What was Max Rudolf Frisch's first novel?
Max Frisch
Between February and October 1933 he travelled extensively through eastern and southeastern Europe, financing his expeditions with reports written for newspapers and magazines. One of his first contributions was a report on the Prague World Ice Hockey Championship (1933) for the "Neue Zürcher Zeitung". Other destinations were Budapest, Belgrade, Sarajevo, Dubrovnik, Zagreb, Istanbul, Athens, Bari, and Rome. Another product of this extensive tour was Frisch's first novel, "Jürg Reinhart", which appeared in 1934. In it Reinhart represents the author, undertaking a trip through the Balkans as a way to find purpose in life. In the end the eponymous hero concludes that he can only become fully adult by performing a "manly act". This he achieves by helping the terminally ill daughter of his landlady end her life painlessly.
Max Frisch
Frisch himself took the view that the diary offered the prose format that corresponded with his natural approach to prose writing, something that he could "no more change than the shape of his nose". Attempts were nevertheless made by others to justify Frisch's choice of prose format. Frisch's friend and fellow-writer, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, explained that in "I'm Not Stiller" the "diary-narrative" approach enabled the author to participate as a character in his own novel without embarrassment. (The play focuses on the question of identity, which is a recurring theme in the work of Frisch.) More specifically, in the character of James Larkin White, the American who in reality is indistinguishable from Stiller himself, but who nevertheless vigorously denies being the same man, embodies the author, who in his work cannot fail to identify the character as himself, but is nevertheless required by the literary requirements of the narrative to conceal the fact. Rolf Keiser points out that the diary format enables Frisch most forcefully to demonstrate his familiar theme that thoughts are always based on one specific standpoint and its context; and that it can never be possible to present a comprehensive view of the world, nor even to define a single life, using language alone.
Max Frisch Archive
The Max Frisch Archive was preceded by the launch of the Max Frisch Foundation in 1979. Together with his publisher Siegfried Unseld and the other members of the Board of Trustees (Peter Bichsel, Adolf Muschg and Peter von Matt), Frisch decided to "create a Max Frisch Archive to be located in Switzerland as a place of research". After the author’s death, the Foundation was to take over “the administration of his literary legacy with all the rights and responsibilities”.
Montauk (novel)
Shortened only is the name of his friend of youth W., the art collector Werner Coninx, whose collection is now presented in the . Although the story largely discloses its autobiographical background claiming authenticty over fiction it stays open whether this story is a roman à clef. Some critics stressed that it would be a misunderstanding to read "Montauk" a kind of key narrative to understand his live and work. Some see the Max Frisch from "Montauk", however, as an "art piece", whose desires finally did not produce sincerity but a beautiful story. From his secrets Frisch has disclosed nothing.
Max Frisch
The novel "I'm Not Stiller" appeared in 1954. The protagonist, Anatol Ludwig Stiller starts out by pretending to be someone else, but in the course of a court hearing he is forced to acknowledge his original identity as a Swiss sculptor. For the rest of his life he returns to live with the wife whom, in his earlier life, he had abandoned. The novel combines elements of crime fiction with an authentic and direct diary-like narrative style. It was a commercial success, and won for Frisch widespread recognition as a novelist. Critics praised its carefully crafted structure and perspectives, as well as the way it managed to combine philosophical insight with autobiographical elements. The theme of the incompatibility between art and family responsibilities is again on display. Following the appearance of this book Frisch, whose own family life had been marked by a succession of extra-marital affairs, left his family, moving to Männedorf, where he had his own small apartment in a farmhouse. By this time writing had become his principal source of income, and in January 1955 he closed his architectural practice, becoming officially a full-time freelance writer.
Max Troll
The destruction of the communist resistance in Munich and the role Troll played in it became part of the novel "Verrat in München und Burghausen" (Betrayal in Munich and Burghausen) by Max Brym, published in 2018, which tells the story a fictional protagonist in the back ground of the real events.
I Rivers
His first novel was described by Arnold Skemer of ZYX Magazine as follows: "Certainly hallucinatory and oft breaking into song, this novel goes in many directions with names of characters from the realm of fantasy, such as 'Mother Mary,' 'Wild Flowers,' 'Fire Worm,' with verbiage of popular music sprinkled in. Word play is rampant, Greek choruses of extravagant supplications, summonings of imagery, evocations, Q & A of acute tension. The reader wanders on a sea of rhetoric, drifting into ever more colorful tempests of verbal fantasy. In this sea of verbiage, the next plot twist is the next verbal conundrum and spasm of preachment, the next dollop of mad invocation. It goes on from page to page, a never-ending kaleidoscope of story in labyrinths of twists and turns of utterance. In the background is the mad laughter of the funhouse; in the foreground, the strange declamations of disembodied voices that take center stage, then rapidly disappear into the variegated swarm of verbal encounter."
Max Frisch
Frisch described himself as a socialist but never joined the political party. His early works were almost entirely apolitical. In the "Blätter aus dem Brotsack" (""diaries of military life"") published in 1940, he comes across as a conventional Swiss patriot, reflecting the unifying impact on Swiss society of the perceived invasion risk then emanating from Germany. After Victory in Europe Day the threat to Swiss values and to the independence of the Swiss state diminished. Frisch now underwent a rapid transformation, evincing a committed political consciousness. In particular, he became highly critical of attempts to divide cultural values from politics, noting in his "Diary 1946–1949": "He who does not engage with politics is already a partisan of the political outcome that he wishes to preserve, because he is serving the ruling party" Sonja Rüegg, writing in 1998, says that Frisch's aesthetics are driven by a fundamentally anti-ideological and critical animus, formed from a recognition of the writer's status as an outsider within society. That generates opposition to the ruling order, the privileging of individual partisanship over activity on behalf of a social class, and an emphasis on asking questions.
Richard L. Cox
Cox began writing short stories at the age of eleven and started work on his first novel in 1993. Over the course of eight years he collected more than seventy rejections from literary agents before one finally agreed to represent "Lightspeed" in 2002. "Lightspeed" was eventually renamed "Rift" before being published in 2004, and his second novel, "The God Particle", was published in 2005. "Thomas World" was published in 2011 and "The Boys of Summer" was published in 2016. Cox's novels are genre-bending stories that blend the mainstream thriller with speculative and science fiction.
