What was Hans Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff's most famous painting?
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
Knobelsdorff was involved in the construction of St. Hedwig's Cathedral, but it is uncertain to what extent. Frederick II presented the Catholic community with complete building plans, which were probably primarily his ideas which were then realized by Knobelsdorff. The opera house, by contrast, was completely designed by Knobelsdorff and is considered to be one of his most important works. For the frontage of the externally modestly structured building the architect followed the model of two views from Colin Campbell's ""Vitruvius Britannicus"", one of the most important collections of architectonic engravings, which included works of English Palladian architecture. For the interior he designed a series of three prominent rooms with different functions, which were at different levels, and were decorated differently: the Apollo Hall, the spectator viewing area, and the stage. By technical means they could be turned into one large room for major festivities. Knobelsdorff described the technical features in a Berlin newspaper, proudly commenting that "this theater is one of the longest and widest in the world". In 1843 the building burned down to the foundation. In World War II it suffered several times from bombing. Each time the rebuilding followed Knobelsdorff's intentions, but there were also clear modifications of both the facing and the interior. Soon after they were completed, the opera house and St. Hedwig's Cathedral were featured in textbooks and manuals on architecture.
Polychronis Lembesis
Lembesis' work is characterised by a particular skill in achieving perfect chromatic tones and a clarity of design. He is considered the most romantic of all the romantic painters of the Munich School. He admired Murillo, and often used in his works a similar contradiction of vivid light and dark colours to emphasise chromatically the scenes that he painted.
There are around 100 known works. Some of his most famous paintings that are exhibited at the National Gallery of Athens: "Nude" ("Γυμνό"), "The Boy with the Rabbits" ("Το αγόρι με τα κουνέλια"), "The Artist's Niece" ("Η ανηψιά του καλλιτέχνη"), "A Portrait of my Brother" ("Προσωπογραφία του αδελφού του"). Others are "The Girl with the Birds" ("Το κορίτσι με τα περιστέρια") at the Averoff Gallery in Metsovo, and "The Street boy" ("Το αλητόπαιδο") at the Telloglio Foundation in Thessaloniki.
Italian art
Leonardo da Vinci painted two of the most famous works of Renaissance art, the wallpainting "The Last Supper" and the portrait "Mona Lisa". Leonardo had one of the most searching minds in all history. He wanted to know how everything that he saw in nature worked. In over 4,000 pages of notebooks, he drew detailed diagrams and wrote his observations. Leonardo made careful drawings of human skeletons and muscles, trying to learn how the body worked. Due to his inquiring mind, Leonardo has become a symbol of the Renaissance spirit of learning and intellectual curiosity.
Józef Simmler
Perhaps his most famous work is "Death of Barbara Radziwillowna" (""Śmierć Barbary Radziwiłłówny""), an oil on canvas work completed in 1860. The painting gained immense popularity when the Warsaw-based Society for the Promotion of the Fine Arts, a newly formed institution with the goal of encourage and promote domestic art and artists, put it on exhibit in 1861. It now hangs in the National Museum, Warsaw. His other famous paintings are “Children of King Edward” (1847) and “Portrait of a Nobleman with a Parrot” (1859).
Night in paintings (Western art)
"The Night Watch" or "The Shooting Company of Frans Banning Cocq" by Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn is one of the most famous paintings in the world. One of its key elements is the effective use of light and shadow (chiaroscuro). Made in 1642, it depicts the eponymous company moving out, led by Captain Frans Banning Cocq (dressed in black, with a red sash) and his lieutenant, Willem van Ruytenburch (dressed in yellow, with a white sash). With effective use of sunlight and shade, Rembrandt leads the eye to the three most important characters among the crowd, the two gentlemen in the centre (from whom the painting gets its original title), and the small girl in the centre left background.
Rudolf Frentz
Since 1904 Rudolf Frentz participated in Art Exhibitions. He painted battle scenes, genre and historical paintings, portraits, landscapes, and cityscapes, the most famous being his battle and animal paintings. Among his most famous paintings were ″"On Znamenskaya Square in the February days of 1917"″ (1917), ″"Kryukov Channel"″ (1920), ″"Still Life"″, ″"Roadhog"″ (both 1921), ″"Carousel"″ (1922), ″"Nevsky Prospekt in the Night. A Cabman"″, ″"A Folk festivitie"″ (both 1923), ″"The storming of the Winter Palace"″, ″"Horsewoman"″ (both 1925), ″"A Portrait of wife"″ (1926), ″"The defense of Petrograd from Yudenich"″ (1928), ″"Sergey Kirov at the May Day Parade"″, ″"A Workers of the Southern Urals join a Blucher's partisan detachment"″ (1929), ″"Storm of Kronstadt"″ (1935), ″"Sergey Kirov in the North Caucasus"″, ″"Joint actions of tanks, aircraft and cavalry. Combined attack"″ (both 1937), ″"Mikhail Frunze manages the crossing over Sivash"″ (1940), ″"Guerrilla paths"″ (1947), ″"Stalingrad. February 2, 1943'″ (1950).
Lawrence Alma-Tadema
One of his most famous paintings is "The Roses of Heliogabalus" (1888) – based on an episode from the life of the debauched Roman Emperor Elagabalus (Heliogabalus), the painting depicts the Emperor suffocating his guests at an orgy under a cascade of rose petals. The blossoms depicted were sent weekly to the artist's London studio from the Riviera for four months during the winter of 1887–1888.
Erich Kettelhut
In 1924, Kettelhut worked on one of his most important films, "Die Nibelungen". With Lang again as director, he reassembled the team of Hunte, Vollbrecht and Kettelhut, charged with designing the mythical world of Siegfried and the Nibelungen. Hunte was placed in charge of set design and construction, while Kettelhut and Vollbrecht assisted as set collaborators, though Kettelhut's speciality was in architectural designs and models. Kettelhut not only created the architectural feel of the film, designing the buildings such as the Icelandic castle surrounded by fire from Part I, but he was also heavily involved in designing more mechanical elements, most notably the life-sized dragon slayed by Siegfried. Shortly before his death, Kettelhut was persuaded to sell his original production drawings from "Die Nibelungen" to the Deutsche Kinemathek, and subsequently they have been shown as part of exhibitions in the museum of cinema in Berlin and the Centre Georges Pompidou in France. "Die Nibelungen" brought Kettelhut into a working relationship with cameraman Günther Rittau. The two worked together several times in the future, but their most impressive collaboration was on their next Fritz Lang film, "Metropolis" (1927). Lang kept faith with his old team and with Hunte as lead, Vollbrecht and Kettelhut were brought in to design the cityscape central to the sci-fi dystopia of the film. Kettelhut's drawing's originally featured a large Gothic cathedral style building amongst the skyscrapers, but this was rejected by Lang who had visions of a city which had rejected religion and instead had built a 'Tower of Babel'. Rittau and Kettelhut worked closely, not only to realise Lang's vision, but also on early special effects to bring the enormity of the city to life. Kettelhut's is credited with the positions of Art Direction and Art Department on "Metropolis", but also undertook several uncredited roles, including special effects, visual effects and technical consultant.
John Reinhard Weguelin
Weguelin's most famous painting is probably "Lesbia" (1878), inspired by the woman who inspired many of the Roman poet Catullus' works. Catullus used the pseudonym "Lesbia" to refer to an aristocratic lover whom he did not wish to scandalize, although their relationship was tumultuous, and Catullus writes bitterly of its ending. She is widely supposed to have been Clodia, around whom swirled rumors and scandals involving some of the most prominent men at Rome, although no contemporary source makes that identification, and this element of mystery adds to the appeal of both the poems and Weguelin's painting.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
This influence turned out to be determinative for the design of the Golden Gallery in the New Wing of Charlottenburg Palace, a masterpiece of Frederician rokoko, built between 1741 and 1746. It was destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. The artist, who himself had a lifelong affinity with nature, created here an artistic realm which was intended to evoke and glorify nature. At the same time the scenery of the actual palace park was brought into the room with the help of mirrors. The gallery is 42 meters long; the walls are covered with chrysoprase green scagliola; ornaments, benches and corbels are gilded. The walls and ceiling are covered with ornaments based in most cases on plant motifs. Watteau's notion of ornamental grotesques—a frame of fanciful plants and architectonic motifs surrounds a scene showing trees and people undertaking rural pleasures—clearly often served as inspiration.
