What is the origin of the "Hoyas" of Georgetown University?
Georgetown Hoyas
The team name is derived from the mixed Greek and Latin chant "Hoya Saxa" (meaning "What Rocks"), which gained popularity at the school in the late nineteenth century. The name "Hoyas" came into use in the 1920s. Most teams have their athletic facilities on the main campus of Georgetown University. The men's basketball team plays most of their home games at the Capital One Arena in downtown Washington, D.C. and the baseball team plays at Shirley Povich Field in Cabin John, Maryland. Lee Reed took over as the school's athletic director in April 2010.
History of Georgetown University
In 1874, Patrick Francis Healy became president of Georgetown University, becoming the first African American president of a predominantly white university. Healy's influence on Georgetown was so far-reaching that he is often referred to as the school's "second founder." He modernized the curriculum by requiring courses in the sciences, particularly chemistry and physics. Healy and his successors sought to bind the professional schools into a university, and concentrate on higher education. The most visible result of Healy's presidency was the construction of a large building begun in 1877 and first used in 1881, later named Healy Hall in his honor.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
In 1953, former Baltimore Bullets player Buddy Jeannette coached the team to its first National Invitation Tournament invitation, but it lost in the first round to Louisville. Top players from this period include Tom O'Keefe, the first Hoya to reach 1,000 career points in 1949–50, and future National Football League Commissioner Paul Tagliabue, who graduated second in Hoya career rebounds in 1962. O'Keefe returned to coach the team from 1960 until 1966. In 1966 the school hired John "Jack" Magee, who had led Boston College as a player to its first NCAA Tournament bid. Magee had some relative success early on, as he led the team to the 1970 NIT, just its third post-season appearance ever. However, the team lost to LSU in the first round, and a losing season the subsequent year, followed up with a three-win season in 1971–72, the worst in school history, ultimately led to his dismissal. This was the last time a Hoyas head coach suffered back-to-back losing seasons for over 35 years.
History of Georgetown University
Beginning in 1783, Carroll convened meetings of area clergy, mostly ex-Jesuits, at Sacred Heart Church in White Marsh, outside Annapolis, Maryland. This body, known as the General Chapters, resolved on November 13, 1786, that "a school be erected for the education of youth" and that the location for the school would be in Georgetown. The site was influenced by Carroll's experience with Jesuit colleges in Europe, which were located in urban centers. Port towns were used by Jesuits because of their missionary focus. By March 1787, they formed a fund raising committee, and Carroll solicited formal proposals for an "academy, at George-town, Patowmack-River, Maryland." The District of Columbia's borders wouldn't be defined until the passage and implementation of the Residence Act in 1790.
American Debate Association
Georgetown University
2016–17 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
At forward, senior Reggie Cameron, juniors Isaac Copeland, Trey Mourning, and L. J. Peak, and sophomores Marcus Derrickson and Kaleb Johnson all returned for 2016–2017. Junior guard Tre Campbell and sophomore center Jesse Govan also came back for another season. Forward Akoy Agau, who had transferred from Louisville in January 2015 and had planned to begin play for Georgetown in January 2016 after sitting out the two full semesters the National Collegiate Athletic Association mandated for transferring players, had missed the entire 2015–2016 season while recovering from knee surgery, but he finally would make his Georgetown debut in 2016–2017 as a redshirt junior. A surprise returnee from the previous season was fifth-year senior center Bradley Hayes; he was due to graduate in 2016, and virtually everyone, including Hayes himself, believed as the 2015–2016 season came to an end that his college career was over. However, John Thompson III applied for an NCAA waiver that would allow Hayes to return for a fifth year as a redshirt senior in 2016–2017 because he had played in only nine games and for only 14 minutes during his freshman year and had a semester to go to complete his degree. The NCAA granted the waiver, provided that Hayes sat out the first four games of the 2016–2017 season. The team's former student manager, junior guard Ra'Mond Hines, who had made the team for the first time as a walk-on late the previous season, also returned to the team for 2016–2017, again as a walk-on.
There Goes Old Georgetown
During men's and women's basketball games, the line "Straight for a touchdown" is typically changed to "Straight for a rebound," which allows the rhyme to continue. In some editions, both the football and basketball versions are sung back to back, while others repeat the first two verses. The final verse is usually followed by a call and response of the school cheer, "Hoya Saxa." Anyone can start the Georgetown fight song by asking a large group of Hoyas, "How long's it been?" The group will reply with the fight song. With a properly motivated Hoya crowd, starting and holding the long low base note of "It's…" will also work.
Georgetown Hoyas
Blue and gray are the official colors of Georgetown University and its athletic teams. The colors are an important reminder of the school's past. During the American Civil War, Prussian blue was commonly used in Union uniforms, while cadet grey was used in Confederate uniforms. These colors were introduced by the rowing team in 1876, who deemed blue and gray "appropriate colors for the [Boat] Club and expressive of the feeling of unity between the Northern and Southern boys of the College." Girls from neighboring Georgetown Visitation sewed the original uniforms together for the team and presented the Boat Club with a blue and gray banner reading "Ocior Euro" (Swifter than the Wind).
Georgetown Hoyas
In 1999, Scott R. Pilarz, S.J., with the help of the Hoya Blue fan club, revived the tradition of an official live bulldog named Jack, to work along with the costumed mascot. When Pilarz left for the University of Scranton in 2003, taking Jack with him, Georgetown secured a new bulldog puppy and found another Jesuit, Christopher Steck, S.J., to care for him. The current bulldog is named "John S. Carroll," a play on the name of Georgetown's founder, which name allows for continuation of the "Jack the Bulldog" nickname. After Jack injured his leg in 2012, two Georgetown parents donated a younger bulldog puppy, who the school refers to as "Jack Jr."
1981–82 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Georgetowns move from on-campus McDonough Gymnasium to the Capital Centre for its home games had been prompted by a surge in fan interest in the team as its prominence grew, especially after Ewings arrival sparked great excitement; average attendance at Georgetown games was twice that of the previous season. The Hoyas started the season 11-2 against non-conference opponents, with senior guard and team co-captain Eric "Sleepy" Floyd getting off to an uncharacteristically slow start but then returning to his role as the teams leading scorer, with a combined 41 points in games against American and George Washington, 27 against Nevada-Las Vegas, and 14 of Georgetowns 38 points in a pre-shot-clock-era slow-down game against Columbia.
The Hoya
The first issue of "The Hoya" was published on January 14, 1920, under the editorship of Joseph R. Mickler, Jr. Student journalism at Georgetown can be traced as far back as 1824 and the appearance of a hand-copied publication titled "Minerva." "The Hoya", however, was distinguished from previous student publications by its intent to be a comprehensive university newspaper. The publication took its name from the phrase “Hoya Saxa,” which had been adopted as a common chant at Georgetown sports events in the 1890s. The popularity of the term spread as local newspapers often cited "The Hoya", and "Hoya" began to be widely applied to campus organizations and to athletic groups themselves.
Georgetown Hoyas
Georgetown's nickname is The Hoyas, but its mascot is "Jack the Bulldog." Various breeds of dogs have been used by the sports teams as mascots since the early 1900s. Several notable bull terriers like Sergeant Stubby and "Hoya" were used at football games in the 1920s, as was a Great Dane in the 1940s. However, in 1951, the school suspended its football program because of the increasing cost of the game financially and academically, which left the school without an official live mascot.
Gluyas Williams
Born in San Francisco, California, son of Robert and Virginia Williams, his name (pronounced GLUE-yass) reflected his Cornish ancestry. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard in 1911. In college, he was a member of the "Harvard Lampoon".
The Georgetown Chimes
Asking around Georgetown's campus, Jones attempted to recruit the best talents he could find, starting with Chuck Laiosa, who was known to be Georgetown's best bass singer. Jones and Laiosa's new-found group started as a branch of Georgetown's Glee Club, but separated after fifteen years, becoming “The Georgetown Chimes” that are known today. The Chimes got their name from the original bells that hung from the South Tower of Healy Hall, after Jones heard them ring during one of the group's rehearsals. When these bells eventually fell into disrepair, the Chimes used donations brought in by their performance on the Ed Sullivan Show to replace them.
Georgetown Hoyas football
The Georgetown Hoyas football team represents Georgetown University in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision level of college football. Like other sports teams from Georgetown, the team is named the Hoyas, which derives from the chant, "Hoya Saxa". They play their home games at Cooper Field on the Georgetown University campus in Washington, D.C.
Georgetown Hoyas
The football team at Georgetown was first formed on November 1, 1874, with the earliest recorded games dating to 1887. By the 1940s, Georgetown had one of the better college football teams in America, and played in the 1941 Orange Bowl, where they lost 14–7 to Mississippi State. As the college game became more expensive after World War II, however, Georgetown's program began to lose money rapidly. The Hoyas last successful season was 1949, when they lost in the Sun Bowl against Texas Western. However the program was losing too much money, and on March 22, 1951, the university's president canceled the football program.
George Halas Jr.
