Where was Gustave Eiffel born?
Gustave Eiffel
Gustave Eiffel was born in Burgundy, France, in the city of Dijon, Côte-d'Or, the first child of Catherine-Mélanie (née Moneuse) and Alexandre Bönickhausen (). He was a descendant of Jean-René Bönickhausen, who had emigrated from the German town of Marmagen and settled in Paris at the beginning of the 18th century. The family adopted the name Eiffel as a reference to the Eifel mountains in the region from which they had come. Although the family always used the name Eiffel, Gustave's name was registered at birth as Bonickhausen dit Eiffel, and was not officially changed to Eiffel until 1880.
Alec Eiffel
The song references the French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, who designed the Eiffel Tower and the Statue of Liberty; Francis thought it was a "fascinating subject" to compose a song about. Francis also mentioned another meaning of the song: "Because of Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, but also because it's funny: in Australia, you often say 'It's a smart Alec' for a guy who's nice but not very bright.", although in reality, Australians generally use the word to describe someone who is speaking out of turn; often in a way that makes them appear more intelligent than the person or group they are addressing. In Britain and the United States - a "smart Alec" is the exact opposite of Francis' description—someone who is intelligent, but mean or sarcastic.
Tourism in Paris
The Eiffel Tower is acknowledged as the universal symbol of Paris and France. It was originally designed by Émile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin. In March 1885 Gustave Eiffel, known primarily as a successful iron engineer, submitted a plan for a tower to the French Ministre du Commerce et de l'Industrie. He entered a competition for students studying at the university. The winning proposal would stand as the centerpiece of the 1889 Exposition. Eiffel's was one of over 100 submissions. Eiffel's proposal was finally chosen in June 1886. Even before its construction, the Tower's uniqueness was noticed. The Eiffel Tower was finally inaugurated on March 31, 1889. Currently about 6.9 million people visit the Eiffel tower each year.
Philippe Fix
Philippe Fix (born May 1, 1937 in Grendelbruch, Département du Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France) is a French illustrator and author of children's books. He studied Decorative Arts in Strasbourg at the Ecole des Arts Decoratifs and Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
The Greatest Frenchman
25. Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) – Architect.
Ylipe
Philippe Labarthe, pseudonym Ylipe (9 January 1936 – 8 March 2003) was a French humorist, artist, and writer. He was born in Bordeaux and studied Fine Arts there before moving to Paris to work as a cartoonist, painter and aphorist. He signed his cartoons "φlipe", using the Greek letter phi (φ) in place of the first three letters of his forename. Maurice Nadeau misread the Greek φ as a Latin y and the name "Ylipe" stuck. In the 1960s he contributed to "Arts", "L'Express", and "Lettres nouvelles", and signed the Manifesto of the 121 opposing the use of torture during the Algerian War. He later exhibited paintings in New York and Paris under his own name, with backing from Eugène Ionesco and Jacques Prévert. In 2000, a back injury prevented him painting and he returned to writing aphorisms. His writing and painting often exhibit black humour; Dominique Noguez described him as a "sparkling misanthrope" (). He died of lung cancer, having refused medical treatment.
Paul Deschanel
Paul Deschanel, the son of Émile Deschanel (1819–1904), professor at the Collège de France and senator, was born in Brussels, where his father was living in exile (1851–1859), owing to his opposition to Napoleon III. He is one of only two French Presidents (the other is Valéry Giscard d'Estaing) who were born outside France (Deschanel in Belgium, Giscard in Koblenz, Germany).
Philippe Petit
Petit was born in Nemours, Seine-et-Marne, France; his father Edmond Petit was an author and an Army pilot. At an early age, Petit discovered magic and juggling. He loved to climb, and at 16, he took his first steps on a tightrope wire. He told a reporter, 
Within one year, I taught myself to do all the things you could do on a wire. I learned the backward somersault, the front somersault, the unicycle, the bicycle, the chair on the wire, jumping through hoops. But I thought, "What is the big deal here? It looks almost ugly." So I started to discard those tricks and to reinvent my art.
Billy Klüver
Dr. Klüver was born in Monaco, November 13, 1927, and grew up in Sweden. He graduated from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, in Electrical Engineering. In 1952, at age 25, working for a large electronics company in France, Klüver helped install a television antenna on top of the Eiffel Tower and devised an underwater TV camera for Jacques Cousteau's expeditions.
Felix Gillet
Little is known of Gillet's early life in France and before he settled in Nevada City around 1859. Published the day after Gillet died, a "Grass Valley Morning Union" newspaper article stated he was born in Roucheford [sic] — probably Rochefort — a port town in southwestern France several miles up the Charente River from the Atlantic Ocean. He had three sisters. At age 16, in 1851, he reputedly spent time at a naval school in Rochefort and made several trans-Atlantic crossings working in the shipping industry. By 1852, he was in Boston, where he learned the barber trade. He possibly was a houseguest of prominent Bostonians Samuel Gridley Howe and Julia Ward Howe, who hosted visits by some European immigrants seeking a new life in America. In 1858, Gillet was a barber in San Jose, California, where French orchardists were establishing large fruit and nut farms. In February 1859, at age 24, he moved to the prosperous gold mining town of Nevada (City) in the Sierra Nevada foothills.
Paris in the Belle Époque
During the "Belle Époque", Paris was the home and inspiration for some of France's most famous writers. Victor Hugo was sixty-eight when he returned to Paris from Brussels in 1871 and took up residence on the Avenue d'Eylau (now Avenue Victor Hugo) in the 16th arrondissement. He failed to be re-elected to the National Assembly, but in 1876, he was elected to the French Senate. It was a difficult period for Hugo; his daughter Adèle was placed in an insane asylum, and his longtime mistress, Juliette Drouet, died in 1883. When Hugo died 28 May 1885 at the age of eighty-three, hundreds of thousands of Parisians lined the streets to pay tribute as his coffin was taken to the Panthéon on 1 June 1885.
Émile Zola was born in Paris in 1840, the son of an Italian engineer. He was raised by his mother in Aix-en-Provence, then returned to Paris in 1858 with his friend Paul Cézanne to attempt a literary career. He worked as a mailing clerk for the publisher Hachette and began attracting literary attention in 1865 with his novels in the new style of naturalism. He described in intimate details the workings of Paris department stores, markets, apartment buildings and other institutions, and the lives of the Parisians. By 1877, he had become famous and wealthy from his writing. He took a central role in the Dreyfus affair, helping win justice for Alfred Dreyfus, a French artillery officer of Alsatian Jewish background, who had falsely been accused of treason.