Nicolae G. Rădulescu-Niger
Rădulescu's first book was the 1879 novel "Fiii ucigașului". This was followed by additional novels ("Străin în țara lui", 1900; "Tribunul poporului", 1903; "Măria-sa ogorul", 1907; "Viață de artistă", 1925; "Omul de cristal", 1930), short story collections ("Căpitanul Ropotă", 1893; "Deziluzii", 1921; "Vulturul îndrăgostit", 1926), theater plays ("De pe urma beției", 1906; "Poștașul dragostei", 1913; "Unirea Mare", 1919) and books of poetry ("Rustice", 1893; "Glasul apelor", 1915). In 1901, he was awarded the Romanian Academy's prize for the fourth volume of the "Rustice" cycle. He died in Bucharest.
Max Frisch
Frisch was already a regular visitor at the Zürich Playhouse ("Schauspielhaus") while still a student. Drama in Zürich was experiencing a golden age at this time, thanks to the flood of theatrical talent in exile from Germany and Austria. From 1944 the Playhouse director Kurt Hirschfeld encouraged Frisch to work for the theatre, and backed him when he did so. In "", his first play, written in 1944 and first performed in 1946, Frisch, who had himself been married since 1942, addressed the question of how the dreams and yearnings of the individual could be reconciled with married life. In his 1944 novel "" ("I adore that which burns me") he had already placed emphasis on the incompatibility between the artistic life and respectable middle class existence. The novel reintroduces as its protagonist the artist Jürg Reinhart, familiar to readers of Frisch's first novel, and in many respects a representation of the author himself. It deals with a love affair that ends badly. This same tension is at the centre of a subsequent narrative by Frisch published, initially, by in 1945 and titled "" ("Bin or the Journey to Beijing").
Both of his next two works for the theatre reflect the war. "" ("Nun singen sie wieder"), though written in 1945, was actually performed ahead of his first play "Santa Cruz". It addresses the question of the personal guilt of soldiers who obey inhuman orders, and treats the matter in terms of the subjective perspectives of those involved. The piece, which avoids simplistic judgements, played to audiences not just in Zürich but also in German theatres during the 1946/47 season. The NZZ, then as now his native city's powerfully influential newspaper, pilloried the piece on its front page, claiming that it "embroidered" the horrors of National Socialism, and they refused to print Frisch's rebuttal. "The Chinese Wall" ("Die Chinesische Mauer") which appeared in 1946, explores the possibility that humanity might itself be eradicated by the (then recently invented) atomic bomb. The piece unleashed public discussion of the issues involved, and can today be compared with Friedrich Dürrenmatt's "The Physicists" (1962) and "" ("In der Sache J. Robert Oppenheimer"), though these pieces are all now for the most part forgotten.
Marcel Weyers
Weyers studied English and German with a focus on literature at Justus Liebig University and graduated in 2014. Before that, he wrote his first stories and novels; his "Shadow Trilogy", which he wrote at the age of 15, was published by Kubayamashi-Do Studien- und Fachbuchverlag in 2011. The three-part novel series is set in Japan and was inspired by mangas and animes. In August 2014, his short novel "Raven Blood – Awakened in the Dead of Night" (German: "Rabenblut – In dunkelster Nacht erwacht") was published, which was the first installment of a five-part novel series. The "Raven Saga" was completed in February 2018. Translations into English, Italian, Spanish and Russian followed. His fantasy novel "Depths of Forever" was published in September 2016. Currently he lives with his husband in Dresden.
Frost (novel)
Frost is the first novel by Thomas Bernhard, originally published in German in 1963. An English translation by Michael Hofmann was published in 2006.
Max Frisch
For the novels "I'm Not Stiller" and "Homo Faber" there were several film proposals, one of which involved casting the actor Anthony Quinn in "Homo Faber", but none of these proposals was ever realised. It is nevertheless interesting that several of Frisch's dramas were filmed for television adaptations. It was in this way that the first filmic adaptation of a Frisch prose work appeared in 1975, thanks to Georg Radanowicz, and titled "The Misfortune" ("Das Unglück"). This was based on a sketch from one of Frisch's "Diaries". It was followed in 1981 by a Richard Dindo television production based on the narrative "Montauk" and one by Krzysztof Zanussi based on "Bluebeard". It finally became possible, some months after Frisch's death, for a full-scale cinema version of "Homo Faber" to be produced. While Frisch was still alive he had collaborated with the filmmaker Volker Schlöndorff on this production, but the critics were nevertheless underwhelmed by the result. In 1992, however, "Holozän", a film adaptation by Heinz Bütler and Manfred Eicher of "Man in the Holocene", received a "special award" at the Locarno International Film Festival.
Erich Kästner
Kästner's only major adult novel, "Fabian", was published in 1931. Kästner included rapid cuts and montages in it, in an attempt to mimic cinematic style. Fabian, an unemployed literary expert, experiences the uproariously fast pace of the times as well as the downfall of the Weimar Republic.
Max Frisch
The high period of Frisch's career as an author of prose works is represented by the three novels "I'm Not Stiller" (1954), "Homo Faber" (1957) and "Gantenbein" / "A Wilderness of Mirrors" (1964), of which "Stiller" is generally regarded as his most important and most complex book, according to the US based German scholar Alexander Stephan, in terms both of its structure and its content. What all three of these novels share is their focus on the identity of the individual and on the relationship between the sexes. In this respect "Homo Faber" and "Stiller" offer complementary situations. If Stiller had rejected the stipulations set out by others, he would have arrived at the position of Walter Faber, the ultra-rationalist protagonist of "Homo Faber". "Gantenbein / A Wilderness of Mirrors" ("Mein Name sei Gantenbein") offers a third variation on the same theme, apparent already in its (German language) title. Instead of baldly asserting "I am not (Stiller)" the full title of "Gantebein" uses the German "Conjunctive" (subjunctive) to give a title along the lines "My name represents (Gantenbein)". The protagonist's aspiration has moved on from the search for a fixed identity to a less binary approach, trying to find a midpoint identity, testing out biographical and historic scenarios.
