When was github created?
Chris Wanstrath
Chris Wanstrath is an American technology entrepreneur. He is the co-founder and former CEO of GitHub, a social network centered around software development, which he created with Tom Preston-Werner in 2008. Before starting GitHub, he worked with CNET on GameSpot. According to Forbes his net worth is estimated to be $1.4 billion and he is listed in Forbes Magazine in America's richest entrepreneurs under 40,as well as Fortune Magazine's 40 under 40. He was one of the key speakers at NASA's open source summit. He was named in CNBC's Disruptor 50 list.
Netlify
On August 16, 2016, Netlify raised $2.1 million from the founders of GitHub, Heroku, and Rackspace Cloud.
Kiwix
Kiwix is a free and open-source offline web browser created by Emmanuel Engelhart and Renaud Gaudin in 2007. It was first launched to allow offline access to Wikipedia, but has since expanded to include other projects from the Wikimedia Foundation as well as public domain texts from the Project Gutenberg. Available in more than 100 languages, Kiwix has been included in several high-profile projects, from smuggling operations in North Korea and encyclopedic access in Cuba to Google Impact Challenge's recipient Bibliothèques Sans Frontières.
Gollum Wiki
Gollum is a wiki using git as the back end storage mechanism, and written mostly in Ruby. It is the wiki system used by the GitHub web hosting system.
GhostTunes
Following widely covered disagreements with music streaming, Garth Brooks founded GhostTunes in 2014 to coincide with his return to live performing and album releases. Its beta version launched on September 4, 2014, with the full version rolling out two months later.
Coraline Ada Ehmke
Also in 2014, she created the Contributor Covenant, a code of conduct used in over 40,000 open source projects including all such projects from Google, Microsoft, and Apple. In 2016, she received a Ruby Hero award in recognition of her work on the Contributor Covenant. After allegations of sexual harassment were made against the founder and CEO of GitHub and his wife in March 2014, Ehmke joined Betsy Haibel to create a service called the Culture Offset. Culture Offset allowed people who wished to boycott GitHub but were unable to do so because it was necessary for their work to "offset" their use by directing donations to organizations working to help underrepresented people in the technology industry. This project was featured in the "Wall Street Journal" and "Wired" Magazine.
GitHub
On February 24, 2009, GitHub team members announced, in a talk at Yahoo! headquarters, that within the first year of being online, GitHub had accumulated over 46,000 public repositories, 17,000 of which were formed in the previous month alone. At that time, about 6,200 repositories had been forked at least once and 4,600 had been merged.
RubyGems
Development on RubyGems started in November 2003 and was released to the public on March 14, 2004, or Pi Day 2004. In 2010, the default public repository for gems moved from http://gems.rubyforge.org to http://rubygems.org, which is still in use. Also, RubyGems development was moved to GitHub in 2010. Though RubyGems has existed since Ruby 1.8, it was not a part of the standard Ruby distribution until Ruby 1.9.
LiquidHub
The company was founded by Jonathan A. Brassington, Robert T. Kelley and Leighton M. Yohannan in 2001. Founded as a systems integrator, the company moved into enterprise architecture and customer engagement in 2014.
Zhao (surname)
In 2016, the blog writer Program Think set up a GitHub project named Zhao. The project collects the relationships among more than 700 people in over 130 families include Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and many other high level government officials of Communist Party of China. Cyber Security Association of China requested GitHub to remove the project. Error status code 451 would be reached if the connection request to the project is from China.
Blurtit
In 2009 Blurtit started working on the development phase of Qhub, a tool for both experts and novice users with a passion for a particular subject to help them set up their own dedicated Q & A forum. This development was part of the online movement where internet users are generating content. It is similar to other online services, such as Squidoo (articles), WordPress (blogs) and SocialGO (social networks). All of them help people set up their own websites without the necessity of having a high level of technical knowledge. Qhub was officially launched in January 2010, but subsequently ceased operations after a brief trial run in June 2011.
.NET Foundation
The .NET Foundation is an independent organization, incorporated on March 31, 2014, by Microsoft, to improve open-source software development and collaboration around the .NET Framework. It was launched at the annual Build 2014 conference held by Microsoft. The foundation is license-agnostic, and projects that come to the foundation are free to choose any open-source license, as defined by the Open Source Initiative (OSI). The foundation uses GitHub to host the open-source projects it manages.
