When was Karl Dietrich Bracher born?
Karl Dietrich Bracher
Karl Dietrich Bracher (13 March 1922 – 19 September 2016) was a German political scientist and historian of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Born in Stuttgart, Bracher was awarded a Ph.D. in the classics by the University of Tübingen in 1948 and subsequently studied at Harvard University from 1949 to 1950. During World War II, he served in the Wehrmacht and was captured by the Americans while serving in Tunisia in 1943. He was then held as a POW in Camp Concordia, Kansas. Bracher taught at the Free University of Berlin from 1950 to 1958 and at the University of Bonn since 1959. In 1951 Bracher married Dorothee Schleicher, the niece of Dietrich Bonhoeffer. They had two children.
Franz Brümmer
Karl Wilhelm Franz Brümmer (17 November 1836, Wusterhausen – 30 January 1923, Munich) was a German educator and lexicographer.
Karl Friedrich Becker
Karl Friedrich Becker (11 March 1777 – 15 March 1806) was a German educator and historian. His most noted work was "World History for Children and Teachers of Children" () which was widely used and much edited and revised by other noted historians after Becker's death.
Karl Strauss
He was born October 5, 1912, on the second floor of the administration building of the Feldschlösschen Bräu, a brewery in Minden, Germany, of which his father was president. The second born of two boys and a girl to Albrecht and Mathilde Strauss, he attended the Oberrealschule in Minden where he received his "Abitur". During his young life he assisted his father as a brewer and intern while living in the family quarters at the brewery. At age 19, he went to the Technical University of Munich at Weihenstephan, where he received a degree in the science and practice of malting and brewing. In addition, he received Master Brewer certification, allowing him to teach apprentice brewers. With his diploma in hand, he began working at breweries including the Falkenkreuz Brauerei Lippert in Detmold, Westphalia; the Bauer Brauerei in Lübeck, Holstein; and the Altstädter Malzfabrik in Altstadt, Thuringia.
Emil Brunner
Heinrich Emil Brunner (; December 23, 1889 in Winterthur, Switzerland – April 6, 1966, Zurich, Switzerland) was a Swiss Protestant (Reformed) theologian. Along with Karl Barthsee Relationship with Karl Barth belowhe is commonly associated with neo-orthodoxy or the dialectical theology movement.
Christian Wilhelm Franz Walch
Christian Wilhelm Franz Walch (25 December 1726 – 10 March 1784) was a protestant German theologian and professor of theology from Göttingen. He authored numerous books.
Walch was born on 25 December 1726 in Meiningen. His father Johann Georg Walch (1693–1775) was theologian, with theological position of moderate Lutheran orthodoxy. His older brother was Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch. In 1763 he married Eleonore Friderike Crome. Walch died on 10 March 1784 in Göttingen.
Dietrich Braess
Dietrich Braess (born June 16, 1938 in Hamburg) is a German mathematician. He is known for Braess's paradox, which deals with traffic equilibrium. Braess' focus has centered on numerical treatment of elliptical differential equations and nonlinear approximation theories.
Karl Dietrich Bracher
In a 1971 essay to mark the 100th anniversary of German unification, Bracher rejected the claim that Otto von Bismarck was the "grandfather" of the present-day Federal Republic, and argued that those historians who claimed that there was a line of continuity between Bismarck's Second Reich and the Federal Republic were entirely mistaken. Bracher maintained that the founding of the Federal Republic in 1949 was a decisive break with everything had happened before in German history. Bracher stated that the Federal Republic with its democracy, respect for the individual, equality of all citizens, rule of the law and its pluralist, tolerant society owned nothing to Bismarck's vision of a rigidly hierarchical society dominated by a militaristic, authoritarian state that existed to uphold the power of the "Junkers". Bracher wrote that the success of the modern Federal Republic had nothing to do with the "Bismarckian tradition" and stated that the "destruction of the state of 1871" was "the premiss and starting point for a new German state altogether". Bracher maintained that "the second, finally successful democracy in Germany is unimaginable, impossible without the ultimate failure of the "Reich" of 1871".
Albert Dietrich
Dietrich was born at Golk, near Meissen. From 1851 he studied composition with Robert Schumann in Düsseldorf, where in October 1853 he first met Brahms and collaborated with Schumann and Brahms on the 'F-A-E' Sonata for Joseph Joachim (Dietrich composed the substantial first movement). From 1861 until 1890 he was the musical director at the court of Oldenburg, where Brahms often visited him and where he introduced many of Brahms’s works. It was in Dietrich’s library that Brahms discovered the volume of poetry by Hölderlin that furnished him with the text for his Schicksalslied, which he began composing while visiting Wilhelmshaven dockyard in Dietrich’s company. Dietrich was also instrumental in arranging for the premiere of Brahms’s Ein deutsches Requiem at Bremen in 1868. Dietrich’s own works include an opera "Robin Hood", a Symphony in D minor (1869, dedicated to Brahms), a Violin Concerto in the same key (composed for Joseph Joachim but premiered in 1874 by Johann Lauterbach), a Cello Concerto, Horn Concerto, choral works and several chamber compositions including two piano trios.
Karl Eduard Zetzsche
Karl Eduard Zetzsche (March 11, 1830 Altenberg – April 18, 1894 Dresden) was a German mathematician and physicist.
