How old was János Kádár when he died?
János Kádár
János Kádár (; ; 26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989) was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, presiding over the country from 1956 until his retirement in 1988. His 32-year term as General Secretary covered most of the period the People's Republic of Hungary existed. Due to Kádár's age, declining health and declining political mastery, he retired as General Secretary of the party in 1988 and a younger generation consisting mostly of reformers took over.
Rezső Nyers
Rezső Nyers was born on 21 March 1923 as the son of Rezső Nyers, Sr. (1898–1956), who served as the last mayor of Kispest. After it became part of Budapest in 1950, he subsequently continued his position as chairman of the council of the 19th district. His mother was weaver Julianna Nagy (1899–1973). Until 1944 Nyers worked as a printer. He joined the Social Democratic Party in 1940. In 1948, the SZDP was forced to merge with the Communists into the MDP–which was essentially a renamed and enlarged Communist Party. Nyers served as substitute member of the merged party's Central Leadership. He became representative of the National Assembly of Hungary in 1948 (until 1953). He was appointed head of a department of the Ministry of Domestic Commerce. In this same year he started his studies at the Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences. In 1954 he was elected member of the Central Leadership. During the András Hegedüs cabinet he served as Minister of Food Industry for a short time. He was member of the MSZMP's Central Committee from 1957 to 1989 and of the National Assembly from 1958 to 1989. After the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Nyers also voted in favour of the death sentence for Imre Nagy. In 1968, Nyers drew up the contemporary economic reform package, the New Economic Mechanism, with Prime Minister Jenő Fock. After the failure of the reforms (because of the orthodox Marxists' strengthening), he largely went into eclipse and lost political influence for decades.
Lajos Kovács (actor)
Lajos Kovács (born 9 February 1944) is a Hungarian actor. He appeared in more than ninety films since 1978. Fans of Radiohead may recognise him for his appearance as the chased man in the music video for their hit song "Karma Police".
Frigyes Riedl
Frigyes Riedl (September 12, 1856 in Ladomér – August 7, 1921 in Budapest) was a prominent Hungarian essayist, critic and literature historian. His most famous work is the monography of János Arany, one of the most important 19th century Hungarian poets.
János Kádár
Kádár, as in 1946, was a Communist Party campaigner, and was described by historian Robert Gough as "a great success". The Communist Party won a majority in parliament in 1947, and because of the escalation of the Cold War, the Soviet leadership ordered them to create a one-party state. Kádár played an active role in the creation of the Hungarian Working People's Party; created by a merger of the Social Democratic Party and the Communist Party. At the unification congress Kádár made a speech which made little impact on the Communist movement in Hungary. In May 1948 Kádár visited the Soviet Union, and for the first and last time in his life he saw Joseph Stalin with his own eyes. During his visit to the USSR, Kádár's brother, Jenő died. On 5 August 1948 László Rajk was appointed to the office of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Kádár took his place as Minister of the Interior. As Interior Minister, he did not have real power as the most important organizations of internal state security operated under the direct control of Rákosi and his closest associates. In 1949, Borbála died, and Kádár married Mária Tamáska.
Just as Stalin had launched a Great Purge against those with knowledge of the pre-Stalin party, Rákosi launched a purge against those who had worked in Hungary, and not in the Soviet Union, during World War II and before. In retrospect, it is clear that Kádár was appointed Minister of the Interior with the deliberate aim to involve him in the "show trial" of Laszlo Rajk, although the investigations and proceedings were handled by the State Security Agency with the active participation of the Soviet Secret Police. Rákosi later boasted of "spending many a sleepless night" in unraveling the threads of the "anti-party conspiracy" led by Rajk and his "gang." During the public trial, Rákosi personally gave instructions to the judge over the phone. Rákosi would later attempt to blame Kádár for Rajk's death. Later in his life Rákosi said that Rajk died screaming "Long live Stalin! Long live Rákosi!" while Tibor Szönyi died without saying a word and András Szalai crying. Farkas and Gábor Péter, upon the death of Rajk and the others, said "provocateurs to their last breaths". This event didn't assure Kádár; making him doubt if any of the accusation leveled against his co-workers were true. It is believed that after Rajk's death Kádár was seen vomiting; these rumours have not been confirmed by any sources from that time. Rákosi contacted him the following the day, asking him why he was in such a bad mood, and continued, saying; "Did the executions affect you that much?". According to certain rumours, which are probably not reliable, Kádár visited Rákosi to tell him about his reaction to the execution. Later, during a party presentation to a college, Kádár emphasised party austerity. This presentation might reflect on Kádár's reaction to Rajk's execution and his revelation that he might become the next victim of government repression. When holding his presentation, he was described by his audience as a "haggard", "distressed" and as a man under a lot of "strain".
Gyulaj Hunting Hungary
It did not take long to set the next world record. In 1972 János Kádár, the former first secretary of Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party himself, shoot a buck having the most unusual trophy ever existed in Gyulaj. In 1973, the trophy was qualified by an international jury in Turin, Italy for 220.31 CIC points so that a few years later, Gyulaj Forestry presented a new record to the world. The legendary, so-called Kádár- buck with its distinctive stretch and toothed shape had kept its leading position on the international CIC world list throughout nearly 20 years until 1992 – a unique accomplishment in history. The trophy´s weight was 4.42 kg.
José N. Gándara
In 1954, Dr. Gándara was in the midst of a major government initiative for the creation of public housing in Puerto Rico in order to eliminate ghettos in the Island. At that time, while in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he suffered a coronary thrombosis that killed him. He died on 12 October 1954; he was 47 years old. Jaime Benítez, said this about Dr. Gándara: 
"The death of José Gándara leaves a void in the first row of the people of our generation dedicated to public service and particularly dedicated to harnessing science for the service of those who cannot afford medical care. He consecrated with integrity the resources of his intelligence, his education and his care in order to provide service far beyond the call of duty. He leaves us an enduring memory and example of dedication and love for his fellow men."
János Kádár
On 18 April 1951, Zöld had killed his whole family and committed suicide after finding out that Rákosi and his associates had decided to purge him from the party. When the authorities found their bodies, they decided to quickly gather the remaining two before they did something rash too. Kádár, who did not know what had just taken place, was at home taking care of his wife Maria, who had been in and out of the hospital. The Hungarian leadership decided to call him, asking Kádár to meet them at the party headquarters, when leaving his home he was stopped by ÁVH officers and the ÁVH head Gábor Péter.
Hungary
After a second, briefer period of Soviet military occupation, János Kádár, Nagy's former Minister of State, was chosen by the Soviet leadership to head the new government and chair the new ruling Socialist Workers' Party (MSzMP). Kádár quickly normalized the situation. In 1963, the government granted a general amnesty and released the majority of those imprisoned for their active participation in the uprising. Kádár proclaimed a new policy line, according to which the people were no longer compelled to profess loyalty to the party if they tacitly accepted the Socialist regime as a fact of life. In many speeches, he described this as, "Those who are not against us are with us." Kádár introduced new planning priorities in the economy, such as allowing farmers significant plots of private land within the collective farm system ("háztáji gazdálkodás"). The living standard rose as consumer good and food production took precedence over military production, which was reduced to one tenth of pre-revolutionary levels.
Jenő Szervánszky
A new Communist dictatorship was set up, and János Kádár was installed as the head of government. Punishment of the dissidents, however, continued throughout 1957 and 1958, and thousands were deported to Soviet labour camps. Kádár remained firmly in control of Hungary for the next thirty years and it was not until 1967 that he relaxed the firm control of the USSR and was able to give Hungary the reputation of the most relaxed and liberal of all the Soviet Union satellites.
Tamás Kádár
Kádár's transfer was allowed due to Hungary being within the European Union. Normally a player must be 18 years old at minimum, but within the European Union players could be transferred at the age of 16.
