Who wrote Kanon?
Jun Maeda
After forming Key, Maeda worked on the music and scenario for their first title "Kanon" released in 1999, which proved to be very popular in the adult game market in Japan. Beside Maeda, the majority of "Kanon" scenario was written by Naoki Hisaya, but he quit Key shortly after "Kanon" was produced. Following this, Maeda wrote most of the scenario for Key's next title "Air", along with again working as the lyricist and one of the composers for the music featured in the game. After a period of four years in 2004, Key released their third and longest game "Clannad" where Maeda did a vast amount of the writing for the game; in all, Maeda put in around 75% of the work that went into the creation of "Clannad". Also in 2004, Maeda began writing his first manga entitled "Hibiki's Magic", which was first conceived as a short story he wrote as a student. In 2005, Maeda worked on the scenario and music for Key's fifth game "", followed by Key's sixth title "Little Busters!" released in July 2007 which he also worked on in regards to the scenario and music.
Kanon (visual novel)
Between June and August 2004, Ohzora also released five separate volumes of manga based on "Kanon" drawn by five separate artists. Ohzora later collected some of the previously published manga anthologies into two volumes titled "Kanon Anthology Comics Best Selection" released in December 2006 and January 2007. Additionally, Ohzora released another 13 volumes of an anthology series titled "Kanon" under their "Twin Heart Comics" label. The now-bankrupt publisher Raporto also released 21 manga anthology volumes titled "Kanon" under their "Raporto Comics" label between November 2000 and October 2002. The last manga anthology, a collection of four-panel comic strips released in a single volume by Enterbrain titled "Magi-Cu 4-koma Kanon", was released in January 2007 under their "MC Comics" label. Each of the anthology series are written and drawn by an average of 20 people per volume.
Kanon (visual novel)
Five adult light novels written by Mariko Shimizu and published by Paradigm were released in Japan between October 1999 and August 2000. The cover art and internal illustrations were drawn by Itaru Hinoue, the artist who drew the artwork in the visual novel. The basis for each novel was one of each of the five heroines and had titles that were taken from the musical themes pertaining to each character in the original game. The first two released were and in December 1999. The third was released in April 2000 and the fourth novel was titled "The Fox and the Grapes" (Makoto), released two months later. The final novel titled was released in August 2000. Paradigm re-released the five novels in conjunction with VisualArt's under their VA Bunko imprint, which removed the erotic scenes, starting with "Yuki no Shōjo" on June 27, 2009, and ending with "Hidamari no Machi" on December 26, 2009. To make up for the missing erotic content, Shimizu wrote additional content for each volume. A sixth novel titled for the supporting character Sayuri Kurata written by Shimizu and illustrated by Zen was released on March 31, 2011.
Milutin Milanković
Milanković spent two years arranging and writing the "Canon". The manuscript was submitted to print on 2 April 1941 – four days before the attack of Nazi Germany and its allies on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In the bombing of Belgrade on 6 April 1941, the printing house where his work was being printed was destroyed; however, almost all of the printed sheet paper remained undamaged in the printing warehouse. After the successful occupation of Serbia on 15 May 1941, two German officers and geology students came to Milanković in his house and brought greetings from Professor Wolfgang Soergel of Freiburg. Milanković gave them the only complete printed copy of the "Canon" to send to Soergel, to make certain that his work would be preserved. Milanković did not take part in the work of the university during the occupation, and after the war he was reinstated as professor.
Junius manuscript
The Junius manuscript is one of the four major codices of Old English literature. Written in the 10th century, it contains poetry dealing with Biblical subjects in Old English, the vernacular language of Anglo-Saxon England. Modern editors have determined that the manuscript is made of four poems, to which they have given the titles "Genesis", "Exodus", "Daniel", and "Christ and Satan". The identity of their author is unknown. For a long time, scholars believed them to be the work of Cædmon, accordingly calling the book the Cædmon manuscript. This theory has been discarded due to the significant differences between the poems.
Norman Cantor
Norman Frank Cantor (November 19, 1929 – September 18, 2004) was a Canadian-American historian who specialized in the medieval period. Known for his accessible writing and engaging narrative style, Cantor's books were among the most widely read treatments of medieval history in English. His textbook "The Civilization of the Middle Ages", first published in 1963, remains an all-time bestseller in the field.
Kanon (manga)
Written and illustrated by Chiho Saito, "Kanon" was serialised by Shogakukan in the shōjo manga magazine "Amici" from 1995 to 1997. The serial chapters were collected in six "tankōbon" volumes under the Flower Comics imprint. In 2003, Flower Comics re-released the manga in the three bunkobon volumes.
The Kanon Award
Best Director
Ivan Cankar
Ivan Cankar (, ) (10 May 1876 – 11 December 1918) was a Slovene writer, playwright, essayist, poet and political activist. Together with Oton Župančič, Dragotin Kette, and Josip Murn, he is considered as the beginner of modernism in Slovene literature. He is regarded as the greatest writer in the Slovene language, and has sometimes been compared to Franz Kafka and James Joyce.
The Canon of Medicine
William Osler described the "Canon" as "the most famous medical textbook ever written", noting that it remained "a medical bible for a longer time than any other work."
Canon (fiction)
The use of the word "canon" originated in reference to a set of texts derives from Biblical canon, the set of books regarded as scripture, as contrasted with non-canonical Apocrypha. The term was first used by analogy in the context of fiction to refer to the Sherlock Holmes stories and novels, written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, as contrasted with numerous Holmes adventures added later by other writers. This usage was afterwards extended to the writings of various other authors.
Canace (play)
Canace is a verse tragedy by Italian playwright Sperone Speroni (1500-1588). It is based on the Greek legend of Canace, the daughter of Aeolus, who was forced by her father to commit suicide for having fallen in love with her brother, Macar.
Kanon Pokajanen
The "eirmos" (Greek for "model" or "chain") is a paraphrase of one of the nine canticles found in Scripture, usually taking a specific verse or the general idea in the biblical song. Here are the list of the bibilical canticles with their traditional names:Normally the second ode is omitted owing to its severe nature. The most notable exception to this is in the Great Penitential Canon of St. Andrew of Crete which is chanted during Great Lent. In most canons, including the present one, there is no text written for Ode II and therefore there is not an Ode II in "Kanon Pokajanen". The numbering, however, does not change as shown in the outline below for the entire piece:"Kanon Pokajanen" exhibits characteristics of Pärt's tinntinabular style. The piece remains almost exclusively in D minor, deviating only in particularly expressive passages and sometimes final cadences (e.g. the piece ends with a Picardy third on D).Overall, the melodies and harmonies remain fairly static throughout the piece. Variation is created through alteration of the dispositions and roles of the various voice parts. The odes build toward each intermezzo section, treating it as a small climax. The Prayer after the Canon is the most intense of all the climaxes, paralleling the prayer's function.
