African rail
These birds probe with their bill in mud or shallow water, also picking up food by sight. They mainly eat insects, crabs and other small aquatic animals.
Porcupine ray
The porcupine ray can sometimes be observed lying still on the bottom in the open or inside caves. It is known to form groups at Ningaloo Reef. Its diet consists primarily of sipunculids, polychaete worms, crustaceans, and bony fishes. When feeding, it plows deeply into the bottom, expelling excess sediment from its spiracles in a plume visible from a long distance away. Parasites documented from this ray include the tapeworm "Rhinebothrium devaneyi", the nematode "Echinocephalus overstreeti", and the capsalid monogeneans "Dendromonocotyle urogymni" and "Neoentobdella baggioi". The porcupine ray is aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained to term by histotroph ("uterine milk") secreted by the mother. Mangrove forests serve as important habitat for juvenile rays. Males and females mature sexually at about across, respectively.