When was GMT Games first established?
GMT Games
GMT Games is a California-based wargaming publisher founded in 1990. The current management and creative team includes Tony Curtis, Rodger MacGowan, Mark Simonitch, and Andy Lewis. The company has become well known for graphically attractive games that range from "monster games", of many maps and counters, to quite simple games suitable for introducing new players to wargaming. They also produce card games and family games. "The Washington Post" called GMT "the modern hobby's highest-profile wargame publisher".
GMT Games
GMT's name comes from the first name initials of founders Gene Billingsley, Mike Crane, and Terry Shrum. However, Crane and Shrum soon split acrimoniously with GMT, and founded their own company, the Fresno Gaming Association.
Computer and Video Games
"Computer and Video Games" was established in 1981, being the first British games magazine. Initially published monthly between November 1981 and October 2004 and solely web-based from 2004 onwards, the magazine was one of the first publications to capitalise on the growing home computing market, although it also covered arcade games. At the time of launch it was the world's first dedicated video games magazine. The first issue featured articles on "Space Invaders", Chess, Othello and advice on how to learn programming.
CCP Games
CCP Games was founded in June 1997 by Reynir Harðarson, Þórólfur Beck Kristjónsson and Ívar Kristjánsson for the purpose of making MMORPGs. To finance the initial development of "Eve Online", CCP Games developed and published a board game, called "Hættuspil" (""Danger Game""). The game sold more than 10,000 copies to Iceland's 80,000 households. In April 2000 the company, with Sigurður Arnljótsson as CEO, raised $2.6 million, through a closed offering organised by Kaupthing Bank, from private investors in Iceland, including the Icelandic telephone company Síminn. He was with the company from 1999 to 2002 during which time the company raised two rounds of financing and secured a contract with publisher Simon & Schuster. Approximately half of the initial 21 staff were drawn from the Icelandic dot-com company OZ Interactive.
Rodman Wanamaker
In 1908 Rodman Wanamaker initiated the Millrose Games. They are now held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. (Millrose was Wanamaker's country estate near Jenkintown, Pennsylvania) He also inaugurated the Wanamaker Mile, and reportedly began the tradition of playing The Star Spangled Banner at a sporting event. The games were moved from Madison Square Garden to the New Balance Track and Field Center at The Armory . In May 2011 the President of the Millrose Games announced that, starting in January 2012, that notable event would move from Madison Square Garden, its home since 1914, to the Fort Washington Avenue Armory, with a new all-day Saturday schedule replacing the previous Friday evening formathttp://www.nyrrmillrosegames.org/locations/
Electronic Games
Electronic Games was the first dedicated video game magazine published in the United States and ran from October 15, 1981 to 1997 under different titles. It was co-founded by Bill Kunkel, Joyce Worley, and Arnie Katz, and is not to be confused with "Electronic Gaming Monthly".
Multiplay
Multiplay (UK) Ltd is a UK-based family company which was incorporated in May 1997 by Craig Fletcher. They have been running gaming events for over a decade. They have achieved mass exposure as the producers of the Insomnia Gaming Festival, the UK's largest video games festival, and as the Events Producer behind Minecon - the "Minecraft" convention held in Disneyland Paris. Multiplay is also known as a worldwide Games Service Provider. Their servers host players from 195 different countries and hold a PCU (Peak Concurrent Users) of over 25,000. The company is owned by Game Digital plc.
GMT (disambiguation)
GMT, or Greenwich Mean Time is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London.
Automata UK
Automata was established by Mel Croucher on November 19, 1977, as the first video games company in the UK. In 1979 he was joined by Christian Penfold. The two had previously worked together in radio, producing a show for Independent Radio Authority, which led them to publishing travel guides and produce multimedia entertainments.
History of the board game Monopoly
Parker Brothers was acquired by General Mills in February 1968. The first "Monopoly" edition in Braille is published in 1973. Also in 1973, as the Atlantic City Commissioner of Public Works considered name changes for Baltic and Mediterranean Avenues, fans of the board game, with support from the president of Parker Brothers, successfully lobbied for the city to keep the names. After Parker Brothers was taken over by General Mills, the Monopoly license to Waddingtons was renegotiated (as was the Clue/Cluedo license to Parker Brothers/General Mills by Waddingtons). By 1974, Parker Brothers had sold 80 million sets of the game. In 1975, another anniversary edition was produced, but this edition came in a cardboard box looking much like a standard edition. Parker Brothers was under management by General Mills as the first six Monopoly Tournaments were held. See "The "Monopoly" Tournaments" below.
Block wargame
GMT also released a block wargame series called "Commands and Colors: Ancients" which met with wide approval. Note that this series of games does not fall under the tradition definition of "block wargame" as the units have identifying marks on both sides of the blocks, eliminating the fog of war aspect of most Block Wargames. Simmons Games has published the innovative "Bonaparte at Marengo", which was nominated for a 2005 award for Best Historical Simulation by "Games Magazine"; the game features unique long blocks, reminiscent of the symbols used on battle maps.
Gremlin Industries
Gremlin was founded in 1971 as a contract engineering firm by Harry Frank Fogleman and Carl E Grindle. In 1973 they became a manufacturer of coin-operated wall games with their first game "Play Ball" (1973). Gremlin joined the video game market in 1976 by releasing its first video arcade game entitled "Blockade" (1976).
GM GMT platform
GMT is the designation prefix used for all General Motors truck, sport utility vehicle, and crossover SUV automobile platform applications. This includes both traditional body-on-frame trucks and newer unibody models.
Gary Winnick (game developer)
Gary Winnick founded Horizon Zero Graphiques with Frank Cirocco in 1974. There, he was the editor, artist, and writer for the comic magazine "Venture", which ran until 1976. Horizon Zero Graphiques also published the comic magazine "Mindworks" by Brent Anderson, which included art by Gary. He began his video game career at LucasArts as the only artist and animator at the then-newly formed Lucasfilm Games Division in 1984. He worked as an artist and animator on the early games by Lucasfilm Games, before he became co-designer of the 1987 adventure game, "Maniac Mansion". He continued working on art and animation at LucasArts, and became the art department supervisor on in 1989. In 1992, he was the designer, artist, and animator on Defenders of Dynatron City and co-wrote the comic based on the game, with Steve Purcell. Before leaving LucasArts in 1993, he contributed dialog and story to the sequel to "Maniac Mansion", Day of the Tentacle. After leaving LucasArts, he joined Spectrum Holobyte as an art director. In 1995, he co-founded the video game company, Orbital Studios, where he served as executive producer. In 1996, he returned as a partner at Horizon Zero Graphiques, which was rebranded Lightsource Studios.
Twin Galaxies
On July 25, 1983, Twin Galaxies established the professional U.S. National Video Game Team, the first such, with Walter Day as team captain. The USNVGT toured the United States during the summer of 1983 in a 44-foot GMC bus filled with arcade games, appearing at arcades around the nation and conducting the 1983 Video Game Masters Tournament, the results of which were published in the 1984 U.S. edition of "Guinness World Records". Under the direction of Day, functioning as an assistant editor for the "Guinness Book" in charge of video-game scores, the USNVGT gathered annual contest results that were published in the 1984—1986 U.S. editions. In September 1983, the USNVGT visited the Italian and Japanese Embassies in Washington D.C. to issue challenges for an international video game championship. In 1987, the USNVGT toured Europe where it defeated a team of UK video game superstars. Every month between 1991 and 1994, the U.S. publication "Electronic Gaming Monthly" ("EGM"), published a full-page high-score table titled "The U.S. National Video Game Team's International Scoreboard".
