When was Ion Călugăru born?
Ion Călugăru
Ion Călugăru (; born Ștrul Leiba Croitoru, also known as Buium sin Strul-Leiba Croitoru, B. Croitoru; February 14, 1902 – May 22, 1956) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and critic. As a figure on Romania's modernist scene throughout the early interwar period, he was noted for combining a picturesque perspective on the rural Jewish-Romanian community, to which he belonged, with traditionalist and avant-garde elements. His early works, including the novel "Copilăria unui netrebnic" ("The Childhood of a Ne'er-do-well"), bring together elements of Social Realism, Surrealism and Expressionism over a conventional narrative line based on oral tradition and the classics of Romanian literature. Călugăru, who moved from the moderate "Contimporanul" magazine to the Surrealist platform "unu", was also one of the main contributors to "Integral", a tribune for avant-garde literature in general. Although publicly known for his socialist convictions and his far left inclinations, he was, through his position at "Cuvântul" newspaper, present in the proximity of fascist circles, and had an ambiguous attitude toward his employer, the far right thinker Nae Ionescu.
Tudor Șoimaru
Gheorghe Drăgușanu (December 29, 1898 – September 18, 1967), known under the pseudonym Tudor Șoimaru, was a Romanian literary critic, the founder, together with Vladimir Streinu, Șerban Cioculescu and Pompiliu Constantinescu, of "Kalende" magazine in 1928.
Ion Călugăru
The "Casa șoarecilor" pieces, which are the last stories ever published under Ion Călugăru's name, do not comply with the Socialist Realist canon. The volume's first section, titled "Schițe fără umor" ("Humorless Sketches"), comprise literary portraits and musings. Critic Simona Vasilache notes that such fragments revolve around the author's subjective perception of the world: "Not all the phrases make sense, not all the scenes have depth, that being because Călugăru's search is not one for clarity but, quite the contrary, for the vapor. The sensation of memory, more precious than the reasoned test of memory." The volume, she notes, comprises elements from all the stages in Călugăru's early career, from "the lyrical exercises of youth" to "lively dialogues, written with good craftsmanship". The stories mark a return to Călugăru's preoccupation with rural and suburban life. They introduce characters who live meager existence on the margin of society, such as the Tatar Mahmud, hanged on cherry tree, and the philosophical Jewish salesman Șmelche. One piece, believed by Vasilache to echo the sketches of Romania's 19th century classic Ion Luca Caragiale, shows a female shopkeeper on the night of her husband's death, struggling between closing the establishment to mark his death or keeping it open to pay for his funeral. Other fragments resurrect Buiumaș and some other protagonists of "Copilăria...". The eponymous story begins with the boy and his mother inquiring about a possible inheritance from a relative in Japan, and culminates in describing the hypnotic effect of mice swarming around the local post office. One other short narrative shows Buiumaș lecturing his playmates about justice and sin, described by Vasilache as a strange outcome: "A child would have found any other means. That is why the sketches' endings are puzzling, depicting, with stinginess in words and even more stinginess in deeds, a world that is no longer itself."
Ion Călugăru
While contributing to "Integral", Ion Călugăru also began his relationship with experimental literature. The early products of this new preoccupation were prose fragments like "Domnișoara Lot" ("Miss Lot"), which used intertextuality, reworking themes borrowed from classical works of literature, in a manner also employed at the time by his colleague Jacques G. Costin. Like Vinea, Felix Aderca and Adrian Maniu, Călugăru was thought by some to be indebted to the early avant-garde figure Urmuz. This view was criticized by Călugăru's contemporary, modernist literary chronicler Perpessicius, who noted that all these authors had matured before Urmuz was even discovered by the literary establishment, and as such that they could not be considered Urmuz's pupils (an assessment described by Cernat as "singular, although somewhat amendable"). In contrast, Perpessicius' colleague Pompiliu Constantinescu included Călugăru among those modernists who incorporated Urmuz's brand of absurdism in works they wrote well into their careers. According to Cernat, Călugăru's texts, like those of his various colleagues, have assimilated the "Urmuz effect".
Ion I. C. Brătianu
Ion I. C. Brătianu (, also known as Ionel Brătianu; 20 August 1864 – 24 November 1927) was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL), Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Brătianu, the brother of Vintilă and Dinu Brătianu, and the father of Gheorghe I. Brătianu. Ion I. C. Brătianu's political activities after World War I, including part of his third and fourth term, saw the unification of the Old Romanian Kingdom with Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia ("see: Greater Romania"). In 1923, he was elected an honorary member of the Romanian Academy.
Ion Suru
Ion Suru (20 October 1927 – 1979) was a Romanian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Ion Călugăru
In "Don Juan Cocoșatul", the hunchback hero, Pablo Ghligal, finds himself an object of female erotic and morbid curiosity, but is nevertheless marginalized socially. Călinescu found "Don Juan Cocoșatul" to be Călugăru's "moral autobiography", interpreting the hump as an allusion to the difficulties faced by Romanian Jews before and after emancipation. Contrarily, a rumor recorded by Vlaicu Bârna suggested that the true story at the basis of the book was a Teleorman landowner, known to Călugăru from the anecdotes told by Zaharia Stancu.
Ion Popescu
Ion Popescu (1830 – 1901) was a Romanian teacher and writer. He was born in northern Transylvania and attended school in Baia Mare and Cluj.
Ion Creangă
After returning to school between late 1849 and early 1850, Creangă was pulled out by his financially struggling father, spent the following period working in wool-spinning, and became known by the occupational nickname "Torcălău" ("Spinster"). He only returned in third grade some four years later, having been sent to the Târgu Neamț public school, newly founded by Moldavian Prince Grigore Alexandru Ghica as part of the "Regulamentul Organic" string of reforms. A colleague of future philosopher Vasile Conta in the class of priest and theologian Isaia "Popa Duhu" Teodorescu, Creangă was sent to the Fălticeni seminary in 1854. After having been registered as "Ioan Ștefănescu" (a variant of his given name and a family name based on his patronymic), the adolescent student eventually adopted his maternal surname of "Creangă". According to Călinescu, this was done either "for aesthetic reasons" (as his new name, literally meaning "branch" or "bough", "sounds good") or because of a likely discovery that Ștefan was not his real father. Dan Grădinaru, a researcher of Creangă's work, believes that the writer had a special preference for the variant "Ioan", generally used in more learned circles, instead of the variant "Ion" that was consecrated by his biographers.
Ion Luca Caragiale
Ion Luca made his literary debut in 1873, at the age of 21, with poems and humorous chronicles printed in G. Dem. Teodorescu's liberal-inspired satirical magazine "Ghimpele". He published relatively few articles under various pen names—among them "Car.", the contraction of his family name, and the more elaborate "Palicar". He mostly performed basic services for the editorial staff and its printing press, given that, after Luca Caragiali died in 1870, he was the sole provider for his mother and sister. Following his return to Bucharest, he became even more involved with the radical and republican wing of the liberal trend—a movement commonly referred to as "the Reds". As he later confessed, he frequently attended its congresses, witnessing the speeches held by Reds leader C. A. Rosetti; he thus became intimately acquainted with a Populist discourse, which he later parodied in his works. Working for "Ghimpele", he made the acquaintance of republican writer N. T. Orăşanu.
Ion Buga
Ion Buga (born February 16, 1935) is a Moldovan politician and history professor.
Virgil Măgureanu
Virgil Măgureanu, (; born March 19, 1941) is a Romanian sociologist that was the head of the main intelligence service of Romania, Serviciul Român de Informații, or SRI (Romanian Intelligence Service) between March 26, 1990 and April 25, 1997 (when he resigned following a disclosure about his personal wealth, made at television while Virgil Măgureanu was among the invited people).
