How many stories are in One Thousand and One Nights?
One Hundred and One Nights (book)
One Hundred and One Nights () is a book of Arab literature consisting of twenty stories, which presents many similarities to the more famous "One Thousand and One Nights".
A Thousand and One Nights (1945 film)
A Thousand and One Nights is a 1945 tongue-in-cheek Technicolor fantasy film set in the Baghdad of the "One Thousand and One Nights" directed by Alfred E. Green and starring Cornel Wilde as Aladdin, Evelyn Keyes as the genie of the magic lamp, Phil Silvers as Aladdin's larcenous sidekick, and Adele Jergens as the princess Aladdin loves.
Mikhail Salye
Mikhail Alexandrovich Salye (21 August 1899 – 17 August 1961) was a Soviet Arabist scholar and translator. Salye was the first to translate "One Thousand and One Nights" into Russian directly from the Arabic source. Additionally, he translated into Russian seven tales not contained in the Calcutta II edition of "One Thousand and One Nights" (from the manuscript in the National Library of Russia).
One Thousand and One Nights
An early example of the frame story, or framing device, is employed in the "One Thousand and One Nights", in which the character Scheherazade narrates a set of tales (most often fairy tales) to the Sultan Shahriyar over many nights. Many of Scheherazade's tales are also frame stories, such as the "Tale of Sindbad the Seaman and Sindbad the Landsman" being a collection of adventures related by Sindbad the Seaman to Sindbad the Landsman.
Arabic literature
Many of the tales in the "One Thousand and One Nights" are also love stories or involve romantic love as a central theme. This includes the frame story of Scheherazade herself, and many of the stories she narrates, including "Aladdin", "The Ebony Horse", "The Three Apples", "Tale of Tàj al-Mulúk and the Princess Dunyà: The Lover and the Loved", "Adi bin Zayd and the Princess Hind", "Di'ibil al-Khuza'i With the Lady and Muslim bin al-Walid", "The Three Unfortunate Lovers", and others.
Arabian Nights (ballet)
One Thousand and One Nights (sometimes referred to as Arabian Nights) is a ballet in two acts by Fikret Amirov to a libretto by playwrights Magsud Ibrahimbeyov and Rustam Ibragimbekov, together with the choreographer Naila Nazirova and artist Togrul Narimanbekov. The libretto is based on episodes from "One Thousand and One Nights", a collection of stories and folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. The ballet premiered in 1979 at the Azerbaijan State Opera and Ballet Theater.
Les mille et une nuits
"Les Mille et une Nuits"
List of stories within One Thousand and One Nights
This is a list of the stories in Richard Francis Burton's translation of One Thousand and One Nights. Burton's first ten volumes—which he called "The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night"—were published in 1885. His "Supplemental Nights" were published between 1886 and 1888 as six volumes. Later pirate copies split the very large third volume into two volumes. The nights are in the style of stories within stories, and the frame story is "The Story Of King Shahryar of Persia and His Brother" or "The Story Of King Shahryar and Queen Shahrazad", in which Shahrazad tells tales to her husband Shahryar.Also included in this volume
Indefinite and fictitious numbers
In Arabic, 1001 is used similarly, as in "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights" ("lit." "a thousand nights and one night"). Many modern English book titles use this convention as well: "1,001 Uses for ...".
Al-Jafr (book)
Al-Jafr is mentioned in the storyline of One Thousand and One Nights and an accurate explanation of al-Jafr is offered by Richard Francis Burton in The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night (six volumes 1886 – 1888).
Persian literature
"One Thousand and One Nights" () is a medieval folk tale collection which tells the story of Scheherazade ( "Šahrzād"), a Sassanid queen who must relate a series of stories to her malevolent husband, King Shahryar ( "Šahryār"), to delay her execution. The stories are told over a period of one thousand and one nights, and every night she ends the story with a suspenseful situation, forcing the King to keep her alive for another day. The individual stories were created over several centuries, by many people from a number of different lands.
List of One Thousand and One Nights characters
This is a list of characters in the medieval collection of Middle Eastern folk tales One Thousand and One Nights.
The Pot Bears a Son
A form of this tale also appeared in "The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night".
One Thousand and One Nights
Another early foreshadowing technique is "formal patterning", "the organization of the events, actions and gestures which constitute a narrative and give shape to a story; when done well, formal patterning allows the audience the pleasure of discerning and anticipating the structure of the plot as it unfolds". This technique is also found in "One Thousand and One Nights".
One Thousand and One Nights
The "Nights" contain many examples of sexual humour. Some of this borders on satire, as in the tale called "Ali with the Large Member" which pokes fun at obsession with human penis size.
Tales of the Arabian Nights (board game)
Jeff Grubb comments: ""Tales of the Arabian Nights" succeeds because its rules match its subject matter so well. The paragraph system within the "Book of Tales" nicely mirrors the type of original storytelling in content, framework, and descriptive language. The original "One Thousand and One Nights" (translated into English many times, from the bowdlerizing E.W. Lane to the bawdy Sir Richard Francis Burton) were a collection of short adventures, sometimes spun out serially, but just as often nested one within the other like Russian matryoshka dolls. The game experience is similar: your encounter with the friendly hunchback can lead you to a kindly efreet, who in turn gives you the opportunity to enter a place of power in the distant islands to the north (Stonehenge). The tales naturally spin out of each other, each being short and self-contained. The game similarly stresses the episodic nature of these magical tales."
Sonic the Hedgehog (character)
"Sonic and the Secret Rings" (2007) features Sonic in the storybook world of "One Thousand and One Nights". A sequel, titled "Sonic and the Black Knight" (2009), continued the storybook theme, this time taking place within the realm of the Arthurian legend.