List of Kanon episodes
The first anime adaptation under the title "Kanon" is produced by the Japanese animation studio Toei Animation, directed by Takamichi Itō, written by Ryota Yamaguchi, Makoto Nakamura, and Michiko Yokote, and features character design by Yōichi Ōnishi who based the designs on Itaru Hinoue's original concept. Thirteen episodes were produced which aired after midnight between January 31 and March 28, 2002 on the Fuji TV Japanese television network. Except for episodes three, four, and seven, the titles from the episodes are named for tracks on the visual novel's original soundtrack. The episodes were released to Region 2 DVD between April 1 and October 2, 2002 by Frontier Works. Spanning seven volumes, each volume contained two episodes except the first which had one. The series was re-released as a seven-disc DVD box set on December 22, 2004 by Frontier Works in limited and regular editions in Japan. In March 2003, an original video animation episode was released on DVD containing the single episode "Kanon Kazahana" also produced by Toei Animation and directed by Takamichi Ito. The episode is set at the same time as the last episode of the anime series. The DVD was released via a promotional campaign and was given to anyone who bought all seven DVDs for the first anime series. Two pieces of theme music are used for the episodes; one opening theme and one ending theme. The opening theme is "Florescence", and the ending theme is "Flower"; both songs are sung by Miho Fujiwara.
Gustave Kahn
Gustave Kahn (21 December 1859, in Metz – 5 September 1936, in Paris) was a French Symbolist poet and art critic. He was also active, via publishing and essay-writing, in defining Symbolism and distinguishing it from the Decadent Movement.
Georges Kan
Kan is the founder of the "Éditions musicales européennes" – EME (1994-2010) which have published nearly 500 works in fifteen years of activity, including the works of composers of the new generation such as Bernard Cavanna, Thierry Pécou, François Narboni, Paul Méfano, Alain Louvier, Johannes Schöllhorn, Alberto Posadas, Philippe Schoeller, José-Luis Campana, and Aureliano Cattaneo, — and those of composers of the beginning of the 20th century, including André Gedalge and Jacques de La Presle.
Kanon Pokajanen
Kanon Pokajanen is a 1997 composition by Arvo Pärt for four-part (SATB) choir. The text is the "Canon of Repentance to Our Lord Jesus Christ", an Orthodox hymn. The text is sung in Church Slavonic and following the tradition of Russian sacred choral music, it is sung a cappella.
Johann Arnold Kanne
Johann Arnold Kanne (31 May 1773, Detmold – 17 December 1824, Erlangen) was a German philologist and linguist. In his writings, he used the pseudonyms Johannes Author, Walther Bergius and Anton von Preußen.
Kanon (visual novel)
In the adult versions of the game, there are scenes with sexual CGs depicting Yuichi and a given heroine having sex. Later, Key released versions of "Kanon" without the erotic content. The versions that include the adult content have one explicit sex scene in each of the five main story routes, in addition to one fantasy scene. Outside of these, there are two scenes with nudity. Yūichi Suzumoto, a scenario writer who worked on later Key titles, commented that the sex scenes in "Kanon" are very self-contained, and can be easily removed without altering the story. Maeda remarked that the sex scenes were not written with reproduction in mind.
Der Kanon
In 2015, the author Hannes Bajohr published his "novel" "Durchschnitt" (Average) based on Reich-Ranicki's novel canon. For his book, he analyzed the texts of the twenty volume novel-box of the series, calculated their average sentence length (18 words), and, with the help of a computer script, generated a book that only contained these average sentences. He then sorted them alphabetically in chapters according to the letters of the alphabet.
John Q. Cannon
John Quayle Cannon (April 19, 1857 – January 14, 1931) was an editor-in-chief of the "Deseret News" in Salt Lake City, Utah, and a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He also served as a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army during the Spanish–American War. He was the son of LDS Church apostle George Q. Cannon and Elizabeth Hoagland. He was married to Elizabeth "Annie" Wells Cannon. Cannon is one of the few general authorities of the LDS Church to have been excommunicated.
John the Canon
John the Canon (Johannes Canonicus in Latin, born Francesc Marbres, first half of the fourteenth century), was a Catalan philosopher, theologian and Augustinian Canon.
Catena (biblical commentary)
In the West, Primasius of Adrumentum in the former Roman province of Africa in the sixth century compiled the first catena from Latin commentators. He was imitated by Rhabanus Maurus (d. 865), Paschasius Radbertus, and Walafrid Strabo, later by Remigius of Auxerre (d. 900), and by Lanfranc of Canterbury (d. 1089). The Western catenae have had less importance attached to them. The most famous of the medieval Latin compilations of this kind is that of Thomas Aquinas, generally known as the "Catena aurea" (Golden chain) and containing excerpts from some eighty Greek and Latin commentators on the Gospels. Thomas composed the parts of his "Catena aurea" treating the gospels of Mark, Luke, and John while directing the Roman "studium" of the Dominican Order at the convent of Santa Sabina, the forerunner of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, "Angelicum".
The Kanon Award
Best Editing
Kane (fantasy)
Kane is a literary character created by Karl Edward Wagner in a series of sword and sorcery novels and short stories first published between 1970 and 1985. The stories are set in a grim, pre-medieval world which is nonetheless ancient and rich in history. In some of Wagner's later stories Kane appears in the present day — for example, as a drug dealer in "Lacunae" and as a somewhat suspect publishing magnate in "At First Just Ghostly".
Richard Kroner
Richard Kroner (8 March 1884 in Breslau – 2 November 1974 in Mammern) was a German neo-Hegelian philosopher, known for his "Von Kant bis Hegel" (1921/4), a classic history of German idealism written from the neo-Hegelian point of view. He was a Christian, from a Jewish background. He is known for his formulation of Hegel as 'the Protestant Aquinas'.