Ionel Gherea
Ionel Gherea, also known as Ioan Dobrogeanu-Gherea or Ion D. Gherea (Francized "J. D. Ghéréa"; 1895 – November 5, 1978), was a Romanian philosopher, essayist, and concert pianist. The son of Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, a Marxist theoretician and critic, and the brother of communist militant Alexandru "Sașa" Gherea, he discarded their political and literary influence, being more interested in the aestheticism of his brother-in-law, Paul Zarifopol. As a youth, Zarifopol took him to meet playwright Ion Luca Caragiale and his family. Gherea's debut as a writer was a 1920 novel written jointly with Luca Caragiale, which was also his only contribution to the genre.
Ion Bălăceanu
Ion Bălăceanu (January 25, 1828 – December 22, 1914) was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from January 30, 1876 until March 31, 1876 during the existence of United Principalities. Bălăceanu is considered one of the most active foreign ministers who promoted closer alliances of Romania with Great Britain and France rather than with Germany and Russia.
Ion Luca Caragiale
Originally, Ion Luca was known as "Ioanne L. Caragiali". His family and friends knew him as "Iancu" or, rarely, "Iancuţu"—both being antiquated hypocoristics of "Ion". The definitive full version of his features the syllable "ca" twice in a row, which is generally avoided in Romanian due to its scatological connotations. It has however become one of the few cacophonies accepted by the Romanian Academy.
Ion Călugăru
Shortly after this period, Călugăru became one of the contributors to Ion Vinea's modernist magazine "Contimporanul". Later that decade however, he parted with this group and began working with the original representatives of Romanian Surrealism, contributing his works to publications such as "Integral" (which he helped establish) and "unu". He was also a member of "Integral"s editorial staff, alongside writers Brunea-Fox and Voronca, with artist M. H. Maxy as administrative director. In doing so, he broke with Vinea's moderation, eclecticism and political ambiguity to side with what was the more radical and most explicitly left-wing tendency among young writers. In 1932 however, Călugăru was, with poet N. Davidescu, novelist Sergiu Dan, journalists Nicolae Carandino and Henric Streitman, and writer-director Sandu Eliad, a member of the editorial staff for Vinea's daily "Facla".
Ion Zlătaru
Ion Zlătaru (born 17 November 1927) was a Romanian boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Ioan Kalinderu
Born in Bucharest on December 28 or 29, 1840, his father was Lazăr (Lazaros) Kalenderoglu (or Calenderoglu). Of possible Smyrniote origin, the family functioned as one of the largest banking and exporting institutions in Wallachia, and then in the United Principalities. Lazăr had risen into the ranks of Wallachia's boyar nobility: joining the Bucharest local government in 1838, 1844, and 1847, he was awarded the title of "pitar", advancing to "paharnic" in the 1850s. His son would later falsely claim that the Kalenderoglus played a part in the Wallachian Revolution of 1848, although Lazăr is known to have held relevant positions in the National Party in 1857, briefly serving as its chairman alongside Constantin A. Crețulescu. The last-ever tenant and tax collector of Predeal customs, Kalenderoglu had his estate in Olt County, outside Colonești, reduced during the land reform of 1864. Another of his estates, at Bălcești, was repurchased by the Bălcescu boyars. However, he still left Ioan the manor of Schitu-Greci.
Ion Pillat
Ion Pillat (March 31, 1891 in Bucharest – April 17, 1945 in Bucharest) was a distinguished Romanian poet. He is best known for his volume "Pe Argeș în sus" ("Upstream on the Argeș") and "Poeme într-un vers" ("One-line poems").
Ion Călugăru
According to Iron Guard member and journalist N. Roșu, Călugăru and Sebastian were among those called upon by Ionescu in autumn 1933, to be informed that the paper was backing revolutionary fascism. Commenting on this testimony, cultural historian Z. Ornea concludes that, even though the Iron Guard activist Vasile Marin was then made a member of the editorial staff, "nobody left, perhaps thinking that this was a temporary tactic". The writer additionally met with young members of Ionescu's "Trăirist" circle, befriending the young Orientalist, novelist and philosopher Mircea Eliade. Eliade, who saw the opportunity of turning "Cuvântul" into a venue for dialogue between far right and Marxist intellectuals, also befriended the PCR member (and suspected "Siguranța" double agent) Bellu Zilber, who was by then a friend of Călugăru's.
Dimitrie Călugăreanu
Călugăreanu was born in Pomârla, Botoșani County; his parents were the possibly illiterate peasants Constantin and Glicheria. After obtaining a scholarship, he attended the natural sciences department of the University of Iași science faculty, from which he graduated in 1894. He then enrolled in the medical faculty of the University of Berlin. In 1902, he received a doctorate in natural sciences from the University of Paris, his thesis topic being research into hemolysis through experimental physiology and physical chemistry. He was an assistant at the University of Iași morphology laboratory from 1894 to 1897.
Ioan Kalinderu
Ioan Lazăr Kalinderu (born Calenderoglu, also known as Iancu Kalinderu, Ioan Kelenderu, Ioanŭ Calenderu, or Jean Kalindéro; December 28 or 29, 1840 – December 11, 1913) was a Wallachian, later Romanian jurist and confidant of King Carol I, who served for thirty years as the administrator of crown domains, and for three years as president of the Romanian Academy. Educated in France, he was the son of a rich and influential Greek-Romanian banker, Lazăr Kalenderoglu, and the brother of physician Nicolae Kalinderu. Like them, he was a sympathizer of the National Liberal Party, with which he debuted in politics in the 1880s.
Ion Sân-Giorgiu
Ion Sân-Giorgiu (also known as Sîn-Giorgiu, Sângiorgiu or Sîngiorgiu; 1893–1950) was a Romanian modernist poet, dramatist, essayist, literary and art critic, also known as a journalist, academic, and fascist politician. He was notably the author of works on the Sturm und Drang phenomenon and the influence of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. During his early years, he was influenced by Expressionism and contributed to the literary magazine "Gândirea"; he progressively moved towards support for the Iron Guard (the Legionary Movement), edited the far right journal "Chemarea Vremii", and spent his last years as a member of Horia Sima's government in exile.
Constantin Al. Ionescu-Caion
Constantin Al. Ionescu-Caion (, born Constantin Alexandru Ionescu and commonly known as Caion; 1882 – November or December 1918) was a Romanian journalist and poet, primarily remembered for his legal dispute with humorist Ion Luca Caragiale. He was a Symbolist, a disciple of Alexandru Macedonski, and a militant Francophile, as well as a leading opponent of literary tradition. His scattered work comprises essays, short stories and prose poetry, noted for their cultural references, but made little impact on Romanian literature. As a journalist, Caion prioritized scandals, accusing Caragiale of plagiarism and losing the subsequent celebrity trial of 1902, before partly recanting and winning the retrial. Despite his own coquetries with Romanian nationalism, Caion focused his verve on Transylvania's contemporary nationalist literary current.
Ion Gorun
Ion Gorun (pen name of Alexandru I. Hodoș; December 30, 1863–March 30, 1928) was an Imperial Austrian-born Romanian prose writer, poet and translator.
Ion Păun-Pincio
Ion Păun-Pincio (born Ion Păun; August 17, 1868–December 31, 1894) was a Romanian poet.
Ionuț Țăran
Ionuţ Dorin Ţăran (born April 8, 1987) is a Romanian luger who has competed since 1999.
Ion Călugăru
Other authors have retrospectively questioned Călugăru's overall value, taking in view his political status. According to historian and novelist Ioan Lăcustă, Călugăru owed his promotion "not so much to his literary talent, but to the fact that he had rushed in, like many other intellectuals, writers, artists etc., to support and popularize the new regime's accomplishments." Writing in 2006, Nicolae Manolescu opined: "Nobody speaks today of Ion Călugăru [...], who was considered a promise during the 1930s. [...] Călugăru's literature was overvalued after 1948 not least of all because of [his] communist sympathies". He dismissed "Oțel și pîine" as "mere realist-socialist pulp", and defined "Copilăria..." as Călugăru's "one legible work". Henri Zalis commented on the mutation of Călugăru's "playful" spirit into "diffuse proletkult", and suggested that the writer may have thus been seduced by the idea of revenging his own persecution by wartime antisemites. "Oțel și pîine", Zalis thought, was a "rudimentary appendix to forceful industrialization".
