Periodic table (detailed cells)
Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev invented the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.
Plane table
The earliest mention of a plane table dates to 1551 in Abel Foullon's ""Usage et description de l'holomètre"", published in Paris. However, since Foullon's description was of a complete, fully developed instrument, it must have been invented earlier.