Max Frisch
The film director believes that Frisch had for the most part an "unfortunate relationship" with film, even though his literary style is often reminiscent of cinematic technique. Seiler explains that Frisch's work was often, in the author's own words, looking for ways to highlight the "white space" between the words, which is something that can usually only be achieved using a film-set. Already, in the "Diary 1946–1949" there is an early sketch for a film-script, titled "Harlequin". His first practical experience of the genre came in 1959, but with a project that was nevertheless abandoned, when Frisch resigned from the production of a film titled "SOS Gletscherpilot" ("SOS Glacier Pilot"), and in 1960 his draft script for "William Tell" ("Castle in Flames") was turned down, after which the film was created anyway, totally contrary to Frisch's intentions. In 1965 there were plans, under the Title "", to film an episode from the novel "Gantenbein", but the project was halted, initially by differences between Frisch and the film director Erwin Leiser and then, it was reported, by the illness of Bernhard Wicki who was brought in to replace Leiser. The "Zürich – Transit" project went ahead in the end, directed by Hilde Bechart, but only in 1992 a quarter century later, and a year after Frisch had died.
Max Brand
Other Novels
Max Frisch
Jürgen H. Petersen reckons that Frisch's stage work had little influence on other dramatists. And his own preferred form of the "literary diary" failed to create a new trend in literary genres. By contrast, the novels "I'm Not Stiller" and "Gantenbein" have been widely taken up as literary models, both because of the way they home in on questions of individual identity and on account of their literary structures. Issues of personal identity are presented not simply through description or interior insights, but through narrative contrivances. This stylistic influence can be found frequently in the works of others, such as Christa Wolf's The Quest for Christa T. and in Ingeborg Bachmann's Malina. Other similarly influenced authors are Peter Härtling and . Frisch also found himself featuring as a "character" in the literature of others. That was the case in 1983 with Wolfgang Hildesheimer's "Message to Max [Frisch] about the state of things and other matters" ("Mitteilungen an Max über den Stand der Dinge und anderes"). By then Uwe Johnson had already, in 1975, produced a compilation of quotations which he called "The collected sayings of Max Frisch" ("Max Frisch Stich-Worte zusammen"). More recently, in 2007, the Zürich–born artist Gottfried Honegger published eleven portrait-sketches and fourteen texts in memory of his friend.
Max Frisch
Overall Frisch designed more than a dozen buildings, although only two were actually built. One was a house for his brother Franz and the other was a country house for the shampoo magnate, K.F. Ferster. Ferster's house triggered a major court action when it was alleged that Frisch had altered the dimensions of the main staircase without reference to his client. Frisch later retaliated by using Ferster as the model for the protagonist in his play "The Fire Raisers" ("Biedermann und die Brandstifter"). When Frisch was managing his own architecture studio, he was generally found in his office only during the mornings. Much of his time and energy was devoted to writing.
Frisk (novel)
Frisk is a 1991 novel by Dennis Cooper. In 1995, the book was made into a film of the same name directed by Todd Verow.
Jürg Reinhart
More recent scholars and commentators, with the benefit of a little more distance, have accepted Frisch's own criticisms. Volker Weidermann reckoned "Jürg Reinhart" a "pretty dreadful" (""ziemlich schauderhaft"") novel. Volker Hage emphasized that the work could not "avoid being characterized as a beginner's novel, but that does not invalidate it as a literary mark of a twenty-three year old author's progress. Above all the novel has been studied as an early exhibition for various themes and thought patterns which would be crystallized and developed in Frisch's later output. "Jürg Reinhart" also offers students at all levels an early excursion into Frisch's characteristic blending of autobiography into fiction
Willy Fritsch
From 1919 he attended Max Reinhardt's drama school at the Deutsches Theater, where he debuted with small roles, and made his feature debut in films as a supporting player in 1921's "Miss Venus". In 1925, Fritsch gained international attention by playing the leading character in the silent film "A Waltz Dream" directed by Ludwig Berger. Afterwards he was offered a United Artists contract but refused to move to the United States being concerned about his lack of English language knowledge. His career was pushed now through the Ufa film company by being set as a juvenile lover in silent comedies like "Chaste Susanne" (1926), "The Last Waltz" (1927), "Hungarian Rhapsody" (1928) or "Her Dark Secret" (1929) but Fritsch was also starring in two silent films directed by Fritz Lang: the thriller "Spies" (1928) and the sci-fi film "Woman in the Moon" (1929) where he played serious characters. Again, these films gained him international success.
Montauk (novel)
Montauk is a story by Swiss writer Max Frisch. It first appeared in 1975 and takes an exceptional position in Frisch's work. While fictional stories previously served Frisch for exploring the possible behavior of his protagonists, in "Montauk", he tells an authentic experience: a weekend which he spent with a young woman in Montauk on the American East Coast. The short-run love affair is used by Frisch as a retrospective on his own biography. In line with Philip Roth he tells his "life as a man", relates to the women with whom he was associated, and the failure of their relationship. Further reflections apply to the author's age and his near-death and the mutual influence of life and work. Also, the story is about the emergence of "Montauk": in contrast to his previous work Frisch describes his decision to document this weekend's direct experience without adding anything. "Montauk" met with strongly polarized reception. When faced by the open descriptions of their past, former partners of Frisch felt duped. Some readers were embarrassed by Frisch's self-exposure. Other critics hailed the story as his most important work and praised the achievement to make a literary masterpiece of his own life. Marcel Reich-Ranicki adopted "Montauk" in his Canon of German literature. The 2017 film "Return to Montauk" by Volker Schlöndorff and Colm Tóibín was inspired by the novel.
Max and Moritz
Max and Moritz: A Story of Seven Boyish Pranks (original: Max und Moritz – Eine Bubengeschichte in sieben Streichen) is a German language illustrated story in verse. This highly inventive, blackly humorous tale, told entirely in rhymed couplets, was written and illustrated by Wilhelm Busch and published in 1865. It is among the early works of Busch, nevertheless it already features many substantial, effectually aesthetic and formal regularities, procedures and basic patterns of Busch's later works. Many familiar with comic strip history consider it to have been the direct inspiration for the "Katzenjammer Kids" and "Quick & Flupke". The German title satirizes the German custom of giving a subtitle to the name of dramas in the form of "Ein Drama in ... Akten" ("A Drama in ... Acts"), which became dictum in colloquial usage for any event with an unpleasant or dramatic course, e.g. "Bundespräsidentenwahl - Drama in drei Akten" ("Federal Presidential Elections - Drama in Three Acts").