Sophie Germain
Marie-Sophie Germain was born on April 1, 1776, in Paris, France, in a house on Rue Saint-Denis. According to most sources, her father, Ambroise-François, was a wealthy silk merchant, though some believe he was a goldsmith. In 1789, he was elected as a representative of the bourgeoisie to the États-Généraux, which he saw change into the Constitutional Assembly. It is therefore assumed that Sophie witnessed many discussions between her father and his friends on politics and philosophy. Gray proposes that after his political career, Ambroise-François became the director of a bank; at least, the family remained well-off enough to support Germain throughout her adult life.
Gustave Rolland
Gustave Rolland was born on 16 July 1809 in Vatimont, Moselle.
His parents were Félix Rolland (1783–1848) and Joséphine Barbe Cécile Rolland (born 1784).
His brother was the inventor Eugène Rolland (1812–85).
Rolland was described as having blond hair, clean shaven, straight nose, chestnut eyes, small mouth, round chin, full face and height of .
Eiffel Tower (Delaunay series)
The Eiffel Tower series of Robert Delaunay (1885 – 1941) is a cycle of paintings and drawings of the Eiffel Tower. Its main sequence was created between 1909 and 1912, with additional works added up to 1928. The series is considered the most prominent art depicting the iconic Paris tower as well as the most prominent work of Delaunay.
France
Under Napoleon III, a new wave of urbanism and architecture was given birth; extravagant buildings such as the neo-baroque Palais Garnier were built. The urban planning of the time was very organised and rigorous; for example, Haussmann's renovation of Paris. The architecture associated to this era is named Second Empire in English, the term being taken from the Second French Empire. At this time there was a strong Gothic resurgence across Europe and in France; the associated architect was Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. In the late 19th century, Gustave Eiffel designed many bridges, such as Garabit viaduct, and remains one of the most influential bridge designers of his time, although he is best remembered for the iconic Eiffel Tower.
Gustave Chouquet
Born Adolphe-Gustave Chouquet in Le Havre, he spent six years in Paris studying at the Massin Institute, but devoted almost all his spare time to studying voice and piano and attending concerts at the Paris Conservatory. In 1836, after receiving his degree ("bachelier ès lettres"), he returned to Le Havre, where his father was a banker. The latter lost his fortune in creating a railroad company (from Paris to the sea), and in 1840 the family moved to the United States. Gustave produced his first essays of music criticism in New York.
He was also a professor of French literature and history and published several textbooks of French language instruction.
After sixteen years devoted to education, a respiratory ailment caused him to move back to France, where he spent several winters in the warm climate of Le Midi. By 1860 he was permanently in Paris.
Gueudet
Son of Charles Gueudet and Marie (née Huré). Born on 10 December 1880 in Bagnolet, France, and deceased on 20 March 1970 in Nice, France. Knight of the Legion of Honour. Gustave signed a contract with Louis Renault in 1920 and became the first Renault distributor. He then developed what became the Gueudet Group. Married to Adèle Alexandre (1890-1964), he had two children, a son Robert (1910-1966), and a daughter Simonne (1913-1917).
Lycée Gustave Eiffel (Gagny)
Lycée Gustave Eiffel is a senior high school/sixth-form college in Gagny, Seine-Saint-Denis, France, in the Paris metropolitan area.
Gustave Trouvé
Gustave Trouvé was born into a modest family, his father, Jacques Trouvé, was a cattle dealer., In 1850, he studied to be a locksmith in Chinon College, then in 1854-55 at the École des Arts et Métiers in Angers. His studies incomplete through poor health, he left his local region for Paris where he obtained a job with a clockmaker.
Léon Gaumont
Léon Ernest Gaumont, born in Paris was gifted with a mechanical mind which led him to employment manufacturing precision instruments. From early childhood, he was fascinated by the technique of photography. When he was offered a job at the Comptoir géneral de photographie in 1893, he jumped at the opportunity. His decision proved fortunate when two years later he was given the chance to acquire the business. In August 1895, he partnered with the astronomer , the famous engineer Gustave Eiffel, and the financier Alfred Besnier to make the purchase. Their business entity, called L. Gaumont et Cie, has survived in one form or another to become the world's oldest surviving film company extant. The company logo was the distinctive "Marguerite" (named after his mother), a type of flower similar to the daisy. The company had extensive studios (Cité Elgé) in the Buttes-Chaumont District of Paris, and a smaller operation in Nice, France.
Gustave Ohier
Marie Gustave Hector Ohier was born in Mondoubleau, Loir-et-Cher, on 5 August 1814.
His parents were Antoine Ohier (born 1787) and Pauline Dehargne (1787–1838).
His father, Antoine Alexandre Marie Ohier, was a cloth merchant.
He studied at the Collège de Vendôme, then entered the École Navale on 15 September 1830.
He graduated as a first class pupil on 1 October 1833, and sailed on the "Meuse", "Castor", "Bayonnaise", "Sirène" and "Camille".
He campaigned in Africa, the Levant and Chile. 
He participated in the French blockade of the Río de la Plata and the capture of the fortified Martín García Island between Argentina and Uruguay.
Gustave Eiffel
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (born Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; ; ; 15 December 183227 December 1923) was a French civil engineer. A graduate of École Centrale Paris, he made his name building various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit viaduct. He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields.
Victor Contamin
Contamin and his team checked all the calculations and all the metal installations, including the tower that Gustave Eiffel was building.
He said of the Eiffel Tower:
Wind tunnel
In France, Gustave Eiffel (1832–1923) built his first open-return wind tunnel in 1909, powered by a 50 kW electric motor, at Champs-de-Mars, near the foot of the tower that bears his name.
Gustave Flourens
Gustave Flourens (4 August 1838 in Paris – 3 April 1871) was a French Revolutionary leader and writer, son of the physiologist Jean Pierre Flourens (who was Professor at the "Collège de France" and deputy in 1838-1839). He was also the elder brother of Emile Flourens, who became minister of foreign affairs under the Third Republic.
