What is the capital of Romania?
Outline of Romania
Romania – unitary semi-presidential republic located in Central-Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine. It also borders Hungary, Serbia, and Moldova. It covers 238,391 square kilometres (92,043 sq mi) and has a temperate-continental climate. With 19.9 million inhabitants, it is the seventh most populous member of the European Union. Its capital and largest city, Bucharest, is the sixth largest city in the EU. It encompasses the historical regions of Wallachia (including Dobruja), Moldavia (including Bukovina), Transylvania (including Banat, Maramureș, and Crișana). "Romania" derives from the Latin "romanus", meaning "citizen of Rome".Geography of Romania
Administrative divisions of Romania
Obor
Obor is the name of a square and the surrounding district of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. There is also a Bucharest Metro station named Obor, which lies in this area.
Economy of Romania
The strength of the Romanian economy varies from region to region. GDP, and GDP per capita is highest in Bucharest. The following table shows the GDP (2015) per capita of the 4 counties and the capital city, with data supplied by CNP.
Zimbrul și Vulturul
Zimbrul şi Vulturul (""The Wisent and the Eagle"") was a 19th-century Romanian newspaper, published in the city of Iași (Iassy), capital of the Principality of Moldavia, and having readership in other parts of what was to become the Kingdom of Romania.
Cluj-Napoca
Additionally, as Cluj-Napoca is the capital of Cluj County, the city hosts the palace of the prefecture, the headquarters of the county council ("consiliu județean") and the prefect, who is appointed by Romania's central government. The prefect is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and his role is to represent the national government at the local level, acting as a liaison and facilitating the implementation of National Development Plans and governing programmes at the local level. Like all other local councils in Romania, the Cluj-Napoca local council, the county council and the city's mayor are elected every four years by the population.
Alexandria, Romania
Alexandria () is the capital city of the Teleorman County, Romania. It is located south-west of Bucharest, towards the Bulgarian border. The city is situated on the Vedea River and has over 45,000 inhabitants.
Internet in Romania
Based on Net Index report at the end of first half of 2013, Timișoara became the city with the highest download speed in the world. Timișoara had a download speed of 89.91 Mbit/s.The second Romanian city which appeared in the ranking was Constanța, in 14th place, with a speed of 34.45 Mbit/s. The capital Bucharest came 19th, with speeds of 33.57 Mbit/s, and Brașov, 27th, with 31.01 Mbit/s. World City Ranking requires at least 75,000 unique IP addresses for a given city.
Caracal, Romania
Caracal () is a city in Olt county, Romania, situated in the historic region of Oltenia, on the plains between the lower reaches of the Jiu and Olt rivers. The region's plains are well known for their agricultural specialty in cultivating grains and over the centuries, Caracal has been the trading center for the region's agricultural output. Caracal has a population of approximately 31,000 and is the second largest city in the region.
Bucharest Ring
The Bucharest Ring () was a street circuit in the Romanian capital city of Bucharest and was initiated by City Challenge GmbH.
Alba Iulia
Since the High Middle Ages, the city has been the seat of Transylvania's Roman Catholic diocese. Between 1541 and 1690 it was the capital of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom and the latter Principality of Transylvania. At one point it also was a center of Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan of Transylvania with suffragan to Vad diocese. Alba Iulia is historically important for Romanians, Hungarians, and Transylvanian Saxons. In December 2018, Alba Iulia was officially declared "Capital of the Great Union of Romania".
Roman, Romania
Roman is located in north-eastern Romania, in Neamț County, in the historic region of Moldavia, at the mouth of the Moldova River, a tributary to the Siret. The nearest large city is Bacău, 40 km away on DN2 and on the Suceava-Bucharest railway; Piatra Neamț, the county capital, is 50 km away and Iași, the historic capital of Moldavia, is 80 km away.Roman is twinned with:
Făget mine
The Făget mine is a large mine in the northwest of Romania in Rodna, Bistriţa-Năsăud County, 50 km southwest of Bistriţa and 699 km north-west of the capital, Bucharest. Făget represents one of the largest lead and zinc reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 9.25 million tonnes of ore grading 0.79% lead and 2.48% zinc thus resulting in 0.07 million tonnes of lead and 0.23 million tonnes of zinc.
Muntenia
Romania's capital city, Bucharest, is situated in Muntenia. Other important cities are:
Ilfov County
Ilfov () is the county that surrounds Bucharest, the capital of Romania. It used to be largely rural, but, after the fall of communism, many of the county's villages and communes developed into high-income commuter towns, which act like suburbs or satellites of Bucharest. The gentrification of the county is continuing, with many towns in Ilfov, such as Otopeni, having some of the highest GDP per capita levels in the country.
Ocna de Fier mine
The Ocna de Fier mine is a large open pit mine in the western of Romania in Caraş-Severin County, 25 km west of Reşiţa and 511 km north-west of the capital, Bucharest. Ocna de Fier represents the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 200 million tonnes of ore grading 25% iron metal. The mine produces around 10,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
Romania
Romania ( ; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the southeast, Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, and Moldova to the east. It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate. With a total area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 sq mi), Romania is the 12th largest country and also the 7th most populous member state of the European Union, having almost 20 million inhabitants. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, Constanța, Craiova and Brașov.
