable to restore his original ending until 1988. Because of this film and anti- Salazar comments Oliveira made after a screening of "O Acto de Primavera", he was arrested by the PIDE in 1963. He spent 10 days in jail and was interrogated until finally being released with the help of his friend Manuel Meneres. His career again slowed down and he only completed two short documentaries in the next 9 years.
Ferreira de Castro
He returned to Portugal in 1919, and started working as a journalist. He was a noted opponent of António de Oliveira Salazar, the Portuguese Prime Minister under the authoritarian Estado Novo regime.
António Costa
António Luís Santos da Costa (born 17 July 1961) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician serving as the 119th and current Prime Minister of Portugal since 26 November 2015. Previously, he was Minister of Parliamentary Affairs from 1997 to 1999, Minister of Justice from 1999 to 2002, Minister of State and Internal Administration from 2005 to 2007, and Mayor of Lisbon from 2007 to 2015. He was elected as Secretary-General of the Socialist Party in September 2014.
A. H. de Oliveira Marques
António Henrique Rodrigo de Oliveira Marques (23 August 1933 - 23 January 2007) was a Portuguese historian.
Antonio Salazar (baseball)
Antonio Salazar Calzado (born 15 October 1965 in Madrid) is a former Spanish baseball center fielder. He played with Spain at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He had 6 hits in 19 at-bats over 6 games.
António de Serpa Pimentel
António de Serpa Pimentel (1825, Coimbra – 1900) was Prime Minister of Portugal from 14 January to 11 October 1890. His term in office began as a reaction to the British ultimatum concerning Portuguese colonial policy in southeast Africa. The signing of the "Treaty of London" later that year, which was intended as a step to resolve the crisis, was viewed as further appeasement of a powerful Britain. This led to his resignation and the fall of his government.
António Champalimaud
António de Sommer Champalimaud (Lisbon, Lapa, 19 March 1918 – Lisbon, Lapa, 8 May 2004) was a Portuguese banker and industrialist who in 2004 was the wealthiest man in Portugal. He earned his fortune with insurance, banking and cement industries which were nationalized after the Carnation Revolution of 1974. After living in exile in Brazil for seven years, he returned to Portugal and rebuilt his companies.
Ditadura Nacional
The conflicts between the military officers and the National Catholic wing represented by Salazar increased to a point where the entire Freitas government resigned on July 8, 1929, with only Salazar keeping his ministerial post in the new cabinet of Artur Ivens Ferraz. Salazar's influence began to grow at the expense of military officers who gradually lost their political power, with Roman Catholic religious institutes again permitted in Portugal. On January 21, 1930, after a conflict with Salazar, Ferraz was replaced by General Domingos Oliveira, who allowed Salazar to play an ever increasing role in the nation's finances and politics. The "Acto Colonial" (Colonial Act) was published, defining the status of Portuguese colonies (Portuguese Angola, Cabinda, Portuguese Cape Verde, Portuguese Guinea, Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, Portuguese Mozambique, Portuguese India, Portuguese Timor and Portuguese Macau), and the fundamental principles of the new regime were presented by Salazar on the 4th anniversary of the "28th of May Revolution".
António de Oliveira Salazar
The Spanish Civil War, which began in July 1936, was the ostensible reason for the radicalisation of the regime. Internally, the regime had to face a monarchist revolt in 1935, a threatened leftist coup in 1936 and several bombs and conspiracies in 1936 and 1937, including an attempt to assassinate Salazar in 1937. At the same time, Spanish Republican agents were active in Lisbon and Spanish troops were deployed on Portugal's vulnerable border, severely threatening Portuguese sovereignty.
Orlando Fortunato de Oliveira
Orlando Fortunato de Oliveira was born on March 20 1946 in Benguela. He studied sciences and geophysics at the Catholic University of America before turning to cinema.
