When was Greenock, Scotland founded?
Greenock
The coast of Greenock formed a broad bay with three smaller indentations: the Bay of Quick was known as a safe anchorage as far back as 1164. To its east, a sandy bay ran eastwards from the Old Kirk and the West Burn as far as Wester Greenock castle. The fishing village of Greenock developed along this bay, and around 1635 Sir John Schaw had a jetty built into the bay which became known as Sir John's Bay. In that year he obtained a Charter raising Greenock to a Burgh of Barony with rights to a weekly market. Further east, Saint Laurence Bay curved round past the Crawfurd Barony of Easter Greenock to Garvel (or Gravel) Point. When a pier (or dyke) was built making the bay an important harbour, the fishing village of Cartsburn gained the alternative name of Crawfurdsdyke. In 1642 it was made into the Burgh of Barony of Crawfurdsdyke, and part of the ill-fated Darien Scheme set out from this pier in 1697. This town was later renamed Cartsdyke.
Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway
In the 1830s promoters in the west of Scotland considered the potential for railway construction, and in the 1837 Parliamentary session, supporters of two schemes presented bills. One scheme was to build from Glasgow to Greenock, and the other from Glasgow to Ayr with a branch to Kilmarnock. Both wished to start from a Glasgow terminus at Bridge Street, and their proposed course as far as Paisley was almost identical. At the time Parliament was hostile to permitting closely parallel construction, and it became clear that the only way forward was to combine to build and use a shared line as far as Paisley. The Acts for the two schemes received the Royal Assent 15 July 1837, and the new companies were called the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway (GP&GR) and the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway (GPK&AR).
Greenock Telegraph
Originally based in Charles Street, Greenock, the printing works were bombed during the Greenock Blitz in May 1941. However the printers worked on to produce emergency editions, despite sustaining multiple cuts from the shattered glass lodged in the presses.
Greenock and Ayrshire Railway
The Greenock and Ayrshire Railway ran from Greenock, Scotland to Bridge of Weir, connecting there to the Glasgow and South Western Railway and making a through connection between Glasgow and Greenock. It closed progressively between 1959 and 1983.
Easter Greenock Castle
Cartsburn was erected into a barony, and a burgh of barony with the privilege of a weekly market and several fairs, in favour of Thomas Crawfurd of Cartsburn, 1st Baron of Cartsburn by a charter of Charles II dated 16 July 1669. To the south of Crawfordsdyke lay the House of Cartsburn, the principal messuage of that barony and seat of the Crawfords of Cartsburn. The earliest account of Cartsburn is in Hamilton of Wishaw’s "Accompt of the Sheriffdom of Renfrew" published in 1710. He wrote "The town is mostly sub-feud to merchants, seamen, or loading-men, who have built very good houses in it, and it is a very thriving place". "The Scots Magazine" reported in 1809 that "the tower has... fallen, and in the course of a few years the plough will probably pass over the remains". However the Industrial Revolution, rather than the agricultural past, finally finished off the castle. The ruins stood in the path of the railway, and were demolished in the 1830s. The site of the castle's location today is commemorated as Castle Road, now the only indication of Easter Greenock above ground.
History of Scotland
People lived in Scotland for at least 8,500 years before Britain's recorded history. At times during the last interglacial period (130,000–70,000 BC) Europe had a climate warmer than today's, and early humans may have made their way to Scotland, with the possible discovery of pre-Ice Age axes on Orkney and mainland Scotland. Glaciers then scoured their way across most of Britain, and only after the ice retreated did Scotland again become habitable, around 9600 BC. Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer encampments formed the first known settlements, and archaeologists have dated an encampment near Biggar to around 12000 BC. Numerous other sites found around Scotland build up a picture of highly mobile boat-using people making tools from bone, stone and antlers. The oldest house for which there is evidence in Britain is the oval structure of wooden posts found at South Queensferry near the Firth of Forth, dating from the Mesolithic period, about 8240 BC. The earliest stone structures are probably the three hearths found at Jura, dated to about 6000 BC.
Glasgow and South Western Railway
From the outset, Greenock had been served by the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway, allied to the Caledonian Railway. The port developed and carried increasing volumes of goods, and passenger traffic for the Clyde ferries grew considerably. The G&SWR wished to secure a share of this valuable traffic, and the "Bridge of Weir Railway" had been a move in that direction. The friendly Greenock and Ayrshire Railway (G&AR) was heavily supported (£300,000 out of £350,000 share capital) by the G&SWR, and opened its line from Bridge of Weir to Albert Harbour at Greenock, in 1869. This gave a quayside transfer to steamers at Greenock, and a price war with the established CR line broke out, eventually resolved with a traffic sharing agreement: the G&SWR received 42.68% of receipts.
Clune Park
Port Glasgow Athletic moved to Clune Park in 1881, and built a covered stand on the southern side of the pitch and banking around the remainder. The club were founder members of Scottish Football League Division Two in 1893, and the first SFL match was played at Clune Park on 12 August that year, with Port Glasgow Athletic beating Northern 6–1. Greenock Morton were forced to play a home match at Clune Park on 30 December 1905 when their Cappielow Park ground was closed for a month after the referee was attacked following a home defeat to Rangers earlier in the month.
Alan Burns, 4th Baron Inverclyde
Lord Inverclyde died on 17 June 1957, at the age of 59, without issue, the title becoming extinct on his death. The name "Inverclyde" was however resurrected in the early 1970s for the new local authority district centred on Greenock, a creation of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. The local newspaper, the "Greenock Telegraph", said that the name 'would in a way be a tribute to a man whose interest in the area was always constant'. Inverclyde remains as a Scottish council area.
Caledonian Railway
In the mid 1850s the steamer connections on the River Clyde assumed ever increasing importance, and journey transit times from settlements in Argyll and the islands to Glasgow became critical. The inconvenient situation of the Greenock station and pier encouraged thoughts of more convenient routes, and in 1862 the Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway was authorised. It was an independent company intending to provide a fast connection from Rothesay, Bute; it opened on 13 May 1865 and in August 1893 it amalgamated with the Caledonian Railway, having been operated by the Caledonian Railway since its opening.