1917 Code of Canon Law
The new code was completed in 1916. The code was promulgated on 27 May 1917, Pentecost Sunday, as the Code of Canon Law () by Pius' successor, Pope Benedict XV, who set 19 May 1918 as the date on which it came into force. For the most part, it applied only to the Latin Church except when "it treats of things that, by their nature, apply to the Oriental", such as the effects of baptism (canon 87). It contained 2,414 canons.
On 15 September 1917, by the "motu proprio" "Cum Iuris Canonici", Pope Benedict XV made provision for a Pontifical Commission charged with interpreting the code and making any necessary modifications as later legislation was issued. New laws would be appended to existing canons in new paragraphs or inserted between canons, repeating the number of the previous canon and adding "bis", "ter", etc. (e.g. "canon 1567"bis"" in the style of the civil law) so as not to subvert the ordering of the code, or the existing text of a canon would be completely supplanted. The numbering of the canons was not to be altered.
Christian biblical canons
Augustine called three synods on canonicity: the Synod of Hippo in 393, the Council of Carthage (397), and the Council of Carthage (419). (M 237-8). Each of these reiterated the same Church law: "nothing shall be read in church under the name of the divine scriptures" except the Old Testament (arguably including the books later called Deuterocanonicals) and the canonical books of the New Testament. These decrees also declared by fiat that Epistle to the Hebrews was written by Paul, for a time ending all debate on the subject.
Cena Cypriani
While on linguistic grounds nobody argues anymore that Saint Cyprian is the author, attempts have been made to attribute the work to other authors. One of the first to study the piece carefully was Adolf von Harnack, who argued for it having been written by the poet Cyprianus Gallus on the grounds of its using the "Acta Pauli". This view is endorsed by H. Brewer, but opposed by Willy Hass, who argues that Cyprianus and the "Cena" author made use of different versions of the Bible. Despite this, Hass agrees that on textual evidence the "Cena" it came from northern Italy. A different attribution has been made by Lapôtre, who claimed the work to be a satire directed toward Julian the Apostate by the poet Bachiarius.
Canon law of the Catholic Church
By the 19th century, the body of canonical legislation included some 10,000 norms. Many of these were difficult to reconcile with one another due to changes in circumstances and practice. The situation impelled Pope St. Pius X to order the creation of the first Code of Canon Law, a single volume of clearly stated laws. Under the aegis of the Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law was completed under Benedict XV, who promulgated the Code on 27 May 1917, effective on 29 May 1918. The work having been begun by Pius X, it was sometimes called the "Pio-Benedictine Code" but more often the 1917 Code to distinguish it from the later 1983 Code which replaced it. In its preparation, centuries of material was examined, scrutinized for authenticity by leading experts, and harmonized as much as possible with opposing canons and even other codes, from the Code of Justinian to the Napoleonic Code.
Polykleitos
Polykleitos consciously created a new approach to sculpture, writing a treatise ("Kanon") and designing a male nude (also known as "Kanon") exemplifying his aesthetic theories of the mathematical bases of artistic perfection. These expressions motivated Kenneth Clark to place him among "the great puritans of art": Polykleitos' "Kanon" "got its name because it had a precise commensurability ("symmetria") of all the parts to one another" "His general aim was clarity, balance, and completeness; his sole medium of communication the naked body of an athlete, standing poised between movement and repose" Kenneth Clark observed. Though the "Kanon" was probably represented by his "Doryphoros", the original bronze statue has not survived. References to it in other ancient writings, however, imply that its main principle was expressed by the Greek words "symmetria", the Hippocratic principle of "isonomia" ("equilibrium"), and "rhythmos". "Perfection, he said, comes about little by little ("para mikron") through many numbers". By this Polykleitos meant that a statue should be composed of clearly definable parts, all related to one another through a system of ideal mathematical proportions and balance.
Mathematics and art
The influence of the "Canon" of Polykleitos is immense in Classical Greek, Roman, and Renaissance sculpture, many sculptors following Polykleitos's prescription. While none of Polykleitos's original works survive, Roman copies demonstrate his ideal of physical perfection and mathematical precision. Some scholars argue that Pythagorean thought influenced the "Canon" of Polykleitos. The "Canon" applies the basic mathematical concepts of Greek geometry, such as the ratio, proportion, and "symmetria" (Greek for "harmonious proportions") and turns it into a system capable of describing the human form through a series of continuous geometric progressions.
Byzantine music
By the end of the seventh century with the reform of 692, the kontakion, Romanos' genre was overshadowed by a certain monastic type of homiletic hymn, the canon and its prominent role it played within the cathedral rite of the Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Essentially, the kanon, as it is known since 8th century, is a hymnodic complex composed of nine odes that were originally attached to the nine Biblical canticles and to which they were related by means of corresponding poetic allusion or textual quotation (see the section about the biblical odes). Out of the custom of canticle recitation, monastic reformers at Constantinople, Jerusalem and Mount Sinai developed a new homiletic genre whose verses in the complex ode meter were composed over a melodic model: the heirmos.
Wilfried Kanon
Ivory Coast
The Kanon Award
Best Producer: "Martin Sundland" and "Magne Lyngner" - Fritt Vilt
The Kanon Award
Best Sound Design
Philip Cannon (composer)
Cannon's other works include; three operas ("Morvoren" (1964), "The Man from Venus" (1967), and "Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde") (a commission for BBC TV, 1973), 2 symphonies, various instrumental pieces including his "Concertino" for piano & strings (1949), his clarinet quintet "Logos" (another BBC commission, 1977), and a "Septain" (1995) originally created for the pianist John Ogdon., together with a number of works for voice, notably his song cycles "Songs to Delight" (1950), and "Six Birdsongs" (1993).
Music of Kanon
"TV Animation Edition Kanon Soundtrack Volume 1" is the first original soundtrack released for the first "Kanon" anime series and was released on May 5, 2002 in Japan by Movic bearing the catalog number "MACM-1155". The soundtrack contains one disc totaling thirty-one songs composed, arranged, and produced by Shinji Orito, Jun Maeda, OdiakeS, Kōji Ueno, and Hiroyuki Kōzu. Miho Fujiwara provides vocals for two songs, "Florescence" and "Flower". Some of the tracks are new arrangements of music featured in the "Kanon" visual novel. The first edition release of the soundtrack came in a tall case, the same type for a DVD.