Sibiu International Airport
Sibiu International Airport or Aeroportul Internațional Sibiu serves the city of Sibiu. It is located in southern Transylvania, west of Sibiu and about northwest of Romania's capital city, Bucharest.
National Theatre Bucharest
The National Theatre Bucharest () is one of the national theatres of Romania, located in the capital city of Bucharest.
Hora Bucuriei
"Hora Bucuriei" ("The Hora of Joy") is a song performed by Romanian pop artist Loredana in the Revolution Square of Bucharest, Romania's capital, during the first seconds of the 2007 New Year's Eve while people danced the Hora, a traditional Romanian folk dance, to celebrate the admission of Romania and Bulgaria as new state members to the European Union. The festivities were joined by a host of European senior politicians -- European Parliament President Josep Borrell, European Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn, Romanian Prime Minister Popescu Tariceanu, the foreign ministers of Germany, Bulgaria and Denmark.
Vehicle registration plates of Romania
This is the table of counties, their county code and their county capital cities.
Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca (, ; , ; Medieval Latin: "Castrum Clus", "Claudiopolis"; and , "Kloiznburg"), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country. Geographically, it is roughly equidistant from Bucharest (), Budapest () and Belgrade (). Located in the Someșul Mic River valley, the city is considered the unofficial capital to the historical province of Transylvania. From 1790 to 1848 and from 1861 to 1867, it was the official capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania.
Satu Mare
Satu Mare (; ; ; or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011) and the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the center of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. Mentioned in the "Gesta Hungarorum" as ("Zotmar's fort"), the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages. Today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial and business centre in northwestern Romania.
Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca experienced a decade of decline during the 1990s, its international reputation suffering from the policies of its mayor at the time, Gheorghe Funar. Today, the city is one of the most important academic, cultural, industrial and business centres in Romania. Among other institutions, it hosts the country's largest university, Babeș-Bolyai University, with its botanical garden; nationally renowned cultural institutions; as well as the largest Romanian-owned commercial bank. Cluj-Napoca held the titles of European Youth Capital in 2015 and European City of Sport in 2018.
Carol I of Romania
On 10 May 1866 (22 May 1866 N.S.), Karl entered the capital Bucharest. The news of his arrival had been transmitted by telegraph and he was welcomed by a huge crowd eager to see the new ruler. In Băneasa he was given the keys to the capital city. Eventually it was a rainy day after a long period of drought, apparently a very favorable sign. As he was crowned, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." He spoke in French, as he did not speak Romanian. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by adopting the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol.
V. A. Urechia
In November 1864, Urechia moved to unified Romania's capital, Bucharest, having been granted a seat at the local university's Faculty of Letters, but continued to manage a "V. A. Urechia Institute", his private school. He was also employed as Head of Department in the Education Ministry, in which position he helped his future rival, Titu Maiorescu, who was at the time facing allegations of misconduct and pressured to resign from his teaching position. Also then, as a bibliographer and avid book collector, he was among those tasked by Cuza with drafting the common statute of public libraries throughout the country. He was one of the Romanian Academy's original members upon its 1866 foundation as the "Academic Society", and subsequently participated in setting up its Library. Urechia served as vice-chairman and general secretary of the Academy for several terms, was president of its Historical Section, and supervised a number of its cultural programs. Dissolved in Iaşi due to lack of members, the "Atheneul Român" club was reestablished in the capital during 1865. That year, he published two books: "Femeia română, dupre istorie şi poesie" ("The Romanian Woman in History and Poetry") and "Balul mortului" ("The Dead Man's Ball").
List of Romanian football champions
The Romanian football champions () are the winners of "Liga I", Romania's premier annual association football league competition. The title has been contested since 1909 in varying forms of competition. Steaua București has won a record 26 championship titles, thus making it the most prolific team in the Liga I. The second most successful team in the league is Dinamo București with 18 championship titles. The Steaua-Dinamo rivalry, also known as the Eternal Derby, is the biggest one in the Romanian football championship, and between the two teams, they have won the championship 44 times and finished as runners-up another 36 times during the 100 completed seasons. The third most prolific team was Venus București which won all of its titles during the early editions of the championship, winning eight trophies before its dissolution in 1949. Since the first edition in 1909–10, the league has been won by 23 teams representing 12 cities, with nearly two-thirds of all editions (59 titles) being won by teams from the capital, Bucharest. The 2007–08 champions CFR Cluj were the first team outside Bucharest to win the championship in 16 years.
List of Romanian counties by foreign trade
The Ilfov County and the national capital Bucharest together are the country's top exporter and account for around 19% of the total exports. They are also the largest importer in the country accounting to nearly 40% of total imports. The next two important foreign trade counties are Argeș and Timiș which represent 16.7% of exports and 10.3% of imports, both counties having a production based economy. The economy of Timiș County is mostly based on automotive parts, telecommunications, electronics and consumer goods with large companies having production facilities in the region such as Continental AG, Dräxlmaier Group, Flextronics, Alcatel-Lucent, TRW, TT Electronics, American Superconductor, Philips, Delphi Corporation, Siemens, Smithfield Foods, Nestlé or Procter & Gamble. The economy of Argeș County is mostly based upon automobile manufacturing, oil processing and electrical equipment production with important companies like Automobile Dacia, Petrom (Arpechim Refinery) and Ana Imep. The Automobile Dacia company is the main exporter from Romania with a market share of 10% of total exports.