Ken Russell
Between 1959 and 1970, Russell directed art documentaries for "Monitor" and "Omnibus". His best known works during this period include: "Elgar" (1962), "The Debussy Film" (1965), "Isadora Duncan, the Biggest Dancer in the World" (1967), "Song of Summer" (about Frederick Delius and Eric Fenby, 1968) and "Dance of the Seven Veils" (1970), a film about Richard Strauss. He once said that the best film he ever made was "Song of Summer", and that he would not edit a single shot.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
At the time the crown prince, who had been appointed a colonel when he turned 20, took over responsibility for a regiment in the garrison town of Neuruppin. Knobelsdorf became his partner in discussions and advised him on issues of art and architecture. Immediately in front of the city walls they jointly planned the Amalthea garden, which contained a monopteros, a little Apollo temple of classical design. This was the first construction of its type on the European continent and Knobelsdorff's first creation as Frederick the Great's architect. This was where they made music, philosophized, and celebrated, and also after the crown prince had moved to nearby Rheinsberg Castle he frequently visited the temple garden during visits connected with his duties as commander in the Neuruppin garrison.
Meister des Göttinger Barfüßeraltars
Little is known of the painter himself, although he is also referred to as the "Meister der Hildesheimer Magdalenenlegende" for a work attributed to him in Hildesheim, at the Magdalenenkirche. The altarpiece panels are now housed in a variety of different museums. For instance the "Noli me tangere" is in the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart. These scenes which depict the legend of Mary Magdalene ("Magdalenenlegende") are thought to be his earliest known work.
The Blind Leading the Blind
"The Blind Leading the Blind" has been considered one of the great masterpieces of painting. Bruegel's is the earliest surviving painting whose subject is the parable of the blind leading the blind, though there are earlier engravings from the Low Countries known that Bruegel was likely aware of, including attributed to Bosch, and by Cornelis Massijs. Bruegel's paintings have enjoyed worldwide popularity and have been the subjects of scholarly works in disciplines even outside the arts, such as medicine.
Angelo Toselli
In 1817-1820 he created his most famous work, "Panorama of Saint Petersburg" as seen from Kunstkamera tower (watercolor, gouache, 0,51 х 6,56 m., collection of the Hermitage Museum). Intended to be shown as a single unit, later it was cut into 6 separate sheets. In 1991 "Khudozhnik RSFSR" published an album with reproductions of this work.
Mr and Mrs Andrews
Mr and Mrs Andrews is an oil on canvas portrait of about 1750 by Thomas Gainsborough, now in the National Gallery, London. Today it is one of his most famous works, but it remained in the family of the sitters until 1960 and was very little known before it appeared in an exhibition in Ipswich in 1927, after which it was regularly requested for other exhibitions in Britain and abroad, and praised by critics for its charm and freshness. By the post-war years its iconic status was established, and it was one of four paintings chosen to represent British art in an exhibition in Paris celebrating the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. Soon the painting began to receive hostile scrutiny as a paradigm of the paternalist and capitalist society of 18th-century England, but it remains a firm popular favourite.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
Beginning of 1746 Knobelsdorff purchased at a good price extensive grounds on the verge of the "Tiergarten" at an auction. It was situated between the victory column and the Spree River, about where today Bellevue Palace is located. The property included a mulberry plantation, meadows and farmland, vegetable beds and two dairys. Knobelsdorff had a new main building erected, externally a plain garden house. The wall and ceiling paintings in several rooms were considered to be a present from Antoine Pesne to his student and friend. The building was demolished in 1938. A number of biographers were of the opinion that Knobelsdorff used his property in the "Tiergarten" only to spend the idyllic summer months there together with his family each year. But the fact is that this land was intensively cultivated as both a fruit and a vegetable garden and turned out to be a useful investment. Knobelsdorff himself read books about the care of fruit trees and the cultivation of vegetables. One of them, ("Ecole du Jardin potageur") contained a taxonomy of various kinds of vegetables, organized according to their curative powers. This gave rise to the suspicion that Knobelsdorff hoped for some relief from his chronic health problems from the plants in his garden.
Museum Wiesbaden
The Art collection of the Museum Wiesbaden is one of the most important art collections in Germany after 1945. It starts with Art Informel. Here the German artists Karl Otto Götz ("Krakmo", 1958), Otto Greis, Heinz Kreutz, Fred Thieler, Emil Schumacher, Hann Trier, Gerhard Hoehme and Bernard Schultze ("Venen und Tang", "Veins and Seaweed", 1955) are shown. The museum owns several of Bernard Schultze's "Migofs", a title which he attached to his sculptural works. The other positions of art of the 1940s and 1950s are envisioned by Ernst Wilhelm Nay with his painting "Afrikanisch" ("African", 1954), Willi Baumeister, Max Ackermann, Rolf Cavael, Fritz Winter and above all the painter Otto Ritschl from Wiesbaden with his painting "Komposition" (1955).
Hans Müller-Schlösser
Hans Müller-Schlösser (born June 14, 1884 in Düsseldorf– March 21, 1956 in Düsseldorf) was a German poet and playwright closely associated with his native city of Düsseldorf. Müller-Schlösser is best known for his 1913 play "Wibbel the Tailor", which inspired a 1938 opera by Mark Lothar and a number of film adaptations including "Wibbel the Tailor" (1931) directed by and starring Paul Henckels.
Ernst Stückelberg (painter)
During this time, he also managed to complete a commission for Peter Conradin von Planta, which is probably his best known work, 'The last Knight of the Hohenrätien plunges into the Depths of the Via Mala', and hangs in the Federal Gallery of Chur. Now perhaps accustomed to "untransportable" works, he produced a mural, 'Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam' in Basel (1882), a fresco, 'Crowning of the troubadour Hadlaub' in Zurich (1883), and began several paintings, 'The Last Knight of Realt', a portrait of his mother, another of his wife, 'Supper on Manegg' (at the behest of Melchior Römer, the City President of Zurich, 1885), 'Consoler of the Orphan', 'Love Garden', 'Queen Bertha', 'Autumn Song', and 'Wildenstein Castle (Bubendorf)', where he had stayed in the summer of 1886.
Anton Graff
Graff made portraits of nearly 1,000 of his contemporaries and was the leading portrait painter in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th century. Graff was also the main portrait painter of German poets between the Enlightenment and the early Romantic periods. Many of them were also his friends, like Johann Wolfgang von Goethe whom he met in Dresden in 1768. Graff was the favourite portrait painter of the German, Russian, Polish and Baltic nobility. Among others he portrayed Stanislaw Kostka Potocki. His most important clients included Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia. His portrait of Frederick the Great is regarded as his masterpiece. The painting is exhibited at Schloss Charlottenburg. Frederick the Great never posed for Graff. However, Graff got the authorization to watch the troops parade in 1781. This was the chance for Graff to study the physiognomy of the King and this was the base to paint the best known portrait of Frederick the Great.
Saint John's Co-Cathedral
The painting depicting "The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist" (1608) by Caravaggio (1571–1610) is the most famous work in the church. Considered one of Caravaggio's masterpieces, the largest canvas he painted and the only painting signed by the painter, the canvas is displayed in the Oratory for which it was painted. Restored in the late 1990s in Florence, this painting is one of Caravaggio's most impressive uses of the chiaroscuro style for which he is most famous with a circle of light illuminating the scene of St John's beheading at the request of Salome. The oratory also houses Caravaggio's "Saint Jerome Writing" (1607–1608).
Another impressive feature of the church is the collection of marble tombstones in the nave in which were buried important knights. The more important knights were placed closer to the front of the church. These tombstones, richly decorated with in-laid marble and with the coats of arms of the knight buried below as well as images relevant to that knight, often telling a story of triumph in battle, form a rich visual display in the church.
German Renaissance
Albrecht Dürer was at the time, and remains, the most famous artist of the German Renaissance. He was famous across Europe, and greatly admired in Italy, where his work was mainly known through his prints. He successfully integrated an elaborate Northern style with Renaissance harmony and monumentality. Among his best known works are "Melencolia I", the "Four Horsemen" from his woodcut "Apocalypse" series, and "Death, the Knight, and the Devil". Other significant artists were Lucas Cranach the Elder, the Danube School and the Little Masters.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
Hans Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (17 February 1699 – 16 September 1753) was a painter and architect in Prussia.