Karl Dietrich Bracher
In the introduction to his 1982 book "Zeit der Ideologien" ("Age of Ideologies"), Bracher wrote: "When the realization of high-pitched political expectations was found to come up against certain limits, there was a revival of the confrontation, especially painful in Germany and one that was generally believed to have been overcome". Bracher attacked Communism under the grounds that its claim to have "scientifically" worked out the laws of history was the source of "its great strength vis-à-vis supporters and sympathizers but also its extremely intolerant and coercive character.” Bracher wrote: “Communist policies are something mystical, something surpassing the rational capability of the individual, something fully accessible only to the collective and its leadership,” which promoted itself as “an exclusively informed elite.” As part of his critique of Communism, Bracher wrote:"No limits were to that elite’s supranational competence…. It is this moral and intellectual totalitarianism pseudo-scientifically justified and politically enforced, that represents both the strength and the weakness of communist ideology. It was able to bring salvation from doubts in a modern complex world, but it was bound, time and again, to come into conflict with the facts of that complexity.”
Karl Eschweiler
Karl Eschweiler (5 September 1886 – 30 September 1936) was an academic Roman Catholic theologian in Germany, who, as a so-called brown priest, publicly promoted cooperation and reconciliation between the church and Hitler’s National Socialist regime from 1933 onwards. He believed that a dictatorship would benefit the church, as it would stem the tide of secularist modernism that he saw as eroding the church’s authority.
Karl Burdach
Karl Burdach (28 July 1891 – 30 December 1976) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, of Nazi Germany.
Albert Drach
Albert Drach (17 December 1902 – 27 March 1995) was an Austrian-Jewish writer and lawyer. He was born in Vienna and died in Mödling. In 1988 he was awarded the Georg Büchner Prize by the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung for being a "courageous and sensitive contemporary witness who expresses the madness of our century without resentment in poetic poignancy".
Karl Becker (philologist)
Karl Ferdinand Becker (14 April 1775 Lieser (Mosel) – 4 September 1849 Offenbach am Main) was a German physician, educationalist, and philologist. He wrote a German grammar. His deductive approach to comparative philology was later discredited.
Carl Heinrich Becker
Carl Heinrich Becker (12 April 1876 – 10 February 1933) was a German orientalist and politician in Prussia. 1921 and 1925–1930 he served as Minister for Culture in Prussia (independent). He is one of the founders of the study of the contemporary Middle East and an important reformer of the system of higher education in the Weimar Republic.
Karl Dietrich Bracher
In the "Historikerstreit", Bracher mostly stayed on the sidelines, and took a pox-on-both-houses approach. Writing on 14 March 1987, Bracher stated he regarded the "Historikerstreit" as typical of the "Doppelbödigkeit" (ambiguities) that Germans felt towards their recent history. Bracher argued that the Federal Republic was one of two rival German states competing for the loyalty of the German people, the successor state to two regimes that failed, and inhabited by two generations with different memories of the past. Bracher wrote that for Germans: "The present dispute concerns not only the orientation and the meaning of a totalitarian "past", which is not easy to historicize, but does not simply pass away despite temporal distance". Bracher argued that given the "burden of the past", West Germany could all too easily slide into dictatorship Bracher saw the major threat to West German democracy as coming from the left. Bracher accused the peace and Green movements as hovering "in the borderline between democracy and dictatorship", and warned that the radical left-peace-Green movements could easily become the instruments of a "pseudo-religious concepts of salvation" that would lead to a return to totalitarianism in West Germany. Bracher claimed that the situation in the late 1980s was the same as in the late 1960s "when we critics of an all-too-general concept of fascism were opposed by a front from Nolte via Habermas to the extraparliamentary opposition".
Diedrich Bader
Karl Diedrich Bader was born in Alexandria, Virginia, on Christmas Eve, 1966, the son of German-born Margaret Marie "Gretta" (née Lange) (1931–2014), a sculptor, and William B. Bader (1931–2016), a foundation executive and political activist. His patrilineal great-grandfather was Edward Lawrence Bader, who was mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (Karl Schmidt until 1905; 1 December 1884 – 10 August 1976) was a German expressionist painter and printmaker; he was one of the four founders of the artist group Die Brücke.
Karl Eschweiler
Karl Eschweiler was born at Euskirchen, Cologne on September 5, 1886. He entered the city’s Catholic seminary before studying for a Doctorate of Philosophy (D. Phil) at Munich (awarded 1909). He wrote his dissertation on the aesthetic elements in St Augustine's philosophy of religion. On completion of his doctoral studies, Eschweiler returned to the seminary, and was ordained priest in the Archdiocese of Cologne in 1910. He served initially as a parish priest before pursuing full-time doctoral studies in theology at Bonn University. At the time of the Weimar Republic, Bonn was a centre for ‘progressive’ Catholic scholarship, and a number of those studying with Eschweiler would go on to become critics of Hitler and the Nazi regime.
Karl Scheel
Karl Friedrich Franz Christian Scheel (10 March 1866 in Rostock – 8 November 1936 in Berlin) was a German physicist. He was a Senior Executive Officer and head of Department IIIb at the Reich Physical and Technical Institute. Additionally, he served as editor of the journal "Fortschritte der Physik", the semi-monthly bibliographic section of the journal "Physikalische Berichte", the "Verhandlungen" of the German Physical Society, and the Society’s journal "Zeitschrift für Physik". From 1926 to 1935, he was editor of the "Handbuch der Physik". An endowment by Scheel and his wife Melida funds the annual awarding of the Karl Scheel Prize by the Physical Society in Berlin.
Timeline of Karl Marx
Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Marx's work in economics laid the basis for the current understanding of labour and its relation to capital, and has influenced much of subsequent economic thought. He published numerous books during his lifetime, the most notable being "The Communist Manifesto". Marx studied at the University of Bonn and the University of Berlin, where he became interested in the philosophical ideas of the Young Hegelians. After his studies, he wrote for a radical newspaper in Cologne, and began to work out his theory of dialectical materialism. He moved to Paris in 1843, where he began writing for other radical newspapers and met Fredrick Engels, who would become his lifelong friend and collaborator. In 1849 he was exiled and moved to London together with his wife and children where he continued writing and formulating his theories about social and economic activity. He also campaigned for socialism and became a significant figure in the International Workingmen's Association.