Glasgow, Oregon
The community was founded by real estate speculators in the 1890s, including Henry L. Pittock, Phil Metschan, and Admiral Schley of the Pacific Coal & Transportation Company. The community did not flourish until 30 years after its founding, when construction of Route 101 made Glasgow the northern terminus of the ferry from North Bend, which was used to cross the bay prior to the completion of the Coos Bay Bridge. The place was supposedly named by a Scot because it reminded him of Glasgow, Scotland, but the authors of "Oregon Geographic Names" were unable to verify this.
Greenock Dockyard Company
The Greenock Dockyard Company was a Scottish shipbuilding and ship repair firm located at Greenock, on the River Clyde.
Greenock (disambiguation)
Greenock can also refer to:
Greenock Academy
The Greenock Academy was opened as a fee paying secondary and primary establishment in September 1855 in "Nelson Street", Greenock. The school lay at this central Greenock location for almost a century of its lifetime before the building was demolished and moved to a modern building in "Madeira Street" of Greenock's west end, on the site of the old Balclutha mansion. The "Nelson Street" site is now occupied by the Finnart Campus of James Watt College.
Scotland, Connecticut
In 1700 Isaac Magoon purchased of land from then Windham and thus began Scotland’s History. He named the town Scotland as a way of commemorating his ancestral home. Scotland was incorporated in May 1857.
Greenock
Greenock reached its population peak in 1921 (81,123) and was once the sixth largest town in Scotland.
Greenock Dockyard Company
The company was established by J E Scott of Greenock, with the yard at Cartsdyke being taken over in 1879 by Russell and Company, of Greenock, which later became Lithgows. The dockyard had been well established when it merged with the Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd to become the Grangemouth and Greenock Dockyard in 1900. The company operated under this name for eight years, becoming the Greenock & Grangemouth Dockyard Co. The Greenock yard was then sold to the operators of the Clan Line in 1918 and in 1920 it was incorporated as the Greenock Dockyard Co Ltd.
Greenock
Robert Burns' lover Mary Campbell (Highland Mary) and her father sailed from Campbeltown to visit her brother in Greenock early in October 1786. Her brother fell ill with typhus, which she caught while nursing him. She died of typhus on 20 or 21 October 1786, and was buried in the Old West Kirk graveyard. In 1842 increasing interest in their romance led to a monument being erected by public subscription to mark the grave. In 1920 when the church site was needed to expand Harland and Wolff's shipyard, the monument was moved to its present site in Greenock Cemetery, with her remains being transferred to a casket and re-interred with due ceremony. The church itself was moved and rebuilt in its current location at the west end of the Esplanade in 1926.
The novelist John Galt, who founded Guelph, Ontario in 1827, lived in the town and based some of his work, most notably "Annals of the Parish" (1821), on Greenock and surrounding towns. He is buried in the Inverkip Street Cemetery. The mother of American comedian and writer Jay Leno, Catherine Muir, was born in Greenock and emigrated to the US as a child. The American actress Julianne Moore is the daughter of the late Anne Love, a former psychiatric social worker who emigrated from Greenock. The Rev William C. Hewitt (minister at Westburn Parish Church in Greenock), Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 2009–2010, is the first serving minister at a church in Greenock to be appointed.
Greenock
The 2011 UK Census showed that Greenock had a population of 44,248, a decrease from the 46,861 recorded in the 2001 UK Census. It lies on the south bank of the Clyde at the "Tail of the Bank" where the River Clyde expands into the Firth of Clyde.
Greenock
In the early 17th century, the first pier was built in Greenock. Shipbuilding was already an important employer by this time. The first proper harbour was constructed in 1710 and the first well-known shipbuilders, Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, was established the following year. It was the oldest shipbuilding business in the world and gained numerous contracts with the Royal Navy from 1806, building ships such as "Glasgow".
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway
The Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway (GP&GR) was an early Scottish railway, opened in 1841, providing train services between Greenock and Glasgow. At the time the River Clyde was not accessible to sea-going ships, and the intention was to compete with river boats that brought goods to and from the city. In fact passenger traffic proved surprisingly buoyant, and connecting steamer services to island resorts in the Firth of Clyde provided a very great source of business.
Greenock
Greenock's main shopping thoroughfare was Hamilton Street, which connected West Blackhall Street in the west to Clyde Square in the east. In 1975 it disappeared along with several other streets as the area was pedestrianised as Hamilton Way. In the 1990s it was refurbished again, and "The Oak Mall" indoor shopping centre (in administration as of 21 November 2013) now forms the central feature of the town, and provides most of the major retail shops in Inverclyde, with approximately 85 units, with main anchor stores including Boots, Argos, The Body Shop, Clarks and New Look store. Marks and Spencer was in its original building (dating from 1936) which was simply built round during the first phase of pedestrianisation until the store moved to a new unit at a new retail park in Port Glasgow In addition, two major supermarkets Tesco and Morrisons are sited near the mall. A retail estate is located nearby, in front of the "Waterfront" swimming pool and leisure centre, and the streets around the mall provide a large number of smaller shops. Small groups of shops in most of the areas of the town provide for day-to-day needs, but most of the specialist shops are in the town centre. The town contains one diplomatic mission, an Italian consulate.
Cartsdyke
Crawfurdsdyke is an historic Burgh of Barony being part of the Barony of Cartsburn. The estate of Cartsburn, also known as Crawfurdsburn, incorporated the lands of Cartsdyke and part of the lands of Easter Greenock Castle. The Barony of Cartsburn is a feudal Barony of Scotland. The seat of the Barony was the House of Cartsburn, built in the 17th century near Greenock, Renfrewshire. While the ancient Burgh was subsumed into Greenock in 1840.