Lascăr Catargiu
Lascăr Catargiu ( or Lascăr Catargi; 1 November 1823 – ) was a Romanian conservative statesman born in Moldavia. He belonged to an ancient Wallachian family, one of whose members had been banished in the 17th century by Prince Matei Basarab, and had settled in Moldavia.
Ion Călugăru
A native of Dorohoi "shtetl", in the historical region of Moldavia, Ion Călugăru spent his early years in relative cultural isolation among the local Jewish community. This environment, which was later the main focus of his literary work, was described by literary historian Ovid Crohmălniceanu as "not actually a ghetto life", but made distinct from other environments for being both Jewish and Moldavian. Researcher Paul Cernat also noted that Călugăru, like his future Surrealist colleague Benjamin Fondane, illustrated the Jewish section of the Romanian avant-garde and its connections with the local Hasidic tradition.
Ion Călugăru
According to Ovid Crohmălniceanu, Călugăru produced "the most substantial" literature among those interwar modernists who drew inspiration from observing isolated social environments. The peculiarities of his preferred settings are underlined by Călugăru's many references to Judaic religious practice, Jewish lore and the Hebrew Bible, in which critics have seen the backbone of Călugăru's originality within the realm of Romanian literature. Literary historian Henri Zalis, who comments on the books' mix of grotesque, comedic and tragic elements, also notes their ethnographic character: "The narrator composes a veritable spiritual census [...] of ceremonies—births, weddings, [...] "Kol Nidre", "Purim", "Pesach" and so on, that are perfectly distinguished. This initiative grants the author a first-rate role for whomever shall wish to find out how the Jews of these places were living decades ago, in most communities that were attractive in ethnographic, social and sacrificial terms, thereafter exposed to Antonescu-ordered extermination, and, during the repressive communist regime, to a massive uprooting." In several instances, these sources of inspiration were intertwined with influences form Romanian folklore and the oral traditions of his Moldavian birthplaces: several exegetes have argued that the various short stories published by Călugăru in the 1920s display the influence of Romania's classical storyteller Ion Creangă, while literary historian George Călinescu found them reminiscent of, but superior to, the writings of Bukovinan raconteur Emanoil Grigorovitza. According to Paul Cernat, both Călugăru and Fondane had participated in creating "a true cult" for Tudor Arghezi, who similarly mixed traditionalist and modernist influences, and who significantly affected their stylistic choices. While discussing Călugăru and Fondane's roots in Hasidic tradition, Cernat noted that both writers also moved toward "Expressionist "écorchés"" in either prose (Călugăru) or poetry (Fondane).
Ion Creangă
The family had reached a significant position within their community: Ștefan sin Petre had made a steady income from his itinerant trade in wool, while his wife was the descendant of the Creangăs of Pipirig, a family of community leaders. The latter's members included Moldavian Metropolitan Iacob Stamati, as well as Smaranda's father, "Vornic" David, and her uncle Ciubuc Clopotarul, a monk at Neamț Monastery. Proud of this tradition, it was her who insisted for her son to pursue a career in the Church. According to his own recollection, the future writer was born on March 1, 1837—a date which has since been challenged. Creangă's other statements mention March 2, 1837, or an unknown date in 1836. The exactitude of other accounts is equally unreliable: community registers from the period gave the date of June 10, 1839, and mention another child of the same name being born to his parents on February 4, 1842 (the more probable birth date of Creangă's younger brother Zahei). The imprecision also touches other aspects of his family life: noting the resulting conflicts in data, Călinescu decided that it was not possible for one to know if the writer's parents were married to each other (and, if so, if they were on their first marriage), nor how many children they had together. At a time when family names were not legally required, and people were primarily known by various nicknames and patronymics, the boy was known to the community as "Nică", a hypocorism formed from "Ion", or more formally as "Nică al lui Ștefan a Petrei" ("Nică of Ștefan of Petru", occasionally "Nic-a lui Ștefan a Petrei").
Ion Călugăru
Despite gravitating around the radical left and the artistic avant-garde, Ion Călugăru pursued his collaboration with the increasingly far right periodical "Cuvântul", led by the antisemitic philosopher Nae Ionescu. Researcher Ioana Pârvulescu, noting that Călugăru's work for the paper predated an explicitly fascist agenda, drew attention to the fact that Călugăru and novelist Mihail Sebastian were two of some eleven Jews still employed by "Cuvântul" in 1933. At around the same time, he was also employed as an editor by the literary newspaper "Vremea", which acted as a mouthpiece for left-wing intellectuals, many of them Communist Party favorites.
Ion I. Câmpineanu
Ion I. Câmpineanu (October 10, 1841 – November 13, 1888) was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Justice from January 27, 1877 to September 23, 1877, Minister of Finance in two terms, from September 23, 1877 to November 25, 1878 and from February 25, 1880 to July 15, 1880, and Minister of Foreign Affairs from November 25, 1878 until July 10, 1879 during the existence of United Principalities.
Ion Țurcanu
Ion Ţurcanu (born January 15, 1946 in Găureni, Nisporeni) is an author, educator, historian, memoirist, professor, former member of the Parliament (1990–1994), politician and Romanian writer from Moldova.
Ion Ţurcanu is one of the 277 MPs of the first parliament of the former RSS Republic (later the Republic of Moldova), who voted for the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova on 27 August 1991.
Ion Cârja
Ion Cârja (sometimes spelled Cârjă or Cârje) (March 25, 1922 – May 8, 1977) was a Romanian and American writer and anti-communist activist, who was a political prisoner in Communist Romania.
Ion Călugăru
Ion Călugăru's ultimate affiliation with Socialist Realism was widely interpreted as having produced the weakest section of his work. This critical interpretation was espoused even before the end of communism, during a period of liberalization and aesthetic reevaluation. In this context, Crohmălniceanu argued that Călugăru's late works "no longer explore, to their disadvantage, [the] precious lode in Ion Călugăru's literature." This is also noted by historian Lucian Boia, who writes: "To be a leftist used to signify nonconformity; now, quite contrarily, to be a leftist is to show conformism." Moreover, Boia writes, there was "no longer anything specifically Jewish" in Călugăru's attitudes.
Ion Călugăru
While with "Sburătorul", Călugăru published some of his first autobiographical fragments, which were later integrated in some of his novels. The aspiring writer was focusing his work on prose pieces largely inspired by Romanian folklore and the 19th-century adventure novel, publishing, under the pen name "Moș Ion Popescu" ("Old Man Ion Popescu"), short stories with "hajduk" protagonists. Cernat, who sees these writings as indebted to the more popular genre fiction novels of N. D. Popescu-Popnedea, suggests that Călugăru may have tried his hand in this field only because he needed the money.
Ion Șiugariu
Born in Băița, Maramureș County, then part of Austria-Hungary, his parents were Ion Șugar, a miner, and his wife Floarea ("née" Griga). He was the first of six sons, and from age seven to ten was obliged to work in gold mining to help support the poor family. Following the union of Transylvania with Romania, he attended primary school in his native village and in Valea Borcutului, finishing in 1928. He then went to the normal school in Oradea from 1928 to 1932 and to the city's Emanuil Gojdu High School from 1932 to 1936. There, he was mentored by Octav Șuluțiu, who introduced him to the "Familia" circle. From 1937 to 1942, he attended the literature and philosophy faculty of Bucharest University, graduating with a thesis on the journalistic aspect of modern literature.