Karl-Heinrich Brenner
Karl Jakob Heinrich Brenner - also Karl-Heinrich Brenner - (1 May 1895 – 14 February 1954) was a decorated German general of the Waffen-SS who held the rank of SS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of Polizei during the Nazi era. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
National Socialist Program
Historian Karl Dietrich Bracher writes that,
Karl Kimmich
Karl Kimmich (September 14, 1880 in Ulm – September 10, 1945 in Berlin) was a German banker. From 1933 to 1942, he was member of the executive board of Deutsche Bank and from 1942 to 1945 chairman of the same firm.
Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann
Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann (; ; born Tobermann; 2 January 1834 in Apolda – 9 June 1894 in Apolda) was the first breeder of Doberman Pinscher. He started the creation of this dog breed in the town of Apolda, in the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach around 1890, following the Franco-Prussian War.
Karl Julius Beloch
Karl Julius Beloch (January 21, 1854 in Nieder-Petschkendorf – February 1, 1929 in Rome) was a German classical and economic historian.
Franz Karl Ginzkey
Franz Karl Ginzkey (September 8, 1871, Pola, Austrian Littoral, Austria-Hungary (now Pula, Croatia) - April 11, 1963, Vienna) was an Austro-Hungarian (then Austrian) officer, poet and writer. His arguably most famous book "Hatschi Bratschis Luftballon" ("Hatschi Bratschi's Balloon") captivated generations of children.
Karl Dietrich Bracher
Bracher emerged as one of the first proponents of the idea of the Federal Republic as a "post-national democracy" or what become known as "constitutional patriotism", a new definition of what it meant to be German. Bracher argued that in the aftermath of the Third Reich, the traditional German nationalism based on a "blood-and-soil" ideology that defined "Deutschtum" (Germanness) in racial terms was too morally compromised by its association with Nazism, and the values promoted by the old Prussian-Imperial "Obrigkeitsstaat" (authoritarian state) were not suitable for a democratic society, thus requiring something new. Instead, Bracher called for a new German nationalism that defined itself in terms of its commitment to democracy and made upholding the humanist values of the 1949 Basic Law (the constitution) the centerpiece of what it meant to be German. Bracher argued contra the traditional "national patriotism" with loyalty to the nation that with "constitutional patriotism" the primary loyalty of Germans was to be towards the Basic Law and its values, creating a new sense of German national identity based upon a sense of loyalty to the Basic Law that would to apply to all regardless of sex, religion, skin color or ethnicity. Many supporters of "national patriotism" like the historian Hagen Schulze argued Bracher's "constitutional patriotism" was too dry and abstract, maintaining that Germans needed a stronger glue than loyalty to the Basic Law to have a sustainable sense of national identity, thus requiring loyalty to the nation. In the 1970s-80s, Bracher published a series of essays calling for "constitutional patriotism" and a "post-national democracy" that redefined "Deutschtum" in terms of republican belonging to a democratic state and rejected the old definitions of the nation-state. Such was the success of Bracher's efforts that many younger Germans starting in the 1980s embraced his idea of "constitutional patriotism" as a way of affirming one's pride in being German. In 1989-1990, Bracher welcomed the fall of the East German dictatorship and German reunification. Bracher did not feel the East German SED dictatorship was morally equivalent to the Nazi regime, but he argued that the memory of how awful the Communist regime in East Germany should be preserved to prevent any return to Communism.
Jonathan Carl Zenker
Jonathan Carl (or Karl) Zenker (1 March 1799 – 6 November 1837) was a German naturalist born in Sundremda, located in the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district.
Karl Rasche
Karl Emil August Rasche (23 August 1892 in Iserlohn – 13 September 1951 in Basel) was an SS-Obersturmbannführer and a Ph.D. in law as well as a Board member and banker, later spokesman, of the Dresdner Bank during the Third Reich. On 11 April 1949 he was sentenced in a Ministries Trial to seven years in prison for his activities under the Nazis.
Karl Brocks
Karl Brocks (29 January 1912 – 29 May 1972) was a German meteorologist who was a member of the Geophysical (later Meteorological) Institute of Hamburg University. In 1960 he was appointed full professor and head of the Institute. During World War II, he served in the Wehrmacht and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
Karl Diebitsch
Karl Diebitsch (3 January 1899 – 6 August 1985) was an artist and the Schutzstaffel (SS) officer responsible for designing much of the SS regalia during the Nazi era, including the chained SS officer's dagger scabbard. Diebitsch worked with graphic designer Walter Heck to draft the well-known all-black SS uniform. Also with his business partner, industrialist Franz Nagy, Diebitsch began the production of art porcelain at the factory Porzellan Manufaktur Allach.
Karl Bechert
Karl Richard Bechert (August 23, 1901 in Nuremberg, Middle Franconia – April 1, 1981 in Weilmünster-Möttau, Hesse) was a German theoretical physicist and political leader. As a scientist, he made contributions in atomic physics.
