Periodic table (detailed cells)
Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev invented the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.
Edgar James Banks
Banks is credited with the discovery of the Plimpton 322 tablet in Southern Iraq. It is believed to be the world’s oldest trigonometric table, predating Hipparchus by around 1000 years and, using base 60, also the most accurate trigonometric table, avoiding inexact numbers. It thus displayed knowledge of the Pythagorean theorem long before the birth of Pythagoras himself. The ancient cuneiform tablet was sold to the New York publisher George Arthur Plimpton, reportedly for $10. It was housed in Plimpton's private collection before being donated to Columbia University upon Plimpton's death. The artifact, now famously known as Plimpton 322 (denoting that it is the 322nd item in the catalog), has provided great insight into the Babylonian era mathematics.