How long is the Canadian-US border?
Canada–United States border
The Canada–United States border (), officially known as the International Boundary (), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second- and fourth-largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is long, of which is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.
International Avenue Border Crossing
The International Avenue Border Crossing connects the towns of Calais, Maine and St. Stephen, New Brunswick via the International Avenue Bridge on the Canada–US border. The crossing opened on November 16, 2009, and was the first new border crossing to open on the Canada–US border in 42 years. The opening of the crossing marked the first time since 1961 (when the Union Bridge was closed) that there have been three bridges connecting Calais with St. Stephen. Currently, all commercial vehicles crossing between these towns must use this crossing.
Orient – Fosterville Border Crossing
The Orient – Fosterville Border Crossing is an international border crossing between the towns of Orient, Maine, United States and Fosterville, New Brunswick, Canada on the Canada–US border. At this crossing, the United States is still operating the original border station built in 1936, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014. Canada built its current border station in 1986. This part of the border is at the St. Croix River, which is little more than a stream here. The original bridge connecting Orient with Fosterville was said to be the shortest international bridge between the US and Canada.
Canada–United States border
U.S. and Canadian agents operate separately and together along the border. From 2007 to 2010, 147 people were arrested on the property of one Blaine, Washington bed and breakfast inn, but agents estimate that they only catch about 5% of smugglers. In July 2005, law enforcement personnel arrested three men who had built a tunnel under the border between British Columbia and Washington that they intended to use for smuggling marijuana, the first such tunnel known on this border.
Borders of Canada
Canada shares borders with the United States in 8 out of 13 provinces and territories. The provinces and territories that do not share a border with the United States share a provincial border with at least one that does except for Prince Edward Island.
Armstrong–Jackman Border Crossing
The Armstrong–Jackman Border Crossing is a border crossing on the Canada–United States border, located southeast of Saint-Théophile, Quebec and northwest of Jackman, Maine. The border crossing is the northern terminus of U.S. Route 201, which also has the road name Old Canada Road north of Jackman, and the southern terminus of Quebec Route 173, also known as Route-du-Président-Kennedy - the existing Quebec Autoroute 73 already heads in the direction of this US/Canadian border crossing, as the closest Canadian freeway of any kind in the area.
49th parallel north
Roughly of the Canada–United States border was designated to follow the 49th parallel from British Columbia to Manitoba on the Canada side, and from Washington to Minnesota on the U.S. side, more specifically from the Strait of Georgia to the Lake of the Woods. This international border was specified in the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 and the Oregon Treaty of 1846, though survey markers placed in the 19th century cause the border to deviate from the 49th parallel by up to tens of meters.
Canada–United States relations
Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 in internal affairs while Britain controlled diplomacy and defense policy. Prior to Confederation, there was an Oregon boundary dispute in which the Americans claimed the 54th degree latitude. That issue was resolved by splitting the disputed territory; the northern half became British Columbia, and the southern half the states of Washington and Oregon. Strained relations with America continued, however, due to a series of small-scale armed incursions named the Fenian raids by Irish-American Civil War veterans across the border from 1866 to 1871 in an attempt to trade Canada for Irish independence. The American government, angry at Canadian tolerance of Confederate raiders during the American Civil War, moved very slowly to disarm the Fenians. The British government, in charge of diplomatic relations, protested cautiously, as Anglo-American relations were tense. Much of the tension was relieved as the Fenians faded away and in 1872 by the settlement of the Alabama Claims, when Britain paid the U.S. $15.5 million for war losses caused by warships built in Britain and sold to the Confederacy.
Fourth Connecticut Lake Trail
Fourth Connecticut Lake Trail is a public trail maintained by the Nature Conservancy that criss-crosses the international border between the United States and Canada (New Hampshire and Quebec) for and ends in a loop around the Fourth Connecticut Lake in the United States. The Fourth Connecticut Lake Trail is one of the few international trails in North America. For US residents, identification and passports to Canada are not needed to go on the trail, since the trail starts on the US side of the international border and ends in the US, even though it does go into Canada.
Canada–United States border
Currently there are 119 legal land border crossings between the US and Canada. A complete list of crossings can be found here. Of them, two are one-way crossings:
St. Aurelie Maine - St. Aurelie Quebec Border Crossing
The St. Aurelie Maine - St. Aurelie Quebec Border Crossing is a border crossing on the Canada–United States border, located 8 miles east of Saint-Prosper, Quebec. This border crossing exists primarily to accommodate commercial logging operations in the North Maine Woods. The land is commercially owned and the public is generally not permitted to use the logging roads to travel into the United States.
Canada–United States border
The International Boundary Survey, called the Northern Boundary Survey in the United States, began in 1872. Its mandate was to establish the border as agreed to in the Treaty of 1818. Archibald Campbell led the way for the United States. Donald Cameron headed the British team. This survey focused on the border from the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky Mountains.
Zec Jaro
This trail offers a view of the border area Quebec-Maine which bounds the south of Zec Jaro. Lying about 8891 km, the Canada-U.S. border proves the longest on the planet. The border line is managed by a dedicated team appointed by the two governments to maintain visibility and accessibility are constant. Its layout from the Atlantic ocean to Pacific is marked by a series of numbered terminals entrenched in the soil. These terminals are obvious marks on the line between the two countries. Segment boundary between the province of Quebec and U.S. is 813 km long. The portion defining Zec Jaro south is about 24 km.
Houlton–Woodstock Border Crossing
The Houlton–Woodstock Border Crossing is a border crossing and port of entry on the Canada–United States border, east of Houlton, Maine and west of Woodstock, New Brunswick. The US border station is often called Houlton Station. Around 2004, Canada began calling its border station Woodstock Road.
Canada–United States relations
Canada–United States relations refers to the bilateral relations between Canada and the United States of America. Relations between Canada and the United States of America historically have been extensive, given a shared border and ever-increasing close cultural, economical ties and similarities. The shared historical and cultural heritage has resulted in one of the most stable and mutually beneficial international relationships in the world. For both countries, the level of trade with the other is at the top of the annual combined import-export total. Tourism and migration between the two nations have increased rapport, but border security was heightened after the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001. The U.S. is approximately 9.25 times larger in population and has the dominant cultural and economic influence. Starting with the American Revolution, when anti-American Loyalists fled to Canada, a vocal element in Canada has warned against US dominance or annexation. The War of 1812 saw invasions across the border. In 1815, the war ended with the border unchanged and demilitarized, as were the Great Lakes. The British ceased aiding First Nation attacks on American territory, and the United States never again attempted to invade Canada. Apart from minor raids, it has remained peaceful.
