Dmitri Mendeleev
Unaware of the earlier work on periodic tables going on in the 1860s, he made the following table:
By adding additional elements following this pattern, Mendeleev developed his extended version of the periodic table. On 6 March 1869, he made a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society, titled "The Dependence between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements", which described elements according to both atomic weight (now called "relative atomic mass") and valence. This presentation stated that
Annuity (European)
"Commutation tables", aptly so named in 1840 by Augustus De Morgan (see his paper "On the Calculation of Single Life Contingencies," "Assurance Magazine", xii. 328), show the proportion in which a benefit due at one age ought to be changed, so as to retain the same value and be due at another age. The earliest known specimen of a commutation table is contained in William Dale's "Introduction to the Study of the Doctrine of Annuities", published in 1772. A full account of this work is given by F. Hendriks in the second number of the "Assurance Magazine", pp. 15–17. William Morgan's "Treatise on Assurances", 1779, also contains a commutation table. Morgan gives the table as furnishing a convenient means of checking the correctness of the values of annuities found by the ordinary process. It may be assumed that he was aware that the table might be used for the direct calculation of annuities; but he appears to have been ignorant of its other uses.