Viktor Vasnetsov
While living in Kiev, Vasnetsov made friends with Mikhail Vrubel, who was also involved in the cathedral's decoration. While they worked together, Vasnetsov taught the younger artist a great deal. It was in Kiev that Vasnetsov finally finished "Ivan Tsarevich Riding a Grey Wolf" and started his most famous painting, the "Bogatyrs".
Vincent van Gogh (Russell painting)
In 2012, Brigitte Banziger and David Hulme argued that, while paintings such as Tom Roberts' "Shearing the Rams" (1890) or Frederick McCubbin's "Down on His Luck" (1889) are often called "Australia's most famous painting", Russell's "Vincent van Gogh" may be more deserving of the title due to its global reputation.Books
Journals
Alexander von Knobelsdorff
Knobelsdorff, originally a cavalry officer, had received awards in the Silesian Wars and was commander of the regiments of Brunswick-Severn on foot and black on foot before 1776 as a colonel and chief of the regiment took Stojentin walk in Stendal. In the War of the Bavarian Succession in 1778, he led a brigade in the army of Prince Henry, and distinguished himself in it. In the campaign against Holland in 1787, he led the division on the left wing. The army leader at that time was the Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick. At the outbreak of war in 1792 against France, he remained in Stendal, while his regiment joined the corps of the Duke of Brunswick. However, as the worsening war situation in March 1793, when the Duke fell ill and had to leave the coalition forces, Knobelsdorff took over for him as the supreme commander of the Prussian troops. In the summer of 1793, Knobelsdorff was promoted to lieutenant general and given a special praise of the king. As a frequent guest of the king, he was promoted to field marshal general and was still one in the autumn of 1799, when he participated in maneuvers at Potsdam. When he suffered in December 1799 in Stendal from a stroke, his soldier's life ended in the city of his regiment. Knobelsdorff stood in front of the lodge in Stendal "The Golden Crown" for years as Worshipful Master. He was formed as a famous person and known as a great hunter and nature and the environment lover and knew the Stendal Letzlinger Heath very well, which he used for hiking and hunting trips. One of his most famous pupils is General Ernst von Ruchel, inspector general of the Prussian military education and "Mitverlierer" the Battle of Jena on 14 October 1806.
Hans Memling
He may have been wounded at the Battle of Nancy (1477), sheltered and cured by the Hospitallers at Bruges and to show his gratitude he refused payment for a picture he had painted for them. Memling did paint for the Hospitallers in 1479 and 1480, and it is likely that he was known to the patrons of St John prior to the Battle of Nancy. In 1477, when he was believed dead, he was under contract to create an altarpiece for the gild-chapel of the booksellers of Bruges. This altarpiece, "Scenes of the Passion of Christ", now in the Galleria Sabauda of Turin, is not inferior in any way to those of 1479 in the Hospital of St. John, which for their part are hardly less interesting as illustrative of the master's power than "The Last Judgment", which since the 1470s, is in the National Museum, Gdańsk. Critical opinion has been generally unanimous in assigning this altarpiece to Memling. This is evidence that Memling was a resident of Bruges in 1473; for the "Last Judgment" was likely painted and sold to a merchant at Bruges, who shipped it there on board a vessel bound to the Mediterranean which was captured by Danzig privateer Paul Beneke in that very year. The purchase of his pictures by an agent of the Medici demonstrates that he had a considerable reputation.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
As a precondition to redesigning the "Tiergarten", large portions of the grounds had to be drained. In many cases Knobelsdorff gave the necessary drainage ditches the form of natural waterfalls, a solution which Friedrich II later praised. The actual work began with the improvement of the main axis of the park, a path which extended the boulevard "Unter den Linden" through the "Tiergarten" to Charlottenburg (now Strasse des 17. Juni. This road was lined with hedges, and the junction of eight avenues marked by the Berlin victory column (Siegessäule) was decorated with 16 statues. To the south Knobelsdorff arranged for three so-called labyrinths (these were actually mazes) in the pattern of famous French parks—areas separated off with artistically designed intertwined hedgerows. Especially in the eastern part of the park near the Brandenburg Gate there was a dense network of pathways which constantly intersected and contained many "salons" and "cabinets"—small enclosed areas so to speak "furnished" with benches and fountains. Knobelsdorff's successor, the court gardener Justus Ehrenreich Sello, began the modification of these late Barock pleasure grounds in the style of the new ideal of an English landscape park. Toward the end of the 18th century there was hardly anything left of Knobelsdorff's version except for the main features of the system of paths. But the fact remains that he designed the first park in Germany open to the public from the very beginning.
Sandro Botticelli
As well as the small number of mythological subjects which are his best known works today, he painted a wide range of religious subjects and also some portraits. He and his workshop were especially known for their "Madonna and Child"s, many in the round tondo shape. Botticelli's best-known works are "The Birth of Venus" and "Primavera", both in the Uffizi in Florence. He lived all his life in the same neighbourhood of Florence, with probably his only significant time elsewhere the months he spent painting in Pisa in 1474 and the Sistine Chapel in Rome in 1481–82.
Hans Kloss (artist)
Kloss' most famous work is his "", a panoramic painting depicting in great detail the history of the House of Hohenstaufen, a powerful ruling house in the 12th and 13th centuries. Located in , his panorama is long and tall. He started the painting in 1997, and completed it in 2002, the 900th anniversary of the monastery. Starting in 2012, Kloss was working on a new 47 square meter "Staufersaga-Panorama", which he completed in 2015.
It can be seen in the new "Panoramamuseum Schwäbisch Gmünd".
Gillis van Valckenborch
Gillis van Valckenborch left only seven fully signed and dated paintings. His "Defeat of Sanherib" in the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum is one of his fully signed paintings. His known oeuvre of about 40 works has been attributed on the basis of his few signed paintings. He worked in a late Mannerist style.
Gillis van Valckenborch painted biblical and mythological scenes and figures, as well as protagonists from Greek and Roman history set in landscapes. Gillis van Valckenborch's many large-scale compositions are populated by an abundance of dynamic figures. Most of his surviving works are on large canvases of an oblong format, a type also favoured by his uncle Lucas. A characteristic feature of his work is the lively colouring, for which he primarily used pink and light blue hues. He often returned to the theme of the "Feast of the Gods". The most famous rendering of this theme is kept in the collection of Count Schönborn-Wiesentheit in Pommersfelden castle. He drew inspiration from the innovative works by the School of Prague such as Bartholomeus Spranger and the movement of international Mannerism.
Antonio Canova
"Venus Victrix" ranks among the most famous of Canova's works. Originally, Canova wished the depictation to be of a robed Diana, but Pauline Borghese insisted to appear as a nude Venus. The work was not intended for public viewing.
August Weckesser
Much of this was, again, financed by merchants who were sympathetic to the patriotic themes inherent in his work.. Among his best known paintings are those depicting the death of Huldrych Zwingli, and begging Agnes of Austria to have mercy on her husband, who was implicated in an assassination plot. The latter may be seen at Schloss Kyburg.
Thomas Davidson (painter)
Davidson specialised in historical naval scenes. For periods his painting focused on particular themes; for example, he completed between 1894 and 1899 a series relating to Lord Nelson, including the referential "England's Pride and Glory" (1894) which incorporates remarkable reproductions of three Nelson-related works by other painters. The large painting to the left is George Arnald's "The Destruction of 'L'Orient' at the Battle of the Nile, 1 August 1798"; at the upper-right is Richard Westall's "Nelson in conflict with a Spanish launch, 3 July 1797"; and, to the lower-right, the most famous portrait of Nelson, by Lemuel Francis Abbott. Several other of Davidson's paintings illustrate episodes in the work of the Brontë family.
Hans Hinrich Rundt
The earliest works reliably attributed to him are engravings for the "Thesauros Exoticorum" by Eberhard Werner Happel (known as "Happelius") and for "Viel vermehrte Moscowitische und Persianische Reisebeschreibungen" by Adam Olearius, both in 1688. His first oil painting appears to have been his self-portrait. He also produced murals for the in 1705 and Saint James' Church. His last known painting was a portrait of someone named Johann Hanker for St. Peter's Church. Much of his work has been lost or destroyed.