Émile Savitry
Born in Saigon, in 1903, into the wealthy colonial industrialist family of Felix Marius Alphonse Dupont and Cecile Leonie Audra, Émile renamed himself Savitry to go at age 17 to study painting (1920–1924) at École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs and at the private Grande Chaumiere Academy of Fine Arts (still located in Paris at 14, Rue de la Grande Chaumiere), until 1924.
Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower ( ; ) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower.
Georges Paul François Laurent Laugée
Georges Paul François Laurent Laugée was born on 19 December 1853, the third of five children, in Montivilliers, a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France just to the northeast of Le Havre. He was the only son of a painter, Désiré-François Laugée (1823-1896) and his wife, Célestine Marie Malézieux Laugée (1825-1909). The elder Laugée was raised in Saint-Quentin, in the Picardy region of France, where he received his early training in visual arts with Louis Nicolas Lemasle (1788-1870), a pupil of Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825). He moved to Paris at age seventeen in order to enroll in the École des Beaux-Arts, studying under François-Edouard Picot (1786-1868). He was a successful painter, exhibiting at the Paris Salon from 1845 to 1880, receiving medals in 1851, 1855 and 1861. He specialized in historical subjects; among his works is "Death of William the Conqueror" and "Death of Zurbaran". In addition he painted more intimate scenes characterized by a diffuse light, as well as portraits. By 1850 he had married Célestine Marie Malézieux, a woman from his hometown. They moved back to Picardy from Paris to raise their growing family, settling in the village of Nauroy not far from Saint-Quentin. However they kept a residence in Paris, which would have been almost a necessity for a Salon painter at the time. As a result, their son spent his childhood in both Paris and Picardy, where Célestine's family also maintained a country home.
It is likely that all of Désiré's children would have received art lessons from their painter father. Three of them (two girls and the one boy, Georges) did pursue careers in art. As the only son of a painter, naturally the boy was encouraged by his father. A promising young artist, he enrolled in the École des Beaux-Arts in 1870. However hostilities of the Franco-Prussian War commenced in July of that year, with the war continuing until early 1871, followed by two months of the Paris Commune, suppressed in May 1871. This undoubtedly interrupted Georges' studies, but he was able to resume when these conflicts were over. He began his Paris studies with Isidore Pils (1813-1875), who had also trained under Picot. After Pils' death, Georges studied with historical painter and portraitist Henri Lehmann (1814-1882).
Gheorghe Pănculescu (engineer)
The only significant research of this collaboration between Gheorghe Pănculescu and Gustave Eiffel has been done by Prof. Eugen Stănescu, Adjunct Director of the Museum of History and Archaeology in Prahova, Romania. Stănescu went to Paris and researched Eiffel's archives, where he came across the document 'Communication sur les travaux de la tour de 300 m' mentioned above, which gives credit to Pănculescu's innovation and its crucial role to the completion of the tower. On 15 September 2004, during an official ceremony, a local school from Vălenii de Munte dating back from 1774 received the name 'The Gheorghe Pănculescu School of Arts and Crafts' in recognition of the genius of the inventor born in their town.
Charles Émile Egli
Charles Émile Egli was born in Aigle, Switzerland on 30 March 1877.
He was educated in Aigle and then at the college of Vevey.
When he was eighteen he attended engraving classes of Alfred Martin at the school of industrial arts in Geneva.
Four year later he moved to Paris, where he stayed the rest of his life.
Egli studied at the École des Beaux-Arts.
Gustave Lambert
Gustave Lambert was born in Grièges, Ain, on 1 July 1824. He was the son of Jean-Francois Lambert, a notary from Paris, and Rosalie Blanc. 
The family moved from Grieges to Priay, Ain, around 1825. In 1835 Gustave's father became a manufacturer of sugar, and later of candles. 
These businesses were not successful, and in 1840 his father retired to Lyon.
Gustave attended the Collège de Bourg, where he is recorded as a pupil of elementary mathematics in 1842 
He was admitted to the École Polytechnique in 1843. 
Due to problems with discipline, he was expelled from the Polytechnique on 23 April 1845.
Charles Combes
Combes was one of seventy-two people whom Gustav Eiffel chose as people who had made his achievement of building the Eiffel Tower possible. Combes is number fifty in this list. His name is on the side opposite the military academy.
Gustave Eiffel
On 6 October 1868 he entered into partnership with Théophile Seyrig, like Eiffel a graduate of the École Centrale, forming the company Eiffel et Cie ("Eiffel and Company").
In 1875, Eiffel et Cie were given two important contracts, one for a new terminus for the line from Vienna to Budapest and the other for a bridge over the river Douro in Portugal. The station in Budapest was an innovative design. The usual pattern for building a railway terminus was to conceal the metal structure behind an elaborate facade: Eiffel's design for Budapest used the metal structure as the centerpiece of the building, flanked on either side by conventional stone and brick-clad structures housing administrative offices.
William Le Baron Jenney
Jenney was born in Fairhaven, Massachusetts on September 25, 1832, son of William Proctor Jenney and Eliza LeBaron Gibbs. Jenney began his formal education at Phillips Academy, Andover, in 1846, and at the Lawrence Scientific school at Harvard in 1853, but transferred to École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures (École Centrale Paris) to study engineering and architecture.
At École Centrale Paris, he learned the latest iron construction techniques as well as the classical functionalist doctrine of Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand (1760-1834) - Professor of Architecture at the Ecole Polytechnique. He graduated in 1856, one year after his classmate, Gustave Eiffel, the designer of the Eiffel Tower.
Gustav Geley
Geley was born in 1868 at Montceau-les-Mines, France. He studied medicine in Annecy. In 1919, he gave up his practice as a physician and become the director of the Institut Mètapsychique International. He was a spiritist and a believer in reincarnation.
Gustave Lefèvre
Victor Gustave Lefèvre (2 June 1831 in Provins – 17 March 1910 in his home in Boulogne-Billancourt) was a French composer and music educator.
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis
He died in 1843 at the age of 51 in Paris. His name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.
Gustave Eiffel French School of Budapest
Gustave Eiffel French School of Budapest (, LFGEB, ), also known as the French School of Budapest (, LFB, ) is a French international school in Budapest, Hungary. It serves levels early childhood ("maternelle") through high school ("lycée").