Vigil Games
Vigil Games was founded in 2005 by Joe Madureira, David Adams, Marvin Donald and Ryan Stefanelli. Vigil Games became a part of the THQ family in 2006, and was located in Austin, Texas. Vigil Games was housed in Four Points Centre where THQ leased 33,000 square feet.
Wargamer (website)
The Wargamer was founded in 1995 by Mario R. Kroll, originally with the purpose of being a website to facilitate matchmaking play-by-email opponents for computer wargames. Its initial support included the "Panzer General", "Steel Panthers" and the "Close Combat" series, although it quickly expanded to cover titles like Norm Koger's "Age of Rifles", TalonSoft's "Battleground" series, and a number of HPS Simulations games. Eventually, Wargamer.com evolved to provide editorial coverage, game reviews, news reporting and served as a custom scenario repository for nearly all war or strategy video games that supported custom scenario creation.
Guerrilla Games
In mid-2003, due to a variety of mergers and corporate reshuffling, the gaming unit was sold off to Media Republic, a media venture by original Lost Boys' founder Michiel Mol, and in July of that year was renamed to Guerrilla Games. The developer began work on its first two titles, "Killzone", in development for Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2, and "", in development for Eidos Interactive, for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows.
Commodore International
The Commodore Semiconductor Group (formerly MOS Technology, Inc.) was bought by its former management and in 1995, resumed operations under the name GMT Microelectronics, utilizing a troubled facility in Norristown, Pennsylvania that Commodore had closed in 1992. By 1999 it had $21 million in revenues and 183 employees. However, in 2001 the United States Environmental Protection Agency shut the plant down. GMT ceased operations and was liquidated.
History of Sega
In 1940, American businessmen Martin Bromley, Irving Bromberg, and James Humpert formed Standard Games in Honolulu, Hawaii, to provide coin-operated amusement machines to military bases. They saw that the onset of World War II, and the consequent increase in the number of military personnel, would mean there would be demand for something for those stationed at military bases to do in their leisure time. After the war, the founders sold that company and established a new distributor called Service Games, named for the military focus. In 1951, the government of the United States outlawed slot machines in US territories, so Bromley sent two of his employees, Richard Stewart and Ray LeMaire, to Tokyo, Japan, in 1952 to establish a new distributor. The company provided coin-operated slot machines to U.S. bases in Japan and changed its name to Service Games of Japan by 1953. The name Sega, an abbreviation of Service Games, was first used in 1954 on the Diamond Star Machine, a slot machine. During 1954, Humpert sold his interest in Service Games back to Bromley and Bromberg at a price of US$50,000 each. Stewart and LeMaire later purchased shares from Bromley and Bromberg, resulting in an equal split among the four men for ownership of the company.
Little Green Men Games
Little Green Men Games studio has been established in late 2006 in Zagreb, Croatia. 
The following year marked the start of the production of the first independent game – Starpoint Gemini. This tactical space RPG simulator was released in December 2010, and was created by four enthusiasts with almost no budget.
In the second half of 2011, development of Starpoint Gemini 2 was initiated. The game was designed on the heavily upgraded Whale 2 engine that had been modified to use DirectX 11 functions and streaming universe. The engine itself is completely designed and executed as a result of in-house effort.
Starpoint Gemini 2 was released on Steam Early Access in September 2013, and one year later, in September 2014 went to full release, digital and retail alike. 
Starpoint Gemini Warlords was released on Steam Early Access in April 2016 and in 11 months, in May 2017 went to full release.
World e-Sports Games
The World eSports Games, Inc. was founded in 2004 by Paul Chong. Headquartered in Seoul, the first three games were held in South Korea in 2005. A year later, the event moved to Hangzhou where it was renamed the World e-Sports Games Masters. In 2007, WEG again returned to Seoul to host the World e-Sports Games e-Stars, but moved back to China for the 2008 season of what is now the World e-Sports Masters. Since then, it has been held annually (except for 2011), instead of year-round. OnGameNet is the current rightsholder to the World e-Sports Masters franchise.
Bozeman Watch Company
There are two Smokejumper style watches, the Smokejumper GMT or Chronograph. the GMT Worldtime is the National Smokejumpers official timepiece. The inspiration for the GMT came from airborne fire fighters" Those who risk it all to preserve life, save property and protect our national forests." . It comes with two different available dial colors: silver and black or enamel and super luminescent. The GMT has automatic Swiss specialty-line mechanical movement, a 21-jewel movement with 28,800 vibrations per hour (VPH). It has a 42-hour power reserve and a second time zone function. It is COSC certified, is water resistant to 330 ft and is domed with sapphire crystals. The back is engraved with the Missoula, MT smokejumper base logo endorsement. The GMT will initially be limited to one hundred individual numbered pieces. 
The original Smokejumper Chronograph, as stated in the April 2008 issue of Insync; "[I]s BWC's only chronograph and at 46.5mm, It's largest. It is also limited to 100 individually numbered editions, which are newrly all spoken for. Wardle says once the Smokejumper is sold out they will produce a different model,[GMT]which should please owners of this distinctive piece".
Melville Marks Robinson
Melville Marks (Bobby) Robinson (April 8, 1888 - June 6, 1974) founded the British Empire Games, now known as the Commonwealth Games.
Guild of Blades
The Guild of Blades Publishing Group produced their first RPG Game in 1997 called Dark Realms, which continues to be popular today. The company has since expanded to revolutionary computer games like 1483 Online as well as many Role Playing Games, Board Games and The Guild of Blades "Empires of History" series of historical board games. The company's founder is Ryan O. Johnson.
Genuine Games
Genuine Games was founded in early 1998 by David Broadhurst, Steven Hodges, and Russ Gubler. Development of the company's proprietary cross-platform game engine technology began in the spring of 2002. The company was a key contributor to the development of Knockout Kings from EA Sports and Ratchet & Clank from Insomniac Games.
Royal Observatory, Greenwich
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was until 1954 based on celestial observations made at Greenwich, and later on observations made at other observatories. GMT was formally renamed as Universal Time in 1935, but is still commonly referred to as GMT. It is now calculated from observations of extra-galactic radio sources.
Wargames Research Group
WRG was founded by Phil Barker, Bob O'Brien, and Ed Smith in 1969, when they published "War Game Rules: 1000 B.C. to 500 A.D.".
