When was Sun Yat-sen born?
Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen (; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was the founding father of the Republic of China. The provisional first president of the Republic of China, Sun was a Chinese medical doctor, writer, philosopher, Georgist, calligrapher, and revolutionary. As the foremost pioneer and first leader of a Republican China, Sun is referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China (ROC) and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty (the last imperial dynasty of China) during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China), serving as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and he remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum
After the Government completed the purchase in 2004, efforts began immediately to convert the 92-year-old historic mansion into a museum honoring Chinese revolutionary figure Dr Sun Yat-Sen. The converted museum was officially opened on 12 December 2006.
Surya Sen
Surya Sen (Bengali: সূর্য সেন, Surjo Sen) (22 March 189412 January 1934) was a revolutionary who was influential in the Indian independence movement against British rule in India and is noted for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid in Chittagong in British India (now in Bangladesh). Sen was a school teacher by profession and was popularly called as Master Da ("da" is a honorific suffix in Bengali language). He was influenced by the nationalist ideals in 1916 while he was a student of B.A. in Behrampore College. In 1918 he was selected as president of Indian National Congress, Chittagong branch. He was known for his brilliant actions and effort in Indian history by taking young teenagers and turning them into revolutionaries against the British stationed in Chittagong with this bold step of recruiting in teenagers then fought against the British Cantonment and in the mountainous regions of Chittagong like Jalalabad hills, but then separated and went their separate ways still trying to get the British out of Chittagong, various attempts were successful in the beginning but many failed as well and many revolutionaries were arrested which broke movement.
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall station (Guangzhou Metro)
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station () is a station on Line 2 of the Guangzhou Metro that started operations on 29December 2002. It is located under Dongfeng Middle Road () and Lianxin Road () in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou. The station is named for the Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall, which was established in 1931 in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, the founder of the Republic of China. The English name of the station is the same as that of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station in Taipei, Taiwan's Metro system.
Names of Sun Yat-sen
Sun's original name () was Sun Wen ). This is also referred to as his big name (). Colloquially, the "big name" () is also known as the school name, whereas the "milk name" is known as the "small name" ().
Sun Yun-suan
Sun Yun-suan (; 10 November 1913 – 15 February 2006) was a Chinese engineer and politician. As minister of economic affairs from 1969 to 1978 and Premier of the Republic of China from 1978 to 1984, he was credited for overseeing the transformation of Taiwan from being a mainly agricultural economy to an export powerhouse.
Sun Yat Sen Memorial House
On 13 February 1912, Sun Yat-Sen resigned his position as provisional President of the Republic of China and conducted an inspection tour of China to invigorate its development, visiting Macau in May 1912 and June 1913. In May 1919, Sun Yat-Sen expelled the warlord Gui Xi (Guizhou military clique) in Guangdong and assigned his son Sun Ke to set up an office at the Rua de Inacio Baptista No. 10 to plan and agitate on behalf of the Constitutional Protection Movement. In 1922, Sun Yat-Sen supported the anti-tyranny wishes of the Chinese people of Macau and received a petition delegation from Macau workers in Guangzhou to make every effort to defend the Macau populace.
List of streets named after Sun Yat-sen
In Taiwan, Zhongshan Roads are as ubiquitous, if not more, compared to mainland China. In recent years, the administrative merging of neighbouring towns have sometimes resulted in duplicate Zhongshan Roads within the same locality, and as a result some such roads have been renamed.Two roads in Macau SAR were built in the name of Sun Yat-sen, in honour of Sun, who had set foot and lived in Macau. One road is called "Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (孫逸仙大馬路), located at the southern part of Macau Peninsula. The other road has the same name "Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (孫逸仙博士大馬路), located at Taipa Island. While the official Portuguese name of the two roads are the same, the Chinese translations are different. There is also a traffic roundabout, called "Rotunda Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (孫逸仙博士圓形地) joins two sections of the "Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (Taipa) as well as the "Avenida de Guimarães" (基馬拉斯大馬路). A street in Medan, Indonesia also named in honour of him, named as "Jalan Sun Yat-Sen", it is also including a 16th floor hotel nearby named as "Citi International Sun Yat-Sen Hotel".
Sun Yat-sen
On 22 October 1900, Sun launched the Huizhou uprising to attack Huizhou and provincial authorities in Guangdong. This came five years after the failed Guangzhou uprising. This time, Sun appealed to the triads for help. This uprising was also a failure. Miyazaki, who participated in the revolt with Sun, wrote an account of this revolutionary effort under the title "33-year dream" () in 1902.
Yok Mu-ming
Yok attended the 150th anniversary of the birthday of Sun Yat-sen event in Beijing in November 2016 led by General Secretary Xi Jinping.
The Soong Sisters (film)
Sun Yat-sen is a fugitive of the weakening Qing government and he lives in exile in Japan. He weds Soong Ching-ling, despite stern opposition from Charlie Soong. After the Qing dynasty is overthrown by the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, Sun becomes the Republic of China's first provisional president and founds the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party). Sun dies of liver cancer in 1925 and leaves his wife with his dying wish of Chinese reunification.
Moscow Sun Yat-sen University
In 1923, Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the KMT, made political overtures to the CPC and the Soviet Union. Sun believed that the KMT needed to train more Chinese revolutionaries.
Yeung Ku-wan
Almost a month after Yeung Ku-wan had been assassinated, Sun Yat-sen, who was in Japan having been exiled from Hong Kong, sent a letter of condolence to Tse Tsan-tai. During a meeting to mourn Yeung's passing, Sun Yat-sen expressed his sadness and stated that he and his companions had managed to collect 1000 silver dollars to assist Yeung's widow and family . The comrades expressed their sadness and several gave speeches about Yeung's life and his ambitions. The money was to be delivered to the Hong Kong China Daily newspaper which would pass it on to Yeung's family. The newspaper also promised to help the family in other ways too. Sun Yat-sen's eulogy was also sent to many of their colleagues in both east and west Japan.