Jack Fritscher
Fritscher has published both fiction and non-fiction works. His first novel was " What They Did to the Kid: Confessions of an Altar Boy" (1965), and his first gay novel was "I Am Curious (Leather)" aka "Leather Blues" (1969). He authored the first nonfiction book on gays and magic in " Popular Witchcraft Straight from the Witch's Mouth" (1972). His short-story collection "Corporal in Charge of Taking Care of Captain O'Malley" (Gay Sunshine Press, 1984) was the first collection of leather fiction, and the first collection of fiction from "Drummer" magazine. The title entry "Corporal in Charge" was the only play published by editor Winston Leyland in the Lambda Literary Award Winner "Gay Roots: Twenty Years of Gay Sunshine - An Anthology of Gay History, Sex, Politics & Culture" (1991).
Collage novel
The Dadaist and Surrealist Max Ernst (1891-1976) is generally credited with inventing the collage novel, employing nineteenth-century engravings cut and pasted together to create new images. His works include "Les Malheurs des immortels" (1922), "La Femme 100 Têtes" (1929), "Rêve d'une petite fille..." (1930) and "Une Semaine de Bonté" (1933-1934).
Max Frisch
Frisch adapted principals of Bertolt Brecht's Epic theatre both for his dramas and for his prose works. As early as 1948 he concluded a contemplative piece on the alienation effect with the observation, "One might be tempted to ascribe all these thoughts to the narrative author: the linguistic application of the alienation effect, the wilfully mischievous aspect of the prose, the uninhibited artistry which most German language readers will reject because they find it "too arty" and because it inhibits empathy and connection, sabotaging the conventional illusion that the story in the narrative really happened." Notably, in the 1964 novel "Gantenbein" "("A Wilderness of Mirrors")", Frisch rejected the conventional narrative continuum, presenting instead, within a single novel, a small palette of variations and possibilities. The play (1967) extended similar techniques to theatre audiences. Already in "Stiller" (1954) Frisch embedded, in a novel, little sub-narratives in the form of fragmentary episodic sections from his "diaries". In his later works Frisch went further with a form of that produced a literary collage of texts, notes and visual imagery in "The Holozän" (1979).
Hallie Erminie Rives
Rives wrote her first novel at age eight, though her writing was not encouraged by her parents. Her first novel was published when she was eighteen. In her novels she addressed politics between the Northern and Southern United States, issues of race, and sex, causing great debate among critics. Among them was "Smoking Flax" (1897), a novel controversial even at the time, which takes a favorable position on lynching. The novel is about an African American man accused of raping and murdering a white woman who was lynched after the governor commuted his sentence to life. Many of her novels were bestsellers. Other books she wrote were better received by critics than "Smoking Flax". Her novel, "The Castaway", is noted for being the subject of a Supreme Court copyright case, "Bobbs-Merrill v. Straus", in which the US Supreme Court recognized the first sale doctrine, permitting purchasers of copies of books to resell them without seeking permission from the copyright holder.
Jürg Reinhart
Frisch's first-born novel was positively received by contemporary critics, almost without exception providing him with adulatory publicity and setting him above other young Swiss writers of the time. In Germany, too, Frisch's work was well received, with such criticism as there was in the newspapers reserved for the Swiss resonances in the use of the German language. Leonhard Beriger missed the "lively intellectual interplay" ("den „lebendigen geistigen Austausch“") such as was provided by Jakob Schaffner (a Swiss novelist sympathetic to the political ideology of Germany in the Nazi period). According to Alexander Stephan, the German critics praised "Jürg Reinhart", above all, because of its brilliantly clear commitment to the "Great deed".
Rudolph Fisher
Fisher started his professional writing career by contributing to his articles and to journals ,such as "National Association for the Advanced of Colored People's (NAACP)" and his first contribution to magazines "The Crisis".Fisher's first novel ""Walls of Jericho"" came out in 1928. He was inspired by a friend's challenge to write this novel treating both the upper and lower classes of black Harlem equally. This novel presents a vision that African American men and women can both get ahead in life if they come together and form a bond against centuries of oppression. He then went on in 1932 to write ""The Conjure Man Dies"", the first novel with a black detective as well as the first detective novel with only black characters. This novel was also set in Harlem. His novel was publicized by Covici-Friede making him the second African American to write a detective novel in the United States. He also wrote two short stories, the first of the two ""City of Refuge"", appeared in the "Atlantic Monthly" of February 1925, and the second, ""Vestiges"" both appeared in Alain Locke's anthology. These two short stories accurately depicted life and events during the Harlem Renaissance. Fisher's last published work, ""Miss Cynthie"" appeared in story magazine in 1933. It was a short story about a Southern migrant grandmother, Miss Cynthie. She arrived in Harlem to meet her successful grandson. She was a hard-working and religious woman who had raised her grandson in the South. She expected him to have established himself as a member of the black professional society. What she did not know was that his success emerged from being an entertainer in a theater which she viewed to be a sinful place. Although she is against what he does, she comes to realize that he has developed into an honest young man. Other short stories written by Rudolph Fisher are, High Yaller in 1926, Blades of Steel in 1927, Ringtail, The South still lingers on, Fire by night, The promise land The Caucasian storms Harlem in 1927 and Common meter in 1930.
Max Frisch
Working with the theatre director Hirschfeld enabled Frisch to meet some leading fellow playwrights who would influence his later work. He met the exiled German write, Carl Zuckmayer, in 1946, and the young Friedrich Dürrenmatt in 1947. Despite artistic differences on self-awareness issues, Dürrenmatt and Frisch became lifelong friends. 1947 was also the year in which Frisch met Bertolt Brecht, already established as a doyen of German theatre and of the political left. An admirer of Brecht's work, Frisch now embarked on regular exchanges with the older dramatist on matters of shared artistic interest. Brecht encouraged Frisch to write more plays, while placing emphasis on social responsibility in artistic work. Although Brecht's influence is evident in some of Frisch's theoretical views and can be seen in one or two of his more practical works, the Swiss writer could never have been numbered among Brecht's followers. He kept his independent position, by now increasingly marked by scepticism in respect of the polarized political grandstanding which in Europe was a feature of the early cold war years. This is particularly apparent in his 1948 play "" ("Als der Krieg zu Ende war"), based on eye-witness accounts of the Red Army as an occupying force.
The Robbers
The Robbers ("") is the first drama by German playwright Friedrich Schiller. The play was published in 1781 and premiered on 13 January 1782 in Mannheim, Germany, and was inspired by Leisewitz' earlier play "Julius of Tarent". It was written towards the end of the German "Sturm und Drang" ("Storm and Stress") movement, and many critics, such as Peter Brooks, consider it very influential in the development of European melodrama. The play astounded its Mannheim audience and made Schiller an overnight sensation. It later became the basis for Verdi's opera of the same name, "I masnadieri".