Baudette–Rainy River Border Crossing
Both the US and Canada border stations are open 24 hours per day. The Canada border station at Rainy River was rebuilt in 1991, and features a tall canopy that accommodates larger trucks than those that can fit beneath the bridge structure (14' 8"). The height limitations restrict the size of the trucks than can cross the border at this location. A plan is in place to replace the bridge in 2018, and do away with the overhead support structures.
Easton - River de Chute Border Crossing
The Easton - River de Chute Border Crossing connects the towns of Easton, Maine and Wicklow, New Brunswick on the Canada–US border. Historically, two roads entered Easton from Canada, but in the late 1950s, the Canada closed its Beaconsfield crossing on Nicholson Road, so the US government moved its border station from its original location near the intersection of Ladner and Curtis Roads. After the move, the US Customs Service operated out of at least three different mobile trailers until 2012, when it finally constructed a permanent border inspection station.
Border
The United States has notably increased measures taken in border control on the Canada–United States border and the United States–Mexico border during its War on Terrorism (See Shantz 2010). One American writer has said that the US-Mexico border is probably "the world's longest boundary between a First World and Third World country".
Emerson, Manitoba
The border crossing at Emerson, Manitoba and Pembina, North Dakota is the fifth busiest along the Canada–United States border, and the second busiest west of the Great Lakes. It is part of a large trade corridor that links the Canadian prairies with the United States and Mexico. Annual cross-border trade is valued at approximately $14 billion CAD. The ports of entry on both sides are open 24 hours and offer full border services. An estimated one million people pass through the border crossing each year.
Turner–Climax Border Crossing
The Turner-Climax Border Crossing connects the towns of Turner, Montana and Climax, Saskatchewan on the Canada–US border. This facility is one of only six joint US-Canada border stations where U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) share a single facility. The rationale for making this facility a joint border station was primarily for officer safety, since the border stations on both sides of the border were often staffed by only one officer at a time.
Beaufort Sea
Canada's position has its roots in the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1825) between the United Kingdom and the Russian Empire that set the boundary between the two. Canada is the successor state to Great Britain in relation to this treaty, which stipulates:
Canada maintains that this treaty is extensible from the land into the Beaufort Sea along the meridian. The United States rejects this extension and instead asserts a boundary line based upon equidistance, although its position is somewhat undermined by its acceptance in 1867 of similar treaty wording and a similar interpretation under the treaty whereby it acquired Alaska. Both the U.S. and Canada agree that they are bound by the 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf; and they both agree that the boundary should be "equitable", as determined by the International Court of Justice. They differ on what should be deemed "equitable". The U.S. contends that "equidistance is an appropriate principle for determining a maritime boundary where there are no special circumstances in the area and when equidistance results in a boundary in accordance with equitable principles". Canada contends that an equidistance principle does not result in an equitable boundary, because distortion would occur. The coast of Yukon is concave, whereas the coast of Alaska is convex; and thus an equidistance principle would result in a significant extension of the U.S. possession. This dispute has taken on increased significance due to the possible presence of natural reserves within the wedge, which according to Canada's National Energy Board may contain of gas, which would cover the national consumption for 20 years, and more than of oil. Because of this, Canada argues that "special circumstances" apply to this border, a position that the U.S. rejects. This dispute is in this respect a mirror image of the dispute between the U.S. and Canada over the Gulf of Maine, where the U.S. argued for "special circumstances" and Canada argued for the equidistance principle. (It is to be noted that in that latter dispute, both of those arguments were rejected, and the border was drawn based upon geometric principles taking into account geographic factors.) Neither the U.S. nor Canada has pressed for a swift resolution for the matter, or arbitration at the International Court of Justice, however; and the two have in the meantime cooperated in several measures aimed at preserving the maritime environment.
Canaan–Hereford Road Border Crossing
The Canada–United States border between Vermont and Quebec is essentially a straight east-west line. This border crossing is located west of Leach Creek, a tributary of the Connecticut River and northwest of the village center of Canaan. The Canadian village of Hereford, a small cluster of buildings, is set just north of the border, while the area immediately south of the border is rural.
Saskatchewan Highway 35
Highway 35 is a paved undivided provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from the US Border near Port of Oungre (where it meets United States Route 85) to a dead end near the north shore of Tobin Lake. Saskatchewan Highway 35 is about long. The CanAm Highway comprises Saskatchewan Highways 35, SK Hwy 39, SK Hwy 6, SK Hwy 3, SK Hwy 2 and U.S. Route 85. of SK Hwy 35 contribute to the CanAm Highway between Port of Oungre on the Canada – United States border and Weyburn. Mudslides, and spring flooding were huge road building and maintenance problems around Nipawin as well as along the southern portion of the route named the "Greater Yellow Grass Marsh". Over 20 early dams were built until the problem was addressed with the Rafferty-Alameda Project on the Souris River and the construction of the Qu'Appelle River Dam which have helped to eliminate washed out roads and flooded communities. The highway through the homesteading community followed the Dominion Land Survey on the square until reaching the Saskatchewan River at Nipawin. The completion of the combined railway and traffic bridge over the Saskatchewan River at Nipawin in the late 1920s retired the ferry and basket crossing for traffic north of Nipawin. The E.B. Campbell Dam built in 1963 northeast of Nipawin created Tobin Lake, and Codette Lake was formed with the construction of the Francois-Finlay Hydroelectric dam at Nipawin. The railway/traffic bridge that formed part of Highway 35 was the only crossing utilized at Nipawin until a new traffic bridge was constructed in 1974. The new bridge then became part of the combined Highway 35 and 55 until the highway parts just east of White Fox. Highway 35 then continued north along the west side of Tobin Lake. The railway/traffic bridge continues to be utilized for one lane vehicle traffic controlled by traffic lights, and continues as the "old highway 35" on the west side of the river until it joins with the current Highway 35/55.
