Water fluoridation
Health and dental organizations worldwide have endorsed its safety and effectiveness. Its use began in 1945, following studies of children in a region where higher levels of fluoride occur naturally in the water. Further research showed that moderate fluoridation prevents tooth decay.
Mae Pu Kha
San Kamphaeng District, where Mae Pu Ka is located, is an area where the groundwater contains high levels of fluoride up to 4.8 – 15 mg/l. Certain studies found that residents’ urinary fluoride levels were elevated and that the highest risk of fluoride ingestion comes from cooking rice with fluoride-containing water because of a lack of knowledge on fluoride sources and fluoride chemistry.