Git Virtual File System
In June 2018, following its acquisition of GitHub, Microsoft announced that it would solicit ideas for a new name of the software, due to complaints by the developers of GNOME over confusion with GNOME Virtual File System.
Open Hub
Black Duck Open Hub, formerly Ohloh, is a website which provides a web services suite and online community platform that aims to index the open-source software development community. It was founded by former Microsoft managers Jason Allen and Scott Collison in 2004 and joined by the developer Robin Luckey. , the site lists 669,601 open-source projects, 681,345 source control repositories, 3,848,524 contributors and 31,688,426,179 lines of code.
GitHub
In June 2015, GitHub opened an office in Japan that is its first office outside of the U.S.
Markdown
In 2017, GitHub released a formal specification of their GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM) that is based on CommonMark. It follows the CommonMark specification exactly except for "tables, strikethrough, autolinks and task lists," which the GitHub spec has added as extensions. 
GitHub also changed the parser used on their sites accordingly, which required that some documents be changed — for instance, GFM now requires that the hash symbol that creates a heading is separated by a space character.
GitHub
Over the course of 2018, Github doubled its number of takedown orders and gag orders in the year after Microsoft purchased and maintained the site.
WikiHow
wikiHow was founded by Jack Herrick on January 15, 2005, with the goal of creating an extensive how-to manual with accurate, up-to-date instructions in multiple languages. The day of January 15 was intentionally selected as the launch date in order to honor Wikipedia, which was launched four years earlier on January 15, 2001. Herrick drew inspiration to start wikiHow from a how-to website he and Josh Hannah had previously purchased in 2004, eHow. After running eHow, Herrick concluded that eHow's business model prevented it from becoming the extensive, high quality how-to manual he wanted to create. Herrick and Hannah sold eHow in 2006, allowing Herrick to focus on wikiHow full-time.
Netlify
On July 10, 2018, GitHub founder and former CEO Tom Preston-Werner predicted that "within 5 years, you'll build your next large scale, fully featured web app with JAMstack and deploy on Netlify."
GitHub
On July 25, 2010, GitHub announced that it was hosting 1 million repositories. On April 20, 2011, GitHub announced that it was hosting 2 million repositories.
Qhub
The website was launched in 2004 to offer a Q&A web solution. Tim O’Shea and Christopher Lee, who also founded Blurtit, created Qhub. After founding the company Lee wrote, “We believe the Q&A format is at its most useful when built around a niche with owners and members who are really passionate about their subject.”
Gitter
On March 15, 2017, GitLab announced the acquisition of Gitter. Included in the announcement was the stated intent that Gitter would continue as a standalone project. Additionally, GitLab announced that the code would become open source under an MIT License no later than June 2017. The source code has since been published in a set of repositories on GitLab's own instance of GitLab.
Gitter
Individual chat rooms can be created for individual git repositories on GitHub. Chatroom privacy follows the privacy settings of the associated GitHub repository: thus, a chatroom for a private (i.e. members-only) GitHub repository is also private to those with access to the repository. A graphical badge linking to the chat room can then be placed in the git repository's README file, bringing it to the attention of all users and developers of the project. Users can chat in the chat rooms, or access private chat rooms for repositories they have access to, by logging into Gitter via GitHub (which does not involve sharing the user's GitHub password with Gitter).
GitHub
On June 19, 2018, GitHub expanded its GitHub Education by offering free education bundles to all schools.
Censorship of GitHub
On October 8, 2016, following the leak of emails of Turkish Minister Berat Albayrak by RedHack, the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK) ordered ISPs to block several file sharing websites, including Dropbox, Microsoft OneDrive, and Google Drive. The censorship monitoring watchdog Turkey Blocks observed that GitHub was blocked the following morning, and associated administrative orders were subsequently posted by the BTK stating that access had been officially restricted. Software that depended on GitHub reported errors, such as Font Awesome and Homebrew. Participants in Startup Istanbul week also complained about the unavailability of infrastructure. The #GitHub hashtag became one of Twitter's top trends in Turkey. According to "The Daily Dot", RedHack purposefully spread the emails using multiple services, expecting Turkey to block them so that the Streisand effect could be utilized. GitHub was unblocked 18 hours later.