Gustave Eiffel
In 1887, Eiffel became involved with the French effort to construct a canal across the Panama Isthmus. The French Panama Canal Company, headed by Ferdinand de Lesseps, had been attempting to build a sea-level canal, but came to the realization that this was impractical. The plan was changed to one using locks, which Eiffel was contracted to design and build. The locks were on a large scale, most having a change of level of . Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888, and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed. Although he was simply a contractor, he was charged along with the directors of the project with raising money under false pretenses and misappropriation of funds. On 9 February 1893 Eiffel was found guilty on the charge of misuse of funds, and was fined 20,000 francs and sentenced to two years in prison, although he was acquitted on appeal. The later American-built canal used new lock designs (see History of the Panama Canal).
Gustave Eiffel
The growth of the railway network had an immense effect on people's lives, but although the enormous number of bridges and other work undertaken by Eiffel were an important part of this, the two works that did most to make him famous are the Statue of Liberty and the Eiffel Tower, both projects of immense symbolic importance and today internationally recognized landmarks. The Tower is also important because of its role in establishing the aesthetic potential of structures whose appearance is largely dictated by practical considerations.
Palácio de Ferro
Palácio de Ferro () is a historical building in the Angolan capital Luanda, "believed to have been designed and built by – or by someone associated with – Gustave Eiffel", builder of the world-famous icons, the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Statue of Liberty in New York City.
Gustave Le Bon
When Le Bon was eight years old, his father obtained a new post in French government and the family, including Gustave's younger brother Georges, left Nogent-le-Rotrou never to return. Nonetheless, the town was proud that Gustave Le Bon was born there and later named a street after him. Little else is known of Le Bon's childhood, except for his attendance at a lycée in Tours, where he was an unexceptional student.
Philip Long
October 23, 1806 - Birth of Philippe Long (II) at l'Islet, Quebec (birthplace of his mother Marie-Julie Couillard-Després). This means that sometime between July 1805 and October 1806, Philip and his family moved from Quebec City to l'Islet.
Riedel (glass manufacturer)
At the age of 27 Josef Jr. visited the World Exhibition in Paris (where Gustave Eiffel inaugurated the tower). At the exhibition he noticed that all the electric lamps on display featured only metal shades. He immediately seized the opportunity. The first glass lampshades to come out of the Riedel factories were shaped like bowls and flowers, and they instantly became an important part of the company's repertory.
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
Viollet-le-Duc was born in Paris in 1814, in the last year of the Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte. His grandfather was an architect, and his father was a high-ranking civil servant, who in 1816 became the overseer of the royal residences of Louis XVIII. His uncle Étienne-Jean Delécluze was a painter, a former student of Jacques-Louis David, an art critic and hosted a literary salon, which was attended by Stendhal and Sainte-Beuve. His mother hosted her own salon, which women could attend as well as men. There, in 1822 or 1823, Eugène met Prosper Mérimée, a writer who would play a decisive role in his career.
Gustave Daladier
Gustave Victorin Daladier was born on 23 March 1888 in Villedieu, France.
Auguste Marie Taunay
Auguste-Marie Taunay was born in Paris in 1768.
He studied sculpture under Jean Guillaume Moitte (1746–1810) at the "École des Beaux-Arts" in Paris.
At the age of 24 he was awarded the first prize for Sculpture, the "Prix de Rome", on 1 September 1792 for a bas-relief.
Due to the turmoil of the early phases of the French Revolution (1789–1799) he did not travel to Rome.
He worked as a sculptor at the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, a porcelain works, from 1802 to 1807.
He decorated the Louvre Palace stairway and made a statue of "The Cuirassier" (1807) for the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel.
Between 1808 and 1814 he exhibited in several Salons.
He made a well-known statue of Napoleon with his arms crossed.
Édith Piaf
Despite numerous biographies, much of Piaf's life is unknown. She was born Édith Giovanna Gassion in Belleville, Paris. Legend has it that she was born on the pavement of Rue de Belleville 72, but her birth certificate cites that she was born on 19 December 1915 at the , a hospital located at the 20th arrondissement.
Gustave Achille Guillaumet
Gustave Guillaumet was born in 1840 in Puteaux (now in the Hauts-de-Seine, Paris).
Émile Nouguier
Émile Nouguier (17 February 1840 – 23 November 1897) was a French civil engineer and architect. He is famous for co-designing the Eiffel Tower, built 1887–1889 for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, France, the Garabit viaduct, the highest in the world at the time, near Ruynes-en-Margeride, Cantal, France, and the Faidherbe Bridge over the Sénégal River in Senegal.
Gustave Belot
Gustave Belot was born 7 August 1859 at Strasbourg, the son of a professor in the faculty of letters at Lyons. He entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1878, taking the philosophy "agrégation" in 1881, and becoming a provincial philosophy instructor at Brest and elsewhere. In 1899 he succeeded Lucien Lévy-Bruhl as professor of philosophy at the "lycée" Louis-le-Grand. In 1911 he was appointed Inspector of the Paris Academy, and in 1913 he became Inspector-General of Secondary Instruction. He died in Paris on 21 December 1929. Informed by Durkheimian sociology, he was a theorist of collectively-held 'lay morality', which was rational and based upon general interest.
Tour Eiffel Bridge
The Tour Eiffel Bridge, also known as the Montcalm Street Bridge is a small but ornate bridge in Gatineau, Quebec. There had long been a bridge across Brewery Creek, but by the 1980s it needed to be replaced. Hull and the National Capital Commission were working to turn the Brewery Creek area into a tourist and cultural district. It was decided to build an ornate structure. Incorporated in the bridge was an original steel girder from the Eiffel Tower, that had been part of a recently disassembled staircase. The girder was donated to Hull by Paris mayor Jacques Chirac. Architects Paul Martineau and Eric Haar modeled the bridge on Parisian style. It opened in 1990.
Gustave-Auguste Ferrié
Gustave-Auguste Ferrié (19 November 1868 – 16 February 1932) was a French radio pioneer and army general.
Ferrié was born in Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, Savoie. After having studied in the southern city of Draguignan, receiving the Claude Gay Prize, and graduating from the École Polytechnique in 1891, he became an officer in the French army's Engineers Corps, specialising in the military telegraph service. After being named to a committee exploring wireless telegraphy between France and England, in 1899 he carried out such communications in collaboration with Guglielmo Marconi.
Gustav Egloff
He was born in New York City on 10 November 1886 to Swiss parents.
