National Insurance number
The National Insurance number is used as a reference number in the Pay As You Earn system, and also by the self-employed. It is also used in applications for Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs), to check that an individual has opened only one ISA in a tax year.
Office of the Chief Actuary
The Office of the Chief Actuary is a government agency that has responsibility for actuarial estimates regarding social welfare programs. In Canada, the Office of the Chief Actuary works with the Canada Pension Plan and the Old Age Security Program. In the United States, both the Social Security Administration and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have an Office of the Chief Actuary that deals with Social Security and Medicare, respectively. A similar agency in the United Kingdom is called the Government Actuary's Department (GAD).