Karl Dietrich Bracher
Bracher argued the beginning of the end of the Weimar Republic was the coming of "presidential government" in 1930 as starting with government of Heinrich Brüning, Chancellors not sought to govern via the "Reichstag", instead using the "25/48/53 formula", which was legal, but violated the spirit of the constitution as Article 54 had explicitly stated the Chancellor and his cabinet were responsible to the "Reichstag". Bracher maintained that the end of German democracy was not inevitable, but instead was due to conscious choices coupled with "momentous errors and failures" made by Germany's leaders, especially President Paul von Hindenburg. In "Die Auflösung der Weimarer Republik", Bracher argued the "collapse" of the republic went through several stages:
It should be noted that Bracher in writing of a "loss of power" and a "power vacuum" was referring to the decay of the democratic system, not a weakening of the state. Kolb noted in the years 1930-33, the "Reichswehr", the bureaucracy, the police and above all President von Hindenburg all saw a dramatic increase in their power, and what was happening in Germany in that period was the gradual collapse of the democratic system with policy decisions increasingly being made by the "Reichswehr" and the "Kamarilla" of President Hindenburg instead of the "Reichstag".
Walther von Brauchitsch
Walther Heinrich Alfred Hermann von Brauchitsch (4 October 1881 – 18 October 1948) was a German field marshal and the Commander-in-Chief of the German Army during the Nazi era. Born into an aristocratic military family, Brauchitsch entered army service in 1901. During World War I, he served with distinction on the corps- and division-level staff on the Western Front.
Dietrich Barfurth
Karl Dietrich Gerhard Barfurth (January 25, 1849 – March 23, 1927) was a German anatomist and embryologist born in Dinslaken.
Robert Pracht
Karl Robert Pracht (born April 12, 1878, Mulhouse; d. May 4, 1961, Karlsruhe) was a German composer and music educator. He is well known for his piano and string works as well as his numerous choral compositions.
Karl Brunner (SS general)
Karl Brunner (Passau, 26 July 1900 – Munich, 7 December 1980) was a German lawyer, SS-"Brigadeführer" and "Generalmajor" of the police and the SS and police leader in Salzburg and Bolzano. Brunner served as head of the "Einsatzkommando 4/I" during the invasion of Poland and the early stages of the German occupation in 1939, tasked with the killing of Polish civilians. During his time in Northern Italy he was also responsible for the arrest, and ultimately, the deportation of the Jews in his area of jurisdiction, as well as reprisals against Italian civilians.
Karl Dietrich Bracher
In Bracher's view, Hitler's rise was not inevitable, and the primary responsibility for the Chancellorship being given to Hitler on 30 January 1933 rested with the "Kamarilla" of President Paul von Hindenburg. Bracher wrote that had Hindenburg chosen differently from that the path that he did chose by appointing Hitler chancellor on 30 January 1933 that German history would easily gone in a completely different direction, thus meaning that even through Hindenburg died in 1934, he must bear ultimate responsibility for everything that happened between 1933–45, for the appointment of Hitler was a purely a gratuitous act on Hindenburg's part that he did not have to do. However, Bracher argued that once Hitler had obtained power, he used his authority to carry out a comprehensive revolution that politically destroyed both Hitler's opponents such as the SPD and his allies such as the DNVP who sought to “tame” the Nazi movement. Bracher argued that because Hitler was so central to the Nazi movement that it led to the fate of National Socialism being so intertwined with Hitler's fate that it is right, as noted above, to speak of National Socialism as Hitlerism, and hence justifying Hitler's place in history as a person who by their actions decisively brought about events that otherwise would not had occurred. In addition, Bracher maintained that the importance of Hitler derived from his being the most effective exponent of an extremely radical type of racist German nationalism, which allowed for ideas that otherwise would be ignored by historians coming to a terrible fruition.
Karl Bittel
Karl Bittel was born in Darmstadt. His father was a bank worker. He attended school at Freiburg in the south-west of Germany, across the Rhine from Mulhouse. He passed his school final exams in 1911. By that time he had already co-founded a Freiburg Wandervogel youth group, for which he produced a news-sheet. Then, between 1911 and 1915, he studied Economics (""), Law and History at the universities of Heidelberg, Freiburg and Tübingen. It was while he was at Tübingen that he joined the , a (relatively) forward looking student fraternity. He received his doctorate from Tübingen in 1915 for a dissertation on the consumer-co-operative movement pioneer, Eduard Pfeiffer.
Karl Eduard Rothschuh
Karl Eduard Rothschuh (July 6, 1908 – September 3, 1984) was a German cardiac physiologist, medical historian, and medical philosopher. He was a professor of physiology until 1960 and of history of medicine until 1973 at the University of Münster in Germany.
Classical Marxism
Karl Marx (5 May 1818, Trier, Germany – 14 March 1883, London) was an immensely influential German philosopher, sociologist, political economist and revolutionary socialist. Marx addressed a wide range of issues, including alienation and exploitation of the worker, the capitalist mode of production and historical materialism, although he is most famous for his analysis of history in terms of class struggles, summed up in the opening line of the introduction to "The Communist Manifesto": "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles". The influence of his ideas, already popular during his life, was given added impetus by the victory of the Russian Bolsheviks in the 1917 October Revolution and there are few parts of the world which were not significantly touched by Marxian ideas in the course of the twentieth century.
Karl Höchberg
Karl Höchberg (8 September 1853 – 21 June 1885) was a German social-reformist writer, publisher and economist, with a jewish family background, who acted under the pseudonyms Dr. Ludwig Richter and R.F. Seifert. In 1876, he became a member of the Social Democratic Workers Party of Germany (SDAP). From 1877 to 1878, he was responsible for editing the "Zukunft" (""Future"") magazine. He was in exile in Switzerland from 1878 onwards, first to avoid conscription to the prussian military, and then due to the anti-socialist laws. Eduard Bernstein and Karl Kautsky were his secretaries and pupils in Zurich. Afterwards, between 1879 and 1881, he was editor of the "Jahrbuch für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik" (""Yearbook for Social Science and Social Politics"").