Kūkai
Kūkai is famous as a calligrapher and engineer. Among the many achievements attributed to him is the invention of the "kana," the syllabary with which, in combination with Chinese characters ("kanji"), the Japanese language is written to this day. Also according to tradition, the "Iroha", which uses every phonetic "kana" syllable just once and is one of the most famous poems in Japanese, is attributed to him but again, this is a popular belief and nowhere attested to. His religious writings, some fifty works, expound the Esoteric Shingon doctrine. The major ones have been translated into English by Yoshito Hakeda (see references below).
Music of Kanon
The "Kanon Original Soundtrack", from the visual novel "Kanon", was first released on October 25, 2002 in Japan by Key Sounds Label bearing the catalog number "KSLA-0006". The soundtrack contains one disc totaling twenty-four songs composed, arranged, and produced by Jun Maeda, Shinji Orito, OdiakeS, and Kazuya Takase of I've Sound. Ayana provides vocals for two songs, "Last regrets" and "Kaze no Tadoritsuku Basho". The first half of the last track is the short version of "Kaze no Tadoritsuku Basho", and after a lengthy pause a hidden track of an arrange version of "Yuki no Shōjo" plays which was originally featured in the album "Anemoscope".
Canon of the Mass
Canon of the Mass (Latin: "Canon Missæ", "Canon Actionis") is the name given in the Roman Missal, from the first typical edition of Pope Pius V in 1570 to that of Pope John XXIII in 1962, to the part of the Mass of the Roman Rite that begins after the Sanctus with the words "Te igitur". All editions preceding that of 1962 place the indication "Canon Missae" at the head of each page from that point until the end of the Mass; that of 1962 does so only until the page preceding the Pater Noster and places the heading "Ordo Missae" on the following pages.
Canons of the Apostles
Most modern critics agree that they could not have been composed before the Council of Antioch of 341, some twenty of whose canons they quote; nor even before the latter end of the 4th century, since they are certainly posterior to the Apostolic Constitutions. Franz Xaver von Funk, admittedly a foremost authority on the latter and all similar early canonical texts, locates the composition of the Apostolic Canons in the 5th century, near the year 400. Thereby he approaches the opinion of his scholarly predecessor, Johann Sebastian Drey, the first among modern writers to study profoundly these ancient canons; he distinguished two editions of them, a shorter one (fifty) about the middle of the 5th century, and a longer one (eighty-five) early in the 6th century. Von Funk admits but one edition. They were certainly current in the Eastern Church in the first quarter of the 6th century, for about 520 Severus of Antioch quotes canons 21-23.
Hermann Kant
Hermann Kant (June 14, 1926 – August 14, 2016) was a German writer noted for his writings during the time of East Germany. He won the Heinrich Mann Prize in 1967.
History of cannon
The earliest European references to gunpowder are found in Roger Bacon's "Opus Majus" from 1267.
Maxence Caron
Maxence Caron is the author of literary texts and poems and of several works about German thinking (Martin Heidegger, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel) and about saint Augustine. 
Pianist, musicologist, Maxence Caron graduated with honours from the Conservatoire National de Paris in 1990.
Qene
Although Saint Yared was the earliest composer of Qəne, he does not appear to have set the forms and meters for the genre. There are, in fact, several possible candidates deemed responsible. One possibility lies with Qəne scholars during the reign of Emperor Eskender (1478-1494) - Hawira, Menkera, Eskendera, Poeskenedera and Abidira. Another explanation – commonly referred to as the Wadla claim – attributes it to an early 15th-century scholar from Wadla named Yohannəs Geblawi. And then there is the Gonj claim - attributing the deed to a certain Täwanäy who flourished after the 15th century. Täwanäy is alleged to have learned his Qəne alongside Wäldä Mariam from a certain Eliab, who in turn learned it from alongside Lehib from Sämrä Ab, who in turn learned it from Yohannəs Geblawi.
List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach printed during his lifetime
In 1731 these partitas were collectively published as Clavier-Übung ("Keyboard Exercise").
Bach's "Canon mit 4" (canon for four voices), BWV 1074, was published in Georg Philipp Telemann's in 1728. This canon was also published with two solutions in Johann Mattheson's "Der vollkommene Capellmeister" in 1739, and with three solutions in Volume 3 of Lorenz Christoph Mizler's in 1747.
Alexander Cannon (psychiatrist)
James Alexander Cannon (4 August 1896 – 18 March 1963) was a British psychiatrist, occultist, hypnotist and author. He became well known in the 1930s for his occult writings and claims, and more recently for his alleged influence on King Edward VIII shortly before his abdication.
Canon law
Greek "kanon" / , Arabic Qaanoon / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed" ("cf." the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane").
Canon law of the Catholic Church
The word "canon" comes from the Greek "kanon", which in its original usage denoted a straight rod, was later used for a measuring stick, and eventually came to mean a rule or norm. In 325, when the first ecumenical council, Nicaea I, was held, "kanon" started to obtain the restricted juridical denotation of a law promulgated by a synod or ecumenical council, as well as that of an individual bishop.
Kanoon (1943 film)
Kanoon also called The Law is a 1943 Hindi/Urdu social film directed by A. R. Kardar. It was produced by Kardar for "Kardar Productions". The music director was Naushad who after "Sharda" (1942), once again made a young Suraiya give playback for Mehtab. The story was by Qabli Amritsari with screenplay and lyrics by D. N. Madhok. The film starred Shahu Modak, Mehtab, Gajanan Jagirdar, Nirmala Devi, Ulhas and Badri Prasad.
Don Juan (poem)
Don Juan (; see below) is a satiric poem by Lord Byron, based on the legend of Don Juan, which Byron reverses, portraying Juan not as a womaniser but as someone easily seduced by women. It is a variation on the epic form. Byron himself called it an "Epic Satire" (Don Juan, c. xiv, st. 99). Byron completed 16 cantos, leaving an unfinished 17th canto before his death in 1824. Byron claimed that he had no ideas in his mind as to what would happen in subsequent cantos as he wrote his work.
Charles-Louis Hanon
Charles-Louis Hanon (2 July 181919 March 1900) was a French piano pedagogue and composer. He is best known for his work "The Virtuoso Pianist in 60 Exercises", which is still used today for modern piano teaching, but over the years the method has also faced criticisms. He was born in Renescure, France in 1819, and died in Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1900.