One Thousand and One Nights
The literary device of the unreliable narrator was used in several fictional medieval Arabic tales of the "One Thousand and One Nights". In one tale, "The Seven Viziers" (also known as "Craft and Malice of Women or The Tale of the King, His Son, His Concubine and the Seven Wazirs"), a courtesan accuses a king's son of having assaulted her, when in reality she had failed to seduce him (inspired by the Qur'anic/Biblical story of Yusuf/Joseph). Seven viziers attempt to save his life by narrating seven stories to prove the unreliability of women, and the courtesan responds back by narrating a story to prove the unreliability of viziers. The unreliable narrator device is also used to generate suspense in "The Three Apples" and humor in "The Hunchback's Tale" (see Crime fiction elements below).
One Hundred and One Nights
One Hundred and One Nights () is a 1995 French comedy film directed by Agnès Varda. It was entered into the 45th Berlin International Film Festival.
List of works influenced by One Thousand and One Nights
There have been many adaptations of "The Nights" for television, cinema and radio.
One Thousand and One Nights
The influence of the versions of "The Nights" on world literature is immense. Writers as diverse as Henry Fielding to Naguib Mahfouz have alluded to the collection by name in their own works. Other writers who have been influenced by the "Nights" include John Barth, Jorge Luis Borges, Salman Rushdie, Orhan Pamuk, Goethe, Walter Scott, Thackeray, Wilkie Collins, Elizabeth Gaskell, Nodier, Flaubert, Marcel Schwob, Stendhal, Dumas, Gérard de Nerval, Gobineau, Pushkin, Tolstoy, Hofmannsthal, Conan Doyle, W. B. Yeats, H. G. Wells, Cavafy, Calvino, Georges Perec, H. P. Lovecraft, Marcel Proust, A. S. Byatt and Angela Carter.
One Thousand and One Nights
Though invisible, fate may be considered a leading character in the "One Thousand and One Nights". The plot devices often used to present this theme are coincidence, reverse causation and the self-fulfilling prophecy (see Foreshadowing below).
Alif Laila
The plot line of the series starts from the very beginning when Shahrzad starts telling stories to Shahryar and contains both the well-known and the lesser-known stories from the "One Thousand and One Nights" which are mentioned here. The name "Alif Laila" is a short form of the original Arabic title of the "One Thousand and One Nights" - "Alif Layla wa-Layla" ().
The episodes of "Alif Laila" were released on both VCD and DVD format. The DVD release was marketed as 20 volumes consisting of 143 episodes, while the VCD released as 50 sets. There have also been DVD and VCD releases of single story arcs.
1001 (number)
In "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights", Scheherazade tells her husband the king a new story every night for 1,001 nights, staving off her execution. From this, 1001 is sometimes used as a generic term for "a very large number", starting with a large number (1000) and going beyond it:
One Thousand and One Nights
The first European version (1704–1717) was translated into French by Antoine Galland from an Arabic text of the Syrian recension and other sources. This 12-volume work, "Les Mille et une nuits, contes arabes traduits en français" ("The Thousand and one nights, Arab stories translated into French"), included stories that were not in the original Arabic manuscript. "Aladdin's Lamp", and "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" (as well as several other lesser-known tales) appeared first in Galland's translation and cannot be found in any of the original manuscripts. He wrote that he heard them from a Syrian Christian storyteller from Aleppo, a Maronite scholar whom he called "Hanna Diab." Galland's version of the "Nights" was immensely popular throughout Europe, and later versions were issued by Galland's publisher using Galland's name without his consent.
A Thousand and One Nights (1958 film)
A Thousand and One Nights (Spanish:Las mil y una noches) is a 1958 Mexican film. It was produced by 
Fernando de Fuentes.
Translations of One Thousand and One Nights
The stories about Sinbad the Sailor were translated into Spanish already in 1253. Old Spanish translations were made particularly by Pedro Pedraza (from Galland), Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (from Mardrus), Eugenio Sanz del Valle, and Luis Aguirre Prado, Alfredo Domínguez (from Mardrus). More accurate translations were made by the Arabists Juan Vernet and Rafael Cansinos Asséns.
The Pretty Little Calf
Some of the story's motif has similarities with stories from "One Thousand and One Nights", namely "Tale of the Trader" and the "Jinni".
A Thousand Nights (album)
"A Thousand Nights" was re-released in 2009 after a limited copies release in 2008.
A Million Nightingales
A Million Nightingales is a historical novel by writer Susan Straight published in 2006. The novel is about Moinette Antoine, a beautiful and self-educated slave of mixed race living in Louisiana in the early to mid-19th century. Moinette narrates her own story from age 14 when she is taken from her mother to the end of her life when she has become a free woman and business owner. The first-person narration is done in a stream of consciousness style that focuses on Moinette's insightful thoughts and impressions of the strange and brutal world around her.
One, No One and One Hundred Thousand
One, No One and One Hundred Thousand ( ) is a 1926 novel by the Italian writer Luigi Pirandello. The novel had a rather long and difficult period of gestation. Pirandello began writing it in 1909. In an autobiographical letter, published in 1924, the author refers to this work as the "...bitterest of all, profoundly humoristic, about the decomposition of life: 
Moscarda one, no one and one hundred thousand." The pages of the unfinished novel remained on Pirandello's desk for years and he would occasionally take out extracts and insert them into other works only to return, later, to the novel in a sort of uninterrupted compositive circle. Finally finished, "Uno, Nessuno e Centomila" came out in episodes between December 1925 and June 1926 in the magazine "Fiera Letteraria."