Law-Racoviță Station
It is located at a distance of 2 kilometers from Zhongshan Station of China and Progress II of the Russian Federation, which permits considerable cooperation between these countries. The station is located 13,352 km from the capital of Romania, Bucharest.
Culture of Romania
The number of cultural events held yearly in Romania has increased over the past few years. Some sporadic events like the "2005 Bucharest CowParade" have been well received and yearly events and festivals have continually attracted interest. Medieval festivals held in cities in Transylvania, which combine street theatre with music and battle reenactments to create a very lively atmosphere, are some of the most popular events. In theatre, a yearly National Festival takes place, and one of the most important international theatre festivals is ""The Sibiu Theatre Festival"," while in filmmaking, the ""TIFF" Film Festival" in Cluj, the ""Dakino" Film Festival" in Bucharest and the ""Anonimul" Film Festival" in the Danube Delta have an ever-stronger international presence. In music, the most important event is the ""George Enescu" Classical Music Festival" but also festivals like ""Jeunesses Musicales" International Festival" and Jazz festivals in Sibiu and Bucharest are appreciated. An important event took place in 2007 when the city of Sibiu was, along with Luxembourg, the European Capital of Culture.
Turks of Romania
The Turks of Romania, also known as Romanian Turks, (, ) are ethnic Turks who form an ethnic minority in Romania. According to the 2011 census, there were 28,226 Turks living in the country, forming a minority of some 0.15% of the population. Of these, 81.1% were recorded in the Dobruja region of the country's southeast, near the Black Sea, in the counties of Constanța (21,014) and Tulcea (1,891), with a further 8.5% residing in the national capital Bucharest (2,388).
Arad, Romania
Arad (; ; ) is the capital city of Arad County, historically situated in the region of Crișana, and having extended in the neighboring Banat region in the 20th century. Arad is the third largest city in Western Romania, behind Timișoara and Oradea, and the 12th largest in Romania, with a population of 159,704.
Turner Broadcasting System Romania
Turner Broadcasting System Romania is one of Turner Broadcasting System's branches in Europe. It is headquartered in Romania's national capital, Bucharest.
Timeline of Cluj-Napoca
In modern times, the city holds the status of "municipiu", is the seat of Cluj County in the north-western part of Romania, and continues to be considered the unofficial capital of the historical province of Transylvania. Cluj continues to be one of the most important academic, cultural, industrial and business centres in Romania. Among other institutions, it hosts the country's largest university, Babeș-Bolyai University, with its famous botanical garden. The current boundaries of the municipality contain an area of . The Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area has a population of 411,379 people, while the population of the peri-urban area () exceeds 420,000 residents, making it one of the most populous cities in Romania.
Bucharest
Bucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459. It became the capital of Romania in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media, culture, and art. Its architecture is a mix of historical (neo-classical), interbellum (Bauhaus and art deco), communist era and modern. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of "Little Paris" ("Micul Paris"). Although buildings and districts in the historic city centre were heavily damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes, and above all Nicolae Ceaușescu's program of systematization, many survived and have been renovated. In recent years, the city has been experiencing an economic and cultural boom. In 2016, the historical city centre was listed as "endangered" by the World Monuments Watch.
CS Dinamo București (rugby)
Dinamo Bucureşti (Rugby) is one of the top rugby clubs in Romania. Located in the nation’s capital, Bucharest, the Dinamo Bucuresti side traditionally consisted of members drawn from the ranks of the civil service and/or police. Along with the army side, Steaua, the Dinamo team is one of the nation’s top rugby union outfits. The Dinamo Gaz Sud team, as they are presently known, won the 2007–08 Romanian top division (Divizia Nationala) title, defeating archrivals Steaua 6–0. This 2008 victory was the side's most recent success, with the team bowing out of the club competition at the semi-final stage during the past two seasons, most recently to eventual champions Baia Mare. Nevertheless, Dinamo Bucuresti has been the dominant club side in Romania since the arrival of the 21st century, recording six titles over the past decade.
1865 flooding of Bucharest
As a result of snowmelt, Bucharest, the capital of Romania, was hit by the worst flooding in its history. Although the death toll is unknown, documents attest a large number of dead and displaced people. At people's pressure, Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza started a project of sewering the Dâmbovița River, which concretized only in 1880, after the plans of engineer Grigore Cerkez. Modern facilities were built to supply water to the city and 12 bridges.
Kiss FM (Romania)
Kiss FM Romania also has a branch in Chişinău, the capital of Moldova, that broadcasts a mix between Kiss FM in Bucharest and local radio programmes.
Bucharest
In 1862, after Wallachia and Moldavia were united to form the Principality of Romania, Bucharest became the new nation's capital city. In 1881, it became the political centre of the newly proclaimed Kingdom of Romania under King Carol I. During the second half of the 19th century, the city's population increased dramatically, and a new period of urban development began. During this period, gas lighting, horse-drawn trams, and limited electrification were introduced. The Dâmbovița River was also massively channelled in 1883, thus putting a stop to previously endemic floods like the 1865 flooding of Bucharest. The Fortifications of Bucharest were built. The extravagant architecture and cosmopolitan high culture of this period won Bucharest the nickname of "Little Paris" ("Micul Paris") of the east, with Calea Victoriei as its Champs-Élysées.
