Guido of Arezzo
In the 12th century, a development in teaching and learning music in a more efficient manner had arisen. Guido of Arezzo's alleged development of the Guidonian hand, more than a hundred years after his death, allowed for musicians to label a specific joint or fingertip with the gamut (also referred to as the hexachord in the modern era). Using specific joints of the hand and fingertips transformed the way one would learn and memorize solmization syllables. Not only did the Guidonian hand become a standard use in preparing music in the 12th century, its popularity grew more widespread well into the 17th and 18th century. The knowledge and use of the Guidonian hand would allow a musician to simply transpose, identify intervals, and aid in use of notation and the creation of new music. Musicians were able to sing and memorize longer sections of music and counterpoint during performances and the amount of time spent diminished dramatically.
The Green Hand Gang
The group was formed by Ahmed Tafish in October 1929 following a number of attacks on Jewish communities during the 1929 Palestine riots and the Safed massacre of August 1929. Its first operation was against the Jewish quarter of Safed in cooperation with local supporters in the town. In the following month the group was augmented by the arrival of several Druze fighters. including Fuad el Libnani, who had taken part in the 1925 Great Syrian Revolt against the French. In November, following a second attack on Jews in Safed the British authorities sent Palestine Police reinforcements to the area. The group then moved its activities to Acre district where they attacked police patrols. In December British army troops were sent into the area. The authorities were assisted by the French regime in Syria who increased their patrols on the Syria-Palestine border. During the first two months of 1930, the British succeeded in capturing sixteen of Green Hand members and breaking up the gang. During the summer of 1930, Ahmed Tafish was arrested in Transjordan.