Guido of Arezzo
In the 12th century, a development in teaching and learning music in a more efficient manner had arisen. Guido of Arezzo's alleged development of the Guidonian hand, more than a hundred years after his death, allowed for musicians to label a specific joint or fingertip with the gamut (also referred to as the hexachord in the modern era). Using specific joints of the hand and fingertips transformed the way one would learn and memorize solmization syllables. Not only did the Guidonian hand become a standard use in preparing music in the 12th century, its popularity grew more widespread well into the 17th and 18th century. The knowledge and use of the Guidonian hand would allow a musician to simply transpose, identify intervals, and aid in use of notation and the creation of new music. Musicians were able to sing and memorize longer sections of music and counterpoint during performances and the amount of time spent diminished dramatically.
Hand of Glory
In 1832 wrote the short story "" ("The Hand of Glory, a Macaronic Story"). The same year Aloysius Bertrand published "" ("The Hour of the Sabbat"). Guy de Maupassant made his debut with "" ("The Flayed Hand") (1875) one of his first stories in the ' under the pseudonym Joseph Prunier. Marcel Schwob wrote an uncollected short story about it: "" ("The Hand of Glory"), which was published in ' in March 11, 1893.