Birth rate
The region of Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest birth rate in the world. As of 2016, Niger, Mali, Uganda, Zambia, and Burundi have the highest birth rates in the world. This is part of the fertility-income paradox, as these countries are very poor, and it may seem counter-intuitive for families there to have so many children. The inverse relationship between income and fertility has been termed a "demographic-economic "paradox"" by the notion that greater means would enable the production of more offspring as suggested by the influential Thomas Malthus.
List of countries by natural increase
The birth rates and death rates in columns one and two are the CIA World Factbook estimates for the year 2017 unless otherwise noted, rounded to the nearest tenth (except for Mayotte with 2010 estimates). The natural increase rate in column three is calculated from the rounded values of columns one and two.