International Peace Garden Border Crossing
The crossing is connected by U.S. Route 281 on the American side and Manitoba Highway 10 on the Canadian side. The US calls its border station Dunseith and Canada calls its border station Boissevain. The entrance/exit to the Peace Garden is directly on the border. This allows visitors from either country to enter the park via US 281 or MB 10 without passing through customs, and they may move throughout the park (crossing the border at will) without restriction. However, the customs stations for Canada and the U.S. are located on the road just north and south (respectively) of the access drives for the garden, requiring all visitors – including those returning to the country from which they arrived – to go through the immigration procedures of their destination country upon leaving the garden.
Height of Land Portage
According to the Canada/US International Boundary Commission, Ontario's boundary with the United States runs 2700 kilometers on water and only about one kilometer on land. The 80-rod Height of Land Portage is a significant part of the land border; the remainder is along two other portages, Watap Portage () a short distance to its east, and Swamp (or Monument) Portage () to the west in the BWCA and Quetico Provincial Park.
Metaline Falls-Nelway Border Crossing
The Metaline Falls-Nelway Border Crossing connects the town of Metaline Falls, Washington with Nelson, British Columbia on the Canada–US border. It can be reached by Washington State Route 31 on the American side and British Columbia Highway 6 on the Canadian side. Canada has had a customs office in the Nelson area since 1900, but this particular crossing did not exist until the Pend Oreille Highway was completed in 1921. The US is still using its first permanent border station at this crossing, built in the mid-1930s; it was registered on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Canada replaced its depression-era border station in 1951, then replaced it again in 2000. Today the crossing is often used by tourists exploring the International Selkirk Loop.
Whitlash-Aden Border Crossing
The Whitlash-Aden Border Crossing connects the town of Whitlash, Montana with Aden, Alberta on the Canada–United States border. It is reached by Montana Secondary Highway 409 on the American side and Alberta Highway 880 on the Canadian side. The Whitlash Port of Entry is the least trafficked of all the land border crossings entering the United States, averaging just 2 vehicles per day. In spite of this fact, both the US and Canada spent considerable funds replacing their border inspection facilities in 2012.
Canusa Street
Canusa Street or, in French, rue Canusa is the only part of the Canada–United States border that runs down the middle of a street. The street separates Beebe Plain, Vermont from the Beebe Plain area of Stanstead, Quebec and is a part of Quebec Route 247.
Saskatchewan Highway 2
Saskatchewan Highway 2 departs the Canada–United States border in a northerly direction. Montana Highway 24 continues in a southerly direction in the United States. The United States border crossing is in Opheim, Montana and the Canadian is at West Poplar River. 
Nearby there are campgrounds available, and a point of information regarding the crossing of Poplar River. The area is rich in history, this is the Big Muddy Badlands area which featured the hideouts of outlaws and rum runners of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. This area remained above the Quaternary age ice sheets, being pushed and folded by the glacier movement resulting in glaciotectonic hills. The highway winds up, down and around these hills along the way. The Big Muddy Badlands are within the Missouri Coteau. At km 12 the highway reaches Kildeer, and the intersection with Highway 18. Access to Wood Mountain Post Provincial Historical Park is obtained by following Highway 18 north for . This section of Highway 2 begins as a Class 4 highway and is under the jurisdiction of the Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) South West Transportation Planning Council. The highway is a secondary weight highway with a thin membrane surface type as it only has an average of 390 vehicles per day (vpd) according to the 2007 Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) count which was taken north of Rockglen. Highway 2 begins a concurrency with Highway 18 in a northeasterly direction. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures, hay and fodder crops and spring wheat are the main crops in Old Post rural municipality (RM). There is a point of information at km 42. This area is known as the Wood Mountain Uplands where there are mining endeavours undertaken such as coal, bentonite, kaolinitic and ceramic clays. Paleontological digs have uncovered a 63-million-year-old sea turtle which has been excavated in the Killdeer region. Rockglen is located at km 49, and Highway 2 now extends in a northerly direction again. Rockglen (Population 450 in 2001 and 360 in 2006 ) and Assiniboia ( 2,483 in 2001 and 2,305 in 2006 ) are the two largest centers between the border and the city of Moose Jaw. This geographical region of Highway 2 from Rockglen to Assiniboia has been upgraded to a Class 3 highway as it carries approximately 800 vehicles per day counted to the south of Assiniboia. Therefore, the surface type before Assiniboia is a granular road surface which is a structural pavement with a hot mix surface coating. The highway type, surface, maintenance and construction projects are looked after by the SHS South Central Traffic Planning Committee. Fife Lake is located to the north east of the highway. The St. Victor Petroglyph Historic Park is located just to the west of Highway 2 by . These unique petroglyph features carved into the sandstone are slowly disappearing. At km 103 is the town of Assiniboia where 1,260 vpd results in the highway designated as an asphalt concrete (AS) Class 2 primary weight highway all the way to Moose Jaw. Junction with Highway 13, the Red Coat Trail occurs at km 103, providing access to Lafleche. Vantage is located to the west of the highway along this stretch, with access provided at km 128. Mossbank is located at the intersection with Highway 718. Here is the southeast portion of Old Wives Lake, which is a part of the Chaplin, Old Wives Lake, Reed Lakes ("Hemispheric") - Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network ("WHSRN") Site, a designated Hemispheric Shorebird Reserve Network, protecting three saline lakes, saline and freshwater marshes. Ardill is located near the northern extremity of Lake of the Rivers. Highway 36 is located at km 175, which provides access to Crestwynd, and the Jean Louis Legare Regional Park. At km 183, is the junction with Highway 716 west providing access to Briercrest.
Point Roberts, Washington
Point Roberts is a U.S. exclave bordered by Canada and the waters of Boundary Bay. It is south of Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. Point Roberts is part of the U.S. because it lies south of the 49th parallel, which constitutes the Canada–US border in that area. Other exclaves of this type include the U.S. state of Alaska, parts of Minnesota such as the Northwest Angle and Elm Point, Minnesota. Alburgh, Vermont and nearby Province Point are separated by from the rest of the U.S. by Lake Champlain, though Alburgh is reachable by highway bridge from "mainland" Vermont.
Canusa Street
Local legend claims that a group of rather drunken surveyors, when given the task of determining the United States-Canada border line in the region (nominally at 45.00°N), decided to place the border right through the center of the village along what is now Canusa Street. On the current cadastral graphic matrix however, the border line is drawn along the southern border to the street, suggesting that it is entirely located within Canada.