Greenock
Greenock is home to the world's first Burns Club, The Mother Club, which was founded in 1801 by merchants born in Ayrshire, some of whom had known Robert Burns. They held the first Burns Supper on what they thought was his birthday on 29 January 1802, but in 1803 discovered from the Ayr parish records that the correct date was 25 January 1759.
Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway
Rothesay assumed dominance as the resort destination of choice, and many businesspeople in Glasgow kept residences there, travelling weekly to their places of business in the City. Promoters saw that a railway link to Wemyss Bay would be ideal, as the pier they lay directly opposite Rothesay, and on 17 July 1862 they obtained Parliamentary authorisation for the Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway. Their line was to form a junction with the Greenock line a short distance west of Port Glasgow station; it would then climb and run round to the south of Greenock, then following the valley of the Spango Burn to a station on the hillside above Inverkip, then turning south to a pier station at Wemyss Bay. Lands were acquired speculatively at Upper Greenock for industrial development.
Greenock (UK Parliament constituency)
The boundaries of the constituency, as set out in the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1832, were-
Greenock, South Australia
The town was named by James Smith, the secretary of George Fife Angas, after Greenock on the River Clyde in Scotland and is sometimes called "Little Scotland in the Barossa Valley". The town is also located on the famous Heysen Trail.
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway
In 1841 the Greenock station in Cathcart Street had seemed perfect, but as the Clyde steamer trade developed, its location had become a disadvantage; relations with the Wemyss Bay company were often difficult. The Caledonian Railway had purchased land at Gourock in 1869. It was only 3 miles (5 km) from Greenock by land but considerably more convenient for shipping; the Caledonian had ideas of making a transatlantic ocean terminal at Gourock and in 1878 attempted to get Parliamentary approval, but this was rejected.
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway
The independent Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway opened on 15 May 1865; it was absorbed by the Caledonian Railway on 27 July 1893.
Greenock and Port Glasgow (UK Parliament constituency)
1974-1983: The burghs of Greenock and Port Glasgow.
Greenock rail accident
On 25 June 1994, the 22:45 from Wemyss Bay to Glasgow, in Scotland, derailed and smashed into a bridge after hitting concrete blocks placed deliberately on the railway by vandals outside of where Drumfrochar railway station would be opened 4 years later.
Greenock
Greenock Morton F.C. are the local senior football team who currently play in the Scottish Championship. Founded in 1874 as Morton F.C., they play their home matches at Cappielow. At lower levels of the game, Greenock Juniors F.C. play in the West of Scotland Football League.
Greenock Telegraph
The Greenock Telegraph is a local daily newspaper serving Inverclyde (the council area containing the towns of Gourock, Greenock and Port Glasgow), Scotland.
St Enoch railway station
St Enoch station was a mainline railway station in the city of Glasgow, Scotland between 1876 and 1966. It was demolished in 1977.
The hotel was the first building in Glasgow to be fitted out with electric lighting.
Located on St Enoch Square in the city centre, it was opened by the City of Glasgow Union Railway in 1876. The first passenger train stopped there on 1 May 1876 and the official opening took place on 17 October 1876.
Gourock railway station
Gourock railway station is a terminus of the Inverclyde Line, located at Gourock pierhead, Scotland, and serving the town as well as the ferry services it was originally built for. The Caledonian Railway found that their service to Greenock Central station, which was an inconvenient walk away from the quay, was losing Clyde steamer trade to the new Glasgow and South Western Railway terminal at "Prince's Pier" in Greenock. The Caley extended their line through a new tunnel to the small fishing village of Gourock, with the railway running on the seaward side of "Shore Street" to the terminal which opened on 1 June 1889 and subsequently based the headquarters of their steamer fleet there. The terminal is now the headquarters of Caledonian MacBrayne who used to run a car ferry to Dunoon from the pier, a service which is now provided by Argyll Ferries on a passenger only basis, and it also serves "Clyde Marine" passenger ferries to Kilcreggan and Helensburgh.
Greenock
The engineer James Watt is the most renowned Greenockian. He is remembered in several placenames in the town, in the library instituted in his memory, and by the original Watt Memorial School (later College) building on the site of his birthplace in William Street, which incorporates a commemorative statue. The Finnart Campus of the local college was until 2014 known as the James Watt College. Wetherspoons opened the James Watt pub after the building was converted its previous use as the General Post Office.
Treaty of Greenwich
The Treaty of Greenwich (also known as the Treaties of Greenwich) contained two agreements both signed on 1 July 1543 in Greenwich between representatives of England and Scotland. The accord, overall, entailed a plan developed by Henry VIII of England to unite both kingdoms (i.e. Union of the Crowns). The first sub-treaty helped to establish peace between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland. The second sub-treaty was a marriage proposal between Edward VI of England and Mary, Queen of Scots. In this part of the treaty, it was agreed that Mary would be accompanied by an English nobleman/gentleman (and his wife) until she was ten years old. Afterwards, Mary would reside in England until the time of her marriage. Also, the Treaty of Greenwich permitted the Kingdom of Scotland to maintain its laws. Even though the Earl of Arran signed the accord on 1 July and ratified it on 25 August 1543, the Treaty of Greenwich was ultimately rejected by the Parliament of Scotland on 11 December 1543, leading to eight years of Anglo-Scottish conflict known as the Rough Wooing.
Greenock (disambiguation)
Greenock is a town in Inverclyde, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Greenock and Port Glasgow (UK Parliament constituency)
Prior to the February 1974 election, the county had been covered by East Renfrewshire, West Renfrewshire, Greenock, and Paisley, with the Greenock constituency covering the burgh of Greenock, and the burgh of Port Glasgow within the West Renfrewshire constituency.
Wellington Academy
Wellington Academy was a secondary school at Dempster Street in Greenock, Scotland serving the Eastern and Central areas of the town. In 2007 it merged with Greenock High School to form Inverclyde Academy.
Greenock Princes Pier railway station
Greenock Princes Pier was a railway station serving Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland, originally as part of the Greenock and Ayrshire Railway.