Ion Călugăru
Around that time, Călugăru befriended poet Stephan Roll and, through him, made new contacts with Fondane, who had himself embraced Surrealism but was living at the time in France. The three were in correspondence, and, according to Roll's testimony, Călugăru was making efforts at establishing Fondane's reputation at home by reviewing his French-language poetry. Călugăru's social networking with the avant-garde also earned him a profile among Bucharest's informal avant-garde salons. According to the personal recollections of art historian Amelia Pavel (at the time a high school student debuting on the social scene), Călugăru frequented the same social circle as cartoonist Saul Steinberg and poet Sesto Pals.
Ion Călugăru
Mentions of Călugăru's life are also present in Mircea Eliade's "Autobiography", written during Eliade's self-exile and teaching career at the University of Chicago. Eliade notably describes his meeting with the "Cuvântul" journalist, recalling his surprise that Călugăru's everyday vocabulary seemed to be quoting avant-garde stories by Urmuz or Sașa Pană. Recalling her 1971 meeting with Eliade on American soil, Romanian poet Constanța Buzea wrote: "[Eliade] asks if Ion Călugăru has an echo among us, today. Upon being told that this isn't the case, he turns grim. He says he regrets, he never knew, he could not predict that, in one way or another, sooner or later, one's mistakes are paid with the others' indifference and silence..."
Ion Barbu
Ion Barbu (, pen name of Dan Barbilian; 18 March 1895 –11 August 1961) was a Romanian mathematician and poet.
Ion Călugăru
Together with Fondane and Pană, he was one of the regulars at the literary parties hosted by controversial businessman Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești. The three became well acquainted with the avant-garde society of Bucharest. Their informal literary circle played host to by F. Brunea-Fox, Henri Gad, Armand Pascal, Claude Sernet-Cosma and Ilarie Voronca, as well as, on occasion, artists Iosif Ross and Nicolae Tonitza, and poet Claudia Millian.
Ion Codru-Drăgușanu
Ion Codru-Drăgușanu (November 9, 1818–October 26, 1884) was an Austro-Hungarian ethnic Romanian prose writer.
Cornel Călugăreanu
Cornel Călugăreanu (born July 30, 1930, in Drăgănești-Vlașca, Teleorman) is a Romanian retired basketball player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Ionuț Caragea
Caragea was born on April 12, 1975, in Constanța. He is a poet, prose writer, literary critic, editor, aphorism-writer, and cultural promoter. He is a member of the Romanian Writers’ Union, the Cluj branch , a co-founder and vice-chairman of the Romanian Writers’ Association of Québec, an honorary member of the Writers’ Society of Neamț County, an honorary member of the Maison Naaman pour Culture Foundation of Lebanon, a member of Elis – the worldwide remarkable Romanians’ Network, an honorary member of the International Association of Paradoxism, a member of the Diversité Artistique Cultural Organization of Montréal , a member of the Poetas del Mundo Cultural Organization of Chile  etc. As a result of his friendship and name relation with Prince Eugen Enea Caraghiaur, in 2008 he was raised to the noble rank of Baron of the Cuman House of Panciu . 
He started his literary career in 2006, with a collection of poems – Delirium Tremens (STEF Publishing House, Iași). His poems, aphorisms, short stories, and critical essays have appeared in various magazines, newspapers, and anthologies in Romania and diaspora. He is one of the twenty authors who were published in Antologia aforismului românesc contemporan/An Anthology of Contemporary Romanian Aphorisms (Genesi Publishing House, Turin, 2013), and one of the twenty-seven authors who were published in Antologia aforismului românesc contemporan/An Anthology of Contemporary Romanian Aphorisms (Digital Unicorn Publishing House, Constanța, 2016). Following the 2012 Naji Naaman International Contest, he was awarded the Creativity Prize for aphorisms from his collection Dicționarul suferinței/A Dictionary of Suffering (Fides Publishing House, Iași, 2008), translated into French by Professor Constantin Frosin, PhD . He is included in Cartea înțelepciunii universale. Maxime și cugetări din literatura universală/A Book of World Wisdom. Maxims and Thoughts from World Literature (eLiteratura Publishing House, Bucharest, 2014). He is also included in Alertă de grad zero în proza scurtă românească actuală/Red Alert in Today's Romanian Short Story Writing (Herg Benet Publishing House, 2012) . He has won several poetry and short story contests. Some of his work has been translated into six languages: English, French, Spanish, Italian, Arabic and Albanian. He was nicknamed "The poet who was born on Google" after the title of his book M-am născut pe Google/I Was Born on Google (STEF Publishing House, Iași, 2007) . In 2012, the English version of his science fiction novel Uezen was published by Wildside Press (US).
Ion Ciocanu
Ion Ciocanu was born on January 18, 1940 in Tabani, Briceni, then in Romania. Ion Ciocanu graduated from Moldova State University in 1962 and got his PhD in 1965. He worked for Moldova State University, "Cartea Moldovenească", "Literatura artistică", "Hyperion", Glasul Naţiunii, Editura Litera. Between 1987-1990 he was a leader of the Moldovan Writers' Union. He has been working for the Institute of Philology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova since 2001.
Ion Gavrilă Ogoranu
Ion Gavrilă Ogoranu (January 1, 1923 – May 1, 2006) was a member of the fascist paramilitary organization The Iron Guard, who between 1948 and 1956, after the Soviet occupation of Romania, became the leader of an armed anti-communist resistance group in the Făgăraş Mountains.
Ion Călugăru
B. Croitoru received his first encouragements from critic Eugen Lovinescu, who published his texts in "Sburătorul" magazine. Lovinescu was a teacher at Matei Basarab, and decided to give employ his student as an editor and book reviewer. He is credited with having coined and assigned Croitoru the pen name "Ion Călugăru" (from "călugărul", "the monk").
Ion Ionescu de la Brad
Ion Ionescu de la Brad (June 24, 1818 – December 16, 1891), born Ion Isăcescu, was a Moldavian, later Romanian revolutionary, agronomist, statistician, scholar and writer.
Ion Călugăru
At around the same time, Călugăru also began working as an editor for "Scînteia", the main PCR platform, while still writing for the pro-communist "Contemporanul" and "Viața Românească". Perceived as an authority on ideological matters, he was one of the publicist employed by Editura Cartea Rusă, a state-run institution which exclusively published works of Russian and Soviet literature.
Ion Negoițescu
Ion Negoiţescu (; also known as Nego; August 10, 1921 – February 6, 1993) was a Romanian literary historian, critic, poet, novelist and memoirist, one of the leading members of the Sibiu Literary Circle. A rebellious and eccentric figure, Negoiţescu began his career while still an adolescent, and made himself known as a literary ideologue of the 1940s generation. Moving from a youthful affiliation to the fascist Iron Guard, which he later came to regret, the author became a disciple of modernist doyen Eugen Lovinescu, and, by 1943, rallied the entire Sibiu Circle to the cause of anti-fascism. He was also one of the few openly homosexual intellectuals in Romania to have come out before the 1990s—an experience which, like his political commitments, is recorded in his controversial autobiographical writings.
Ion Petrovici
Ion Petrovici was born on June 2/14 1882, in Tecuci, the son of Dumitru and Ortansa Petrovici, and the grandchild of Junimist poet Theodor Şerbănescu's sister. Between 1892 and 1899 he attended secondary school at Sf. Sava College in Bucharest. He enrolled at the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy in Bucharest in autumn 1899, having Titu Maiorescu and Nicolae Iorga as teachers. He proposed his rhymed play "O sărutare" to the National Theatre of Bucharest during the same autumn. As I. L. Caragiale commended it, the play was performed on 21st March 1900. (He later became a board member of the National Theatre.) As a member of a student delegation representing the University of Bucharest, Petrovici participated in the commemoration of the 400th anniversary of Stephen the Great's death, which took place in the then Austrian town of Suceava in summer 1904. He graduated in Philosophy in 1904, with the dissertation "O problemă de filosofie" ("A Philosophy Problem") and became the first home-grown Romanian Doctor of Philosophy in June 1905, with the PhD thesis "Paralelismul psiho-fizic" ("Psychological-physical Parallelism"). Petrovici attended philosophy classes by Wilhelm Wundt and Hans Volkelt in Leipzig and by Friedrich Paulsen, Wilhelm Dilthey and Alois Riehl in Berlin during the academic year 1905-1906. He was appointed lecturer at the Philosophy Department of the University of Iaşi in November 1906 and professor in 1912. He served as Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy in Iaşi between 1923 and 1926. He was a visiting professor at the University of Paris and the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques in (Paris) at the end of January 1932, where he lectured on "La Nationalité en Philosophie" and "L'Idée de néant". He collaborated with André Lalande and Paul Gaultier. He was elected member of the Romanian Academy on 28th May 1935.