Scott Bizar
Scott Bizar, dissatisfied with TSR's "Dungeons & Dragons" (1974) and "Warriors of Mars" (1974), founded his own company, Fantasy Games Unlimited (FGU). The company's first two products were Hugh McGowan's "Gladiators" (1975), a man-to-man miniatures combat system, and "Royal Armies of the Hyborean Age" (1975), a first-of-its kind wargame set in the world of Conan, was co-designed by Bizar's roommate, Lin Carter. At Gen Con IX in 1976, Edward E. Simbalist and Wilf K. Backhaus met Bizar, who was interested in their role-playing game "Chevalier" they had brought with them but decided not to sell to TSR; Bizar and helped guide the game to print over the next year as "Chivalry & Sorcery", the first RPG from FGU. In the late 1970s, Bizar was looking for a new science-fiction roleplaying game to act as one of FGU's flagships, and contacted Simbalist and Phil McGregor to produce the game, which was published in 1980 as "Space Opera". During the process, Bizar never met Simbalist or McGregor, or A. Mark Ratner, and the project was completed over more than two years entirely by correspondence. In the early 1980s, Bizar started picking up product lines from defunct publishers, which brought "Bushido" and "Aftermath!" to FGU in 1981. FGU purchased the rights to "Swordbearer" (1982), and also bought Heritage's old stock, something that Bizar felt was a necessary part of such a deal; FGU published their own edition in 1985. In 1987, Bizar was considering new locations for FGU that could offer him reduced warehousing costs, and decided on Arizona, the home of friend Rick Loomis and his gaming company, Flying Buffalo. Bizar rented office space and warehouse in Tempe, but since FGU was having difficulties Bizar took jobs as first a car salesman and then a school teacher. Bizar was intent on staying in the hobbyist industry, and founded a game shop in Gilbert, Arizona called Waterloo, using stock from his parents, who were running their own Waterloo game stores in New York; the FGU offices and warehouse were soon moved to this new location. After founding a second store in Phoenix, Arizona, Bizar was hit by massive fraud at the Gilbert store, when an employee took out credit cards in Bizar's name, opened fake bank accounts, and fraudulently offered up Bizar's stores as collateral; Bizar lost money due to the fraud and was also forced to fight lawsuits over the next years originating from it, and eventually had to close down the Phoenix store in 1996. Bizar had been getting some older FGU books back into print, while preparing new books for publication, but the fraud put an end to all that.
André LaMothe
He founded Xtreme Games LLC in 1994, which represented hundreds of small independent or amateur game companies "indies" and at the time was the "world's largest virtual game company." In its heyday, Xtreme Games licensed hundreds of Casual games to companies such as Expert Software, Activision, and eGames. LaMothe was the founder of the Xtreme Games Developer Conference (XGDC) a grass roots game developer conference which ran from 1999 to 2002 and was licensed to Course PTR in 2002 and renamed the XGDX and ran until 2005.
Atomic Games
Atomic Games, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Austin, Texas, specializing in wargames. The company was founded by Keith Zabalaoui in 1989, and is best known for developing the "Close Combat" series of real-time strategy video games, as well as the title "V for Victory". In December 2000, due the cancellation of a project titled "Hammer's Slammers", Atomic Games laid off its entire staff, only keeping three executives. Atomic Games was acquired by Destineer on May 6, 2005, while collaborating on "Close Combat: Red Phoenix" and "". Atomic Games was developing a third-person shooter, "Six Days in Fallujah", in cooperation with Konami, until the latter decided to withdraw from the project in August 2009, causing significant layoffs at Atomic Games. The company went on to finish the game, but never released it. Atomic Games released the game called "Breach", which is a multiplayer-only downloadable first-person shooter.
GMT (TV programme)
GMT is a news programme airing weekdays on BBC World News, which premiered on 1 February 2010. The programme's main presenters are Lucy Hockings and Stephen Sackur, who are rotated depending on the edition (, original presenter George Alagiah is currently on leave from his anchor duties on "GMT"), with Tim Willcox serving as a primary relief presenter.
Twin Galaxies
The U.S. National Video Game Team was founded on July 25, 1983 in Ottumwa, Iowa by Walter Day and the Twin Galaxies Intergalactic Scoreboard.Twin Galaxies organized the first Video Game Film Festival on June 2, 2001, at the Funspot Family Fun Center in Weirs Beach, New Hampshire as a vehicle to document the cultural impact that video games have exerted on today's society. A second festival is planned but no date has been set.
GamesTM
GamesTM (styled as games) was a UK-based, multi-format video games magazine, covering console, handheld, PC and Arcade games. The first issue was released in December 2002 and the magazine is still being published monthly in English and German, although it has been announced that the last edition will be out on 1 November 2018.
GMTV
The first edition of GMTV was broadcast on 1 January 1993, presented by Eamonn Holmes and Anne Davies. Its main weekday presenters at launch were Fiona Armstrong and Michael Wilson (Monday - Thursday), broadcast from Studio 5 at The London Studios on the South Bank.
The Great Battles of Alexander
"The Great Battles of Alexander" began development at Erudite Software in 1994, as an adaptation of the titular board wargame designed by Mark Herman and Richard Berg, first published by GMT Games in 1991. The physical "Great Battles" series was known as a commercial success in a period of falling sales for board games. "Alexander"s computer adaptation was first announced in late 1994, under the direction of Mark Herman, and was created with assistance from GMT. Erudite, a business software developer founded in 1990, initially hoped to self-publish the game. However, the company had partnered with publisher Strategic Simulations (SSI) by the time of "Alexander"s announcement. At that point, the game was set to include play-by-email (PBEM) support, and Herman explained his plan to apply artificial intelligence (AI) routines he had created originally for the United States Department of Defense. A summer 1995 release was planned.
Time zone
The first adoption of a standard time was on December 1, 1847, in Great Britain by railway companies using GMT kept by portable chronometers. The first of these companies to adopt standard time was the Great Western Railway (GWR) in November 1840. This quickly became known as Railway Time. About , time signals were first transmitted by telegraph from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. Even though 98% of Great Britain's public clocks were using GMT by 1855, it was not made Britain's legal time until . Some British clocks from this period have two minute hands—one for the local time, one for GMT.
The Great Battles (series)
The Great Battles is a computer wargame series based on the "Great Battles of History" board game series by GMT Games. The three titles in the series—"The Great Battles of Alexander", "The Great Battles of Hannibal" and "The Great Battles of Caesar"—were developed by Erudite Software and published by Interactive Magic.Erudite Software developed all three "Great Battles" titles with the same game engine.
Fantasy Games Unlimited
Founded in the summer of 1975 in Jericho, New York by Scott B. Bizar, the company's first publications were the wargames "Gladiators" and "Royal Armies of the Hyborean Age". Upon the sudden appearance and massive popularity of "Dungeons & Dragons" from TSR, the company turned its attentions to role-playing games, seeking out and producing systems created by amateurs and freelancers. Rather than focusing on any one line and supporting it with subsequent supplements, FGU produced a continuous stream of new games. Because of the disparate authors, the rules systems were mutually incompatible. FGU Incorporated published dozens of different role-playing games.
Ian Livingstone
Livingstone co-founded Games Workshop in early 1975 with flatmates John Peake and Steve Jackson. They started publishing a monthly newsletter, "Owl and Weasel", and sent copies of the first issue to subscribers of the recently defunct fanzine "Albion"; Brian Blume received one of these copies, and sent them a copy of the new game "Dungeons & Dragons" in return. Livingstone and Jackson felt that this game was more imaginative than anything being produced in the UK at the time, and so worked out an arrangement with Blume for an exclusive deal to sell "D&D" in Europe. They began distributing "Dungeons & Dragons" and other TSR products later in 1975. In late 1975, Livingstone and Jackson organised their first convention, the first Games Day. Because they were selling products out of their flat, people would come looking for a store that did not exist; because of this they were evicted in the summer of 1976.
Grandia Online
"Grandia Online" was first announced by Game Arts in late 2004 as a collaborative effort between their company and GungHo Online Entertainment under the codename "Project: GO". The game was first revealed during a GungHo Games panel at the 2005 Tokyo Game Show in Tokyo, Japan, where the company announced that they would be working with Game Arts to bring their "Grandia" role-playing game series to the PC as a "real adventure-themed MMORPG." Development for the game began shortly after completion of Game Arts' previous endeavor, "Grandia III", released earlier that year in Japan, and was overseen by GungHo president Morishita Yoshikazu and Game Arts producer Yoshitada Iwata. Inspiration for the game came from Gravity Corporation's "Ragnarok Online", as well as to fill the need for "Japan's increased demand for online games." The following October, one month after the game's announcement, GungHo announced plans to become a majority shareholder for the Game Arts corporation, turning the company into a subsidiary and making "Grandia Online" an in-house production. An open beta test period was originally planned for the first quarter of 2006, with the game's final release following later that year, which was pushed back to the following September, and then an undetermined date due to development issues.
