Linguistic rights
The constitution of India was first drafted on January 26, 1950. It is estimated that there are about 1500 languages in India. Article 343–345 declared that the official languages of India for communication with centre will be Hindi and English. There are 22 official languages identified by constitution. Article 345 states that "the Legislature of a state may by law adopt any one or more of the languages in use in the State or Hindi as the language or languages to be used for all or any of the official purposes of that State: Provided that, until the Legislature of the State otherwise provides by law, the English language shall continue to be used for those official purposes within the State for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of this Constitution".
Language secessionism
The national language of Pakistan and official languages in many parts of India, the Khariboli dialect has become the chief language variety for use in Hindi and Urdu. Grammatically, Hindi and Urdu are the same but differ in their lexicons. Hindi tends to revitalize its Sanskrit words and purges words borrowed from Persian and Arabic while Urdu does the opposite. In essence, apart from their scripts, the lexicon is what distinguishes Urdu and Hindi. Also, there are other Indo-Aryan languages that are classed as Hindi but are not necessarily the same as Hindi and Urdu. Their dialects are close to the Khariboli dialect, which sets the grammatical standard over other Indo-Aryan languages both far and near. These languages will tend to diverge, especially through the influence and accents of surrounding native languages in the communities.