ODY-C
ODY-C tells the story of the Odyssey, the Orestia, and parts of the One Thousand and One Nights. It follows the main points of the Odyssey, but Fraction attempted to make the story more relatable and human than the poetic original. Christian Ward describes the story both as a psychedelic retelling of the Odyssey set in a burlesque universe and the story of a mother travelling home to her family.
One Thousand and One Nights
Another form of foreshadowing is the self-fulfilling prophecy, which dates back to the story of Krishna in ancient Sanskrit literature, and Oedipus or the death of Heracles in the plays of Sophocles. A variation of this device is the self-fulfilling dream, which can be found in Arabic literature (or the dreams of Joseph and his conflicts with his brothers, in the Hebrew Bible). Several tales in the "One Thousand and One Nights" use this device to foreshadow what is going to happen, as a special form of literary prolepsis. A notable example is "The Ruined Man who Became Rich Again through a Dream", in which a man is told in his dream to leave his native city of Baghdad and travel to Cairo, where he will discover the whereabouts of some hidden treasure. The man travels there and experiences misfortune, ending up in jail, where he tells his dream to a police officer. The officer mocks the idea of foreboding dreams and tells the protagonist that he himself had a dream about a house with a courtyard and fountain in Baghdad where treasure is buried under the fountain. The man recognizes the place as his own house and, after he is released from jail, he returns home and digs up the treasure. In other words, the foreboding dream not only predicted the future, but the dream was the cause of its prediction coming true. A variant of this story later appears in English folklore as the "Pedlar of Swaffham" and Paulo Coelho's "The Alchemist"; Jorge Luis Borges' collection of short stories "A Universal History of Infamy" featured his translation of this particular story into Spanish, as "The Story Of The Two Dreamers."
One Thousand and One Nights
The "Panchatantra" and various tales from "Jatakas" were first translated into Persian by Borzūya in 570 CE, they were later translated into Arabic by Ibn al-Muqaffa in 750 CE. The Arabic version was translated into several languages, including Syriac, Greek, Hebrew and Spanish.
The Orphan's Tales
" The Orphan's Tales" is written in the style of "One Thousand and One Nights"; like the latter's main character Scheherazade, the girl tells a story that then branches into more stories. The prince's sister is named Dinarzad, another reference to "One Thousand and One Nights".
Islam during the Yuan dynasty
The tales of "One Thousand and One Nights" ("Arabian Nights"), some of which were written in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, feature several stories set in and around China. The "Tale of Qamar al-Zaman and Budur" and "The Story of Prince Sayf al-Muluk" both include Chinese characters or settings.
One Thousand and One Nights
Texts of the Egyptian tradition emerge later and contain many more tales of much more varied content; a much larger number of originally independent tales have been incorporated into the collection over the centuries, most of them after the Galland manuscript was written, and were being included as late as in the 18th and 19th centuries, perhaps in order to attain the eponymous number of 1001 nights. The final product of this tradition, the so-called Zotenberg Egyptian Recension, does contain 1001 nights and is reflected in print, with slight variations, by the editions known as the "Bulaq" (1835) and the "Macnaghten" or "Calcutta II" (1839–1842).
List of works influenced by One Thousand and One Nights
Columbia Pictures released "A Thousand and One Nights", starring Cornel Wilde as Aladdin, in 1945.
Abbasid Caliphate
The best known fiction from the Islamic world is "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights", a collection of fantastical folk tales, legends and parables compiled primarily during the Abbassid era. The collection is recorded as having originated from an Arabic translation of a Sassanian era Persian prototype, with likely origins in Indian literary traditions. Stories from Arabic, Persian, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian folklore and literature were later incorporated. The epic is believed to have taken shape in the 10th century and reached its final form by the 14th century; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another. All Arabian fantasy tales were often called "Arabian Nights" when translated into English, regardless of whether they appeared in "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights". This epic has been influential in the West since it was translated in the 18th century, first by Antoine Galland. Many imitations were written, especially in France. Various characters from this epic have themselves become cultural icons in Western culture, such as Aladdin, Sinbad and Ali Baba.
Les mille et une nuits
Les mille et une nuits, contes arabes traduits en français ("The Thousand and One Nights, Arab stories translated into French"), published in 12 volumes between 1704 and 1717, was the first European version of "The Thousand and One Nights" tales. The French translation by Antoine Galland (1646-1715) derived from an Arabic text of the Syrian recension of the medieval work as well as other sources. It included stories that are not found in the original Arabic manuscripts — the so-called "orphan tales" — such as the famous "Aladdin" and "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves", which first appeared in print in Galland's form. Immensely popular at the time of initial publication, and enormously influential later, subsequent volumes were introduced using Galland's name although the stories were written by unknown persons at the behest of a publisher wanting to capitalize on their popularity.
Translations of One Thousand and One Nights
The first English translation appeared in 1706 and was made from Galland's version; being anonymous, it is known as the Grub Street edition. It exists in two known copies kept in the Bodleian Library and in the Princeton University Library. Since then several English reissues appeared simultaneously in 1708. As early as the end of the 18th century the English translation based on Galland was brought to Halifax, Montreal, Philadelphia, New York and Sydney. Galland-based English translations were superseded by that made by Edward William Lane in 1839–41. In the 1880s an unexpurgated and complete English translation, "The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night", was made by Richard Francis Burton.
One Thousand and One Nights
The history of the "Nights" is extremely complex and modern scholars have made many attempts to untangle the story of how the collection as it currently exists came about. Robert Irwin summarises their findings:
List of One Thousand and One Nights characters
She marries King Shahryar, who has vowed that he will execute a new bride every day. For 1001 nights, Scheherazade tells her husband a story every night, stopping at dawn with a cliffhanger, forcing the King to keep her alive for another day.