Cannon
There is a record of a gun in Europe dating to 1322 being discovered in the nineteenth century but the artifact has since been lost. The earliest known European depiction of a gun appeared in 1326 in a manuscript by Walter de Milemete, although not necessarily drawn by him, known as "De Nobilitatibus, sapientii et prudentiis regum" (Concerning the Majesty, Wisdom, and Prudence of Kings), which displays a gun with a large arrow emerging from it and its user lowering a long stick to ignite the gun through the touchole In the same year, another similar illustration showed a darker gun being set off by a group of knights, which also featured in another work of de Milemete's, "De secretis secretorum Aristotelis". On 11 February of that same year, the Signoria of Florence appointed two officers to obtain "canones de mettallo" and ammunition for the town's defense. In the following year a document from the Turin area recorded a certain amount was paid "for the making of a certain instrument or device made by Friar Marcello for the projection of pellets of lead." A reference from 1331 describes an attack mounted by two Germanic knights on Cividale del Friuli, using gunpowder weapons of some sort. The 1320s seem to have been the takeoff point for guns in Europe according to most modern military historians. Scholars suggest that the lack of gunpowder weapons in a well-traveled Venetian's catalogue for a new crusade in 1321 implies that guns were unknown in Europe up until this point, further solidifying the 1320 mark, however more evidence in this area may be forthcoming in the future.
Howard Cannon (author)
Howard Cannon (born July 29, 1964) is an American author, consultant, motivational speaker, and expert witness in restaurant and bar matters. Cannon is the author of "Restaurant OSHA Safety and Security: The Book of Restaurant Industry Standards and Best Practices" (2016) and "The Complete Idiot's Guide to Starting Your Own Restaurant" (2011), among others. Cannon writes and speaks about restaurant safety, as well as the management and starting of restaurants and bars.
Canon of the Mass
One can only conjecture the original reason for the use of the term "Canon". Walafrid Strabo says: "This action is called the Canon because it is the lawful and regular confection of the Sacrament." Benedict XIV says: "Canon is the same word as rule; the Church uses this name to mean that the Canon of the Mass is the firm rule according to which the Sacrifice of the New Testament is to be celebrated." It has been suggested that the present Canon was a compromise between the older Greek Anaphoras and variable Latin Eucharistic prayers formerly used in Rome, and that it was ordered in the fourth century, possibly by Pope Damasus I (366–84). The name Canon would then mean a fixed standard to which all must henceforth conform, as opposed to the different and changeable prayers used before. In any case it is noticeable that whereas the lessons, collects, and Preface of the Mass constantly vary, the Canon is almost unchangeable in every Mass. Another name for the Canon is Actio. "Agere", like the Greek "dran", is often used as meaning to sacrifice. Leo I, in writing to Dioscorus of Alexandria, uses the expression "in qua [sc. basilica] agitur", meaning "in which Mass is said". Other names are Legitimum, Prex, Agenda, Regula, Secretum Missæ.
James Cannon (mathematician)
James Cannon (1740–1782) was a Scottish-born American mathematician, and one of the principal draftsmen of the 1776 Constitution of the State of Pennsylvania.
Christian culture
The list of Catholic authors and literary works is vast. With a literary tradition spanning two millennia, the Bible and Papal Encyclicals have been constants of the Catholic canon but countless other historical works may be listed as noteworthy in terms of their influence on Western society. From late Antiquity, St Augustine's book Confessions, which outlines his sinful youth and conversion to Christianity, is widely considered to be the first autobiography of ever written in the canon of Western Literature. Augustine profoundly influenced the coming medieval worldview. The "Summa Theologica", written 1265–1274, is the best-known work of Thomas Aquinas (c.1225–1274), and although unfinished, "one of the classics of the history of philosophy and one of the most influential works of Western literature." It is intended as a manual for beginners in theology and a compendium of all of the main theological teachings of the Church. It presents the reasoning for almost all points of Christian theology in the West. The epic poetry of the Italian Dante and his "Divine Comedy" of the late Middle Ages is also considered immensely influential. The English statesman and philosopher, Thomas More, wrote the seminal work Utopia in 1516. St Ignatius Loyola, a key figure in the Catholic counter-reformation, is the author of an influential book of meditations known as the "Spiritual Exercises".
The Kanon Award
Best Writer: Aksel Hennie - UNO
Cosmas of Maiuma
As a learned prose-author, Cosmas wrote commentaries, or "scholia", on the poems of St. Gregory of Nazianzus. He is regarded with great admiration as a poet. St. Cosmas and St. John of Damascus are considered to be the best representatives of the later Greek classical hymnography, the most characteristic examples of which are the artistic liturgical chants known as "canons". They worked together on developing the Octoechos.
The Kanon Award
Best Writer: "Per Schreiner" - "Den brysomme mannen"
Christian Wolff (composer)
Wolff was born in Nice, France, to the German literary publishers Helen and Kurt Wolff, who had published works by Franz Kafka, Robert Musil, and Walter Benjamin. After relocating to the U.S. in 1941, they helped to found Pantheon Books with other European intellectuals who had fled Europe during the rise of fascism. The Wolffs published a series of notable English translations of European literature, mostly, as well as an edition of the "I Ching" that came to greatly impress John Cage after Wolff had given him a copy.
Development of the New Testament canon
Augustine effectively forced his opinion on the Church by commanding three synods on canonicity: the Synod of Hippo in 393, the Synod of Carthage (397), and another in Carthage in 419 AD (M 237-8). Each of these reiterated the same Church law: "nothing shall be read in church under the name of the divine scriptures" except the Old Testament (including the Deuterocanonicals) and the 27 canonical books of the New Testament. It seems these decrees also declared by fiat that Epistle to the Hebrews was written by Paul, for a time ending all debate on the subject.
John the Canon
Only John the Canon's extensive commentary on Aristotle's "Physics" has survived ("Quaestiones libri Physicorum"). John's commentary seems to have been inspired by Duns Scotus, who himself never seems to have written an independent treatise on physics. Recent research has shown that John extensively cites other authors in his questions, which makes him a privileged source for the study of fourteenth century philosophy and theology. Among the authors cited are Gerardus Odonis, Thomas Wilton, Walter Burley and Petrus Thomae. In many of these cases, John's treatise, which was moderately famous in his own time, was better known than these author's own works.