George Stanley Halas Jr. (September 4, 1925 – December 16, 1979), nicknamed "Mugs," was one of four presidents in the history of the Chicago Bears franchise of the National Football League (NFL). He was the son of George Halas, who was a player, head coach, and owner of the Bears, and the co-founder of the NFL. George Jr. joined the Bears' front office in 1950. He became the treasurer in 1953 and president of the club in 1963. After 16 years as the club president, he died on the last day of the 1979 regular season. The George Halas Jr. Sports Center was dedicated on September 2, 1982 on the campus of Loyola University in Chicago. He was a graduate of Loyola University's School of Commerce.
2015–16 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
A driving force in the success of the original Big East Conference of 1979–2013 during its 34 seasons of play was Georgetown′s rivalry with Syracuse, but play between the teams had come to an end after the conclusion of the 2012-13 season when the conference broke up during the summer of 2013. The original conference survived as the American Athletic Conference (marketed as "the American"), but Georgetown and Syracuse left it, the Hoyas to become a charter member of the new Big East Conference and the Orange to join the Atlantic Coast Conference, and they had gone two seasons without meeting. To renew the rivalry, the schools agreed to a home-and-home series in which Georgetown hosted Syracuse this season and would visit Syracuse the next season, with the hope that the teams would continue to meet annually after that. As a result, Georgetown's homestand continued with its first meeting with Syracuse since 2013. The No. 14 Orange were the Hoyas′ third ranked opponent of the season, and they arrived at the Verizon Center on December 5 with a record of 6–1, having lost their first game of the year to Wisconsin three days earlier. Syracuse head coach Jim Boeheim, who had coached the Orange throughout the original Big East′s run, was not present, however, as he began serving a nine-game NCAA suspension that day because of various NCAA rules violations, and assistant coach Mike Hopkins led the Orange. The Hoyas took a 36–24 lead at the half, and started the second half with an 11-2 run to pull ahead 47-26. The Orange battled back, closing to a six-point deficit in the last minute of the game, but the Hoyas held on for a 79–72 upset victory, their fifth defeat of Syracuse in the last seven meetings between the schools, and their first win of the season over a ranked opponent. Bradley Hayes scored a career-high 21 points along with eight rebounds, while Isaac Copeland finished with 14 points, Marcus Derrickson finished with his first career double-double (13 points and 10 rebounds), and D'Vauntes Smith-Rivera added 11 points. For the first time in the 2015–2016 season, Georgetown had a winning record, at 4–3.
Georgetown Hoyas
The basketball and lacrosse teams use gray as their primary color in home jerseys, with blue in away jerseys. White is also frequently used as an accent to these colors, and is actually the main color in the football and baseball teams' away jerseys and the soccer team's home jerseys. Campus spirit groups often encourage students to "bleed Hoya blue," a slogan used on teeshirts and bumper stickers sold to fans. Fans are generally encouraged to wear gray to home games, and sellouts are referred to as a "gray out." Though various shades are used, the primary ones suggested by the school's identification policy are pantone 409 and pantone 282, which is the same shade as Oxford Blue.
2016–17 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
On April 3, 2017, Georgetown announced that it had hired Patrick Ewing as its next head basketball coach. Generally regarded as the greatest player in Georgetown history, Ewing had been Georgetown's star center from 1981 to 1985, leading the Hoyas to three appearances in the NCAA Tournament championship game and the 1984 national championship, then going on to a Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame NBA career as a player from 1985 to 2002 and as an assistant coach from 2002 to 2017. It was Ewing's first head coaching job at any level of basketball, and it marked his first foray into college basketball since his graduation from Georgetown in 1985.
Wahoos
Wahoos, often shortened to 'Hoos, is an unofficial nickname for sports teams of the University of Virginia (officially the Cavaliers), and more generally, a nickname for University students and alumni.
1907–08 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Joyce had introduced the new sport of basketball to Washington, D.C., in 1892 – the year after its invention by James Naismith – and had fostered its development there over the next 15 years as Director of Physical Education at the Carroll Institute. In the autumn of 1906, Georgetown had hired him as its athletic director with an eye toward developing a men's basketball program at the school, and he had founded the program late that year, in time to field Georgetowns first team in the 1906-07 season. That team had had no coach, relying instead on an elected student manager to provide leadership, monitor the teams finances, and schedule games and practices – roles now performed by the schools athletic department and coach. For Georgetowns second season in 1907-08, Joyce formally became the teams first head coach, although this did not diminish the role of the student manager, who continued in his duties; rather, the head coach acted as a teacher and faculty advisor, available to provide advice to the players during games rather than lead the team on the court. It was not until the late 1920s that the modern role of the head coach as in-game leader emerged.
Connecticut–Georgetown men's basketball rivalry
The Connecticut–Georgetown men's basketball rivalry is an American college basketball rivalry between the Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team of the University of Connecticut and Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team of Georgetown University. Georgetown leads the all-time series 36–30.
2011–12 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 2011–12 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University in the 2011–2012 NCAA Division I basketball season. They were led by John Thompson III and played their home games at the Verizon Center. They are a member of the Big East Conference. Prior to the season, the Hoyas made a goodwill trip to China for several matches with local teams. U.S. Vice President Joe Biden attended their first game, a win over the Shanxi Zhongyu Brave Dragons. Their second game, against the Bayi Rockets, however ended in a brawl, causing the team to leave the court while Chinese fans threw garbage and debris. Georgetown won their final games against the Liaoning Dinosaurs and the Taiwanese national team without incident.
2010–11 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Georgetown began the season with six straight wins over unranked opponents. In their season opener, at Old Dominion, they broke the Monarchs′ 23-game home winning streak – the fourth-longest active streak in the United States, dating back to January 2009 – behind 19 points by Chris Wright, 18 by Jason Clark, and 17 by Austin Freeman. Following a win in their home opener over Tulane in which Freeman scored 23 points, Jason Clark had a double double with 17 points and 11 rebounds, and Vee Sanford contributed 10 points off the bench, the Hoyas traveled to Charleston, South Carolina, to take part in the Charleston Classic as its only ranked team. As NASCAR driver and former Hoya player Brendan Gaughan looked on from the stands, they won the opener against Coastal Carolina, with Clark scoring 22 points, Freeman scoring 20, and Chris Wright getting a double double with 12 points and 12 rebounds. They followed this with a semifinal win over Wofford in which Julian Vaughn had a double double with 12 points and 10 rebounds, Chris Wright had a game-high 18 points, and Austin Freeman scored 14, and a victory in the final game over North Carolina State to win the tournament. In the championship game, the Hoya starters had a balanced attack against the Wolfpack, with Hollis Thompson scoring a game-high 18 points, Wright 17, Freeman 15, and Clark 14. Ranked No. 16 in the AP Poll, the Hoyas then returned to the Verizon Center, where Freeman tied a school record shared by Mark Tillmon and Darrel Owens by hitting seven three-pointers, going 7-for-9 (77.7%) from three-point range, and scored 32 points in a win over UNC Asheville. Julian Vaughn scored 16 points against the Bulldogs, and Jason Clark had a double double with 11 points and 10 rebounds.
Jack the Bulldog
Dogs have been associated with the school's sports teams on an unofficial basis since the late nineteenth century. Early dog mascots may have included a mutt called Hoya around 1900, a Borzoi named Richmond Jack in 1906, a bulldog named Hoya in 1907, and a Boston Bull Terrier in 1911. At that time, most mascots were primarily associated with the school's football team, and were cared for by students or individual sports teams, rather than the administration.
Sergeant Stubby, a part bull terrier and a decorated World War I war dog, came to campus in 1921 with J. Robert Conroy who was attending Georgetown Law at the time. The school football team used Stubby as a popular halftime show where he would push a football across the field, which established him as a campus celebrity. After Stubby died in 1926, the team then chose a female bull terrier named Jazz Bo, who had been brought to campus by Georgetown College student Paul Van Laanen. Jazz Bo was retitled "Hoya" by the students, after the traditional "Hoya Saxa" school cheer. The athletic teams are possibly named, in turn, for this dog. When "Hoya" gave birth to a daughter, students named the puppy "Saxa".
2001–02 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
With no NCAA bid, Georgetown instead received an invitation to play in the 2002 National Invitation Tournament (NIT), but Esherick declined it. He explained his controversial decision by saying that Georgetowns home court, the MCI Center, was booked to host the East Regional of the 2002 NCAA Tournament, meaning that accepting the NIT invitation would have required the Hoyas to play on the road in the West for two weeks, forcing his players to miss many of their classes. After playing a similar schedule the previous season during the 2001 NCAA Tournament, Esherick had concluded that missing so many classes to play in the NCAA Tournament would have been worth it because of the chance to win a national championship, but that missing them to play in the NIT, a tournament which did not offer a chance for a national championship, was not in the best interest of Georgetowns players. Georgetown became only the second team in history to turn down an NIT bid, and the first to do so since Louisville turned down an invitation to the 1987 NIT.
1921–22 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The Hoyas home winning streak at Ryan Gymnasium reached 44 games at the end of this season, dating back to a victory against Bucknell on the last day of the 1916-17 season; it would reach 52 before finally coming to an end during the 1923-24 season. A highlight of the home season at Ryan was a major upset when Georgetown defeated highly rated Kentucky, which had won the first Southern Conference championship the previous season. Georgetown also defeated crosstown rival George Washington twice this season, giving the Hoyas a 16-game winning streak against George Washington – 11 of the wins at Ryan Gymnasium – dating back to 1915.