Canada–United States border
The actual number of U.S. and Canadian border security personnel is classified; there are in excess of 17,000 United States Border Patrol personnel on the Mexico–U.S. border alone.
Canada–United States border
The Haskell Free Library and Opera House straddles the border in Derby Line, Vermont, and Stanstead, Quebec. Private homes are divided by the International Boundary line between Estcourt Station, Maine, and Pohénégamook, Quebec. Private homes between Beebe Plain, Quebec and Beebe Plain, Vermont; a seasonal home between Alburgh, Vermont, and Noyan, Quebec, at the intersection of Matthias Lane in Alburgh and Chemin au Bord de l'Eau in Noyan; and one house between Richford, Vermont, and Abercorn, Quebec, are also divided by the border.
Fort Fairfield - Andover Border Crossing
The Fort Fairfield - Andover Border Crossing is an international border crossing between the towns of Fort Fairfield, Maine, United States, and Perth-Andover, New Brunswick, Canada on the Canada–US border, joining Maine State Route 161 (Boundary Line Road) and New Brunswick Route 190 (Fort Road). The United States border station was built in 1933, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014. The Canada border station was built in 2007, replacing the previous facility that was built in 1954. This crossing was a historical flashpoint during the bloodless Aroostook War of the 1830s, in which the US and Great Britain disputed the border's location. That dispute was ended with the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842.
Peace Arch
Peace Arch Park consists of Peace Arch Provincial Park on the Canadian side and Peace Arch State Park on the American side of the border. Within the park is a major border crossing (between Interstate 5 on the U.S. side and British Columbia Highway 99 on the Canadian side). The Peace Arch symbolizes a long history of peace between the two nations. Because of the Peace Arch monument, the border crossing between Surrey and Blaine is popularly known as the "Peace Arch Border Crossing". In Canada, the crossing is officially named Douglas after Sir James Douglas, the first governor of the Colony of British Columbia. It is one of the busiest border crossings between Canada and the United States, and the busiest such crossing west of Detroit.
Canada–United States border
The Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes became the boundary further west (between what is now Ontario and the United States).
Canadian River
The Canadian River is the longest tributary of the Arkansas River in the United States. It is about long, starting in Colorado and traveling through New Mexico, the Texas Panhandle, and Oklahoma. The drainage area is about .
U.S. Route 11
U.S. Route 11 (US 11) is a signed north–south (while physically generally northeast-southwest) highway United States highway extending 1,645 miles (2,647 km) across the eastern United States. The southern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 90 in the Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge in eastern New Orleans, Louisiana. The northern terminus is at the Rouses Point - Lacolle 223 Border Crossing in Rouses Point, New York. The route continues across the border into Canada as Quebec Route 223. US 11, created in 1926, largely follows the route of the original plan.
Forest City Border Crossing
The Forest City Border Crossing connects the towns of Forest City, Maine and Forest City, New Brunswick on the Canada–US border. At this crossing, Canada is still operating the original border station built in 1931. The US built a new border station in 2013, replacing a building that was built in 1964. The original plans called for a much larger facility, but the design was scaled back at the request of local residents. Open from 8am to 4pm, fewer than seven cars a day use the crossing.
Canada–United States border
Where required, fences or vehicle blockades are used. All persons crossing the border are required to report to the respective customs and immigration agencies in each country. In remote areas where staffed border crossings are not available, there are hidden sensors on roads and also scattered in wooded areas near crossing points and on many trails and railways, but there are not enough border personnel on either side to verify and stop coordinated incursions. There is no border zone; the U.S. Customs and Border Protection routinely sets up checkpoints as far as into U.S. territory.
49th parallel north
Although parts of Vancouver Island and parts of Eastern Canada are south of the 49th parallel, and parts of the United States (Alaska, Northwest Angle) are north of it, the term "49th parallel" is sometimes used metonymically to refer to the entire Canada-U.S. border. Actually, many of Canada's most populated regions (and about 72% of the population) are south of the 49th parallel, including the two largest cities Toronto (43°42′ north) and Montreal (45°30′ north), the federal capital Ottawa (45°25′ north) and the capitals of all provinces except the Prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba), these being the only provinces entirely north of the 49th parallel. The three Maritime provinces are each entirely south of the parallel, but the vast majority of Canadian territory lies north of it.
British Columbia Highway 97
Highway 97 is the longest continuously numbered route in the Canadian province of British Columbia (and the longest provincial highway in any province), running from the Canada–United States border near Osoyoos in the south to the British Columbia/Yukon boundary in the north at Watson Lake, Yukon. The route takes its number from U.S. Route 97, with which it connects at the international border. The highway was initially designated '97' in 1953.
Mexico–United States border
The Mexico–United States border () is an international border separating Mexico and the United States, extending from the Pacific Ocean in the west to the Gulf of Mexico in the east. The border traverses a variety of terrains, ranging from urban areas to deserts. The Mexico–US border is the most frequently crossed border in the world, with approximately 350 million documented crossings annually.
Borders of Canada
The border begins at the southern tip of Beau Lake at 47°18′N, 69°03′W and proceeds to the Saint John River. The border then proceeds through the Saint John River until 47°04′N, 67°47′W, where it splits from the river and heads southward. Then, at 45°56′N, 67°47′W heads into the Chiputneticook Lakes, which subsequently lead it to the St. Croix River. The border then proceeds through the St. Croix River to Passamaquoddy Bay, which in turn leads it past Grand Manan Island into the middle of the Bay of Fundy, where it turns in a southerly direction and then terminates upon reaching international waters. This border is shared entirely with the U.S. state of Maine.
Former colonies and territories in Canada
Although Canada and the United States share the longest non-militarized border between two countries, there is a long history of disputes about the border's demarcation.
List of Canada–United States border crossings
This is a list of roads that cross the U.S.-Canada border that do not have border inspection services, but where you are legally allowed to cross the border in one or both directions. In prior years, there were dozens of such roads where one could legally cross the border and then proceed to an open Customs office to report for inspection, but most have since been barricaded. Requirements for reporting to CBSA or CBP for inspection are noted.