Friedrich Kaulbach
Kaulbach served as the court painter to King George V, whom he repeatedly portrayed, where he was a favorite portrait painter of the local nobility. While he was the court painter to Hanover, he received a professorship at the University of Hanover; among other benefits, the king gave his own studio and residential building, designed by the architect of the Hanoverian Christian Heinrich Tramm 1857-60 on Waterloo Street in Hanover. The house today is part of the Waterloo Beergarden. In her memoirs, his daughter Isidore described the visitors to the family home, who included Johannes Brahms, Clara Schumann, Franz Liszt, Joseph Joachim, Ernst von Wildenbruch and Anton Rubinstein.
His numerous portraits, such as those of the Sissy, the Empress of Austria, the Crown Prince Albrecht, the Count and Countess Stolberg, are extraordinarily detailed, even luminescent. The best women's portraits have enhanced his reputation. Kaulbach received the Gold Medal from the Berlin Art Academy at the Vienna World Exhibition of 1873.
Joshua Reynolds
Although not known principally for his landscapes, Reynolds did paint in this genre. He had an excellent vantage from his house, Wick House, on Richmond Hill, and painted the view in about 1780.
Reynolds also was recognized for his portraits of children. He emphasized the innocence and natural grace of children when depicting them. His 1788 portrait, "Age of Innocence", is his best known character study of a child. The subject of the painting is not known, although conjecture includes Theophila Gwatkin, his great niece, and Lady Anne Spencer, the youngest daughter of the fourth Duke of Marlborough.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
His interest in architecture developed in a roundabout way, and came from representing buildings in his pictures. Later, the pictorial aspect of his architectural sketches was often noted and met with varying reactions. Heinrich Ludwig Manger, as an architect more a technician than an artist, wrote with a critical undertone in 1789 in his "Baugeschichte von Potsdam", that Knobelsdorff designed his buildings "merely in a perspective and picturesque way", but praised his paintings. Frederick the Great, in contrast, commented positively on the architect's "picturesque style" ("gout pittoresque"). There is also no evidence that the informal style of his drawings ever posed a serious impediment to the execution of his buildings.
John Constable
Constable's most famous paintings include "Wivenhoe Park" of 1816, "Dedham Vale" of 1802 and "The Hay Wain" of 1821. Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British art, he was never financially successful. He became a member of the establishment after he was elected to the Royal Academy at the age of 52. His work was embraced in France, where he sold more than in his native England and inspired the Barbizon school.
Jerg Ratgeb
From 1514 to 1517 he was in Frankfurt am Main, where he painted the walls of the refectory and cloister of the "Karmeliterkloster" (Carmelite Monastery). The paintings, of which only fragments survive, are the largest wall paintings known to the north of the Alps from that period. His most famous work is the Herrenberg Altarpiece, completed in 1521. It was originally painted for the "Stiftskirche" (abbey church) of Herrenberg. Today, it is on display in the Staatgalerie at Stuttgart. Ratgeb had developed a distinctive personal expressive style, visibly influenced by artists such as Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald and Hieronymus Bosch.
Jan Styka
In 1910 Styka painted a portrait of esteemed pianist and Polish statesman, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, which is now at the National Museum of Poland in Poznań. Previously, near the end of the 19th century, Paderewski had commissioned Styka to paint what would become his most famous work internationally. Originally entitled "Golgotha" (the Aramaic name for the site of Christ's crucifixion), the painting became known simply as "The Crucifixion". This piece is an enormous panorama standing long by in height.
Jean-Honoré Fragonard
One of Fragonard's most renowned paintings is "The Swing", also known as "The Happy Accidents of the Swing" (its original title), an oil painting in the Wallace Collection in London. It is considered to be one of the masterpieces of the rococo era, and is Fragonard's best known work. The painting portrays a young gentleman concealed in the bushes, observing a lady on swing being pushed by her spouse, who is standing in the background, hidden in the shadows, as he is unaware of the affair. As the lady swings forward, the young man gets a glimpse under her dress. 
According to Charles Collé's memoirs a young nobleman had requested this portrait of his mistress seated on a swing. He asked first Gabriel François Doyen to make this painting of him and his mistress. Not comfortable with this frivolous work, Doyen refused and passed on the commission to Fragonard.
Heinrich Mücke
Not content with liturgical art on canvas, Mücke relished the creation of expansive frescoes in some of the superb old buildings in Germany. The earliest well-known example is a series of many large images produced over a nine-year period at Castle Heltorf near Düsseldorf: "Scenes from life of Barbarossa" (1829–1938). In general Mücke's frescoes comprised early compositions, although these works were clearly interleaved in time with his liturgical oil paintings.
Transfiguration (Raphael)
The first descriptions of the painting after Raphael’s death in 1520 called the Transfiguration already a masterpiece, but this status evolved until the end of the 16th century. In his notes of a travel to Rome in 1577, the Spanish humanist Pablo de Céspedes called it the most famous oil-painting in the world for the first time. The painting would preserve this authority for more than 300 years. It was acknowledged and repeated by many authors, like the connoisseur François Raguenet, who analysed Raphael’s composition in 1701. In his opinion, its outline drawing, the effect of light, the colours and the arrangement of the figures made the Transfiguration the most perfect painting in the world.
Jonathan Richardson sen. and jun. dared to criticise the overwhelming status of the Transfiguration, asking if this painting could really be the most famous painting in the world: “Celui-cis est assurément le principal Tableau simple qu’il y ait à-present au Monde, & qui peut-être ait jamais été?” They criticised that the composition was divided into an upper and a lower half that would not correspond to each other. Also the lower half would draw to much attention instead of the upper half, while the full attention of the viewer should be paid to the figure of Christ alone.
This criticism did not diminish the fame of the painting, but provoked counter criticism by other connoisseurs and scholars. For the German speaking world, it was the assessment by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe that prevailed. He interpreted the upper and the lower half as complementary parts. This assessment was quoted by many authors and scholars during the 19th century and thus the authority of Goethe helped to save the fame of the Transfiguration.
Tenebrism
El Greco painted three versions of a composition with a boy, a man, and a monkey grouped in darkness around a single flame. Among the most well-known tenebrist artists are: Italian and Dutch followers (the Utrecht School) of Caravaggio, Francisco Ribalta, Jusepe de Ribera, and their Spanish followers.
Tenebrism is most often applied to seventeenth-century Spanish painters. It is sometimes applied to other seventeenth-century painters in what has been called the "candlelight tradition". These include Georges de La Tour, who painted many images lit by a single candle, Trophime Bigot, Gerrit van Honthorst, and Rembrandt. In Flanders Adam de Coster was recognized as a leading tenebrist who excelled in scenes in which a single candle has its light blocked by an object. The Dutch artist Godfried Schalcken painted many candle-lit scenes. The northern painters (but not always Rembrandt) often achieved a mood of stillness and tranquility through their extreme lighting, rather the reverse of the impression that Spanish painters intended. They are typically as interested in the very dimly-lit areas of the painting as the spot-lit ones, and their light diffuses gently across much of the picture area.
Lobkowicz Palace
The Lobkowicz Collections comprise approximately 1,500 paintings, including famous works by artists including Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Jan Brueghel the Elder, Bellotto, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Lucas Cranach the Younger, Diego Velázquez, Peter Paul Rubens, Paolo Veronese and Canaletto. The collections also include: an extensive collection of Spanish portraits; Central European portraits by Hans von Aachen and the School of Prague; Dutch, Flemish and German genre paintings; and over 50 paintings and watercolors of Lobkowicz residences by Carl Robert Croll.
The three most prestigious artworks in the collection are "Haymaking" (1565) by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, and two panoramic views of London by Canaletto. Other notable works include: "Hygieia Nourishing the Sacred Serpent" (c. 1614) by the Flemish master, Peter Paul Rubens; "The Virgin and Child with Saints Barbara and Catherine" (c. 1520) by Lucas Cranach the Elder; "Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery" (c. 1530) by Lucas Cranach the Younger; "Caritas Romana" (early-mid 16th century) by Georg Pencz and smaller paintings such as "A Village in Winter" (c. 1600) by Pieter Brueghel the Younger and "St. Martin Dividing his Cloak" (1611) by Jan Brueghel the Elder. Venetian painting of the 16th century is represented by Paolo Veronese's "David with the Head of Goliath" (1575).