U.S. Games
U.S. Games Corporation was a video game company founded by Donald Yu, which originally produced handheld electronic sports games. It pivoted to focus exclusively on video game software in 1981, and was acquired by cereal company Quaker Oats in 1982 to develop games for the Atari 2600. U.S. Games released their first game, "Space Jockey" for the Atari 2600, in January 1982, followed by 13 more cartridges in 1982 and 1983. "Space Jockey" and other early titles used the Vidtec brand name.
RPGA
Frank Mentzer, one of the first full-time employees of TSR, Inc., the original publishers of the Dungeons and Dragons game, conceived of the Role Playing Game Association (RPGA) in order to promote quality roleplaying and to allow fans of roleplaying games to meet and play games with each other. Mentzer founded RPGA in November 1980 primarily to run tournaments at gaming conventions using TSR's top sellers: "AD&D", "Gamma World" and "Top Secret".
MGM Resorts International
The company began operations in 1987 as MGM Grand, Inc. and became MGM Mirage in 2000, after acquiring Mirage Resorts. In the mid-2000s, growth of its non-gaming (lodging, food, retail) revenue began to outpace gaming receipts and demand for high-rise condominiums was surging, with median property prices in Las Vegas twice the national average. The company shifted its focus from owning and operating resorts and casinos, to developing and building real estate in the leisure and gaming industry—launching the massive CityCenter mixed-use project, which was at the time of its construction the world's largest construction site and ranks as one of the most expensive real estate projects in history. City Center's development coincided with the global financial crisis, causing writedowns in its valuation.
In June 2010, the company changed to its present name to reflect its latest strategy of expanding worldwide, including licensing its brand and expertise to develop non-gaming hotels and residences.
Gibsons Games
Gibsons Games is an independent, family owned British board game and jigsaw puzzle manufacturer, and the oldest of its kind in the United Kingdom.
In 1903, Harry Gibson managed to obtain an unsecured loan of £500 from the Royal Bank of Scotland in Bishopsgate, London. This generous sum enabled him to start a business, which at that time was called The International Card Co. Trading from offices in Aldersgate Street, he supplied retailers with a range of products including card games and postcards; an unlikely combination these days, but back then, most towns would have a number of stationers in the High Street and they became Harry Percy’s first customers.
The International Card business was sold to the De La Rue Company and H. P. Gibson & Sons Limited was formed in 1919. The International Series brand continued to be used on some products right up to the early 1980s, but H P Gibson & Sons Ltd made its name with the ‘HPG’ brand of indoor games, with old favourites such as L’Attaque and Dover Patrol; huge sellers before and after the Second World War. Sadly the company’s premises, along with all its manufacturing equipment were destroyed during the blitz in 1940 and when the war ended, it was almost a case of starting from scratch.
Robert and Harry Gibson (jnr.), sons of the founder, re-established trading from Barrett Street in London’s West End. The company continued to sell its own family games and pastimes, alongside ranges from other established names, including Waddingtons and Chad Valley.
1966 Harry Percy’s grandson, Michael Gibson joined the family business. He remembers his father paying him £11.00 a week out of which he had to pay his mother living expenses. In the late 70s H P Gibson & Sons shortened its name to ‘Gibsons’, and shortly after, in the early 80s, Gibsons introduced their first jigsaw puzzles.
Rolex GMT Master II
The Rolex GMT-Master wristwatch was originally designed in collaboration with Pan American Airways and issued by the airline to their crews on long-haul flights. ("GMT" in the name stands for Greenwich Mean Time also known as Coordinated Universal Time). The original GMT Master watch has a 24-hour display fourth hand complication directly linked to and displaying the same time zone as the standard 12-hour hand. This GMT hand enabled the crews to set the watch to GMT or another time zone, and, using the rotatable 24-hour scale bezel, set to the correct offset, a second time zone could be read. GMT or UTC is the time zone that is required for all aviation planning, weather forecasts, schedules and other paperwork.
Grinding Gear Games
Grinding Gear Games ( GGG) is a New Zealand video game developer company founded in 2006 and based in Auckland. A former independent developer, the studio was acquired by Chinese tech company Tencent in May 2018, after the Chinese company had published the studio's sole title, "Path of Exile", in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan). The open-beta build of "Path of Exile" was released worldwide in January 2013 and the 1.0 version of the game was released in October 2013.
Federation of Gay Games
The Federation of Gay Games (FGG) is the sanctioning body of the Gay Games which was founded in 1982 by Tom Waddell, after he dealt first-hand with the prejudice towards gay athletes and their inability to openly participate in sporting events. The Federation of Gay Games hosts the world's biggest cultural and sporting event for the LGBT community every four years. The Federation of Gay Games is founded on the principles of "participation, inclusion, and personal best" and continues to support the LGBT community not only through the Gay Games but through scholarships for underprivileged members. The Federation of Gay Games continues to expand throughout the world and accepts members of any sexual orientation and nationality to participate in the games or contribute. The FGG is proudly hosting the next Gay Games in 2018 in Paris, France.
GMT (TV programme)
Each programme begins with the presenter providing an in-depth lead story, giving the time in that part of the world; the program also features other reports of moderate length focusing on political, social, health and human rights issues, business and sport news, as well as a brief summary of other news headlines from around the world (however, the programme does not emphasize 'headlines' from BBC World News). Its title apparently refers to Greenwich Mean Time, as the programme commences at 12 noon G.M.T. in London.
Megagame
An organisation called Chestnut Lodge Wargame Group, based in South London, ran games similar to modern megagames throughout the late 1970s, but the first game ran that was called a megagame was "Memphis Mangler" in April 1982. The game, written by Griffith, was a Vietnam wargame with about 30 players. Megagames were popularised in gaming communities by a video of the first run of the "Watch The Skies" megagame in May 2014.
Mind Sports Organisation
The World Mind Sports Games (WMSG) was created by the International Mind Sports Association (IMSA) as a "stepping stone on the path of introducing a third kind of Olympic Games (after the Summer and the Winter Olympics)". with the aim to be held alongside the Summer Olympic Games every 4 years. The first WMSG was held in Beijing 2008 to coincide with Olympic host city, the 2012 WMSG was held in Lille, France.
European Masters Games
The European Masters Games (EMG) is a multi-sport event, consisting of summer sports, that is held every four years. The European Masters Games are owned by the International Masters Games Association (IMGA), who also own the World Masters Games. The age categories vary depending on the sport but the competition is generally for people 30–35 years or older. The first games were held in 2008 in Malmö, Sweden. The European Masters Games are held once every four year, while the last games were held in 2015 in Nice, France, the next games will be celebrated in Turin, Italy, in 2019. The International Masters Games Association (IMGA), which is based in Lausanne, Switzerland, is the body responsible for the bidding and placing of the games.
Intelligent Games
Intelligent Games Ltd (often abbreviated IG Ltd or just IG) was a British video game developer based in London, England. The company was founded by Matthew Stibbe in 1988 as The Intelligent Games Co. In 1992, the company was renamed to simply Intelligent Games. Stibbe left the company in July 2000, and the company shut its doors near the end of 2002.