François Pétis de la Croix
He also wrote "The Thousand and One Days" (), a collection of fairy tales based on the model of "One Thousand and One Nights". It was published in five volumes between 1710 and 1712. He supposedly translated it from a Persian compilation titled "Hazar u yek ruz" (, "A Thousand and One Days") which he acquired from one 'Dervish Mocles' or 'Moklas' in Isfahan in 1675. It is unclear how much of this is true, and how much of the collection was actually invented by Pétis de la Croix himself. In any event, stories from the collection inspired other works including Carlo Gozzi's "Il re cervo" ("The King Stag") and "Turandot".
One Thousand and One Nights
Dramatic visualization is "the representing of an object or character with an abundance of descriptive detail, or the mimetic rendering of gestures and dialogue in such a way as to make a given scene 'visual' or imaginatively present to an audience". This technique is used in several tales of the "One Thousand and One Nights". An example of this is the tale of "The Three Apples" (see Crime fiction elements below).
Tausend und eine Nacht
Introduction.
A Thousand Nights (novel)
A Thousand Nights is a 2015 novel written by E. K. Johnston. It is a retelling of "One Thousand and One Nights". Johnston drew on C.S. Lewis's descriptions of the expanse, the precision and the desolation of the desert in "The Horse and His Boy" when she wrote the book.
List of stories within One Thousand and One Nights
This volume continues material from the Wortley Montague CodexStories from a manuscript in the possesion of the Syrian scholar Dom Chavis.
One Thousand and One Nights
Another variation of the self-fulfilling prophecy can be seen in "The Tale of Attaf", where Harun al-Rashid consults his library (the House of Wisdom), reads a random book, "falls to laughing and weeping and dismisses the faithful "vizier" Ja'far ibn Yahya from sight. Ja'afar, "disturbed and upset flees Baghdad and plunges into a series of adventures in Damascus, involving Attaf and the woman whom Attaf eventually marries." After returning to Baghdad, Ja'afar reads the same book that caused Harun to laugh and weep, and discovers that it describes his own adventures with Attaf. In other words, it was Harun's reading of the book that provoked the adventures described in the book to take place. This is an early example of reverse causation. Near the end of the tale, Attaf is given a death sentence for a crime he didn't commit but Harun, knowing the truth from what he has read in the book, prevents this and has Attaf released from prison. In the 12th century, this tale was translated into Latin by Petrus Alphonsi and included in his "Disciplina Clericalis", alongside the "Sindibad" story cycle. In the 14th century, a version of "The Tale of Attaf" also appears in the "Gesta Romanorum" and Giovanni Boccaccio's "The Decameron".
List of stories within One Thousand and One Nights
The material in the first two of the six supplemental volumes are the Arabic tales originally included in the John Payne translation. They are mostly taken from the Breslau edition and the Calcutta fragment.
In the remainder of this volume W. A. Clouston presents "variants and analogues" of the supplemental nights.
Scheherazade (disambiguation)
Scheherazade was the storyteller of "One Thousand and One Nights".
Translations of One Thousand and One Nights
The first Russian translation of "One Thousand and One Nights" was made by Alexey Filatyev in 1763–1774. It was based on Galland's translation and consisted of 12 volumes. Later Russian translations were also based on European translations. For instance, a three-volume translation by Yulia Doppelmayr (1889–1890) was based on Galland, the six-volume translation by Lyudmila Shelgunova (1894) was based on that by Edward William Lane and an anonymous translation (1902–1903) was based on Mardrus.
One Hundred and One Nights (book)
The origin of the work is a mystery. Although some suggest the possibility that the stories have their origin in Persia or India, they come from Maghreb (Northwestern Africa), which in turn, according to other authors, were originated in al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia). The book emerged in the West in 1911, when the French Arabist Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes published his French translation of four maghrebi manuscripts. In 2010, the orientalist Claudia Ott discovered the oldest known manuscript, dated from 1234 or 1235, which includes only the first 85 nights. A translation of that manuscript into German was published in 2012.
In Arabian Nights
Shah listens to anyone who has a tale to tell. He encounters professional storytellers, a junk merchant who sells his wares for nothing, but insists on a high payment for the tale attached to each item and a door to door salesman who can obtain anything, including, when Shah requests the first "Benares" edition of "A Thousand and One Nights" by Richard Burton, a translation that the author's father Idries Shah had once given away. As he makes his way through the labyrinthine medinas of Fez and Marrakech, traverses the Sahara sands, and tastes the hospitality of ordinary Moroccans, he collects a treasury of stories, gleaned from the heritage of "A Thousand and One Nights". The tales, recounted by a vivid cast of characters, reveal fragments of wisdom and an oriental way of thinking.
One Night (TV series)
One Night is a British 2012 drama series broadcast on BBC One, about four people linked by an event in their local area. Classical singer Errollyn Wallen provides the opening and closing theme to each episode with her song "Daedalus".
The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night
The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night (1885), subtitled A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights Entertainments, is an English language translation of "One Thousand and One Nights" (the “Arabian Nights”) – a collection of Middle Eastern and South Asian stories and folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age (8th−13th centuries) – by the British explorer and Arabist Richard Francis Burton (1821–1890). It stood as the only complete translation of the Macnaghten or Calcutta II edition (Egyptian recension) of the "Arabian Nights" until the Malcolm C. and Ursula Lyons translation in 2008.