Sándor Márai
He continued to write in his native language, but was not published in English until the mid-1990s. Like other memoirs by Hungarian writers and statesmen, it was first published in the West, because it could not be published in the Hungary of the post-1956 Kádár era. The English version of the memoir was published posthumously in 1996. After his wife died in 1986, Márai retreated more and more into isolation. In 1987, he lived with advanced cancer and his depression worsened when he lost his adopted son, John. He ended his life with a gunshot to his head in San Diego in 1989. He left behind three granddaughters; Lisa, Sarah and Jennifer Márai.
Lajos Tichy
Lajos Tichy (21 March 1935 – 6 January 1999) was a Hungarian footballer. He played for the club Budapest Honvéd FC, scoring 247 goals in 320 league games. He also scored 51 goals in 72 internationals for the Hungary national football team, including four in the 1958 FIFA World Cup and three in the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He later became coach of the Honved youth team and from 1976 to 1982 he coached the first team, helping them win their first Hungarian championship in 25 years in 1980. The "Nation's Bomber" died in 1999 aged 63.
Lajos Für
Für was born in Egyházasrádóc. He participated in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. In later years, he was active in Magyar Gárda, a paramilitary organization which had connections to Jobbik and was described as neo-fascist. He died, aged 82, in Budapest.
János Szentágothai
János Szentágothai FRS (31 October 1912 – 8 September 1994) was a Kossuth Prize-winning Hungarian anatomist, Professor, Member of Parliament, and President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Anthony G. doctor and grandson of Alexander Lumniczer (whose uncle was Schöpf size, Augustus), great-grandson of a doctor. The general assembly of UNESCO decided the year 2012 to be dedicated to honour the 100th birthday of János Szentágothai.
János Kádár
Kádár attended and passed the admission exam to the Cukor Street Elementary School. It offered what Borbála always wanted for him, and Kádár proved to be a bright student. However his discontent regarding his current situation manifested in him skipping school on various occasions. Endangering Borbála's future hopes of him, she usually hit him many times when it became known to her that he skipped class. He proved to be an able student in most subjects on only moderate efforts. Yet he saw no reason to study too hard, and usually skipped school to play football or other sports. He did read often however, but his mother was unimpressed by this and ironically asked him if he was a "gentleman of leisure". Kádár left school at the age of fourteen in 1926. His education gave him a promising opportunity in light industry, it did however, take a year for him to find a job after being turned down as a car mechanic. In 1927, he became a typewriter mechanic, a profession which had a high standing among the Hungarian working class, there were only 160 of them in the country.
János Kádár
He died of cancer on 6 July 1989 at age 77, three months before the formal end of the regime he had largely created.
Oskar Kaufmann
In 1947, the new Hungarian government, under President Zoltán Tildy, decreed that any artist over the age of 60, which included the then 74-year-old Kaufmann, would receive a state pension. Kaufmann was also able to continue his architectural work through government commissions. When Kaufmann died in Budapest at the age of 83 in 1956, he had produced two more theaters. His final work, which was completed four years after his death, was the renovation of the Madách Theater in Budapest.
Sikander Bakht
Bakht finished his term in Rajya Sabha on 9 April 2002. 9 days later, Bakht was sworn in as Governor of Kerala, succeeding Sukhdev Singh Kang. At the age of , he was the oldest Governor of Kerala state. He was highly popular and served in this post until his death. Bakht died in the Medical College Hospital in Kerala's capital city Thiruvananthapuram on 23 February 2004, from complications of intestinal surgery which was performed on 19 February. He was the first Governor who died in office. He was replaced two days later by Karnataka governor T. N. Chaturvedi. There was concern, particularly among BJP members, that Bakht might have died because of medical negligence, but nothing was proven. Chief Minister A. K. Antony, at the time of Sikander Bakht's death, had to give into popular demand to order an inquiry to examine if there was any lapse on part of doctors or any other motive.
The President of India, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, said "In his death we have lost a prominent public personality and a statesman." Prime Minister Vajpayee said "Mr. Bakht was a freedom-fighter. He struggled for democracy and the nationalist cause with courage and conviction. He rendered distinguished service as a member of my Cabinet for sometime."
Katalin Karády
After the war, Karády became increasingly disregarded. Between 1945–48 she appeared in the Operettszínház in a few leading roles, the restarting Hungarian film production did not count on her (besides two movies, "Forró mezők" being her last). Being a popular star of the Horthy era, there was no place for her under the new communist rule. In 1949, all of her films were banned along with her theater appearances. She was taken by the authorities, was brutally beaten and abused, her teeth got knocked out etc. Only being able to work at small venues in the countryside, often with a drunk audience, she left the country in 1951 permanently. First she lived in Salzburg, Austria, then moved to Switzerland, and after a year to Brussels. In 1953, she lived in São Paulo, Brazil, opening a fashion shop. In 1968, finally receiving a visa after Ted and Robert Kennedy intervened, she moved to New York City, opening a hat salon. Performing rarely for friends only, she lived in retirement, refusing to appear in the media. Receiving a governmental invitation at her 70th birthday to return to Hungary, she only sent a hat, baffling officials. She died on 8 February 1990. On 19 February her body was transferred to Hungary; a memorial service was held in Budapest at the St. Stephen's Basilica, after which she was buried in Farkasréti Cemetery.
László Nagy (poet)
Between 1953 and 1957 Nagy was chief editor of "Kisdobos" (a children's magazine during Hungary's Communist era). Later he was mainly a translator, and from 1959 he worked at the important literary magazine "Élet és Irodalom" ("Life and Literature") until his death. He received the Kossuth Award (this is a very prestigious award given to those who significantly enrich Hungary's culture) in 1966. He led a diary from 1975, it was later published. He died of a heart attack in 1978.
Károly Kamermayer
His personal prestige project, the Great Market Hall was completed just after his retirement, and Kamermayer participated in the opening ceremony as an ordinary citizen. His illness progressed to an advanced stage. He left for medical treatment at Abbazia (today Opatija, Croatia), where he died on 5 June 1897, six months after his resignation. He was buried in the Kerepesi Cemetery following a solemn funeral procession. His headstone was designed by sculptor Gyula Donáth. His colleague and close ally, Lord Mayor Károly Ráth passed away less than two months later, on 30 July 1897. Deputy Mayor Károly Gerlóczy ran unsuccessfully for the position of Mayor following Kamermayer's resignation. As a result, he too retired at the end of 1897, thereby completely passing the city administration to a new generation.
Ákos Császár
Between 1952 and 1992 he was head of the Department of Analysis at the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest.
Corresponding member (1970), member (1979) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He has been general secretary (1966–1980), president (1980–1990), honorary president (since 1990) of the János Bolyai Mathematical Society. He received the Kossuth Prize (1963) and the Gold Medal of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (2009). Császár died on 14 December 2017, aged 93.
János Kádár
A few months before his death Kádár asked a Roman Catholic priest to hear his confession, which proves his conversion from atheist communism to Roman Catholicism, according to Miklós Németh's testimony.
János Esterházy
Count János Esterházy (; rarely ; March 14, 1901 – March 8, 1957) was a prominent ethnic Hungarian politician in mid-war Czechoslovakia and later in the First Slovak Republic. He was a member of the Czechoslovak Parliament and of the Slovak Assembly. After the Second World War, he was illegally deported to the Soviet Union, sentenced on trumped-up charges at a show trial, and imprisoned. In the meantime he was sentenced, in absentia, to death by the National Court in Bratislava on the charges of High Treason to the State, collaboration with enemy, the breaking-up of Czechoslovakia, and his participation in an anti-democratic regime as a deputy of the Slovak Assembly. The sentence was not executed as a consequence of a Presidential pardon, following his return to Czechoslovakia from Soviet Union. He died in prison in 1957.