Mark Simonitch
Simonitch was raised in Ross, California. He studied at California Polytechnic State University. He began wargaming in 1966, his first gaming experiences included "Jutland" and "Gettysburg" by Avalon Hill. From 1991 to 1994 he was a freelance artist and created maps and counters for over 100 wargames with clients including "Strategy & Tactics", "Command Magazine", GMT Games, 3W, and Avalanche Games. During this period he also started Rhino Game Company (or Rhino Studios) and published three games. He moved to Baltimore, Maryland in spring 1995 where he was employed by Avalon Hill until 1997. He has worked at GMT Games from 1997 to the present as a Graphic Designer.
GMT Records
The first band signings were The Future Kings of Spain and The Veils.
As the distribution of these bands albums were handled under Aozora's contract with Toshiba-EMI, they were transferred to the new deal with Avex Marketing Communications taken out in 2005.
Frictional Games
Prior to the foundation of Frictional Games, Thomas Grip and Jens Nilsson had been working as freelance artist and musician, respectively, and had never worked professionally in the video game industry, where both had only minor backgrounds in programming. In 1999, Grip started developing freeware games under the name GripDesign, creating "Fiend" (2001) and "Energetic" (2005). For the development of "Energetic" and an unreleased title named "Unbirth", Grip worked together with Nilsson as the games' sound designer, and in 2006, the two agreed to join forces, officially founding Frictional Games on 1 January 2007. The team set out to create a new survival horror project, starting by developing their own game engine that would eventually become the first iteration of the HPL Engine. Built upon this engine they made "Penumbra", a tech demo to display the engine's capabilities, which later evolved into their first game, "", which they released in partnership with Paradox Interactive on 30 March 2007, and was followed its sequel, "", as well as its expansion, "", in 2008. The series was heavily inspired by the "Silent Hill" series, however, aimed to achieve an equal or higher level of fright, without employing puzzle or action techniques, that the series' games prominently used, and rather focusing solely on the horror aspect. The series in total was a financial success, but not the result Frictional Games had hoped to produce, with the game incorporating a lot of issues, Frictional Games holds the publisher, Paradox Interactive, responsible for.
Greenwich Mean Time
Historically, GMT has been used with two different conventions for numbering hours. The long-standing astronomical convention dating from the work of Ptolemy, was to refer to noon as zero hours (see Julian day). This contrasted with the civil convention of referring to midnight as zero hours dating from the Roman Empire. The latter convention was adopted on and after 1 January 1925 for astronomical purposes, resulting in a discontinuity of 12 hours, or half a day. The instant that was designated "December 31.5 GMT" in 1924 almanacs became "January 1.0 GMT" in 1925 almanacs. The term Greenwich Mean Astronomical Time (GMAT) was introduced to unambiguously refer to the previous noon-based astronomical convention for GMT. The more specific terms UT and UTC do not share this ambiguity, always referring to midnight as zero hours.
Origins Game Fair
Avalon Hill produced the first commercial war games back in 1958. In a nod to Baltimore's position as the home of Avalon Hill and the birthplace of the commercial wargame hobby, Don Greenwood, a game designer with Avalon Hill and founder of the convention, suggested calling the show "Origins".
Over the next few years, both Avalon Hill and SPI (another wargame company) ran the show. As the show continued expanding, the Game Manufacturers Association assumed management in 1978.
GMT (TV programme)
"GMT" airs three times a day (10:00-10:30 GMT, 11:00-11:30 GMT and 12:00-13:00 GMT) each Monday through Friday on BBC World News. The programme acts as a morning programme for North America and South America, a daytime/afternoon programme for Europe, Middle East and Africa, an evening programme for Asia, and a late night/early morning programme for Australia and Oceania. The programme features analysis and discussion of the top news stories of the day and also previews the exclusive reports, correspondent feature films and interviews planned on BBC World News programme "BBC World News America" at 00:00 GMT later that day. In the United States, the first half-hour of the 12:00 GMT segment of the program is also syndicated to PBS member stations and select non-commercial educational independent stations through a distribution agreement between BBC World News and Los Angeles public independent KCET.
Games Workshop
Games Workshop Group PLC (often abbreviated as GW) is a British miniature wargaming manufacturing company based in Nottingham, England. Games Workshop is best known as developer and publisher of the tabletop wargames "Warhammer Age of Sigmar" (previously "Warhammer Fantasy Battle"), "Warhammer 40,000," "The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game and The Hobbit Strategy Battle Game" (now sold as "The Middle Earth Strategy Battle Game"). It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Time standard
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was originally mean time deduced from meridian observations made at the Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO). The principal meridian of that observatory was chosen in 1884 by the International Meridian Conference to be the Prime Meridian. GMT either by that name or as 'mean time at Greenwich' used to be an international time standard, but is no longer so; it was initially renamed in 1928 as Universal Time (UT) (partly as a result of ambiguities arising from the changed practice of starting the astronomical day at midnight instead of at noon, adopted as from 1 January 1925). The more current refined version of UT, UT1, is still in reality mean time at Greenwich. Greenwich Mean Time is still the legal time in the UK (in winter, and as adjusted by one hour for summer time). But Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) (an atomic-based time scale which is always kept within 0.9 second of UT1) is in common actual use in the UK, and the name GMT is often inaccurately used to refer to it. (See articles Greenwich Mean Time, Universal Time, Coordinated Universal Time and the sources they cite.)
Mel Croucher
Mel Croucher is a British entrepreneur and video games pioneer. Originally an architect, he moved into computers and in 1977 launched one of the very earliest games companies, Automata UK, as an extension of his travel guide publishing business. He is now credited for setting up "the first games company in the U.K.", celebrated as "the father of the British videogames industry" and presented as "a pioneer in affective computing". His first broadcasts of computer game software were made over AM and FM radio. After the release of the Sinclair ZX81, his label published several games for the early home computer market, including three Computer Trade Association award-winners: "Pimania" (1982), "Groucho" (1983, a.k.a. "My Name Is Uncle Groucho, You Win A Fat Cigar"), and the groundbreaking "multi-media" title "Deus Ex Machina" (1984).
Sega
In 1940, American businessmen Martin Bromley, Irving Bromberg, and James Humpert formed Standard Games in Honolulu, Hawaii, to provide coin-operated amusement machines to military bases. They saw that the increase in military personnel with the onset of World War II would create demand for entertainment at military bases. After the war, the founders sold Standard Games and established a new distributor, Service Games, named for the military focus. In 1951, the United States government outlawed slot machines in US territories, so in 1952 Bromley sent two employees, Richard Stewart and Ray LeMaire, to Tokyo to establish a new distributor. The company provided coin-operated slot machines to U.S. bases in Japan, and by 1953 had changed its name to Service Games of Japan. The name Sega, an abbreviation of Service Games, was first used in 1954 on the Diamond Star Machine, a slot machine.
Grenade Gloves
In 2005, Grenade held its first Grenade Games at June Mountain, California. The Games, which consist of contest in super pipe, monster air, moguls, and dual slalom, draw from the amateur and professional ranks. The Grenade Games 1, 2, and 4 were held at June Mt. in 2005, 2006, and 2008 subsequently. In 2007 Grenade Games 3 was moved to Summit Snoqualmie, Washington. In 2009 and 2010 Grenade joined forces with Monster Energy to take Grenade Games 5 and 6 to Whistler Blackcomb in Whistler, British Columbia.