One Thousand and One Nights
Later versions of the "Nights" include that of the French doctor J. C. Mardrus, issued from 1898 to 1904. It was translated into English by Powys Mathers, and issued in 1923. Like Payne's and Burton's texts, it is based on the Egyptian recension and retains the erotic material, indeed expanding on it, but it has been criticized for inaccuracy.
Theme (narrative)
"Thematic patterning" means the insertion of a recurring motif in a narrative. For example, various scenes in John Steinbeck's "Of Mice and Men" are about loneliness. Thematic patterning is evident in "One Thousand and One Nights", an example being the story of "The City of Brass". According to David Pinault, the overarching theme of that tale, in which a group of travelers roam the desert in search of ancient brass artifacts, is that "riches and pomp tempt one away from God". The narrative is interrupted several times by stories within the story. These include a tale recorded in an inscription found in the palace of Kush ibh Shaddad; a story told by a prisoner about Solomon; and an episode involving Queen Tadmur's corpse. According to Pinault, "each of these minor narratives introduces a character who confesses that he once proudly enjoyed worldly prosperity: subsequently, we learn, the given character has been brought low by God ... These minor tales ultimately reinforce the theme of the major narrative".
One Thousand and One Nights
It is possible that the influence of the "Panchatantra" is via a Sanskrit adaptation called the "Tantropakhyana". Only fragments of the original Sanskrit form of this work exist, but translations or adaptations exist in Tamil, Lao, Thai and Old Javanese. The frame story is particularly interesting, as it follows the broad outline of a concubine telling stories in order to maintain the interest and favour of a king—although the basis of the collection of stories is from the "Panchatantra"—with its original Indian setting.
One Thousand and One Nights
Several different variants of the "Cinderella" story, which has its origins in the Egyptian story of Rhodopis, appear in the "One Thousand and One Nights", including "The Second Shaykh's Story", "The Eldest Lady's Tale" and "Abdallah ibn Fadil and His Brothers", all dealing with the theme of a younger sibling harassed by two jealous elders. In some of these, the siblings are female, while in others they are male. One of the tales, "Judar and His Brethren", departs from the happy endings of previous variants and reworks the plot to give it a tragic ending instead, with the younger brother being poisoned by his elder brothers.
One Thousand and One Nights
The general story is narrated by an unknown narrator, and in this narration the stories are told by Scheherazade. In most of Scheherazade's narrations there are also stories narrated, and even in some of these, there are some other stories. This is particularly the case for the "Sinbad the Sailor" story narrated by Scheherazade in the "One Thousand and One Nights". Within the "Sinbad the Sailor" story itself, the protagonist Sinbad the Sailor narrates the stories of his seven voyages to Sinbad the Porter. The device is also used to great effect in stories such as "The Three Apples" and "The Seven Viziers". In yet another tale Scheherazade narrates, "The Fisherman and the Jinni", the "Tale of the Wazir and the Sage Duban" is narrated within it, and within that there are three more tales narrated.
Solomon
A well-known story in the collection "One Thousand and One Nights" describes a genie who had displeased King Solomon and was punished by being locked in a bottle and thrown into the sea. Since the bottle was sealed with Solomon's seal, the genie was helpless to free himself, until freed many centuries later by a fisherman who discovered the bottle. In other stories from the "One Thousand and One Nights", protagonists who had to leave their homeland and travel to the unknown places of the world saw signs which proved that Solomon had already been there. Sometimes, protagonists discovered words of Solomon that were intended to help those who were lost and had unluckily reached those forbidden and deserted places.
List of works influenced by One Thousand and One Nights
"Sherazade, the untold stories", is a CGI cartoon TV series for children started in 2017.
Arabian Nights (comics)
Jeon JinSeok (story) & Han Seughee (art). One Thousand and One Nights. Vol 1. 2004. Trans HyeYoung Im & J. Torres. Seoul: Ice-Kunion, 2005.
One Thousand and One Nights
There is little evidence that the "Nights" was particularly treasured in the Arab world. It is rarely mentioned in lists of popular literature and few pre-18th-century manuscripts of the collection exist. Fiction had a low cultural status among Medieval Arabs compared with poetry, and the tales were dismissed as "khurafa" (improbable fantasies fit only for entertaining women and children). According to Robert Irwin, "Even today, with the exception of certain writers and academics, the "Nights" is regarded with disdain in the Arabic world. Its stories are regularly denounced as vulgar, improbable, childish and, above all, badly written." Nevertheless, the "Nights" have proved an inspiration to some modern Egyptian writers, such as Tawfiq al-Hakim (author of the Symbolist play "Shahrazad", 1934), Taha Hussein ("Scheherazade's Dreams", 1943) and Naguib Mahfouz ("Arabian Nights and Days", 1981).
