Health in Malaysia
Leptospirosis is a water contract disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospirabacterial. It is a disease that affects both humans and animals. The number of leptospirosis cases had steadily increased from 2011 (2,268 cases with 55 death) to 2015 (8,291 cases with 78 death) and 5,284 cases with 52 death in 2016. Leptospirosis can have important health impact and is a burden to the nation if not well controlled. Addressing leptospisoris includes maintain a clean environment and by not swimming or wading in water that might be contaminated with animal urine, or eliminating contact with potentially infected animals.
Caspase 11
Caspase-11 has been shown to contribute to lethality in mouse models of sepsis. Toxic shock and sepsis may occur if too many host cells undergo pyroptosis, owing to either overstimulation of the immune system by the released cytoplasmic contents or to host cell depletion. The mechanism by which pyroptosis contributes to septic shock and death is not well understood, although HMGB1 release is thought to play a role.