Punti-Hakka Clan Wars
Over time the newcomers adopted the term "Hakka" to refer to themselves, not least due to the migratory tendencies inherent in their own culture. However, because the term also covers Hakka speakers (in the same way that Punti covered several people speaking different tongues), and because the Han Chinese registered as Guest Families who migrated may not have been Hakka speakers, and because of intermarriages among Hakka and Punti members (which showed that relations between the two were very good at times), identification as Hakka was largely a matter of self-selection. Through studies of both Cantonese and Hakka genealogies, some Hakka and Punti people with the same surnames claim the same ancestors, although their descendants strongly identify with one group to the exclusion of the other.
Haka
The group of people performing a haka is referred to as a "kapa haka" ("kapa" meaning "row" or "rank"). The Māori word "haka" has cognates in other Polynesian languages, for example: Tongan "haka", 'hand action while singing'; Samoan "saa", Tokelau "haka", Rarotongan "aka", Hawaiian "haa", Marquesan "haka", all meaning 'dance'; Mangarevan "aka", 'to dance in traditional fashion; dance accompanied by chant, usually of a warlike nature'. In some languages, the meaning is divergent, for example in Tikopia "saka" means to 'perform rites in traditional ritual system'. The form reconstructed for Proto-Polynesian is "*saka", deriving ultimately from Proto-Oceanic "*saŋka(g)".