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
In 1736 the crown prince gave Knobelsdorff an opportunity to go on a study tour to Italy, which lasted until spring 1737. His stops included Rome, Naples and vicinity, Florence and Venice. His recorded his impressions in a travel sketchbook which contains almost one hundred pencil drawings, but only of part of his trip since on the return stretch he broke his arm in a traffic accident between Rome and Florence. He was unable to carry out a secret mission which involved engaging Italian opera singers to come to Rheinsburg since the available funds were inadequate. Knobelsdorff wrote to the crown prince that "The castrati here cannot be tempted to leave [...] regular employment, especially for those from the poorer classes, is the reason why they prefer 100 Rthlr ("Reichstaler") in Rome to thousands abroad. In autumn 1740, shortly after Frederick assumed the throne, Knobelsdorff was sent on another study tour. In Paris only the work of the architect Perrault impressed him—the frontage of the Louvre and the garden side of the castle in Versailles. As to paintings, he listed those of Watteau, Poussin, Chardin and others. On the return trip via Flanders he saw paintings by van Dyck and Rubens.
Heinrich Anton Dähling
Heinrich Anton Dähling (19 January 1773 – 10 September 1850) was a historical and genre painter born in Hanover. In 1794 he went to Berlin, where he was engaged in miniature painting and as a teacher of drawing. In 1802 he visited Paris, and the study of the galleries there first induced him to attempt painting in oil. From 1811 until his death he was a member of the Berlin Academy, and professor at the same from 1814 onwards. He died at Potsdam on 10 September 1850. One of his most famous pictures is "The Descent from the Cross", the altar-piece at the Garrison Church in Potsdam. In the Berlin Gallery is a "State Entry" painted by him.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
Knobelsdorff was influenced as an architect by French Baroque Classicism and by Palladian architecture. With his interior design and the backing of the king, he created the basis for the Frederician Rococo style at Rheinsberg, which was the residence of the crown prince and later monarch.
Alexander von Wagner
His most famous work is "Chariot Race" (now at the Manchester Art Gallery), which he painted for the Vienna Exposition (1873) and then expanded to a larger size for the Columbian Exposition (Chicago Fair) of 1893. The painting depicts the close of a chariot race in the Circus Maximus in Ancient Rome, presided over by Emperor Domitian. "Chariot Race "was completed in 1882 just two years after the publication of Ben-Hur. The painting depicts the loss of a wheel of a chariot at the height of the race. In the original book the wheel is "crushed", in the painting it is shown intact spinning off to the left.
Heinrich von Ofterdingen
After the "Sängerkrieg" was republished by the Swiss author Johann Jakob Bodmer (1698–1783), the medieval tale about poetry and society became popular with Romantic writers. Heinrich von Ofterdingen became chiefly known by the novel of Novalis published in 1802 and the dramatic realisation in Richard Wagner's opera "Tannhäuser", coalesced with the late medieval Tannhäuser legend, a conflation created by CTL Lucas in his "Ueber den Krieg von Wartburg" (1838). The Novalis novel also contained the symbol of the Blue Flower which became a key symbol in Romanticism. In the early 20th century nationalistic German writers portrayed Heinrich as a defender of veritable German poetry and even as author of the "Nibelungenlied" poem.
Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Erdmannsdorff (18 May 1736 – 9 March 1800) was a German architect and architectural theoretician, and one of the most significant representatives of early German Neoclassicism during the Age of Enlightenment. His work included Wörlitz Palace in the present-day Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm, one of the earliest Palladian buildings on the European continent. His most well-known student was Friedrich Gilly, the teacher of Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
William Salter (artist)
His most famous work is "The Waterloo Banquet" (1836) in Apsley House, which depicts a commemorative banquet held by the Duke of Wellington at Apsley House on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo in 1836.
Wolverhampton Art Gallery
The most outstanding artwork of international importance in the collection is the large-scale painting "Peace and Plenty Binding the Arrows of War" (1614) by the Flemish Baroque painter Abraham Janssens van Nuyssen (ca. 1567/1576 - 1632). Commissioned and paid for by the Antwerp Guild of Old Crossbowmen, it was a pendant to the Rubens’s "Crowning of the Victor". In the 1800s, the city’s guilds were broken up and their treasures dispersed. Janssen’s picture eventually found its way to a Mrs Thornley of Birmingham. In 1885, she sold it to Wolverhampton Art Gallery. This is the only painting by Janssens in British public collections and a splendid example of Flemish Baroque art.
Apollo Belvedere
The "Apollo" became one of the world's most celebrated art works when in 1755 it was championed by the German art historian and archaeologist Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768) as the best example of the perfection of the Greek aesthetic ideal. Its "noble simplicity and quiet grandeur", as he described it, became one of the leading lights of neo-classicism and an icon of the Enlightenment. Goethe, Schiller and Byron all endorsed it. The "Apollo" was one of the artworks brought to Paris by Napoleon after his 1796 Italian Campaign. From 1798 it formed part of the collection of the Louvre during the First Empire, but was returned after 1815.
Bluebeard (Vonnegut novel)
In the novel several of Karabekian's paintings are described in detail. The first is a photo-realistic painting of Dan Gregory's studio. The second is an abstract painting of a lost Arctic explorer and a charging polar bear. It consists of a white background with two strips of tape, one white, one orange. The third painting is of six deer and a hunter, titled "Hungarian Rhapsody Number Six" which later fell apart in storage at the Guggenheim Museum. The scene is represented by a greenish-orange background with six brown strips of tape for the deer on one side, and one strip of red tape on the opposite side for the hunter. His most famous, which once hung in the lobby of GEFFCo headquarters on Park Avenue, is titled "Windsor Blue Number Seventeen." The entire painting consisting of eight 8×8 panels hung side by side displays nothing but the paint by Sateen Dura-Luxe in the shade of the title of the work. The painting however literally fell apart when the Sateen Dura-Luxe began to shred itself from the canvas upon which it was painted becoming Rabo Karabekian's biggest embarrassment as an abstract expressionist. These very panels upon which Windsor Blue used to cover fully became the canvases Karabekian would prime back to pure white and use for his last work locked within his potato barn.
Stealing the Mystic Lamb
Stealing the Mystic Lamb is the title of a non-fiction book by art historian Noah Charney. The full title of the book is Stealing the Mystic Lamb: The True Story of the World’s Most Coveted Masterpiece. The book was published in 2010 by PublicAffairs. It tells the story of The "Ghent Altarpiece" (also known as "The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb," or simply "The Mystic Lamb"), a monumental oil painting by the Flemish master Jan van Eyck, currently on display in the cathedral of Saint Bavo, in the city of Ghent. The work is arguably the most influential painting in history, and it is also the most frequently stolen artwork of all-time. Charney’s book tells the story of the artwork and the many crimes and mysteries of which it was the victim since its completion in 1432.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
This was the start of a permanent estrangement. Although Knobelsdorff continued to receive all types of building assignments—he designed the deer garden colonnade (Marble Colonnade), the Neptune grotto in Potsdam, the Neustadt Gate, several residences, the French Church, the obelisk on the market square and many other objects—for years he kept at a distance to the royal court. An attempt to bridge this gap ended in failure. The king summoned him to Potsdam in summer 1750, but soon got annoyed about some comment of the architect's and ordered him to return to Berlin. Knobelsdorff immediately set out, but halfway to Berlin a "Feldjäger" (military policeman) caught up with him with the message that he was to return to the court. According to tradition his response was, "The king himself ordered me to return to Berlin. I well known whether I have to follow his orders or those of a "Feldjäger"", whereupon he continued his journey. After that episode he never saw the king again.
Matthias Grünewald
Only religious works are included in his small surviving corpus, the most famous being the "Isenheim Altarpiece", completed 1515, now in the Musée d'Unterlinden, Colmar. Its nine images on twelve panels are arranged on double wings to present three views (rather than just the open and closed states of triptych altarpieces), according to the season or occasion. The first view with the outer wings closed shows a Crucifixion flanked by Saint Sebastien and Saint Anthony, with a predella showing the entombment. When the first set of wings is opened, the "Annunciation", "Angelic Concert" (sometimes interpreted as the "Birth of Ecclesia") "Mary bathing Christ", and "Resurrection" are displayed. The third view discloses a carved and gilded wood altarpiece by Nikolaus Hagenauer, flanked by the "Temptation of St. Anthony" and "Anthony's visit to Saint Paul". As well as being by far his greatest surviving work, the altarpiece contains most of his surviving painting by surface area, being 2.65 metres high and over 5 metres wide at its fullest extent.
