Magnetism
A very common source of magnetic field found in nature is a dipole, with a "South pole" and a "North pole", terms dating back to the use of magnets as compasses, interacting with the Earth's magnetic field to indicate North and South on the globe. Since opposite ends of magnets are attracted, the north pole of a magnet is attracted to the south pole of another magnet. The Earth's North Magnetic Pole (currently in the Arctic Ocean, north of Canada) is physically a south pole, as it attracts the north pole of a compass.
A magnetic field contains energy, and physical systems move toward configurations with lower energy. When diamagnetic material is placed in a magnetic field, a "magnetic dipole" tends to align itself in opposed polarity to that field, thereby lowering the net field strength. When ferromagnetic material is placed within a magnetic field, the magnetic dipoles align to the applied field, thus expanding the domain walls of the magnetic domains.
Nonelectrostatic electric fields
To understand the origin, let us consider a wire loop, placed in magnetic field. According to Faraday's law of induction, if the magnetic flux is changed through the loop, an emf will be induced in this. The magnetic flux may be changed by changing the area of the loop or by changing the magnetic field. Why a changing magnetic field produces current in the loop? The loop contains electrons, which don't feel magnetic field, but if the magnetic field changes, they feel it. It is customary to think that if in a given region magnetic field changes with time, an electric field is induced in this region, which causes motion of electrons in the loop. But, an electric field can be there even if we don't place a loop. So, the complete discussion will be that if the magnetic field is changing, the electric field will appear, circulating the changing magnetic field.