Homo faber
"Homo Faber" is the title of an influential novel by the Swiss author Max Frisch, published in 1957.
Maxwell Gray
Her first novel, "The Broken Tryst", was published in 1879 to lukewarm reviews, but Tuttiett achieved critical and popular success with the 1886 "The Silence of Dean Maitland" ("a powerful and impressive story, which was appreciated both by critics and by the public" ). This tells the story of a churchman who gets a young woman pregnant and kills her father in a fight, then allows the wrongful imprisonment of his friend for the manslaughter. On the eve of his accession to bishop, he is forced to face his guilt when that friend returns, released from prison on ticket of leave.
Max Frisch
At the end of 1955 Frisch started work on his novel, "Homo Faber" which would be published in 1957. It concerns an engineer who views life through a "technical" ultra-rational prism. "Homo Faber" was chosen as a study text for the schools and became the most read of Frisch's books. The book involves a journey which mirrors a trip that Frisch himself undertook to Italy in 1956, and subsequently to America (his second visit, this time also taking in Mexico and Cuba). The following year Frisch visited Greece which is where the latter part of "Homo Faber" unfolds.
Franz Galich
NovelsShort Story
Adolf Frisé
After the war Adolf Frisé arranged to meet the widow of Robert Musil, Martha Musil, in order to secure the literary estate of the author who had died in 1942. Musil had published the first two volumes of his acclaimed novel "Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften" ("The Man Without Qualities)" in 1930 (vol. 1) and 1933 (vol. 2) and Martha Musil had decided to publish the unfinished chapters and some other materials from his estate in 1943 whilst in exile in Switzerland.
Jürg Reinhart
For Walburg Schwenke the novel, in common with all Max Frisch's early work, is in the first instance a presentation of the fundamental existential conflict between the bourgeois life and the artistic existence. Frisch's alter ego, the protagonist Jürg Reinhart, is the social outsider. He remains incapable of handling his relations the baroness or Hilde. Whereas he is inept in social situations, in his dealings with Nature he is perfectly capable of overcoming obstacles. For instance, the sea has a special function for Jürg, and his interactions both with the baroness and with Hilde reach their high point at sea. Contrasting with the social outsider, Jürg, is the socially adept Robert von Reisner. Nevertheless, the depiction of von Reisner never progresses beyond a stereotype, and really serves only to confirm that for Jürg Reinhart, and indeed with regard to Frisch's own decision to pursue self-realisation through literature, there can be no alternative.
Maximilian Schell
Beginning in 1968 Schell began writing, producing, directing and acting in a number of his own films: Among those were "The Castle" (1968), a German film based on the novel by Franz Kafka, about a man trapped in a bureaucratic nightmare. Soon after he made "Erste Liebe (First Love)" (1970), based on a novel by Ivan Turgenev. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Max Frisch
With the outbreak of war in 1939, he joined the army as a gunner. Although Swiss neutrality meant that army membership was not a full-time occupation, the country mobilised to be ready to resist a German invasion, and by 1945 Frisch had clocked up 650 days of active service. He also returned to writing. 1939 saw the publication of "From a Soldier's Diary" ("Aus dem Tagebuch eines Soldaten"), which initially appeared in the monthly journal, "". In 1940 the same writings were compiled into the book "Pages from the Bread-bag" ("Blätter aus dem Brotsack"). The book was broadly uncritical of Swiss military life, and of Switzerland's position in war-time Europe, attitudes that Frisch revisited and revised in his 1974 "" ("Dienstbuechlein"); by 1974 he felt strongly that his country had been too ready to accommodate the interests of Nazi Germany during the war years.
Max Kretzer
Kretzer's work shows an ethical and increasingly Christian socialism, e.g. in ""Das Gesicht Christi"" (i.e. "The Face of Christ"), in which Jesus appears and fights "modern" degeneracy.
He was one of the first naturalist writers, and the first to describe crafts and industrial workers.
He was seen by his contemporaries as "the pioneer of the Berlin novel".
Works include:
Max Frisch
His early work is strongly influenced by the poetical imagery of Albin Zollinger, and not without a certain imitative lyricism, something from which in later life he would distance himself, dismissing it as "phoney poeticising" "("falsche Poetisierung")". His later works employed a tighter, consciously unpretentious style, which Frisch himself described as "generally very colloquial" ("im Allgemeinen sehr gesprochen."). saw Frisch's first language as Zurich German, the dialect of Swiss German with which he grew up. The Standard German to which he was introduced as a written and literary language is naturally preferred for his written work, but not without regular appearances by dialect variations, introduced as stylistic devices.
Max Nivelli
The film is an adaptation of a novel by the same name, written by Max Glass and published in 1919. In his novel, Glass described a dark world consumed by disease and war. The film makers decided to take the story to a more contemporary context and produced what was to become the first fictional account of the events of January 1919 in Berlin, the so-called “Spartacist Uprising”. This film is also considered one of the anti-Bolshevik films of that era.
Wilhelm Busch
German "Moritzian"-inspired stories include "Lies und Lene; die Schwestern von Max und Moritz" (Hulda Levetzow, F. Maddalena, 1896), "Schlumperfritz und Schlamperfranz" (1922), "Sigismund und Waldemar, des Max und Moritz Zwillingspaar" (Walther Günther, 1932) and "Mac und Mufti" (Thomas Ahlers, Volker Dehs, 1987). These are shaped by observations of the First and Second World Wars, while the original is a moral story. In 1958 the Christian Democratic Union used the "Max and Moritz" characters for a campaign in North Rhine-Westphalia, the same year that the East German satirical magazine "Eulenspiegel" used them to caricature black labour. In 1969 "Max and Moritz" "participated" in late 1960s student activism.
Jürg Reinhart
Shortly after getting home to Zürich Frisch set down his experiences in the novel "Jürg Reinhart". His original intention had been to use the material for a stage play. According to Julian Schütt, this explains to the carefully crafted dialogue section at the beginning of the book in which Jürg is found fending off the advances of a determined Dutch woman of riper years. The novel incorporates numerous journalistic passages which had already been published elsewhere, mostly in the travel articles he had had published in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ). Looking back later, Frisch himself recalled: "there was so much text there, that I called a halt to writing more; I simply glued the articles together".