Carl Hasenpflug
Born in Berlin, Hasenpflug was first apprenticed as a shoemaker to his father, then to the decorative painter Carl Gropius. By 1822 he had become known as a painter of architectural subjects, with particular focus on the representation of medieval German churches, in which architectural details were first drawn in pen, then glazed over with oil paint. Favorite subjects included the cathedrals of Magdeburg and Halberstadt, where he lived from 1828. 
After 1838 Hasenpflug concentrated on paintings of snow-covered ruins that combined factual observation with fantasy. "Snowdrifts in the Cloister of the Halberstadt Cathedral" (Städtisches Museum, Halberstadt), displays a more painterly manner than previous renderings, and evidences the artist's response not only to the subject's visual appeal, but also suggests the vulnerability of the medieval structure and the spiritual haven it represents. Other noted works include two views of Cologne Cathedral (1832–33), Erfurt Cathedral (1827), “Mediæval Castle Yard” (1842, Schwerin Gallery), and “Ruined Chapel” (Stettin Museum).
Wilhelm von Kaulbach
Early in the series of his multitudinous works came the famous "Narrenhaus", the appalling memories of a certain madhouse near Düsseldorf; the composition all the more deserves mention for points of contact with Hogarth. Somewhat to the same category belong the illustrations to "Reineke Fuchs". After "Narrenhaus", his next great work, the "Battle of the Huns", or "Spectre Battle", representing the legend of the continued combat in mid-air between the spirits of the Huns and of Romans who had fallen before the walls of Rome, exhibited on the largest scale his talent for the symbolical and allegorical. Count Raczynski commissioned him to paint the work in sepia, and he finished it in 1837. The king of Saxony now offered him the direction of the academy of Dresden, with a salary of 2,000 thalers; but Kaulbach preferred to remain in Munich, although he received only 800 florins from the king of Bavaria.
Vädersolstavlan
No prototypes for the painting are known in Sweden, and while the painting is occasionally associated with the Danube school, much about its stylistic and iconographic history remains to be investigated. A possible stylistic prototype is the illustrated Bible of Erhard Altdorfer (brother of the more famous Albrecht Altdorfer). Begun in 1530, it was inspired by the works of Cranach and Dürer, but also renewed the genre by combining commonplace details with an undertone of approaching disaster. In particular, Altdorfer's apocalyptic illustrations for the Revelation to John deliver an evangelic message similar to that of the "Vädersolstavlan". Historical documents show that Olaus Petri, who commissioned the painting, combined biblical quotations related to the Apocalypse with the painting hanging in the church. Copies of Erhard Altdorfer's apocalyptic woodcuts may have been available in Stockholm through the German merchant Gorius Holste who lived by Järntorget square and who was a friend of both Petri and Martin Luther.
In Albrecht Altdorfer's "The Battle of Alexander at Issus", one of the most famous paintings produced by the Danube School, a composition similar to "Vädersolstavlan" renders the battle scene in a detailed landscape under a sky crowded with celestial symbols and messages. Just as in "Vädersolstavlan", the view is not depicted as it would really appear, but is rather a composite of factual elements as known by the artist. In "The Battle of Alexander at Issus" the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Africa, and the Nile River are represented as known from contemporary maps, while the knights and soldiers are dressed in 16th century armours and the battle is depicted as retold in sources from Antiquity. The frame suspended over the scene, a device which appears in many other German Renaissance battle scenes, is mirrored by the 17th century inscription in "Vädersolstavlan". In both paintings, Apocalyptic symbols in the sky are given a contemporary political significance. The realistically rendered sky, light, and clouds, in both paintings, are emblematic of the Danube School.
Witold Pruszkowski
Although he painted portraits and rural scenes, he is best known for his depictions of fairy tales and folklore; working in pastels as well as oils. He also drew inspiration from the works of Juliusz Słowacki and Zygmunt Krasiński. His most familiar work is, perhaps, "March to Siberia", painted in 1893. Its whereabouts were unknown for many years, but it was found in a private collection after World War II and is now in the Lviv National Art Gallery.
Warfare in Minoan Art
Bull leaping fresco from Knossos is the most well known piece of artwork. As mentioned above, bull leaping was a sort of activity Minoan men did as a past time and it showed the interaction between the bull and man.
Fernand Khnopff
Although not a very open man and a rather secluded personality, he already achieved cult status during his life. Acknowledged and accepted, he received the Order of Leopold. His sister, Marguerite, was one of his favorite subjects. His most famous painting is probably The Caress ("L'Art ou Des Caresses"). His art often portrayed a recurring theme found in symbolist art: the dualistic vision of woman as either 'femme fatale' or angelic woman.
John Rogers Cox
One of Cox's best known works is "Gray and Gold" from 1942, held in the permanent collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The painting was produced shortly after the United States joined the Second World War. It was Cox's second oil painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art bought the painting from a traveling exhibition, "Artists for Victory," consisting of works by artists who wanted to help in the war effort. The exhibition opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met) in New York on December 7, 1942, the first anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, and Cox's painting was awarded the Second Medal. The work also received the Popular Prize in the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh's annual "Painting in the United States" 1944 exhibition of paintings by living artists. The painting appears in the farmhouse's living room in the 2012 science fiction thriller "Looper."
Wilhelm Hensel
In 1828, Hensel moved back to Berlin, where he became the royal court painter, and both a professor and member of the Academic Senate. His activities as an artist were interrupted in 1848, when revolutions broke out all over Germany, and Hensel became an avid advocate of the conservative political parties of the time. Afterwards, he settled back into being an artist, and died on 26 November 1861 in Berlin. The German author Theodor Fontane memorialized Hensel in the last chapter of his work "Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg" (Walks through the March of Brandenburg). Among his best-known works are "Christus in der Wüste" (Christ in the Desert), "Kaiser Wenzel", "Italienische Landleute am antiken Brunnen" (Italian Peasants by an Ancient Fountain), and over 1000 drawings of well-known people of the German romantic period.
Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen
He specialized in paintings depicting ships and sea battles, and received orders from the municipal councils of Haarlem and Amsterdam. He painted the most popular picture of the Damiaatjes legend of Haarlem, showing how a Haarlem ship broke the protective chain at Domyat, Egypt during the Fifth Crusade, resulting in an important victory over Islam. This painting was such a success that it was reordered in tapestry form, and both pieces are in the collection of the Frans Hals Museum.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
Knobelsdorff was born in Kuckädel, now in Krosno Odrzańskie County. A soldier in the service of Prussia, he resigned his commission in 1729 as captain so that he could pursue his interest in architecture. In 1740 he travelled to Paris and Italy to study at the expense of the new king, Frederick II of Prussia.
Hans von Kulmbach
Kulmbach probably arrived in Nuremberg around 1505. He received instruction by Jacopo de' Barbari, who for a time worked in Nuremberg. Von Kulmbach then apprenticed with Albrecht Dürer and after Dürer retired from painting altarpieces in 1510 Kulmbach took over most of his commissions. Kulmbach had his own workshop in Nuremberg and at times worked in Kraków. He also created artworks for emperor Maximilian I and for Margrave Casimir Hohenzollern von Brandenburg-Kulmbach. His best works were stained-glass windows in churches, such as the Maximilian stained-glass, Margrave stained-glass at St. Sebald in Nuremberg, the Welser stained-glass at the Frauenkirche and the Nikolaus altar at Lorenzkirche. In 1511 he finished the St. Mary's altar at Skałka in Kraków. The Catherine and St. John's altar also in Kraków, are among his best works.
Daniele da Volterra
Daniele's best-known painting is the "Descent from the Cross" in the Trinità dei Monti (circa 1545), after drawings by Michelangelo; by an excess of praise this work was at one time grouped with Raphael's "Transfiguration" and the "Last Communion of St. Jerome" by Domenichino as the most famous pictures in Rome. Daniele's two-sided painting of David killing Goliath (restored in 2008) in the Louvre too seems to have been based on Michelangelo's designs; for a long time it was attributed to him.
Gustav Adolf Closs
Despite the fact that illustrative work provided the bulk of his income, he considered himself to be primarily a painter. Among his major works were wall paintings at Schöckingen Castle in Ditzingen and Rapperswil Castle, which were commissions provided through his friendship with Friedrich von Gaisberg-Schöckingen (1857–1932). He also did work at Hellenstein Castle. Several similar works were destroyed during World War II. One of his most famous works was a scene from the life of Roland, created at the request of Kaiser Wilhelm II. He also produced some paintings for King Carol I of Romania and designed stained-glass windows, made by Franz Xaver Zettler for the Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband.