Bitbucket
Bitbucket Server (formerly known as Stash) is a combination Git server and web interface product written in Java and built with Apache Maven. It allows users to do basic Git operations (such as reviewing or merging code, similar to GitHub) while controlling read and write access to the code. It also provides integration with other Atlassian tools.
Bitbucket Server is a commercial software product that can be licensed for running on-premises. Atlassian provides Bitbucket Server for free to open source projects meeting certain criteria, and to organizations that are non-profit, non-government, non-academic, non-commercial, non-political, and secular. For academic and commercial customers, the full source code is available under a developer source license.
GitHub
On July 29, 2015, GitHub announced it had raised $250 million in funding in a round led by Sequoia Capital. The round valued the company at approximately $2 billion.
Leaseweb
Leaseweb makes use of and contributes to many tools co-created in an open source environment such as GitHub, Apache CloudStack and Nginx. Leasweb’s development findings are on GitHub, the world’s largest open source community. Leaseweb are a sponsor of the Apache Software Foundation.
Gitorious
Gitorious was a shared web hosting service for collaborative free and open-source software development projects that use the Git revision control system. The name also refers to the free and open-source server software that the Web site is developed and hosted on. According to the Git User's Survey in 2011, Gitorious was the second most popular hosting service for Git, with 11.7% of respondents indicating they use it, behind 87.5% using GitHub. On 3 March 2015, Gitorious was acquired by GitLab, who announced service through gitorious.org would be discontinued on 1 June 2015 and encouraged Gitorious users to make use of its import tools to migrate projects to GitLab.
GitHub
On July 5, 2009, GitHub announced that the site was now harnessed by over 100,000 users. On July 27, 2009, in another talk delivered at Yahoo!, Tom Preston-Werner announced that GitHub had grown to host 90,000 unique public repositories, 12,000 having been forked at least once, for a total of 135,000 repositories.
Tom Preston-Werner
Preston-Werner co-founded GitHub in 2008 with Chris Wanstrath, PJ Hyett and Scott Chacon, as a place to share and collaborate on code.
Electronic publishing
The first digitization initiative was in 1971 in the United States, by Michael S. Hart. He was a student at the University of Illinois, and decided to launch the Project Gutenberg. The project was about making literature more accessible to everyone, through internet. It took a while to develop, and in 1989 there were only 10 texts that were manually recopied on computer by Michael S. Hart himself and some volunteers. But with the appearance of the Web 1.0 in 1991 and its ability to connect documents together through static pages, the project moved quickly forward. Many more volunteers helped in developing the project by giving access to public domain classics.
MegaGlest
Hosted originally on Sourceforge, in 2013 the project migrated to GitHub.
History of free and open-source software
As a result of the removal of the BitKeeper license, Linus Torvalds immediately decided to write his own DVCS, called git, because he thought none of the existing open-source DVCSs were suitable for his particular needs as a kernel maintainer (which was why he had adopted BitKeeper in the first place). A number of other developers quickly jumped in and helped him, and git over time grew from a relatively simple "stupid content tracker" (on which some developers developed "porcelain" extensions) into the sophisticated and powerful DVCS that it is today. Torvalds no longer maintains git himself, however; it has been maintained by Junio Hamano for many years, and has continued receiving contributions from many developers.
Aaron Swartz
Kazakh computer scientist and neuro-researcher Alexandra Elbakyan founded the website Sci-Hub. Sci-Hub gives access to paywalled articles through its repository without paying, holding over 50 million articles. Elbakyan has frequently been compared to Swartz in her solid criticism of paywalls and her dedication to Sci-Hub which she says will not be brought down regardless of lawsuits.
 Swartz has been identified as a cofounder of Reddit, but the title is a source of controversy. With the merger of Infogami and Reddit, Swartz became a co-owner and director of parent company Not A Bug, Inc., along with Reddit cofounders Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian. Swartz has been referred to as "cofounder" in the press and by investor Paul Graham (who recommended the merger); Ohanian describes him as "co-owner".
