Speech perception
Agnosia is "the loss or diminution of the ability to recognize familiar objects or stimuli usually as a result of brain damage". There are several different kinds of agnosia that affect every one of our senses, but the two most common related to speech are speech agnosia and phonagnosia.
Associative visual agnosia
An agnosia that affects hearing, "auditory sound agnosia", is broken into subdivisions based on level of processing impaired, and a "semantic-associative" form is investigated within the auditory agnosias.