As a member of Octavian Goga's anti-Semitic ministry (1937–1938), Ion Petrovici planned to restrict the access of Jewish pupils to universities (the so-called "numerus clausus") and decided that Romanian language, history and geography teachers be only ethnic Romanians. From 1941 to 1944 he served as Minister of Culture and Religious Affairs in Ion Antonescu's government, organizing an intergovernmental agency that coordinated the deportation of Jewish converts.
He was arrested in 1948 following the advent of the Communist regime and sentenced to 10 years of hard labour for his participation in the Antonescu ministry. After serving his sentence, he was deported to Bărăgan in 1958.
Petrovici died in Bucharest in 1972.
Petrovici contributed to Philosophy with his research in Logic regarding the theory of notions and with his metaphysical conception, which connects faith to reason. Ion Petrovici was an internationally known philosopher during interwar period. He contributed to prestigious philosophy journals in France and Germany and chaired international congresses.
Ion Ciontoloi
Ion Ciontoloi was born on July 7, 1958 in Ermoclia, Ştefan Vodă District. He is the son of Danil Ciontoloi (born May 27, 1921 în Volintiri, Ştefan Vodă District) and Ana Ciontoloi. Ion Ciontoloi served as member of the Parliament of Moldova (2005–2007) and has been the governor of Căuşeni District since 2007.
Mălina Călugăreanu
Mălina Călugăreanu (born 15 September 1996, Bucharest) is a Romanian foil fencer.
Șerban Cioculescu
These incidents came shortly before the Iron Guard's own ouster from power (the Legionary Rebellion). Cioculescu maintained a low profile during the following period, when the country was placed under an authoritarian regime presided upon by the Guard's former ally, "Conducător" Ion Antonescu. The period saw Cioculescu focusing on his activities as a literary historian, publisher and editor. In 1940, he published his synthesis "Viața lui I. L. Caragiale" ("The Life of I. L. Caragiale"). For a while, he accepted the offer made by official journalist Pamfil Șeicaru to manage the literary supplement of his "Curentul" newspaper. The journal also published the fragments from Iorga's works in his possession. The following year, he was, with Perpessicius, Vianu and Streinu, co-author of Editura Vremea's special volume of praise for Lovinescu, who was at the time marginalized by the Antonescu regime. In 1942, Cioculescu oversaw the revised edition of "Peregrinulu transelvanu" ("The Transylvanian Pilgrim"), a travel account by the 19th century author and activist Ion Codru-Drăgușanu, detailing the author's impressions of England and France.
Ion Ungureanu
Born in Opaci, Ungureanu served as member of the Parliament of Moldova. As an MP, he was Minister of Culture of Moldova from 1990 to 1994. He was also a leader of the Democratic Forum of Romanians in Moldova.
Ion Chinezu
Ion Chinezu (August 15, 1894 – December 10, 1966) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian literary critic and translator.
Ion Țăranu
Ion Taranu (born 14 March 1938) is a retired Greco-Roman wrestler from Romania. He competed at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Olympics and won a bronze medal in 1960. He also won a silver medal at the 1967 European Championships Domestically he collected 15 Romanian middleweight titles.
Vitalie Călugăreanu
Vitalie Călugăreanu was born on 6 October 1977 in Cărpineni, Hânceşti District. Călugăreanu has a degree in journalism and communication sciences from the Moldova State University (1999).
Ion Ioanid
Ion Ioanid (28 March 1926 – 12 October 2003) was a Romanian dissident and writer. Ioanid was a political prisoner of the communist-led regime after the Second World War and spent 12 years in prison and labour camps. He is best known for taking part at the 1953 Cavnic labor camp escape and for his book "Give us each day our daily prison" ("Închisoarea noastră cea de toate zilele"), a reference to the verse from the Christian Lord's Prayer. The book is a comprehensive recollection of his time spent in detention. He is considered a Romanian Solzhenitsyn, as his description of the communist detention regime in Romania is the most detailed one submitted by one of its victims.
Ion Dongorozi
Ion Dongorozi (January 4, 1894 – May 20, 1975) was a Romanian prose writer.
Ion Lăpușneanu
Ion "Jean" Lăpuşneanu (born December 8, 1908 in Bucharest – deceased February 24, 1992) was a Romanian football goalkeeper.
Ion Panțuru
Ion Panţuru (11 September 1934 – 17 January 2016) was a Romanian bobsledder. He competed in two-man and four-man events at the 1964, 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics and served as the Olympic flag bearer for Romania in 1964 and 1972.
Ioan Alexandru
Ioan Alexandru (; born Ion Șandor , December 25, 1941 in Topa Mică, Cluj County, Romania - September 16, 2000 in Bonn, Germany) was a Romanian poet, essayist and politician. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Ioan Alexandru became a founding member and vice-president of the PNŢCD (Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party of Romania). He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies during the 1992 elections, and again in 1996 to the Romanian Senate as a senator from Arad County.
Ionuț Moldovan
Ionuţ "Ion" Moldovan (born 17 January 1978) is a former professional tennis player from Romania.
Ion Buzdugan
Ion Alion Buzdugan (Romanian Cyrillic and , born Ivan Alexandrovici Buzdâga; March 9, 1887 – January 29, 1967) was a Bessarabian-Romanian poet, folklorist, and politician. A young schoolteacher in the Russian Empire by 1908, he wrote poetry and collected folklore emphasizing Bessarabia's links with Romania, and associated with various founding figures of the Romanian nationalist movement, beginning with Ion Pelivan. Buzdugan was a far-left figure during the February Revolution, but eventually rallied with the National Moldavian Party in opposition to the socialists and the Bolsheviks. He vehemently supported the union of Bessarabia with Romania during the existence of an independent Moldavian Democratic Republic, and, as a member of its legislature ("Sfatul Ţării"), worked to bring it about. Threatened by the Bolsheviks, he fled to Romania and returned with the expeditionary corps headed by General Ernest Broșteanu, being one of the delegates who voted for the union, and one of dignitaries who signed its proclamation.
Ion Călugăru
Charlie Blum, the protagonist of "Omul de după ușă", investigates his actions with objectivity and sarcasm, trying to place his analytical self "behind the door". Frustrated in his attempt to find happiness with a rich American woman, he finds himself settled in a mediocre lifestyle. Henri Zalis argues that, beyond a Creangă-like narrative filter, "Omul de după ușă" contains Ion Călugăru's "hunger for fairy tales and pranks". Erdora and Monis are former lovers who reunite with each other, but who find themselves unable to exchange their middle-class life and for a rekindled passion. Călinescu assessed: "When he moves on to [writing about] the urban society, Ion Călugăru no longer maintains the same density of vision, being stalked about by that sort of cosmopolitanism than one notices in all Jews who are not tied down to a certain specificity. [...] Despite all that the writer is always valuable." Commenting on "Erdora", he concluded: "Sarcasm barely covers the everyday ugliness, the thirst for great pathos. But such a theme requires more lyrical suaveness."
Ion Călugăru
Călugăru found himself promoted by the new authorities after the August 1944 Coup overthrew Antonescu. On September 1, Călugăru joined Emil Dorian and Ury Benador in creating the Union of Jewish Writers. The inaugural meeting, held in Dorian's residence, was attended and poorly reviewed by Sebastian. His "Journal" calls the other participants "nonentities", and the gathering "a mixture of desperate failure, thundering mediocrity, old ambitions and troubles, [...] impudence and ostentation."