János Kádár
In 1946, Kádár campaigned for the communist party in workers districts and factories. These areas were heavily contested between the Communists and the Social Democrats. The Communists were able to persuade the Social Democrats to hold elections in factories where the communists held the majority. The clear majority results gained by the Communists during this election prompted the Social Democrats to postpone the rest of the election. At the 3rd Congress of the Communist Party of Hungary, Kádár was appointed one of Rákosi's two deputies. He was appointed deputy because of social and ethnic background, the majority of the leadership were of Jewish origins and were intellectuals, Kádár was however a Hungarian worker. In the aftermath of his appointment, he enrolled himself in Russian lessons and grew fond of reading, his favorite being "The Good Soldier Švejk".
József Katona
József Katona wrote "Bánk bán", his most important drama for a literary competition organized by a Kolozsvár periodical in 1815. The competition required a historical drama with a Hungarian background. The result of the competition was disappointment for Katona: his "Bánk Bán" was not mentioned at all. He rewrote the play and published it privately in 1820, but it remained unnoticed until the mid-1830s. He returned to his native town Kecskemet. In the last ten years of his life, he wrote no more for the stage. Katona died on April 16, 1830, of a heart-attack in front of his office.The story was about Bánk, the viceroy appointed by King Andrew II (1205–35), while the King was away on his foreign campaigns. Bánk became involved in a conspiracy against the German-born wife of the king; he tries to prevent the rebellion, but finally he is the man who kills the queen. His reason for the murder was political and personal at the same time: Queen Gertrude had taken part in a plot to seduce Bánk’s wife. Bánk's complex character and the deep conflict between duty and personal grief make Bánk Bán one of the best Hungarian dramas. It was written at the time when the intellectuals of the country opposed Habsburg absolutism, and the drama is about mediaeval times when Hungary’s nobility fought against foreign usurpers as well, so the drama had been blacklisted by the government. In 1848, in the evening of March 15, the Hungarian National Theater scheduled a performance of Bánk Bán. It was a symbolic event, part of the Hungarian revolution.
János Kajdi
János Kajdi (30 December 1939 – 10 April 1992) was a boxer from Hungary. He competed at the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics in the lightweight, light-welterweight and welterweight (– 67 kg) division, respectively, and won a silver medal in 1972. In the final he was defeated by Cuba's Emilio Correa on points (5:0).
János Kádár
He announced a "Fifteen Point Programme" for this new government:
Géza Hofi
Hofi's historical significance — beyond his obvious merits as a comedian — was that he maintained his identity and dignity in a totalitarian regime where most others would have bailed. He can never be compared to those stand-up comedians who were making fun of politicians while living under a democratic government. Hofi often parodized János Kádár the communist leader of Hungary at the time—and in doing so it wasn't his impeccable match of Kádár's speech patterns that left those in the audience gasping for air, but rather the incisive critique of the contemporary politics.
János Kádár
The Hungarian Working People's Party decided to dissolve itself and to reorganize itself as the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. On 25 October 1956, Kádár was elected General Secretary. He was also a member of the Nagy Government as Minister of State.
János Farkas
During his club career he played for Vasas SC. He earned 33 caps and scored 20 goals for the Hungary national football team from 1961 to 1969, and participated in the 1962 FIFA World Cup, the 1964 European Nations' Cup, and the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He also won a gold medal in football at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
He is particularly remembered for his fabulous goal at the 1966 FIFA World Cup against Brazil, contributing to a sensational 3-1 win against the incumbent champions.
He finished his career rather early, at the age of 30, and became a gastronomer. He died at the age of 47 of a heart attack. A youth football tournament was named after him following his death.
Lajos Drahos
Lajos Drahos (7 March 1895 – 2 June 1983) was a Hungarian Communist politician, who served as Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary between 1949 and 1951. He was the ambassador to Poland from May 1951 to his retirement (1955). He 
was totally unsuitable for his function, because he did not speak any languages, and he was unprepared and unexperienced in the diplomacy. The single viewpoint controlled the Communist decision makers at the time of their selection: the reliability.
Ladislaus IV of Hungary
Joachim Gutkeled died while battling against the Babonići in April 1277. A month later, an assembly of the prelates, barons, noblemen, and Cumans declared Ladislaus to be of age. The estates of the realm also authorized the 15-year-old monarch to restore internal peace with all possible means. Ladislaus then invaded the Kőszegis's domains in Transdanubia, but could not defeat them. He met Rudolf I of Germany in Hainburg an der Donau on 11 November to confirm their alliance against Ottokar II of Bohemia.
Mátyás Rákosi
Mátyás Rákosi (9 March 1892 – 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian communist politician. He was born Mátyás Rosenfeld in Ada (today in Serbia). He was the leader of Hungary's Communist Party from 1945 to 1956 — first as General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party (1945–1948) and later holding the same post with the Hungarian Working People's Party (1948–1956). As such, from 1949 to 1956, he was the "de facto" ruler of Communist Hungary. An ardent Stalinist, his government was very loyal to the Soviet Union, and he presided over the mass imprisonment of hundreds of thousands of people and the death of thousands. American journalist John Gunther described Rákosi as "the most malevolent character I ever met in political life."
Gyula Kádár
On 17 April 1944 he was arrested by the Gestapo. After the intervention of Defence Minister Lajos Csatay and Miklós Horthy, Jr. he was handed over to the Hungarian authorities. The Hungarian Military Tribunal released him on 1 June 1944. Because of the German protest Chief of the General Staff János Vörös ordered his arrest again on 2 October 1944. After that, he was charged with high treason at the Special Court of the Chief of the General Staff, but he was acquitted from all charges on 14 October 1944. A day later, after the coup of the Arrow Cross Party he was again arrested by the order of the new, pro-Nazi Defence Minister Károly Beregfy. As the Soviet Army approached Budapest he was transferred to Sopronkőhida and later in March, 1945 to Germany. He was released from captivity by the US Army near Triften, Bavaria.
Mírzá Mihdí
At the age of twelve, he rejoined his family in Baghdad. There he accompanied his father through all his exiles and grew very close to him. He later became the amanuenses of Bahá’u’lláh and a staunch companion. He was beloved by the Bahá’ís; revered in a similar sense to ‘Abdu’l-Bahá and was noted for his meekness, piety, purity and sincerity. Whilst rapt in prayer, chanting the "Ode of the Dove" (a prayer revealed by his father during the period in Kurdistan) and pacing on the rooftop, Mírzá Mihdí fell through a skylight, and the wooden crate that he fell onto pierced his ribs and injured his lungs. Bahá’u’lláh was horrified and asked for a physician to attend his son. However, by this time it was too late. His mother was especially hurt and poignantly caressed her blood-soaked son shortly before his death. Bahá’u’lláh was heard lamenting “Mihdí! O Mihdí!” as his son was dying. His companions surrounding him on his death-bed remember his courtesy despite his pain, and even apologizing that he was lying before their presence.
He died on June 23, 1870, at the age of twenty-two. His dying wish was that the believers would attain the presence of Bahá’u’lláh, a wish which the broken-hearted Bahá’u’lláh accepted. His body was taken away and buried in a Muslim cemetery. His sister collected the blood-soaked clothes of Mihdí and other relics. These are seen in the International Archives in Israel. Bahá’u’lláh eulogized his son and connected the subsequent easing of restrictions and pilgrims' ability to visit him to his dying prayer. He wrote that his death caused “"the Concourse on high to lament"”. He also exalted his death, comparing it to the intended sacrifice of Abraham’s son, the crucifixion of Christ and the martyrdom of the Imam Husayn. Bahá’u’lláh also named him "the Purest Branch". The exiles and companions commented that he had been a "pillar of strength" amongst the exiles and adored for his gentleness and patience.