List of works influenced by One Thousand and One Nights
This work has been influential in the West since it was translated in the 18th century, first by Antoine Galland. Many imitations were written, especially in France. Various characters from this epic have themselves become cultural icons in Western culture, such as Aladdin, Sinbad and Ali Baba. Part of its popularity may have sprung from the increasing historical and geographical knowledge, so that places of which little was known and so marvels were plausible had to be set further "long ago" or farther "far away"; this is a process that continues, and finally culminate in the fantasy world having little connection, if any, to actual times and places. Several elements from Arabian mythology and Persian mythology are now common in modern fantasy, such as genies, magic carpets, magic lamps, etc. When L. Frank Baum proposed writing a modern fairy tale that banished stereotypical elements, he included the genie as well as the dwarf and the fairy as stereotypes to go.The "Nights" also had an influence on modern Japanese literature. George Fyler Townsend's revised edition of the "Arabian Nights" was the first "European" literary work to be translated into the Japanese language during the Meiji era, by Nagamine Hideki in 1875. The Japanese translation was entitled "Arabiya Monogatari" ("Arabian Stories" or literally "Stormy Night Stories"), as part of the monogatari genre. Though the book was intriguing to Japanese readers who then had very little knowledge of Arabic culture or the Middle East in general, the "Nights" did not gain popularity in Japan until a more Japanified translation, entitled "Zensekai Ichidai Kisho" ("The Most Curious Book in the Whole World"), was produced by Inoue Tsutomu in 1888. His translation exerted a great influence on the literature of the Meiji, Taishō and Shōwa periods, with writers and poets such as Hinatsu Kōnosuke, Hakushū Kitahara and Mokutaro Kinoshita citing the work as an influence on their own works. In the early 20th century, other translations from the Lane and Burton editions were also published, including ones from the Lane edition by Kōnosuke and Morita Sōhei, as well a translation of the Andrew Lang edition by Daisui Sugitani, and translations of individual tales by Iwaya Sazanami. In "Norwegian Wood" by Haruki Murakami, Toru refers to Reiko as a regular Scheherazade when she leaves a story about her past unfinished. Murakami also published a short story entitled, "Scheherazade", in "The New Yorker" in October 2014.
Translations of One Thousand and One Nights
In 1926–1932 a lavishly decorated 12-volume edition of J. C. Mardrus' translation, titled "Le livre des mille nuits et une nuit", appeared. Soviet and Russian scholar Isaak Filshtinsky, however, considered Mardrus' translation inferior to others due to presence of chunks of text, which Mardrus conceived himself to satisfy the tastes of his time. According to Robert Irwin, "Mardrus took elements which were there in the original Arabic and worked them up, exaggerating and inventing, reshaping the "Nights" in such a manner that the stories appear at times to have been written by Oscar Wilde or Stéphane Mallarmé". In response to criticism of his translation by academic Arabists, Mardrus promised to produce a tome of learned commentary and justificatory pieces which he, however, failed to do.
1001 Nights (TV series)
1001 Nights is a Canadian animated television series developed and produced at Big Bad Boo Studios in Vancouver, based on stories from "One Thousand and One Nights". The show is created and co-directed by Shabnam Rezaei and Aly Jetha.
Borrowing from the original premise of the classical tales of "One Thousand and One Nights", the TV series features Scheherazade, the storyteller, in a Persian court with her sister Donyazad, King Shahryar, Prince Shahzaman and a playful monkey named Maymoon. The show premiered on Teletoon in Canada on December 25, 2011 and on Radio Canada in French-speaking Canada. In the United States, the show premiered on Disney Channel on January 2, 2012. This is the first time a media company has serialized the books of "One Thousand and One Nights" into an animated TV series for children. This show also aired in Turkey on Cartoon Network (Turkey)
List of works influenced by One Thousand and One Nights
In 2018, Audible commissioned the retelling of the Scheherazade and Ali Baba stories in an eight-part radio drama penned by Marty Ross and performed by Wireless Theatre Company.
Adventures of Sinbad the Sailor
Pohádky tisíce a jedné noci (literally Tales of 1,001 Nights) is a 1974 Czech animated film directed by Karel Zeman. The film combines the voyages of Sindbad the Sailor with elements of other tales from the Arabian Nights. Released in America as Adventures of Sinbad the Sailor, it is also known as A Thousand and One Nights. The film was animated using paper cutouts and draws its visual inspiration from Persian miniatures.
One Thousand and One Nights (manhwa)
One Thousand and One Nights (천일야화 "Cheon-il-ya-hwa") is a Korean manhwa written by Jeon JinSeok (전진석 "Jeon Jin-seog") and illustrated by Han SeungHee (한승희 "Han Seung-hui"). It is a different take on the events of the original "One Thousand and One Nights" story, where the main character dresses up like a woman to take his sister's place in the sultan's harem. There are eleven volumes, all of which have been published in English.
Early history of fantasy
The most well known fiction from the Islamic world was "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights)", which was a compilation of many ancient and medieval folk tales. The epic took form in the tenth century and reached its final form by the fourteenth century; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another. All Arabian fairy tales were often called "Arabian Nights" when translated into English, regardless of whether they appeared in "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights", in any version, and a number of tales are known in Europe as "Arabian Nights" despite existing in no Arabic manuscript.
One Thousand and One Nights
Two main Arabic manuscript traditions of the Nights are known: the Syrian and the Egyptian. The Syrian tradition includes the oldest manuscripts; these versions are also much shorter and include fewer tales. It is represented in print by the so-called "Calcutta I" (1814–1818) and most notably by the "Leiden edition" (1984), which is based above all on the "Galland manuscript". It is believed to be the purest expression of the style of the mediaeval "Arabian Nights".
Ali Baba
The tale was added to the story collection "One Thousand and One Nights" by one of its European translators, Antoine Galland, who called his volumes "Les Mille et Une Nuits" (1704–1717). Galland was an 18th-century French Orientalist who heard it in oral form from a Maronite story-teller, called Hanna Diyab, who came from Aleppo in modern-day Syria and told the story in Paris. In any case, the earliest known text of the story is Galland's French version. Richard F. Burton included it in the supplemental volumes (rather than the main collection of stories) of his translation (published as "The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night") and thought its origins were Greek Cypriot.
Islamic literature
The best known fiction from the Islamic world is "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights" ("Arabian Nights"), a compilation of many earlier folk tales set in a frame story of being told serially by the Persian Queen Scheherazade. The compilation took form in the 10th century and reached its final form by the 14th century; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another. All Arabian fantasy tales were often called "Arabian Nights" when translated into English, regardless of whether they appeared in any version of "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights", and a number of tales are known in Europe as "Arabian Nights" despite existing in no Arabic manuscript.
