Epic of Gilgamesh
The "Epic of Gilgamesh" was discovered by Austen Henry Layard, Hormuzd Rassam, and W. K. Loftus in 1853. The central character of Gilgamesh was initially reintroduced to the world as ""Izdubar"", before the cuneiform logographs in his name could be pronounced accurately. The first modern translation was published in the early 1870s by George Smith. Smith then made further discoveries of texts on his later expeditions, which culminated in his final translation which is given in his book "The Chaldaean Account of Genesis" (1880).
Giš
The cuneiform giš sign, (also common for is, iṣ, and iz), is a common, multi-use sign, in the "Epic of Gilgamesh", the Amarna letters, and other cuneiform texts. It also has a major usage as a sumerogram, GIŠ, (capital letter (majuscule)) for English language ""wood"", and is used as a determinative at the beginning of words, for items made of wood. The 12 Chapters (Tablets) of the "Epic of Gilgamesh" lists 16 named items beginning with ""GIŠ"".