Microglia
Research has discovered dystrophic (defective development) human microglia. "These cells are characterized by abnormalities in their cytoplasmic structure, such as deramified, atrophic, fragmented or unusually tortuous processes, frequently bearing spheroidal or bulbous swellings." The incidence of dystrophic microglia increases with aging. Microglial degeneration and death have been reported in research on Prion disease, Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, indicating that microglial deterioration might be involved in neurodegenerative diseases. A complication of this theory is the fact that it is difficult to distinguish between "activated" and "dystrophic" microglia in the human brain.
Microcotyle cepolae
"Microcotyle cepolae" was first described by Yamaguti in 1938. In 1972, Caballero y Caballero and Bravo-Hollis erected the genus "Paramicrocotyle" to describe "Paramicrocotyle tampicensis" and "Paramicrocotyle atriobursata" off Mexico, and placed within this genus sixteen species previously assigned to the genus "Microcotyle" including "M. cepolae". However, this species was returned to the genus "Microcotyle" by Mamaev in 1986.