Karl Kreibich (politician, born 1867)
Karl Kreibich (August 21, 1867 – February 26, 1949) was an ethnic German politician in the First Czechoslovak Republic. Kreibich was born in Bratislava on August 21, 1867. He worked as wholesale trader in Bratislava. On February 21, 1933, he replaced Rudolf Böhm as Senator in the Czechoslovak National Assembly, following Böhm's death. He represented the German section of the Provincial Christian-Socialist Party in the Senate. Kreibich's Senate mandate ended in 1935.
Carlos Mijares Bracho
Carlos G. Mijares Bracho (April 26, 1930 – March 19, 2015) was a Mexican architect and founder of the "grupo Menhir".
Karl Daniel Friedrich Bach
Karl Daniel Friedrich Bach (Potsdam May, 1756 - Breslau 8 April 1829 (according to some sources in 1826)) was a German painter.
Karl Buresch
Karl Buresch (12 October 1878 – 16 September 1936) was a lawyer, Christian-Social politician and Chancellor of Austria during the First Republic.
Karl Krolow
Karl Krolow (11 March 1915 – 21 June 1999) was a German poet and translator. In 1956 he was awarded the Georg Büchner Prize. He was born in Hannover, Germany and died in Darmstadt, Germany.
Karl Otto Paetel
Karl Otto Paetel (23 November 1906, Berlin – 4 May 1975, New York) was a German political journalist. During the 1920s he was a prominent exponent of National Bolshevism. During the 1930s he became a member of anti-Nazi German resistance.
Karl Freiherr Michel von Tüßling
Karl Richard Freiherr Michel von Tüßling (27 July 1907 – 30 October 1991) was a Schutzstaffel (SS) officer who served in the Nazi government of German dictator Adolf Hitler, in the staff of the Reichsführer SS and in the staff of the SS Main Office. From 1936 onwards, he also was the personal adjutant of "Reichsleiter" and SS-"Obergruppenführer" Philipp Bouhler, who was in charge of Hitler's Chancellery (Kanzlei des Führers), head of the euthanasia programme Aktion T4, as well as co-initiator of Aktion 14f13. In 1947 Tüßling provided an affidavit in defence of war criminal Viktor Brack who was sentenced to death at the Nuremberg trials.
Heinrich Claß
Heinrich Claß (February 29, 1868, Alzey – April 16, 1953, Jena) was a German right-wing politician and president of the Pan-German League from 1908 to 1939. He is commonly known for his books about far-right policy, written under the pseudonym "Daniel Frymann" or "Einhart". The most famous of these was his 1912 book "Wenn ich der Kaiser wär' " (If I were the emperor), in which he agitates for imperialism, Pan-Germanism and Antisemitism.
Karl Becker (painter)
Karl Ludwig Friedrich Becker (18 December 1820, in Berlin – 20 December 1900, in Berlin) was a German history painter and president of the Berlin Academy.
Rudolph Brasch
Rudolph Brasch AM OBE (6 November 1912November 2004) was an Australian rabbi and author.
He was born in Berlin, Germany and moved to London when Hitler gained power in 1933. He eventually emigrated to Australia, arriving in 1949, and was the Chief Minister of the Temple Emanuel in Sydney for the next thirty years.
List of liberal theorists
The journalist Karl-Hermann Flach (Germany, 1929–1973) was in his book "Noch eine Chance für die Liberalen" one of the main theorist of the new social liberal principles of the Free Democratic Party (Germany). He places liberalism clearly as the opposite of conservatism and opened the road for a government coalition with the social democrats.
Dietrich Eckart
Dietrich Eckart (; 23 March 1868 – 26 December 1923) was a German journalist, playwright, poet, and politician who was one of the founders of the "Deutsche Arbeiterpartei" (German Workers' Party, DAP), which later evolved into the Nazi Party (NSDAP). He was a key influence on Adolf Hitler in the early years of the Nazi Party and was a participant in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch.
Carl Friedrich Bruch
Carl Friedrich Bruch (March 11, 1789, Zweibrücken – December 21, 1857) was a German ornithologist. He was the younger brother of bryologist Philipp Bruch (1781–1847).
Carl Schlechter
Carl Schlechter (2 March 1874 – 27 December 1918) was a leading Austrian chess master and theoretician at the turn of the 20th century. He is best known for drawing a World Chess Championship match with Emanuel Lasker.
Alfred Brauer
Alfred Theodor Brauer (April 9, 1894 in Charlottenburg – December 23, 1985 in North Carolina) was a German-American mathematician who did work in number theory. He studied at the University of Berlin. As he served Germany in World War I, even being injured in the war, he was able to keep his position longer than many other Jewish academics who had been forced out after Hitler's rise to power. In 1935 he lost his position and in 1938 he tried to leave Germany, but was not able to until the following year. He initially worked in the Northeast, but in 1942 he settled into a position at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. A good deal of his works, and the Alfred T. Brauer library, would be linked to this university. Although he occasionally taught at Wake Forest University after he retired from Chapel Hill at 70.
Karl Gottfried Paul Döhle
Karl Gottfried Paul Döhle (6 June 1855 – 7 December 1928) was a German pathologist who was a native of Mühlhausen.
Karl Strauss
Karl Martin Strauss (October 5, 1912 – December 21, 2006) was a German-American brewer. He fled Nazi Germany in 1939, and went on to become a brewer, executive, and consultant in the American brewing industry. He received numerous awards during his career, which spanned both the large national brewery and the microbrew segments of the industry. Karl Strauss Brewing Company, which he helped found in 1989, continues to bear his name.
Carl Ferdinand Becker
Karl Ferdinand Becker (17 July 1804 Leipzig – 26 October 1877 Plagwitz section of Leipzig), was a German writer on music, and an organist.