Cappielow
Cappielow Park, commonly known as Cappielow, is a football stadium in Greenock, Inverclyde, Scotland. It is the home ground of Scottish Professional Football League club Greenock Morton, who have played there since 1879. It has a capacity of 11,589, including 5,741 seats. The ground was formerly also shared by Clydebank F.C. between 1999 and 2002. Cappielow has staged one full international match, Scotland against Wales in 1902.
Sir John Shaw, 3rd Baronet
Shaw's various family properties at Greenock, Renfrewshire, Sauchie, Clackmannanshire; and Carnock Stirlingshire gave him several options for a parliamentary seat at the 1708 general election, and he chose to stand for Renfrewshire. He was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament for Renfrewshire. He and his fellow citizens raised their own funds to build Greenock Harbour, and the work was completed in 1710, with quays extended out into Sir John's Bay to enclose the harbour. Shaw did not stand at the 1710 and 1713 general elections, but he continued fight for better regulation of customs in western Scotland.
Greenock Central railway station
When the railway merged with the Caledonian Railway on 9 July 1847, Greenock Cathcart was the main access to the coast. However, in 1869 their dominance of this traffic ended when the Glasgow and South Western Railway opened its station on the waterfront at Princes Pier, Greenock. Greenock's growth had led to increasing overcrowding of tenement houses, and passengers were glad to avoid the walk through these streets. Attempts by the Caledonian to extend their railway to Gourock had met with difficulties in getting through a built up area, but now, spurred by competition, they gained Parliamentary approval in 1884. The route took the railway in a tunnel from the station under the town's Well Park (which provides a level area atop a high rocky crag), then in further cuttings and tunnels westwards through the hillside clear of the expensive properties on the coast. After three years in construction the Gourock Extension Railway opened on 1 June 1889.
Greenock
Greenock is one of the settings for Alan Sharp's 1965 novel "A Green Tree in Gedde". It is fictionalised as 'Gantock' by Robin Jenkins in his 1979 novel "Fergus Lamont" (The Gantocks are a rocky shoal in the Firth of Clyde nearby, just off Dunoon). Alasdair Gray's 1984 novel "1982, Janine" is set in a Greenock hotel room. Matthew Fitt's cyberpunk novel "But'n'Ben A-Go-Go" features a submerged Greenock after the effects of global warming. Greenock has featured in the poetry of W.S. Graham (evoking his childhood) and Douglas Dunn.
Jimmy Greenock
James Greenock (5 April 1930 – April 2005) was a former Scottish professional footballer who played as a left half for Queen of the South. 
Greenock was born in Motherwell and was originally a Motherwell supporter. Greenock was keen to play for them, however despite two trials and scoring for them he failed to earn a contract as he wasn’t home when they tried to contact him.
Greenock
Sugar refining began in Greenock in 1765. John Walker began a sugar refinery in Greenock in 1850 followed by the prominent local cooper and shipowner Abram Lyle who, with four partners, purchased the "Glebe Sugar Refinery" in 1865. Another 12 refineries were active at one point. The most successful of these was Tate & Lyle. It was formed from a merger in 1921 between Abram Lyle, who had expanded into Plaistow, and Henry Tate, who had set up a sugar refinery in Liverpool and had expanded into London.
The James Watt Dock, opened in 1886, provided shipping and shipbuilding facilities including a large warehouse (known as the Sugar Shed) which was used for both imported raw sugar, and refined sugar ready for delivery.
By the end of the 19th century, around 400 ships a year were transporting sugar from Caribbean holdings to Greenock for processing. There were 14 sugar refineries, including The Westburn, Walkers, The Glebe, Lochore and Ferguson and Dempster, plus a sugar beet factory on Ingleston Street. Tobacco from the Americas also arrived here.
Greenock Central railway station
The station was opened by the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway on 31 March 1841 as the terminus of its line from Bridge Street railway station, which had a shared section between Glasgow, and Paisley Gilmour Street being run by the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway. Greenock was already a major seaport and a branch near the station provided a goods service, but it was the passenger service which proved a major success. Clyde steamers took a couple of hours to get from Glasgow down the River Clyde as far as Greenock, and now for the first time a railway took only an hour to get to the coast. The terminus with its short driveway sloping down to Cathcart Street was around 300 yards (280 m) from Custom House Quay, Greenock, where steamers took wealthy commuters in summer to their villas around the shores of the Firth of Clyde as well as huge numbers of holidaymakers visiting resorts down the firth at "trades holidays", particularly the annual Glasgow Fair.
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway
Greenock itself grew in importance; it had a harbour in 1710, and became a focus for international trade, and the town developed numerous industries, including shipbuilding, metal working, sugar refining and hat making.
Greenock
Greenock is Scotland's best served town in terms of railway stations. It boasts eight: Bogston, Cartsdyke, Greenock Central, Greenock West, Fort Matilda, Whinhill, Drumfrochar and Branchton. Only Glasgow has a much greater number of stations and Edinburgh possesses only one more. Greenock has the longest bored railway tunnel in Scotland at in length. Located directly under Newton Street in the town, the tunnel allowed for the extension of the railway to Gourock.
St John the Evangelist's Church, Greenock
The original church on the site dated from 1824, and by the 1870s it had been decided to replace it with a larger church. A competition was held for its design, but this did not result in a satisfactory outcome. The perpetual curate of the church, Revd Julius Lloyd, recommended the Lancaster architects Paley and Austin, who were given the commission to design the church. It is the only church in Scotland designed by this practice. Building started in 1877 and the church was consecrated on 28 November 1878. It cost a little over £7,000 (). Sir Michael Shaw-Stewart gave £1,500 towards its cost, and land to allow enlargement of the original site. In 1890 the successors in the Lancaster practice, Paley, Austin and Paley, designed stalls for the church, and in about 1897–98 the firm (then known as Austin and Paley) were asked to design an additional vestry.