Ontario Highway 401
Highway 401 does not yet extend the last few kilometres to Detroit; an extension to Brighton Beach (at the Canada–US border in Windsor) was completed in November 2015, after which the Gordie Howe International Bridge will extend Highway 401 across the Canada–United States border to a connection through Delray to Interstate 75 in Michigan by the end of 2024.
At present, Highway 401 begins as a six-lane freeway at the west end of the E. C. Row Expressway. At the Dougall Parkway, the highway turns east and exits Windsor. From here, Highway 401 mostly parallels the former route of Highway 98 from Windsor to Tilbury.
Southwestern Ontario is flat, primarily agricultural land, that takes advantage of the fertile clay soil deposited throughout the region.
The main river through the region is the Thames River, which drains the second largest watershed in southern Ontario and largely influences the land use surrounding the highway;
It parallels the route to the north between Tilbury and Woodstock.
Alaska Highway
"The Milepost" shows the Canadian section of the highway now to be approximately , but the first milepost inside Alaska is 1222. The actual length of the highway inside Alaska is no longer clear because rerouting, as in Canada, has shortened the route, but unlike Canada, mileposts in Alaska are not recalibrated. The BC and Yukon governments and Public Works Canada have recalibrated kilometre posts. The latest BC recalibration was carried out in 1990; using its end-point at the border at Historic Mile 630, the Yukon government has recalibrated in three stages: in 2002, from Mile 630 to the west end of the Champagne revision; in fall 2005, to a point just at the southeast shore of Kluane Lake, and in fall 2008, to the border with Alaska.
Canadian River
In 1818, the Quapaw tribe ceded all its land north of the Canadian to the United States, thus making this river the effective southern boundary of the new nation. In 1825, the Osage ceded their claims to land along the river. The Canadian was designated as the boundary between the Creek-Seminole lands on the north side and the Choctaw (and later the Chickasaw) on the south side. Major Stephen H. Long led an expedition up the Canadian River in 1821. He proclaimed the land along the river as the "Great American Desert." Despite this assessment, trading posts were established along the river, starting with Edwards' Post at the mouth of Little River. Camp Holmes was established by Colonel Henry Dodge's Dragoons in 1834. Captain Nathan Boone led a dragoon troop up the river to the 100th Meridian, which was then the western border of the United States.
Laurier-Cascade Border Crossing
The Laurier-Cascade Border Crossing connects the town of Kettle Falls, Washington with Christina Lake, British Columbia on the Canada–US border. This crossing is the point at which the road signed as US Route 395 on the American side and British Columbia Highway 395 on the Canadian side, the Kettle River, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the runway of the Avey Field State Airport all traverse the Canada–US border.
Quebec Route 217
Route 217 previously extended south from Montée Guay to the Canada–US border, connecting with Meridian Road at Champlain, New York. However, this port of entry closed around 1950, with the Canada border station later dismantled and the US border station converted into offices for the United States Department of Agriculture. This segment remained part of Route 217 (and its pre-1970s predecessor, Route 9A) as recent as 2005, but in recent years has been truncated at Montée Guay.
Willow Creek Border Crossing
The Willow Creek Border Crossing connects the cities of Havre, Montana and Govenlock, Saskatchewan on the Canada–United States border. It is reached by Montana Secondary Highway 233 on the American side and Saskatchewan Highway 21 on the Canadian side. Canada replaced its 1974 border station at this crossing with a modular unit in 2015. The US replaced its border inspection facilities in 2012. These facilities were originally built in 1962. Prior to that time, people entering the US at this location were expected to travel to Havre to report for inspection. The last 10 miles of the road between Havre and the Canada–US border were unpaved as recently as 2000.
Whitlash-Aden Border Crossing
The crossing was established in 1929, when Canada decided to close its facility at nearby Pinhorn, Alberta. Prior to the 2012 reconstruction of the US and Canada border stations, the US operated out of a red wooden structure built in 1974, and Canada had a white steel building constructed in 1973 that lacked an inspection canopy. This is one of the few crossings on the Canada–United States border that is located on an unpaved road, although about 100 yards of road surface directly in front of the new US border station was paved in 2012.
Top of the World Highway
As of August 2016, the U.S. portion of the highway is paved from the Taylor Highway junction almost as far as Chicken, Alaska, and again for the final 10 kilometers from the Eagle turnoff to the Canada–United States border. Most of the Canadian portion is unpaved. The paved Canadian sections are from kilometer 0 (at Dawson) to km 9 (mile 0 to mi 5.4), km 74 to 76 (mi 46.0 to 47.2), km 79 to 82 (mi 49.1 to 51.0), km 83 to 94 (mi 51.6 to 58.4) and km 99 to 104 (mi 61.5 to 64.6) at the Canada–US border.
Canada–United States border
An 1844 boundary dispute during U.S. President James K. Polk's administration led to a call for the northern boundary of the U.S. west of the Rockies to be latitude 54° 40' north (related to the southern boundary of Russia's Alaska Territory), but the United Kingdom wanted a border that followed the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. The dispute was resolved in the Oregon Treaty of 1846, which established the 49th parallel as the boundary through the Rockies.
Raymond–Regway Border Crossing
The Raymond–Regway Border Crossing connects the towns of Plentywood, Montana and Minton, Saskatchewan on the Canada–US border. It is reached by Montana Highway 16 on the American side and Saskatchewan Highway 6 on the Canadian side. It is the only 24-hour crossing on the Montana–Saskatchewan segment of the border. It is also the easternmost crossing in Montana. The US border station was built in 1937 and replaced in 2005. Canada's previous border station, which was built in 1978, was replaced in 2015.
Border irregularities of the United States
East Richford Slide Road in the US state of Vermont crosses in to the Canadian province of Québec for a distance of approximately 100 meters (300 feet) before returning to the United States.
Canada–United States border
The Rush–Bagot Treaty of 1817 provided a plan for demilitarizing the two combatant sides in the War of 1812 and also laid out preliminary principles for drawing a border between British North America (later Canada) and the United States.
Chief Mountain Border Crossing
The Chief Mountain Border Crossing connects the town of Babb, Montana with Pincher Creek, Alberta on the Canada–US border. This crossing, reached by Montana Highway 17 from the American side and by Alberta Highway 6 from the Canadian side, is the only road border crossing within the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. It is one of only two on the US-Canada border that are closed in winter (Poker Creek - Little Gold Creek Border Crossing is the other).