Censorship of GitHub
GreatFire speculated that the attack was related to a popular White House petition calling for the denial of entry to the United States of the architects of the Great Firewall of China. The petition linked to a Gist containing names of 3 of the architects and their contact information. GreatFire also said that since GitHub is HTTPS only, Chinese authorities can't block individual pages and have to completely block the website, which helps explain why they would have to resort to the attack. "InformationWeek" noted the economic difficulty related to blocking GitHub: "What makes GitHub interesting from a censorship point of view is that it combines a critical business service—collaborative coding—with social interaction."
GitLab
On June 4, 2018, the same day GitHub was acquired by Microsoft, some projects previously hosted on GitHub might have been moved to GitLab. GitLab moved from Microsoft Azure to Google Cloud Platform in August 11, 2018, which made the service inaccessible to users in Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, and Syria, due to sanctions imposed by Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States.
Litecoin
Litecoin was released via an open-source client on GitHub on October 7, 2011 by Charlie Lee, a Google employee and former Engineering Director at Coinbase. The Litecoin network went live on October 13, 2011. It was a fork of the Bitcoin Core client, differing primarily by having a decreased block generation time (2.5 minutes), increased maximum number of coins, different hashing algorithm (scrypt, instead of SHA-256), and a slightly modified GUI.
History of Gmail
Gmail was a project started by Google developer Paul Buchheit, who had already explored the idea of web-based email in the 1990s, before the launch of Hotmail, while working on a personal email software project as a college student. Buchheit began his work on Gmail in August 2001. At Google, Buchheit had first worked on Google Groups and when asked "to build some type of email or personalization product", he created the first version of Gmail in one day, reusing the code from Google Groups. The project was known by the code name "Caribou", a reference to a Dilbert comic strip about Project Caribou.
Jetty (web server)
Jetty was started in 1995 and was hosted by MortBay, creating version 1.x and 2.x, until 2000. From 2000 to 2005, Jetty was hosted by sourceforge.net where version 3.x, 4.x, and 5.x were produced. In 2005, the entire Jetty project moved to codehaus.org. As of 2009, the core components of Jetty have been moved to Eclipse.org, and Codehaus.org continued to provide integrations, extensions, and packaging of Jetty versions 7.x and 8.x (not 9.x) In 2016, the main repository of Jetty moved to Github, but it is still developed under the Eclipse IP Process.
Distributed version control
BitKeeper was used in the development of the Linux kernel from 2002 to 2005. The development of Git, now the world's most popular version control system, was prompted by the decision of the company that made BitKeeper to rescind the free license that Linus Torvalds and some other Linux kernel developers had previously taken advantage of.
RocketHub
RocketHub is an online crowdfunding platform launched in 2010. Based in New York City, its usersincluding musicians, entrepreneurs, scientists, game developers, philanthropists, filmmakers, photographers, theatre producers/directors, writers, and fashion designers,post fundraising campaigns to it to raise funds and awareness for projects and endeavors. Operating in over 190 different countries, RocketHub is considered one of America's largest crowdfunding platforms.
Sexism in the technology industry
C+= was originally posted to GitHub but was removed on December 14 after numerous complaints of sexism. The repository was moved to Bitbucket but after a debate with the legal team, it was removed on December 19. The code is currently hosted on Gitorious and has since reappeared on GitHub.
Open Source Judaism
Hebrew Wikisource was created in 2004 to provide a free and openly licensed home for what is known in Israel as the "Traditional Jewish Bookshelf," thus filling the need left by Project Ben Yehudah. The digital library at Hebrew Wikisource consists not just of texts that have been typed and proofread, but also hundreds of texts that have been punctuated and formatted (as a means of making them accessible to modern readers), texts are linked in tens of thousands of places to sources and parallel literature (as a well of facilitating the conversation between generations that is a feature of the traditional bookshelf), texts that have collaboratively produced commentaries (such as the Mishnah), and texts that have been corrected in new editions based on manuscripts and early versions. While Hebrew Wikisource is open to all texts in Hebrew, and not just to Judaica, it has primarily focused on the latter because the vast majority of public domain Hebrew texts are rabbinic ones. Hebrew Wikisource was the first independent language-domain of Wikisource. In 2009, Yiddish Wikisource was created.