László Rátz
Between the years of 1912–1921, he taught several students who became excellent mathematicians, physicians and chemists, including Nobel prize-winning physicist Eugene Wigner (Jenő Wigner) and mathematician and polymath John von Neumann (János Neumann). At the age of 11, Eugene Wigner developed an interest in mathematical problems. From 1915 through 1919 Wigner studied at the Gimnázium, where he and Von Neumann were taught by Rátz. von Neumann entered the Gimnázium in 1911. Although his father insisted he attend school at the grade level appropriate to his age, he agreed to hire private tutors to give him advanced instruction in those areas in which he had displayed an aptitude.
Lászlo Rátz died on 30 September 1930 in Grünwald Sanatorium, a nursing home, in Budapest.
Ferenc Deák
Gradually, Deák moderated his views on Hungary's independence. Although he maintained that the April Laws were fully valid, he began taking the line that foreign affairs, defence and finance were "common" to both Austria and Hungary under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713. He believed that a constitutional arrangement could be worked out to incorporate these ideas while still respecting Hungary's internal independence. He supported the "Compromise" ("Ausgleich" or "Kiegyezés") of 1867, which incorporated these ideas, with all his strength, leading the delegation that signed the actual accord. Although he was the obvious choice as the first prime minister of the Hungarian half of the newly formed Austria-Hungary, he stood down in favour of Gyula Andrássy.
After 1867 his health was weakened by continuous work and the attacks on him by disappointed radical patriots used up most of his strength. His reformist ideas were often rejected by Parliament.
He died on 28 January 1876 and was buried with great pomp. Parliament created a law to remember his excellent service and ordered that a statue be created from national donations. Today one of the central squares of Budapest, Deák Ferenc Square is named after him, which is where three of the four lines of the Budapest Metro come together.
György Moldova
Although he himself is a self-professed "independent leftist" who has never belonged to a political party, Moldova is openly supportive of communist ideals and is known for his loyalty to the late János Kádár, Hungarian communist leader and General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, who ruled the country from 1956 until his forced retirement in 1988. Most famously, Moldova published a biography, Kádár, in which he termed this longest-ruling of all twentieth-century Hungarian political figures a "genius" and suggested that the executions of political prisoners after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution had been justified.
János Kulcsár
János Kulcsár (March 2, 1927 – June 27, 1989) was a Hungarian sprint canoer who competed in the early 1950s. At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, he finished seventh in the K-2 1000 m event. He was born in Budapest.
János Fogarasi
János Fogarasi (1801 – 1878) was a Hungarian jurist and philologist, born at Kázsmárk, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County in northeastern Hungary. In 1829 he was admitted to the bar, in 1848 became Councilor in the Hungarian Finance Ministry, and subsequently President of the Council of Commerce and a judge of the Supreme Court. He wrote on Hungarian jurisprudence and finance ("The Hungarian Law of Trade and Exchange", 1840; "The Hungarian Bank", 1848), but is best known for the great "Dictionary of the Hungarian Language" (six volumes, 1861–1874), prepared under the auspices of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (from 1861 to 1866 in collaboration with Gergely Czuczor). This work is very inclusive and continues to be regarded as standard, despite the fact that it often is at variance with the principles of modern philology.
Béla Kovács (politician, 1908)
Mátyás Rákosi also demanded complete obedience from fellow members of the Hungarian Workers Party. When László Rajk, the foreign secretary, criticised attempts by Joseph Stalin to impose Stalinist policies on Hungary he was arrested and in September 1949 he was executed. János Kádár and other dissidents were also purged from the party during this period.
Otto Adler
During World War II Otto Adler was a prisoner at the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp. He was 15 years old when he arrived at the camp but despite a frail appearance managed to avoid certain death by answering that his real age was 17 when asked by the guards. This advice was received from the other inmates because everyone under the age of 13 was sent to the gas chamber along with those under 17 years which weren't considered physically fit. He weighed 70 kg when he arrived, but had only 29 kg when he left the camp.
János Kádár
Rákosi's leadership consisted of Mihály Farkas the Minister of Defence. Kádár and Béla Kovács noted with puzzlement the leadership's total lack of interest in the domestic Communist's experience and outlook. As head of cadres, Kádár supervised membership appointments to the party. This position gave him contacts, some of whom would become very important to him in his later life. After failing to secure a majority in Parliament after the 1945 election, the Communist leadership started the divide and conquer strategy known as salami tactics. Kádár became a prominent figure during the period between the 1945 and the 1947 Hungarian parliamentary elections. Kádár had evolved a sense of rivalry with the Social Democratic Party of Hungary, claiming the party was "thrashing" them in government, and that they made it impossible for the Communists to negotiate policy with the Hungarian trade unions.
Pál Ilku
Pál Ilku (8 October 1912 – 13 July 1973) was a Hungarian soldier and politician, who served as Minister of Education from 1961 until his death. He had significant part in the organizing of the police strengths ("pufajkások") which consolidated the János Kádár regime after the crushing of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
János Hadik
Count János Hadik de Futak (23 November 1863 in Pálócz – 10 December 1933 in Budapest) was a Hungarian landowner and politician who served for 17 hours as Prime Minister of Hungary, beginning on 30 October 1918. His tenure coincided with a period of political instability in Hungary immediately after World War I, during which several successive governments ruled the country. He was forced to resign at the outbreak of the Aster Revolution on 31 October 1918, serving the shortest tenure of any Hungarian Prime Minister.
Kapoly
Kapoly is a village in Somogy county, Hungary. Political leader János Kádár originates from the village, his childhood was spent in Kapoly.
János Kádár
As leader of Hungary, Kádár was a team player and took care to consult his colleagues before acting or making decisions and his tenure saw an attempt at liberalising the economic system to put greater effort to build up industries aimed at consumers. His rule was marked by what later became known as Goulash Communism. A significant increase in consumer expenditures because of the New Economic Mechanism (NEM), a major economic reform, reintroduced certain market mechanisms into Hungary. As a result of the relatively high standard of living, a favorable human rights policy and more relaxed travel restrictions than those present in other Eastern Bloc countries, Hungary was generally considered the best country to live in Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War, also expressed in the informal term "the happiest barrack". On 6 July 1989, an ill Kádár died after having been forced to retire. Kádár was succeeded by Károly Grósz as General Secretary on 22 May 1988. Grósz would only serve a year in this post due to the fall of communism in Europe in 1989.
Aladár Komját
Aladár Komját (11 February 1891, Kassa – 3 January 1937, Paris) was a Hungarian poet and communist activist.
Sonata for Solo Cello (Kodály)
János Starker first played it for Kodály at the age of 15, in 1939, then again in 1967 shortly before the composer's death. Kodály told Starker: "If you correct the ritard in the third movement, it will be the Bible performance". Starker recorded it four times (1948, 1950, 1956 and 1970), the 1948 78-rpm recording winning a Grand Prix du Disque.
János Kádár
After the Soviet liberation of Hungary, the Soviet-Hungarian Communist leadership sent Zoltán Vas and the new Soviet approved Central Committee of the Communist Party of Hungary; Kádár became a member of this so-called "new" committee. At first, Kádár would rise up the ranks, not because of ideology, or knowledge of economy and agriculture, but instead for his organisational skills. Kádár helped form the Communist Party's headquarters in Hungary, and later, designed the party's membership card. The Soviet troops stationed in Hungary committed mass rapes and pillaged Budapest and the countryside, Kádár, when writing a letter to the Ministry of the Interior, he wrote; "the Soviet command caused really big difficulties in our work, especially in the beginning, and they still do". Under these circumstances Kádár was appointed deputy chief of police. Nonetheless his rise in the communist hierarchy was not an easy one, Rákosi's party deputy Ernő Gerő felt his decision to dissolve the party during the war was a rash decision, and others, who worked alongside Kádár during the war felt he had been over-promoted and were keen to put an end to it. His political eclipse did not last long, and when Rákosi returned he became a member of the newly formed Politburo of the Communist Party of Hungary. Later on, in February 1945, Rákosi was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Hungary.
