James Tobin
James Tobin (March 5, 1918 – March 11, 2002) was an American economist who served on the Council of Economic Advisers and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and taught at Harvard and Yale Universities. He developed the ideas of Keynesian economics, and advocated government intervention to stabilize output and avoid recessions. His academic work included pioneering contributions to the study of investment, monetary and fiscal policy and financial markets. He also proposed an econometric model for censored endogenous variables, the well-known "Tobit model". Tobin received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1981.
James Tobin (planter)
Tobin was one of a group of writers who defended the existing institution of slavery, based on experience in the Caribbean, that included also Samuel Estwick, Edward Long, Richard Nisbet who published "Slavery not Forbidden by Scripture" (1773), and Philip Thicknesse. He was drawn into controversy by the views of James Ramsay, expressed in "An Essay on the Treatment and Conversion of African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies" of 1784; and published a number of works:Tobin was addressed personally by Ramsay in "A Letter to James Tobin, Esq., late member of His Majesty's Council in the island of Nevis" (1787). He replied in:The 1786 "Essay on Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species" by Thomas Clarkson deals with Tobin as the "Cursory Remarker". In 1787, Ottobah Cugoano responded to a number of authors defending enslavement, including Tobin, in "Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil and Wicked Traffic of the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species". Olaudah Equiano replied to Tobin in 1788, in "The Public Advertiser", attacking two of his pamphlets, and also a related book from 1786 by Gordon Turnbull. Hector Macneill wrote positively about Tobin's "Cursory Remarks" in his "Observations on the Treatment of the Negroes in Jamaica" (1788).