History of anthropology
The first use of the term "anthropology" in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in Richard Harvey's 1593 "Philadelphus, a defense of the legend of Brutus in British history", which, includes the passage: "Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, Actes which they did. This part of History is named Anthropology."
Human taxonomy
The discovery of the first extinct archaic human species from the fossil record dates to the mid 19th century, "Homo neanderthalensis", classified in 1864. Since then, a number of other archaic species have been named, but there is no universal consensus as to their exact number. After the discovery of "H. neanderthalensis", which even if "archaic" is recognizable as clearly human, late 19th to early 20th century anthropology for a time was occupied with finding the supposedly "missing link" between "Homo" and "Pan". The "Piltdown Man" hoax of 1912 was the (fraudulent) presentation of such a transitional species. Since the mid-20th century, knowledge of the development of "Hominini" has become much more detailed, and taxonomical terminology has been altered a number of times to reflect this.