Martial Gueroult
Gueroult was born on 15 December 1891 in the city of Le Havre in northwestern France. A veteran of both the First and Second World Wars, he was awarded the Légion d’Honneur [Legion of Honour] and twice with the Croix de Guerre [Cross of War]. It was during his time as a prisoner of war in Germany that Gueroult began drafting his first philosophical work on Johann Gottlieb Fichte, later to become "L’Évolution et la structure de la doctrine de la science chez Fichte" ["The Evolution and Structure of Fichte’s Doctrine of Science"].
Gustave Courbet
Gustave Courbet was born in 1819 to Régis and Sylvie Oudot Courbet in Ornans (department of Doubs). Being a prosperous farming family, anti-monarchical feelings prevailed in the household. (His maternal grandfather fought in the French Revolution.) Courbet's sisters, Zoé, Zélie and Juliette, were his first models for drawing and painting. After moving to Paris he often returned home to Ornans to hunt, fish and find inspiration.
Emile John Lussier
Emile John Lussier was the son of Joseph Emile and Louise Swalwell Lussier. The younger Lussier was born in Chicago on 10 October 1895, and reared there until age fifteen. In 1910, Joseph Lussier moved to Winnipeg to take up a job constructing railroad stations throughout western Canada, and his teenage son went with him. Consequently, he has often been dubbed a French Canadian.
Gustave Monette
Gustave Monette (1 March 1887 – 23 December 1969) was a Progressive Conservative Party member of the Senate of Canada. He was born in Saint-Philippe-de-Laprairie, Quebec and became a barrister and solicitor.
Gaspard Monge
A statue portraying him was erected in Beaune in 1849. Monge's name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the base of the Eiffel Tower.
Philipp von Ferrary
Ferrary was born in the sumptuous Hôtel Matignon, Rue de Varenne in Paris, where he resided until two years prior to his death. Once the festive gathering place for the "Ancien Régime" society, at the start of the Bourbon "Restoration" in 1815, Louis XVIII traded the Hôtel de Matignon for the Élysée Palace. It is now the official residence of the Prime Minister of France.
Eiffel Tower
The design of the Eiffel Tower is attributed to Maurice Koechlin and Émile Nouguier, two senior engineers working for the Compagnie des Établissements Eiffel. It was envisioned after discussion about a suitable centrepiece for the proposed 1889 Exposition Universelle, a world's fair to celebrate the centennial of the French Revolution. Eiffel openly acknowledged that inspiration for a tower came from the Latting Observatory built in New York City in 1853. In May 1884, working at home, Koechlin made a sketch of their idea, described by him as "a great pylon, consisting of four lattice girders standing apart at the base and coming together at the top, joined together by metal trusses at regular intervals". Eiffel initially showed little enthusiasm, but he did approve further study, and the two engineers then asked Stephen Sauvestre, the head of company's architectural department, to contribute to the design. Sauvestre added decorative arches to the base of the tower, a glass pavilion to the first level, and other embellishments.
The new version gained Eiffel's support: he bought the rights to the patent on the design which Koechlin, Nougier, and Sauvestre had taken out, and the design was exhibited at the Exhibition of Decorative Arts in the autumn of 1884 under the company name. On 30 March 1885, Eiffel presented his plans to the ; after discussing the technical problems and emphasising the practical uses of the tower, he finished his talk by saying the tower would symbolise,
Fernand Dubief
Fernand Jean-Baptiste Dubief was born on 14 October 1850 in Varennes-lès-Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire.
His father was a Republican and was deported after the 2 December 1851 coup by Napoleon III.
Dubief received his secondary education in Mâcon.
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 he served in the Armée de la Loire.
He obtained a diploma as a doctor in 1875. 
Dubief was medical director of the lunatic asylum of Saint-Pierre in Marseille from 1886 to 1893, and later was superintendent of the Rhone asylum in Lyon.
He became a Freemason, and sat on the Council of the Grand Orient, the central Freemasonry authority in France.
Gustave Eiffel
In 1881 Eiffel was contacted by Auguste Bartholdi who was in need of an engineer to help him to realise the Statue of Liberty. Some work had already been carried out by Eugène Viollet-Le-Duc, but he had died in 1879. Eiffel was selected because of his experience with wind stresses. Eiffel devised a structure consisting of a four-legged pylon to support the copper sheeting which made up the body of the statue. The entire statue was erected at the Eiffel works in Paris before being dismantled and shipped to the United States.
Philip II of France
Philip was born in Gonesse on 21 August 1165. King Louis VII intended to make his son Philip co-ruler with him as soon as possible, in accordance with the traditions of the House of Capet, but these plans were delayed when Philip, at the age of thirteen, was separated from his companions during a royal hunt and became lost in the Forest of Compiègne. He spent much of the following night attempting to find his way out, but to no avail. Exhausted by cold, hunger and fatigue, he was eventually discovered by a peasant carrying a charcoal burner, but his exposure to the elements meant he soon contracted a dangerously high fever. His father went on pilgrimage to the Shrine of Thomas Becket to pray for Philip's recovery and was told that his son had indeed recovered. However, on his way back to Paris, the king suffered a stroke.
Gustave Eiffel
About six months after his retirement from the Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel, Eiffel was approached by Felix-Max Richard, owner of the Comptoir General de Photographie. Felix-Max Richard had just lost a lawsuit against him by his brother to enforce a noncompetition agreement. Felix-Max Richard appealed the decision but felt he needed a back-up plan if his appeal was denied. On May 28, 1895, the court denied the appeal and Gustave Eiffel bought the Comptoir with three other men: Joseph Vallot, Alfred Besnier, and Leon Gaumont, who was thirty years his junior. The company was renamed L. Gaumont et Cie after its youngest partner because Eiffel did not want his name on the company. Leon Gaumont was manager and Eiffel was president from 1895 through 1906. The company went public in January 1907 and is one of the oldest motion picture companies in the world.
Ponte Eiffel
Ponte Eiffel is a multi-level road–rail bridge in Portugal. It was designed by Gustave Eiffel. It is located in Viana do Castelo District.
Raphaël Fumet
Born in Juilly (Seine-et-Marne), the son of composer Dynam-Victor Fumet (a student with César Franck, 1867–1949), brother of writer Stanislas Fumet, father of flautist Gabriel Fumet, Raphaël Fumet showed exceptional talent as a pianist and improviser at an early age.
