Hakka culture
Hakka culture () refers to the culture created by Hakka people, a Han Chinese subgroup, across Asia. It encompasses the shared language, various art forms, food culture, folklore, and traditional customs. Hakka culture stemmed from the culture of Ancient Han Chinese, who migrated from China's central plain to what is modern day's Southern China during the 6th to 13th century, and intermixed with local non-Han ethnic groups such as the Miao people. It has also been influenced by the cultures of surrounding Han Chinese groups, such as the Cantonese and the Hoklo. Having historically lived in the mountains of Southern China and being minority groups in many of the surrounding Chinese provinces, Hakka have developed a culture characterized by reservedness, stability, and frugality.
Haka
The group of people performing a haka is referred to as a "kapa haka" ("kapa" meaning "row" or "rank"). The Māori word "haka" has cognates in other Polynesian languages, for example: Tongan "haka", 'hand action while singing'; Samoan "saa", Tokelau "haka", Rarotongan "aka", Hawaiian "haa", Marquesan "haka", all meaning 'dance'; Mangarevan "aka", 'to dance in traditional fashion; dance accompanied by chant, usually of a warlike nature'. In some languages, the meaning is divergent, for example in Tikopia "saka" means to 'perform rites in traditional ritual system'. The form reconstructed for Proto-Polynesian is "*saka", deriving ultimately from Proto-Oceanic "*saŋka(g)".