Arabian Nights (miniseries)
The series consists of five stories from "One Thousand and One Nights", which are framed within a sixth, maintaining the traditional style of "stories within stories" that is synonymous with the "Nights". The series cast includes Alan Bates, Rufus Sewell, Andy Serkis, James Frain, John Leguizamo (in a dual role), Jason Scott Lee, Vanessa-Mae, Alexei Sayle, Jim Carter, James Callis, and Oded Fehr.
The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade
"The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade" is a short-story by American author Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849). It was published in the February 1845 issue of "Godey's Lady's Book" and was intended as a partly humorous sequel to the celebrated collection of Middle Eastern tales "One Thousand and One Nights".
One Thousand and One Nights (disambiguation)
One Thousand and One Nights, or "Arabian Nights", is a collection of Middle Eastern and South Asian stories and folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age.
List of works influenced by One Thousand and One Nights
The Middle Eastern story collection One Thousand and One Nights has had a deep influence on culture around the world.
History of literature
The most well known fiction from the Islamic world was "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights" ("Arabian Nights"), which was a compilation of many earlier folk tales told by the Persian Queen Scheherazade. The epic took form in the 10th century and reached its final form by the 14th century; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another. All Arabian fantasy tales were often called "Arabian Nights" when translated into English, regardless of whether they appeared in "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights", in any version, and a number of tales are known in Europe as "Arabian Nights" despite existing in no Arabic manuscript.
One Thousand and One Nights
In 2008 a new English translation was published by Penguin Classics in three volumes. It is translated by Malcolm C. Lyons and Ursula Lyons with introduction and annotations by Robert Irwin. This is the first complete translation of the Macnaghten or Calcutta II edition (Egyptian recension) since Burton's. It contains, in addition to the standard text of 1001 Nights, the so-called "orphan stories" of "Aladdin" and "Ali Baba" as well as an alternative ending to "The seventh journey of Sindbad" from Antoine Galland's original French. As the translator himself notes in his preface to the three volumes, "[N]o attempt has been made to superimpose on the translation changes that would be needed to 'rectify' ... accretions, ... repetitions, non sequiturs and confusions that mark the present text," and the work is a "representation of what is primarily oral literature, appealing to the ear rather than the eye". The Lyons translation includes all the poetry (in plain prose paraphrase) but does not attempt to reproduce in English the internal rhyming of some prose sections of the original Arabic. Moreover, it streamlines somewhat and has cuts. In this sense it is not, as claimed, a complete translation.
Summary of Decameron tales
Fiammetta tells this story, which originates from "The Thousand and One Arabian Nights".
One Thousand and One Nights
The tales vary widely: they include historical tales, love stories, tragedies, comedies, poems, burlesques, and various forms of erotica. Numerous stories depict jinns, ghouls, apes, sorcerers, magicians, and legendary places, which are often intermingled with real people and geography, not always rationally. Common protagonists include the historical Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, his Grand Vizier, Jafar al-Barmaki, and the famous poet Abu Nuwas, despite the fact that these figures lived some 200 years after the fall of the Sassanid Empire, in which the frame tale of Scheherazade is set. Sometimes a character in Scheherazade's tale will begin telling other characters a story of his own, and that story may have another one told within it, resulting in a richly layered narrative texture.
The different versions have different individually detailed endings (in some Scheherazade asks for a pardon, in some the king sees their children and decides not to execute his wife, in some other things happen that make the king distracted) but they all end with the king giving his wife a pardon and sparing her life.
One Thousand and One Nights
Modern authors influenced by the "Nights" include James Joyce, Marcel Proust, Jorge Luis Borges and John Barth.
One Thousand and One Nights
The "Nights" continued to be a favourite book of many British authors of the Romantic and Victorian eras. According to A. S. Byatt, "In British Romantic poetry the Arabian Nights stood for the wonderful against the mundane, the imaginative against the prosaically and reductively rational." In their autobiographical writings, both Coleridge and de Quincey refer to nightmares the book had caused them when young. Wordsworth and Tennyson also wrote about their childhood reading of the tales in their poetry. Charles Dickens was another enthusiast and the atmosphere of the "Nights" pervades the opening of his last novel "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" (1870).
Arabian Nights (comics)
Arabian Nights is the 8th issue of Classics Illustrated, created by Albert Kanter. It is an abridged version of One Thousand and One Nights in comic book form. This version of the tales consists of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, The Story of the Magic Horse, The Adventures of Sinbad the Sailor, and Aladdin and His Magic Lamp, which are all a part of the traditional One Thousand and One Nights. The comic adaptations were meant to bring classic literature and mythology to a younger audience, and create an interest in young readers. Although abridged, the comic adaptation of the tales remains faithful to the original tales, although the origins are not clear-cut.
1001 (number)
In many cases, including the title "Thousand and One Nights", 1001 is meant to indicate a "big number", and need not be taken literally. A book published in 2007 titled "40 Days & 1001 Nights" describes a journey through the Islamic world.
Meguey Baker
She is the author of "A Thousand and One Nights", a role-playing game based on the collection of Arabic stories, "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights". She was born in 1971 in upstate New York, where she started playing roleplaying games in 1978, and she currently resides in Greenfield Massachusetts. She is the mother of three children, and her husband, Vincent Baker, is also a roleplaying game designer. Baker is working on Miss Schiffer's School for Young Ladies of Quality, an RPG set in the 1890s at a finishing school for ladies of a certain type.