List of diplomatic missions in Romania
This is a list of diplomatic missions in Romania. There are 83 diplomatic missions in Bucharest, and many countries maintain consulates in other Romanian cities.
Also, several other countries have non-resident embassies accredited from other regional capitals, such as Moscow and Belgrade.
2017–2018 Romanian protests
Fresh anti-government protests took place on August 10th 2018. The event, entitled "Diaspora at Home", was organized and promoted by Romanians living abroad (the Romanian diaspora), who returned home in large numbers for the protest. Up to 100,000 protesters gathered in front of the Victoria Palace, the government headquarters located in the centre of Bucharest. Over 40,000 people protested in other major cities across the country, including 15,000 in Cluj-Napoca, 10,000 in Iași, 10,000 in Sibiu, 6,000 in Timișoara, 5,000 in Brașov, 3,500 in Baia Mare, 1,500 in Constanța, 1,500 in Galați, 1,000 in Bistrița, 1,000 in Craiova and others. Protesters asked for the resignation of the Dăncilă Cabinet (the 129th Romanian government, led by prime-minister Viorica Dăncilă), unhappy with the governing of the ruling Social Democratic Party (PSD). This included the governmental decision-making on judicial legislation and the attempted modification of the criminal (or penal) code, the dismissal of the Prosecutor General of the National Anticorruption Directorate, Laura Codruța Kövesi, the gaffes of the prime minister and the fact that the leader of the Social Democratic Party, Liviu Dragnea, is head of the Chamber of Deputies despite having been sentenced to prison.
Palace
Palaces in Romania, as elsewhere in Europe, were originally built for royalty, nobles and bishops. Three former royal palaces in Romania are the Cotroceni Palace (now the Presidential residence); the Royal Palace in Bucharest, which now houses the National Museum of Art of Romania; and the Elisabeta Palace. Although Romania is no longer a monarchy, its former King Michael now resides at Elisabeta Palace.
Țara Făgărașului
Țara Făgărașului (also "Țara Oltului"; , , or "terra Alutus") is a region is southern Transylvania, Romania. Its main city is Făgăraș. On the north, it is bordered by the Olt River, while the region of Wallachia is to the south. In the Kingdom of Hungary and in Greater Romania, it corresponded to the counties of Fogaras and, respectively, Făgăraș. Today, it is divided between Brașov and Sibiu counties.
Cahul
Cahul is twinned with:
In Cahul is located one of the two Consulates General of Romania in Moldova. On 2 November 2009 the President of Romania Traian Băsescu has signed the decrees on opening of Romanian general consulat in Cahul. "The opening of the Romanian consulates in Bălţi and Cahul will be beneficial for the Moldovan people, who have encountered economic and time-related problems as they have to travel to the consulate in Chişinău," Moldova's Foreign Minister Iurie Leancă said, commenting on the Băsescu's decree.
Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan
In short time, Izabela Morțun made her way to Bucharest, Romania's capital. Still an active socialist, she was present at the 2nd Congress of the Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party, and met, through her socialist connections, several major figures on the late 19th century Romanian literary scene: Ion Luca Caragiale, Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea, Alexandru Vlahuță. Another such figure was the socialist veteran Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, about whom she later wrote: "I never again met a man who could spread as much serenity and reconciliation all around him".
Ținutul Mureș
Ținutul Mureș (or "Ținutul Alba Iulia") was one of the ten "ținuturi" ("lands") of Romania, founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration. It comprised most of Transylvania, and included part of Székely Land. Its capital was the city of Alba-Iulia. Ținutul Mureș ceased to exist following the territorial losses of Romania to the Axis powers and the king's abdication in 1940.
Romanian Athenaeum
The Romanian Athenaeum () is a concert hall in the center of Bucharest, Romania and a landmark of the Romanian capital city. Opened in 1888, the ornate, domed, circular building is the city's main concert hall and home of the "George Enescu" Philharmonic and of the George Enescu annual international music festival.
List of cities and towns in Romania
Romania has 1 city with more than 1 million residents (Bucharest with 1,883,425 people), 19 cities with more than 100,000 residents, and 178 towns with more than 10,000 residents.
Politics of Romania
For territorial and administrative purposes, Romania is divided into 41 counties ("județe", singular "județ") and the city of Bucharest. Each county is governed by an elected council. Local councils and elected mayors are the public authorities in villages and towns. The county council coordinates the activities of village and town councils.
National Bank of Romania
The National Bank of Romania (, BNR) is the central bank of Romania and was established in April 1880. Its headquarters are located in the capital city of Bucharest.