Sun Yat Sen Memorial House
Dr. Sun's father, Sun Dacheng was a Macau resident. He arrived in Macau at the age of 16 to work as a cobbler in a shoe shop in Largo do S. Domingos before returning to his hometown 16 years later to farm and marry a year later to Lady Yang, Dr. Sun's mother. In 1879, she took 13-year-old Dr. Sun to Macau and he consequently became familiar with the territory. From whence he accompanied his mother on his first sea voyage on board the British iron ship "S.S. Grannock" bound for Honolulu in Hawaii to embark upon a western education. In 1884, five years after his first voyage, the young man went abroad again by ship from Macau once more. Subsequently, Macau was to serve as the starting point for Dr. Sun to leave his own country and travel around the world.
Wong Foon Sien
He was born Wong Mun Poo () on 7 July 1899 in Guangdong and moved to Cumberland, British Columbia in 1908 with his parents. His parents, who had become successful merchants, hoped he would build a career in Imperial China, and had wanted to send him to China for a proper education; he spent time after school reading "Four Books and Five Classics" when he was 10 years old. Their hopes were dashed when revolutionary Sun Yat-sen visited Cumberland from his exile in the United States on a fund-raising trip in 1911, leaving an impression on Foon Sien, who resolved to study law. After he completed high school, he moved to Vancouver and became one of five Chinese students to enroll at the University of British Columbia (UBC). He became the president of the Chinese Students' Alliance of Canada.
Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang
The Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang formerly called the Sun Yat-sen Penang Base, is a museum in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. The museum is dedicated to Sun Yat-sen, a nationalist from China who established the Chinese Republic in 1912 after his efforts in Xinhai Revolution.
Tang Qunying
In propagating her ideas, as a suffragist, Tang could, as a political strategist, adopt a “rigid or flexible” approach, could be “empathetic or furious”, and "analytical or impulsive” as the situation warranted. Tang was so dedicated to the revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen that when he died on 12 March 1925, she wrote a poem titled “I weep for President Sun Yat-sen” and compared the grief of the nation on his death as a “miasma”. She held a memorial in his honour in the girls school she had founded.
Sun Yat-sen
In 1904, Sun Yat-sen came about with the goal "to expel the Tatar barbarians (i.e. Manchu), to revive Zhonghua, to establish a Republic, and to distribute land equally among the people" (). One of Sun's major legacies was the creation of his political philosophy of the Three Principles of the People. These Principles included the principle of nationalism (minzu, ), of democracy (minquan, ), and of welfare (minsheng, ).
Dr. Sun Yat-sen (opera)
Dr. Sun Yat-sen () is a 2011 Chinese-language western-style opera in three acts by the New York-based American composer Huang Ruo who was born in China and is a graduate of Oberlin College's Conservatory as well as the Juilliard School of Music. The libretto was written by established playwright and translator Candace Mui-ngam Chong. It is her first opera libretto.
Sun Yat-sen stamps
On 1948-04-28 a set of two stamps was produced by the Central Engraving and Printing Works in Beijing to mark the third anniversary of the restoration of Taiwan to Chinese rule. It shows the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Building in Taipei. It was engraved and perforated 14.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Dr. Sun was born in Guangdong province of China on 12 November 1866, and died in 1925 in Beijing, China. On 23 April 1929, the Chinese government appointed He Yingqin to be in charge of laying Dr. Sun to rest. On 26 May, the coffin departed from Beijing, and on 28 May, it arrived in Nanjing. On 1 June 1929, Dr. Sun was buried there. Sun, considered to be the "Father of Modern China" both in mainland China and in Taiwan, fought against the imperial Qing government and after the 1911 revolution ended the monarchy, and founded the Republic of China.
Au Fung-Chi
Au Fung-Chi () (1847-1914), was a Hong Kong Protestant church leader. He was an Elder of 
To Tsai Church (道濟會堂), which was Sun Yat-sen's place of worship while he studied medicine in Hong Kong. Au was Sun's teacher of Chinese literature, and gave Sun the pseudonym name "Yìxiān" (). Au was also the Secretary of the Department of Chinese Affairs.
Sun Yat-sen
China had become divided between different military leaders without a proper central government. Sun saw the danger of this and returned to China in 1917 to advocate Chinese reunification. In 1921 he started a self-proclaimed military government in Guangzhou and was elected Grand Marshal. Between 1912 and 1927 three governments had been set up in South China: the Provisional government in Nanjing (1912), the Military government in Guangzhou (1921–1925), and the National government in Guangzhou and later Wuhan (1925–1927). The southern separatist government in the South was established to rival the Beiyang government in the north. Yuan Shikai had banned the KMT. The short lived Chinese Revolutionary Party was a temporary replacement for the KMT. On 10 October 1919 Sun resurrected the KMT with the new name Chung-kuo Kuomintang (), or the "Nationalist Party of China".
Yamen
The institution of the "yamen" fell victim to the Wuchang Uprising and the Xinhai Revolution, after which warlords often wound up becoming the ultimate authorities, in spite of Sun Yat-sen's best efforts to establish a Republic of China covering all of China. Sun Yat-sen tried to establish a form of self-government, or home rule, on a regional (or local) basis, but he found that he needed bureaucracy to run a country as big as China. Hence, new bureaucratic offices arose, thus replicating the functions of the Imperial "yamen"s in many ways.
Sun Yat-sen
At age 20, Sun had an arranged marriage with fellow villager Lu Muzhen. She bore a son, Sun Fo, and two daughters, Sun Jinyuan () and Sun Jinwan (). Sun Fo was the grandfather of Leland Sun, who spent 37 years working in Hollywood as an actor and stuntman. Sun Yat-sen was also the godfather of Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, American author and poet who wrote under the name Cordwainer Smith.