António de Oliveira Salazar
The new constitution introduced by Salazar established an anti-parliamentarian and authoritarian government that would last until 1974. The president was to be elected by popular vote for a period of seven years. On paper, the new document vested sweeping, almost dictatorial powers in the hands of the president, including the power to appoint and dismiss the prime minister. The president was elevated to a position of preeminence as the "balance wheel", the defender and ultimate arbiter of national politics. President Carmona, however, had allowed Salazar more or less a free hand since appointing him prime minister and continued to do so; Carmona and his successors would largely be figureheads as he wielded the true power. Wiarda argues that Salazar achieved his position of power not just because of constitutional stipulations, but also because of his character: domineering, absolutist, ambitious, hardworking and intellectually brilliant.
Antón Losada Diéguez
Antón Losada Diéguez (b. , (Boborás), Spain, 22 December 1884 - d. Pontevedra, Spain, 15 October 1929) was a writer, Spanish politician, member of the Irmandades da Fala of Ourense, impulsor of the magazine "Nós" and correspondent of the Royal Galician Academy. He was author of half a dozen books of poetry, seven books, two political writings, the incomplete work "A domeadora" and the speech "Ouservacións encol da prosa galega". He became a member in the Seminar of Galician Studies. He was honoured on the Day of the Galician Letters of 1985.
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Aníbal António Cavaco Silva, GCC, GColL (; born 15 July 1939), is an economist who was the 19th President of Portugal, in office from 9 March 2006 to 9 March 2016. He had been previously Prime Minister of Portugal from 6 November 1985 to 28 October 1995. His 10-year tenure was the longest of any prime minister since António de Oliveira Salazar, and he was the first Portuguese prime minister to win an absolute parliamentary majority under the current constitutional system. He is best known for leading Portugal into the European Union.
António Luís Alves Ribeiro Oliveira
Porto
António de Oliveira Salazar
Historian Tom Gallagher in 1983 criticised Salazar's excessive promises, writing that "Salazar was being deceitful when he told António Ferro in 1938, 'I estimate that within five years every child in this country will have the opportunity to read and write.' His true policy had been revealed six years earlier when he stated categorically, 'I consider more urgent the creation of elites than the necessity to teach people how to read'." However in a 2018 retrospective Gallagher argues that Salazar focused Portugal on the conservative values of family, local community and the Catholic faith. He rejected the secularism and anticlericalism of the French Revolution, which had a stronghold in the cities but was weak in rural areas. Negative traits that were seen in the governments of other parts of Europe were not prevalent. He never claimed the superiority of a pure Portuguese stock. There was no policy of antisemitism and he helped Jews escape the Nazis. Catholicism was emphasised but the bishops and the pope had to keep their place in the system he quietly controlled without fanfare or charisma. Nationalism was used as a major justification for building a huge global empire that long outlasted those of France, Britain and the others. Salazar also succeeded in using national pride to overwhelm localism and the bitter factionalism that had long troubled the nation before 1930. His coalition brought together monarchists, moderate republicans, businessmen, churchmen, landowners and the military. Each of these groups understood that only with him in charge could their privileges be guaranteed. He believed in stability not democracy, but Portugal remained poor as Europe flourished in the 1960s and 1970s. He spent large sums on soldiers to fight for control of the many colonies; it was a losing battle and by this time the old man was himself losing prestige and stature. He always rejected goals such as modernity and progress and liberalism in favour of tradition, stability and conservatism, and the themes are still echoed into the 21st century by his admirers.
Movement of Democratic Unity
The Movement of Democratic Unity () was a quasi-legal platform of Portuguese democratic organizations that opposed the authoritarian regime of António Oliveira Salazar and was founded in October 1945.
Religion in Portugal
Under the "Estado Novo", the corporatist totalitarian regime of António de Oliveira Salazar (r. 1932–1968), the Church experienced a revival. Salazar was himself deeply religious and infused with Catholic precepts. Before studying law, he had been a seminarian; his roommate at the University of Coimbra, Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira, later became Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon. In addition, Salazar's corporatist principles and his constitution and labour statute of 1933 were infused with Roman Catholic precepts from the papal encyclicals "Rerum novarum" (1891) and "Quadragesimo anno" (1931).
Tomás António Gonzaga
Tomás António Gonzaga (11 August 1744 – c. 1810) was a Portuguese-born Brazilian poet. One of the most famous Neoclassic colonial Brazilian writers, he was also the "" and the ombudsman of the city of Ouro Preto (formerly "Vila Rica"), as well as the "desembargador" of the appeal court in Bahia. He wrote under the pen name Dirceu.