Censorship of GitHub
On January 26, 2013, GitHub users in China experienced a man-in-the-middle attack in which attackers could have intercepted traffic between the site and its users in China. The mechanism of the attack was through a fake SSL certificate. Users attempting to access GitHub received a warning of an invalid SSL certificate, which, due to being signed by an unknown authority, was quickly detected. A spokesperson for GitHub said: "Early last week, it appeared that GitHub was being at least partially blocked by the Great Firewall of China... After a couple days, it appeared that GitHub was no longer being blocked." NETRESEC performed forensics of the attack and determined that it was legitimate due to the large number of router hops involved (6) and because the user submitting the packet capture was from China.
History of YouTube
YouTube was created by PayPal employees as a video-sharing website where users could upload, share and view content. The Internet domain name "codice_1" was activated on Monday, February 14, 2005, at 9:13 p.m.
Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg was started by Michael Hart in 1971 with the digitization of the United States Declaration of Independence. Hart, a student at the University of Illinois, obtained access to a Xerox Sigma V mainframe computer in the university's Materials Research Lab. Through friendly operators, he received an account with a virtually unlimited amount of computer time; its value at that time has since been variously estimated at $100,000 or $100,000,000. Hart has said he wanted to "give back" this gift by doing something that could be considered to be of great value. His initial goal was to make the 10,000 most consulted books available to the public at little or no charge, and to do so by the end of the 20th century.
Ruby (programming language)
Many new and existing Ruby libraries are hosted on [[GitHub]], a service that offers [[Revision control|version control]] repository hosting for [[Git (software)|Git]].
GitHub
On June 2, 2011, ReadWriteWeb reported that GitHub had surpassed SourceForge and Google Code in total number of commits for the period of January to May 2011.
Tox (protocol)
The initial commit to GitHub was pushed on June 23, 2013, by a user named irungentoo. Pre-alpha testing binaries were made available for users from February 3, 2014, onwards, and nightly builds of Tox are published by the Jenkins Automatron. On July 12, 2014, Tox entered an alpha stage in development and a redesigned download page was created for the occasion.
Bobby Gruenewald
In 2007, Gruenewald came up with the idea for the YouVersion Bible App. He said, “I thought about how Gutenberg’s invention revolutionized the accessibility and distribution of Bibles hundreds of years ago, and wondered how technology might be able to do something similar for our generation.” The Bible App was one of the first 200 free apps available when the App Store launched in July 2008 and the first Bible to be featured. The app reached more than 80,000 downloads in its first weekend, and it has since been downloaded in every country of the world on hundreds of millions of devices.
GitHub Pages
GitHub Pages was launched in late 2008. As with the rest of GitHub, it includes both free and paid tiers of service, instead of being supported by web advertising. Web sites generated through this service are hosted either as subdomains of the github.io domain, or as custom domains bought through a third-party domain name registrar.
Gitter
Like other chat technologies, Gitter allows users and developers to instant message (both users with developers, and developers with each other). Because of its integration with Github authentication and its web-based chat client, it is easy for developers who use GitHub to create or join a chat room without needing to install any extra software, or create another username/password pair to remember.
GitHub
GitHub Enterprise is similar to GitHub's public service but is designed for use by large-scale enterprise software development teams where the enterprise wishes to host their repositories behind a corporate firewall.
Tikhon Bernstam
In 2012, Business Insider named Bernstam one of the top 15 CEOs to watch. 
In 2006, Tikhon Bernstam and partners Trip Adler and Jared Friedman started Scribd, the world's largest document sharing site and a top 250 most visited site on the internet. Sometimes called the "YouTube for Documents," Scribd allows you to upload, share, and embed documents of almost any format.
More than 80 million active users visit the world's largest digital library each month.
Gensim
The open source code is developed and hosted on GitHub and a public support forum is maintained on Google Groups and Gitter.
P. J. Hyett
Following the acquisition of GitHub by Microsoft in June 2018, Hyett's stake in the company had an estimated value of "close to $1 billion".
Dshell
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) released a version of Dshell to GitHub social coding website on December 17, 2014, with more than 100 downloads and 2,000 unique visitors in 18 countries. Before it was publicly released, Dshell had a small, select community of users in several government organizations. Users could use the tool tool to find the exact information they needed from network data including looking up names, reassembled website requests or decoded malware traffic. ARL chose to release Dshell to GitHub because sharing it with the world created more security teams gaining another specialized tool to keep their networks secure. Furthermore, increasing the security of the Internet as a whole by increasing the number of skilled eyes looking for bugs and potential improvements throughout the code.