List of Kanon episodes
Twenty-four episodes were produced for the second "Kanon" anime series by Kyoto Animation and directed by Tatsuya Ishihara. The episodes were broadcast between October 2006 and March 2007, and were later released to Region 2 DVD between January and August 2007 by Pony Canyon in limited and regular editions containing three episodes per volume. While the plot does not differ from the first anime, the greater number of episodes allows the inclusion of more detail from the visual novel on which the series is based. The second anime series was licensed for North American distribution by Funimation Entertainment. The episodes were released on Region 1 DVDs in six volumes between January and October 2008, and a box set containing the entire series was released in April 2009.
Canaanism
The political influence of the Canaanites was limited, but their influence on literary and intellectual life in Israel was great. Among the avowed Canaanites were the poet Yonatan Ratosh and thinkers such as Edya Horon. A series of articles which Horon published in the journal "Keshet" in 1965 were compiled after his death into a book and published in 2000. These articles constituted political and cultural manifestos that sought to create a direct connection between Semitic culture from the second millennium BCE and contemporary Israeli culture, relying on advancements in the fields of archeology and research of Semitic languages in linguistics.
Western canon
In classical music, during the nineteenth century a "canon" developed which focused on what was felt to be the most important works written since 1600, with a great concentration on the later part of this period, termed the Classical period, which is generally taken to begin around 1750. After Beethoven, the major nineteenth-century composers include Robert Schumann, Frédéric Chopin, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, Johannes Brahms, Anton Bruckner, Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini, and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.
The Kanon Award
Best Innovation
The Kanon Award
Best Producer
Salomon Maimon
It was not until 1787 in Berlin that Maimon became acquainted with Kantian philosophy, and in 1790 he published the "Essay on Transcendental Philosophy" ("Versuch über die Transcendentalphilosophie"), in which he formulated his objections to Kant's system. Kant seems to have considered Maimon one of his most astute critics. Maimon published a commentary on the "Moreh Nebuchim" of Maimonides in 1791 ("Gibeath Hamore", "The Hill of the Guide"). In 1792/3 he published his "Autobiography" ("Lebensgeschichte").
Naoki Hisaya
, born , is a Japanese screenwriter who has worked for Tactics, Key and Siesta, but as of 2006, he is a freelance writer. He is well known for being the main writer of the popular visual novel "Kanon" while working under Key. Additional works include "Moon", "", and "Moon Childe". He is also known for being the original concept writer for "Sola" and "Sora no Method". He also does work in a dōjin circle named Cork Board.
Kanon (visual novel)
The first "Kanon" manga illustrated by Petit Morishima was serialized in MediaWorks' manga magazine "Dengeki Daioh" between the February 2000 and July 2002 issues. The individual chapters were later collected into two separate "tankōbon" volumes published by MediaWorks under their "Dengeki Comics" imprint released in September 2000 and on July 27, 2002. There are six chapters in total, three in each volume. Aside from the prologue in volume one and the epilogue in volume two, the other four chapters concern four of the main heroines. From chapters one through four, the main heroines presented are: Shiori Misaka, Makoto Sawatari, Mai Kawasumi and Ayu Tsukimiya. To make up for Nayuki not getting a chapter of her own, the story is altered in that Nayuki is in most of the scenes Yuichi is in. The first manga is different from the visual novel in that Shiori's, Makoto's, and Mai's stories are not told in their entirety. Near the end of each of these girls' stories were originally intended to give the viewer the remaining answers, but the manga version ends these girls' stories prematurely. This was due to the manga putting more focus on Ayu's story.
Erich Adickes
Erich Adickes (29 June 1866, Lesum – 8 July 1928, Tübingen) - German philosopher who wrote many important works on Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and the Kantian philosophy. Adickes was a critical empiricist (moderate Kantian).
Qanun (law)
Qanun is an Arabic word (, "qānūn"; , "kānūn", derived from "kanōn", which is also the root for the modern English word "canon"). It can refer to laws established by Muslim sovereigns, in particular the body of administrative, economic and criminal law promulgated by Ottoman sultans, in contrast to sharia, the body of law elaborated by Muslim jurists. It is thus frequently translated as "dynastic law". The idea of "kanun" first entered the Muslim World in the thirteenth century, as it was borrowed from the Mongol Empire in the aftermath of their invasions. The 10th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Suleiman was known in the Ottoman Empire as Suleiman Kanuni ("the Lawgiver"), due to his code of laws.
Kanon (visual novel)
"Kanon" is a romance visual novel in which the player assumes the role of Yuichi Aizawa. Much of its gameplay is spent on reading the story's narrative and dialogue. "Kanon" follows a branching plot line with multiple endings, and depending on the decisions that the player makes during the game, the plot will progress in a specific direction.
Symphony No. 23 (Haydn)
In the Minuet, Haydn writes the movement as a canon between the higher voices (violins and oboes) and lower voices (violas and cellos) at an interval of a single bar. Haydn had written such a canon in the minuet of his third symphony and similar canons would be later be written into G major minuets by Michael Haydn and Mozart. Haydn himself would later develop this technique into the "Canones in Diapason" of the minuet of his Trauer Symphony and the "Witches Minuet" of his D minor string quartet from Op. 76.
Elizabeth Kane
Elizabeth Dennistoun Wood Kane (12 May 1836 – 25 May 1909) was a British-American physician, writer, philanthropist, and women's rights activist. She was one of the first students to attend the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania. Her writing supported the part her husband, Thomas Kane, played in the lobbying efforts to prevent the Poland Bill from persecuting members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who were practicing plural marriage at the time.
Canon (hymnography)
The canon dates from the 7th century and was either devised or introduced into the Greek language by St. Andrew of Crete, whose penitential "Great Canon" is still used on certain occasions during Great Lent. It was further developed in the 8th century by Sts. John of Damascus and Cosmas of Jerusalem, and in the 9th century by Sts. Joseph the Hymnographer and Theophanes the Branded.
Kanoon
Kanoon (Hindi: कानून, Urdu: قانون ; translation: The Law) is a 1960 Indian Hindi film directed by B.R. Chopra. The film stars Rajendra Kumar, Nanda, Ashok Kumar, Mehmood, Shashikala, Jeevan and Om Prakash. The film presents a case against capital punishment, arguing that witnesses may be genuinely deceived, and their consequent inadvertently tendered false testimony may lead someone wrongly to the gallows.