Bucharest
In 2015, Bucharest experienced drama, 64 people were killed in the Colectiv nightclub fire. Later the Romanian capital saw the 2017–2018 Romanian protests against the judicial reforms. On 10 August 2018 a protest under the motto "Diaspora at Home" was held in Bucharest and was marked by significant violence, with over 450 persons injured.Bucharest is situated on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, which flows into the Argeș River, a tributary of the Danube. Several lakesthe most important of which are Lake Herăstrău, Lake Floreasca, Lake Tei, and Lake Colentinastretch across the northern parts of the city, along the Colentina River, a tributary of the Dâmbovița. In addition, in the centre of the capital is a small artificial lakeLake Cișmigiusurrounded by the Cișmigiu Gardens. These gardens have a rich history, having been frequented by poets and writers. Opened in 1847 and based on the plans of German architect Carl F.W. Meyer, the gardens are the main recreational facility in the city centre.
Sectors of Bucharest
The Municipality of Bucharest (the capital of Romania) is divided into 6 administrative units, named sectors ("sectoare" in Romanian), each of which has their own mayor and council, and has responsibility over local affairs, such as secondary streets, parks, schools and the cleaning services.
Constanța
After Bucharest, the capital city, Romania has a number of major cities that are roughly equal in size: Constanța, Iași, Cluj-Napoca and Timișoara.
Geography of Romania
Romania's current administrative divisions include 41 counties and one city - Bucharest - with special status, see Administrative divisions of Romania.
Roman, Romania
Roman (; , ) is a city with the title of municipality located in the central part of Moldavia, a traditional region of Romania. It is located 46 km east of Piatra Neamț, in Neamț County at the confluence of the Siret and Moldova rivers.
Treaty of Bucharest (1916)
In October the Romanian Army was pushed out of Transylvania with the help of German reinforcements. By the end of 1916 the capital Bucharest fell—along with Wallachia and Dobruja—under the control of Central Powers and the Romanian government retreated to Iași. Thompson, now head of the British Military Mission, had to alleviate the consequences of Romania’s capitulation, and he personally supervised the destruction of the Romanian oil wells to deny them to Germany.
Focșani
Focșani (; ; ; ; ) is the capital city of Vrancea County in Romania on the shores the Milcov River, in the historical region of Moldavia. It has a population () of 79,315.
List of cities and towns in Romania
This is a list of cities and towns in Romania, ordered by population according to the 2002 and 2011 censuses. For the major cities, average altitude is also given. Cities in bold are county capitals. The list includes major cities with the status of "municipiu" (103 in total), as well as towns with the status of "oraș" (217 in total).
Centura București
Centura București () is a national-class road in Romania, circling the capital city of Bucharest. It is not to be mistaken with the planned Bucharest Motorway Ring Road (), which will encircle the city at a further distance.
Ținutul Dunării
Ținutul Dunării (or "Ținutul Dunărea de Jos") was one of the ten Romanian "ținuturi" ("lands") founded in 1938, after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration. Named after the Danube River and extending over historical areas of Moldavia (into Moldavia-proper, as well as Budjak and Bessarabia), Northern Dobruja (with the Danube Delta), and an area of Wallachia around Brăila. Its capital was the city of Galați. Ținutul Dunării ceased to exist following the territorial losses of Romania and the king's abdication in 1940.
Coat of arms of Bucharest
The coat of arms of Bucharest is the heraldic symbol of the capital city of Romania. The present-day coat of arms was adopted by "Domnitor" (Ruling Prince) Alexandru Ioan Cuza, and changed under the Communist regime. In 1994, it was renewed again with minor alterations.
Capital (Romanian magazine)
Capital ("Capital" in Romanian) is a Romanian financial and economic weekly magazine published in Bucharest.
Iași
Known as "The Cultural Capital of Romania", Iași is a symbol in Romanian history. The historian Nicolae Iorga said "There should be no Romanian who does not know of it". Still referred to as "The Moldavian Capital", Iași is the main economic and business centre of the Moldavian region of Romania. In December 2018, Iași was officially declared "Historical capital of Romania".
Cluj-Napoca
The executive presidium of the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) and all its departments are headquartered in Cluj, as are local and regional organisations of most Romanian political parties. In order to counterbalance the political influence of Transylvania's Hungarian minority, nationalist Romanians in Transylvania founded the Party of Romanian National Unity (PUNR) at the beginnings of the 1990s; the party was present in the Romanian Parliament during the 1992–1996 legislature. The party eventually moved its main offices to Bucharest and fell into decline as its leadership joined the ideologically similar PRM. In 2008, the "Institute for Research on National Minorities", subordinated to the Romanian Government, opened its official headquarters in Cluj-Napoca.
Bucharest Daily News
Bucharest Daily News was an English-language newspaper operating out of the Romanian capital city, Bucharest, and was frequently cited as a source by the sudden influx of Romanian news articles on Wikinews.
It covered everything from world and local news, politics, business, arts and leisure, sports and feature stories. In early 2006, the publication received a lot of attention for a series on the effects of an EU-imposed ban on international adoptions from Romania. The articles called attention to the poor conditions in Romanian orphanages and children's hospitals while the ban was being lauded by former European Parliament Rapporteur for Romania, Baroness Emma Nicholson.
BC Gladiator Cluj-Napoca
BC Gladiator Cluj-Napoca was a Romanian professional basketball club, based in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The team promoted for the first time in Division A in 2009, only two years after being founded. After Gladiator's promotion, Cluj-Napoca became the first city of Romania, except for the capital Bucharest, with more than one team in the first division.