RocketHub
Incorporated in 2009, the platform launched by January 2010. The original founders of RocketHub are Brian Meece, Jed Cohen, Alon Hillel-Tuch, and Vladimir Vukicevic. Bill Clinton and Bill Gates selected it as part of their guest-edited "Ways to Change the World" edition of Wired Magazine. The Company is based in New York City.
GitHub
GitHub renamed Octopuss to Octocat, and trademarked the character along with the new name. Later, GitHub hired illustrator Cameron McEfee to adapt Octocat for different purposes on the website and promotional materials; McEfee and various GitHub users have since created hundreds of variations of the character, which are available on The Octodex.
Web of Things
The same year, Siemens announced the creation of a research group dedicated to the Web of Things. In October 2014, Google also announced their interested in these ideas by launching the Physical Web GitHub project.
Censorship of GitHub
On March 26, 2015, GitHub was the target of a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack originating from China. It targeted two anti-censorship projects: GreatFire and cn-nytimes, the latter including instructions on how to access the Chinese version of "The New York Times".
Kitura
Kitura is a free and open-source web framework written in Swift, developed by IBM and licensed under Apache 2.0. It’s an HTTP server and web framework for writing Swift server applications.
Mark Zuckerberg
A month after Zuckerberg launched Facebook in February 2004, i2hub, another campus-only service, created by Wayne Chang, was launched. i2hub focused on peer-to-peer file sharing. At the time, both i2hub and Facebook were gaining the attention of the press and growing rapidly in users and publicity. In August 2004, Zuckerberg, Andrew McCollum, Adam D'Angelo, and Sean Parker launched a competing peer-to-peer file sharing service called Wirehog, a precursor to Facebook Platform applications.
MegaHAL
MegaHAL is distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). Its source code can be downloaded from the Github repository.
P. J. Hyett
After graduation, Hyett moved to San Francisco. He was a senior software engineer at CNET Networks, and then a partner at Err Free, before co-founding GitHub in 2008.
Git
Git development began in April 2005, after many developers of the Linux kernel gave up access to BitKeeper, a proprietary source-control management (SCM) system that they had formerly used to maintain the project. The copyright holder of BitKeeper, Larry McVoy, had withdrawn free use of the product after claiming that Andrew Tridgell had reverse-engineered the BitKeeper protocols. (The same incident would also spur the creation of another version-control system, Mercurial.)
GitHub
GitHub also provides some software as a service integrations for adding extra features to projects. Those services include:On December 3, 2014, GitHub was blacklisted in Russia because GitHub initially refused to take down user-posted suicide manuals. After a day, Russia withdrew its block.
History of Linux
The history of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel.
Since then, the resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.15 version in 2018 with more than 23.3 million lines of source code without comments under the GNU General Public License v2.
License proliferation
In July 2013, GitHub started a license selection wizard called "choosealicense". GitHub's "choosealicense" frontpage offers as a quick selection only three licenses: the MIT License, the Apache License and the GNU General Public License. Some additional licenses are offered on subpages and via links. Following in 2015, approx. 77% of all licensed projects on GitHub were licensed under at least one of these three licenses.
Chartbeat
Betaworks launched Chartbeat in April 2009 as a real-time web analytics tool that, it said, publishers could use to react quickly to changes in user behavior. At the time, Google Analytics did not offer real-time data. The launch of Chartbeat was part of a broader strategy by Betaworks to capitalize on the growth of the real-time, stream-based, social web. Betaworks had also invested in Twitter, Tumblr, bit.ly, and TweetDeck.
BitKeeper
BitKeeper was first mentioned as a solution to some of the growing pains that Linux was having in September 1998. Early access betas were available in May 1999 and on May 4, 2000, the first public release of BitKeeper was made available.
BitMover used to provide access to the system for certain open-source or free-software projects, one of which was the source code of the Linux kernel. The license for the "community" version of BitKeeper had allowed for developers to use the tool at no cost for open source or free software projects, provided those developers did not participate in the development of a competing tool (such as Concurrent Versions System, GNU arch, Subversion or ClearCase) for the duration of their usage of BitKeeper plus one year. This restriction applied regardless of whether the competing tool was free or proprietary. This version of BitKeeper also required that certain meta-information about changes be stored on computer servers operated by BitMover, an addition that made it impossible for community version users to run projects of which BitMover was unaware.