Saskatchewan Highway 6
Highway 6 is a paved undivided major provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Montana Highway 16 at the Canada–US border near the Canada customs port of Regway to Highway 55 near Choiceland. Highway 6 is about long. The CanAm Highway comprises Saskatchewan Highways from south to north: SK 35, Sk 39, Sk 6, Sk 3, as well as Sk 2. of Saskatchewan Highway 6 contribute to the CanAm Highway between Corinne and Melfort.
Borders of Canada
The border begins at the northwesternmost point of Minnesota's Northwest Angle 49°23′N, 95°09′W, and proceeds in an easterly direction through the Angle Inlet into the Lake of the Woods. At 41°19′N, 94°48′W in the Lake of the Woods, the border turns to a southerly direction, and continues into the Rainy River. The border then follows the Rainy River to Rainy Lake, then subsequently through numerous small lakes, including Lake Namakan, Lac la Croix, and Sea Gull Lake, until reaching the Pigeon River, which leads it out into Lake Superior. The border continues through Lake Superior to Whitefish Bay. The border then proceeds through Whitefish Bay into the St. Mary's River, then into the North Channel, then, at 45°59′N 83°26′N, turns to a southerly direction into the False Detour Channel, and reaches Lake Huron. The border then heads in a southerly direction through Lake Huron until reaching the St. Clair River, which subsequently leads it to Lake St. Clair. The border then proceeds through Lake St. Clair, reaching the Detroit River, which leads it to Lake Erie. The border then proceeds through Lake Erie into the Niagara River, which leads into Lake Ontario. The border then proceeds in a northwesterly direction in Lake Ontario, then at 43°27′N, 79°12′W, the border makes a sharp turn to a north easterly direction. The border then reaches and proceeds through the St. Lawrence River. Finally, at 45°00′N, 74°40′E, the border splits from the St. Lawrence River and continues into Quebec. This border, going from west to east, is shared with the U.S. states of Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York.
East–West Highway (New England)
Current backers of the highway propose an east–west axis through northern and central Maine — these could cover up to three existing surface ports of entry on the U.S.-Canada border, two from Québec; and one from New Brunswick. Any new highway achieving the New Brunswick crossing would run from Interstate 395 in Brewer, Maine, to the Canada–United States border near Calais, with a direct link to New Brunswick Route 1—a major transportation corridor serving the Maritimes. A potential obstacle to the eastern end of such an American highway could be the presence of the Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge, as its "Baring division's" easternmost extremities, on the American side, lie close to the International Avenue Bridge that crosses the international border between Maine and New Brunswick in the area. The more-southerly located link with Québec would travel northwest from Interstate 95 near Waterville, Maine, to the Canada–United States border at Coburn Gore, with a connection to a proposed extension of the "Canton de l'Est" extension of Quebec's Autoroute 10 eastwards from Montreal. One possible routing for an "east-west freeway" would travel due west from Interstate 95 near Waterville, following the U.S. Route 2 corridor through Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and upper New York state. The more northerly-located link to Québec would exist with Autoroute 73, whose "Chaudière-Appalaches" proposed southeast extension within Quebec could link through, and generally heads directly towards (as Quebec Route 173 already does), the existing Armstrong–Jackman Border Crossing some 57 km (34 miles) northeast of Coburn Gore, ME, despite no link to the American Interstate Highway System existing or planned to exist to it — only the two-lane U.S. Route 201 - Maine State Route 6 currently has a northern terminus at that specific port of entry.
1.25-meter band
Until January 2006, Canadian amateur radio operators were allowed operate within the entire 220–225 MHz band. Canadian operations within 120 km of the United States border were required to observe a number of restrictions on antenna height and power levels to coordinate use with non-amateur services in the United States.
Height of Land Portage
Height of Land Portage is a portage along the historic Boundary Waters route between Canada and the United States. Located at the border of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Minnesota, the path is a relatively easy crossing of the Laurentian Divide separating the watersheds of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans.
Borders of Canada
The former, continuing from the Yukon-Alaska border, proceeds through the St. Elias Mountains. Afterwards, at Mt. Fairweather at 58°54′N, 137°31′W, the border heads northwestwards towards the Coast Mountains. Afterwards, at 59°48′N, 135°28′W, the border heads in a generally southeastwardly direction along the Coast Mountains. The border eventually reaches the Portland Canal, and follows it outward to the Dixon Entrance. The border then follows the Dixon Entrance out into the Pacific Ocean, and terminates upon reaching international waters.
Borders of Canada
The entire Canada–U.S. border in the Canadian province of Alberta lies on the 49th parallel north. This border, going from west to east, is shared with the U.S. state of Montana.
Border control
The best-known border vista is a six-metre cleared space around unguarded portions of the Canada–United States border (; ).
List of land borders with dates of establishment
"Canada–United States
Canada–United States border
Unstaffed road crossings: There are six roads that do not have border inspection services in one or both directions, where travelers are legally allowed to cross the border.
Alburgh–Noyan Border Crossing
The crossing—among the least busy in Vermont, with as few as 20 cars a day using it—has a single building that houses both the US and Canada border inspection agencies, the first of five such facilities. While the two nations' agents work separately, they share a break room. It is the only crossing east of the Great Lakes that features a joint border inspection station. It was built in 1992, one of just two created prior to the 1995 "Canada-United States Accord on Our Shared Border."
Rouses Point–Lacolle 223 Border Crossing
The Rouses Point - Lacolle 223 Border Crossing connects the towns of Lacolle, Quebec and Rouses Point, New York on the Canada–US border. This crossing is open 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. Because the municipality of Lacolle, Quebec has two border crossings, CBSA calls this one 223 to indicate it is the crossing on Quebec Route 223. The other crossing is the Overton Corners–Lacolle 221 Border Crossing immediately to the west. Historically, it was called Cantic, which was a local village name that is no longer used.
U.S. Route 81
The decommissioning of portions of U.S. 81 that have been displaced by concurrent Interstate highways means that U.S. 81 no longer extends from the Canada–US border to the Mexico—US border, while one of its "children", U.S. Route 281 does extend to both borders. As a result of decommissioning portions of US 81, the length of U.S. 81 is actually 672 miles shorter than of its "child."