Karl Dietrich Bracher
Bracher often criticized the functionist-structuralist interpretation of the Third Reich championed by such scholars such as Martin Broszat and Hans Mommsen, and decried their view of Hitler as a “weak dictator”. In Bracher's view, Hitler was the “Master of the Third Reich”. However, though Bracher argues that the Führer was the driving force behind the Third Reich, he was one of the first historians to argue that Nazi Germany was less well organized than the Nazis liked to pretend. In a 1956 essay, Bracher noted "the antagonism between rival agencies was resolved solely in the omnipotent key position of the Führer", which was the result of "...the complex coexistence and opposition of the power groups and from conflicting personal ties". Unlike the functionists, Bracher saw this disorganization as part of a conscious “divide and rule” strategy on the part of Hitler, and argued at no point was Hitler ever driven by pressure from below or had his power limited in any way. One area where Bracher is in agreement with the functionists concerns the highly "ad hoc" nature of decision-making in the Third Reich. Bracher commented that the Nazi regime "remained in a state of permanent improvisation".
Karl Blessing
Karl Blessing (5 February 1900 – 25 April 1971) was a German banker. He was President of the Deutsche Bundesbank from 1958 to 1969. 
He was born in Württemberg, joined the Reichsbank in 1920 and graduated in Business Administration in 1925. In 1929 he became an assistant to then Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht and in 1934 he was seconded to the Reich Ministry of Economics. He became a member of the executive board of the Reichsbank in 1937 but was dismissed in February 1939 along with other board members for criticising Nazi economic policy.
Karl Friedrich Bahrdt
Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (August 25, 1741 – April 23, 1792), also spelled Carl Friedrich Bahrdt, was an unorthodox German Protestant biblical scholar, theologian, and polemicist. Controversial during his day, he is sometimes considered an "enfant terrible" and one of the most immoral characters in German learning.
Bahrdt was born on August 25, 1741, at Bischofswerda, Upper Lusatia, where his father was pastor of the local church. The elder Bahrdt was later a professor, canon, and general superintendent at Leipzig. He received his early education at the celebrated school of Pforta, but some commenters have found his training to have been grossly neglected.
Karl Kraus (writer)
Karl Kraus (April 28, 1874 – June 12, 1936) was an Austrian writer and journalist, known as a satirist, essayist, aphorist, playwright and poet. He directed his satire at the press, German culture, and German and Austrian politics. The Austrian author Stefan Zweig once called Kraus "the master of venomous ridicule" ("der Meister des giftigen Spotts"). He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.
Karl Dietrich Bracher
Bracher argued that the "one basic principle to which Hitler subscribed deeply, blindly and ruthlessly" was anti-Semitism. Bracher noted that the "Shoah" was so important to Hitler that during World War II, resources that might from a purely military point of view be better devoted to the war were instead turned towards genocide. In 1981, the British Marxist historian Timothy Mason in his essay 'Intention and explanation: A Current controversy about the interpretation of National Socialism' from the book "The "Fuehrer State" : Myth and reality" coined the term "Intentionist" as part of an attack against Bracher and Klaus Hildebrand, both of whom Mason accused of focusing too much on Hitler as an explanation for the Holocaust.
Karl Emanuel Klitzsch
Karl Emanuel Klitzsch, or often just Emanuel Klitzsch, (Schönheide, 30 October 1812 - Zwickau, 5 March 1889) was a German composer, organist and music critic. He was a friend of Robert Schumann and promoted his works. He was for many years director of music in Zwickau, teacher at the Zwickau Gymnasium and writer for the "Neue Zeitschrift für Musik". As composer he used the name "Emanuel Kronach".
Karl, Freiherr von Prel
Karl Ludwig August Friedrich Maximilian Alfred, Freiherr von Prel, or, in French, Carl Ludwig August Friedrich Maximilian Alfred, Baron du Prel (3 April 1839 – 4 August 1899), was a German philosopher and writer on mysticism and the occult. In the literature it has become customary to refer to him under various abbreviated French forms of his name, usually "Carl Du Prel," "Baron Carl Du Prel," or simply "Baron Du Prel."
Karl Prachar
Karl Prachar (; 1924 – November 27, 1994) was a mathematician who worked in the area of analytic number theory. He is known for his much acclaimed book on the distribution of the prime numbers, "Primzahlverteilung" (Springer Verlag, 1957).
Karl Glitscher
Karl Glitscher (1886 – 1945) was a German physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics.
Karl Nikitsch
Hauptmann Karl Nikitsch (17 January 1885—7 September 1927) was a professional soldier who served, in succession, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the First Austrian Republic. His First World War service in the Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops was marked by his abilities in organizing, staffing, and commanding flying squadrons. He also became a flying ace credited with six aerial victories Postwar, he commanded the Austrian Flugpolizei.
Max Bruch
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch (6 January 1838 – 2 October 1920), also known as Max Karl August Bruch, was a German Romantic composer and conductor who wrote over 200 works, including three violin concertos, the first of which has become a staple of the violin repertory.
Heinrich Karl Brugsch
Heinrich Karl Brugsch was born in Berlin in 1827. He was the son of a Prussian cavalry officer, and was born in the barracks at Berlin. He early manifested a great inclination to Egyptian studies, in which he was almost entirely self-taught. At the age of 16, he applied himself with success to the decipherment of Demotic, which had been neglected since the death of Champollion in 1832. Brugsch's work, "Scriptura Ægyptiorum Demotica" (Berlin, 1848), containing the results of his studies, appeared while he was a student at the gymnasium. It was followed by his "Numerorum Demoticorum Doctrina" (1849), and his "Sammlung demotischer Urkunden" (1850).