Sun Yat-sen
At one time CPC general secretary and PRC president Jiang Zemin claimed Sun Yat-sen had a "New Three Principles of the People" () which consisted of "working with the soviets, working with the communists and helping the farmers" (). Lily Sun said the CPC was distorting Sun's legacy in 2001. She then voiced her displeasure in 2002 in a private letter to Jiang about the distortion of history. In 2008 Jiang Zemin was willing to offer US$10 million to sponsor a Xinhai Revolution anniversary celebration event. According to "Ming Pao" she could not take the money because she would no longer have the freedom to communicate the revolution. This concept is still currently available on Baike Baidu.
Shipai Village
Chi Pai (池柏)(1879–1961), a famous doctor who once served as a member of Sun Yat-Sen medical team was local resident. Chi Yao-Ting (池耀廷)(1870–1960), also a doctor and was classmate of Sun Yat-Sen when they studied medicine at the Guangzhou Boji Hospital under the Christian missionary John G. Kerr. He was once praised by Emperor Xuantong. Chi Yu-yuan (池又元), A labor model and minister of Institute of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Railways, was born in Shipai. Tung Chao-chih (董兆致), famous fencer who had participated in several terms of Olympics, grew up in Shipai. Ding Lei (丁磊), founder and CEO of NetEase, once live in Shipai Village.
Young-Sen-Yat
Sun Yat Sen sought funds from and often stayed at the home of Young Ahin. He and his youngest son were staunch supporters of Sun’s revolutionary efforts for the overthrow of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and later unification of China from its warring factions. Sen Yet Young was given the first name, in reverse order, of Dr. Sun Yat Sen.
Order of Dr. Sun Yat-sen
The Order of Dr. Sun Yat-sen () is a civilian order of the Republic of China that was instituted in 1941. It is given in commemoration of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and as a token of thanks to those who make outstanding contributions to the Republic of China. It has only been awarded three times: twice in the 1940s to associates of Sun Yat-sen, and in 2008 to Annette Lu, the first Vice President of the Republic of China to have served two terms (8 years).
Sun Yat-sen
Sun was in exile not only in Japan but also in Europe, the United States, and Canada. He raised money for his revolutionary party and to support uprisings in China. While the events leading up to it are unclear, in 1896 Sun Yat-sen was detained at the Chinese Legation in London, where the Chinese Imperial secret service planned to kill him. He was released after 12 days through the efforts of James Cantlie, "The Globe", "The Times", and the Foreign Office, leaving Sun a hero in Britain. James Cantlie, Sun's former teacher at the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, maintained a lifelong friendship with Sun and would later write an early biography of Sun.
Sun Yat-sen
Sun was born as Sun Wen (Cantonese: "Syūn Màhn"; ), and his was Sun Deming ("Syūn Dāk-mìhng"; ). As a child, his was Tai Tseung ("Dai-jeuhng"; ). Sun's courtesy name was Zaizhi ("Jai-jī"; ), and his baptized name was Rixin ("Yaht-sān"; ). While at school in Hong Kong he got the art name Yat-sen (). Sūn Zhōngshān (), the most popular of his Chinese names, is derived from his Japanese name "Nakayama Shō" (), the pseudonym given to him by Tōten Miyazaki while in hiding in Japan.
Sun Yat-sen
As dedication, the 1966 Chinese Cultural Renaissance was launched on Sun's birthday on 12 November.
Sun Yat-sen
In 1926, construction began on a majestic mausoleum at the foot of Purple Mountain in Nanjing, and this was completed in the spring of 1929. On 1 June 1929, Sun's remains were moved from Beijing and interred in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School, also Sun Yat-sen Memorial Middle School,(Chinese: 中山纪念中学; pinyin: Zhōngshān Jìniàn Zhōngxúe) was established in memory of Sun Yat-sen in 1934. The school located in Cuiheng Village, Nanlang town, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China. Cuiheng village is Sun Yat-sen's hometown. It is next to the former residence of Sun Yat-sen. There are 102 classes in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School with more than 7000 students, which is a full boarding school.
Chan Yat-sen
Chan Yat-sen, MBE, JP (; 1917 – 27 July 2007) was a prominent Hong Kong politician and rural leader. He was a New Territories indigenous inhabitant and Chairman of the powerful Heung Yee Kuk, and was dubbed the "King of the New Territories".
Sun Yat-sen
In 1924 Sun appointed his brother-in-law T. V. Soong to set up the first Chinese Central bank called the Canton Central Bank. To establish national capitalism and a banking system was a major objective for the KMT. However Sun was not without some opposition as there was the Canton volunteers corps uprising against him.
Sun Yat-sen
In 1891, Sun met revolutionary friends in Hong Kong including Yeung Ku-wan who was the leader and founder of the Furen Literary Society. The group was spreading the idea of overthrowing the Qing. In 1894, Sun wrote an 8,000 character petition to Qing Viceroy Li Hongzhang presenting his ideas for modernizing China. He traveled to Tianjin to personally present the petition to Li but was not granted an audience. After this experience, Sun turned irrevocably toward revolution. He left China for Hawaii and founded the Revive China Society, which was committed to revolutionizing China's prosperity. Members were drawn mainly from Chinese expatriates, especially the lower social classes. The same month in 1894 the Furen Literary Society was merged with the Hong Kong chapter of the Revive China Society. Thereafter, Sun became the secretary of the newly merged Revive China society, which Yeung Ku-wan headed as president. They disguised their activities in Hong Kong under the running of a business under the name "Kuen Hang Club" ().