János Kádár
Kádár was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. His incarceration included three years of solitary confinement, conditions far worse than he suffered while imprisoned under the Horthy regime. He was released from prison in July 1954, after the death of Stalin and the appointment of Imre Nagy as Prime Minister in 1953.
Vasas SC
János Kádár, HSWP First Secretary and Hungarian leader from 1956 until 1988, was a supporter of Vasas. A working-class man, Kádár had played in the team when young and was its president for a short period in the mid-1950s (when, after being released from prison, Kádár was party secretary in Budapest 13th district, where the team is based). During the 1960s, it was not uncommon to see Kádár in the crowd during Vasas games. Unlike some of his Eastern Europe counterparts, though, Kádár did not use his position to favor his team, nor did he allow Hungarian officials to interfere in football as it was common in other bloc countries.
History of Budapest
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was suppressed, the Soviets, rather than appointing a Hungarian hardliner or a Soviet general, gave a chance to János Kádár, a former kidnapped minister of the revolution. He defeated the remaining rebel forces, then embarked on cautious reforms to create a "Goulash Communism" that differentiated Hungary from its Warsaw Pact neighbors. Due to the co-operative efforts of Kádár and huge loans taken from the West to offset the failing economy, Hungary became the favorite Communist state of the West by the late 1970s. A decade later, the city was the center of opposition activity, rallies, printing and selling of unauthorized material and secret-service surveillance. In addition the talks between opposition and government representatives (dubbed the "Round Table Consultations") were held there. Finally, the majority of the multi-sided regime decided to step over Gorbachev's line and open the borders (the first official break of the Iron Curtain), declared Hungary a Republic on October 23, 1989 then issued free elections. While communism was toppled in Berlin and Prague, the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party was simply voted out of power in Hungary, initiating a peaceful transition from one political system to another. Hungarians simply refer to all that has happened since then as "after the System-change".
Hungary–Soviet Union relations
The crushing of the Hungarian Revolution strengthened Soviet control over the Eastern Bloc. The Soviets had Imre Nagy replaced as Prime Minister of Hungary with János Kádár, the leader of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. Nagy, with a few others, was given sanctuary in the Yugoslav Embassy. In spite of a written safe conduct of free passage by János Kádár, on 22 November 1956, Nagy was arrested by the Soviet forces as he was leaving the Yugoslav Embassy, and taken to Snagov, Romania. Subsequently, the Soviets returned him to Hungary, where he was secretly charged with organizing to overthrow the Hungarian people's democratic state and with treason. Nagy was secretly tried, found guilty, sentenced to death and executed by hanging in June 1958. According to Fedor Burlatsky, a Kremlin insider, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev had Nagy executed, "as a lesson to all other leaders in socialist countries."
András Hegedüs
In 1947 he married Zsuzsanna Hölzel; they had six children. From 1948 onwards Hegedüs became involved with the Hungarian Working People's Party eventually taking on leading roles. From the early 1950s he took on numerous ministerial portfolios and served as Prime Minister from 18 April 1955 to 24 October 1956. Hegedüs was 32 years old at the time of his appointment, making him the youngest Prime Minister in Hungarian history.
János Mayer
János Mayer (7 June 1871 – 23 December 1955) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture twice: between 1921-1922 and 1924-1931. He farmed on his parents' possession after the accomplishment of his studies. He was already engaged in the smallholder movements in his early years. With István Szabó de Nagyatád he founded the Smallholders Party in Heves County. He became a member of the Diet of Hungary in 1914, representing Kápolna and his party. He was appointed secretary of state of the Ministry of Food in January 1919, but he resigned before the establishing of the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
Shadow of Heroes
The third act takes place six weeks later. Rajk has resisted all attempts to get him to sign a false confession. He is visited by his close friend, János Kádár, who has succeeded him as Minister of Information. Kádár convinces Rajk that if he assents he will be able to live with his wife and child in the Soviet Union. Rajk signs the false confession and is hanged.
Kamal Adwan
Kamal was killed in his flat in Beirut, in front of his wife, by a Mossad death squad on 10 April 1973. Both Kamal Nasser, a charismatic poet and writer, and Mohammad Abu-Youssef al Najjar, a lawyer by profession, were killed in the same attack. His killing came nine months after the murders of Ghassan Kanafani, a Palestinian novelist and a member of FPLP, and his 17-year-old niece, Lamees. An innocent 79 year old Italian women, living in the same building was also killed, as well as several Lebanese policemen. Two of the attackers were killed by Palestinian defenders during their withdrawal. The PLO claims that Ehud Barak, who was elected prime minister of Israel in the late nineties, was among the killers.
János Kádár
His first meeting with Marxist literature came in 1928 after he won a junior chess competition organised by the Barbers Trade Union. His prize was Friedrich Engels's "Anti-Dühring". The tournament organiser explained to Kádár that if he didn't understand it after his first reading, he should re-read it until he understood it. Kádár followed his advice, even if his friends were "unimpressed" by his reading. As he later noted later in his life, he did not understand the reading but it got him thinking: "Immutable laws and connections in the world which I had not suspected." While it may be true that as Kádár comments that the book had great influence over him, it was in 1929 when he was fired after he flared up at his employer after he talked condescendingly towards Kádár. When the Great Depression hit Hungary, Kádár was the first to be fired. What ensued was low paid jobs and poverty. He later became unemployed, and it was this experience which brought him into contact with the Communist Party of Hungary. According to Kádár he became a member of the party in 1931.
Jenő Takács
At that time, he learned from Zoltán Kodály, Ernö Dohnányi, Sándor Weöres, Sándor Szokolay, Darius Milhaud and Yehudi Menuhin. From 1948-49, he left then the communist-ruled Hungary and settled down in Grundlsee after stays in Austria, Switzerland and Italy. In the years 1949 to 1952, he conducted concert tours in Europe and America and was visiting professor at the conservatories of Geneva and Lausanne. In addition, he was professor of piano and composition at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music. In 1970, after his retirement in Cincinnati, he moved back to Siegendorf, where he remained until his death. On the occasion of his 100th birthday his works were performed in about 200 concerts. He died in Eisenstadt in 2005 at the age of 103.
János Kádár
Kádár's grave at the Kerepesi Cemetery in Budapest was vandalized on 2 May 2007 as a number of his bones, including his skull, were dug up and stolen, along with his wife Mária Tamáska's urn. A message reading "murderers and traitors may not rest in holy ground 1956–2006" (taken from a song written by the rock band "Kárpátia") was written nearby. The two dates refer to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the 2006 protests in Hungary, respectively. This act was received with widespread revulsion across the political and societal spectrum in Hungary, with even the centre-right Fidesz condemning the vandalism. Police investigations focused on extremist right-wing groups which had been aspiring to "carry out an act that would create a big bang."An interpretation of events in Kádár's political and personal life, beginning circa 1945, including an association with the trial, execution, reburial, atonement of László Rajk, and ending with the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, are portrayed in Robert Ardrey's 1958 play, "Shadow of Heroes".
Israel Meir Kagan
Although the anti-religious attitudes which pervaded Zionism greatly distressed him, Kagan initially refused to become personally involved in the matter and refrained from publicly denouncing the movement. When his views became known, he cautioned his students about joining the Zionists and declared its political aims as being contrary to the Torah. He nevertheless cherished the Holy Land and in 1925 it was announced that he would be leaving Warsaw with his daughter and son-in-law to permanently settle in Petach Tikvah, Palestine. Upon discovering his plans, prominent rabbis and "yeshiva" deans persuaded him to remain in Radun and he died there on September 15, 1933, aged 95.