1940 Georgetown Hoyas football team
The 1940 Georgetown Hoyas football team represented Georgetown University during the 1940 college football season. The Hoyas were led by ninth-year head coach Jack Hagerty and played their home games at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C.. The team carried into the year a two-year, 16-game unbeaten streak, which ended at 23 games after a tightly contested loss to eventual co-national champion Boston College. Georgetown ended the regular season with a record of 8–1, ranked 13th in the AP Poll, the only ranked finish in Hoyas team history. They were invited to the 1941 Orange Bowl, where they lost to Mississippi State, 7–14.
2017–18 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Regardless of the debate over their schedule, the Hoyas began their season two months to the day after it was announced, on November 12, opening a three-game homestand by facing Jacksonville at Capital One Arena, as the Verizon Center had been renamed in August 2017. It was Ewing's first game as a head coach at any level, and in honor of the occasion Ewing's former college and NBA rival Michael Jordan, former Georgetown and NBA players Alonzo Mourning and Dikembe Mutombo, Washington Wizards and former Georgetown player Otto Porter Jr., Wizards head coach Scott Brooks, and Ewing's former New York Knicks coach and television analyst Jeff Van Gundy all were in the crowd, and Ewing told the press that his high-school coach also was at the game. The crowd cheered loudly when Ewing first walked onto the court about 10 minutes before the opening tipoff, and gave him an ovation when the spotlight fell on him during pregame introductions. The Hoyas held the Dolphins – who were coming off their first winning season in six years – to 23.3 percent shooting from the field in the first half and 32.7 percent for the game as Georgetown cruised to a 73–57 victory and Ewing's first head-coaching win. Jesse Govan led the Hoyas with a double-double (20 points and 15 rebounds), and Marcus Derrickson also scored 20.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
Several Hoya basketball players are famous purely for their off-court accomplishments. Brendan Gaughan, who walked onto the basketball squad, is a driver in NASCAR's Truck Series and also raced one season in the Cup Series. James L. Jones, who played for the Hoyas in the mid-1960s before joining the Marine Corps, went on to become Commandant of the Marine Corps, Supreme Allied Commander Europe, and President Obama's National Security Advisor. Paul Tagliabue, who played in the early 1960s and was one of the leading rebounders in school history, became Commissioner of the National Football League from 1989–2006 and later served as Georgetown's Chairman of the Board of Directors. Henry Hyde, who led Georgetown to its first national final, was elected a member of Congress from Illinois and Chairman of House Judiciary Committee. He received the nation's highest civilian honor, the Medal of Freedom. William Shea, who played in the 1920s, was the New York attorney who brought the New York Mets to the city. Shea Stadium, now demolished and replaced on-site by the Mets' current home of Citi Field, was named in his honor.
1969–70 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
With White consistently scoring in double figures and Laughna beginning the season and his varsity career with a 14-rebound performance against American, the Hoyas went 12-2 in the seasons first 14 games. In an unusual event during this stretch that would prove significant later, they were losing 41-26 on December 18, 1969, in the first half at an 18th-ranked Jacksonville team led by Artis Gilmore when hostile Jacksonville fans flooded onto the court, prompting Magee to pull his team from the game. The games officials ruled it a Georgetown forfeit and gave the Hoyas a loss. Georgetown appealed the decision to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and in February 1970 the NCAA overruled the officials decision and declared the game a "no contest," meaning that neither Georgetown or Jacksonville would be credited with a win or loss for the game.
HokieBird
Fans of Virginia Tech athletics have referred to the teams by the nickname Fighting Gobblers since the early 20th century. According to the Virginia Tech university relations, the name originated in 1909, when football coach Branch Bocock initiated his players into the "Gobbler Club", a name which appeared in print that same year. Another popular legend regarding the origin of the "Gobblers" moniker refers to when the university was a military college known as the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (VAMC). As future military officers and gentlemen, cadets were not allowed to look at their plates as they ate. To do so was termed "gobbling" your food and was a cause for punishment. Athletes were given increased portions of food and in consideration of the limited meal time, were allowed to "gobble" their meals. Because of this, the sports teams for VAMC became known as "The Gobblers". The 1909 football team was the first team to be referred to in print as the "Gobblers", and it became the official nickname in 1912.
Hawkeye State
The men responsible for the promotion of this nickname are thought to be Judge David Rorer of Burlington and newspaper publisher James G. Edwards. The city of Burlington had been established in 1833 after the previous year's Black Hawk War. Edwards changed the name of his Burlington newspaper, "The Iowa Patriot", to "The Hawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot" in tribute to friend Chief Black Hawk, a Sauk leader. Edwards proposed the nickname "Hawk-eyes" in 1838 to "...rescue from oblivion a memento, at least, of the name of the old chief", Black Hawk. The University of Iowa's athletic teams are nicknamed the Hawkeyes and feature a mascot named Herky the Hawk.
Hoya Saxa
The phrase was first used at Georgetown University sometime before 1893, when it was noted in publications about Georgetown's football games against Swarthmore College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. By 1894, chanting the phrase was considered a well-established tradition, and its use at commencement and alumni celebrations was also published. The exact origin or original use of the cheer is however unknown. Probable theories suggest it either refers to the stalwart defense of the football team or to one of the baseball teams, which was named the "Stonewalls". The baseball team was founded in 1870 while the football team formed in 1874, and the cheer was used at both sports' events by the 1890s. It might also refer to the actual stone wall that surrounds the campus, for which the baseball team was named.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
Georgetown's official colors are blue and gray. The colors were selected in 1876 by the Georgetown College Boat Club (the original crew team) in honor of Georgetown students and alumni who wore the Union blue and Confederate gray in the Civil War. A student committee declared blue and gray "as appropriate colors for the Boat Club and expressive of the feeling of unity between the Northern and Southern boys of the College", and recommended its adoption for the team. By the time the men's varsity basketball team was formed, the blue and gray colors were already widely adopted by the school.
2015–16 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
As the oldest Jesuit university in the United States, Georgetown had hoped that the team would be granted an audience with Pope Francis at the Vatican, but this proved impossible to arrange. However, the trip to Italy went far more smoothly than the 2011 visit to China, and the Hoyas took breaks from play to visit the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, Trevi Fountain, the Pantheon, the Altare della Patria, the Spanish Steps, St. Peter’s Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
1942–43 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
In the tournament quarterfinals at Madison Square Garden, Georgetown faced New York University, which had defeated the Hoyas 16 times in their last 21 meetings dating back to the 1921–1922 season and was the 2-to-1 favorite of New York City sportswriters, but Georgetown won in an upset, 55-36, with Mahnken scoring 18 points for the Hoyas. In the semifinals, the Hoyas were 3-to-1 underdogs to DePaul under first-year head coach Ray Meyer and led by their dominating center George Mikan. Following Ripleys strategy for the game, Kraus and Georgetown sophomore guard Billy Hassett kept Mikan busy in the middle while Hoya center Mahnken scored with outside shooting. The plan did succeed in allowing Georgetown to score, but also left Mikan fairly free to score for DePaul at the other end; despite this, Georgetown closed to 28-23 when Hoya guard Lloyd Potolicchio scored on a 50-foot (15-meter) shot at the buzzer at the end of the first half. The Hoyas pulled ahead in the second half, but Mahnken fouled out with 10 minutes left. Ripley put Henry Hyde, seven inches shorter than Mikan, in to play center. Hyde managed to keep Mikan in check, and Georgetown upset DePaul 53-49, prompting a Hoya fan to shout "Believe it or not...by Ripley!", a quote which received wide publicity. Hassett, a very reliable passer and outside shooter for the Hoyas, had 11 points in the game.
Georgetown Hoyas
The Georgetown University men's basketball team is perhaps the most well-known Hoya program. Georgetown's first intercollegiate men's basketball team was formed in 1907. Former Georgetown great Patrick Ewing is the head coach. The Hoyas historically have been well regarded not only for their team success, but also for their ability to generate players that after graduation succeed both on the court, such as Patrick Ewing, and off, such as Paul Tagliabue and Henry Hyde. The team has reached the NCAA Tournament Final Four five times including the 1984 national championship, and has won the Big East Tournament seven times, and has also won or shared the Big East regular season title ten times.
Timothy S. Healy
On July 1, 1976, Healy became the 46th President of Georgetown University. He was the first alumnus of Georgetown to be appointed president since Alphonsus J. Donlon, who served from 1912 to 1918. During his 13-year tenure, Georgetown emerged into the national spotlight as a top institution. Admissions doubled, the university endowment increased from $38 million to nearly $228 million, and the campus facilities expanded to reflect the university's rising academic prestige. While at Georgetown, in addition to his duties as President of the University, he also taught Shakespeare. Healy's tenure was not without controversy, however, as his conservative views roiled the campus at times, particularly over whether or not to divest from investments in companies operating in South Africa. Healy also sold the WGTB broadcasting license to the University of the District of Columbia for $1 in 1979 in order to silence its generally liberal voice. UDC would resell the license to C-SPAN for $25 million two decades later.
