Lithium hydride
Before the Castle Bravo nuclear weapons test in 1954, it was thought that only the less common isotope lithium-6 would breed tritium when struck with fast neutrons. The Castle Bravo test showed (accidentally) that the more plentiful lithium-7 also does so under extreme conditions, albeit by an endothermic reaction.
Wolfe–Spence tests
Wolfe–Spence Programming Aptitude tests, or Wolfe–Spence tests, are a series of tests introduced in 1972 by Jack M. Wolfe, PhD, used to determine how likely a candidate is to succeed in further classes and tests. They are administrated by Walden Personnel Testing and Consulting Inc.