János Arany
János Arany (; archaic English: John Arany; 2 March 1817—22 October 1882) was a Hungarian journalist, writer, poet, and translator. He is often said to be the "Shakespeare of ballads" – he wrote more than 102 ballads been translated into over 50 languages, as well as the "Toldi trilogy", to mention his most famous works.
K Lal
Kantilal Girdharilal Vora (14 January 1924 – 23 September 2012), popularly known as K Lal, was an Indian magician. In a career spanning 62 years, he staged over 22,000 shows around the world, performing his last show in July 2012.He and his son(K.Lal Junior) performed together for 32 years.In 1968 I.B.M (U.S.A) gave him the title of World's fastest Magician.He is very famous for his unbelievable items like "Head Separated From Body(Talking & Moving)",'A Giant Killer Saw','The Flying Lady','Evil Joker'. Paul Daniel,Great magician of U.K. says about K.Lal "He does a stunning illusion show of pure magic." Russian magician Kieo says about K.Lal's show "I have never seen such a giant magnificent show." In 2004 he created a world record of staging 20,600 magic shows. He died at his home in Ahmedabad in September 2012 at the age of 88.
Árpád Göncz
After the Soviet intervention on 4 November 1956, János Kádár established a pro-Soviet government. The Revolutionary Council of Hungarian Intellectuals, members were writers, journalists etc., issued statements of protest against the Soviet army's invasion and appealed for help and mediation from the Western world. Göncz participated in the writing of several memoranda. One of the most influential writings was the "Draft Proposal for a Compromise Solution to the Hungarian Question" by intellectual István Bibó, who also served as Minister of State in the second and third government of Imre Nagy. Göncz took part in the debates on the proposal. Göncz had a good relationship with "charge d'affaires" Mohamed Ataur Rahman from the Indian Embassy in Budapest, thus he was also able to make contact with the Government of India who tried to mediate between the Hungarian and the Soviet governments following the revolution. Formerly, during the intense days, Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru expressed his sympathy and compassion towards the Hungarian freedom fighters, nevertheless India remained cautious and abstained in the UN General Assembly voting, which called on the Soviet Union to end its Hungarian intervention. As a result of the intercession of Göncz, the Indian government became more determined in the Hungarian issue. He handed over Bibó's draft proposal to "charge d'affaires" Rahman in December 1956, however India's mediation attempt ended in failure due to lack of interest in the Soviet Union.
History of Hungary
Once he was in power, János Kádár led an attack against revolutionaries. 21,600 mavericks (democrats, liberals, reformist Communists alike) were imprisoned, 13,000 interned, and 400 killed. But in the early 1960s, Kádár announced a new policy under the motto of "He who is not against us is with us", a modification of Rákosi's statement, "He who is not with us is against us". He declared a general amnesty, gradually curbed some of the excesses of the secret police, and introduced a relatively liberal cultural and economic course aimed at overcoming the post-1956 hostility towards him and his regime.
Árpád Göncz
When the security forces violently disbanded a peaceful demonstration in Budapest on 16 June 1988, the 30th anniversary of Nagy's execution, Árpád Göncz, as Vice Chairman of the Historical Justice Committee, wrote a letter to General Secretary and Prime Minister Károly Grósz, Kádár's successor to protest against the police action and called on the regime to face its past. In a response letter, Grósz rejected the implementation of demanded political reforms. Finally (due to the appointment of the reformist Miklós Németh as Prime Minister in November 1988) the reburial took place in the next year on 16 June, Göncz took part in organizing, as he proposed, there was a fifth empty coffin beside the four martyrs' for the anonymous heroes and freedom fighters of the revolution. Göncz was the one who officially opened the ceremony.
József Nagysándor
József Nagysándor (17 October 1803, Nagyvárad - 6 October 1849, Arad) was a honvéd general in the Hungarian Army. He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad.
János Kádár
Rákosi told Kádár, in late August 1950, that former Social Democratic party leader Árpád Szakasits had confessed to being a spy for the capitalistic countries. Szakasits' imprisonment would be the start of a long purge against former social democrats, trade union officials, and high-standing communist party members. The purge would last until 1953, the extent of the purge went so far that the ÁVH held files on around one million, literally one-tenth of Hungary's population at that time. The purges were enacted when Rákosi and his associates were in the middle of the country's collectivising agriculture and the rapid industrialisation efforts. Ernő Gerő's ambition to make Hungary a land made out of "steel and iron" led to a decline in the national standards of living. At this point Rákosi had started distrusting Kádár, leading Kádár to resign as Ministry of the Interior citing health and stress reasons for his choice. Kádár believed the longer down the ladder he climbed there was a bigger chance of not being purged. In this he was wrong, and he along with new Minister of the Interior Sándor Zöld, were criticised for not doing a proper enough job to remove the anti-socialist movement within the country. Kádár would later refute most of the allegations the Rákosi leadership put against, but to no avail, and for every letter he wrote to refute an allegation another allegation was put against him. He eventually gave up and in one letter Kádár even admitted to his faults; claiming that he was still "politically backward" and "ideologically untrained" when he headed the pre-war Communist Party as First Secretary. Kádár concluded that he had been fooled by the capitalists and therefore offered his resignation from active politics. Instead of resigning, and losing his seats in the Central Committee and the Politburo, his memberships in these organisations were renewed at the party congress. Believing that his position was secure and that Rákosi had given him another chance, thought nothing more of it. This proved to be wrong, and by the end of March 1951, Rákosi informed the Soviets that Kádár along with Zöld and Gyula Kállai were to be imprisoned.
János Kádár
On 1 November 1956, Kádár, together with Ferenc Münnich, left Hungary for Moscow with the support of the Soviet Embassy in Budapest. There the Soviet leaders tried to convince him that a "counter-revolution" was unfolding in Hungary that must be put to an end at any cost. He only agreed to change sides when the Soviet leaders informed him that the decision had already been taken to crush the revolution with the help of the Soviet troops stationed in Hungary. He was also told that unless he agreed to become prime minister in the new government, the Rákosi-Gerő leadership would be reinstalled. Although he was under duress, he did not, by his own admission, resist as much as he could have. In a speech given on 12 April 1989, he confessed to having played a role in Nagy's execution, calling it his "own personal tragedy." Writing in 1961, American journalist John Gunther said that "Kadar today looks like a man pursued by shadows, a walking corpse."
Tamás Kádár
Tamás Kádár (born 14 March 1990) is a Hungarian footballer, currently playing for Ukrainian Dynamo Kyiv. He is a defender and is equally capable at centre-back or left-back. He made his debut for Zalaegerszegi TE at the age of 16 and has since gone on to win Hungary U-21 honours.
Ernő Solymosi
After his career as footballer, he worked for the Ministry for Home Affairs, being the personal guard of János Kádár, the communist leader of Hungary from 1956 to 1988. He has retired in 1993.
Unknown years of Jesus
According to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the further sayings of Muhammad say that Jesus died in Kashmir at the age of one hundred and twenty years. They identify the holy man Yuz Asaf buried at the Roza Bal shrine in Srinagar, India as Jesus on the basis of an account in the "History of Kashmir" by the Sufi poet Khwaja Muhammad Azam Didamari (1747) that the holy man Yuz Asaf buried there was a prophet and a foreign prince. Paul C. Pappas states that from a historical perspective, the Ahmadi identification of Yuzasaf with Jesus relies on legends and documents which include clear historical errors (e.g., Gondophares' reign) and that "it is almost impossible to identify Yuz Asaf with Jesus".