PerfKitBenchmarker
This community worked together behind the scenes in a private GitHub project to create an open way to measure cloud performance. This community released the first public "beta" was released on February 11, 2015 and announced in a blog post at which point the GitHub project was open to everyone. After almost a year and with large adaption (600+ participants on GitHub) the V1.0.0 was released along with a detailed architectural design on December 10, 2015.
Rob Hartill
In 1994, Hartill moved to Los Alamos in New Mexico to work at the Los Alamos National Laboratory on the ArXiv.org e-print archive with Paul Ginsparg. At the same time, he was a co-founder of the Apache Software Foundation, and made many contributions to the early development of the Apache HTTP Server. In 1994, Hartill was one of only six inductees in the World Wide Web Hall of Fame announced at the first international conference on the World Wide Web.
Tom Preston-Werner
He is best known as the founder and former CEO of GitHub, a Git repository web-based hosting service, which he co-founded in 2008 with Chris Wanstrath and PJ Hyett. He resigned from GitHub in 2014 when an internal investigation concluded that he and his wife harassed an employee. Preston-Werner is also the creator of the avatar service Gravatar.
GitHub
Projects on GitHub can be accessed and manipulated using the standard Git command-line interface and all of the standard Git commands work with it. GitHub also allows registered and non-registered users to browse public repositories on the site. Multiple desktop clients and Git plugins have also been created by GitHub and other third parties that integrate with the platform.
GitHub
The software that runs GitHub was written using Ruby on Rails and Erlang by GitHub, Inc. developers Wanstrath, Hyett, and Preston-Werner.
Git
The development of Git began on 3 April 2005. Torvalds announced the project on 6 April; it became self-hosting as of 7 April. The first merge of multiple branches took place on 18 April. Torvalds achieved his performance goals; on 29 April, the nascent Git was benchmarked recording patches to the Linux kernel tree at the rate of 6.7 patches per second. On 16 June Git managed the kernel 2.6.12 release.
Censorship of GitHub
GitHub is a web-based Git repository hosting service and is primarily used to host the source code of software and facilitate project management. As of November 2015, GitHub reports having over 11.5 million users and over 28.9 million repositories. It offers free accounts, a pastebin service called Gist, and free website hosting under its github.io domain. The GitHub terms of service prohibits illegal use and it reserves the right to remove content at its discretion. Users can fork (copy and individually develop) other projects, which GitHub does not automatically take down when served DMCA takedown notices. GitHub uses HTTPS for its connections, making data more secure against interception from third parties.
Coraline Ada Ehmke
In 2016, she joined GitHub as a senior developer on a team that develops community management and anti-harassment features for the software platform. She was fired approximately a year later, and on July 5, 2017 published an article criticizing Github's culture and the circumstances surrounding her severance. Her story was featured in a 2017 report on hush clauses and non-disparagement agreements published by CNN.
GitHub
GitHub became interested in Oxley's work after Twitter selected a bird that he designed for their own logo. The illustration GitHub chose was a character that Oxley had named Octopuss. Since GitHub wanted Octopuss for their logo (a use that the iStock license disallows), they negotiated with Oxley to buy exclusive rights to the image.
GitHub
GitHub also operates other services: a pastebin-style site called Gist that is for hosting code snippets (GitHub proper is for hosting larger projects).
MyBatis
On November 10, 2013 the project announced the movement to Github.
Sci-Hub
Sci-Hub was created by Alexandra Elbakyan who was born in Kazakhstan in 1988. She earned her undergraduate degree at Kazakh National Technical University studying information technology and became interested in hacking, then worked for a year for a computer security firm in Moscow, then joined a research team in at University of Freiburg in Germany in 2010 that was working on a brain–computer interface. She found the lab dull and became interested in transhumanism. After attending a transhumanism conference in the United States she spent the rest of her visa doing a research internship at Georgia Institute of Technology. She returned to Kazakhstan, and her participation in research sharing forums where scientists asked each other for papers, led her to conceive of a way to automate the process of sharing. The Sci-Hub website was launched on 5 September 2011. As of 2016 she said that she was enrolled in a program to earn a masters degree in the history of science.