2005–06 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 2005–06 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team was an NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Big East Conference representing Georgetown University. The team raced out to an 11–4 record including an 8–2 mark in out of conference play. John Thompson III's first notable win with the team took place on January 21, 2006 in the 16th game of the season when unranked Georgetown upset No. 1 Duke University. This was Georgetown's first win over a No. 1 ranked team in 21 years. The team received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament and advanced to the Minneaspolis Region Semifinal in the "Sweet Sixteen", where it came the closest of any team to beating the eventual national champion, Florida.
Georgetown Hoyas
The Georgetown Fight Song, known as "There Goes Old Georgetown", is actually an amalgamation of three songs, only the oldest of which, 1913's "The Touchdown Song", contains the lyric "here goes old Georgetown". Students combined a version of "The Touchdown Song" with "Cheer for Victory", written in 1915, and "The Hoya Song", written in 1930, both of which are included in their entirety. The authors of these songs, and of the combined version, are unknown.
Wahoos
The yell was invented as an Indian yell for Dartmouth College by Dartmouth student Daniel Rollins in 1878. "Corks & Curls", the University of Virginia annual, regularly printed lists of the yells and colors of the various colleges; in 1888 it included Dartmouth's school yell, a part of which was the phrase "wa-hoo-wa." University of Virginia students soon incorporated the phrase "wa-hoo-wa" into their own, longer school yell, and individual U.Va. fraternities also adopted it and modified it. It was common for such student culture to travel: the University of Illinois also adopted "wa-hoo-wa." Dartmouth students, meanwhile, largely stopped using the Indian yell during the 1980s along with the accompanying Indian mascots, symbols, and nickname.
McDonough Gymnasium
Before McDonough opened, the Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team had played its home games in an on-campus facility only from the 1914-15 season through the 1926-27 season, when the Hoyas played at Ryan Gymnasium. McDonoughs opening allowed the Georgetown mens team to move back on campus, and it was the home court of the Hoyas for 30 seasons, from 1951-52 through 1980-81. Play at McDonough began with a 57-50 loss to Fordham on December 7, 1951 – the day before McDonoughs official opening – but the team went on to post an 11-1 home record in McDonoughs inaugural season. The Hoyas had a .500 or better home record in 29 of their 30 seasons at McDonough.
James A. Doonan
James Aloysius Doonan (November 8, 1841 – April 12, 1911) was an American Catholic priest and a Jesuit. He served as the president of Georgetown University from 1882 to 1888, during which time he oversaw the completion and naming of Gaston Hall and construction of a new building for the School of Medicine; he also acquired the two cannons in front of Georgetown's Healy Hall. He was a financially successful president as well, having reduced the university's burdensome debt that had accrued during the construction of Healy Hall. He spent his later years teaching and ministering at Boston College and Saint Joseph's College in Philadelphia, as well as at St. Francis Xavier College in New York and at the Catholic Summer School of America.
Georgetown Hoyas
Georgetown's fight song is rare among U.S. university fight songs for mentioning other colleges by name. Specifically, it mentions Yale University, Harvard University, Princeton University, College of the Holy Cross, the United States Naval Academy, and Cornell University, who were all rivals of Georgetown in the early to mid-20th century, and mocks their fight songs. In recent years the Hoyas only play Cornell and Holy Cross regularly (in football), and many of these schools no longer use the fight songs that Georgetown's song mocks.
1980–81 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
One of the most important events of the season took place off the court when, on February 2, 1981, Patrick Ewing, a senior center at Cambridge Rindge and Latin School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, committed to play college basketball at Georgetown the following season. Ewing – destined to become Georgetown′s head coach in 2017 after a lengthy post-graduation career as a player and coach in the National Basketball Association – generally is considered the best men's basketball player in Georgetown history, and his arrival would transform the Georgetown men's basketball program into an established national power.
2013–14 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Although Georgetown was a member of the Big East Conference, it was not the storied conference the Hoyas had joined as a charter member in 1979. The original Big East Conference still existed, but under a new name, as the American Athletic Conference – marketed as "the American" – and Georgetown this season was a charter member of an entirely new conference also named the Big East. Both the new Big East and the American claimed the history and heritage of the original Big East as their own, and the new Big East had many aspects that were reminiscent of the old Big East. Like the old conference during in its early days, the new Big East was a basketball-only conference that played a regular-season schedule made up of each team hosting and visiting each other team once – something that had become impractical in the old conference as it expanded in the interest of college football programs – and it also maintained the old Big East's tradition of holding its conference championship tournament, the Big East Tournament, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The new conference also included traditional Georgetown foes; among schools that had transferred from the old conference to the new one were three other charter members of the original conference (Providence, St. John's, and Seton Hall) and a second-season addition to the old Big East (Villanova), as well as two schools that had joined the old Big East more recently (DePaul and Marquette). However, other aspects of the new conference were quite different from the old one. Three of its members (Butler, Creighton, and Xavier) had no association at all with the original Big East, and two of them were among the better teams in the conference in its first year, while Georgetown-St. John's meetings lacked the national notability they had enjoyed in the old conference's heyday. Moreover, Georgetown would no longer face traditional foes such as Connecticut – a charter member of the original Big East which remained in the American, not on Georgetown's schedule for the first time since the 1979-80 season – and Pittsburgh – a fourth-season addition to the old conference which had joined the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and was not on Georgetown's schedule for the first time since the 1981-82 season. Most notably, archrival Syracuse (which also had joined the ACC) was no longer on Georgetown's schedule, missing from it for the first time since the 1978-79 season. Both the new Big East and Georgetown felt the absence of Syracuse particularly keenly because of the role the Georgetown-Syracuse rivalry had played in the original Big East throughout its 34-season history. As the new Big East began play, media observers opined that the new conference was weaker on the court than the old one and lacked the luster of its predecessor and would have to build new rivalries and a new history of its own if it was to prevail in the sports marketplace.
Georgetown Hoyas
Georgetown has won 2 NCAA Division 1 team national championships.
Georgetown has won 23 NCAA Division 1 individual national championships:Georgetown has also won 1 NCAA Division 2 individual national championship:Georgetown University fields numerous club sports teams. They range from club versions of varsity sports, such as tennis or basketball, to sports for which there is no varsity equivalent, such as men and women's Water Polo Clubs or Ultimate Frisbee. The university began supporting club teams in 2000. Though other teams exist, such as the Georgetown University Croquet Society, the Club Sports Board at Georgetown supports eleven men's club teams, nine women's, and three co-ed teams (year founded in parentheses):The Georgetown University Rugby Football Club is the intercollegiate men's rugby union team that represents Georgetown in the USA Rugby Division II competition. It was founded in the spring semester of 1967 by former members of the Washington D.C. Rugby Football Club including graduate student Michael Murphy. In 2005, Georgetown's first reached the Final Four of the USA Rugby Collegiate Division II National Tournament. The "Hoya Ruggers" again reached for the semifinals in 2009 in Palo Alto, California, and have had an undefeated 2009-10 season.
1978–79 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Although retaining its status as an independent, Georgetown was in its fifth season as a member of the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC), a loosely organized sports federation that held three regional post-season Division I basketball tournaments in 1979 for independent Eastern colleges and universities similar to the end-of-season conference tournaments held by conventional college basketball conferences, with each tournament winner receiving an at-large bid to the 1979 NCAA Basketball Tournament. The Hoyas had won their regional tournament in 1975 and 1976 to earn an NCAA Tournament bid, but had been knocked out of their ECAC tournament in the semifinals the past two years and had to settle for a berth in the National Invitation Tournament. This season, they played in the ECAC South-Upstate Region Tournament. After defeating Old Dominion in the semifinal, they met No.6-ranked Syracuse in the final. John Duren had 17 points, six assists, and seven steals and the Hoyas scored on 30 free throws to Syracuses six. The Hoyas upset Syracuse to win their third ECAC regional tournament championship in five years and earn their first NCAA Tournament bid since 1976.
1977–78 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Although English bulldogs named Jack have appeared along the sidelines of Georgetown basketball times during various seasons since 1962, the 1977-78 season was the first in which a human in a bulldog costume portrayed Jack the Bulldog. Originated by Georgetown freshman Pat Sheehan, who was Jack for four seasons before graduating in 1981, the human Jack the Bulldog has been a fixture at Georgetown games ever since.
Sports in Washington, D.C.
Georgetown University began fielding a basketball team in 1907. The Georgetown Hoyas have won seven Big East tournament championships and ten Big East regular season championships. They have appeared the NCAA Final Four five times, winning the national championship in 1984.
Several NBA players got their start playing for Georgetown including Patrick Ewing, Allen Iverson, Alonzo Mourning, Dikembe Mutombo, and Reggie Williams. The Hoyas play their home games at Capital One Arena.
Meow Wars
In 1996 a member of the group alt.fan.karl-malden.nose, a previously unused board re-colonized by Harvard University students posting about daily student life, jokingly suggested harassing members of the group alt.tv.beavis-n-butthead. Members of the latter group retaliated and drove Harvard students away from the previous board. They began including the word "meow" in their posts in a reference to a karl-malden user with the initials CAT; the "meow" itself was a reference to Henrietta Pussycat, a character from "Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood". That word was repeated multiple times in subsequent spam posts.