Cartsburn
The barony of Cartsburn in the Baronage of Scotland was created for Thomas Crawfurd of Cartsburn in 1669, when the lands of Cartsburn in the Parish of Easter Greenock in the Shire of Renfrew were erected "in liberam baroniam", as a free Barony held of the Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. The estate of Cartsburn, also known as Crawfurdsburn, incorporated the lands of Cartsdyke and part of the lands of Easter Greenock Castle. The Barony of Cartsburn is a feudal Barony of Scotland. The seat of the Barony was the House of Cartsburn, built in the 17th century near Greenock, Renfrewshire.
Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
From the earliest days, members of the organisation travelled throughout the West of Scotland, addressing meetings and facilitating the setting up of branches of the organisation, in places such as Greenock, Motherwell and Kilmacolm, the latter in cooperation with the Kilmacolm Women's Liberal Association. They also took their campaign with them as they travelled doon the watter to the Clyde coastal resorts, such as Helensburgh, Troon, Saltcoats, Dunoon and Rothesay. A branch of the association was established in Greenock, in 1904.
Old West Kirk
The Scottish Reformation of 1560 closed the Greenock chapels, and the parish church was set up around distant at Inverkip, a return journey of over difficult terrain. An early Church Commission later cited authorities including "Johne Craufurd of Kilburnie Johne Schawe of Greenok" and "Patrick Rae in Chapeltone" to support their assessment (in Scots miles) of the distance as "four large myles vith dyveris great burnes and watteris in the way quhill in the vinter sessone are vnpassable and the number of people many."
Greenock Arts Guild
The Main Auditorium which opened in 1955 was converted from the swimming pool itself, with the slope of the pool floor forming raked stalls giving good sightlines to the stage built at the pool's deep end. A live television broadcast from this theatre in 1956 made The Greenock Players (which had formed in 1943) the first amateur dramatic company in Scotland to be televised. The Arts Guild Theatre complex developed as an arts centre and community theatre, with performances from both amateur and professional theatre companies. A scenery store and two additional meeting rooms were added in the 1960s, and in the 1980s the Wallace Bennett Theatre was adapted to become a flexible studio space.
Greenock
However, with manufacturing moving to Eastern Europe and Asia, work has shifted to the service sector, especially call centres. EE and IBM both have major call centre operations in Greenock, while the Royal Bank of Scotland Mortgage Centre processes Mortgage applications from throughout the UK & Ireland.
Caledonian Railway
In 1889 the Caledonian itself opened an extension line from Greenock to Gourock, more conveniently situated than Greenock; this involved the expensive construction of Newton Street Tunnel, the longest in Scotland.
Easter Greenock Castle
Easter Greenock Castle was a castle of unknown design near the burgh of Greenock, Scotland.
Greenock stowaways
The populace of Greenock was angry, and stayed angry until the return of the Arran on Thursday, 30 July 1868 when news spread of its arrival in the Clyde: A hostile reception awaited the ship and after she moored, some local men managed to board her. The officers may only have escaped a lynching by locking themselves in the captain's cabin and defending themselves with their pistols. The harbourmaster, one Captain Millar, reported the riot to the police, who arrived under the command of a Lieutenant Burrell. The police were unable to disperse the crowd until nearly midnight. The next day, Watt and Kerr were transported to the courthouse in a taxi, which was followed by a still-angry crowd, who were "hooting, yelling and pelting the vehicle with stones." They were charged before the Sheriff with "cruelly and maliciously compelling one or more of her Majesty's lieges to leave a ship"; bail was refused. At this point. says Roughead, it was not yet known in Scotland that two further children had died since being put ashore.
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway
Adjacent to the Cathcart Street station, the old Wester Greenock castle and Mansion House were demolished before taking a tunnel under their grounds in Well Park. The line then runs in deep cuttings to Greenock West where it enters the tunnel under Newton Street: when the street turns uphill becoming Lyle Road, the tunnel curves behind the Mariners Home to emerge near Fort Matilda station. Spoil from the tunnel and cuttings was used for landfill out from Gourock's Shore Street to the long new steamboat wharf which extended along the bay, beside the station. The extension opened on 1 June 1889, with the first train departing at 05:25 and the first arrival from Glasgow at 07:20.
Greenock
Greenock anecdotally has the reputation for having higher than average rainfall (the song "The Green Oak Tree" comments on this) but this is not statistically true; northwest of Fort William has the highest average rainfall in Scotland. Greenock's location gives long hours of daylight in midsummer with the opposite true in midwinter. On the longest day, 21 June, the sun rises at 04:31 and sets at 22:07. In midwinter, 21 December, the sun rises at 08:46 and sets at 15:44.
1955 Greenock by-election
The Greenock by-election, 1955 was a parliamentary by-election held on 8 December 1955 for the British House of Commons constituency of Greenock in Renfrewshire, Scotland.
Greenland
In prehistoric times, Greenland was home to several successive Paleo-Eskimo cultures known today primarily through archaeological finds. The earliest entry of the Paleo-Eskimo into Greenland is thought to have occurred about 2500 BC. From around 2500 BC to 800 BC, southern and western Greenland were inhabited by the Saqqaq culture. Most finds of Saqqaq-period archaeological remains have been around Disko Bay, including the site of Saqqaq, after which the culture is named.
St Mungo's Parish Church
The church is named after Saint Mungo (also known as Saint Kentigern), patron saint and founder of the city of Glasgow. It belongs to the Church of Scotland Presbytery of Stirling and serves the parish of Alloa. A chapel dedicated to St Mungo is thought to have been erected during the fourteenth or fifteenth-century, which became dependent upon the Parish of Tullibody. Alloa had grown into a parish in its own right by 1600 when the Act of Assembly united the two parishes. In 1680, the original chapel was rebuilt and enlarged. The current church replaces the old parish church from the seventeenth-century which had been deemed much too small for the congregation for over seventy years and was declared ruinous and unsafe in August 1815. The condition of the old church was so bad that services were often being held in the open air rather than risking injury to the congregation The decision was finally made to abandon the old building and find a site for a new parish church. The Erskine family donated land at Bedford Place and work on the new St Mungo's church began in 1817. The church congregation temporarily worshipped in the Tabernacle until the completion in 1819 of the new church. Since land was judged at the time to have too great a value to the living to be set aside for the dead, no graveyard was planned or added to the new church. The more elaborate scale and design of the new building was intended to reflect the increased size and prosperity of the nineteenth-century congregation. The church was one of the largest in Scotland at the time it was built.