Mona Lisa
The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world". The "Mona Lisa" is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at $100 million in 1962, which is worth nearly $820 million in 2018.
Charalambos Pachis
After a study trip to various European cities, he returned to Corfu in 1870, where he taught briefly at the "Kapodistrias School". Following that, he established his own private art school. Periklis Tsirigotis, Angelos Giallinas and were among his best-known students. He apparently put together a huge collection of costumes for use in his classes, which he later sold to provide dowries for his daughters, one of whom married Samartzis. His other daughter also married a painter; .
His most famous historical scenes are depictions of the assassination of Kapodistrias, the Dance of Zalongo and the hanging of Gregory V. He also painted portraits, landscapes and illustrations for hagiographic works. He was one of the first painters of the Heptanese School to create landscapes and genre scenes. Pachis' creations also include the iconography at the Greek Orthodox Church in Durrës.
Heinz Knobloch
Above all Heinz Knobloch was known in Germany, for his Feuilletons, rediscovering and making his own a half-remembered journalistic genre which had become popular in France the early nineteenth century. The flexibility of the feilleton form makes it hard to define succinctly, but the principal ingredients of Knoblich's feuilletons are nevertheless familiar enough to English speaking readers. Over four decades he contributed more than 1,600 of these insightful sometimes whimsical and relatively compact opinion pieces, often triggered by some passing personal experience. Most of them appeared between 1958 and 1978 in the weekly newspaper under the by-line "Mit beiden Augen" (""With both eyes [open]""). The newspaper had a circulation which for much of the time exceeded 1.3 million giving rise to a very large readership for Knobloch's column, and indicating that he was able to soften any implicit criticisms of the single-party state and its plethora of agencies with sufficient charm and subtlety to remain "within the lines" of official sensitivities. The feuilletons that appeared in Wochenpost were illustrated by the graphic artist and illustrator , and were subsequently reproduced in a succession of collected volumes which comprise the majority of the books published under Knobloch's name. At the same time as making a living with his pen by writing modern feuilletons, Knobloch researched and found new admirers for hitherto largely forgotten nineteenth and early twentieth century users of the genre in Berlin such as Julius Rodenberg and Victor Auburtin.
Konrad Grob
He had quite some commercial success with romantic paintings of rural life. His best known painting is "Pestalozzi bei den Waisen von Stans", shown today in the "Öffentliche Kunstsammlung" (the Museum of Art) of Basel.
Hans Verhagen den Stommen
He is mainly known for his animal drawings. The Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna holds a codex of Naturstudien (studies of nature) that was once the property of Emperor Rudolf II. Four of the drawings in the folio are inscribed in the handwriting of the Flemish court painter Joris Hoefnagel attributing the drawings to a 'Hans Verhagen den stommen van Antwerpen'. Other than these four studies in the Naturstudien Codex, only 20 drawings by the same hand are known. These drawings which depict animals are kept at the Kupferstichkabinett in Berlin. One drawing shows the elephant that was exhibited in Antwerp in the autumn of 1563.
Harold Copping
Probably the most famous of Copping's Bible illustrations was 'The Hope of the World' (1915). This depicts Jesus sitting with a group of children from different continents. Dr. Sandy Brewer wrote of this image: "The Hope of the World, painted by Harold Copping for the London Missionary Society in 1915, is arguably the most popular picture of Jesus produced in Britain in the twentieth century. It was an iconic image in the Sunday school movement between 1915 and 1960". However, James Thorpe, in his book "English Illustration: the Nineties" wrote: "Harold Copping’s work, capable and honest as it was, does not inspire any great enthusiasm; there are so many artists doing illustrations equally satisfactory in literal translation and equally lacking in strong personal individuality." Copping was under contract to the Religious Tract Society (RTS) to produce 12 religious paintings a year up until the time of his death. He was paid £50 for each painting and, under the terms of the contract, was not allowed to paint religious paintings for any other publisher.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
In 1753 Knobelsdorff's long-time liver disease became more troublesome. A journey to the Belgian therapeutic baths at Spa brought no relief. On September 7, 1753, only a short while before his death, Knobelsdorff wrote to the king, "when the pain briefly stopped". He thanked him "for all the kindness and all the benefits Your Majesty has showered on me during my lifetime". At the same time he requested that his two daughters be recognized as his legal heirs. That was problematic because the girls came from a liaison not befitting his social class. The long-time bachelor Knobelsdorff had entered into a relationship with the "middle class" daughter of the Charlottenburg sacristan, Schöne, in 1746, thereby earning the disapproval of court society. Frederick II agreed to his request, however with the restriction that his title of nobility not be bequeathed.
Witold Gracjan Kawalec
After the war he moved to Nottingham and continued his studies in sculpture at Nottingham College of Art. In 1953 he opened his first studio and produced much of his work in alabaster. The themes of his abstract forms were influenced by his experiences during World War II. In 1959 he had a piece selected for the Royal Academy summer exhibition, and in 1963 his exhibition at the Drian Gallery led to his connection with the hospice movement. His best known work is the sculpture for Dame Cicely Saunders’s St Christopher's Hospice at Sydenham. It shows St Christopher carrying Christ across the water. The sculpture was unveiled by Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy.
Herman Wendelborg Hansen
In 1879, Hansen received commission from the Northwestern Railways to paint a series of transportation advertisements. He was sent to the Dakotas. He did much traveling throughout the West, South, and North. Hansen visited Montana, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, before settling down in San Francisco, California, at the age of 28. After moving to California, Hansen continued to make trips through the Southwest and the Northern Plains. His trips gave him the information to create historically accurate portrayals of the West. Hansen's most famous painting titled, "Pony Express," was completed in 1900. Numerous copies have been produced worldwide.
Gong Kai
"Jun Gu a Noble Horse" is Gong Kai’s most famous painting. This Yuan Dynasty painting was created using ink on a paper hand scroll. Horses were considered a specialty of Gong Kai, specifically those drawn in the style of the Tang Dynasty. In fact, Gong Kai’s "Jun Gu a Noble Horse" very closely resembles the painting "Night-Shining White" by Han Gan in the Tang Dynasty. Chou Mi, a Song Dynasty scholar and acquaintance of Gong Kai, said that Gong’s horses were "flying like the wind, with misty manes and warlike bones, muscles supple as orchid leaves – truly endowed with all he noble attributes".
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
Heinrich Ludwig Manger mentions Knobelsdorff in his ""Baugeschichte von Potsdam"" (1789/90). After listing 30 pieces of architecture which were realized in Potsdam alone according to his plans, he also writes about Knobelsdorff as a painter: "Although it does not really belong in a history of architecture.—he produced many paintings, all of them directly from nature. He paid attention to every detail which he thought could be of possible future use, and sketched them in his notebook, which he kept in a particular place of his clothing. These drawings are free and easy and dashed off in his own masterly way. [...] The same can also be said of his landscape paintings, because everything in them was painted from nature with a wonderful blending of colors, without being hard or too colorful" (translation).
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff, the son of Silesian landed gentry, was born on February 17, 1699 on the estate of Kuckädel (now Polish Kukadlo) near Crossen (now the Polish city Krosno Odrzańskie) on the Oder River. After the early death of his father he was raised by his godfather, the chief senior forester Georg von Knobelsdorff. In keeping with family tradition he began his professional career in the Prussian army. Already at 16 years of age he participated in a campaign against King Charles XII of Sweden, and in 1715 in the siege of Stralsund.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
Knobelsdorff's relationship to Frederick II was a central aspect of his life. Something akin to friendship arose in Neuruppin and Rheinsberg from their joint interest in art and architecture. This almost constant personal contact and focus on only a few subjects important to both of them came to a natural end when the crown prince acceded to the throne as Frederick II in 1740 and concentrated on new areas such as waging war and administering the state, which meant he had to establish and maintain contacts with a much larger circle of advisors and collaborators.
Hans Leonhard Schäufelein
To his Nordlingen period belong his masterpiece, the so-called "Ziegler Altar" for St. George's Church (1521), part of which is still in the church, part in the museum; "Scenes from the Story of Judith," in the town hall; and the illuminated Psalter for Count von Ottingen, now in the Berlin print room. His most important woodcuts are those for the "Theuerdank" of Emperor Maximilian.