Carl Blechen
Carl Eduard Ferdinand Blechen (29 July 1798, Cottbus - 23 July 1840, Berlin) was a German landscape painter and a Professor at the Academy of Arts, Berlin. His distinctive style was characteristic of the Romantic ideals of natural beauty.
Karl Fritsch
Karl Fritsch (24 February 1864 – 17 January 1934) was an Austrian botanist. He was born in Vienna and educated mainly at the University of Vienna, obtaining his PhD degree in 1886 and his Habilitation in 1890. In 1900 he moved to the University of Graz as professor of Systematic Botany, where he built up the botanical institute. In 1910 he was appointed as director of the university's botanical garden, and in 1916 the new institute acquired its own building. He continued at Graz for the rest of his career, and died there.
Karl Heinrich Christian Bartels
Karl Heinrich Christian Bartels (25 September 1822 in Meilsdorf – 20 June 1878 in Kiel) was a German internist and pathologist, known for research of kidney disorders.
Karl Koch (botanist)
Karl Heinrich Emil Koch (6 June 1809 – 25 May 1879) was a German botanist. He is best known for his botanical explorations in the Caucasus region, including northeast Turkey. Most of his collections have today been lost. He is also known as the first professional horticultural officer in Germany.
Karl Gorath
Karl Gorath (12 December 1912, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany − 18 March 2003, Bremerhaven) was a gay man who was arrested in 1938 and imprisoned for homosexuality at Neuengamme and Auschwitz. He was freed in 1945.
Frederick Bracher
Frederick Charles Bracher (25 October 1868 – 23 December 1947) was an English cricketer active in the late 1890s. Born at Bedminster, Bristol, Bracher made 13 first-class appearances for Gloucestershire.
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe (; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; 14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. He was born in the then Danish peninsula of Scania. Well known in his lifetime as an astronomer, astrologer and alchemist, he has been described as "the first competent mind in modern astronomy to feel ardently the passion for exact empirical facts." His observations were some five times more accurate than the best available observations at the time.
Karl Böttcher
Karl Böttcher (25 October 1889 – 21 October 1973) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
Mitchell M. Duchich
Mitchell M. Duchich (aka Mihailo Duchich) (1882–1960) was the founder of the Clover Leaf Dairy Company. Built in 1908, it was one of the earliest dairies in Gary, Indiana, as well as one of the largest employers there at that time. Actor Karl Malden's father worked there as a milkman.
Karl Michael Ziehrer
Karl Michael Ziehrer (also spelled as Carl Michael Ziehrer) (2 May 1843 – 14 November 1922) was an Austrian composer. In his lifetime, he was one of the fiercest rivals of the Strauss family; most notably Johann Strauss II and Eduard Strauss.
Karl Diehl (economist)
Karl Diehl (March 27, 1864, Frankfurt—May 12, 1943 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German economist and professor who taught from 1908 until his death in Freiburg. He taught at the universities of Heidelberg and Freiburg, known for teaching on the subject of Anarchism.
Karl Emil Schäfer
Karl Emil Schäfer (17 December 1891 – 5 June 1917) was a German pilot during World War I; he became one of the major German flying aces of the war, with 30 confirmed aerial victories.
Carl Krauch
Carl Krauch (7 April 1887 – 3 February 1968) was a German chemist, industrialist and Nazi war criminal. He was an executive at BASF (later IG Farben); during World War II, he was chairman of the supervisory board. He was a key implementer of the Reich’s Four-Year Plan to achieve national economic self-sufficiency and promote industrial production. He was Plenipotentiary of Special Issues in Chemical Production, a senator of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, and an honorary professor at the University of Berlin. He was convicted in the IG Farben trial after World War II and sentenced to six years in prison.
Karl von Bock und Polach
Carl Friedrich Wilhelm von Bock und Polach or Karl von Bock und Polach (28 October 1840 - 29 January 1902) was a local German politician.
He was born in Mainz, Germany. He was elected as the Mayor of the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr in 1878 to 1895, where he died.
Dietrich Becker
Dietrich Becker (ca. 1623 – Hamburg, 12 May 1679) was a German Baroque violinist and composer.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Bonhoeffer was born on 4 February 1906 in Breslau, Germany into a large family. In addition to his other siblings, Dietrich had a twin sister, Sabine Bonhoeffer Leibholz: he and Sabine were the sixth and seventh children out of eight. His father was psychiatrist and neurologist Karl Bonhoeffer, noted for his criticism of Sigmund Freud, and his mother Paula Bonhoeffer, née von Hase, was a teacher and the granddaughter of Protestant theologian Karl von Hase and painter Stanislaus Kalckreuth. His oldest brother Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer became a chemist, and, along with Paul Harteck, discovered the spin isomers of hydrogen in 1929. Walter Bonhoeffer, the second born of the Bonhoeffer family, was killed in action during World War I, when the twins were 12. The third Bonhoeffer child, Klaus, was a lawyer until he was executed for his involvement in the 20 July plot. Both of Bonhoeffer's older sisters, Ursula Bonhoeffer Schleicher and Christel Bonhoeffer von Dohnanyi, married men who were eventually executed by the Nazis. Christel was imprisoned by the Nazis but survived. Sabine and their youngest sister Susanne Bonhoeffer Dress each married men who survived Nazism. His cousin Karl-Günther von Hase was the German Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1977.
Heinrich Karl Brugsch
Heinrich Karl Brugsch (also "Brugsch-Pasha") (18 February 18279 September 1894) was a German Egyptologist. He was associated with Auguste Mariette in his excavations at Memphis. He became director of the School of Egyptology at Cairo, producing numerous very valuable works and pioneering the decipherment of Demotic, the simplified script of the later Egyptian periods.