Chen Cuifen
Chen Cuifen (; 1873–1960) was born in Hong Kong as a fourth child. She was regarded as the “Forgotten revolutionary female” and "The first revolution partner" of Sun Yat-sen. Before marrying Soong Ching-ling, Sun Yat-sen had a 20 year-relationship with Chen Cuifen. In the "Sun Genealogy", she was called "Sun Yat-sen's concubine."
Mohit Sen
Mohit Sen born on 24 March 1929, in Calcutta, and died in Hyderabad on 3 May 2003 was a communist intellectual. He was general secretary of the United Communist Party of India at the time of his death.
Sun Yat-sen
Sun's US citizen Hawaii birth certificate that show he was not born in the ROC, but instead born in the US was on public display at the American Institute in Taiwan on US Independence day 4 July 2011.
Soong Ching-ling
In 1918, Soong and her husband Sun Yat-sen lived in a house in the French Concession of Shanghai. After her husband's death, Soong continued to reside there until 1937. The house has now been converted into a museum dedicated called the Former Residence of Sun Yat-sen. Though dedicated primarily to Sun, it also contains some of Soong's artefacts during their life together.
Sun Yat-sen University
In 1924, Dr. Sun Yat-sen founded the National Canton University (国立广东大学) and inscribed in his own handwriting the school motto of "Study Extensively, Enquire Accurately, Reflect Carefully, Discriminate Clearly, Practise Earnestly." After the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the national government that was set up during the first cooperation between the Communists and Nationalists formally decreed to change its name to Sun Yat-sen University on July 17, 1926, in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. In 1926, there were five National Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) Universities: National First Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Guangzhou (the current Sun Yat-sen University), National Second Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Wuhan (the current Wuhan University), National Third Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Zhejiang (the current Zhejiang University), National Fourth Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Nanjing (the current Nanjing University, National Fifth Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Zhengzhou (the current Henan University). In the 1930s, there were seven schools in the university: the Schools of Arts, Sciences, Law, Engineering, Agricultural Studies, Medicine and Education. In 1935, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Sun Yat-sen University set up the first graduate schools in China and began to enroll graduate students. In the 1950s, colleges, schools and departments were readjusted nationwide, and Sun Yat-sen University became a national top-tier comprehensive university with the liberal arts and sciences as its backbone disciplines.
Sun Yat Sen Memorial House
Whilst studying at the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, the young Dr. Sun constantly travelled between Hong Kong and Macau to criticise the corruption of the Qing regime and agitated for revolution to save the country. He, along with Chan Siu-bak, Yau Lit and Yeung Hok-ling, were known as the "Si Da Kou" (Four Bandits). During this period, Sun Yat-Sen made many revolutionary statements and his first great essay—"Letter to Zheng Zaoru"—in his anthology was published by a Macau newspaper in 1890.
Sun Yat-sen House (Nanjing)
The house has been called Zhongshan House (Sun Yat-sen House) for long, but it's unknown from when. It's included in the list of Nanjing Historic Preservations in 2006 and Nanjing Key Modern Historic Buildings in 2010. In the book "My Grandfather: Sun Yat-sen" published in 2001 written by Sun Huifang, a photo of the house is shown with the note "official mansion of Sun Yat-sen".
Sun Yat-sen
During his stay in Honolulu, Sun Yat-sen went to ʻIolani School where he studied English, British history, mathematics, science, and Christianity. While he was originally unable to speak English, Sun Yat-sen quickly picked up the language and received a prize for academic achievement from King David Kalākaua before graduating in 1882. He then attended Oahu College (now known as Punahou School) for one semester. In 1883 he was sent home to China as his brother was becoming worried that Sun Yat-sen was beginning to embrace Christianity.
Bo Gu
In 1926 Qin was sent to the Moscow Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Russia where he continued to study both Marxism and Leninism. The Sun Yat-sen University was established under Kuomintang founder Sun Yat-sen's alliance policy with the Soviet Union and the CPC. Its aim was to systematically train young revolutionists for Chinese revolution in the Russian fashion. Using the alias "Bo Gu", which means "familiar with histories" in Chinese, Qin continued his studies while becoming acquainted with Wang Ming, a student who had come to the university a year earlier. Wang and Qin, along with many other students, such as Zhang Wentian, Wang Jiaxiang, and Yang Shangkun formed a group known as the 28 Bolsheviks.
Homer Lea
When Chinese revolutionary leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen came to America in late 1909 on a fund-raising trip, he met with Yung Wing, who convinced him that Lea and the Red Dragon conspirators could benefit his revolutionary movement. The Red Dragon conspirators joined Sun Yat-sen's movement to topple the Manchu Dynasty and Lea became one of Sun Yat-sen's most trusted advisors. Ultimately, the Red Dragon conspirators could not obtain the necessary financial backing for their plans and dissolved the conspiracy after a failed revolutionary attempt by Sun Yat-sen's followers in March 1911. Lea, however, remained loyal to Sun Yat-sen.
List of streets named after Sun Yat-sen
The literal meaning of the characters "Zhong" and "shan" are "Central/Middle" and "Mountain"; the name was adopted by Sun Yat-sen while in Japan in the early 1900s. For more information on the names of Sun Yat-sen, see Names of Sun Yat-sen.
1910 Penang conference
The 1910 Penang conference (庇能會議) was a meeting held in Penang 404 Dato' Kramat road on November 13, 1910, by Sun Yat-sen to stage a major revolt. The following day, on November 14, 1910, Sun Yat-sen chaired an Emergency Meeting of the Tongmenghui at 120 Armenian Street, now the Sun Yat Sen Museum Penang, and raised Straits Dollars $8,000 on the spot. The meeting focused on fund raising and the planning of a final revolution to overthrow the Qing government that would make or break the Tongmenghui.
Yat-Sen Chang
Yat-Sen studied at the Cuban National Ballet School, beginning his studies at the age of nine. The
youngest of three brothers (all professionally trained ballet dancers), he graduated as a dancer and
teacher in 1989 and immediately joined the famous Cuban National Ballet Company.