Peace Arch Border Crossing
The Peace Arch Border Crossing is the common name for the border crossing which connects the towns of Blaine, Washington and Surrey, British Columbia on the Canada–United States border. The crossing is reached by Interstate 5 on the American side and by British Columbia Highway 99 on the Canadian side. It serves the most direct route between the major cities of Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia, and the crossing is the third-busiest on the border with up to 4,800 cars a day. Wait times can be up to four hours; traffic lights exist on the southbound lane, with timers showing when the light will turn green so drivers can turn off engines, visit the park, and use public restrooms. Between the two border stations sits the Peace Arch Park, where visitors are free to cross the border within the confines of the park.
U.S. Route 5 in Vermont
U.S. Route 5 (US 5) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from New Haven, Connecticut to the Canada–United States border at Derby Line, Vermont. In Vermont, the road runs south–north from the Massachusetts state line near Guilford to the international border. The that lie in Vermont are maintained by the Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans) and run largely parallel to Interstate 91. US 5 also follows the path of the Connecticut River from the Massachusetts border to St. Johnsbury, where the river turns northeast while US 5 continues north. The highway serves the major towns of Brattleboro, Hartford, and St. Johnsbury, along with the city of Newport near the Canadian border.
Canadian Cascade Arc
The Canadian Cascade Arc, also called the Canadian Cascades, is the Canadian segment of the North American Cascade Volcanic Arc. Located entirely within the Canadian province of British Columbia, it extends from the Cascade Mountains in the south to the Coast Mountains in the north. Specifically, the southern end of the Canadian Cascades begin at the Canada–United States border. However, the specific boundaries of the northern end are not precisely known and the geology in this part of the volcanic arc is poorly understood. It is widely accepted by geologists that the Canadian Cascade Arc extends through the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains. However, others have expressed concern that the volcanic arc possibly extends further north into the Kitimat Ranges, another subdivision of the Coast Mountains, and even as far north as Haida Gwaii (formerly known as the Queen Charlotte Islands).
Georges Bank
The decision by Canada and the United States to declare an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 200 nautical miles (370 km) in the late 1970s led to overlapping EEZ claims on Georges Bank, and resulted in quickly deteriorating relations between fishers from both countries, who respectively asserted claim to the fishery resources. Both nations agreed in 1979 to refer the question of maritime boundary delimitation to the International Court of Justice in The Hague. Following five years of hearings and consultation, the ICJ delivered its decision in 1984, which split the maritime boundary in the Gulf of Maine between both nations out to the 200 nautical miles limit, giving the bulk of Georges Bank to the United States. Canada's portion of the Gulf of Maine now includes the easternmost portion of Georges Bank.
Pinnacle Road–East Pinnacle Border Crossing
The border crossing is one of the least busy in Vermont, with three to 20 cars using it a day. For many years, there were no border inspection services at this location. Finally in 1971, the US built a border inspection station. Canada built its border station in 1982, rerouting Chemin de la Frontiere around it. US station is open 24/7 while the Canadian Side is only open from 8AM to 4PM.
Borders of Canada
The borders of Canada include the longest shared border in the world, with the United States as well as a long maritime boundary with Denmark, at the autonomous island country of Greenland, and a short maritime border with France, at the overseas islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.
Canada–United States border
The International Boundary is commonly referred to as the world's "longest undefended border", but this is true only in the military sense, as civilian law enforcement is present. It is illegal to cross the border outside border controls. Everyone crossing the border must be checked. The relatively low level of security measures stands in contrast to that of the United States – Mexico border (one-third as long as the Canada–U.S. border), which is actively patrolled by U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel to prevent illegal migration and drug trafficking.
Champlain–St. Bernard de Lacolle Border Crossing
The Champlain–St. Bernard de Lacolle Border Crossing connects Champlain, New York and St-Bernard-de-Lacolle, Quebec on the United States–Canada border. It is the terminus of Interstate 87 in the US and Quebec Autoroute 15 in Canada. The route is the primary corridor between Montreal—less than 30 miles from the border—and New York City. The crossing is among the busiest in the US; more than two million travelers use it annually, including more than one half million during July and August. and is the second-busiest USA-Canada border crossing that is not located at a bridge. This crossing is open 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.
Outline of Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area, and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest, and marine borders with France and Greenland on the east and northeast, respectively.
Canada–United States border
Rail crossings:There are 39 railroads that cross the US–Canada border. Nine of these are no longer in use. Eleven of them cross the border at bridges or tunnels. Only four international rail lines currently carry passengers between the US and Canada.
General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper
On 14 October 2013, an MQ-9 began patrolling the Manitoba portion of the U.S.-Canada border. The UAV is based at Grand Forks Air Force Base and will watch the -long border. The drone will not carry weapons and needs permission to enter Canadian airspace. U.S. authorities fear that drug smugglers, migrants, and terrorists may exploit the long border. The use of the unmanned surveillance aircraft is an enhancement of the partnership between U.S. and Canadian agencies.
British Columbia
There are only five major routes to the rest of Canada. From south to north they are: BC Highway 3 through the Crowsnest Pass, the Vermilion Pass (Highway 93 in both British Columbia and Alberta), the Kicking Horse Pass, the latter being used by the Trans-Canada Highway entering Alberta through Banff National Park, the Yellowhead Highway (16) through Jasper National Park, and Highway 2 through Dawson Creek. There are also several highway crossings to the adjoining American states of Washington, Idaho, and Montana. The longest highway is Highway 97, running from the British Columbia-Washington border at Osoyoos north to Watson Lake, Yukon and which includes the British Columbia portion of the Alaska Highway.
Canadian Border Peak
Canadian Border Peak, , originally known simply as Border Peak, is a mountain at the head of Slesse Creek in the Cascade Mountains of the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. As its name suggests, it is near the Canada–US border and is connected via a high ridge or col to American Border Peak, which is slightly higher at . The two together are known as the Border Peaks or American-Canadian Border Peaks and are most easily visible within nearby settled parts of Canada from the northern part of Sumas Prairie and the western part of Chilliwack Prairie in the area of Greendale, which is just east of the boundary between the cities of Chilliwack and Abbotsford.
List of Canada–United States border crossings
This is a list of border crossings along the International Boundary between Canada and the United States. They are ordered from west to east (crossings with Alaska from north to south). Each port of entry in the table below links to an article about that crossing.