Tamás Kádár
Diósgyőr
János Kádár
As the Communists took over Hungary in 1947-48, Kádár rose quickly through the Party ranks, serving as Interior Minister from 1948 to 1950. He took part in the trial and interrogation of former secret police chief László Rajk, one of the most infamous show-trials in the post-war Eastern bloc. In 1951, he was imprisoned by the Stalinist regime of Mátyás Rákosi, released in 1954 by reformist Prime Minister Imre Nagy. On 25 October 1956, during the Hungarian Revolution, Kádár replaced Ernő Gerő as General Secretary of the Party, taking part in Nagy's short-lived revolutionary government. However, on 1 November he broke with Nagy over the latter's decision to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact; secretly defecting to the Soviets. When the Soviets crushed the Revolution on 4 November, they selected Kádár as the next leader of Hungary. After the Revolution was crushed, Kádár initially presided over a reign of terror, ordering the execution of many participants in the Revolution (including Imre Nagy and his close associates) and the imprisonment of many others. However, he gradually softened his approach as the years passed, often granting individual amnesties, and moderating his regime's overall governing style. By 1963, the last prisoners from the Hungarian Revolution had been released.
János Kádár
Nagy, along with Georg Lukács, Géza Losonczy and László Rajk's widow, Júlia, fled to the Yugoslav Embassy. Kádár promised them safe return home at their request but failed to keep this promise as the Soviet party leaders decided that Imre Nagy and the other members of the government who had sought asylum at the Yugoslav Embassy should be deported to Romania. Later on, a trial was instituted to establish the responsibility of the Imre Nagy Government in the 1956 events. Although it was adjourned several times, the defendants were eventually convicted of treason and conspiracy to overthrow the "democratic state order". Imre Nagy, Pál Maléter and Miklós Gimes were sentenced to death and executed on 16 June 1958. Géza Losonczy and both died in prison under suspicious circumstances during the court proceedings.
Árpád Göncz
Árpád Göncz died on 6 October 2015 in Budapest, aged 93. As the news emerged about Göncz's death, Hungarian lawmakers immediately held a minute of silence in parliament, where Deputy Speaker István Hiller said Göncz "was a legend already in his lifetime". Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and the governing Fidesz told in a statement that "we remember [Göncz] with respect as an active and important political player in those years when Hungary stepped on the road from dictatorship to democracy". The coalition partner KDNP added, "Árpád Göncz's personality and life intertwined with Hungary's modern history, the period of [democratic] transition". The left-wing opposition parties, MSZP, Democratic Coalition (DK), Together, Politics Can Be Different (LMP), Dialogue for Hungary (PM) and Hungarian Liberal Party (MLP) also paid tribute to Göncz's political legacy and life, while the far-right Jobbik sent its condolence to his family. On 7 October 2015, thousands gathered for President Göncz at the Kossuth Square, mourning with flowers and candles in front of the Hungarian Parliament Building. On 12 October 2015, Speaker László Kövér said in the next first full plenary session that "the life path of Göncz coincided with major events in Hungary's 20th century history". He added, Göncz, beside his writer and translation career, was also a "loved and respected as a politician as well, and even long after he had left his office in 2000".
János Kádár
Kádár accepted the offer to act as party secretary in the heavily industrialised 13th district of Budapest. He rose to prominence quickly, building up a large following amongst workers who demanded increased freedom for trade unions.
Hungarian People's Republic
Despite their helping Rákosi to liquidate Rajk, future Hungarian leader János Kádár and other dissidents were also purged from the party during this period. During Kádár's interrogation, the ÁVH beat him, smeared him with mercury to prevent his skin pores from breathing, and had his questioner urinate into his pried-open mouth.
Tamás Kádár
Lech Poznań
József Márkus
Following the death of the incumbent office-holder Gusztáv Alkér, Márkus was elected Second Deputy Mayor by the General Assembly on 21 February 1894. As the youngest councillor, he gained 231 of the 279 votes. Mayor Kamermayer cited Márkus' "irreproachable character, unparalleled intellectual ability and professionalism [...]" when his protegee took the office. Shortly thereafter Márkus led a 25-member delegation to Turin, where freedom fighter and statesman Lajos Kossuth died after spending his last years in exile on 20 March 1894. Márkus personally arranged for the repatriation of his corpse. Amid a sensitive political climate, Kossuth was buried in the Kerepesi Cemetery following a huge and ceremonious funeral procession on 1 April 1894. Having regard to the monarch Francis Joseph and the Austrian counterpart, the Hungarian cabinet did not represent officially itself at the event. On behalf of the city administration, Márkus actively involved in the organization of the funeral. Kamermayer also had to stay away from the ceremony, thus Budapest was represented by First Deputy Mayor Károly Gerlóczy at the highest level, who gave a speech too.
József Antall
József Antall Jr. (8 April 1932–12 December 1993) was a Hungarian teacher, librarian, historian, and statesman who served as the first democratically elected Prime Minister of Hungary after the fall of communism (23 May 1990–12 December 1993, his death). He was the leader of the Hungarian Democratic Forum between 1989 and 1993.
János Lázár
János Lázár (born 19 February 1975) is a Hungarian politician and Member of Parliament. He was former leader of the Fidesz parliamentary group (2010–2012) and State Secretary, then Minister of Prime Minister's Office (2012–2018) in the cabinets of Viktor Orbán. In this capacity, he was regarded as "de facto" the second most powerful member of the cabinet, but lost political influence by 2018. He also served as Mayor of Hódmezővásárhely from 2002 to 2012.
Revolutionary Workers'-Peasants' Government of Hungary
On November 2, János Kádár, who had by that time severed relations with the Nagy government, officially "somewhere in eastern Hungary"
but probably in the Carpatho-Ukrainian town of Uzhgorod, began to organize "a new revolutionary center" to overthrow the Nagy government with Soviet help. On November 4, at 04.05 hours on Radio Szolnok Ferenc Münnich announced the establishment of the "Revolutionary Workers'-Peasants' Government of Hungary". Shortly after 05.00 hours on János Kádár announced on Radio Szolnok the composition of the new "Revolutionary Workers'-Peasants' Government" under his prime ministership, oulined its program, and called for support. On 4 November, Kádár's government appealed to the Soviet Union to help suppress the "counterrevolutionaries". Kádár reached Budapest on 7 November with a Soviet military convoy.
Gyula Kádár
Gyula Kádár (16 December 1898 - 14 March 1982) was a Hungarian military officer who was the head of the Hungarian military intelligence from August 1943 until the occupation of Hungary by Nazi German forces during World War II.
Gábor Kemény (politician, 1910–1946)
Baron Gábor Kemény (14 December 1910 – 19 March 1946) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of National Unity led by Szálasi between 1944 and 1945. He prevented the diplomatic protests against the terror. After the fall of Budapest he tried to escape into Western Europe, but the arriving American troops captured him with other members of the Arrow Cross Party's government. He was tried by the People's Tribunal in Budapest in open sessions and sentenced to death for war crimes and high treason. Kemény was hanged in 1946 in Budapest. He was the youngest member of that Government.
Béla Kádár
Béla Kádár (1877–1956) was a Hungarian painter influenced by Der Blaue Reiter, Cubism, Futurism, Neo-Primitivism, Constructivism, and Metaphysical painting.
Lajos Jánossy
After the 1919 fall of the early Hungarian Soviet Republic, his mother and stepfather, Gertrúd Borstieber and György Lukács, left the country together, and moved to Vienna. Thus, from the age of 6, Jánossy lived abroad: he attended university in Vienna and, later, in Berlin. He worked in the laboratory of Werner Kolhörster in Berlin (1934–1936) focusing on astrophysics until he and his wife had to move again, feeling Nazism. He started working with P.M.S. Blackett — who became a Nobel laureate in 1948 — concentrating on cosmic radiation at Birkbeck College in London, heading the cosmic radiation research group and later at Manchester University. In 1947 invited by Walter Heitler and Erwin Schrödinger he joined the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies as a professor and group leader of the cosmic rays research laboratory.