Names of Sun Yat-sen
Thus, his child name was Sun Dixiang/Sun Tai-tseung (). So this name Sun Dìxiàng is also referred to as his small name (小名). This name, however, was not the name that he received when he was born.
Names of Sun Yat-sen
The "real" name of Sun Yat-sen, the name inscribed in the genealogical records of his family, is Sun Deming/Tak-ming (). This "genealogical name" () is what extended relatives of the Sun family would have known him by. This is a name that was used in formal occasions. The first Chinese character of the given name, "dé" (), is the generation character which he shared with his brother and his relatives on the same generation line. Traditionally, this name was not used in intercourse with people outside of the family, and inside China or Taiwan almost nobody knows that his real name was Sun Deming (although other historical figures such as Mao Zedong are known by their "register name"), and even many Chinese people wrongly assume that Deming was his courtesy name ().
Sun Yat-sen stamps
The next issue to appear on 1929-05-30 marked the State Burial of Sun Yat-sen and depicts the memorial hall of his mausoleum. This structure which was commenced after Sun's death in 1925 is built on the side of a hill near Nanjing. The four stamps in this set were engraved and printed in Beijing, perforated 14. Overprints of this set were produced for use in Xinjiang, Yunnan and Manchuria.
Sun Yat-sen
Although Sun is considered to be one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution and the Han Chinese regaining power after 268 years of living under Manchurian rule (Qing dynasty), he quickly resigned from his post as President of the newly founded Republic of China to Yuan Shikai, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party consolidate its power over the country during the Northern Expedition. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the Chinese Communist Party, split into two factions after his death.
Lingnan University (Guangzhou)
Sun Yat-sen University is a comprehensive university founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in 1924. In the Times Higher Education Ranking 2011-2012, it was ranked sixth among all Chinese universities and first in South China.
Sun Yat-sen
At the age of 10, Sun Yat-sen began seeking schooling, and he met childhood friend Lu Haodong. By age 13 in 1878, after receiving a few years of local schooling, Sun went to live with his elder brother, Sun Mei () in Honolulu. Sun Mei financed Sun Yat-sen's education and would later be a major contributor for the overthrow of the Manchus.
Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen
The Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen (), established in 1929, became the first national botanical garden in China. The original name, 'Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen', commemorated Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, the pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution. In 1954, it was renamed as Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is one of four major botanical gardens in China. The botanical garden is also known as Zhongshan Botanical Gardens after the spelling of its name in pinyin.
Sun Yat-sen
Sun's notability and popularity extends beyond the Greater China region, particularly to Nanyang (Southeast Asia), where a large concentration of overseas Chinese resided in Malaya (Malaysia and Singapore). While in Singapore, he met local Chinese merchants Teo Eng Hock (), Tan Chor Nam () and Lim Nee Soon (), which mark the commencement of direct support from the Nanyang Chinese. The Singapore chapter of the Tongmenghui was established on 6 April 1906. Though some records claim the founding date to be end of 1905. The villa used by Sun was known as Wan Qing Yuan. At this point Singapore was the headquarters of the Tongmenghui.
Former Residence of Sun Yat-Sen (Shanghai)
Sun Yat-sen lived in this house from 1918 with his wife Soong Ching-ling. After his death, Sun's wife continued to live here until 1937. There is now an exhibition centre presenting Sun Yat-sen's life, together with some artifacts and a statue of Sun Yat-sen outside.
Sun Yat-sen
A "Heaven and Earth Society" sect known as Tiandihui had been around for a long time. The group has also been referred to as the "three cooperating organizations" as well as the triads. Sun Yat-sen mainly used this group to leverage his overseas travels to gain further financial and resource support for his revolution. According to the New York Times "Sun Yat-sen left his village in Guangdong, southern China, in 1879 to join a brother in Hawaii. He eventually returned to China and from there moved to the British colony of Hong Kong in 1883. It was there that he received his Western education, his Christian faith and the money for revolution." This is where Sun Yat-sen realized that China needed to change its ways. He knew that the only way that China would change and modernize would be to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.
Sun Yat-sen
In most major Chinese cities one of the main streets is named "Zhongshan Lu" () to celebrate his memory. There are also numerous parks, schools, and geographical features named after him. Xiangshan, Sun's hometown in Guangdong, was renamed Zhongshan in his honor, and there is a hall dedicated to his memory at the Temple of Azure Clouds in Beijing. There are also a series of Sun Yat-sen stamps.
Sun Fo
After returning to China, Sun was appointed Mayor of Guangzhou (Canton), where the Kuomintang's government headed by his father was headquartered, serving from 1920 to 1922 and again from 1923 to 1925 (between 1922 and 1923, Sun Yat-sen was exiled by Chen Jiongming). As recorded in a China Mail (a Chinese newspaper) on June 4, 1923, there was controversy in relation to a case involving 50,000 yuan and Sun Fo. The case was voiced in public through Chan Po-yin (陳步賢; 1883–1965), a Senator of Guangzhou. In the Nationalist government, Sun served as Minister of Communications from 1926 to 1927, as Minister of Finance from 1927 to 1928 and Minister of Railways from 1928 to 1931.
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School was founded in 1934 by Sun Yat-sen's eldest son, Sun Fo. It was built under the supervision of Soong Ching-ling, the widow of Sun Yat-sen. The school was set up to inherit the wishes of Sun Yat-sen which development and personnel training are the root of prosperity and strength. The first name of the school was "Prime Minister's Hometown Memorial School"（总理故乡纪念中学）in 1934.In 1949, the school was renamed "Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School".