Borders of Canada
British Columbia has two international borders with the United States; one with the state of Alaska, and one at the southern end with the northwestern continental United States.
Continental Divide Trail
The Continental Divide National Scenic Trail (in short Continental Divide Trail (CDT)) is a United States National Scenic Trail running between Mexico and Canada. It follows the Continental Divide of the Americas along the Rocky Mountains and traverses five U.S. states — Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico. In Montana it crosses Triple Divide Pass (near Triple Divide Peak which separates the Hudson Bay, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean drainages.) The trail is a combination of dedicated trails and small roads and considered 70% complete. Portions designated as uncompleted must be traveled by roadwalking on dirt or paved roads. This trail can be continued north into Canada to Kakwa Lake north of Jasper National Park by the Great Divide Trail.
Interstate 69
Interstate 69 (I-69) is an Interstate Highway in the United States currently consisting of seven disjointed parts with an original continuous segment from Indianapolis, Indiana, northeast to the Canada–US border in Port Huron, Michigan, at . The remaining separated parts are variously completed and posted or unposted parts of an extension southwest to the Mexican border in Texas. Of this extension—nicknamed the NAFTA Superhighway because it would help trade with Canada and Mexico spurred by the North American Free Trade Agreement—five pieces near Corpus Christi, Houston, northwestern Mississippi, Memphis, and Evansville have been newly built or upgraded and signposted as I-69. A sixth segment of I-69 through Kentucky utilizing that state's existing parkway system and a section of I-24 was established by federal legislation in 2008, but only a portion is signposted. A section of the previously existing Western Kentucky Parkway from Eddyville to Nortonville was approved and signposted in late 2011, with the Pennyrile Parkway between Nortonville and Henderson being signed as I-69 in 2015. This brings the total length to about .
International Avenue Bridge
Although both facilities began actual operations with the bridge opening on November 16, 2009, the United States Customs facility in Calais was officially opened by Senator Susan Collins on November 23, while the Canada Customs facility in St. Stephen was officially opened by Prime Minister Stephen Harper on January 8, 2010. The new bridge represents the first new Canada–US border crossing between the US and Canada in over 40 years.
Canada–United States trade relations
The strength of the Canada–U.S. relationship is demonstrated by impressive bilateral trade of approximately $1.9 billion a day, along the world's longest undefended border. Energy trade is the largest component of this cross-border commerce. Canada has the third-largest oil reserves (after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela), thanks to its oil-sands resources. The United States has historically been Canada's only foreign market for natural gas, oil, and hydropower. In 2010, almost 100% of Canada's exports in these commodity classes were destined for the United States. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of crude oil (25% of oil imports) and natural gas to the United States. In short, this energy relationship has enhanced U.S. energy security and provided Canada with steady demand for its energy exports.
U.S. Route 62
U.S. Route 62 or U.S. Highway 62 (US 62) runs from the Mexico-US border at El Paso, Texas, to Niagara Falls, New York, near the Canada–US border. It is the only east-west United States Numbered Highway that connects Mexico and Canada.
Canada
Canada and the United States share the world's longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other's largest trading partner. Canada nevertheless has an independent foreign policy, most notably maintaining full relations with Cuba, and declining to officially participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Canada also maintains historic ties to the United Kingdom and France and to other former British and French colonies through Canada's membership in the Commonwealth of Nations and the Francophonie. Canada is noted for having a positive relationship with the Netherlands, owing, in part, to its contribution to the Dutch liberation during World War II.
Thousand Islands Border Crossing
The Thousand Islands Border Crossing connects the towns of Alexandria Bay, New York and Ivy Lea, Ontario on the Canada–US border. The crossing is via the international span of the Thousand Islands Bridge. The Thousand Islands bridge, which was completed in 1938, is actually a system of three bridges and the island roadways connecting them. The international span, which crosses a small rift between Wellesley Island in the US and Hill Island in Canada, is only in length. A second, parallel span was built in 1959 to accommodate congestion at the ports of entry. The US and Canada border stations are located at the opposite ends of this span.
Demographics of Canada
vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia
Ambrose–Torquay Border Crossing
The Ambrose–Torquay Border Crossing connects the towns of Ambrose, North Dakota and Torquay, Saskatchewan on the Canada–US border. It is reached by North Dakota Highway 42 on the American side and Saskatchewan Highway 350 on the Canadian side. The United States continues to use the border station it built in 1937, which was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2014. The tiny Canada border station was built in 1957.
Pacific Highway Border Crossing
The Pacific Highway Border Crossing connects the towns of Blaine, Washington and Surrey, British Columbia on the Canada–United States border. It is located on the Pacific Highway which runs from San Diego, California to Vancouver, British Columbia. What started as a dirt road alternative route to the Peace Arch Border Crossing in 1913, the Pacific Highway soon became the preferred route when it was paved in 1923. The part of the Pacific Highway that crosses the border here is now signed as British Columbia Highway 15 on the Canadian side and Washington State Route 543 on the American side. Since the 1970s, all commercial vehicles crossing the border between Blaine and Surrey are required to use this crossing. It is now one of the five busiest commercial border crossings on the US-Canada border.
Canada
Canada is home to the world's northernmost settlement, Canadian Forces Station Alert, on the northern tip of Ellesmere Island – latitude 82.5°N – which lies from the North Pole. Much of the Canadian Arctic is covered by ice and permafrost. Canada has the longest coastline in the world, with a total length of ; additionally, its border with the United States is the world's longest land border, stretching . Three of Canada's arctic islands, Baffin Island, Victoria Island and Ellesmere Island, are among the ten largest in the world.
Canada–United States border
In 1903 a joint United Kingdom–Canada–U.S. tribunal established the boundary of southeast Alaska.
Border guard
Canada Border Services Agency is a law enforcement agency of the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. Created in 2003, it amalgamated the enforcement activities performed by three separate government entities (Canada Customs and Revenue Agency, Citizenship and Immigration Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency). Traditionally unarmed, the arming of Border Services Officers, Investigators, and Inland Enforcement Officers began in 2007 and was scheduled to be completed by 2016. Officers are found at entry points to Canada (airports, marine entry points, and land crossing points with the United States. Along with United States Border Patrol, the CBSA is responsible for guarding the longest border in the world.
Grand Portage–Pigeon River Border Crossing
Both the US and Canada border stations are open 24 hours per day.