Easter Greenock Castle
A charter of confirmation, dated 29 June 1663, in favour of Margaret Crawford of the lands and barony of Kilbirnie (granted by her father Sir John Crawford of Kilbirnie in 1662) including the 40 shilling land of the old extent of Cartsburn with buildings and fishings and free entry to and exit from the moor and marsh of Greenock, with the mill lands of Greenock in the barony of the same. Under this document Margaret and her heirs could sell and dispose of the lands of Easter Greenock and Cartsburn. In 1669, Margaret Crawford, by now Lady Kilbirnie, with the consent of her husband sold the lands of Easter Greenock to Sir John Schaw of Wester Greenock to whom was granted in 1670 a Crown Charter containing a clause by which Easter and Wester Greenock were to be united into a single barony, later called the Burgh of the Barony of Greenock. However, the disposition reserved the right to Cartsburn, which Lady Kilburnie afterwards conveyed to her cousin Thomas Crawfurd of Cartsburn, second son of Cornelius Crawford of Jordanhill, later the first Baron. The writs of the Forty-shilling lands of Cartsburn dating between 1628 and 1656, which were sold by Margaret Crawford, Lady Kilbirney, and her husband Mr Patrick Lindsay to Thomas Crawford of Cartsburn in 1678, are still extant and can be consulted in the National Archives of Scotland in Edinburgh. The place name Cartsdyke may be derived from Crawford’s Dyke, which was named after John Crawford of Easter Greenock who built a quay wall or dyke at Greenock in the middle of the sixteenth century.
Greenock, Pennsylvania
Greenock is a census-designated place (CDP) in Elizabeth Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States.
Glasgow, Montana
Glasgow was founded in 1887 as a railroad town by James Hill, who was responsible for creating many communities along the Hi-Line. He and a local railroader named the town when they spun a globe and their finger landed on Glasgow, Scotland. Glasgow grew during the 1930s when President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized the construction of the Fort Peck Dam, which became a major source of employment for the Glasgow area.
1941 Greenock by-election
Greenock is a town in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. The seat become vacant when the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Gibson resigned to take up the post of Chairman of the Scottish Land Court. Gibson had held the seat since a by-election in 1936.
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway
The Greenock station was not alongside the steamer berths and as the trade developed, this became a significant disadvantage. The independent Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway built a branch line to a pier at Wemyss Bay, giving much closer access to Rothesay, and in 1889 the Greenock line itself was extended to Gourock. The work involved the building of Newton Street Tunnel, the longest railway tunnel in Scotland.
Economy of Scotland in the early modern period
The major change in international trade was the rapid expansion of the Americas as a market. Glasgow supplied the colonies with cloth, iron farming implements and tools, glass and leather goods. Initially relying on hired ships, by 1736 it had 67 of its own, a third of which were trading with the New World. Glasgow emerged as the focus of the tobacco trade, re-exporting particularly to France. The merchants dealing in this lucrative business became the wealthy tobacco lords, who dominated the city for most of the century. Other burghs also benefited. Greenock enlarged its port in 1710 and sent its first ship to the Americas in 1719, but was soon playing a major part in importing sugar and rum.
Greenock
When Tate and Lyle finally closed its Greenock refinery in 1997 it brought to an end the town's 150-year-old connections with sugar manufacture. A newly built sugar warehouse continued shipping operations at Greenock's "Ocean Terminal". The former sugar warehouse at the James Watt Dock was by then scheduled as a category A listed building as a fine example of early industrial architecture, with an unusual feature of a colonnade of cast iron columns forming a sheltered unloading area next to the quayside. This building has since lain empty, with various schemes being proposed for conversion and restoration. The photographs show the building still intact in February 2006, but a fire on the evening of 12 June 2006 caused severe damage to much of the building before being brought under control in the early hours of 13 June. The local council confirmed that parts of the building will have to be taken down to ensure public safety, but promised an investigation and emphasised the importance of this world heritage building.
Glasgow and South Western Railway
In the 1960s consideration was given to rationalising the railway facilities in Glasgow, and it was decided to concentrate the south-facing passenger services on Glasgow Central station, closing St Enoch. The closure took place in 1966, and for some time the trainshed was used principally as a car park; the roof was demolished in 1975. The site was redeveloped as the St Enoch Centre, which was opened in May 1989.
The Greenock line was shortened to operate only between Elderslie and Kilmacolm in 1966. In 1971 the Princes Pier stub was connected to the Wemyss Bay line at Cartsburn Junction in order to serve the Clyde Port Authority container terminal.
John Menzies
The retail business expanded throughout Scotland, with High Street and station bookstalls opening in every part of the mainland. In 1941, its branch in Greenock was destroyed outright in the Greenock Blitz. It would be over thirty years before it reopened a branch in the town. In 1973, John Menzies opened its flagship branch on Princes Street.
Greenock Juniors F.C.
Greenock Juniors Football Club are a Scottish football club based in Greenock, Inverclyde. They compete in Central League Division One of the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region and play home matches at Ravenscraig Stadium, on Auchmead Road - a five-minute walk from Branchton railway station. The club were recently decanted as the venue was upgraded in preparation for the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
Greenock stowaways
The Greenock (sometimes Arran) stowaways of 1868 were six boys and one young adult man stowed away on a cargo ship bound for Quebec in April 1868. They were discovered by the crew and treated by the officers with what was—even in the context of contemporary maritime life— exceptional violence.