Hildegard Maria Rauchfuß
"Schlesisches Himmelreich" (""Silesian Heaven""), published in 1968, during the run-up towards a pragmatic and cautious easing of political tensions between East and West Germany, was the first of her novels to achieve success on both sides of the Cold War barrier dividing the two Germanies. Strongly autobiographical, in this 700 page novel (""Bildungsroman"") the author recalls the Nazi delusions that destroyed the cohabitative lives of Germans, Poles and Jews, and the ensuing ethnic cleansing. Twelve years later another strongly autobiographical novel, "Fische auf Zweigen" ("literally, "Fish in the branches"") dealt with the personal development of a young woman who has grown up in the conservative Silesian middle-class milieu of the 1920s coming to terms with the challenges and family tensions presented by life in the Soviet occupation zone and the German Democratic Republic in the later 1940s. Gender and discrimination issues feature particularly strongly in this book.
Robert Kroetsch
Novels
Jaroslav Durych
Under the influence of Josef Florian, he published his first novel, "" (Wandering, 1929), an historical piece set in the time of the Thirty Years' War, then "Služebníci neužiteční" (Roughly: Servants are Useless), a novel about Jesuit missionaries in 17th-century Japan, led by Charles Spinola. Only the first part could be published in Czechoslovakia, because Durych was silenced following the Communist coup d'état in 1948. A full four volume edition was published in Rome in 1969. "Bloudění" was translated into English as "Descent of the Idol" and published in the United States in 1936.
Miles Tredinnick
His first novel "Fripp", was published in 2001. A Kindle ebook version was published in 2011.
Jürg Reinhart
On several occasions Max Frisch himself referred to the autobiographical background of "Jürg Reinhart": "What resulted was a first, very youthful novel which, like many first novels, remained firmly rooted in autobiography". Again, in a conversation with , Frisch stressed that "Jürg Reinhart" was "a barely disguised autobiography, but viewed as an autobiography it simply was not honest enough".
Max Frisch
Marianne Oellers accompanied her future husband on numerous foreign trips. In 1963 they visited the United States for the American premieres of "The Fire Raisers" and "Andorra", and in 1965 they visited Jerusalem where Frisch was presented with the Jerusalem Prize for the Freedom of the Individual in Society. In order to try to form an independent assessment of "life behind the Iron Curtain" they then, in 1966, toured the Soviet Union. They returned two years later to attend a "Writers' Congress" at which they met Christa and , leading authors in what was then East Germany, with whom they established lasting friendships. After they married, Frisch and his young wife continued to travel extensively, visiting Japan in 1969 and undertaking extended stays in the United States. Many impressions of these visits are published in Frisch's "Tagebuch" covering the period 1966–1971.
Sax Rohmer
After penning "Little Tich" in 1911 (as ghostwriter for the famous music hall entertainer of the same name: Little Tich) he issued the first Fu Manchu novel, "The Mystery of Dr. Fu-Manchu", serialised from October 1912 to June 1913. It was an immediate success, with its fast-paced story of Denis Nayland Smith and Dr. Petrie facing the worldwide conspiracy of the "Yellow Peril". The Fu Manchu stories, together with his more conventional detective series characters—Paul Harley, Gaston Max, Red Kerry, Morris Klaw (an occult detective), and The Crime Magnet—made Rohmer one of the most successful and well-paid authors of the 1920s and 1930s.
Max Frisch
Max Rudolf Frisch (15 May 1911 – 4 April 1991) was a Swiss playwright and novelist. Frisch's works focused on problems of identity, individuality, responsibility, morality, and political commitment. The use of irony is a significant feature of his post-war output. Frisch was one of the founders of Gruppe Olten. He was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1986.
Max Frisch
Adolf Muschg, purporting to address Frisch directly on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, contemplates the older man's contribution: "Your position in the history of literature, how can it be described? You have not been, in conventional terms, an innovator… I believe you have defined an era through something both unobtrusive and fundamental: a new experimental ethos (and pathos). Your books form deep literary investigation from an act of the imagination." Marcel Reich-Ranicki saw similarities with at least some of the other leading German-language writers of his time: "Unlike Dürrenmatt or Böll, but in common with Grass and Uwe Johnson, Frisch wrote about the complexes and conflicts of intellectuals, returning again and again "to us", creative intellectuals from the ranks of the educated middle-classes: no one else so clearly identified and saw into our mentality. Friedrich Dürrenmatt marvelled at his colleague: "the boldness with which he immediately launches out with utter subjectivity. He is himself always at the heart of the matter. His matter is the matter. In Dürrenmatt's last letter to Frisch he coined the formulation that Frisch in his work had made "his case to the world".
Voyager (film)
In June 1957, at the Athens Airport, Hannah and Walter embrace and say goodbye. Walter sits dejected in the airport terminal. When his flight is called, he remains seated, pondering his fate and existence."Voyager" is based on the 1957 novel "Homo Faber" by Swiss author Max Frisch, who wrote the novel as a reflection on his country's complex role during World War II. Frisch saw parallels between Switzerland's neutrality during the war and the thoughtlessness and casual neglect of the Swiss engineer toward the young Jewish woman, who bears his child on the eve of the war. The main character shows some resemblance to Frisch, a frustrated architect turned author.
Max Frisch
A defining element in Frisch was an underlying scepticism as to the adequacy of language. In "I'm Not Stiller" his protagonist cries out, "I have no language for my reality!" (""... ich habe keine Sprache für meine Wirklichkeit!""). The author went further in his "Diary 1946–49" ("Tagebuch 1946–49"): "What is important: the unsayable, the white space between the words, while these words themselves we always insert as side-issues, which as such are not the central part of what we mean. Our core concern remains unwritten, and that means, quite literally, that you write around it. You adjust the settings. You provide statements that can never contain actual experience: experience itself remains beyond the reach of language... and that unsayable reality appears, at best, as a tension between the statements." Werner Stauffacher saw in Frisch's language "a language the searches for humanity's unspeakable reality, the language of visualisation and exploration", but one that never actually uncovers the underlying secret of reality.
