Algorithm
The word "algorithm" itself derives from the 9th century mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Latinized "Algoritmi". A partial formalization of what would become the modern concept of algorithm began with attempts to solve the Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem) posed by David Hilbert in 1928. Later formalizations were framed as attempts to define "effective calculability" or "effective method". Those formalizations included the Gödel–Herbrand–Kleene recursive functions of 1930, 1934 and 1935, Alonzo Church's lambda calculus of 1936, Emil Post's Formulation 1 of 1936, and Alan Turing's Turing machines of 1936–37 and 1939.
Logistics
The term "" is attested in English from 1846, and is from , where it was either coined or popularized by military officer and writer Antoine-Henri Jomini, who defined it in his "Summary of the Art of War" (). The term appears in the 1830 edition, then titled "Analytic Table" ("Tableau Analytique"), and Jomini explains that it is derived from (cognate to English ), in the terms and :
The term is credited to Jomini, and the term and its etymology criticized by in 1832, writing:
Chambray also notes that the term was present in the "" as a synonym for algebra.