Shortly afterward, as the PCR gained momentum with Soviet support, Călugăru was one of the ten authors to be instated or reinstated as members of the Romanian Writers' Society as replacements for some banned or fugitive former members who had been deemed pro-fascist. On January 9, 1948, he was made General Secretary of the Writers' Society, and as such second in line to the Society's new President, Zaharia Stancu. In the years after 1944, and especially after the creation of Communist Romania, Ion Călugăru began moving away from his modernist themes, and closer to Socialist Realism, becoming recognized as one of the leading Romanian Socialist Realists. Literary historian Ana Selejan describes him as one of the first Romanian authors of agitprop, and as such a pillar of "the new literary order." His early contributions include a stereotyped novella about communist strike actions, published by "Contemporanul" review in December 1947.
Ion Geolgău
Ion Geolgău (born 20 February 1961) is a former Romanian football midfielder and manager.
Ion Călugăru
Ion Călugăru died in Bucharest only four years later, on May 22, 1956. His unpublished novellas and sketch stories were collected by his former "unu" colleague Sașa Pană, who released them under the title "Casa șoarecilor" ("House of Mice", 1958).
Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu
Călin Constantin Anton Popescu-Tăriceanu (; born 14 January 1952) is a Romanian politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from 29 December 2004 to 22 December 2008. He was also president of the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the vice-president of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR), two positions he assumed in 2004. He currently serves as the President of the Senate, second position in the Romanian state, being elected on 10 March 2014, having previously resigned from the PNL party, becoming an independent senator. In July 2014, he established the Liberal Reformist Party.
Ion Ionuț Luțu
Ion Ionuţ Luţu (born 3 August 1975) is a retired Romanian footballer. His previous clubs include FC Kairat and FC Zhetysu in Kazakhstan, Apollon Limassol in Cyprus, Suwon Samsung Bluewings in South Korea, Progresul Bucureşti, Universitatea Craiova, Steaua Bucureşti, Rapid Bucureşti, Pandurii and Jiul Petroşani. He was nicknamed "the Little Hagi or Hagi-Luţu". He was known for his fine dribbling and technique, as well as spectacular finishing, but also for his inconsistency.
Ion Călugăru
In joining the common effort of "Integral" writers, Călugăru threw his support behind a literary movement that viewed itself as both urban and innovative, theorizing connections between the creative human and the modern rhythms of technology. His interest in cutting edge modernism was also leading him to explore the world of cinema, as a result of which he was also one of "Integral"s film critics, with Fondane, Roll, Barbu Florian, I. Peretz. This activity too evidenced his political advocacy: Călugăru's articles described film as the new, proletarian and revolutionary, means of expression, the myth of a society in the process of adopting collectivism. His texts, which coincided with the silent film era, trusted that the popularly acclaimed pantomime acts of Charlie Chaplin, like the Fratellinis' circus acts, were especially relevant for understanding the modern public's tastes. In 1933, Călugăru was to publish the first-ever Romanian monograph on Chaplin's life and career.
Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică
In a 1922 biography of Ion Ionescu de la Brad, he classified the latter as "the first Romanian peasantist", and synthesized his ideas on "progressive agriculture". He wrote a history of modern Romanian literature in 1923; George Călinescu dismissed this as being without aesthetic taste, calling its author "completely misunderstanding and disoriented". As early as 1926, he set himself up as a leading faculty opponent of hiring Lucian Blaga at Cluj, and by the following year, had launched a public campaign, offensive in tone, to discredit the poet. His conservative disposition, stubborn spirit, and scientist and historicist opinions stood in contrast with the poet's mysticism, and his intransigence grew as he aged. By 1931, he was writing a series of defamatory articles called "Literatură fără rost (firește de Lucian Blaga)" ("Pointless Literature (of Course by Lucian Blaga))", and his death three years later appeared to remove a major obstacle to the hire. According to a later critic, although Bogdan-Duică documented a series of remarkable figures, his cultural references were those of a 19th-century scholar, despite the fact that his most important work was written in the 20th.
Ion Creangă (jurist)
Ion Creangă (born December 11, 1962 in Goteşti) is a Moldovan jurist and the head of the Legal Department of the Parliament of Moldova.
Ion Călugăru
Literary critic Iulia Popovici described the novel as propaganda to legitimize "the socialist present", also noting that it was the only such work in which the two dominant themes, "constructing socialism in the village" and "constructing socialism in the city", overlapped. Literary historian Ion Simuț analyzed the various echoes of Călugăru's work in the communist media of his day, and concluded that these make him part of a "second circle" of writers accepted by the Socialist Realist establishment, on the same level of approval as Mihai Beniuc, Geo Bogza, Cezar Petrescu and Alexandru Toma, but ranking below Tudor Arghezi, Mihail Sadoveanu or Camil Petrescu. Călugăru himself sparked posthumous controversy for participating in communist-orchestrated attacks on the work and reputation of authors without ideological credentials. In one such situation, he argued that Liviu Rebreanu "was no genius, and his books are far from reaching the value of those by [Soviet author] Mikhail Sholokhov"—a claim retrospectively described by Al. Săndulescu as "an enormity" in terms of "servility and philosovietism".
Sămănătorul
Published in the capital Bucharest, "Sămănătorul" was co-founded by two already established writers, Alexandru Vlahuță, from the "Old Kingdom", and the Transylvanian-born George Coșbuc, in late 1901. Both of them were already known as editors of magazines with traditionalist agendas: Vlahuţă had founded and edited the magazine "Vieața", while Coșbuc had done the same with "Vatra". Among the original staff of writers were several formerly associated with "Vieața": Ștefan Octavian Iosif, Dimitrie Anghel, Ion Gorun, Constanța Hodoș and Vasile Pop. The regular contributors included Ion Agârbiceanu, I. A. Bassarabescu, Panait Cerna, Elena Farago, Emil Gârleanu, Octavian Goga, Constantin Sandu-Aldea, Ioan Slavici and I. E. Torouțiu. Other notable collaborators throughout the early years were Zaharia Bârsan, Paul Bujor, Ilarie Chendi, Virgil Cioflec, Alexandru Davila, Sextil Pușcariu and Constantin Xeni, alongside the lesser known Ion Ciocârlan and Maria Cunțan.
Dan Lungu
Dan Lungu (; born September 15, 1969) is a Romanian novelist, short story writer, poet and dramatist, also known as a literary theorist and sociologist. The recipient of critical acclaim for his short story volume "Cheta la flegmă" ("Quest for Phlegm") and his 
novels "Raiul găinilor" ("Chicken Paradise") and "Sînt o babă comunistă!" ("I'm a Communist Biddy!"), he is also one of the most successful authors to have emerged in post-1990 Romanian literature. Lungu's literary universe, which mainly comprises "microsocial" images of life under the communist regime and during the subsequent transitional period, bridges a form of Neorealism with Postmodernism. Often included among a group of authors who signed their first major contracts with Polirom publishing house, he is also seen as a distinctive voice from his adoptive provincial city of Iași.
Ion Călugăru
A similar mix of environments and styles is present in "Copilăria unui netrebnic". The first of three semi-autobiographical novel tracing the early life of Călugăru's alter ego, Buiumaș, between his Dorohoi years and his life in Bucharest, it was followed by "Trustul" and "Lumina primǎverii". Călinescu found "Copilăria..." to be "of a perfect stylistic maturity", comparing the narrative to a "vast mural" with the "chiaroscuro" qualities of paintings by Rembrandt or Nicolae Grigorescu. The volume received more high praise from Ovid Crohmălniceanu, who, suggesting it constituted a "Bildungsroman", also commented on its "extraordinary coherence", while Henri Zalis spoke of it as "excellent" and "stirring". Literary historian Nicolae Manolescu, who also recorded "Copilăria..."s "Bildungsroman" quality, was more reserved when assessing its content and style, arguing that the protagonist's evolution is "uninteresting". He identified the sources of inspiration for the central narrative as being Creangă's celebrated autobiography, "Childhood Memories", and the memoirs of Soviet author Maxim Gorky.