38 Studios
During a family holiday gathering in December 2005, Schilling approached his wife's uncle, Bill Thomas, a retired business executive, with the idea to start a video game company focused on building a new MMORPG, a type of game that Schilling frequently played and enjoyed. Later the next year he announced his plans to six of his gaming friends while chatting online, asking them, "I'm seriously contemplating starting a gaming company. Who else is in?" Schilling recruited these friends, his uncle Thomas, and author R. A. Salvatore and author/artist Todd McFarlane to join his venture, and formally announced the formation of Green Monster Games (GMG) in a press release in September 2006.
Pinnacle Entertainment (United Kingdom)
Formed in 1996, Gauntlet Entertainment was a distributor of video games. Formed by Peter Rezon to create a focused distribution model for video games, similar to what Pinnacle Software had been doing with other UK software companies. The distribution model they pioneered became the de facto model used by most major software publishers in the UK .Gauntlet Entertainment succeeded in doing so with ground breaking deals with Sierra, NovaLogic, THQ International, CDV Software and many other International Publishing houses. It has been associated with many of the top brands in the market place, including WWE Smackdown!, Cossacks, Rugrats, Warcraft, Half Life, Scooby Doo, Tetris and many more.
Gallien-Krueger
Robert Gallien started his company, then named GMT, from his garage in San Jose, California, while working as an engineer for Hewlett-Packard. His first amps were the GMT 226A and 226B (named after their power output) and were unconventional in their design because they were built around transistors instead of tubes. Carlos Santana was one of the first to buy a GMT 226A (serial #6) and it can be clearly seen in the Woodstock movie.
IGN
Created in September 1996 as the Imagine Games Network, the IGN content network was founded by publishing executive Jonathan Simpson-Bint and began as five individual websites within Imagine Media: N64.com (later renamed ign64.com), PSXPower, Saturnworld, Next-Generation.com and Ultra Game Players Online. Imagine expanded on its owned-and-operated websites by creating an affiliate network that included a number of independent fansites such as PSX Nation.com, Sega-Saturn.com, Game Sages, and GameFAQs. In 1998, the network launched a new homepage that consolidated the individual sites as system "channels" under the IGN brand. The homepage exposed content from more than 30 different channels. Next-Generation and Ultra Game Players Online were not part of this consolidation; U.G.P.O. dissolved with the cancellation of the magazine, and Next-Generation was put "on hold" when Imagine decided to concentrate on launching the short-lived Daily Radar brand.
International Meridian Conference
By the 1870s there was pressure both to establish a prime meridian for worldwide navigation purposes and to unify local times for railway timetables. The first International Geographical Congress, held in Antwerp in 1871, passed a motion in favour of the use of the Greenwich Meridian for (smaller scale) passage charts, suggesting that it should become mandatory within 15 years.
In Britain, the Great Western Railway had standardised time by 1840 and in 1847 the "Railway Clearing Union" decreed that "GMT be adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it". The Post Office was by this time transmitting time signals from Greenwich by telegraph to most parts of the country to set the clocks. By January 1848, Bradshaw's railway guide showed the unified times and met with general approval, although legal disputes meant that it was not until 1890 that GMT was formally established across the UK.
MMO Games Magazine
MMO Games Magazine (formerly "Massive Magazine") was a short-lived computer magazine that focused on the massively multiplayer online gaming market. It was published by the media conglomerate theGlobe.com as a sister publication to "Computer Games" magazine. The magazine's website was launched in June 2006, and the first issue hit newsstands that September. In January 2007 the magazine began to be published quarterly. Despite the build-up, only three issues went to press. In March 2007, theGlobe.com was forced to cease operation of its print media, including "MMO Games", as a result of an unfavorable ruling in a spam lawsuit.
MUD
Games such as "Meridian 59", "EverQuest", "Ultima Online" and "Dark Age of Camelot" were routinely called graphical MUDs in their earlier years. "RuneScape" was actually originally intended to be a "text-based" MUD, but graphics were added very early in development. However, with the increase in computing power and Internet connectivity during the late nineties, and the shift of online gaming to the mass market, the term "graphical MUD" fell out of favor, being replaced by MMORPG, Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game, a term coined by Richard Garriott in 1997.
Guerrilla Cambridge
Guerrilla Cambridge (formerly Millennium Interactive Ltd. and later SCEE Cambridge) was a British video game developer based in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1989 by Michael Hayward, Tony Beckwith and Ian Saunter, the company was primarily known for developing the "MediEvil" series on the original PlayStation and the PlayStation Portable.
Mousesports
Mousesports was formed in 2002 in Berlin, Germany, as a "Counter-Strike" team. The team began to compete in small tournaments, which gradually lead to their progression in larger ones, as well. By 2006, when G7 Teams was created, Mousesports was one of the greatest gaming organizations in Europe, consisting of "Counter-Strike", "Warcraft III", "Quake 4", Battlefield 1942 and "Unreal Tournament" divisions.
Gargoyle Games
Gargoyle Games was a British software company founded in 1983 by Roy Carter and Greg Follis in order to publish their first game, "Ad Astra". They generally specialized in games for the ZX Spectrum even though the company was originally named with the intention of publishing games for Dragon computers. They also released games on their own label Faster Than Light, as well as on the Elite label.
International Golf Federation
Golf was first an Olympic sport at the 1904 Games in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, when the United States and Canada were the only two competing countries. The globalisation of the sport has meant that following a couple of failed attempts the sport was included in the 2016 Olympic Games and will be included at the 2020 Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee's executive board passing the inclusion by 63 votes to 27. IGF executive director Antony Scanlon told Olympic news outlet Around the Rings that top players such as Tiger Woods and Annika Sörenstam would show their commitment to golf's Olympic involvement by their participation in the Olympic events.
GMT Records
GMT Records is an imprint or sub-label of Aozora Records. Created in 2004, it focuses on the Japanese representation and promotion of English and Irish indie groups.
Keith Poulter
Keith Poulter worked for four years at GCHQ (Britain's equivalent of the NSA), then taught for thirteen years—at every level from primary school to University (political science). In 1977 he founded the wargame company UKW, UK Wargamer, which was later known as World Wide Wargames (3W). After Poulter got out of the wargame business, "Strategy & Tactics" was sold to Decision Games in the early 1990s. In 1997 he launched "North & South" (US magazine) (1997-2016).
The Boardgamer
The Boardgamer was a magazine founded by Bruce Monnin after Avalon Hill was bought out by Hasbro and the future of their board games was in doubt. The magazine was published between 1996 and 2004. The intention was to continue support for Avalon Hill products in the same way "The General" had, as well as (according to Monnin in issue 46 of "Operations Magazine"), any games contested at the World Boardgaming Championships.
Massively multiplayer online role-playing game
MMORPG is a term coined by Richard Garriott to refer to massive multiplayer online role-playing games and their social communities. The link between Garriott and the MMORPG term has been recognised by many scholars. Previous to this and related coinages, these games were generally called graphical MUDs; the history of MMORPGs traces back directly through the MUD genre. Through this connection, MMORPGs can be seen to have roots in the earliest multi-user games such as "Mazewar" (1974) and "MUD1" (1978). 1985 saw the release of a roguelike (pseudo-graphical) MUD called "Island of Kesmai" on CompuServe and Lucasfilm's graphical MUD Habitat. The first fully graphical multi-user RPG was "Neverwinter Nights", which was delivered through America Online in 1991 and was personally championed by AOL President Steve Case. Other early proprietary graphical online RPGs include three on The Sierra Network: "The Shadow of Yserbius" in 1992, "The Fates of Twinion" in 1993, and "The Ruins of Cawdor" in 1995. Another milestone came in 1995 as NSFNET restrictions were lifted, opening the Internet up for game developers, which allowed for the first truly "massively"-scoped titles. Finally, MMORPGs as defined today began with "Meridian 59" in 1996, innovative both in its scope and in offering first-person 3D graphics, with "The Realm Online" appearing nearly simultaneously. "Ultima Online", released in 1997, is often credited with first popularizing the genre, though more mainstream attention was garnered by 1999's "EverQuest" and "Asheron's Call" in the West and 1996's "" in South Korea.
