Aryldialkylphosphatase
Organophosphate is the general name for esters of phosphoric acid and is one of the organophosphorus compounds. They can be found as part of insecticides, herbicides, and nerve gases, amongst others. Some less-toxic organophosphates can be used as solvents, plasticizers, and EP additives. The use of organophosphates accounts for approximately 38% of all pesticide use globally.
Organophosphorus compound
Compounds where phosphorus exists in a formal oxidation state of less than III are uncommon, but examples are known for each class. Organophosphorus(0) species are debatably illustrated by the carbene adducts, [P(NHC)], where NHC is an N-heterocyclic carbene. With the formulae (RP) and (RP), respectively, compounds of phosphorus(I) and (II) are generated by reduction of the related organophosphorus(III) chlorides:
Diphosphenes, with the formula RP, formally contain phosphorus-phosphorus double bonds. These phosphorus(I) species are rare but are stable provided that the organic substituents are large enough to prevent catenation. Many mixed-valence compounds are known, e.g. the cage P(CH).