1914–15 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The move to Ryan Gymnasium meant that this was the first Georgetown men's basketball team to play its games on campus. Opened in 1906, when competitive college basketball was just beginning at Georgetown, Ryan had not been intended to host competitive sporting events; it had no seating, accommodating fans on a standing-room-only basis on an indoor track above the basketball court. This precluded large crowds at the Hoyas home games despite the teams home success during the 13 years at Ryan, limiting revenue for the self-sustaining Basketball Association, which funded the teams travel expenses. Despite this drawback, Ryan would serve as the Hoyas home court through the end of the 1926-27 season, although from the 1918-19 season through 1926-27 the Hoyas would play very few road games in order to keep travel expenses to a bare minimum.
Hartford Hawks
From Hartford's athletic website: "Howie is well known among the University of Hartford community and fans, and has been known for his on court antics during basketball games. The current version of Howie the Hawk began its tenure during the winter of 2008–09." "The nickname originated in the late 1940's when the school competed as Hillyer College. It is believed that the nickname stemmed from spectators having to climb four flights of stairs in the old Chauncey Harris School on Hudson Street in Hartford to the "Hawk's Nest" to watch basketball and wrestling events."
Hartford's athletic teams wear gear made by sporting goods company Under Armour.
Georgetown Hoyas football
† denotes co-championship.
Collegiate sport ritual in the United States
Although not originally associated with the United States, one of the most iconic group behaviors in world sports—the haka of the New Zealand national rugby union team (the All Blacks)—has been appropriated by a few American college and high school teams, generally those with a significant Polynesian influence. (The Polynesian connection stems from the origin of New Zealand's indigenous Māori people, creators of the haka.) Most notably, the University of Hawaii football team performed the All Blacks' haka as part of its pregame ritual before adopting its own dance, the haa, based on Native Hawaiian traditions. It is not uncommon to see individuals showing hand gestures and signals at sporting events or within a university environment. For example, Texas Tech fans are known for their "Guns Up" hand gesture that resembles the shape of an L made by the thumb and forefinger. This began in 1972 and has traditionally represented the Tech Raiders shooting their opponents down and is often used in celebration at games. The popularity has grown among Baylor students of the saying "Sic 'Em Bears" with the hand gesture that resembles a bear claw. The cheer with the corresponding gesture is often seen as students cheer together for Baylor teams during competition.
Patrick Francis Healy
Patrick Healy's influence on Georgetown was so far-reaching that he is often referred to as the school's "second founder," following Archbishop John Carroll. Healy helped transform the small nineteenth-century college into a major university for the twentieth century, likely influenced by his European education.
Georgetown Hoyas women's basketball
The Georgetown University women's basketball team, which, like all sports teams at Georgetown University, is named the Georgetown Hoyas, is women's basketball program in the NCAA Division I Big East Conference. They are currently coached by James Howard, the program's tenth coach, now in his second year. The team was first formed in 1970, and joined the Big East in 1983. They play their home games on campus at McDonough Gymnasium.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
To begin the 1984-85 season, the defending champions opened the season as the No. 1 ranked team and won their first 18 games. On January 26, 1985, the St. John's University Redmen snapped the Hoyas' 29 game win streak (dating back to the prior season), in what was the first of an unprecedented four contests this season. Their next meeting on February 27, 1985 was one of the most anticipated games in college basketball history, with Georgetown and St. John's ranked No. 2 and No. 1 respectively. Coach Thompson entered Madison Square Garden wearing a shirt under his blazer in the same sweater pattern as St. John's coach Lou Carnesecca, and as a result the game became known as "the sweater game." The Hoyas easily won the game 85-69, and then defeated the Redmen again just a few weeks later in the 1985 Big East Tournament Finals, capturing their fourth title in six years. The teams met one more time, after both advanced to the Final Four in the NCAA Tournament. Again No. 1 Georgetown was victorious, easily handling St. John's 77-59. In the title game the Hoyas found themselves matched up with another conference rival in Villanova, whom they had beaten twice that season. An overwhelming favorite going into the game, Georgetown was upset by the Wildcats 66-64, who shot a record 78.6 percent (22 of 28) from the floor, denying Georgetown back-to-back titles. Ewing graduated, having helped his team to a 121–23 record in his four years, and was the first player in school history to be drafted with the first overall pick.
Following the enormous heights of Ewing's four-year run, the program continued its success in the years that followed. Senior Reggie Williams led the Hoyas to both Big East regular season and tournament championships in the 1986–87 season. Freshman Alonzo Mourning and sophomore Dikembe Mutombo helped win both titles in the 1988–89 season. Mourning and Mutombo were both excellent shot blockers, Mourning led the nation in 1988–89, and fans created a "Rejection Row" section under the basket. They repeated both championships in the 1989–90 season and won the regular season title in the 1991-92 season.
Georgetown University
Georgetown University is a private research university in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Founded in 1789 as Georgetown College, the university has grown to comprise nine undergraduate and graduate schools, among which are the School of Foreign Service, School of Business, Medical School, and Law School. Located on a hill above the Potomac River, the school's main campus is identifiable by its flagship Healy Hall, a National Historic Landmark. Georgetown offers degree programs in forty-eight disciplines, enrolling an average of 7,500 undergraduate and 10,000 post-graduate students from more than 130 countries.
1975–76 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Although retaining its status as an independent, Georgetown was in its second season as a member of the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC), a loosely organized sports federation that held four regional post-season Division I basketball tournaments in 1976 for independent Eastern colleges and universities similar to the end-of-season conference tournaments held by conventional college basketball conferences, with each tournament winner receiving an at-large bid to the 1976 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. For the second straight year, the Hoyas competed in the ECAC South Region Tournament, which they had won the previous year. Derrick Jackson scored 22 points as Georgetown defeated Villanova in the semifinal. In the final, the Hoyas faced George Washington, which was on the brink of reaching the NCAA Tournament for the first time since 1961. George Washington had defeated Georgetown in eight of the last 11 meetings between the schools, but the Hoyas won to take the ECAC South Region championship for the second consecutive season and secure a second-straight NCAA Tournament bid. Senior guard and team co-captain Jonathan Smith, a former team scoring leader whose numbers had declined this season and who had averaged only 5.6 points per game during the regular season, scored 20 points against Villanova and 16 against George Washington during the tournament.
2009–10 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Georgetown next went to Anaheim, California, to make its only appearance in the John R. Wooden Classic and face its second ranked opponent in a row, No. 17 Washington, led by sophomore forward Isaiah Thomas, in the first meeting of the schools. The game was tight through the first half, with the Hoyas clinging to a 30–29 lead at halftime. However, Georgetown scored the first 12 points of the second half before Thomas made a layup with 15:56 remaining in the game for Washington's first points since halftime, and the Hoyas then went on a 9–0 run to stretch their lead to 51–31 with less that 14 minutes remaining. Georgetown still led 60–40 with 6½ minutes to play, but the Huskies took advantage of a 23-point performance by senior forward Quincy Pondexter and 21 points – 15 of them in the second half – by Thomas to stage a late comeback try that included a 15–3 run. Washington closed to 69–63 with 27 seconds remaining, but Chris Wright and Hollis Thompson hit key free throws that ensured the Hoyas a 74–66 victory that stretched their season-opening winning streak to eight. Julian Vaughn – the only Georgetown starter averaging fewer than 12 points per game – scored a career-high 18 points on 7-for-9 shooting from the field, Greg Monroe added 15 points and grabbed seven rebounds, and the Hoyas forced the Huskies to commit 25 turnovers.
1966–67 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Guard Bernard White joined the team this season as the first African-American recruit in Georgetown men's basketball history. He had played for George Mason University the previous season, but George Mason's men's basketball program did not receive National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognition until 1967, so White retained the then-maximum three years of NCAA varsity eligibility when he joined the Hoyas.
Georgetown University
Georgetown is the oldest Catholic and Jesuit-affiliated institution of higher education in the United States. The Jesuits have participated in the university's academic life, both as scholars and as administrators, since 1805; however, the university has always been governed independently of the church. The majority of Georgetown students are not Catholic.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
The team moved its home arena in the 1981-82 season to the Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland to accommodate its growing fan base. It also marked the arrival of heralded recruit, Patrick Ewing, who became one of the first college players to start and star on a varsity team as a freshman. That year, Ewing led the Hoyas to their second Big East Tournament title in school history, and a No. 1 seed in the NCAA Tournament. In the tournament, the Hoyas advanced to their first Final Four since 1943, where they defeated the University of Louisville 50-46, to set up a showdown in the NCAA Final against the University of North Carolina. In one of the most star-studded championship games in NCAA history, Ewing was called for goaltending five times in the first half (later revealed to be intentional at the behest of coach Thompson), setting the tone for the Hoyas and making his presence felt. The Hoyas led by one point late in the game, but a jumpshot by future NBA superstar Michael Jordan gave North Carolina the lead. Georgetown still had a chance at winning the game in the final seconds, but Freddy Brown mistakenly threw a bad pass directly to opposing player James Worthy, and North Carolina won 63-62.
