Gastric acid
The highest concentration that gastric acid reaches in the stomach is 160 mM in the canaliculi. This is about 3 million times that of arterial blood, but almost exactly isotonic with other bodily fluids. The lowest pH of the secreted acid is 0.8, but the acid is diluted in the stomach lumen to a pH between 1 and 3.
Vegetarian and vegan dog diet
Animal protein has a high acidic amino acid content (glutamic and aspartic acid), therefore, its nitrogenous metabolites that are excreted via the urine are acidic that make the normal range of a dog's urine pH 5–7. Plant-based protein is relatively lower in these acidifying amino acids, which can lead to urinary alkalization (pH > 7). Alkaline urine put dogs at an increased risk of developing strive crystals, dysuria, hematuria and obstructing the urinary tract which can have fatal outcomes. Vitamin C, potassium chloride, DL-methionine, cranberry (which promotes overall health of the urinary tract), as well as peas, brown rice, and lentils all promote GI health and urine acidification, and can be used to correct the alkalinity of urine. Acidifying ingredients should be used with caution because over-supplying a dog can lead to metabolic acidosis. Regular monitoring of the acidity of a dog's urine during the transition onto a plant-based diet, changes in the diet, and during periods of illness are recommended.