Sun Yat-sen
In 1993 Lily Sun, one of Sun Yat-sen's granddaughters, donated books, photographs, artwork and other memorabilia to the Kapi'olani Community College library as part of the "Sun Yat-sen Asian collection". During October and November every year the entire collection is shown. In 1997 the "Dr Sun Yat-sen Hawaii foundation" was formed online as a virtual library. In 2006 the NASA Mars Exploration Rover Spirit labeled one of the hills explored "Zhongshan".
Anti-Manchuism
Sun Yat Sen was the founder of Chinese Republic who overthrew the Qing Dynasty which ruled over all of China from 1644 to 1911 proclaimed as such when he launch his rebellion against the Qing Dynasty which was ruled by Manchus:
Sun Yat-sen
In the second year of the establishment of the Revive China society on 26 October 1895, the group planned and launched the First Guangzhou uprising against the Qing in Guangzhou. Yeung Ku-wan directed the uprising starting from Hong Kong. However, plans were leaked out and more than 70 members, including Lu Haodong, were captured by the Qing government. The uprising was a failure. Sun received financial support mostly from his brother who sold most of his 12,000 acres of ranch and cattle in Hawaii. Additionally, members of his family and relatives of the Sun would take refuge at the home of his brother Sun Mei at Kamaole in Kula, Maui.
Young-Sen-Yat
Sen Yet Young (Yang Xianyi ) was born in The Kingdom of Hawaii (1893). His father, Young Ahin (Yang Zhu Kun), emigrated to Hawaii (1872 at age 19) from today's Chinese county of Zhongshan where Dr. Sun Yat Sen 孫逸仙 and his older brother Sun Mei came from. Young Ahin’s hometown village of Buck Toy (Bei Tai 北臺) was close to the Sun family village of Cui Heng; they spoke the same Zhongshan dialect, were good friends, business partners and could plan
secrets of Chinese revolution activities from Hawaii.
Sun Yat-sen
St. John's University in New York City has a facility built in 1973, the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall, built to resemble a traditional Chinese building in honor of Sun. Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden is located in Vancouver, the largest classical Chinese gardens outside of Asia. There is the Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Park in Chinatown, Honolulu. On the island of Maui, there is the little Sun Yat-sen Park at Kamaole. It is located near to where his older brother had a ranch on the slopes of Haleakala in the Kula region.
Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang
When Sun first brought his family to Penang in 1910, the building housed the reading club Penang Philomatic Union. The club was a cover for Sun's political party. On 14 November 1910 Sun Yat-Sen chaired an Emergency Meeting of the Nanyang Tongmenghui organisation in this house and launched the fundraising campaign for the Second Guangzhou Uprising. It was in this building that Sun Yat-sen delivered his famous speech at the 1910 Penang Conference, and raised Straits Dollars $8000 on the spot. In December 1910, the first issue of the Kwong Wah Yit Poh was published from 120 Armenian Street. Launched by Dr Sun and his followers in Penang, It is now the world's oldest Chinese newspaper outside of China.
Minakata Kumagusu
One of the highlights in London was getting to know Sun Yat-sen, father of the Chinese Revolution. Minakata put it in his diary how they hit it off straight away on first acquaintance at the Douglas’s office in the British Museum in March 1897 and quickly developed a friendship through visiting each other and talking till late almost every day. The descriptions, though very brief, reveal the closeness between two friends. Their company lasted only four months until Sun had to leave London for Asia in early July.
Sun Yat-sen
After Sun's death, a power struggle between his young protégé Chiang Kai-shek and his old revolutionary comrade Wang Jingwei split the KMT. At stake in this struggle was the right to lay claim to Sun's ambiguous legacy. In 1927 Chiang Kai-shek married Soong Mei-ling, a sister of Sun's widow Soong Ching-ling, and subsequently he could claim to be a brother-in-law of Sun. When the Communists and the Kuomintang split in 1927, marking the start of the Chinese Civil War, each group claimed to be his true heirs, a conflict that continued through World War II. Sun's widow, Soong Ching-ling, sided with the Communists during the Chinese Civil War and served from 1949 to 1981 as Vice-President (or Vice-Chairwoman) of the People's Republic of China and as Honorary President shortly before her death in 1981.
Soong Ching-ling
Soong Ching-ling (27 January 189329 May 1981) was a Chinese political figure. As the third wife of Sun Yat-sen, one of the leaders of the 1911 revolution that established the Republic of China, she was often referred to as Madame Sun Yat-sen. She was a member of the Soong family and, together with her siblings, played a prominent role in China's politics prior to 1949.
Longmen, Zhejiang
Curiously, the great revolutionary statesman Sun Yat-sen, born in southern Guangdong province, can trace his ancestry to Longmen. His ancestors moved from Zhejiang to Fujian and then finally to Guangdong. The Sun clan genealogy in his native Cuiheng bears the title "Genealogical Register of the Sun Clan of Fuchun".
Soong Ching-ling
Soong married Sun Yat-sen, leader of China's 1911 revolution and founder of the Kuomintang (KMT or Nationalist Party), on 25 October 1915, even though her parents greatly opposed the match. (Dr. Sun was 26 years her senior.) After Sun's death in 1925, she was elected to the KMT Central Executive Committee. However, she left China for Moscow after the expulsion of the Communists from the KMT in 1927, accusing the KMT of betraying her husband's legacy. Her younger sister, May-ling, married Chiang Kai-shek shortly afterward, making Chiang Soong's brother-in-law.
Dato Keramat Road, George Town
Dato Keramat Road was also known as the place where the founding father of modern China, Sun Yat-sen, once resided. In exile in 1910, Dr. Sun stayed in a house along the road, while his daughters were sent to St. George's Girls' School.