Calov Bible
The "Calov Bible" was made famous with the discovery of a long-lost copy that had once belonged to the composer Johann Sebastian Bach. At the time of his death, the inventory of Bach's library specified ownership of "" (writings of Calovius). It was not known until the 20th century what these writings were.
John Calvin bibliography
The French Reformer John Calvin (1509–1564) was a theological writer who produced many sermons, biblical commentaries, letters, theological treatises, and other works. Although nearly all of Calvin's adult life was spent in Geneva (1536–38 and 1541–64), his publications spread his ideas of a properly reformed church to many parts of Europe and from there to the rest of the world. It is especially on account of his voluminous publications that he exerts such a lasting influence over Christianity and Western history.
List of Kanon episodes
The second anime adaptation also under the title "Kanon" is produced by the Japanese animation studio Kyoto Animation, directed by Tatsuya Ishihara, written by Fumihiko Shimo, and features character design by Kazumi Ikeda who based the designs on Itaru Hinoue's original concept. On August 25, 2006, a teaser DVD named "Kanon Prelude" was produced as a limited edition containing interviews with the cast, clean opening and ending sequences, and promotional footage of the anime itself. Twenty-four episodes were produced which aired between October 5, 2006 and March 15, 2007 on the Japanese television broadcasting station BS-i. While the plot does not differ from the first anime, the greater number of episodes allows the inclusion of more detail from the visual novel on which the series is based. The episodes were released to Region 2 DVD between January 1 and August 1, 2007 by Pony Canyon in limited and regular editions containing three episodes per volume. Pony Canyon released a Blu-ray Disc box set on December 16, 2009 in Japan.
Juan Alfonso de Baena
Juan Alfonso de Baena (?–c. 1435) was a medieval Castilian poet and scribe in the court of Juan II of Castile. Baena, who was a converso (a Jewish convert to Christianity), is best known for compiling and contributing to the "Cancionero de Baena", an important medieval anthology composed between 1426 and 1465 containing the poems of over 55 Spanish poets who wrote during the reigns of Enrique II, Juan I, and Enrique III, and Juan II. 
Not much is known of Juan Alfonso de Baena's life. However, it is known that Baena was born in the late 14th century in the town of Baena in Córdoba, Spain to Jewish parents. According to research by José Manuel Nieto Cumplido, Baena's father was named Pero López and he grew up in the former Jewish quarter of Baena. Other members of Baena's family, including his wife, children and nephew, were also uncovered during this research. Nieto Cumplido discovered that Baena's wife was called Elvira Fernández de Cárdenas, who was the daughter of Lope Ruiz de Cárdenas and María López de Luna. Baena and his wife had at least two children, one also named Juan Alfonso de Baena and the second named Diego de Carmona. Additionally, Baena's nephew (the son of Baena's brother Fernando Alonso de Baena), Antón de Montoro, was a fellow poet. Montoro was a used-clothes dealer called a "ropero" who also enjoyed wealthy patrons and used his talent at self-deprecating rhymes that highlighted his unfortunate appearance and Jewish blood. 
Baena's hometown is responsible for his last name, as it was not uncommon for people to take their last names from their home regions. This practice was also sometimes utilized by "conversos" when they took on Christian names. Baena is said to have converted from Judaism to Christianity as a result of the first pogroms in 1391, making him one of the many "conversos" who converted during this era. From his own poems documented in the "Cancionero de San Román", it can be deduced that Baena was not only born in Baena, but was educated there. In this poem that references his education and upbringing, Baena writes,
Kanon (singer)
Kanon was born in Japan and lived much of her childhood abroad. Growing up in a western world led her to pick up many such habits and customs, one of which includes a fluent tongue in English. She began participating in a choir at age 13, in which she acquired a fair amount of interest in classical vocalization as well as vocal technique. Kanon grew to appreciate famous composers such as Handel and Chopin. Little did she know that this timely love of classical music would mature and blossom into what will become the cornerstone of her career as an artist.
Philosophy of mind
Immanuel Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason", first published in 1781 and presented again with major revisions in 1787, represents a significant intervention into what will later become known as the philosophy of mind. Kant's first critique is generally recognized as among the most significant works of modern philosophy in the West. Kant is a figure whose influence is marked in both continental and analytic/Anglo-American philosophy. Kant's work develops an in-depth study of transcendental consciousness, or the life of the mind as conceived through universal categories of consciousness.
Music of Kanon
All songs arranged by Hiroyuki Kōzu.
"Last regrets / Kaze no Tadoritsuku Basho" is a single released in commemoration of the "Kanon" anime by Kyoto Animation. It was first released on December 28, 2006 in Japan by Key Sounds Label bearing the catalog number "KSLA-0026". The single contains original, short, and arrange versions of "Kanon"s two theme songs "Last regrets" and "Kaze no Tadoritsuku Basho" sung by Ayana. The tracks are composed, arranged, and produced by Jun Maeda, Shinji Orito, Kazuya Takase of I've Sound, and Manack.
Out to Canaan
Out to Canaan is a novel written by American author Jan Karon. It is the fourth book of "The Mitford Years" series.As the story of Father Tim's Episcopalian Mitford parish continues, he finds himself in the very thick of things. Far from the bachelor life he knew for 62 years, he now finds himself opening his home to a myriad of friends, neighbors, and other lost souls, each giving new meaning to his God-centered life.
Kan (song)
"Kan" (Hebrew script: כאן, English translation: "Here"), was the Israeli entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, performed in Hebrew by Duo Datz. Its lyrics and melody were written by Israeli songwriter Uzi Hitman.
The Kane Chronicles
The Kane Chronicles is a trilogy of adventure and Egyptian mythological fiction books written by American author Rick Riordan. The series is set in the same universe as Riordan's other franchises, "Camp Half-Blood Chronicles" and "Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard".
Gustave Kahn
In addition to his poems, Kahn was a public intellectual who wrote novels, plays, and literary criticism. He was also extremely influential as a publisher of symbolist writing. Together with Félix Fénéon and Leo d'Orfer, both critics, Kahn founded and then directed "La Vogue" in 1886. Through that magazine, Kahn and his partners were able to influence the careers of developing decadent writers such as Jules Laforgue, as well as to inject new life into the careers of established figures such as Arthur Rimbaud, whose "Les Illuminations" manuscript was published in its pages. Together with Jean Moréas, he also founded and directed "Le Symboliste", a short-lived journal intended as a counter-point to Anatole Bajule's "Le Décadent", which they viewed as a false and exploitative publication that represented a vain, shallow mockery of symbolist thought. He played a key role in a number of other periodicals, including "La Revue Indépendante", "La Revue Blanche" and "Le Mercure de France".