Karl Knaths
Knaths's father, Otto Julius, was born on October 10, 1846, in Wettin, Germany. An orphan, he attended the Latin School in Halle and emigrated to the United States from Leipzig in 1869. He earned his living as a baker. He married a woman whose name is given as Maria Theresa Dietrich or Tressie Tredeck. Her birth date is not known. She died in 1932. She came from Wisconsin, and, at about the time they were married, she and Otto Julius moved to that state from Cincinnati, Ohio. The couple lived in Eau Claire, where, in 1891, Knaths was born. Soon after, they moved to Portage, Wisconsin, where, at about age 14, young Knaths began working for his uncle, George F. Dietrich, also a baker. Otto Julius died in 1908. Aged 17 at that time, Knaths was living with his uncle as well as apprenticed to him. Knaths had a sister, Olga, who was born December 9, 1893, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and who died January 18, 1981, in Madison, Wisconsin. She married a man named Frank Dunn and they had a son, Francis.
List of German supercentenarians
Karl Friedrich Wedeking (10 October 1862 – 5 May 1973) was the first German-born person to reach age 110 (as Ella Ille Rentel, who was the first German supercentenarian, was born in Lithuania) and when he died aged 110 years, 207 days, was also the world's oldest living man. He was born in Blomberg and died in Dortmund. He was one of the founding members of the gliders club, which was started in 1931 and is still active in Blomberg today.
Karl Dietrich Bracher
Bracher believed that totalitarianism, whether from the Left or Right, is the leading threat to democracy all over the world, and has argued that the differences between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany were of degree, not kind. Bracher is opposed to the notion of generic fascism and has often urged scholars to reject "totalitarian" fascism theory as championed by the "radical-left" in favour of "democratic" totalitarian theory as a means of explaining the Nazi dictatorship. In particular, Bracher has argued that Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany possessed such fundamental differences that any theory of generic fascism is not supported by the historical evidence. He is pro-American and was one of the few German professors to support fully the foreign policy of the United States during the Cold War. However, Bracher was in no way sympathetic towards Fascist Italy, writing about Benito Mussolini's rise: "Appealing to all classes by a combination of conservative and progressive, anti-communist and state socialist, reactionary and revolutionary aims" and making much use of "direct action", Mussolini "went to war with liberal democracy" in 1919. Bracher was a consistent advocate of the values of the Federal Republic, and its American ally against the values of East Germany and its Soviet patron. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s he often attacked left-wing and New Left intellectuals in particular for comparing the actions of the United States in the Vietnam War and the West German state to Nazi Germany. For Bracher, these attacks were both an absurd trivialization of Nazi crimes and a sinister attempt to advance the cause of Communism. Bracher argued that the defeatist and uncertain mood of the 1970s-80s in West Germany was not unlike the mood of the 1920s-30s. In 1969-74, Bracher supported the Social Democratic-Free Democrat government of Chancellor Willy Brandt and his policy of "Ostpolitik", arguing that it long overdue that the Federal Republic recognize the Oder-Neisse Line. By the mid-1970s, Bracher turned against the Social Democrats, arguing that far too many people in West Germany were naïve and blithely dismissive of the threat by Soviet Communism. Bracher always saw himself as a liberal, opposed to totalitarianism of both left and right, a standpoint that led him to attack both conservatives and Communists.
Karl Heinrich Frotscher
Karl Heinrich Frotscher (6 May 1796, in Weira – 9 April 1876, in Freiberg) was a German classical philologist, known for his scholarly editions of Xenophon, Cicero, Quintilian and Velleius.
Karl Ziegler
Karl Ziegler was born November 26, 1898 in Helsa near Kassel, Germany and was the second son of Karl Ziegler, a Lutheran minister, and Luise Rall Ziegler. He attended Kassel-Bettenhausen in elementary school. An introductory physics textbook first sparked Ziegler's interest in science. It drove him to perform experiments in his home and to read extensively beyond his high school curriculum. He was also introduced to many notable individuals through his father, including Emil Adolf von Behring, recognized for the diphtheria vaccine. His extra study and experimentation help explain why he received an award for most outstanding student in his final year at high school in Kassel, Germany. He studied at the University of Marburg and was able to omit his first two semesters of study due to his extensive background knowledge. His studies were interrupted however, as during 1918 he was deployed to the front as a soldier to serve in World War I. He received his Ph.D. in 1920, studying under Karl von Auwers. His dissertation was on "Studies on semibenzole and related links" which led to three publications.
Karl Fritzsch
Karl Fritzsch (10 July 1903 – reported missing 2 May 1945), was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era who served as an Auschwitz concentration camp deputy and substitute commander. According to Rudolf Höss, he first suggested using poisonous gas Zyklon B for the purpose of mass murder and experimented with the first gassings himself.
Ernst Brüche
Ernst Carl Reinhold Brüche (28 March 1900 in Hamburg – 8 February 1985 in Mosbach) was a German physicist. From 1944 to 1972, he was the editor of the Physikalische Blätter, a publication of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Karl Heinrich von Boetticher
Karl Heinrich von Boetticher (6 January 1833 – 6 March 1907) was a German conservative statesman. He served as Secretary of the Interior (1880–1897), and Vice Chancellor of Germany (1881–1897).
Karl Tomaschek
Karl Tomaschek (28 September 1828, in Iglau – 9 September 1878, in Wetterhöfl, near Iglau) was an Austrian literary historian, best known for his writings on Friedrich Schiller.
Carl Friedrich Echtermeier
Carl Friedrich Echtermeier, also known as Carl Echtermeier or Karl Echtermeyer, (27 October 1845 - 30 July 1910) was a German sculptor.