In parallel to his studies of musical composition with Vincent d'Indy at the Schola Cantorum de Paris, he was employed in many Parisian cinemas where his extraordinary facilities allowed him to improvise directly on the organ on the images of silent films of that time. His charisma as a musician earned him the friendship of many artists, mainly in Montparnasse; he was especially connected with painters and sculptors as yet unknown as Soutine, Modigliani, Jeannette Hébuterne, Juan Gris, Joseph Bernard…
Writers in Paris
During the "Belle Époque" Paris was the home and inspiration for some of France's most famous writers. Victor Hugo was sixty-eight when he returned to Paris from Brussels in 1871 and took up residence on "Avenue d'Eylau" (now "Avenue Victor Hugo") in the 16th arrondissement. He failed to be re-elected to the National Assembly, but in 1876 he was elected to the French Senate. It was a difficult period for Hugo; his daughter Adèle was placed in an insane asylum, and he his longtime mistress, Juliette Drouet, died in 1883. When Hugo died May 28, 1885 at the age of eighty-three, hundreds of thousands of Parisians lined the streets to pay tribute as his coffin was taken to the "Panthéon", on 1 June 1885.
Émile Zola was born in Paris in 1840, the son of an Italian engineer. He was raised by his mother in Aix-en-Provence, then returned to Paris in 1858 with his friend Paul Cézanne to attempt a literary career. He worked as a mailing clerk for the publisher Hachette, and began attracting literary attention in 1865 with his novels in the new style of naturalism. He described in intimate details the workings of Paris department stores, markets, apartment buildings and other institutions, and the lives of the Parisians. By 1877, he had become famous and wealthy from his writing. He took a central role in the Dreyfus affair, helping win justice for Alfred Dreyfus, a French artillery officer of Alsatian Jewish background, who had falsely been accused of treason.
Jules Favre
He was born in Lyon, and began his career as a lawyer. From the time of the Revolution of 1830, he openly declared himself a republican, and in political trials he took the opportunity to express this opinion. After the Revolution of 1848 he was elected deputy for Lyon to the Constituent Assembly, where he sat among the Moderate Republicans, voting against the socialists. When Louis Napoleon was elected President of France, Favre openly opposed him, and on 2 December 1851 he tried with Victor Hugo and others to organize armed resistance in the streets of Paris. After the "coup d'état", he withdrew from politics, returned to the legal profession, and distinguished himself by his defence of Felice Orsini, the perpetrator of the attack against the life of Napoleon III.
Georges Leclanché
Leclanché was born in 1839 in Parmain (Seine-et-Oise), France, the son of Léopold Leclanché and Eugenie of Villeneuve. Due to the political situation in France, and because his father was a former minister, his parents, also friends of the writer Victor Hugo, decided to take the way of exile in the United Kingdom. He was thus educated in England but completed his education at École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures (École Centrale Paris), one of the top engineering schools in France, graduating in 1860 to begin work as an engineer. He first worked for a French railways company (Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est) where he was in charge of communication infrastructures related to the electrical transmission of time. His interest for the development of efficient electrical cells arose from the problems affecting the existing generation of cells used at this time in the railways. Because of the political situation of the Second Empire in France, he emigrated in Brussels in Belgium where he built a small laboratory. It is there that he developed a first cell based on copper carbonate and then his electrical cell based on zinc (reducing agent) and manganese oxide (oxidizing agent). His invention was rapidly adopted by the Belgian telegraph administration and the railways company of The Netherlands.
Gustave Aimard
Aimard was born "Olivier Aimard" in Paris. As he once said, he was the son of two people who were married, "but not to each other". His father, François Sébastiani de la Porta (1775–1851) was a general in Napoleon’s army and one of the ambassadors of the Louis Philippe government. Sébastini was married to the Duchess de Coigny. In 1806 the couple produced a daughter: Alatrice-Rosalba Fanny. Shortly after her birth the mother died. Fanny was raised by her grandmother, the Duchess de Coigny. According to the "New York Times" of July 9, 1883, Aimard’s mother was Mme. de Faudoas, married to Anne Jean Marie René de Savary, Duke de Rovigo (1774–1833).
Philippe Bourguignon
Philippe Bourguignon was born in Salins, France. He spent his boyhood in Morocco, then as a teen moved to Aix-en-Provence. He has a master's degree in Economics from the Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III and holds a post-graduate diploma from the Institut d'Administration des Entreprises de Paris (IAE Paris). Bourguignon is married with two children.
Gustave Cunéo d'Ornano
Gustave Cunéo d'Ornano was born on 15 November 1845 in Rome.
His grandfather was a former comrade-in-arms of Napoleon who remained attached to the Bonaparte family.
His parents were François Joseph Antoine Cunéo d'Ornano (1798–1863), former officer and prefecture councilor, and Adélaïde Françoise Dyonnet.
He attended the Collège Stanislas de Paris, run by the Marianists, as did the Royalist pretender and his main spokesman in the Chamber of Deputies, Fernand de Ramel.
He studied law and received a license.
During the Second French Empire he was employed by the Prefecture of the Seine.
During the Siege of Paris (1870–71) he served in Paris as a lieutenant in a battalion of Garde Mobile.
He then joined the army of the Versailles government, and helped suppress the Paris Commune.
Gustave Gilbert
Gilbert was born in the state of New York in 1911, the son of Jewish-Austrian immigrants. He won a scholarship from the School for Ethical Culture at the College Town Center in New York. In 1939, Gilbert obtained his Doctor of Philosophy degree in psychology from Columbia University. Gilbert also held a diploma from the American Board of Examiners in professional psychology.
Münchenstein rail disaster
The single-track bridge had been built in 1874–75 by Gustave Eiffel (1832–1923), who went on to build the Eiffel Tower in 1889. The contract was given to Eiffel & Cie by the Jurabahn (later Jura–Simplon Railway), a private railway company. Eiffel's engineering company had already acquired the necessary experience, having previously planned and built numerous railway bridges and viaducts in France such as those at Rouzat and Bouble in the Massif Central.
Gabriel Fauré
Fauré was born in Pamiers, Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées, in the south of France, the fifth son and youngest of six children of Toussaint-Honoré Fauré (1810–85) and Marie-Antoinette-Hélène Lalène-Laprade (1809–87). According to the biographer Jean-Michel Nectoux, the Fauré family dates to the 13th century in that part of France. The family had at one time been substantial landowners, but by the 19th century its means had become reduced. The composer's paternal grandfather, Gabriel, was a butcher whose son became a schoolmaster. In 1829 Fauré's parents married. His mother was the daughter of a minor member of the nobility. He was the only one of the six children to display musical talent; his four brothers pursued careers in journalism, politics, the army and the civil service, and his sister had a traditional life as the wife of a public servant.