Cătălin Ivan
Cătălin Sorin Ivan (born 23 December 1978) is a Romanian politician, who since the 2009 election has been a Member of the European Parliament for Romania, representing the Social Democratic Party. Until 2015 he was the Leader of the Romanian delegation to the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group in the European Parliament.
Ion Creangă
George Călinescu also assessed that these literary connections served to highlight the elevated nature of Creangă's style, his "erudite device", concluding: "Writers such as Creangă can only show up in places where the word is ancient and equivocal, and where experience has been condensed into unchanging formulas. It would have been more natural for such a prose writer to have emerged a few centuries later, into an era of Romanian humanism. Born much earlier, Creangă showed up where there exists an ancient tradition, and therefore a species of erudition, ... in a mountain village ... where the people is unmixed and keeping [with tradition]." Outlining his own theory about the aspects of "national specificity" in Romanian letters, he expanded on these thoughts, listing Creangă and Eminescu as "core Romanians" who illustrated a "primordial note", complemented by the "southern" and "Balkan" group of Caragiale and others. Claiming that the "core" presence had "not primitive, but ancient" origins, perpetuated by "stereotyped wisdom" and "energetic fatalism", he asserted: "Creangă shows our civilization's contemporaneity with the world's oldest civilizations, our Asian age." The alternating national and regional characteristics in Creangă's writings are related by historian Neagu Djuvara with the writer's place of birth, an affluent village in an isolated region, contrasting heavily with the 19th century Wallachian countryside: "if the mud hut villages of the Danube flood plain are to be taken into account, one finds himself in a different country." Ornea, who noted that Eminescu effectively shared Creangă's worldview, believed the latter to have been dominated by nostalgia for a world of independent landowning peasants, and argued that Creangă's literary and political outlook were both essentially conservative. Ornea commented: "One could say that it was through [this form of nostalgia] that the writer debuted and that, within the space of his work it became, in its own right, an expression of the world that was about to vanish." Commenting on Creangă's "robust realism" and lack of "sentimentality", Vianu contrarily asserted: "Creangă's nostalgia ... has an individual, not social, sense."
Ion A. Rădulescu-Pogoneanu
Ion A. Rădulescu-Pogoneanu (born Ion A. Rădulescu; 1870–1945) was a Romanian pedagogue.
Ion Creangă (politician)
Ion Creangă (born 1883 in Corjova) was a Bessarabian politician.
Ion Călugăru
Shortly before the establishment of Romania's communist regime, Călugăru embraced Socialist Realism and became and made official his relationship with the ruling Romanian Communist Party. During this final period of his career, he wrote the controversial novel "Oțel și pîine" ("Steel and Bread"), an epic of industrialization, widely seen as one of the most representative samples of politicized literature to have seen print in 1950s Romania. Despite his formal affiliation to Marxism-Leninism, Călugăru had doubts about the new political realities and commented with sarcasm on the regime's self-contradictions. These opinions were expressed in his private diaries, which became the subject of research and public scrutiny some fifty years after his death.
Armand Călinescu
Armand Călinescu (4 June 1893 – 21 September 1939) was a Romanian economist and politician, who served as 39th Prime Minister from March 1939 until his assassination six months later. He was a staunch opponent of the fascist Iron Guard and may have been the real power behind the throne during the dictatorship of King . He survived several assassination attempts but was finally killed by members of the Iron Guard with German assistance.
Ion Călugăru
Călugăru's theory on modern art, as outlined in one of his columns for the paper, saw in it a synthesis "for all modern experiences". The liberating force of modernity in providing authenticity to artistic expression was voiced by him with the words: "We no longer have our brains in our hearts, nor our hearts in our sexes..." His taste for outspoken rebellion was also manifested during his time at "unu". The magazine, deeming him "the pawn of 20th century literature", published his 1928 appeal to the population of his native Dorohoi, reading: "You are goitered! Only one of you ever had the audacity of wearing his goiter on his face." Like other "Integral" contributors, Călugăru offered praise to the older and more influential poet and prose writer Tudor Arghezi. In Călugăru's case, this fused with admiration for Arghezi's outspoken anticlericalism, which became the topic of one of his "Integral" articles (published in 1925).
Ion Călugăru
Like other staff members of "Integral", he also contemplated a new role for theater. Shunning the elitist traditions in drama, he demanded the incorporation of elements from cinema, cabaret or the circus, while calling on actors and directors to prioritize improvisation. This ideological set was interpreted by Paul Cernat as an indirect echo of Futurism, particularly given its "optimism" and its sympathy for street theater. The taste for pantomime evidenced by most of the "Integral" contributors was explained by film historian Iordan Chimet in reference to "materiality": "[Pantomime] does not refuse the word of objects and the artist will use things, all sorts of things, in order to complete his act of virtuosity. He nevertheless also discovers their secretive nature, unexplored and unsuspected in everyday life". In the same context, Călugăru and Maxy called attention to artistic developments taking place inside the Soviet Union, suggesting that the proletkult movement was a model to follow in setting up a "new" theater. While Cernat rates such contributions as among the "most philosoviet" in "Integral"s pages, he also finds that they show the manner in which Călugăru blended his communist sympathies with political ideas from opposite sources: the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and the syndicalist doctrines of Georges Sorel. Both Maxy and Călugăru were however more directly involved in the promotion of modern Yiddish or Romanian drama, promoting the international Vilna Troupe after its 1923 relocation to Bucharest. While Maxy became the Troupe' designer, Călugăru directly assisted manager Yankev Shternberg and administrative director Mordechai Mazo in running the company, becoming secretary of the artistic committee.
Ion Țurcanu
Ion Ţurcanu was born on January 15, 1946 in Upper Găurenii, former Lăpuşna county. He graduated from the State University of Moldova in 1969 and obtained his doctorate in history in 1975. He started work as a teacher in the village Bărboieni, Nisporeni. After getting his PhD, he became a senior lecturer, then lecturer at the Pedagogical Institute "Ion Creangă". In the years 1993-1997, he worked at the History Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Since 2001, he returned to his professorial career in higher education, this time at the State University of Moldova.
He participated in the creation, in 1988, of the Democratic Movement in Support of the Perestroika, (the future Moldovan Popular Front). In the years 1987-1990 he published a series of articles in Chisinau press to inform the population on the thorny subjects of the history of Bessarabia, and of the all Romanians. In the same context he initiated a critique of the historiographical Soviet propaganda that falsified the historical themes mentioned above.
In the years 1990-1994 he was a Member and Secretary of the Parliament. In 1998, he established the New Moldavian National Party, which participated in the local elections in 1999 and parliamentary ones in 2001, but without obtaining significant results. 
He was the editor of the publishing house - "Moldovan Book" (1989-1990), and director of the publishing house "Universitas" (1993-1996). In the 1990-1993 he published, as editor, the historical journals "Patrimoniu" "Magazine of History of Moldova."
He published a number of studies and books on various historical subjects: the political events in Bessarabia in 1917-1918, Bessarabian agrarian relations during the interwar period, the Bessarabian famine of 1946-1947, the resistance movement against Soviet occupation of Bessarabia during 1944-1953, political and ethnic relations east of the Carpathians in the period preceding the founding of the Romanian state of Moldova, the Greco-Roman antiquity on the Lower Dniester and the neighboring territories, the philosophy of history from the perspective of some Romanian thinkers, historical bibliography of Bessarabia and Transnistria, social and political realities in modern Moldova etc. He wrote several syntheses of Romanian history.
He had some literary preoccupations, which occurred occasionally and with great interruptions.