Alhar Bikaneri
On 17 June 2009, at age 72, Alhar died. He had been suffering from respiratory health problems. He was admitted to a hospital in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. In his memory every year on his birthday, various functions are organised by his family and friends. In 2010, Kavi sammelan was organised which was attended by various famous poets . On the occasion "Alhar ji" was remembered & poets expressed their feelings & respect for him by dedicating there poems for Alharji. In 2011,on his 74th birthday, Haryana Chief Minister Honorable Mr. Bhoopendra Singh Hooda had released his last book " Man mast hua" at Haryana Bhawan, New delhi. In 2012,Kaka Hathrasi honouring Alhar Bikaneri with Kaka Hathrasi award(1986). On his 75th Birthday a large gathering was organised was Akhil Bharatiya Kavi Sammelan organised at LTG Auditorium by Haryana Sahitya Academy and Chetna India of Delhi. This program was attended by Delhi Assembly Speaker, many ministers & poets was also available on the occasion.
János Brenner
Blessed János (Anasztáz) Brenner (17 December 1931 – 15 December 1957) was a Hungarian Roman Catholic priest and professed member of the Cistercian Order. Brenner studied for the priesthood during a period of communist persecution of religious orders. Communist authorities came to suspect him of being critical of their regime; his success as a youth chaplain made him a threat. As a consequence, he was murdered by hired men who stabbed him 32 times and inflicted severe wounds to his head. He died soon after having been hurled into a ditch in the woods. The beatification took place on 1 May 2018 in Szombathely.
Gyula Kádár
He was arrested on 20 September 1945, when he entered Hungary at Hegyeshalom by the Military Political Department (the new military intelligence agency under communist leadership). He was handed over to the Soviets, and a Soviet military tribunal sentenced him to 15 years forced labor in the Soviet Union, as a war criminal. He returned home 10 years later, in 1955. When he entered the country he was arrested and investigated again, until he was released from captivity on 25 September 1956.
Gyula O. H. Katona
Katona was secretary-general of the János Bolyai Mathematical Society from 1990 to 1996. In 1966 and 1968 he won the Grünwald Prize, awarded by the Bolyai Society to outstanding young mathematicians, he was awarded the Alfréd Rényi Prize of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1975, and the same academy awarded him the Prize of the Academy in 1989. In 2011 the Alfréd Rényi Institute, the János Bolyai Society and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences organized a conference in honor of Katona's 70th birthday.
Sándor Zöld
Sándor Zöld (19 May 1913, Oradea – 20 April 1951) was a Hungarian communist politician, who served as interior minister between 1950 and 1951. He followed János Kádár in this position.
Josep Maria Corredor i Pomés
Born on 3 June 1912 in Girona, he was the youngest of the three sons of Manuel Corredor and Serafina Pomés. After the proclamation of the second Spanish Republic he joined the progressive and intellectual movements of his city and started to write in the local press. After studying to become a school teacher in Girona he moved first to Madrid and then to Barcelona to study philosophy. At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1936 he had to interrupt his studies and join the army. At the end of the War and with the republicans defeated, Corredor went into exile in Montpellier and finished his studies at the University there. When the Second World War ended he settled in the French Catalan city of Perpignan where he was married, had a daughter and started a prolific career as a cultural activist. Shortly he met the main figures from the Catalan exile such as Pompeu Fabra, Antoni Rovira i Virgili and Pablo Casals to whom Corredor became personal secretary. As a result of his relationship with the cellist, in 1955 appeared the book "Conversations avec Pablo Casals: souvenirs et opinions d'un musicien". The book was an instant success and it was edited and translated to several languages. Josep Maria Corredor was also the catalyst for an international campaign to build a tomb for the Spanish poet Antonio Machado in Collioure. During the 1960s Corredor resumed his collaborations with the Catalan press and following the death of the dictator Francisco Franco he returned to Girona. However, the Spanish transition to democracy disappointed him and he found himself out of place. On 29 September 1981 Corredor committed suicide in Perpignan, where he is buried.
Konrad Fuchs
Konrad Fuchs (October 15, 1897 Dingelsdorf near Konstanz - November 13, 2006 in Hegne (Baden-Württemberg)) was, at the time of his death, the oldest living Catholic priest in Europe at 109 years and 29 days old, Germany's second-oldest man, and one of the last German First World War veterans. He was the son of a churchwarden. Fuchs met Georg Gänswein when Ganswein was an altar boy, the two kept in touch and continued to correspond in Fuchs' last years when Ganswein was secretary to Pope Benedict XVI.
János Kádár
His mother was able to visit during the holidays, meaning only a few times a year. His foster father, Imre Bálint took care of him. But it was Bálint's brother, Sándor Bálint, Kádár would remember as his "true" foster father. While Imre had joined the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I, Sándor was left to take care of Kádár. Sándor clearly showed much interest in the boy, and seems to be the only man Kádár had a good relationship with throughout his early childhood. Due to the great strain put on the family because of World War I, Kádár started working at an early age and helped Sándor take care of his sick wife. Kádár, as an old man, noted how early experiences in his childhood moved him towards Marxist-Leninism, the most notable one being when he was accused of setting a building on fire instead of catching the true culprit, the inspector's son. Suddenly in 1918, at the age of six, Borbála reclaimed him, moved him to Budapest and enrolled him in school. In school he got bullied by classmates and his teacher for his bumpkin manners and his peasant terms. At the same time as his troubles at school, it took time before he and Borbála became "friends". His mother being a devoted Catholic, was surprised to find out that Kádár was not brought up as one.
János Kádár
After the German invasion of Hungary, the Peace Party, with other parties, established the Hungarian Front, the party's potential allies were still very wary of them. Therefore, the Popular Front was never able to win much support amongst the populace. In the aftermath of the invasion, the party under Kádár's leadership started partistan operations and created their own Military Committee. Kádár tried to cross the border into Yugoslavia in hope of making contact with the Yugoslav partisans and their leader, Josip Broz Tito. At the same time, Kádár probably hoped to establish better, and stronger, relations with the USSR; something they had been trying to do since 1942. Kádár was given a new identity as an army corporal trying to cross the Hungarian-Yugoslav border. This attempt failed, and he was sentenced to two and a half years in prison. The authorities never figured out his real identity therefore members such as Rákosi thought he was a secret agent for the police. There is however no hard proof for these accusations, and incompetence remains the sole plausible reason. It was later proven, when SS officer Otto Winckelmann reported to Berlin that Kádár had been arrested, they had mistakenly confused Kádár for another communist.
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
At 06:00, on 4 November, in the town of Szolnok, János Kádár proclaimed the "Hungarian Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government". His statement declared "We must put an end to the excesses of the counter-revolutionary elements. The hour for action has sounded. We are going to defend the interest of the workers and peasants and the achievements of the people's democracy." Later that evening, Kádár called upon "the faithful fighters of the true cause of socialism" to come out of hiding and take up arms. However, Hungarian support did not materialise; the fighting did not take on the character of an internally divisive civil war, but rather, in the words of a United Nations report, that of "a well-equipped foreign army crushing by overwhelming force a national movement and eliminating the Government."
József Mindszenty
György Aczél, the communist official in charge of all cultural and religious matters in Hungary, felt increasingly uncomfortable about the situation in the late 1960s when Mindszenty fell seriously ill and rumors spread of his impending death. Yet Aczél failed to convince party leader János Kádár that freeing Mindszenty would create valuable confusion in the Holy See and allow the state to better control the remaining clergy.