Religion in Romania
Approximately 40,000 people have identified as nonreligious in Romania in the 2011 census, out of which 21,000 declared atheists and 19,000 agnostics. Most of them are concentrated in major cities such as Bucharest or Cluj-Napoca. Irreligion is much lower in Romania than in most other European countries; one of the lowest in the Europe.
Transport in Bucharest
Bucharest is one of the principal junctions of Romania's national road network, which links the city to all of Romania's major cities as well as to neighbouring countries such as Hungary, Bulgaria and Ukraine. Romania's three motorways currently in operation, the A1, the A2 which links the capital with the country's ports and seaside resorts on the Black Sea and the A3.
Romania in World War II
By 1944, the Romanian economy was in tatters because of the expenses of the war, and destructive Allied air bombing throughout Romania, including the capital, Bucharest. In addition, most of the products sent to Germany – such as oil, grain, and equipment – were provided without monetary compensation, as Germany refused to pay. As a result of these uncompensated exports, inflation in Romania skyrocketed. This caused widespread discontent among the Romanian population, even among those who had once enthusiastically supported the Germans and the war, and an angry relationship between Romania and Germany.
Romania
Most popular skiing resorts are along the Valea Prahovei and in Poiana Brașov. Castles, fortifications, or strongholds as well as well preserved medieval Transylvanian cities such as Cluj-Napoca, Sibiu, Brașov, Bistrița, Mediaș, or Sighișoara also attract a large number of tourists. Bran Castle, near Brașov, is one of the most famous attractions in Romania, drawing hundreds of thousands of tourists every year as it is often advertised as being Dracula's Castle. Hunedoara Castle is another famous structure.
Băișoara mine
The Băișoara mine is a large open pit mine in the north-western of Romania in Cluj County, 60 km south of Cluj-Napoca and 466 km north-west of the capital, Bucharest. Băișoara represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 6 million tonnes of ore. The mine produces around 50,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
Roman, Romania
The first hospital in Roman was built in 1798 on the place where the Municipal Hospital "Precista Mare" is located today. Talmud Torah, one of the first Jewish schools in Principality of Moldova, was inaugurated in 1817, an important event in itself as Moldova did not grant citizenship to Jews.
Roman became a railway hub in the 19th century, when the second railway in Romania was opened in December 1869, from Roman to Suceava (Iţcani). One year later, on December 27, 1870, The Bucharest-Galaţi-Roman railway was also opened, linking Roman to the capital via Mărășești, Tecuci, Galaţi, Brăila and Buzău. Right after the inauguration, this railway was closed due to technical problems, but it was reestablished on September 13, 1872. At the same time, after a reluctant government gave its long-waited approval, the first high school of the city, "Roman-Vodă", was opened on September 30 in the building that is still in use today as that of School No. 1.
Ținutul Prut
Ținutul Prut was one of the ten Romanian "ținuturi" ("lands"), founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration. It comprised parts of central Moldavia (and central Bessarabia), and was named after the Prut River; its capital was the city of Iași. Ținutul Prut ceased to exist following the territorial losses of Romania to the Soviet Union and the king's abdication in 1940.
Craiova
Craiova (), Romania's 6th largest city and capital of Dolj County, is situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.
Caracal, Romania
While 19th century historians thought that the name of Caracal is linked to Roman Emperor Caracalla, the current accepted etymology is that city's name is derived from the Cuman language "kara kale" meaning "Black fortress" ("kara", meaning "black", and "kal", either from the Turkish "kale", or the Arabic "qal'at", both meaning fortress).
The end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century saw Caracal experience significant growth and the region become one of the most important agricultural regions in Romania. Caracal was this region's capital and seat of Romanaţi County. World War II and the communist regime brought changes to this region and to the city of Caracal. The communist government, which disestablished Romanaţi County, instituted industrialization plans and Caracal experienced continued economic growth through the establishment of industrial plants in the textile industry sector.
Economy of Romania
Romania continues to be one of the leading nations in Central and Eastern Europe for attracting foreign direct investment: the inward FDI in the country with a cumulative FDI totaling more than $170 billion since 1989. Romania is the largest electronics producer in Central and Eastern Europe. Electronics manufacturing and research are among the main drivers of innovation and economic growth in the country. In the past 20 years Romania has also grown into a major center for mobile technology, information security, and related hardware research Dacia automobiles. Up until the late 2000s financial crisis, the Romanian economy had been referred to as a "Tiger" due to its high growth rates and rapid development. Until 2009, Romanian economic growth was among the fastest in Europe (officially 8.4% in 2008 and more than three times the EU average). Romania is rich in iron ore, oil, salt, uranium, nickel, copper and natural gas. The country is a regional leader in multiple fields, such as IT and motor vehicle production. Bucharest, the capital city, is one of the largest financial and industrial centres in Eastern Europe. According to Eurostat Romania posted the biggest economic growth in EU in 2016 by more than 6% increase of GDP.
Constanța County
Constanța () is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Dobruja region. Its capital city is also named Constanța.
One leu (Romanian coin)
The leu coin was re-introduced in 1947 by the People's Republic of Romania, proclaimed that year. It had the same diameter as the last one leu coin in the Kingdom, but due to a new composition of 63% copper and 37% zinc, its weight fell to 2.5g. The obverse featured the new state arms with country name above and year below, and the reverse had the denomination between sheafs of wheat. A total of around 90 million of these coins were minted, between the Romanian capital Bucharest and the Hungarian capital Budapest.