Battle of Călugăreni
The Battle of Călugăreni was one of the most important battles in the history of early modern Romania. It took place on 23 August (13 August on old style calendar) 1595 between the Wallachian army led by Michael the Brave and the Ottoman army led by Koca Sinan Pasha. It was part of the Long War, fought between Christian and Ottoman forces at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries.
Ion Creangă
With the interwar period and the spread of modernist literature, a new generation of critics, most notably George Călinescu and Vladimir Streinu, dedicated important segments of their activity to the works of Ion Creangă. Other such figures were Șerban Cioculescu, whose contribution attempts to elucidate the more mysterious parts of the writer's vocabulary, and educator Dumitru Furtună, whose biographical studies provided a main source for subsequent research. By then, interest in Creangă's life and writings had diversified. This phenomenon first touched Romanian theater when I. I. Mironescu dramatized a section of Creangă's "Memories" as "Catiheții de la Humulești" ("The Catechists from Humulești")—a literary contribution judged "superfluous" by George Călinescu, who noted that the original was already "dramatic" in style. The writer's stories also became an inspiration for Alfred Mendelsohn and Alexandru Zirra, two Romanian composers who worked in children's musical theater, who adapted, respectively, "Harap Alb" and "The Goat and Her Three Kids". Creangă was also a secondary presence in "Mite" and "Bălăuca", two biographical novels centered on Eminescu's amorous life, written by the prominent interwar critic Eugen Lovinescu, to whom Călinescu reproached having largely ignored Creangă in his nonfictional texts. Creangă's writings also earned followers among the more radical wing of the modernist scene. The authenticity and originality of Creangă's prose were highlighted and treasured by the influential modernist venue "Contimporanul", in particular by its literary chroniclers Ion Vinea and Benjamin Fondane. Likewise, while formally affiliating with Surrealism, the avant-garde author Ion Călugăru contributed various prose works which borrow some of Creangă's storytelling techniques to depict the lives of Jewish Romanian communities from Moldavia.
Alexandru Vlahuță
Alexandru Vlahuţă (; 5 September 1858 – 19 November 1919) was a Romanian writer. His best known work is "România pitorească", an overview of Romania's landscape in the form of a travelogue. He was also the main editor of "Sămănătorul" magazine, alongside George Coşbuc.
Vlahuţă was born in Pleşeşti, Vaslui County (currently called Alexandru Vlahuţă), and studied in Bârlad during his early childhood. He took his Baccalaureate in Bucharest and afterwards attended law school for a short amount of time, but withdrew due to financial reasons. He died in Bucharest on 19 November 1919. His former home in Bucharest has been turned into a memorial museum.
Ion Caramitru
Ion Horia Leonida Caramitru (; born 9 March 1942) is a Romanian stage and film actor, stage director, as well as a political figure. He was Minister of Culture between 1996 and 2000, in the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) cabinets of Victor Ciorbea, Gavril Dejeu, Radu Vasile, Alexandru Athanasiu, and Mugur Isărescu. Is married with actress Micaela Caracaș and has three sons: Ștefan, Andrei and Matei Caramitru.
Ion Călugăru
By January 1923, Călugăru was becoming involved with Fondane's theatrical company "Insula". His texts were given public readings, but "Insula" dissolved itself before Călugăru could deliver his planned conference (on the life and work of Romania's traditionalist poet George Coșbuc). His actual editorial debut came later that year, when he published "Caii lui Cibicioc" ("Cibicioc's Horses"), a volume of short stories.
Ion Ungureanu
Ion Ungureanu (2 August 1935 – 28 January 2017) was a Moldovan actor and politician.
Ion Șiugariu
Ion Șiugariu (June 6, 1914–February 1, 1945) was a Romanian poet.
Ion Gheorghe Maurer
Ion Gheorghe Iosif Maurer (23 September 1902 – 8 February 2000) was a Romanian communist politician and lawyer, as well as a 49th Prime Minister of Romania.
Ion Călugăru
Ion Călugăru's Socialist Realist work, like other writings by his peers, fell out of favor in the 1970s and '80s: Nicolae Ceaușescu's national communist leadership entirely discarded earlier expressions of socialist literature, and removed most of them from the national curriculum. Călugăru's books of the 1950s were reevaluated critically especially following the Romanian Revolution of 1989, with which came the end of Romania's communist period. The 1995 "Dicționarul scriitorilor români" ("Romanian Writers' Dictionary"), edited by Mircea Zaciu, Marian Papahagi and Aurel Sasu, noted: "[Ion Călugăru] had engaged himself, with short-term profits, but failure in the long run, into an intervention against nature and [...] against the nature of art, but also against his own nature: abruptly moving from eroticism to heroism, he was not recommended for such an enterprise by either his native temperament, his collected life experience, and his artistic means. Together with the other relics of proletkult, "Oțel și pîine" is presently interesting at most as a symptomatic study case for an as yet virtual sociology of literature." Lăcustă also noted: "After four and a half decades, ["Oțel și pîine"] can perhaps only be read as a literary document of its epoch." In contrast, others have defended the interwar Călugăru as a writer of talent. This is the case of Simuț, who notes that Călugăru, like his Jewish cogenerationists Ury Benador and I. Peretz, is one of the "interesting" details "worthy of an honest literary history." Henri Zalis, who took charge of a project to reedit Călugăru's early writings as part of a larger project involving interwar Jewish contributions, complained in 2004 that there was a real danger that writers from Călugăru to Felix Aderca, Sergiu Dan and Alexandru Jar would be forgotten by the public, "pulverized" by literary historians, their work "degraded by antisemitic hawking".
Ion Călugăru
The diverse allegiances affected Călugăru's literary work, being reflected in a new series of works, many of which were urban-themed and distinctly modernist. According to Crohmălniceanu's classification, the subsequent works fall into two main categories: on one hand, the urban-themed modernist novels, including "Paradisul statistic" ("Statistical Paradise", 1926), "Omul de după ușă" ("The Man behind the Door", 1931), "Don Juan Cocoșatul" ("Don Juan the Hunchback", 1934), "Erdora" (1934), alongside the 1935 short story collection "De la cinci până la cinci" ("From Five to Five"); on the other, the writings with rural or mixed rural-urban subjects—"Abecedar de povestiri populare" ("A Primer of Folk Stories", 1930), "Copilăria unui netrebnic" (1936), "Trustul" ("The Trust", 1937), "Lumina primǎverii" ("The Light of Spring", 1947).
Ion Călugăru
The stories and novellas comprised in "De la cinci până la cinci" also drew attention for their portrayal of socialist rebelliousness and their overall advocacy of leftist values. According to Pericle Martinescu, these works "revive" the Romanian novella genre, reconnecting it with its sources and evidencing a storyteller of "accomplished talent". "Luceafărul morții" ("Death's Evening Star") shows the conflict between a beggar father and his prosperous son, in terms which evoke class conflict. "Paltoane și nimic altceva" ("Overcoats and Nothing Else"), in which Crohmălniceanu identifies the influence of Soviet author Isaak Babel, is set to the background of the Russian Civil War. Another such prose work from the period focused on the communist-led Grivița Strike of 1933. The short story "Pane, dă-mi fata!" ("Master, Give Me the Girl!") was, together with Alexandru Sahia's "Șomaj fără rasă" ("Unemployment Regardless of Race"), one of only two such pieces ever to be published by the pro-communist "Era Nouă", which also recommended "Copilăria unui netrebnic", together with works by George Mihail Zamfirescu and Stoian Gh. Tudor, as one of the positive examples in Romania's emerging Social Realism.
Corneliu Ion
Corneliu Ion (born 27 June 1951) is a retired Romanian shooter who specialized in the 25 meter rapid fire pistol event. He competed at the 1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988 Olympics and won a gold medal in 1980 and a silver in 1984, placing fifth in 1976. In 1984 he served as the flag bearer for Romania at the opening ceremony. In 1975 he set a team world record at 2370 points and in 1977 equaled the individual world record at 598 points.