António de Oliveira Salazar
Pinto and Rezola argue that a key strategy Salazar used to stabilise his regime was to come to terms with the Catholic Church through the Concordat. Anti-clericalism would be discouraged and the Church would have an honored and central position in Portuguese life. The Church agreed to stay out of politics, but it did operate numerous social groups for adults and youth. The Church role became a major pillar of the New State's "limited pluralism."
Despite this landmark agreement, Church-state relations and inter-Church relations in Portugal were not without some tensions through the 1940s. Some prominent oppositionist priests, such as Abel Varzim and Joaquim Alves Correia, openly supported the MUD in 1945 and the granting of more social rights to the workers. Abel Varzim, who had been a supporter of the regime, attacked Salazar and his claims of the Catholicism of the corporatist state, arguing that the regime was not true to Catholic social teaching as the people suffered in poverty. Varzim's newspaper, "O Trabalhador" ("The Worker"), was closed in 1948. In his personal diary he wrote: "o estado-salazar é quem manda na igreja" ("In Portugal the Salazar-State rules the church"). Joaquim Alves Correia was forced into exile in the United States, where he died in 1951. The opposition candidate in the 1958 presidential election, Humberto Delgado, a Roman Catholic and a dissident of the regime, quoted Pope Pius XII to show how the social policies of the regime were against the social teachings of the Church. That same year, in July 1958, Salazar suffered a severe blow from the bishop of Porto, Dom António Ferreira Gomes, who wrote a critical letter to the Council President criticizing the restrictions on human rights and denouncing the harshness of Portugal's poverty. It was time, he said, for the Church to come out of the catacombs and speak its mind. Salazar was furious. The bishop was not formally exiled, but he decided to leave the country, and it appears that Lisbon made it clear to Rome that the bishop's presence in Portugal would not be appropriate.
Edmundo Pedro
Edmundo Pedro (November 8, 1918 – January 27, 2018) was a Portuguese politician and antifascist, as well as the founder and former leader of the Socialist Party (PS). An opponent of António de Oliveira Salazar's Estado Novo regime and political prisoner during the 1930s and 1940s, Pedro later served as a member of the Assembly of the Republic's I, III and V legislatures (1976–1980, 1983–1985, 1987–1991) following the end of Salazar's regime.
Alberto de Oliveira
Antônio Mariano de Oliveira (April 28, 1857 – January 19, 1937) was a Brazilian poet, pharmacist and professor. He is better known by his pen name Alberto de Oliveira.
António de Oliveira Salazar
British strategists regarded Portuguese non-belligerency as "essential to keep Spain from entering the war on the side of the Axis". Britain recognised Salazar's important role on 15 May 1940, when Douglas Veale, Registrar of the University of Oxford, informed him that the University's Hebdomadal Council had "unanimously decided at its meeting last Monday, to invite you [Salazar] to accept the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Civil Law". The same "Life" magazine article of July 1940 that praised Salazar's work on behalf of the Portuguese nation commented, "this year, for [the] first time in centuries, Portugal is important to America. It is the funnel through which to pour all the exchanges – of people and messages and diplomacy – between America and Europe. The war, by cutting the lines of intercourse to Northern Europe, has made Portugal what [one might say] geography intended – not a faraway corner of Europe but its front door." In September 1940, Winston Churchill wrote to Salazar to congratulate him for his policy of keeping Portugal out of the war, avowing that "as so often before during the many centuries of the Anglo-Portuguese alliance, British and Portuguese interests are identical on this vital question." Sir Samuel Hoare, the British Ambassador in Madrid from 1940 to 1944, recognised Salazar's crucial role in keeping Iberia neutral during World War II, and lauded him for it. Hoare averred that "Salazar detested Hitler and all his works" and that his corporative state was fundamentally different from a Nazi or fascist state, with Salazar never leaving a doubt of his desire for a Nazi defeat. Historian Carlton Hayes, a pioneering specialist on the study of nationalism, was the American Ambassador in Spain during the war. He met Salazar in person and also praised him, expressing a similar opinion to Hoare's in his book "Wartime Mission in Spain". In November 1943, the British Ambassador in Lisbon, Sir Ronald Campbell, wrote, paraphrasing Salazar, that "strict neutrality was the price the allies paid for strategic benefits accruing from Portugal's neutrality and that if her neutrality instead of being strict had been more benevolent in our favour Spain would inevitably have thrown herself body and soul into the arms of Germany. If this had happened the Peninsula would have been occupied and then North Africa, with the result that the whole course of the war would have been altered to the advantage of the Axis."