Eiffel (band)
It was after serious differences with his record label (Warner Music Group) that the group Eiffel was born in February 1998 from the ashes of Oobik & The Pucks, a group formed in September 1995 which was composed of Romain Humeau, Estelle Humeau, Frédéric Vitani and Nicolas Courret. Disgusted by how the record company managed the group, bassist Frédéric Vitani left and gave his place to Damien Lefèvre.
Gustave Fayet
Gustave Fayet (Béziers, May 20, 1865 - Carcassonne, September 24, 1925) was a French painter. His work is close in style to that of Paul Gauguin or Odilon Redon. He learnt to draw and paint with his father, Gabriel Fayet, and his uncle Léon Fayet, who both admired pre-impressionnist painters such as Adolphe Monticelli or Camille Corot. Gustave Fayet's style is very personal, far from impressionism or academic work, rather more symbolism. Gustave Fayet was also an art collector, he owned works by Degas, Manet, Pissarro and above all Paul Gauguin. Fayet was in fact one of Gauguin's main clients and he lent many of the paintings in his collection for the Gauguin exhibitions between 1903 and 1925. In 1908, he brought the Abbaye de Fontfroide (near Narbonne, France), that he reconstructed and where he exhibited many of the paintings from his collection, among them "Day" and "Night" by Odilon Redon.
Gustave Brion
Gustave Brion (1824-1877) was a French painter and illustrator. He was born at Rothau in the department of Bas-Rhin in 1824, and in 1841 entered at Strasbourg the studio of Gabriel Guérin, with whom he remained three years; he also received tuition from Andreas Friedrich, the sculptor; but he soon afterwards went to Paris, where his first work appeared at the Salon in 1847; it was entitled "Interior of a Farm at Dambach". Six years later he gained a medal of the second class for his 'Schlitteurs de la Foret-Noire' and the "Potato Harvest during an Inundation", the former of which was subsequently burned at Strassburg by the Prussians. His fame was further established by his "Le Train de Bois sur le Rhin" in 1855, and from that time his works continued to increase in public favour, and gained considerable praise and recompense for their author. Brion received numerous medals in 1853, 1863, 1867, 1868, &c., and the decoration of the Legion of Honour in 1863. He died in Paris in 1877.
Eiffel (company)
Eiffel (French "Eiffel Constructions métalliques") is part of the Eiffage group and the descendant of the engineering company Société des Établissements Eiffel founded by Gustave Eiffel, designer of the Eiffel Tower.
Robert de La Rochefoucauld
Robert de La Rochefoucauld was born in Paris, one of 10 children in a family living in a fashionable area near the Eiffel Tower. A son of Olivier de La Rochefoucauld, his family was part of the French nobility and Robert used the aristocratic title of count in his later years. He studied at private schools in Switzerland and Austria, and, at age 15, he received a pat on the cheek from Adolf Hitler on a class visit to his Alpine retreat at Berchtesgaden.
Gustave Eiffel
His contribution to the science of aerodynamics is probably of equal importance to his work as an engineer.
A number of works of Gustave Eiffel are in danger today. Some have already been destroyed, as in Vietnam. A proposal to demolish the railway bridge of Bordeaux (also known as the "passerelle St Jean"), the first major work of Gustave Eiffel, resulted in a large response from the public. Actions to protect the bridge were taken as early as 2002 by the "Association of the Descendants of Gustave Eiffel", joined from 2005 onwards by the Association "Sauvons la Passerelle Eiffel" ("Save the Eiffel Bridge"). They led, in 2010, to the decision to list Eiffel's Bordeaux bridge as a French Historical Monument.
Gustav Fischer (equestrian)
Fischer was born on 8 November 1915 in Meisterschwanden, Switzerland.
François Sagat
François Sagat was born in Cognac, in the south-west of France to French parents of Slovak ancestry. Sagat moved to Paris at the age of eighteen, hoping to work in the fashion industry. Since childhood, Sagat had been fascinated by fashion and passionate about drawing. After studying fashion for two years in Paris and working briefly as an assistant in various fashion houses, Sagat left the profession. In an interview, Sagat said that he was about 23 years old at the time and that he knew people like Karl Lagerfeld and Mario Testino. He said that he had little experience in fashion, did not speak English very well and was unsure about the work, so he was not given the opportunities he wanted, and it actually cost him money to work in the fashion industry because he often was not paid for his work. He did photographic work for several French companies, but he said he was poorly treated and put his career in front of the camera on hold.
Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I
Gustav Klimt was born in 1862 in Baumgarten, near Vienna in Austria-Hungary. He attended the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts (German: Kunstgewerbeschule Wien) before taking on commissions with his brother, Ernst, and a fellow-student Franz von Matsch from 1879. Over the next decade, alongside several private commissions for portraiture, they painted interior murals and ceilings in large public buildings, including the , the and the ceiling of the Great Hall at the University of Vienna.
Gustave Hermite
Gustave Hermite was born in Nancy, France, on June 11, 1863. Fond of sciences, he began studying chemistry in 1884 at the laboratory of the Academy of Neuchâtel in Switzerland, then turned to astronomy. His first communication to the French Academy of Sciences in 1884 deals with an astronomical telescope of its design. In 1885, he became a member of the Astronomical Society of France. He then embarked on developing inventions and in 1887, he designed and made a rangefinder, then in 1888 a small captive helicopter powered by an electric motor attached to a battery on the ground.
Gustave Rives
Bernard Auguste Rives was born 16 September 1858 in Saint-Palais, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Aquitaine region of France. His parents were Pierre Rives and Victoire Etchart. In 1876, he went to Paris to study at the École des Beaux-Arts under Louis-Jules André and Eugène Train.
In addition to designing many apartment and office buildings throughout Paris in the 1880s and 1890s, Rives enlarged and embellished the Grands Magasins Dufayel in Montmartre, with a dome and an unusual curving staircase, as well as large spaces for displaying merchandise.