One Thousand and One Nights
Several stories within the "One Thousand and One Nights" feature early science fiction elements. One example is "The Adventures of Bulukiya", where the protagonist Bulukiya's quest for the herb of immortality leads him to explore the seas, journey to Paradise and to Hell, and travel across the cosmos to different worlds much larger than his own world, anticipating elements of galactic science fiction; along the way, he encounters societies of djinn, mermaids, talking serpents, talking trees, and other forms of life. In "Abu al-Husn and His Slave-Girl Tawaddud", the heroine Tawaddud gives an impromptu lecture on the mansions of the Moon, and the benevolent and sinister aspects of the planets.
Translations of One Thousand and One Nights
Galland based his translation on a three- or four-volume manuscript from the 14th or 15th century. Three volumes of that manuscript were placed in the National Library of France. Galland's translation altered the style, tone and content of the Arabic text. Designed to appeal, it omitted sophisticated or dark elements while enhancing exotic and magical elements and became the basis of most children's versions of "One Thousand and One Nights".
One Thousand and One Nights
Another "Nights" tale with crime fiction elements was "The Hunchback's Tale" story cycle which, unlike "The Three Apples", was more of a suspenseful comedy and courtroom drama rather than a murder mystery or detective fiction. The story is set in a fictional China and begins with a hunchback, the emperor's favourite comedian, being invited to dinner by a tailor couple. The hunchback accidentally chokes on his food from laughing too hard and the couple, fearful that the emperor will be furious, take his body to a Jewish doctor's clinic and leave him there. This leads to the next tale in the cycle, the "Tale of the Jewish Doctor", where the doctor accidentally trips over the hunchback's body, falls down the stairs with him, and finds him dead, leading him to believe that the fall had killed him. The doctor then dumps his body down a chimney, and this leads to yet another tale in the cycle, which continues with twelve tales in total, leading to all the people involved in this incident finding themselves in a courtroom, all making different claims over how the hunchback had died. Crime fiction elements are also present near the end of "The Tale of Attaf" (see Foreshadowing above).
Arabic epic literature
The "One Thousand and One Nights" ("Arabian Nights") is easily the best known of all Arabic literature and which still shapes many of the ideas non-Arabs have about Arabic culture.
Arabic epic literature
The "Thousand and One Nights" is usually placed in the genre of Arabic epic literature along with several other works. They are usually, like the "Tales", collections of short stories or episodes strung together into a long tale. The extant versions were mostly written down relatively late on, after the 14th century, although many were undoubtedly collected earlier and many of the original stories are probably pre-Islamic. Types of stories in these collections include animal fables, proverbs, stories of "jihad" or propagation of the faith, humorous tales, moral tales, tales about the wily con-man Ali Zaybaq and tales about the prankster Juha.
One Thousand and One Nights
Thematic patterning is "the distribution of recurrent thematic concepts and moralistic motifs among the various incidents and frames of a story. In a skillfully crafted tale, thematic patterning may be arranged so as to emphasize the unifying argument or salient idea which disparate events and disparate frames have in common". This technique is also used in the "One Thousand and One Nights".
A Thousand Times Good Night
A Thousand Times Good Night is an Irish-Norwegian produced English language 2013 drama film directed by Erik Poppe and starring Juliette Binoche, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Maria Doyle Kennedy, Larry Mullen Jr. and Mads Ousdal.
One Thousand and One Nights
Early examples of the foreshadowing technique of repetitive designation, now known as "Chekhov's gun", occur in the "One Thousand and One Nights", which contains "repeated references to some character or object which appears insignificant when first mentioned but which reappears later to intrude suddenly in the narrative". A notable example is in the tale of "The Three Apples" (see Crime fiction elements below).
Translations of One Thousand and One Nights
In the years 1947-1971 Arabist Yosef-Yoel Rivlin produced a 32-volume Hebrew translation, based mainly on Bulaq. A selection of stories, translated by Hanna Amit-Kohavi, appeared in two volumes, in the years 2008 and 2011, under the title "Leylot Arav".
Arabic poetry
Many of the tales in the "One Thousand and One Nights" are also love stories or involve romantic love as a central theme, including the frame story of Scheherazade, and many of the stories she narrates, such as "Aladdin", "Ali Baba", "The Ebony Horse" and "The Three Apples".
Aladdin (play)
The play is based upon the story of Aladdin in One Thousand and One Nights.
1001 Nights of Snowfall
This tale is set in the 19th century, in the early days of Fabletown, when Snow White was sent as an envoy to the lands of the Arabian Fables. But the Arabian Fables are actually offended that a woman would be sent to negotiate. When she catches the eye of the sultan, Snow finds herself filling the unenviable role of Scheherazade, the teller of the original "One Thousand and One Arabian Nights" tales.
Snow has to amuse the Sultan with tales of wonder and imagination every night - for a thousand and one nights - to keep her head off the chopping block. We see the stories as Snow tells them in a framing sequence similar to the original. Running the gamut from horror to dark intrigue to mercurial coming-of-age, it reveals the secret histories of familiar characters through a series of compelling and visually illustrative tales.
The Three Apples
The Three Apples () or The Tale of the Murdered Woman ( ), is a story contained in the "One Thousand and One Nights" collection (also known as the "Arabian Nights").
It is a first-level story, being told by Scheherazade herself, and contains one second-level story, the Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and his Son. It occurs early in the Arabian Nights narrative, being started during night 19, after the Tale of Portress. The Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and his Son starts during night 20, and the cycle ends during night 25, when Scheherazade starts the Tale of the Hunchback.