Metal hydroxide
Metal hydroxides are also known as strong bases. Many common metal hydroxides are made up from hydroxide ions and the ion of the particular metal that it is made up of. Example: When NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is dissolved in water, it forms OH ions and Na ions. Metal hydroxides ionize completely when dissolved, so that is why they are known as strong bases. Their pH is above 7, labeling them as bases. Since ions conduct electricity, metal hydroxides carry electricity very well when they are dissolved.In soils, it is assumed that larger amounts of natural phenols are released from decomposing plant litter rather than from throughfall in any natural plant community. Decomposition of dead plant material causes complex organic compounds to be slowly oxidized (lignin-like humus) or to break down into simpler forms (sugars and amino sugars, aliphatic and phenolic organic acids), which are further transformed into microbial biomass (microbial humus) or are reorganized, and further oxidized, into humic assemblages (fulvic and humic acids), which bind to clay minerals and metal hydroxides.
Aluminium hydroxide
Gibbsite is also known as hydrargillite, named after the Greek words for water (') and clay ('). The first compound named "hydrargillite" was thought to be aluminium hydroxide, but was later found to be aluminium phosphate; despite this, both "gibbsite" and "hydrargillite" are used to refer to the same polymorphism of aluminium hydroxide, with "gibbsite" used most commonly in the United States and "hydrargillite" used more often in Europe. In 1930, it was referred to as "α-alumina trihydrate" to contrast it with bayerite, which was called "β-alumina trihydrate" (the alpha and beta designations were used to differentiate the more- and less-common forms respectively). In 1957, a symposium on alumina nomenclature attempted to develop a universal standard, resulting in gibbsite being designated γ-Al(OH), bayerite becoming α-Al(OH), and nordstrandite being designated Al(OH). Based on their crystallographic properties, a suggested nomenclature and designation is for gibbsite to be α-Al(OH), bayerite to be designated β-Al(OH), and both nordstrandite and doyleite are designated Al(OH). Under this designation, the α and β prefixes refer to hexagonal, close-packed structures and altered or dehydrated polymorphisms respectively, with no differentiation between nordstrandite and doyleite.