Georgetown University
Georgetown University has several student-run newspapers and academic journals. "The Hoya" is the university's oldest newspaper. It has been in print since 1920, and since 1987, has been published twice weekly. "The Georgetown Voice", known for its weekly cover stories, is a newsmagazine that was founded in March 1969 to focus more attention on citywide and national issues. "The Georgetown Independent" is a monthly journal of news, commentary and the arts. Founded in 1966, the "Georgetown Law Weekly" is the student-run paper on the Law Center campus, and is a three-time winner of the American Bar Association's Best Newspaper award. Established in 1995, the "Georgetown Public Policy Review" is a student-run journal based out of the McCourt School of Public Policy that publishes online articles and a peer-reviewed spring edition. The "Georgetown Journal of International Affairs", established in 2000, is a student-managed, peer-reviewed Journal that publishes perspectives on current affairs and international relations from experts such as heads of states and renowned professors. "The Hoya," "The Georgetown Voice," and "The Georgetown Journal of International Affairs" all run online blogs, and there are other popular blogs written about the school and its sports teams.
"The Georgetown Academy", restarted in 2008 after a hiatus, targets traditionalist Catholic readers, and the "Georgetown Review", founded in 2016, aims to bring a conservative and libertarian viewpoint to campus. Other political publications include the "Georgetown Progressive", an online publication run by the Georgetown University College Democrats, and "Counterpoint Magazine", a liberal monthly founded in the spring of 2011. "The Fire This Time" is Georgetown's minority newssource. "The Georgetown Heckler" is a humor magazine founded on the Internet in 2003 by Georgetown students, releasing its first print issue in 2007. "The Gonzo" was a former student humor magazine, published from 1993 to 1998.
2018 Georgetown Hoyas football team
The 2018 Georgetown Hoyas football team represented Georgetown University in the 2018 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by fifth-year head coach Rob Sgarlata and played their home games at Cooper Field. They were a member of the Patriot League. They finished the season 5–6, 4–2 in Patriot League play to finish in a tie for second place.
1942–43 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
!colspan=9 style="background:#002147; color:#8D817B;"| NCAA Tournament
Georgetown Tigers football
The Georgetown Tigers football program represents Georgetown College of Georgetown, Kentucky in college football. The Tigers have been one of the most successful football teams playing NAIA.The team had rivalries with both Kentucky and Transylvania going back to the 19th century.
Kevin Donley has been one of the most successful coaches in NAIA football. Donley joined the Georgetown College staff as head coach in 1982. The high point of his career here came in 1991 when the Tigers went 13–1 (.929) and won the NAIA Division II National Football Championship. In the 14 games played that season, the Tigers scored 744 points, among the most of all college football teams at all levels of play. For his team's achievements, Donley was named the NAIA National Coach of the Year.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
St. John's University
2013–14 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Unranked Georgetown began its season with a ranked opponent, No. 19 Oregon, in the Armed Forces Classic and in an unusual venue, Camp Humphreys, a United States Army base in South Korea located south of Seoul, with an audience consisting almost entirely of U.S. Army soldiers who cheered enthusiastically for both teams. Both teams wore special camouflage uniforms, the Ducks light-colored ones with "USA" on their backs instead of the players′ names and the Hoyas dark-colored ones sporting inspiring words like "Courage," "Integrity," and "Respect" rather than players′ names, and the coaches and staff of both teams wore combat boots and military-style cargo pants. Georgetown took its only lead of the first half by scoring the opening basket, but after that shot poorly and committed turnovers repeatedly, allowing Oregon to build a lead, although the Hoyas battled back to a 37–34 deficit at halftime behind 10 points by Mikael Hopkins and nine first-half points by Joshua Smith. The Hoyas briefly took their second and final lead of the game early in the second half, but Oregon soon pulled ahead for good, although Georgetown closed to within four points with a minute left in the game. Ultimately, the Hoyas missed important free throws and the Ducks made their free throws in the final minutes, and Oregon won 82-75. The Hoyas went only 1-for-15 (6.7 percent) from three-point range and Oregon outrebounded them 40-32. Joshua Smith scored a game-high 25 points – also his season high, as it turned out – but grabbed only four rebounds, Markel Starks made Georgetown's only three-pointer with 7:16 left in the game and finished with 16 points, Jabril Trawick had 11 points, and Mikael Hopkins contributed 10. Oregon's 82 points were more than any opponent had scored against Georgetown the previous season.
The Hoyas made a brief return to Washington, D.C., to defeat Wright State in their home opener at the Verizon Center, with D'Vauntes Smith-Rivera scoring 25 points and Starks contributing 23. Reggie Cameron scored on each of the first three three-point attempts of his collegiate career to finish with nine points as the Hoyas′ three-point game recovered from its dismal showing in South Korea on 10-for-22 (45 percent) shooting from beyond the arc. Georgetown then went on the road again to take part in the Puerto Rico Tip-Off in San Juan, Puerto Rico. In the opening game of the tournament, Georgetown faced Northeastern – a team the Hoyas had faced only once before, in 1979 – and suffered a surprising upset at the hands of the Huskies, leading by 11 points at the half but collapsing in the second half, shooting 23 percent from the field after halftime, struggling at the free-throw line throughout the game, and allowing Northeastern to come from behind for a 63–56 win. Relegated to the tournament's consolation bracket, the Hoyas had a much better outing against Kansas State the following day, shooting 63 percent from the field and leading by as many as 29 points before coming away with a 90–63 victory. D'Vauntes Smith-Rivera was the only Hoya to score in double figures against Northeastern with 14 points and scored a game-high 25 points against Kansas State, while Jabil Trawick had 16, Joshua Smith 13, and Markel Starks 11 points against the Wildcats.
1963–64 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Fifteen days later, Georgetown began play in the Quaker City Classic at the Palestra in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its first opponent was No.1 Loyola of Chicago. Led by John Egan, Loyola was the defending champion from the 1963 NCAA Tournament, entered the game with a 22-game winning streak, and was a 28-point favorite. Jim Browns defense kept Egan in check, Jim Christy scored 30 points, and the Hoyas led by 12 points at the half and won the game 69-58. It was Georgetowns first-ever victory over a No. 1-ranked opponent.
2012–13 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Georgetown followed this disappointing beginning to its season by participating for the first time in the Legends Classic, in which the Hoyas first played two pre-selected mid-major opponents at the Verizon Center in non-tournament "regional" rounds, then went to the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York, to play in a four-team tournament for the Classic championship, while its two regional opponents went to play in a parallel tournament of four mid-major teams in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the first regional round, Georgetown faced Duquesne for the first time since December 1995 – and only the second since December 1962 in a series the Dukes led 10-3 entering the game. The Hoyas defeated the Dukes despite a first half in which Georgetown shot 5-of-22 (22.7%) from the field and committed seven turnovers and a second half in which they committed 10 more turnovers. Three days later, the Hoyas beat Liberty in the second regional round. In his collegiate debut, D'Vauntes Smith-Rivera came off the bench to score a team-leading 19 points against Duquesne, followed by 11 against Liberty. Greg Whittington had 15 rebounds in the Duquesne game and finished with a game-high and career-high 18 points against Liberty in a game in which Georgetown shot only 2-for-15 (13.3%) from three-point range but outscored the Flames 34-10 in the paint, including 24-0 in the first half. Mikael Hopkins scored 13 points against both the Dukes and the Flames, while Nate Lubick also scored 13 against Liberty and grabbed eight rebounds. Struck in the head six minutes into the Duquesne game, Otto Porter sat out the rest of that game and the entire Liberty game with concussion symptoms.
Georgetown University
Annual events on campus celebrate Georgetown traditions, culture, alumni, sports, and politics. In late April, Georgetown University celebrates Georgetown Day. Besides the full-day carnival, the day rewards the best professor of the year with the Dorothy Brown Award, as voted by students. Halloween is celebrated with public viewings of alumnus William Peter Blatty's film "The Exorcist", which takes place in the neighborhood surrounding the university.
Homecoming coincides with a home football game, and festivities such as tailgating and a formal dance are sponsored by the Alumni Association to draw past graduates back to campus. The largest planned sports related celebration is the first basketball practice of the season. Dubbed "Midnight Madness", this event introduces the men's and women's basketball teams shortly after midnight on the first day the teams are allowed by NCAA rules to formally practice together. The festivities include a dunk contest, a 3-point contest, a scrimmage, and a musical act.
2016–17 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Next up for the Hoyas was the Maui Invitational Tournament. Georgetown began the tournament by hosting a non-bracketed opening-round game against Arkansas State at McDonough Gymnasium, the Hoyas′ first game on campus since the 2014 National Invitation Tournament. The Hoyas shot only 3-for-18 (16.7 percent) from three-point range and, despite Jesse Govan's 20 points, L. J. Peak's 18, and Isaac Copeland's 11, the Red Wolves led by double figures for much of the game and held off a 22-7 late-game Georgetown rally to upset the Hoyas 78–72. Thanks to the surprising loss, Georgetown opened its season with a 1–2 record for the second straight year.
