Health in Malaysia
Leptospirosis is a water contract disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospirabacterial. It is a disease that affects both humans and animals. The number of leptospirosis cases had steadily increased from 2011 (2,268 cases with 55 death) to 2015 (8,291 cases with 78 death) and 5,284 cases with 52 death in 2016. Leptospirosis can have important health impact and is a burden to the nation if not well controlled. Addressing leptospisoris includes maintain a clean environment and by not swimming or wading in water that might be contaminated with animal urine, or eliminating contact with potentially infected animals.
Manoa Falls Trail
The Hawaiian State Department of Health discourages swimming and wading in the small pools surrounding the trail and waterfall. This is because of a bacterial disease called Leptospirosis, which is common in tropical climates such as Hawaii and is found in freshwater. The disease can be passed down from animals to humans, and rats and mice are the most common sources in Hawaii. The disease can cause mild to moderate flu-like symptoms that can last for up to 1 to 2 weeks. There are signs throughout the trail that warn visitors of risk of bacteria in the water, and possible landslides.