List of GMTV programmes
Newshour was launched in March 1993, and was GMTV's weekday news-oriented breakfast programme, broadcasting for an hour from the start of GMTV's weekday broadcast at 6:00 am. From 21 February 1994 it was contracted out to Reuters, and by April the viewing figures had increased from 200,000 to just over 1 million. The programme included national and international news stories, regional news, weather and newspaper reviews, plus various guests, and was designed to be more serious than the lighter and more tabloid "GMTV Today" programme which followed. From January 2009, the "Newshour" title was scrapped, and the programme was merged with "GMTV Today" to create one "GMTV" name again. The same presenters from "Newshour" continued to present the 6:00 am to 7:00 am slot until June 2010 (Penny Smith and John Stapleton)
SPQR (board game)
SPQR is a board wargame designed by Richard Berg and Mark Herman, and released in 1992 by GMT Games, as part of the "Great Battles of History" ("GBoH") series of games on ancient warfare. "SPQR" deals with battles fought by the Roman Republic, and is designed to showcase the strengths and weaknesses of the Roman manipular legion.
MGM Resorts International
MGM made moves into the United Kingdom market after a 2001 government report called for loosening of the country's gambling regulations. It opened an online casino, playmgmmirage.com, licensed in the Isle of Man, a British dependency, and it applied for a license to run an online sports betting site in the U.K. It acquired a twenty-five percent stake in a company developing the small Triangle Casino in Bristol, which went on to open its doors in February 2004. It inked deals to build casinos at the Olympia Exhibition Centre in London, St James' Park in Newcastle, Meadowhall Shopping Centre in Sheffield, the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham, Sportcity in Manchester, Glasgow Harbour, King's Waterfront in Liverpool, and at a proposed stadium in Salford. The company also signed a $490-million deal to acquire Wembley plc, owner of seven greyhound tracks in Britain and four in the United States.
Games Domain
Games Domain was a video game website founded by Dave Stanworth and based in Birmingham, UK. In the late 1990s, it was at one time mirrored in seven countries and had a tumultuous history of being purchased by different corporations over its 11-year existence. It was active from March 1994 until March 2005. By 2002, the Domain was considered one of the leading gaming sites, with approximately 1.4 million users and 15 million page views per month. It also had two sister sites - Kids Domain, focusing on children's titles, and Console Domain, focusing on console games. The site's primary URLs were www.gamesdomain.co.uk (UK) and www.gamesdomain.com (US).
Games Day
Games Day is a yearly run gaming convention sponsored by Games Workshop. It was started in 1975, after another games convention scheduled for August that year cancelled. Games Workshop decided to fill the resulting gap by running a gaming day of their own. As a result, after some delays, the first Games Day was held at Seymour Hall, London on 20 December 1975. The convention was important because there were few outlets for gamers to meet each other and play, and Games Workshop used this in their efforts to build the gaming scene in the U.K.
GarageGames
GarageGames was founded in Eugene, Oregon in 2000 by Jeff Tunnell, Tim Gift, Rick Overman, and Mark Frohnmayer. Working in their garage on severance checks, the founders derived the name GarageGames as a play off the term "garage band", and is meant to evoke a similar attitude in game development. The stated goal of the original founders of GarageGames was to offer licensing of game engines to virtually anyone, allowing independent game-makers more options in developing and publishing video games. In 2001, GarageGames released the Torque game engine. It was used to create the "Tribes" game series and was released at an initial price point to allow independent game developers access. Later the company expanded its product lines with additional tools, and more advanced engines and introduced tiered licensing. In 2005, the company introduced Enterprise licenses for large companies and educational institutions available for annual fees ranging from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars per year. In 2006, its developer community surpassed 100,000 users. Over its history, the company launched several of its own games, including "Marble Blast Ultra" for Microsoft Windows and Xbox Live Arcade.
Phil Barker
The first edition of the WRG's War Games Rules 1000 BC to 500 AD was published in 1969 and immediately made a great impact. Charles Grant later wrote The event was something of a milestone in wargaming history, not only that concerning the ancient period but in fact any other that could be named. The reason for this was that, for the first time, a book of rules based on firm research and considerable playing experience had been made generally available. The WRG Ancients rules ran to seven editions and were, in the 1970s and early 80's, by far the most popular rules in this period. In 1990, he, along with Richard Bodley-Scott, authored De Bellis Antiquitatis (DBA), a completely new set of rules for the Ancient period, which led to a follow on series of rules using similar mechanisms known collectively as DBx. While not enjoying as dominant a position as his earlier rules, these remain popular worldwide. Probably one of the more important developments from DBx is the use of standardized base frontages for mounting figures. When Barker's ancient rules standardized the frontages for 25mm figures at 60mm and 40mm for 15mm or smaller figures, other rule sets for ancient and medieval wargaming also adopted them. This has allowed people throughout the world to use their figures for almost any rule set and to be able to play against opponents from other parts of the world without having to re-base their figures. This is something that is not the case for other historical periods, where often figures will have to be re-based when changing rule sets.
Generic Mapping Tools
Paul Wessel and Walter H. F. Smith created GMT in 1988 at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, officially releasing it on October 7, 1991 under the GNU General Public License. The letters GMT originally stood for Gravity, Magnetism and Topography, the three basic types of geophysical data. Besides its strong support for the visualisation of geographic data sets, the software includes tools for processing and manipulating multi-dimensional datasets. Most GMT users are geoscientists.
Battle of Britain (video game)
Personal Software Services was founded in Coventry, England, by Gary Mays and Richard Cockayne in 1981. The company were known for creating games that revolved around historic war battles and conflicts, such as "Theatre Europe", "Bismark" and "Falklands '82". The company had a partnership with French video game developer ERE Informatique, and published localised versions of their products to the United Kingdom. In 1986, Cockayne took a decision to alter their products for release on 16-bit consoles, as he found that smaller 8-bit consoles such as the ZX Spectrum lacked the processing power for larger strategy games. The decision was falsely interpreted as "pull-out" from the Spectrum market by a video game journalist. Following years of successful sales throughout the mid 1980s, Personal Software Services experienced financial difficulties, in what Cockayne admitted in a retrospective interview that "he took his eye off the ball". The company was acquired by Mirrorsoft in February 1987, and was later dispossessed by the company due to strains of debt.
Guy McCoy Tormé
Guy McCoy Tormé (also known by its initials, GMT) is a British rock band, formed by Robin Guy and former Gillan members John McCoy and Bernie Tormé.