John William Inchbold
Inchbold spent much of the later part of his life abroad, mainly in Switzerland, where he had spent some time with Ruskin in the mid-1850s. His best-known works are probably "The Jungfrau" (1857), "On the Lake of Thun" (1860), "Tintagel" (1862), "Gordale Scar" (1876) and "Drifting" (1883); the last named was once in the possession of Coventry Patmore. Tennyson, Browning, Lord Houghton, and Sir Henry Thompson were among his admirers and supporters, and in Dr Russell Reynolds he found a liberal and discriminating patron. A year or two before his death he had returned from Algeria with a large collection of sketches, in which the ordinary defects of his manner were less apparent. He died suddenly of heart disease at Headingley in Leeds, on 23 January 1888. His memory was honoured by Swinburne in a funeral ode.
Horst Strempel
His painting and graphic art at this time was focused on the contrast between the Nazi period and the subsequent reconstruction phase that was under way. His best known work from 1945/46 is the triptych "Night over Germany" (""Nacht über Deutschland""), which somehow rises above the immediate present, serving as a more general testimony to the phase in history through which the artist was living. The picture sets out the trauma of National Socialism in obscured complex images which the viewer can still identify, but in a way with which the artist could only get to grips if he understood not merely the bare realities but also the underlying spiritual condition of the people.
Oratory of Saint Lawrence
The oratory is particularly famous because of the masterpiece altarpiece "Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence" (1600 or 1609) by Caravaggio. This important painting was stolen, probably by "Cosa Nostra", on October 18, 1969. In 2015 a hi-tech replica of the altarpiece was placed inside the oratory.
Hieronymus Bosch
His most famous triptych is "The Garden of Earthly Delights" (c. 1495–1505) whose outer panels are intended to bracket the main central panel between the Garden of Eden depicted on the left panel and the Last Judgment depicted on the right panel. It is attributed by Fischer as a transition painting rendered by Bosch from between his middle period and his late period. In the left hand panel God presents Eve to Adam; innovatively God is given a youthful appearance. The figures are set in a landscape populated by exotic animals and unusual semi-organic hut-shaped forms. The central panel is a broad panorama teeming with nude figures engaged in innocent, self-absorbed joy, as well as fantastical compound animals, oversized fruit, and hybrid stone formations.
Master Bertram
His most famous surviving work is the large "Grabow Altarpiece" (or "Petri-Altar") in the Kunsthalle Hamburg, the largest and most important North German painting of the period. There is a 45-scene altarpiece of the Apocalypse, probably by his workshop, in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. He, or his workshop, also produced sculpture, presumably in wood; in fact in his first years in Hamburg most surviving documentation relates to sculpture, including chandeliers. A sculpture group depicting Saint Christopher by his hand is located in Falsterbo church, Sweden.
Victor Borisov-Musatov
The most famous painting of that time is . The painting depicts two most important women in his life: his sister, Yelena Musatova and his bride (later wife), artist Yelena Alexandrova. The people are woven into the landscape of an old park with a pond.
Nikolaus Glockendon
His manuscript illumination "The Holy Trinity" particularly demonstrates the influence of Albrecht Dürer's "Adoration of the Trinity", also known as the "Landauer Altarpiece", painted in 1511. Nikolaus Glockendon's career masterpiece is a ceremonial missal, now in the Hofbibliothek Aschaffenburg, known as the "Missale Hallense". Dated 1524 and signed with the artist's full name, it was made for the Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg, Archbishop of Mainz and one of the major patrons of art in Germany during this period. See Albert of Mainz. The scholar Ulrich Merkl has documented the most comprehensive catalog of works by Glockendon and his workshop. Merkl also provides a family tree of the Glockendons (pp. 72–73), who produced several generations of artists in Nuremberg.
Benjamin West
He painted his most famous, and possibly most influential painting, "The Death of General Wolfe", in 1770 and it exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1771. The painting became one of the most frequently reproduced images of the period. It returned to the French and Indian War setting of his "General Johnson Saving a Wounded French Officer from the Tomahawk of a North American Indian" of 1768.
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
As an architect Knobelsdorff was greatly influenced by Andrea Palladio's buildings and theoretical works on architecture. This important Italian architect of the High Renaissance published in 1570 the definitive work, ""Quattro libri dell´architettura"" containing his own creations as well numerous drawings of antique architecture. Stimulated by Palladio, a building style developed which was widespread in the 17th century in Protestant and Anglican Northern Europe, especially England. In contrast to the simultaneous baroque style with its silhouettes and concave-convex frontage reliefs, Palladianism made use of classically simple, clear shapes. Knobelsdorff also undertook to follow this style on almost all his buildings, at least as far as the exteriors. He did not simply copy the models but converted them into his own style (only after his death did direct copies of foreign frontages become common in Berlin and Potsdam). In the broad sense he already represented Classicism, which in the narrow sense only began in Prussia in the late 18th century and achieved its apex in the early 19th century with Karl Friedrich Schinkel. As to interior decoration, Knobelsdorff followed from the beginning the main fashions of his time and provided superb examples of late baroque decorative art in his Frederician rococo style, which was inspired by French models.
Otto Dix
Among his most famous paintings are "Sailor and Girl" (1925), used as the cover of Philip Roth's 1995 novel Sabbath's Theater, the triptych "Metropolis" (1928), a scornful portrayal of depraved actions of Germany's Weimar Republic, where nonstop revelry was a way to deal with the wartime defeat and financial catastrophe, and the startling "Portrait of the Journalist Sylvia von Harden" (1926). His depictions of legless and disfigured veterans—a common sight on Berlin's streets in the 1920s—unveil the ugly side of war and illustrate their forgotten status within contemporary German society, a concept also developed in Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front."
Königgrätzer Marsch
The Königgrätzer Marsch (AM II, 134 (AM II, 195)), also known as Der Königgrätzer or Der Königgrätzer Marsch, is one of the most famous German military marches, composed in 1866 by Johann Gottfried Piefke in commemoration of the Battle of Königgrätz, the decisive battle of the Austro-Prussian War, in which the Kingdom of Prussia defeated the Austrian Empire. In Piefke's most successful arrangement of the Königgrätzer Marsch, another march, Der Hohenfriedberger (commemorating the Battle of Hohenfriedberg), is used as a trio. The commonly played version (AM II, 195) is set as an infantry march, while an alternate adaptation is arranged as a cavalry galop (AM III, 228). The German military march catalogue also has the "Königgrätzer mit anderem Trio" ("Königgrätzer with other Trio") (Heeresmarsch IIIB, 67), but this secondary composition is far less recognized.
Nealkes
The best known of his own paintings were a portrait of Aphrodite and a Battle on the Nile with a famous detail showing an ass on the bank of the river being attacked by a crocodile.
Palazzo Abatellis
On the first floor is the museum's most famous work, the "Virgin Annunciate", by Antonello da Messina (15th century), considered among Italy's best Renaissance paintings. Also present are three panels with "St. Augustine", "St. Gregory the Great" and "St. Jerome" also by Antonello, once part of a polyptych now destroyed, and Vouet's "Saint Agatha's Vision of Saint Peter in Prison". The museum contains the Netherlandish "Malvagna triptych" by the Early Netherlandish painters Jan Gossaert and Gerard David, and a "Deposition" by Jan Provost. It also houses a depiction of "Moses" by Pietro Novelli.
John Nash (artist)
In 1914 Nash began painting in oils with the encouragement of Harold Gilman, whose meticulous craftsmanship influenced his finest landscapes. Nash's most famous painting is "Over the Top" (oil on canvas, 79.4 x 107.3 cm), now hanging in the Imperial War Museum. It is an image of the counter-attack at Welsh Ridge on 30 December 1917, during which the 1st Battalion Artists' Rifles left their trenches and pushed towards Marcoing near Cambrai. Of the eighty men, sixty-eight were killed or wounded during the first few minutes. Nash was one of the twelve spared by the shell-fire, and painted this picture three months later. "The Cornfield", held by the Tate Gallery, was the first painting Nash completed that did not depict the theme of war. The picture with its ordered view of the landscape and geometric treatment of the corn stooks prefigures his brother Paul's "Equivalents for the Megaliths". Nash said that he and Paul used to paint for their own pleasure only after six o'clock, when their work as war artists was over for the day. Hence the long shadows cast by the evening sun across the middle of the painting.