TAROM Flight 371
TAROM Flight 371 (RO371/ROT371) was a scheduled international passenger flight, flying with an Airbus A310 from Otopeni International Airport in Romania's capital Bucharest to Brussels Airport in Brussels, Belgium. The flight was operated by TAROM, the flag carrier of Romania. On 31 March 1995 the Airbus A310-324, registered as YR-LCC, stalled after take off and crashed near Baloteşti in Romania. All 60 people aboard were killed in the crash.
Măcin
Măcin is located in the north-western part of the Dobrudja region, in Tulcea County. The city is located at the intersection of the DN22 (E87) and DN22D national roads. The DN22 road links it to the Romanian capital, Bucharest (230 km to the West, via Brăila) and to cities of Isaccea and Tulcea (to the East). The DN22D road connects Măcin through a southern route with Tulcea and Constanţa. According to the 2011 census, the population numbered 7,666 inhabitants, composed of 91.46% Romanians, 4.8% Roma, 2.92% Turks and 0.37% Russian Lipovans.
Klaus Iohannis
Iohannis was first elected mayor of the city of Sibiu in 2000, representing the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania. Although the German population of the once predominantly German-speaking city of Sibiu (, Transylvanian Saxon dialect: "Härmeschtat") had declined to a tiny minority, Iohannis won a surprise victory and was re-elected by landslides in 2004, 2008, and 2012. Iohannis is credited with turning his city into one of Romania's most popular tourist destinations, and the city was declared the European Capital of Culture in 2007. In February 2013, Iohannis became a member of the National Liberal Party, accepting an invitation from Liberal leader Crin Antonescu, and was immediately elected the party's First Vice President, becoming the party's President the following year.
Capital punishment in Romania
Capital punishment in Romania was abolished in 1990, and has been prohibited by the Constitution of Romania since 1991.
Counties of Romania
A total of 41 counties (), along with the municipality of Bucharest, constitute the official administrative divisions of Romania. They represent the country's NUTS-3 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – Level 3) statistical subdivisions within the European Union and each of them serves as the local level of government within its borders. Most counties are named after a major river, while some are named after notable cities within them, such as the county seat.
Metropolitan areas in Romania
The current legislation in Romania regulates the status of the 265 cities according to their population and regional importance:
Vika Jigulina
Victoria Corneva was born in Cahul, Moldavian SSR (Moldova). In 2000, Jigulina moved to Timișoara, Romania and continued her studies while there. She worked in various local clubs and eventually worked in the capital city Bucharest. She landed weekly shows on Romanian radio stations that gained her nationwide exposure and fame. In 2010, Jigulina officially became a Romanian citizen. She is currently working as a disk jockey for Radio 21 Romania and Vibe FM.
Cotroceni Palace
Cotroceni Palace (Romanian: "Palatul Cotroceni") is the official residence of the President of Romania. It is located at "Bulevardul Geniului, nr. 1", in Bucharest, Romania. The palace also houses the National Cotroceni Museum.
Romanian language
In the 2014 census, out of the 2,804,801 people living in Moldova, 24% (652,394) stated Romanian as their most common language, whereas 56% stated Moldovan. While in the urban centers speakers are split evenly between the two names (with the capital Chișinău showing a strong preference for the name "Romanian", i.e. 3:2), in the countryside hardly a quarter of Romanian/Moldovan speakers indicated Romanian as their native language. It should be noted that unofficial results of this census first showed a stronger preference for the name Romanian, however the initial reports were later dismissed by the Institute for Statistics, which led to speculations in the media regarding the forgery of the census results.
Timeline of Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca (, ; , ; Medieval Latin: "Castrum Clus", "Claudiopolis"; and , "Kloiznburg"), commonly known as "Cluj", is located in the Someșul Mic River valley, roughly equidistant from Bucharest (), Budapest () and Belgrade (). Throughout its long history, the area around Cluj-Napoca was part of many empires and kingdoms, including the Roman Empire (as part of the Dacia province and later a sub-division of Dacia Porolissensis), "Gepidia", "Avaria", the Hungarian Kingdom, the Habsburg Monarchy, Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Romania. From 1790–1848 and 1861–1867, it was the official capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania.
History of Bucharest
At the climax of the World War I Romanian Campaign on December 6, 1916, Bucharest was placed under the military occupation of the Central Powers (while the government retreated to Iaşi). Of the 215 million lei demanded by the new administration in order to cover its expenses, 86 were owed by the capital. After the Compiègne Armistice, German troops evacuated Bucharest, and a Romanian administration was reinstated in late November 1918. As the country was embarking on the course that led to the creation of a "Greater Romania" (confirmed by the treaties of Saint-Germain, Neuilly and Trianon), its capital witnessed a relatively expanded social crisis – on December 26, 1918, troops fired on compositors engaged in a strike, who had been agitated by the newly created Socialist Party of Romania.
Dealul Mitropoliei
Dealul Mitropoliei (, "Metropolitanate Hill"), also called Dealul Patriarhiei (, "Patriarchate Hill"), is a small hill in Bucharest, Romania and an important historic, cultural, architectural, religious and touristic point in the national capital. From a religious point of view, it is one of the centres of Romanian Orthodoxy: the headquarters of the Romanian Patriarchy and the residence of the Patriarch are both located here.
