Wasp
Wasps first appeared in the fossil record in the Jurassic, and diversified into many surviving superfamilies by the Cretaceous. They are a successful and diverse group of insects with tens of thousands of described species; wasps have spread to all parts of the world except for the polar regions. The largest social wasp is the Asian giant hornet, at up to in length; among the largest solitary wasps is a group of species known as tarantula hawks, along with the giant scoliid of Indonesia ("Megascolia procer"). The smallest wasps are solitary chalcid wasps in the family Mymaridae, including the world's smallest known insect, with a body length of only , and the smallest known flying insect, only long.
Polistes carnifex
Polistes carnifex, also known as the executioner wasp, is a neotropical vespid wasp in the cosmopolitan genus "Polistes" and has been noted as having the most painful sting out of all discovered insect species. The wasp is native to Central and South America. It is a very large yellow and brown paper wasp that establishes small colonies which build nests under the eaves of buildings or suspended from branches. The colonies are often founded by solitary queens, many times in the form of winter aggregations to wait until environmental conditions are more suitable for building a colony. Not all nests have a female with developed ovaries. Foraging adults bring nectar and caterpillars back to the nest to feed to the developing larvae which are individually housed in separate cells in the nest. adaptations include mandibles and teeth. Worker-queen conflict, worker policing, and dominance interactions all come into play for the species. and has not been observed to be parasitized. These species tend to live from 6 months to 18 months, making it the longest-living wasp known to date.