Thomas Cannon
Thomas Cannon of Gray's Inn was an English author of the 18th century. He wrote what may be the earliest published defence of homosexuality in English, "Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplify'd" (1749) and may also have collaborated with John Cleland, author of "Fanny Hill".
Cosmas of Maiuma
Saint Cosmas has been called "a vessel of divine grace" and "the glory of the Church." He composed the solemn canons for Matins of Lazarus Saturday, Palm Sunday, the Triodes (canons with only three Canticles) which are chanted during Holy Week, the first canon of the Nativity (based on a Nativity sermon by St. Gregory the Theologian), and is known for his finest work, ""Canon for Christmas Day"". Altogether, fourteen canons are attributed to him in the liturgical books of the Orthodox Church. His most well-known composition is "More honourable than the cherubim…" (which is included in the "Axion Estin"), sung regularly at Matins, the Divine Liturgy and other services.
Immanuel Kant
In 1792, Kant's attempt to publish the Second of the four Pieces of "Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason", in the journal "Berlinische Monatsschrift", met with opposition from the King's censorship commission, which had been established that same year in the context of the French Revolution. Kant then arranged to have all four pieces published as a book, routing it through the philosophy department at the University of Jena to avoid the need for theological censorship. This insubordination earned him a now famous reprimand from the King. When he nevertheless published a second edition in 1794, the censor was so irate that he arranged for a royal order that required Kant never to publish or even speak publicly about religion. Kant then published his response to the King's reprimand and explained himself, in the preface of "The Conflict of the Faculties".
He also wrote a number of semi-popular essays on history, religion, politics and other topics. These works were well received by Kant's contemporaries and confirmed his preeminent status in 18th-century philosophy. There were several journals devoted solely to defending and criticizing Kantian philosophy. Despite his success, philosophical trends were moving in another direction. Many of Kant's most important disciples and followers (including Reinhold, Beck and Fichte) transformed the Kantian position into increasingly radical forms of idealism. The progressive stages of revision of Kant's teachings marked the emergence of German Idealism. Kant opposed these developments and publicly denounced Fichte in an open letter in 1799. It was one of his final acts expounding a stance on philosophical questions. In 1800, a student of Kant named Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1762–1842) published a manual of logic for teachers called "Logik", which he had prepared at Kant's request. Jäsche prepared the "Logik" using a copy of a textbook in logic by Georg Friedrich Meier entitled "Auszug aus der Vernunftlehre", in which Kant had written copious notes and annotations. The "Logik" has been considered of fundamental importance to Kant's philosophy, and the understanding of it. The great 19th-century logician Charles Sanders Peirce remarked, in an incomplete review of Thomas Kingsmill Abbott's English translation of the introduction to "Logik", that "Kant's whole philosophy turns upon his logic." Also, Robert Schirokauer Hartman and Wolfgang Schwarz, wrote in the translators' introduction to their English translation of the "Logik", "Its importance lies not only in its significance for the "Critique of Pure Reason", the second part of which is a restatement of fundamental tenets of the "Logic", but in its position within the whole of Kant's work."
Der Kanon
The edited anthology takes the series title, "Der Kanon. Die deutsche Literatur" (The Canon of German Literature) in book form with slip cases.
180 Novellas, short Stories, Parables, Fairy Tales, Legends, and "Kalendergeschichte".
The Kanon Award
Best Writer
Immanuel Kant
Kant discusses the subjective nature of aesthetic qualities and experiences in "Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime" (1764). Kant's contribution to aesthetic theory is developed in the "Critique of Judgment" (1790) where he investigates the possibility and logical status of "judgments of taste." In the "Critique of Aesthetic Judgment," the first major division of the "Critique of Judgment", Kant used the term "aesthetic" in a manner that, according to Kant scholar W.H. Walsh, differs from its modern sense. In the "Critique of Pure Reason", to note essential differences between judgments of taste, moral judgments, and scientific judgments, Kant abandoned the term "aesthetic" as "designating the critique of taste," noting that judgments of taste could never be "directed" by "laws "a priori"." After A. G. Baumgarten, who wrote "Aesthetica" (1750–58), Kant was one of the first philosophers to develop and integrate aesthetic theory into a unified and comprehensive philosophical system, utilizing ideas that played an integral role throughout his philosophy.
Canon law
The Eastern Orthodox Church, principally through the work of 18th-century Athonite monastic scholar Nicodemus the Hagiorite, has compiled canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the "Pēdálion" (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church in her discipline. The dogmatic determinations of the Councils are to be applied rigorously, since they are considered to be essential for the Church's unity and the faithful preservation of the Gospel.
Albanian Songs of the Frontier Warriors
Franciscan priest Shtjefën Gjeçovi, who was the first one to collect the Albanian "Kanun" in writing, also began to collect the Frontier Warrior Songs and write them down. From 1919 onward, Gjeçovi's work was continued by Reverend Bernandin Palaj. Both Gjeçovi and Palaj would travel on foot to meet with the bards and write down their songs. "Këngë Kreshnikësh dhe Legenda" () appeared thus as a first publication in 1937, after Gjeçovi's death and were included within the "Visaret e Kombit" () book.
Friedrich August Kanne
Friedrich August Kanne (1778–1833) was a composer and music critic in Vienna.
Joseph Kanon
Kanon was the editor in chief, CEO, and president of the publishing houses Houghton Mifflin and E. P. Dutton in New York.
Léonin
All that is known about him comes from the writings of a later student at the cathedral known as Anonymous IV, an Englishman who left a treatise on theory and who mentions Léonin as the composer of the "Magnus Liber," the "great book" of organum. Much of the "Magnus Liber" is devoted to clausulae—melismatic portions of Gregorian chant which were extracted into separate pieces where the original note values of the chant were greatly slowed down and a fast-moving upper part is superimposed. Léonin might have been the first composer to use the rhythmic modes, and may have invented a notation for them. According to W.G. Waite, writing in 1954: "It was Léonin's incomparable achievement to introduce a rational system of rhythm into polyphonic music for the first time, and, equally important, to create a method of notation expressive of this rhythm."