Golf Canada
Golf Canada also has a long history of sending teams to international competitions. The first overseas team was formed in 1935 to go to the United Kingdom, to play in the British Amateur Championship, and in a number of relatively informal team matches. In 1954 the first official RCGA team event took place with the introduction of the Americas Cup Matches. Played between 1954 and 1967, these matches were played between Mexico, the USA and Canada. The Canadians brought home the honours in 1965. Other International events Golf Canada has been much involved in are the World Amateur Team Matches for the Eisenhower Trophy, since 1958: winning in 1986, placing second in 1962, 1964, 1978, 2006, and 2014, and hosting these "Olympics" of golf in 1992; the Commonwealth Tournament matches, won by Canada in 1971 and 1975, discontinued in 1975; and the Simon Bolivar Biennial Tournament, won in 1981 by Doug Roxburgh and Gary Cowan representing Canada.
Games as a service
The idea of Games as a Service began around 2004 with the introduction of massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) like "World of Warcraft", where the game's subscription model approach assured continued revenues to the developer and publisher to create new content. Over time, new forms of offering continued GaaS revenues have come about. A significant impact on the use of GaaS was the expansion of mobile gaming which often include a social element, such as playing or competing with friends, and with players wanting to buy into GaaS to continue to play with friends. Chinese publisher Tencent was one of the first companies to jump onto this around 2007 and 2008, establishing several different ways to monetize their products as a service to Chinese players, and since has become the world's largest video game publisher in terms of revenue.
Game Developers Conference
UBM TechWeb has also produced several spinoff events. For example, the first GDC Europe (GDCE) was featured at the European Computer Trade Show (ECTS) in London between August 31 and September 1, 2001. Other GDC-related events include the Serious Games Summit, first held in 2004 as a GDC tutorial, and spun off as a standalone event in 2005, focusing on developing games for practical purposes, such as education, corporate training, military, and health care applications; and the Hollywood and Games Summit in conjunction with The Hollywood Reporter first held in June 2006. Additional events include the Game Advertising Summit, the Game Outsourcing Summit, the Game Career Seminar, GDC Russia, the China Game Summit, GDC London, the London Games Summit, the London Game Career Fair, and many others. In late 2006, UBM TechWeb acquired The Game Initiative, and now produces the Austin Game Developers Conference.
Stuart Robert
After leaving the army in 1999, Robert founded the IT services firm GMT Recruitment, with colleague Andrew Chantler. GMT Recruitment subsequently grew to be a nationwide company and was named a "Business Review Weekly" "Fast 100" award winner in 2006. The list, which recognised the fastest-growing 100 companies in Australia, again featured GMT Recruitment in both 2007 and 2008.
WB Games Boston
WB Games Boston (formerly Turbine Inc, Turbine Entertainment Software, Second Nature, and originally CyberSpace, Inc.) is an American computer game developer that develops 3D massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). Turbine was founded by Johnny Monsarrat, Jeremy Gaffney, Kevin Langevin, and Timothy Miller as CyberSpace, Inc., changing their company name in 1995 to Turbine, Inc. In April 2007, Turbine released their most recent MMORPG, "The Lord of the Rings Online".
Gamescience
Gamescience Corp. was started by Phillip E. Orbanes in 1965. In that year, the company published the wargame Vietnam which was reviewed in issue #4 of Strategy and Tactics (S&T) magazine. In 1967 the company published another wargame which Mr. Orbanes designed called Confrontation, which was reviewed in S&T issue #6. In 1968, the company published the wargame, The Battle of Britain designed by Lou Zocchi, which was reviewed in S&T #13. The company was sold before Mr. Orbanes left college.
History of games
The first non-military wargame rules were developed by Naval enthusiast and analyst Fred T. Jane in 1898. H. G. Wells published rules in his "Floor Games" (1911) and "Little Wars" (1913) designed for wargaming with toy soldiers. In 1956, Jack Scruby, known as the "Father of Modern Miniature Wargaming" organized the first miniatures convention and he was also a manufacturer of military miniatures and editor of a wargaming newsletter. Miniature war games became affordable and mainstream in the late 1950s with the rise of cheaper miniature production methods by miniature figure manufacturers such as Scruby Miniatures, Miniature Figurines and Hinchliffe. During the 1980s there was a boom in miniature wargaming with the development of games such as Warhammer Fantasy Battle and Warhammer 40,000. Today miniature wargaming includes most historical eras, fantasy and science fiction settings as well as Naval wargaming (Don't Give Up the Ship!, General Quarters), Air wargaming and Space combat wargames (Full Thrust, ).
SFB Games
On 2 September 2002, brothers Tom and Adam Vian, at the time aged 17 and 14, respectively, established a Newgrounds account under the name The Super Flash Bros., and uploaded their first Adobe Flash movie, "Metal Gear Mayhem", the same day. The duo went on hiatus when Tom started attending university. After reforming, they entered into a partnership with Armor Games, whereby Armor Games would fund all future Flash games created by the two brothers. In total, they developed 34 games for the Armor Games. On 16 May 2012, the studio incorporated as SFB Games Limited under the United Kingdom company law, the "SFB" being an abbreviation of the former name.
GMT (disambiguation)
GMT may also refer to:
Montreal International Games Summit
The Montreal International Games Summit (MIGS), also known as le Sommet International du jeu de Montréal (SIJM), is a conference on video games. The first edition was held in 2004 and usually takes place in November at le Palais des Congrès de Montréal. The summit was founded in order to meet the needs of the rough 9000 video game workers in Quebec. The mission of the summit is to expand the exposure of the video game community and industry in Quebec as well as develop the expertise of the Quebec video game industry. MIGS is currently the leading professional gaming summit of the East Coast, and is arguably the largest game development event in Canada. The overall aims of MIGS are to promote, train, network, and hire potential players in the gaming industry. Professionals attending the summit partake in lectures and presentations largely oriented around how to better specific aspects of the industry, such as art and VFX, business, and design. Currently, MIGS has partnered with many of the leading electronic and game development companies in Canada, including Ubisoft and Warner Bros. Games. The Montreal International Gaming Summit is networked similarly to the Electronic Entertainment Expo, using the same application in order to facilitate interaction between industry players and their associates. It was only in 2008, during the fifth summit, did MIGS become an event that was open to the public. 2013 marked the tenth annual Montreal International Gaming Summit.
GMT Games
After the downsizing of the game distribution network in the mid-late 1990s, the company decided they needed a new way to fund the production of new games. This prompted them to introduce the "Project 500" system, which allows customers to vote via pre-order for the games they most want to see produced. Production of a new game does not start until there are a minimum number pre-orders for a particular game (originally about 500, but now more realistically about 750). Pre-orders are offered at a discount to encourage people to commit to a game with the understanding that sufficient numbers of orders are needed before the game is produced. This commitment does not involve a financial payment until the game has made the needed number of orders and is about to be produced. This system has since been adopted by other wargame publishers such as Multi-Man Publishing for some of their games.
Greenwich Mean Time
Greenwich Mean Time was adopted across the island of Great Britain by the Railway Clearing House in 1847 and by almost all railway companies by the following year, from which the term "railway time" is derived. It was gradually adopted for other purposes, but a legal case in 1858 held "local mean time" to be the official time. On 14 May 1880, a letter signed by "Clerk to Justices" appeared in "The Times", stating that "Greenwich time is now kept almost throughout England, but it appears that Greenwich time is not legal time. For example, our polling booths were opened, say, at 8 13 and closed at 4 13 p.m." This was changed later in 1880, when Greenwich Mean Time was legally adopted throughout the island of Great Britain. GMT was adopted on the Isle of Man in 1883, Jersey in 1898 and Guernsey in 1913. Ireland adopted GMT in 1916, supplanting Dublin Mean Time. Hourly time signals from Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast on 5 February 1924, rendering the time ball at the observatory redundant.