Metropolis of Oltenia
The Metropolis of Oltenia () is a metropolis of the Romanian Orthodox Church. Its see is the Archdiocese of Craiova; its suffragan dioceses are the Archdiocese of Râmnic and the dioceses of Severin and Strehaia and Slatina and Romanați. The headquarters is the Cathedral of Saint Demetrius in Craiova. Covering the historic region of Oltenia, it is the successor of the Metropolis of Severin, attested as of 1370 and located at Severin. After a short period, this entity was moved to Râmnic as the Diocese of Râmnic-Nou Severin. The modern metropolis was established in November 1939 and dissolved in April 1945, shortly after the imposition of a Romanian Communist Party-dominated government. In mid-1947, the Archdiocese of Craiova, covering western Oltenia, was created. In 1949, the archdiocese was elevated to the rank of metropolis.
List of Romanian counties by GDP
This is a list of the 41 Romanian counties, and one city with special status (Bucharest, the national capital) by GDP and GDP per capita. The equivalent countries which are comparable to the Romanian counties in GDP are chosen by Worldbank data for the same year.
List of mayors of Bucharest
This article consists of several lists highlighting the political figures who, from 1864 onwards, have been serving as the Mayors of Bucharest, the capital city of Romania. The article comprises a main list showcasing the mayors of the city proper as well as several other smaller lists displaying the mayors of the six constituent Sectors of Bucharest (i.e. Sector 1, Sector 2, Sector 3, Sector 4, Sector 5, respectively Sector 6). (PNL)
Rovina mine
The Rovina mine is a large open pit mine in the west of Romania in Hunedoara County, 18 km north of Deva and 388 km north of the capital, Bucharest. Rovina represents a large gold and copper deposit with estimated reserves of 4 million oz of gold and 244,000 tonnes of copper. The project is owned by the Toronto-based company Carpathian Gold.
Petre P. Carp
In fact, Lieutenant Petre Carp Jr died shortly after, serving as a Ferdinand loyalist in the abortive Romanian expedition into Transylvania. The loss greatly affected Carp, who withdrew to Țibănești, before friends persuaded him to join them in Bucharest. He was in the city as Romanian troops registered crushing defeats, and watched on as the King and his ministers followed the army on a hasty retreat into Moldavia. As the Romanian authorities established a provisional capital in Iași, the indignant Carp personally witnessed the triumphal entry of German troops into Bucharest.
Ținutul Timiș
Ținutul Timiș was one of the ten Romanian "ținuturi" ("lands"), founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration. It comprised the Romanian Banat and part of Transylvania, and was named after the Timiș River; its capital was the city of Timișoara. Ținutul Timiș ceased to exist following the territorial losses of Romania to the Axis powers and the king's abdication in 1940.
Romanian science fiction
The following story was "Spiritele anului 3000", a utopia written two years later, in 1875, by a teenager under the pen name "Demetriu G. Ionnescu", who would later become the statesman Take Ionescu. The short story is set in the year 3000, when the earth is populated by humans of small stature who reach maturity by age 15. Politically, the monarchies have been abolished, with all the states being republics and part of a world confederation. Religion and wars have disappeared and Bucharest, a garden city, is the capital of a Romania within its natural (ethnic) borders, following a ruling from a Supreme Tribunal.
Deva, Romania
Deva's tourist attractions include the Arts Theatre, the Patria Cinema, the Old Centre and the Citadel Park, where there are the statues of Mihai Eminescu and Decebal and the Magna Curia Palace. There is also the Aqualand Complex, a recently built leisure centre situated near the Citadel Park. It is an important tourist spot for the Transylvania region. Downtown the city, the House of culture and the musical fountain represent two elements that basically define the centre of Deva.
Deva is considered the "Gymnastics capital of Romania" because the National gymnastics training center is located within the city. Many of the country's Olympic gymnasts have trained in Deva.
Radu Vodă Monastery
Located at Radu Vodă str., no. 24A on the banks of Dâmboviţa River and close to the Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral, the Monastery is located right in the middle of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. It is a few hundred meters away from the exit of Piaţa Unirii metro station.
List of technology centers
Romania
Săcărâmb mine
The Săcărâmb mine is a large open pit mine in the west of Romania in Hunedoara County, 30 km north of Deva and 400 km north of the capital, Bucharest. Săcărâmb represents a large gold deposit with estimated reserves of 0.53 million oz of gold. The mine also has the only tellurium and selenium reserves in Romania having around 10 million tonnes grading 0.24g/tonnes for both elements. The project is owned by the Toronto-based company Carpathian Gold in association with the Romanian company Deva Gold.
Giurgiu
Giurgiu () is a city in southern Romania. The seat of Giurgiu County, it lies in the historical region of Muntenia. It is situated amid mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city of Ruse on the opposite bank. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port, Smarda. The rich grain-growing land to the north is traversed by a railway to Bucharest, the first line opened in Romania, which was built in 1869 and afterwards extended to Smarda. Giurgiu exports timber, grain, salt and petroleum, and imports coal, iron, and textiles.