Old West Kirk
In 1592 the Parliament of Scotland passed an act "For appreving of the kirk biggit be Johnne Schaw of Grenok", making it the first presbyterian church confirmed by the parliament. The Act reiterated the original charter. Another act of parliament in 1594 disjoined Schaw's lands of Greenock, Finnart, and Spangock from Inverkip, and assigned them to the new parish of Greenock, but it was not until 1636 that the lords commissioners for the plantation of churches decreed that the parish should also cover Easter Greenock and various other lands, with Shaw of Greenock as the patron of the enlarged parish. Johnne Schawe died in 1593, he may have been buried under the east aisle.
Greenock
Greenock Shipbuilders included: Scotts, Browns, William Lithgows, Fergusons, Head the Boat Builder (lifeboats). Other marine engineering related companies included engine-makers – Kincaids, Scotts, Rankin and Blackmore (which included the Eagle Foundry) – ship repair (Lamonts) and Hasties for steering gear. Yacht builders included Adams and McLean (at Cardwell Bay). Other yards included Cartsburn, Cartsdyke, and Klondyke – all of which closed during the 1970s and 1980s due to competition from South Korea and Japan.
Arriva Scotland West
The main competitor in Greenock, Ashton Coaches, was purchased along with 62 buses in July 1997. The Greenock operations were re-branded GMS Greenock Motor Services, using Ashton's white, green and gold livery, in order to more effectively combat the plethora of small operators in the town. Long established independent operator McGill's Bus Services of Barrhead was also purchased in the same month, and initially continued to operate under its own identity. A stake was also taken in Dart Buses of Paisley, another competitor, though this operator would soon go out of business.
Greenfield, Flintshire
Greenfield's oldest building is Basingwerk Abbey, founded circa 1132 by Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester. It was an important monastic centre in north Wales; both Llywelyn ap Iorwerth and Dafydd ap Llywelyn were patrons. In 1536, abbey life came to an end with the Dissolution of the Monasteries. In ruins since the time of Oliver Cromwell, it is in the care of Cadw (Welsh Heritage). The ruins are now part of Greenfield Valley Heritage Park, with the adjacent grounds home to an agricultural museum. Many of the museum's buildings were moved stone by stone from the surrounding area, including an old school house.
Gairdoch F.C.
Gairdoch Football Club was a Scottish association football club based in the village of Carronshore, Stirlingshire. The club was founded in 1886 and disbanded in 1896. The club competed in the Scottish Cup for three seasons between 1888 and 1890 as well as the regional Stirlingshire Cup competition. The club's home colours were black and white striped shirts with white shorts until 1889 when they changed to blue shirts with dark shorts.
Greenock and Inverclyde (UK Parliament constituency)
The unusual choice of name (since the town of Greenock is in Inverclyde) reflects the fact that the constituency was created from parts of two predecessor constituencies, Greenock and Port Glasgow and Renfrew West and Inverclyde.
Greenock
The Scottish Reformation of 1560 closed the chapels in the parish, and as the parish church was some distant at Inverkip over a difficult route which was impassable in winter, in 1589 John Schaw obtained a charter from King James VI to build a kirk for the "poor people upon his lands who were all fishers and of a reasonable number". Later known as the Old Kirk or the Old West Kirk, it was constructed on the west bank of the West Burn estuary and is reputed to have been the first Protestant church built in Scotland after the Reformation.
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway
The year 1865 saw a more ominous development, when the Greenock and Ayrshire Railway (G&AR) was authorised. It was to join with the Glasgow and South Western Railway and would form a directly competing line for Glasgow to Greenock traffic. The Greenock and Ayrshire line opened to passenger traffic on 23 December 1869, after several weeks running goods trains only. Its Greenock terminus was at Albert Harbour, and the trains ran directly to the berths. Immediately aggressive price competition started, resulting in impossibly cheap fares. The G&AR had an advantage in throughout journey times to Firth of Clyde destinations, and abstracted a large share of the business from the Caledonian. At that time both the Caledonian trains and the G&SWR trains were using Bridge Street station in Glasgow; that station became very congested.
1941 Greenock by-election
The Greenock by-election, 1941 was a parliamentary by-election held on 10 July 1941 for the British House of Commons constituency of Greenock in Renfrewshire, Scotland. Hector McNeil was elected unopposed to succeed Robert Gibson.
Cartsburn
The Barony of Cartsburn in the Baronage of Scotland was created for Thomas Crawfurd of Cartsburn in 1669, when the lands of Cartsburn in the Parish of Easter Greenock in the Shire of Renfrew were erected "in liberam baronium", as a free Barony held of the Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. The estate of Cartsburn, also known as Crawfurdsburn, incorporated the lands of Cartsdyke and part of the lands of Easter Greenock Castle. The Barony of Cartsburn is a feudal Barony of Scotland. The seat of the Barony was the House of Cartsburn, built in the 17th century near Greenock, Renfrewshire.
Greenock
Greenock thrived in the post-war years but as the heavy industries declined in the 1970s and 1980s unemployment became a major problem, and it has only been in the last ten years with reinvestment and the redevelopment of large sections of the town that the local economy has started to revive. Tourism has appeared as an unexpected bonus with the development of the Clydeport Container Terminal as an Ocean Terminal for cruise ships crossing the Atlantic. Students who do not travel further afield for study often attend the Greenock campus of West College (formerly known as James Watt College of Further and Higher Education).
Greenock
The 1974 BBC Scotland adaptation of the "Para Handy" novels, entitled "The Vital Spark", was filmed in Greenock. In 2012, Greenock became the setting for the BBC television drama "Waterloo Road", after the series was relocated from Rochdale, Greater Manchester. The series was shot at Greenock Academy, a former secondary school in the west of the town.
Greenock Juniors F.C.
In season 1959–60 Greenock made their only appearance in the final of the Scottish Junior Cup. They were beaten 3–1 by St Andrews United at Hampden Park, Glasgow in front of a crowd of 34,603. Their quarter-final tie against Johnstone Burgh earlier in the competition attracted a record attendance of 8,000 to Ravenscraig Stadium.
Nanok East Greenland Fishing Company
A cultural organization with the objective of propagating knowledge about Northeast Greenland was founded in 1992 under the same name.