Sun Yat-sen
Because of these failures, Sun's leadership was challenged by elements from within the Tongmenghui who wished to remove him as leader. In Tokyo 1907–1908 members from the recently merged Restoration society raised doubts about Sun's credentials. Tao Chengzhang () and Zhang Binglin publicly denounced Sun with an open leaflet called "A declaration of Sun Yat-sen's criminal acts by the revolutionaries in Southeast Asia". This was printed and distributed in reformist newspapers like Nanyang Zonghui Bao. Their goal was to target Sun as a leader leading a revolt for profiteering gains.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Music Stage
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Music Stage () is a building affiliated to the complex of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, located in the southeast of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Square in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Covering an area of more than 4,200 square meters, it is an open-air stage mainly used to hold ceremonies, musical performances and assembly speeches to commemorate Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The stage was designed by Yang Tingbao () and built by the Liyuan Construction Company() for 95,000 RMB donated by the San Francisco Chinese-Americans as well as the Liaoning Province Kuomintang branch. The construction project was started in the fall of 1932 and completed in August, 1933.
Fung Joe Guey
Fung returned to China on March 21, 1911, upon the request of Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen ("Sūn Yìxiān " or "Sūn Zhōngshān"), who wanted to use Fung's planes to aid the rebellion against the Qing dynasty. He was accompanied by six Oakland residents and another biplane of his own design. However, on August 26, 1912, he was killed when his plane crashed during an aerial exhibition, in front of 1,000 spectators. Sun Yat-sen insisted that he be buried at the Mausoleum of the 72 Huanghuagang Martyrs, and that his tomb be inscribed with the words "Pioneer of Chinese Aviation".
Sun Yat-sen
Other references to Sun include the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou and National Sun Yat-sen University in Kaohsiung. Other structures include Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall subway station, Sun Yat-sen house in Nanjing, Dr. Sun Yat-sen Museum in Hong Kong, Chung-Shan Building, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei and Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall in Singapore. Zhongshan Memorial Middle School has also been a name used by many schools. Zhongshan Park is also a common name used for a number of places named after him. The first highway in Taiwan is called the Sun Yat-sen expressway. Two ships are also named after him, the Chinese gunboat Chung Shan and Chinese cruiser Yat Sen. The old Chinatown in Calcutta (now known as Kolkata), India has a prominent street by the name of Sun Yat-sen street. There are also two streets named after Sun Yat-sen, located in the cities of Astrakhan and Ufa, Russia.
Sun Yat-sen
In 1886 Sun studied medicine at the Guangzhou Boji Hospital under the Christian missionary John G. Kerr. Ultimately, he earned the license of Christian practice as a medical doctor from the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (the forerunner of The University of Hong Kong) in 1892. Notably, of his class of 12 students, Sun was one of only two who graduated.
Sun Yat-sen
In February 1923 Sun made a presentation to the Students' Union in Hong Kong University and declared that it was the corruption of China and the peace, order and good government of Hong Kong that turned him into a revolutionary. This same year, he delivered a speech in which he proclaimed his Three Principles of the People as the foundation of the country and the Five-Yuan Constitution as the guideline for the political system and bureaucracy. Part of the speech was made into the National Anthem of the Republic of China.
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Taipei)
The National Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall () is located in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. It is a memorial to the Republic of China's National Father, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and was completed in 1972. The total building area covers in an open space of . It contains displays of Sun's life and the revolution he led, and is also a multi-purpose social, educational and cultural center for the public.
Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden
The garden is named in honour of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, a nationalist leader who is considered the "father of modern China." The attribution is not arbitrary, as it emphasizes his connection with Vancouver. While traveling the world to raise awareness of, and funding for, the Chinese nationalist movement, Sun Yat-Sen stayed in Vancouver on three different occasions for extended periods. At the time, there was a significant presence of Chinese nationalists in British Columbia, who helped finance the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing Dynasty in 1911. Sun Yat Sen subsequently became the first president of the Republic of China.
Yeung Ku-wan
His relationship with Sun Yat-sen was complicated: Yeung was President (and Sun was Secretary) when his Furen Literary Society first merged with Sun's Revive China Society in 1895 (renamed as the Hong Kong chapter of the Hing Chong Hui). However Sun gradually became more powerful and edged Yeung out, resulting in Yeung resigning (as President) in 1899, to be succeeded by Sun Yat-sen.
Sun Yat-sen
The revolutionaries were polarized and split between pro-Sun and anti-Sun camps. Sun publicly fought off comments about how he had something to gain financially from the revolution. However, by 19 July 1910, the Tongmenghui headquarters had to relocate from Singapore to Penang to reduce the anti-Sun activities. It is also in Penang that Sun and his supporters would launch the first Chinese "daily" newspaper, the Kwong Wah Yit Poh in December 1910.
Cuiheng
Cuiheng is home to the Former Residence of Dr Sun Yat-sen (}) and the Sun Yat-sen Residence Memorial Museum (), which was built next to the residence in 1956. The residence and museum complex was classified as a Major Site Protected at the National Level of China in 1986 by the State Council of China. There is also a Polaris Temple () dedicated to the Polaris Emperor ().
Sun Yat-sen
According to Lee Yun-ping, chairman of the Chinese historical society, Sun needed a certificate to enter the United States at a time when the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 would have otherwise blocked him. However, on Sun's first attempt to enter the US, he was still arrested. He was later bailed out after 17 days. In March 1904, while residing in Kula, Maui, Sun Yat-sen obtained a Certificate of Hawaiian Birth, issued by the Territory of Hawaii, stating that "he was born in the Hawaiian Islands on the 24th day of November, A.D. 1870." He renounced it after it served its purpose to circumvent the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Official files of the United States show that Sun had United States nationality, moved to China with his family at age 4, and returned to Hawaii 10 years later.