1910–11 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Joyce retired from coaching at the end of the season, having posted an overall record of 34-22 during his four seasons as head coach. He had introduced the new sport of basketball to the Washington, D.C., area in 1892, introduced basketball to Georgetown in 1906, and founded the Georgetown men's basketball program for its first season in 1906-07. He had become the Hoyas first head coach in the 1907-08 season, the year which saw Georgetowns first great team win the mythical "Champions of the South" title.
Richard McCooey
In San Francisco 1966, Richard was the recipient of the Georgetown University John Carroll Award. named after Archbishop John Carroll, the first Catholic bishop in North America and founder of Georgetown University and the University's highest alumni honor. Established in 1951, the John Carroll Award is conferred upon alumni whose achievements and record of service exemplify the ideals and traditions of Georgetown and its founder. McCooey was a longtime Georgetown volunteer, and previously served on the Board of Governors of the Georgetown University Alumni Association. In a surprise dinner in 2012 held on the 50th anniversary of the restaurants' opening, he added: "I am so appreciative. I did all I wanted to do. As a freshman, walking along this street, I had that dream. I kept the dream."
Scotty Glacken
Glacken would begin a two-decade long coaching career in 1970, taking the head coaching position at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., helping to return the Hoyas to NCAA intercollegiate competition after a number of years as a club team.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
Prior to the 2011–12 season, the Hoyas made a goodwill trip to China for several matches with local teams. U.S. Vice President Joe Biden attended their first game, a win over the Shanxi Zhongyu Brave Dragons. Their second game against the Bayi Rockets, however, ended in a brawl, causing the team to leave the court while Chinese fans threw garbage and debris. Georgetown won its final games, against the Liaoning Dinosaurs and the Taiwanese national team without incident. The Hoyas finished the season in fourth place in the Big East and received a bid to the NCAA Tournament as a No. 3 seed in the Midwest. After a win in the Second Round, they were upset by No. 11-seeded NC State.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
Thompson inherited three players that Esherick had recruited: Jeff Green, Roy Hibbert, and Tyler Crawford. He also brought with him a former Princeton recruit, Jonathan Wallace and saw the return of two major contributors from the previous Georgetown team in Brandon Bowman, Ashanti Cook, and Darrel Owens. John Thompson III's first notable win with the team took place on January 21, 2006 in the 16th game of the 2005–06 season, when unranked Georgetown upset No. 1 Duke. This was Georgetown's first win over a No. 1 ranked team in 21 years.
The 2006–07 season marked the centennial of Hoya hoops, which was celebrated by honoring some of the team's most famous alumni at the Georgetown-Marquette game on February 10, 2007. Led by juniors Green, Hibbert, Wallace, Patrick Ewing, Jr., the son of the Georgetown player from the elder Thompson era, the Hoyas won their first regular-season Big East Championship since 1992 and defeated Pittsburgh to win their first Big East Tournament championship since 1989. Jeff Green was named the Big East Player of the Year and the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. In the NCAA Tournament, the Hoyas beat North Carolina in the Regional Final when their defense caused North Carolina to suffer an improbable collapse in which UNC missed 22 of their final 23 field goal attempts. The Hoyas then advanced to the Final Four where they fell to an Ohio State team led by Greg Oden.
The 2007–08 Hoyas finished with a regular season record of 27–5, and again won the conference regular season title. They lost to Pittsburgh in the Big East Tournament championship game. They received a No. 2 seed in the NCAA Tournament, where they lost their second-round game. After the season, Roy Hibbert, Jonathan Wallace, and Patrick Ewing Jr. all graduated, while Vernon Macklin and Jeremiah Rivers both transferred from the school.
Georgetown University School of Continuing Studies
History
Georgetown Hoyas softball
The Georgetown Hoyas softball team represents Georgetown University in NCAA Division I college softball. The team participates in the Big East Conference. It is currently led by head coach Pat Conlan and assistant coaches Chelsey Broermann, Kelliner Croushore and Kaitlin Calogera. The team plays its home games at Washington Nationals Youth Baseball Academy. The team was established in 2006, and played as an independent for three seasons before joining the Big East in 2009.
Georgetown Hoyas football
The Hoyas have a new cross-town rivalry with Howard University (which also plays at the FCS level, but awards football scholarships), for a championship known as the DC Cup (awarded by the mayor of Washington). Three DC Cups have been held (2008, 2009 and 2011). The series has Georgetown leading 2–1–0 following their 2011 victory.
Georgetown Hoyas
In 1964, Georgetown allowed its students to start a football program as an exhibition-only club sport. Varsity football resumed in 1970 at what later became known as the Division III level. Today, Georgetown plays at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision, competing in the Patriot League and perennially plays against Ivy League schools. 
The Hoyas have also begun a cross-town rivalry with Howard University for a championship known as the D.C. Cup.
Devo
The name "Devo" comes from the concept of 'de-evolution'—the idea that instead of continuing to evolve, mankind has actually begun to regress, as evidenced by the dysfunction and herd mentality of American society." In the late 1960s, this idea was developed as a joke by Kent State University art students Gerald Casale and Bob Lewis, who created a number of satirical art pieces in a devolution vein. At this time, Casale had also performed with the local band 15-60-75 (The Numbers Band). They met Mark Mothersbaugh around 1970, a talented keyboardist who had been playing with the band Flossy Bobbitt. Mothersbaugh brought a more humorous feel to the band, introducing them to material like the pamphlet "Jocko Homo Heavenbound", which includes an illustration of a winged devil labelled "D-EVOLUTION" and would later inspire the song "Jocko Homo". The "joke" about de-evolution became serious following the Kent State shootings of May 4, 1970. This event would be cited multiple times as the impetus for forming the band Devo. Throughout the band's career, they would often be considered a "joke band" by the music press.
The Georgetown Heckler
The Georgetown Heckler is an undergraduate humor magazine founded in 2003 at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. by Justin Droms. The satirical and comedic publication is not affiliated with the university. The current editor-in-chief is Gabe Bolio.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
Having first played each other in 1909, St. John's is one of Georgetown's oldest rivals. The two teams played off and on since that first contest until 1965, when they began annually scheduled games, and they only intensified when both programs became founding members of the Big East Conference in 1979. The rivalry was brought to national attention during the 1984-85 NCAA Division I men's basketball season when both programs were ranked No. 1 and No. 2 throughout the season and met on a total of four occasions, including the famous "Sweater Game" at Madison Square Garden, the 1985 Big East Championship, and the 1985 Final Four. The Hoyas won 3 of the 4 matchups that year.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
Each summer Georgetown University's McDonough Gymnasium hosts the Kenner League. Named after one of the founders and first director of the Metropolitan Police Boys' and Girls' Club of Washington DC, the Kenner league is the only NCAA sanctioned summer league in Washington DC. Formed in 1982, the league allows Georgetown players to continue their development in an NCAA-structured environment, and to stay within view of watchful eyes on a college campus (even if the coaches were not allowed there by NCAA rules). From its humble beginnings, the Kenner legacy continued to build throughout the 1980s, with coverage in the "Washington Post" beginning around 1986, then a high school bracket following soon thereafter, and ultimately the arrival of "senior" teams featuring a mix of former Georgetown players, visiting NBA stars, and local hoop legends.
2010–11 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The Hoyas returned to the Verizon Center for a win over Utah State in which Chris Wright finished with a game-high 21 points and four steals, and Georgetown improved to 8-0 for the second straight season. By the time they visited Temple five days later, the Hoyas had risen to No. 9 in the AP Poll, but behind a 30-point performance by junior guard Ramone Moore Temple upset Georgetown to give Owls head coach Fran Dunphy his 400th career victory and end the Hoyas′ winning streak despite 15 points by Jason Clark, 14 each by Austin Freeman and Julian Vaughn, and 10 by Chris Wright. Back at the Verizon Center, Georgetown had two easy wins, defeating first Appalachian State and then Loyola of Maryland. Jason Clark finished with 15 points and Austin Freeman with 14 against Appalachian States, while Nate Lubick and Hollis Thompson each scored 11 points and Chris Wright had 12 assists in the game. As two Georgetown students wearing biblical clothing and long false beards held up a "Free Moses" sign, freshman center Moses Ayegba – ruled ineligible for Georgetown's first nine games because he had received an airline ticket to the United States from his native Nigeria from a non-family member – made his collegiate debut in the Appalachian State game, scoring two points. Against Loyola six days later, Austin Freeman and Hollis Thompson each scored 14 points, Henry Sims contributed 12, and Chris Wright added 11.
The Georgetown Chimes
The Chimes often contribute to university and alumni ceremonies, dedications and functions each year, and often sing the National Anthem before Georgetown athletic events. Members of the Chimes have served the University and its Alumni Association Board of Governors and Alumni Senate, and as officers of its Regional Clubs, Class Committees and the Alumni Interviewing Program. Two Chimes have won the Alumni Association's Patrick Healy Award (Fathers Gerard F. Yates, S.J. and James P. M. Walsh, S.J.) and seven Chimes have won its John Carroll Award (Raymond D. O'Brien, CAS `49, Rev. Richard C. Law `51; David J. Walsh, CAS '58; Peter G. Kelly, CAS `59; Charles M. Cawley, CAS `62; Kevin P. O'Brien, CAS, `65; Robert M. Flanagan, BUS '67). Raymond D. O'Brien and George Peacock have served as President of the Georgetown Alumni Association, and Charles Cawley (CAS '62) and Maurice Brenninkmeyer (BUS '86) have served on the University's Board of Directors.
