Europe
In 2017, the population of Europe was estimated to be 742 million according to , which is slightly more than one-ninth of the world's population. This number includes Asian Russia (Siberia, about 36 million people) but excludes the European part of Turkey, Cyprus and the Transcaucasian countries.
A century ago, Europe had nearly a quarter of the world's population. The population of Europe has grown in the past century, but in other areas of the world (in particular Africa and Asia) the population has grown far more quickly. Among the continents, Europe has a relatively high population density, second only to Asia. Most of Europe is in a mode of Sub-replacement fertility, which means that each new(-born) generation is being less populous than the older.
The most densely populated country in Europe (and in the world) is the microstate of Monaco.
List of European cities by population within city limits
It is notable that Istanbul's commercial and historical center lies on the European side, and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side. 64.7% of the residents live on the European side, and 35.3% on the Asian side. According to the population within city limits value listed below, the city as a whole is more populous than Moscow. However, the European side is not as populous as Moscow.
Note: The cities are sorted by official population. Cities in bold are capital cities of their respective countries. Only cities with more than 1 million people are listed.