Gustave Eiffel
Gustave Eiffel's career was facilitated by the Industrial Revolution. For a variety of economic and political reasons, this had been slow to make an impact in France, and Eiffel had the good fortune to be working at a time of rapid industrial development in France. Eiffel's importance as an engineer was twofold. Firstly he was ready to adopt innovative techniques first used by others, such as his use of compressed-air caissons and hollow cast-iron piers, and secondly he was a pioneer in his insistence on basing all engineering decisions on thorough calculation of the forces involved, combining this analytical approach with an insistence on a high standard of accuracy in drawing and manufacture.
Joseph Favre
Joseph Favre was born on 17 February 1849 in Vex, in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. He was the illegitimate child of Victor Leblanc, a Catholic priest, and Madeleine Quinodox. He was orphaned as a young child and only received primary education. A local lawyer raised him and told him that because of his humble origins, he had to choose between becoming a priest or learning a manual trade. When he was aged 14, he was sent as an apprentice cook to an aristocratic family in Sion, capital of Valais. After his three-year apprenticeship, he moved to Geneva to work in the Hôtel Métropole, and at the same time took science classes at the University of Geneva.
Gustave Eiffel
The tower had been a subject of some controversy, attracting criticism both from those who did not believe it feasible and from those who objected on artistic grounds. Just as work began at the Champ de Mars, the "Committee of Three Hundred" (one member for each metre of the tower's height) was formed, led by Charles Garnier and including some of the most important figures of the French arts establishment, including Adolphe Bouguereau, Guy de Maupassant, Charles Gounod and Jules Massenet: a petition was sent to Jean-Charles Alphand, the Minister of Works, and was published by "Le Temps".
Jean Nouvel
Nouvel was born on 12 August 1945 in Fumel, France. He is the son of Renée and Roger Nouvel who were teachers. His family moved often when his father became the county's chief school superintendent. His parents encouraged Nouvel to study mathematics and language, but when he was 16 years old he was captivated by art when a teacher taught him drawing. Although he later said he thought that his parents were guiding him to pursue a career in education or engineering, the family reached a compromise that he could study architecture which they thought was less risky than art.
Eiffel Building
The Eiffel Building (Portuguese: "Edifício Eiffel") is a mixed-use building in the República district of São Paulo, Brazil. It was designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer (1907–2012) and sits on the southwestern of Praça da República, the Square of the Republic. The building was designed in 1953 and completed in 1956. The Eiffel Building is a Brazilian example of the Cartesian skyscraper, a building type developed by Le Corbusier.
Stephen Sauvestre
Charles Léon Stephen Sauvestre (26 December 1847 - 18 June 1919) was a French architect. He is notable for being one of the architects contributing to the design of the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, France.
Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval
He was born in Montrouge. One of the first students in Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres's studio (a strong influence on all Duval's works), Duval took part in the 1829 artists' and scholars' expedition sent by Charles X of France to Greece as the Morea Expedition to produce its archaeological drawings. He first exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1833 with many portraits such as his "Green Lady" (no longer extant) and his "Self-portrait" (still to be seen in the musée des Beaux-Arts de Rennes). In 1834 he exhibited his "Greek shepherd discovering an antique bas-relief". From 1834 to 1836 he took a long Grand Tour to Florence, Rome, and Naples, where he discovered Italian Renaissance art. On returning to France he was one of the artists commissioned to decorate churches by the government of Louis-Philippe then Napoleon III – the Sainte Philomène chapel at the église Saint-Merry (1840–1844), the chapel of the virgin at Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois in Paris (1844–1846) then the parish church of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1849–1856). He also published his memoirs. He died in Paris on Christmas Day, 1885.
Gustave Charles Fagniez
Gustave Charles Fagniez (6 October 1842 – 18 June 1927), French historian and archivist, was born in Paris on 6 October 1842. Trained at the École des Chartes and the École pratique des hautes études, he made his first appearance in the world of scholarship as the author of an excellent book called "Études sur l'industrie et la classe industrielle à Paris au XIII et au XIV siècle" (1877). This work, composed almost entirely from documents, many unpublished, opened a new field for historical study.
Eiffel Tower
Constructed from 1887–1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015.
Gustave Colin
Gustave Colin was born on April 2, 1814 in Pontarlier, France.
François Gall
François Gall was born "Ferenc Erdelyi Gall" in 1912 in Kolozsvár, Hungary (now Cluj Napoca). In 1936, at age 24 years, he moved to Paris. Early in 1939, Gall returned to Kolosvàr to attend the bedside of his dying father. Once there, he could not return to France as the declaration of war was imminent. Gall's war time years were finished in Wels, Austria where he was a medic. He attended to Jewish people. After Austria's liberation from German occupation, Gall returned to his attic at 16 Dauphine Street, Paris and resumed his career as an artist.
Gustave Eiffel
The design of the Eiffel Tower was originated by Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, who had discussed ideas for a centrepiece for the 1889 Exposition Universelle. In May 1884 Koechlin, working at his home, made an outline drawing of their scheme, described by him as "a great pylon, consisting of four lattice girders standing apart at the base and coming together at the top, joined together by metal trusses at regular intervals". Initially Eiffel showed little enthusiasm, although he did sanction further study of the project, and the two engineers then asked Stephen Sauvestre to add architectural embellishments. Sauvestre added the decorative arches to the base, a glass pavilion to the first level and the cupola at the top. The enhanced idea gained Eiffel's support for the project, and he bought the rights to the patent on the design which Koechlin, Nougier, and Sauvestre had taken out. The design was exhibited at the Exhibition of Decorative Arts in the autumn of 1884, and on 30 March 1885 Eiffel read a paper on the project to the Société des Ingénieurs Civils. After discussing the technical problems and emphasising the practical uses of the tower, he finished his talk by saying that the tower would symbolise
Gustav Blondeau
Gustav Jules Eugene Blondeau was an early pilot and went on to form Hewlett & Blondeau Limited, an aircraft manufacturer in the United Kingdom. He was born on 8 March 1871 in Tregnier, France, (a small town to the North East of Paris) and graduated from Farman Aircraft at Mourmelon in France on 10 July 1910, then joining the Gnome engine works. He later opened his own flying school at Brooklands, Surrey, (the famous motor racing circuit) where he met Hilda Hewlett.
Eiffel Bridge, Ungheni
In the nearby city of Iaşi, Gustave Eiffel also built the Grand Hotel Traian (1882).