Indian Space Research Organisation
ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19April 1975. It was named after the mathematician Aryabhata. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communications satellites and earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems like GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In January 2014, ISRO used an indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLV-D5 launch of the GSAT-14.
Solrad 1
SOLRAD (SOLar RADiation) 1 was the public designation of the first satellite to successfully observe solar X-rays. Developed by the United States Navy's Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the satellite was in many ways a direct successor to Project Vanguard, the first American satellite program. It shared satellite space with and provided cover for the first in the GRAB (Galactic Radiation and Background) series, a secret electronic surveillance (ELINT) program. SOLRAD/GRAB 1 was launched into orbit with Transit 2A via Thor DM-21 Ablestar rocket on June 22, 1960, marking the first time two instrumented satellites had been orbited at once.