Algorithm
The word "algorithm" itself derives from the 9th century mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Latinized "Algoritmi". A partial formalization of what would become the modern concept of algorithm began with attempts to solve the Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem) posed by David Hilbert in 1928. Later formalizations were framed as attempts to define "effective calculability" or "effective method". Those formalizations included the Gödel–Herbrand–Kleene recursive functions of 1930, 1934 and 1935, Alonzo Church's lambda calculus of 1936, Emil Post's Formulation 1 of 1936, and Alan Turing's Turing machines of 1936–37 and 1939.
Etymology of chemistry
In the history of science, the etymology of the word chemistry is debatable. It is agreed that the word derives from the word "alchemy", which is a European one, derived from "kimiya" () and alchemy "al-kīmiyāʾ" (). The Arabic term is derived from the Ancient Greek "khēmia" or "khēmeia". However, the ultimate origin of the root word, "chem", is uncertain.