Censorship of GitHub
GitHub complied and blocked access to the content within Russia saying that they were working to get reinstated. Citing its terms of service, GitHub elaborated that "you must not, in the use of the Service, violate any laws in your jurisdiction (including but not limited to copyright or trademark laws)." GitHub also created an official repository titled "roskomnadzor" for the purpose of posting takedown notices from the regulator. (It was later moved to "gov-takedowns" after a request from China on June 9, 2016) In the readme of the repository, GitHub states that they are concerned about Internet censorship and believe in transparency to document the potential for chilling effects. They also warn that the presence of a notice is only for documentation and that GitHub does not pass any judgement on their validity.
Gravit
As of some time in 2017, the website is dead, though the GitHub repository remains alive.
Cub Linux
Towards the end of 2016, the Cub Linux website mysteriously disappeared. Their GitHub page is still open. User d4zzy, who was involved in Cub Linux's development had this to say about its sudden end: "Cub was killed due to private life restrictions - that was all and there was no one at the time to pick it up."
GitHub
On December 31, 2014, GitHub was blocked in India (along with 31 other websites) over pro-ISIS content posted by users. On January 10, 2015, GitHub was unblocked.
Gitorious
Gitorious was then acquired by GitLab as of 3 March 2015. GitLab kept gitorious.org online through May 2015 and added an automatic migration function for project to move to GitLab.com which offers both paid and free hosting services and maintains an open source "community" edition for self-hosting.
Game Off
Game Off is an annual game jam celebrating open source created by Lee Reilly in 2012 and sponsored by GitHub. Participants are given the entire month of November to build a game based on a theme–individually or as a team. Inspired by the Global Game Jam, it encourages collaborative game development and promotes the use and sharing of open source software.
CoffeeScript
On December 13, 2009, Jeremy Ashkenas made the first Git commit of CoffeeScript with the comment: "initial commit of the mystery language." The compiler was written in Ruby. On December 24, he made the first tagged and documented release, 0.1.0. On February 21, 2010, he committed version 0.5, which replaced the Ruby compiler with a self-hosting version in pure CoffeeScript. By that time the project had attracted several other contributors on GitHub, and was receiving over 300 page hits per day.
List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft
On June 4, 2018, Microsoft acquired the popular code repository site GitHub for $7.5 billion in Microsoft stock.
Bitbucket
It is similar to GitHub, which primarily uses Git. Bitbucket has traditionally marketed its services to professional developers with private proprietary software code, especially since being acquired by Atlassian in 2010. In September 2016, Bitbucket announced it had reached 5 million developers and 900,000 teams on its platform. Bitbucket has 3 deployment models: Cloud, Bitbucket Server and Data Center.
GitHub
GitHub is mostly used for code.
GitHub
GitHub launched a new program called the GitHub Student Developer Pack to give students free access to popular development tools and services. GitHub partnered with Bitnami, Crowdflower, DigitalOcean, DNSimple, HackHands, Namecheap, Orchestrate, Screenhero, SendGrid, Stripe, Travis CI and Unreal Engine to launch the program.
Ghostery
On March 8, 2018, Ghostery went open source and made its code publicly available on its Github page.
Darktable
Darktable is hosted on Github. All source code and development information can be found there.
Unlicense
The Unlicense is a public domain equivalent license with a focus on an anti-copyright message. It was first published on January 1 (Public Domain Day), 2010. The Unlicense offers a public domain waiver text with a fall-back public-domain-like license, inspired by permissive licenses but without an attribution clause. In 2015, GitHub reported that approximately 102,000 of their 5.1 million licensed projects (2% of licensed projects on GitHub.com) use the Unlicense.
Censorship of GitHub
On December 17, 2014, the Indian Department of Telecom issued an order to ISPs to block 32 websites. The notice was made public on December 31, 2014 and it included GitHub, GitHub's Gist, Vimeo, the Internet Archive, and various pastebin services.
Online food ordering
GrubHub was founded in 2004. By the late 2000s, major pizza chains had created their own mobile applications and started doing 20-30% of their business online.
Splint (programming tool)
Development activity on Splint stopped in 2010. According to the CVS at SourceForge, as of September 2012 the most recent change in the repository was in November 2010. As of June 2018, the git repository at github concurs, showing no changes since November 2010.