Hans M. Hirschi
Hirschi began writing Greek mythology as a teenager. He wrote a book about e-learning pedagogy and another about his management philosophies during his corporate career. After his son was born, Hirschi wrote fictional works. He has self-published a poetry book and a short story. He has also published four novels and an e-book documenting his experience with parenting in India. Hirschi is a member of the Swedish Writers' Union and the Writers' Center in Sweden. In 2015, Hirschi released his first science fiction novel, "Willem of the Tafel". Hirschi’s novels try to tell positive, hopeful stories for the LGBT community, without shying away from difficult topics, and often center around families and relationships. In 2018 Hirschi ventured into writing for a much younger audience with his first children’s book and his youth fantasy series The Golden One which tackles the environmental challenges facing Earth but also the gap between those growing up and the adults.
Max Frisch
A sketch for Frisch's next play, "Andorra" had also already appeared in the "Tagebuch 1946–1949". "Andorra" deals with the power of preconceptions concerning fellow human beings. The principal character, Andri, is a youth who is assumed to be, like his father, Jewish. The boy therefore has to deal with anti-semitic prejudice, and while growing up he has acquired traits which those around him regard as "typically Jewish". There is also exploration of various associated individual hypocrisies that arise in the small fictional town where the action takes place. It later transpires that Andri is his father's adopted son and therefore not himself Jewish, although the townsfolk are too focused on their preconceptions to accept this. The themes of the play seem to have been particularly close to the author's heart: in the space of three years Frisch had written no fewer than five versions before, towards the end of 1961, it received its first performance. The play was a success both with the critics and commercially. It nevertheless attracted controversy, especially after it opened in the United States, from those who thought that it treated with unnecessary frivolity issues which were still extremely painful so soon after the Nazi Holocaust had been publicised in the west. Another criticism was that by presenting its theme as one of generalised human failings, the play somehow diminished the level of specifically German guilt for recent real-life atrocities.
Max Frisch
Frisch made his first contribution to the newspaper "Neue Zürcher Zeitung" (NZZ) in May 1931, but the death of his father in March 1932 persuaded him to make a full-time career of journalism in order to generate an income to support his mother. He developed a lifelong ambivalent relationship with the NZZ; his later radicalism was in stark contrast to the conservative views of the newspaper. The move to the NZZ is the subject of his April 1932 essay, titled "Was bin ich?" ("What am I?"), his first serious piece of freelance work. Until 1934 Frisch combined journalistic work with coursework at the university. Over 100 of his pieces survive from this period; they are autobiographical, rather than political, dealing with his own self-exploration and personal experiences, such as the break-up of his love affair with the 18-year-old actress Else Schebesta. Few of these early works made it into the published compilations of Frisch's writings that appeared after he had become better known. Frisch seems to have found many of them excessively introspective even at the time, and tried to distract himself by taking labouring jobs involving physical exertion, including a period in 1932 when he worked on road construction.
Max Frisch
At the ETH, Frisch studied architecture with William Dunkel, whose pupils also included Justus Dahinden and Alberto Camenzind, later stars of Swiss architecture. After receiving his diploma in the summer of 1940, Frisch accepted an offer of a permanent position in Dunkel's architecture studio, and for the first time in his life was able to afford a home of his own. While working for Dunkel he met another architect, Gertrud Frisch-von Meyenburg, and on 30 July 1942 the two were married. The marriage produced three children: Ursula (1943), Hans Peter (1944), and Charlotte (1949). Much later, in a book of her own, "Sturz durch alle Spiegel", which appeared in 2009, his daughter Ursula reflected on her difficult relationship with her father.
In 1943 Frisch was selected from among 65 applicants to design the new (subsequently renamed "Max-Frisch-Bad") swimming pool in the Zürich district of Albisrieden. Because of this substantial commission he was able to open his own architecture studio, with a couple of employees. Wartime materials shortages meant that construction had to be deferred until 1947, but the public swimming pool was opened in 1949. It is now protected under historic monument legislation. In 2006/2007 it underwent an extensive renovation which returned it to its original condition.
Øvre Richter Frich
Frich made his literary debut in 1911 with the adventurous novel "De knyttede næver", the first in a series of books about the hero, Jonas Fjeld. This book was a great success, and from 1913 Frich started travelling around the world, while he continued his writings. He wrote a total of about seventy books, including 21 novels about Jonas Fjeld's adventures. He also issued the documentary "Boken om tobakk" ("The Tobacco Book", 1934) and several books on wine in Norwegian and Swedish from 1929 to 1938.
Christian Kracht
The protagonists of Kracht's fiction embark on journeys that take them in search of an elusive moment of immersive, utopian experience or spiritual enlightenment often located in a different nation or culture. Their journey usually, but not always, results in disappointment, failure or even death. The theme of travel was introduced in Kracht's debut novel "Faserland" (1995), a text that is often central in the discussion of German pop literature by literary critics and scholars. While the first wave of the novel's criticism identified Faserland as a novel about the affirmation of brand names and consumer culture, a second wave of criticism suggested rather that the novels evinces the protagonist's dissatisfaction with his lifestyle and existential "ennui". Early criticism of the novel suggested the influence of Bret Easton Ellis on his work, with some commentators even accusing him of plagiarism. Since the critical revaluation of "Faserland", however, critics have observed the potential influence of the novel on in work by younger German-language writers such as Leif Randt in his 2011 novel "Schimmernder Dunst über Coby County" ("The glistening haze over Coby County").
Julia Flisch
In addition to Flisch's nonfiction writing and newspaper articles, she wrote fiction. In 1886, she published her first novel, "Ashes of Hope," about young girls seeking independence. Her second novel, published in 1925, "Old Hurricane," received good reviews.
Andorra (play)
Andorra is a play written by the Swiss dramatist Max Frisch in 1961. The original text came from a prose sketch Frisch had written in his diary titled "Der andorranische Jude" ("The Andorran Jew"). The Andorra in Frisch's play is fictional and not intended to be a representation of the real Andorra located between France and Spain. Frisch has stated that the title "Andorra" had only been intended as a working title but later liked using the term "Andorrans" so much he kept it.
Fripp (novel)
Fripp is a comedy novel by Miles Tredinnick. It tells the story of a young private investigator, Twyford Fripp, taking on his very first case in attempting to track down the missing wife of a Rear Admiral. It was first published in 2001 and a Kindle ebook version was released in 2011. "Fripp" is the author's first novel.