Sir Ronald Campbell saw Salazar as fundamentally loyal to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. When in May 1943, in the Third Washington Conference, codenamed Trident, the conferees agreed on the occupation of the Azores (Operation Alacrity) the British Ambassador reacted to the US State Department's suggestion as "particularly ill-timed and incomprehensible at the present juncture." He recalled that at the outset of the war, Salazar had remained neutral with British approval and stated that "he [Salazar] would answer the call if it were made on grounds of dire necessity". The British Ambassador was correct, and when in August 1943 the British requested military base facilities in the Azores, invoking the alliance, Salazar responded favourably and quickly: Portugal allowed these bases, letting the British use the Azorean ports of Horta (on the island of Faial) and Ponta Delgada (on the island of São Miguel), and the airfields of Lajes Field (on Terceira Island) and Santana Field (on São Miguel Island). From November 1943, when the British gained use of the Azores, to June 1945, 8,689 US aircraft departed from Lajes, including 1,200 B-17 and B-24 bomber aircraft ferried across the Atlantic. Cargo aircraft carried vital personnel and equipment to North Africa, to the United Kingdom and – after the Allies gained a foothold in Western Europe – to Orly Field near Paris. Flights returning from Europe carried wounded servicemen. Medical personnel at Lajes handled approximately 30,000 air evacuations "en route" to the United States for medical care and rehabilitation. Use of Lajes Field reduced flying time between Brazil and West Africa from 70 hours to 40, a considerable reduction that enabled aircraft to make almost twice as many crossings, clearly demonstrating the geographic value of the Azores during the war. The British diplomat Sir George Rendell stated that the Portuguese Republican Government of Bernardino Machado was "far more difficult to deal with as an ally during the First War than the infinitely better Government of Salazar was as a neutral in the Second."
Angolan War of Independence
In the 1950s, a new wave of Portuguese settlement in all of Portuguese Africa, including the overseas province of Angola, was encouraged by the ruling government of António de Oliveira Salazar.
Infante António of Portugal
António Francisco Xavier Benedito Teodósio Leopoldo Henrique was born in Lisbon on March 15, 1695. He died unmarried and without legitimate issue in the same city on October 20, 1757 and is buried at the Royal Pantheon of the Braganza Dynasty, in Lisbon.Through his natural son, Duarte, he is an ancestor of famous Brazilian lawyer and writer José de Alencar.
António de Oliveira Salazar
A trained economist, Salazar entered public life with the support of President Óscar Carmona after the Portuguese "coup d'état" of 28 May 1926, initially as finance minister and later as prime minister. Opposed to democracy, communism, socialism, anarchism and liberalism, the ideology of Portugal was conservative and nationalist in nature. Salazar distanced himself from fascist dictatorships, which he considered a pagan Caesarist political system that recognised neither legal nor moral limits. Salazar viewed German Nazism as espousing pagan elements that he considered repugnant.
Salazar also promoted Catholicism, but argued that the role of the Church was social, not political, and negotiated the Concordat of 1940. One of the mottos of the Salazar regime was ""Deus, Pátria e Familia"" (meaning "God, Fatherland, and Family").
António de Oliveira Salazar
With an Indian military operation imminent, Salazar ordered Governor General Manuel Vassalo e Silva to fight to the last man and adopt a scorched earth policy. 
Eventually, India launched Operation Vijay in December 1961 to evict Portugal from Goa, Daman and Diu. 31 Portuguese soldiers were killed in action, and the Portuguese Navy frigate NRP "Alfonso de Albuquerque" was destroyed, before General Vassalo e Silva surrendered. Salazar forced the general into exile for disobeying his order to fight to the last man and surrendering to the Indian Army.