Nanok was founded in 1929 by Johannes Gerhardt Jennov (1886-1980) with the aim to exploit natural resources in remote Northeast Greenland. It replaced the East Greenland Company "(A/S Østgrønlandsk Kompagni)" that had been founded in 1919. 
Right after its foundation in 1929 Nanok took over the Danish hunting stations that had been established by the former company.
Nanok also built a number of additional hunting huts in the uninhabited expanses of NE Greenland and cooperated with Sirius Dog Sled Patrol, the other organization active in the desolate area. 
Although the initial emphasis was laid on fisheries, in practice the company became mostly active in the hunting and trade of arctic foxes for there was a big demand for their valuable fur at the time.
Greenock
A church which became known as the Old West Kirk had been established in Greenock in 1591 under the patronage of John Schaw, the first built in Scotland since the Reformation. It was extended over the years, at an early stage the Schaw aisle provided pews for the Laird of the Barony, built as a gallery to the east of the nave of the church. Opposite it, above the front entrance, is the Crawfurdsburn or Choir Gallery. At the south end of the nave, the Sailor's Loft gallery was built in 1698, and features a 19th-century model frigate, which replaced earlier models. At the north end, the Farmer's Gallery is above the main seating area. A tower was added in the mid 19th century.
Giffnock
The growth of Giffnock was furthered in 1905 by the arrival of the first Glasgow Corporation Tramways tram in the town. The addition of this tram link and the nearby Whitecraigs railway station helped the popularity of Giffnock as a weekend destination and lead to the opening of Rouken Glen park in 1906 by Archibald Corbett (later Lord Rowallan), the M.P. for Tradeston. The Giffnock tramline was one of Glasgow Corporation Tramways's most profitable routes; up to 15,000 travelled to Giffnock on a Sunday to visit Rouken Glen.
Greenock
The name of the town has had various spellings over time. It was printed in early Acts of Parliament as "Grinok", "Greenhok", "Grinock", "Greenhoke", "Greinnock", and later as "Greinok". Old Presbyterial records used "Grenok", a common spelling until it was changed to Greenock around 1700. The spelling "Greenoak" was found in two factory accounts dating back to 1717, and a legend developed of a green oak tree at the edge of the Clyde at William Street being used by fishermen to tie up their boats. This has been generally dismissed as imaginative folk etymology, but the image has frequently been used as an emblem or logo, carved on public buildings, used on banners and badges, and was once emblazoned on the local Co-operative Society emblem. The town's modern indoor shopping centre is called "The Oak Mall" and uses a green tree as its logo. The name is also recalled in a local song ("The Green Oak Tree"). Significantly, no green oak appears on the town's coat of arms which features the three chalices of the Shaw Stewarts, a sailing ship in full sail and two herring above the motto "God Speed Greenock". Anecdotal evidence suggests that there was a 'Green Oak Tree', situated in Cathcart Square, at the top end of William Street, close to the Oak Mall – indeed, a horseshoe set into the cobblestones, between the 'Mid-Kirk' church and the central feature of the square, was where it once, supposedly, grew.
Greenock Telegraph
Founded in 1857, it was the first halfpenny daily newspaper in Britain. It was for a time Greenock Telegraph and Clyde Shipping Gazette, owing to the massive amount of maritime traffic moving in and out of Greenock's harbours. This information is still published, but only as a column entry.
West College Scotland
The college was created on 1 August 2013 from James Watt College in Greenock, Reid Kerr College in Paisley and Clydebank College in Clydebank. The former colleges became the Greenock, Paisley and Clydebank Campuses respectively.
Greenwich, Connecticut
The town of Greenwich was settled in 1640. One of the founders was Elizabeth Fones Winthrop, daughter-in-law of John Winthrop, founder and Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. What is now called Greenwich Point was known for much of the area's early history as "Elizabeth's Neck" in recognition of Elizabeth Fones and their 1640 purchase of the Point and much of the area now known as Old Greenwich. Greenwich was declared a township by the General Assembly in Hartford on May 11, 1665.
Greenock Wanderers RFC
Greenock Wanderers Rugby Football Club is one of the oldest clubs in Scotland. It was formed in 1873, the same year in which Napoleon III of France abdicated, David Livingstone died in Africa and the American Civil War was still uppermost in people's minds.
Greenock and Port Glasgow (UK Parliament constituency)
In 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, counties and burghs throughout Scotland had been abolished in favour of regions and districts and islands council areas. Therefore, in 1975, the constituency of Greenock and Port Glasgow had become effectively a constituency within the Inverclyde district of the Strathclyde region. For the 1983 general election new constituency boundaries were drawn, taking account of new local government boundaries.
Glasgow Works
St Rollox Locomotive Works and St Rollox Carriage & Wagon Works were built in 1856 in Springburn, an area in the north-east of Glasgow, Scotland, for the Caledonian Railway, which had moved away from its works at Greenock. The new works was built on the site of the station of the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway (which the Caledonian had absorbed) near to the chemical works of Charles Tennant. It was named after the nearby parish church of St Roche.
Greenock stowaways
Greenock, on Scotland's west coast, about 27 miles west of Glasgow, was a mid-sized fishing-town in the late-nineteenth century.
The "Arran" was a mid-sized, three-masted, bulk-cargo sail ship of 1063 tons, owned by Ferguson and Hendry of Greenock.
Green Ukraine
During this period only a small number of settlers settled in the region consisting of some 14,000 Cossacks and 2,500 Russian soldiers. In 1861 two oblasts were established, the Primorsky and Amur. Vladivostok was founded in 1860, Khabarovsk in 1858.
Giffnock
Giffnock (; ; , ) is an affluent suburban area in East Renfrewshire set in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It lies east of Barrhead, east-southeast of Paisley and northwest of East Kilbride, at the southwest of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Giffnock is mentioned in documents as early as the seventeenth century as a scattered agricultural settlement. In the late eighteenth century, Archibald Montgomerie, the Earl of Eglinton, was forced to partition the land into a number of smaller properties.