Jesus in the Talmud
In the first few centuries CE, there were many sects of Judaism (such as Pharisees, Essenes, and Sadducees) each claiming to be the correct faith. Some scholars treat Christianity, during that era, referred to as Early Christianity, as simply one of many sects of Judaism. Some sects wrote polemics advocating their position, and occasionally disparaging rival sects. Some scholars view the depictions of Jesus in the Talmud as a manifestation of those inter-sect rivalries – thus the depictions can be read as polemics by the rabbinic authors of the Talmud which indirectly criticized the rival sect (Christianity), which was growing and becoming more dominant.
Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism may be categorized according to varying criteria. The most recognizable sub-group are the "Haredim" (literally, "anxious" or "fervent"), also known as Ultra-Orthodox, strictly Orthodox and the like. They form the conservative, strict and self-segregating part of the Orthodox spectrum. "Haredim" are characterized by a minimal engagement with modern society and culture if not their wholesale rejection, by avowed precedence given to religious values, and by a high degree of rabbinic authority and involvement in daily life. In spite of many differences, "Haredi" rabbis and communities generally recognize each other as such, and therefore accord respect and legitimacy between them. They also hold a lukewarm or negative assessment of more modernist Orthodox groups. "Haredim" are easily discerned by their mode of dress, often all black for men and modest by religious standards for women (including hair covering, long skirts, etc.)