Sidney H. Chang
Chang and Gordon compiled a comprehensive bibliography of primary and secondary sources relevant to the revolutionary activities of Sun Yat-sen from the inception of his thought to the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of a republic, from his eighteenth year in April 1885, until his death on March 12, 1925. The authors consulted over thirty library catalogs and visited research collections in major Asian libraries and archives in the United States, Europe, and East Asia. The first edition, which contains 2,216 entries in all bibliographical categories, was published in 1991. In addition to English, the original titles appeared in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Dutch, Swedish, Hebrew, Yiddish, Thai, and Hindi. The revised and enlarged second edition followed, adding major works published from 1989 to early 1997, for a total of 2,581 entries. Publications in Arabic, Tamil, and Hungarian were added. This bibliography lists writings by and about Sun Yat-sen as well as books, articles, translated works and document collections, doctoral dissertations, master's theses, and selected newspaper and magazine accounts, published during his lifetime and in subsequent years. The authors unearthed Sun Yat-sen's works published under sixty-nine names!
Sun Yat Sen Memorial House
In 1933, the House was reconstructed and was renamed to its present name in 1958. A full-length bronze statue of Dr. Sun in the courtyard was cast by his Japanese friend Shōkichi Umeya in 1934. Three other identical bronze statues of Dr. Sun now stand at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, the Whampoa Military Academy and the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou.
Names of Sun Yat-sen
In 1883, 17-year-old Sun Yat-sen was baptized as a Christian when he started his studies in Hong Kong. On that occasion, he chose himself the baptized name (教名) of Rìxīn (日新), meaning "renew oneself daily". In Cantonese, this is pronounced "Yut-sun"[6] (IPA: , ).
Names of Sun Yat-sen
His name Sun Wen is very well known among Chinese. After attaining public office, Sun consistently used this name - Sun Wen - to sign official documents.
Sun Yat-sen
Sun is venerated as a Saint in Đạo Cao Đài, a religion established in Vietnam in 1926. He, along with the two other Saints Victor Hugo and Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, represented mankind to declare the Alliance (peaceful treaty) with God.
Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang
In 2007, the international Chinese movie Road To Dawn, based on Dr. Sun Yat Sen’s revolutionary activities in Penang, filmed the reenactment of the Emergency Meeting of the 1910 Penang Conference in this museum. The house was extensively renovated in 2010–11, with special changes to its façade and roof. The craftsman for the renovation project came from Quanzhou, southern China. In 1910, the Sun Yat Sen Museum Penang hosted the 22nd Joint Conference of the Sun Yat Sen and Soong Ching Ling Memorials, a major event which was participated by 30 museums ad memorials and saw the reunion of 29 members of the Sun clan (descendants of Sun Yat-sen and Sun Mei). This event was an international centennial commemoration of the 1910 Penang Conference. In 1911, the Sun Yat Sen Museum Penang started an International Youth Exchange Programme with the China Soong Ching Ling Foundation.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum () is situated at the foot of the second peak of Mount Zijin (Purple Mountain) in Nanjing. Construction of the tomb started in January 1926, and was finished in spring of 1929. The architect was Lü Yanzhi, who died shortly after it was finished. His representative and project partner was his close friend Huang Tanpu.
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou)
The memorial hall stands on the site of Guangzhou's Presidential Palace during the Constitutional Protection Movement, when the Nationalists operated a rival "Chinese" government to the Zhili Clique's Beijing regime. The palace was damaged during Ye Ju's 16 June 1922 attack on Sun Yat-sen, during which—though he had already fled—his wife narrowly escaped shelling and rifle fire before meeting him on the gunboat "Yongfeng", where they were joined by Chiang Kai-shek. The hall itself has been severely damaged and repaired several times until 1998, when it was comprehensively upgraded to its present-day condition. A statue of Sun Yat-sen was erected in front of the main entrance.
Sun Yat-sen
When he returned to China in 1883 at age 17, Sun met up with his childhood friend Lu Haodong again at Beijidian (), a temple in Cuiheng Village. They saw many villagers worshipping the Beiji (literally "North Pole") Emperor-God in the temple, and were dissatisfied with their ancient healing methods. They broke the statue, incurring the wrath of fellow villagers, and escaped to Hong Kong. While in Hong Kong in 1883 he studied at the Diocesan Boys' School, and from 1884 to 1886 he was at The Government Central School.
Eugene Chen
Eugene Chen or Chen Youren (; July 2, 1878, San Fernando, Trinidad – 20 May 1944, Shanghai), known in his youth as Eugene Bernard Achan, was an overseas Chinese lawyer who in the 1920s became Sun Yat-sen's foreign minister. He was known for his success in promoting Sun's anti-imperialist foreign policies.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
In May 2008, Wu Po-hsiung became the first ruling KMT Chairman to visit the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum since 1949. There were concerns that the 392 steps leading to the tomb would be too taxing given Wu's leg injuries.
National Sun Yat-sen University
In 1923, two years before his death, the Founding Father of the Republic of China (ROC), Dr. Sun Yat-sen, established two universities, one civil and one military. The civil university was National Kwangtung University (, renamed National Sun Yat-sen University in 1926), and the military university was Whampoa Military Academy. Both universities generated remarkable contributions and played an important education role in modern Chinese history.
History of the Republic of China
Sun Yat-sen died of cancer in Beijing in March 1925, as the Nationalist movement he had helped to initiate was gaining momentum. During the summer of 1925 Chiang, as commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, set out on the long-delayed Northern Expedition against the northern warlords. Within nine months half of China had been conquered. By 1926, however, the Kuomintang had divided into left- and right-wing factions, and the Communist bloc within it was also growing.
Kula, Hawaii
At , a mile or so beyond Keokea, between mile markers 18 and 19 on the Kula highway (aka Highway 37), is the county park dedicated to Maui's former resident, Sun Yat-sen, called the "father of modern China." He grew up in the area in the late 19th century living with his brother Sun Mei (). He led the revolution that ended China’s last dynasty and established the Republic of China in 1912.