Further Chimes activities on Georgetown's campus include "Chimes Nights" at The Tombs, Georgetown's neighborhood bar, which take place on the first Wednesday of every month. The idea of having a "Chimes Night" was conceived by the late Richard McCooey, a John Carroll Award winner, who founded the bar in 1962. The Chimes also manage and perform in the largest cappella concert series on the east coast, the Cherry Tree Massacre, held annually at Georgetown. The group performs along with Georgetown's other a cappella groups, as well as inviting other groups from colleges along the eastern seaboard, and occasionally professional singing groups, such as former SPEBSQSA International Champions, The Boston Common.Three areas on Georgetown's campus are named for Chimes, the Joseph Mark Lauinger Memorial Library, the Gerard F. Yates, S.J. Memorial Field House, and the Cawley Career Education Center. The Main Campus Library was named for Joseph Mark Lauinger (CAS ’67), whose family has been a part of the Georgetown community since the 19th century. Lauinger died in the Vietnam War when the unit he was leading was hit by enemy fire during a reconnaissance mission. He was awarded the Silver Star, the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart posthumously for his bravery in moving his men to safety. The Main Campus Library was named in honor of Lauinger to commemorate him, along with the 16 other Georgetown graduates who died in Vietnam.
Joseph Opala
Opala maintains that about a quarter of the Black Loyalists (or "Nova Scotians" as they were called in Sierra Leone today) were originally Gullahs from South Carolina and Georgia. Some Gullahs also migrated directly from the United States to Sierra Leone in the early 1800s, including Edward Jones, a free black man from South Carolina. Jones became the first principal of Sierra Leone's Fourah Bay College.
1942–43 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
Georgetown faced Wyoming, led by center Milo Komenich and forward Ken Sailors, in the final, which had a smaller crowd than expected because of the New York Citys area's focus on the NIT championship run by St. John's; it was also the only NCAA championship game in history which was not filmed for posterity. Although Wyomings defense held Mahnken to six points in the game, Georgetown led 31-26 with six minutes to play – but Wyoming then scored 11 straight points to take a 37-31 lead. The Hoyas closed to 37-34, but Wyoming finished the game with nine unanswered points to win 46-34 and take the championship. The following evening, as a fundraiser for the American Red Cross, the finalists of the NCAA Tournament and NIT took part in the Sportswriters Invitational Playoff, in which the two tournament champions, Wyoming and St. Johns, and the two runners-up, Georgetown and Toledo, played each other. Wyoming beat St. John's 52-47 and the Hoyas defeated Toledo 54-40 to close out the season. The 1942-43 Hoyas finished with a record of 22-5, the most wins in team history and the first time a Georgetown team won 20 or more games. No Georgetown team would win as many games again until the 1977-78 team won 23.
1979–80 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 1979–80 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University in the 1979–80 NCAA Division I basketball season. John Thompson, Jr., coached them in his eighth season as head coach. It was the Hoyas first season as members of the original Big East Conference, which began play this season; prior to this year, Georgetown had been an independent during the 38 seasons it had fielded a team since the dissolution of the Eastern Intercollegiate Conference at the end of the 1938-39 season. Georgetown would remain a member of the original Big East for 34 seasons, through the end of the 2012-13 season. The teams penchant for playing tight games decided in the last seconds led to it being nicknamed the Heart Attack Hoyas.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
Villanova University
History of Georgetown University
The war drastically changed Georgetown, making it both more northern and more Catholic. Increasingly larger percentages of the student body came from northern cities, more populated with Catholic immigrants, while the student body had been primarily southern before the war. This dynamic is expressed in Georgetown's official school colors. In 1876, Georgetown College Boat Club, the school's rowing team, adopted blue, from the uniform of the Union Army, and gray, from the uniforms of the Confederate States military forces, as their team colors in order to signify the peaceful unity between students from the North and those from the South. Students at Georgetown Visitation wove the first blue and gray uniforms for the team. Georgetown's motto "Utraque Unum", "both into one," though used before the war, helped capture the unity spirit.
Bishop John Carroll (statue)
Upon the completion of Healy Hall, an area was set aside for a future statue of Georgetown's founder. On January 23, 1909, in a speech titled "A Dream Realized and a Dream Still Unfulfilled," Rev. John A. Conway, S.J. announced to Georgetown alumni at the annual Founder's Day banquet his desire that a monument to John Carroll—the founder of Georgetown University and the first Catholic bishop in the United States—be erected on the university's campus. Fundraising began that year, and a total of $7,000 was raised in the effort, the equivalent of approximately $180,000 in 2018 when adjusted for inflation.
2014–15 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
After nine days off, the Hoyas opened a four-game homestand at the Verizon Center that began with an easy win over Towson in which five Hoyas scored in double figures, with D'Vauntes Smith-Rivera finishing with a game-high 16 points, Paul White with 14 – including 4-of-5 shooting from three-point range – Joshua Smith with 12, Jabril Trawick with 11, and Isaac Copeland with 10. It was Georgetown's first appearance in the annual BB&T Classic. Three days later, they hosted No. 10 Kansas, their third ranked opponent of the season. During warm-ups, the national anthem, and pregame handshakes, the entire Georgetown roster wore black T-shirts emblazoned with "I CAN′T BREATHE" in white lettering, which Joshua Smith explained to reporters was an expression of sympathy to the family of Eric Garner, whose death while being arrested by New York City police officers in July 2014 was a matter of national controversy in the United States after a grand jury declined to indict the officers involved. Entering the game – the return visit for a home-and-home series in which Georgetown had traveled to play Kansas the previous season – the Jayhawks were 6–1 and had won five games in a row. The game had no flow, with 33 turnovers and 58 free throws taken by the two teams combined, and both Jayhawk sophomore guard Brannen Greene and Georgetown's Mikael Hopkins had four fouls by midway through the second half. Neither of the teams′ leading scorers – Perry Ellis for Kansas and D'Vauntes Smith-Rivera for Georgetown – had a good offensive performance, Ellis going 4-for-15 (26.7 percent) and Smith-Rivera 3-for-15 (20.0 percent) from the field. Brannen Greene scored a career-high 19 points for Kansas, 16 of them in the second half, but Joshua Smith led all scorers with 20 points, while L. J. Peak had 18 and Paul White and Smith-Rivera contributed 10 each. Jabril Trawick suffered a bone bruise in a collision with Greene during the game. A key officiating decision came with 18 seconds left to play and Kansas leading 71–67, when the ball went out of bounds after Isaac Copeland missed a three-pointer and the referees could not determine whose possession it was; they decided to call it a jump ball, which, because of the alternating possession rule, gave the Jayhawks the ball. Greene promptly drew a foul by Copeland and made both free throws to give Kansas a 73–67 lead with 16 seconds left. The Jayhawks hung on for a 75–70 victory.
McDonough Gymnasium
Each year in mid-October, McDonough Gymnasium hosts Hoya Madness, a free event for Georgetown students and athletics donors which unofficially kicks off the upcoming college basketball season and introduces Georgetown′s men′s and women′s basketball teams for that season. The event also includes performances by the Georgetown pep squad and band and by musical groups.
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball
In the 1983-84 season Georgetown again won the Big East conference regular season title, and faced Syracuse for the Big East Tournament championship. In a physical and tightly contested contest, Georgetown won 82-71 in overtime, securing their third tournament title in the first five years of the newly formed conference. In the NCAA Tournament, the No. 1 seeded Hoyas ultimately advanced to the Final Four for the third time in school history to face Kentucky, a team which had never lost a national semifinal game and was led by the "Twin Towers," Sam Bowie and Melvin Turpin. Georgetown was able to turn an early 12 point deficit into a 53-40 win to advance to the National Championship game. In the final, the Hoyas faced the University of Houston and future Hall of Fame center Hakeem Olajuwon, who were making their second straight National Championship game appearance. Georgetown led comfortably throughout the final, and went on to an 84–75 victory, giving the school its first NCAA Championship in school history. Ewing was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player, while Thompson became the first African American coach to win an NCAA Division I title. Freddy Brown, who made the key turnover in the title game two years prior, was given the chance to raise the trophy first.
Georgetown University
Georgetown University was founded by former Jesuits in the tradition of Ignatius of Loyola; it is a member of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. Georgetown is not a pontifical university, though seven Jesuits serve on the thirty-six member Board of Directors, the school's highest governance. Catholic spaces at the university fall within the territorial jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Washington, such as Dahlgren Chapel, the university's principal Catholic place of worship. Fifty-two members of the Society of Jesus live on campus, and are employed by Georgetown mostly as professors or administrators. Jesuit Heritage Week has been held every year since 2001 to celebrate the contributions of Jesuits to the Georgetown tradition.