Gas giant
The smallest known extrasolar planet that is likely a "gas planet" is Kepler-138d, which has the same mass as Earth but is 60% larger and therefore has a density that indicates a thick gas envelope.
Sub-Earth
The "Kepler" space telescope opened the realm of sub-Earths by its discovery of them. On January 10, 2012, Kepler discovered the first three sub-Earths around an ordinary star, Kepler-42. As of June 2014, Kepler has 45 confirmed planets that are smaller than Earth, with 17 of them being smaller than 0.8 R. In addition, there are over 310 planet candidates with an estimated radius of <1R, with 135 of them being smaller than 0.8 R.