Kelp
Kelps are large brown algae seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genera.
Graus nigra
"Graus nigra" is found in the forests of giant kelp off the coast of Chile. Associated with it in this habitat are the Chilean abalone ("Concholepas concholepas"), keyhole limpets ("Fissurella" spp.), the Chilean sea urchin "Loxechinus albus", and the labrid fish Galápagos sheephead ("Semicossyphus darwini"). Other carnivorous fish in the kelp forest include the Peruvian morwong ("Cheilodactylus variegatus"), the Chilean sandperch ("Pinguipes chilensis") and the Cape redfish ("Sebastes capensis"); also present in this habitat is the herbivorous "Aplodactylus punctatus". These fish are present in the dense lower storey of the kelp forest where they feed on the benthos. If for some reason the kelp is removed or thinned, the predacious fish feed in the water column instead.