Alexander Zorich
Over the years Alexander Zorich has published lots of verses and short stories in small literature magazines. The first large novel by Alexander Zorich saw the light of the day in 1997. Since then Zorich has released 7 fantasy novels ("The Sign of Destruction", "The Seed of Wind", "The Ways of Starborned", "Love and Rule", "You Win", "The Combat Vehicle of Love", "The Light of Nighttime"), one cyberpunk novel ("The Season of Weapon"), the book in the genre of alternate history and its sequel ("Charles the Duke", "The First Sword of Burgundy"), four "classic" science fiction novels ("The Consul of Commonwealth" and the "Tomorrow War" trilogy), two fairy tales ("Denis Kotik", two related books), one stories collection ("Nothing Sacred") and one "cryptohistory" novel ("Roman Star") dedicated to Publius Ovidius Naso. In fact the only fiction genre Alexander Zorich has never worked in is the horror genre.
Max Barry
Max Barry (born 18 March 1973) is an Australian author. He also maintains a blog on various topics, including politics. When he published his first novel, "Syrup", he spelled his name "Maxx", but subsequently has used "Max".
Malcolm Afford
Max Afford wrote three novels while in his twenties, which were later published in England and America. He worked as a reporter at the "News and Mail" from 1926 to 1931. His first story was published in "Smith's Weekly" in 1928. In 1936 he won the "Advertiser"'s centenary play competition with "William Light The Founder" (later titled "Awake My Love"). His 'Jeffrey Blackburn' novels included "Blood on His Hands!" (London, 1936) and "Death's Mannikins" (London, 1937). Many were dramatised for radio, starring Peter Finch and Neva Carr Glyn as the husband-and-wife detective team. Afford wrote eight crime novels, usually employing English settings, and more than sixty radio and stage plays, usually stories of crime involving the sifting of situations that ultimately uncover the perpetrators. He was considered somewhat of a pioneer of the "whodunit" in radio broadcasting.
A science fiction story, "The Gland Men of the Island", appeared in "Wonder Stories" in January 1931.
Afford was one of the first contract writers to be engaged by the ABC. In 1936, he won three playwriting awards, and was appointed Staff Dramatist by the ABC, with whom he was contracted for six years. During this time he wrote 30 one-and-a-half-hour plays, 15 serials, more than 100 play adaptations, and produced a number of his own plays. From 1941 he wrote children's and adult radio serials including "Hagen's Circus" (800 episodes) for radio 2GB and 2UE.
Franz Werfel
In April 1924, "Verdi – Roman der Oper" (Novel of the Opera) was published by Zsolnay Verlag, establishing Werfel's reputation as a novelist. In 1926, Werfel was awarded the Grillparzer Prize by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and in Berlin, Max Reinhardt performed his play "Juarez and Maximilian". By the end of the decade, Werfel had become one of the most important and established writers in German and Austrian literature and had already merited one full-length critical biography.
Akbar Radi
In 1954, Radi was introduced to the works of Sadeq Hedayat, the prominent storywriter, and wrote his first novella, Muš-e mordeh (The dead mouse), which was published in the Kayhan newspaper in 1956, and in the same year won the first prize in the competition for fiction writing, established by Eṭṭelāʿāt-e javānān, an offshoot of Eṭṭelāʿāt which was published for the youth (Šarifi, p. 673). A staging of the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen’s (1828-1906) A Doll’s House in 1957 in Tehran, as he acknowledged later, was a turning point in his literary career. “I would have never become a playwright had I not seen that play.” (ʿAnqāʾ, personal notes; Oskuʾi, p. 281) Rowzaneh-ye ābi (The blue outlet, Tehran, 1962; Figure 2, Figure 3) and Oful (The decline, Tehran, 1964), Radi’s first two plays, written after experiencing Ibsen, garnered critical appreciation from Šāhin Sarkisiyān, the acclaimed director, as “an innovative step in dramatic literature (Raḥmati and Dowlatābādi, p. 121). A family saga, Rowzaneh-ye ābi, revolves around incessant conflicts between a father and his four young children, who stand against his traditional beliefs. The mother supports her children and forces the father out of the house. “The credo propounded in Radi’s works,” as noted by Moḥammad Čarmšir, “does not belong just to a sole character, but to all characters, as well as the audience” (Ṭālebi, p. 91).
Wilhelm Busch
Following, in 1875, was the "Knopp Trilogy", about the life of Tobias Knopp: "Adventures of a Bachelor" (Abenteuer eines Junggesellen), "Mr. and Mrs. Knopp" (Herr und Frau Knopp) (1876), and "Julie" (Julchen) (1877). The antagonists of the trilogy are not pairs of nuisances as with "Max and Moritz" or "Jack Crook, Bird of Evil" (Hans Huckebein, der Unglücksrabe). Without pathos, Busch makes Knopp become aware of his mortality:Rosen, Tanten, Basen, Nelken
Sind genötigt zu verwelken;
Ach — und endlich auch durch mich
Macht man einen dicken Strich.
April, cousins, maidens, May
Irretrievably decay;
And I also, soon enough,
Shall be cancelled and crossed off.In the first part of the trilogy, Knopp is depressed and will look for a wife. He visits his old friends and their wives who he finds in unenviable relationships. Still not convinced that the life of a bachelor is one for him, he returns home, and without further ado proposes to his housekeeper. The following marriage proposal is, according to Busch biographer Joseph Kraus, one of the shortest in the history of German literature:
Max Fürst
Max Fürst (June 2, 1905 – June 21, 1978) was a German author. He wrote about his boyhood in Königsberg and his friendship with Hans Litten.
Max Frisch
The diary became a very characteristic prose form for Frisch. In this context, "diary" does not indicate a private record, made public to provide readers with voyeuristic gratification, nor an intimate journal of the kind associated with Henri-Frédéric Amiel. The diaries published by Frisch were closer to the literary "structured consciousness" narratives associated with Joyce and Döblin, providing an acceptable alternative but effective method for Frisch to communicate real-world truths. After he had intended to abandon writing, pressured by what he saw as an existential threat from his having entered military service, Frisch started to write a diary which would be published in 1940 with the title "Pages from the Bread-bag" (""Blätter aus dem Brotsack""). Unlike his earlier works, output in diary form could more directly reflect the author's own positions. In this respect the work influenced Frisch's own future prose works. He published two further literary diaries covering the periods 1946–1949 and 1966–1971. The typescript for a further diary, started in 1982, was discovered only in 2009 among the papers of Frisch's secretary. Before that it had been generally assumed that Frisch had destroyed this work because he felt that the decline of his creativity and short term memory meant that he could no longer do justice to the diary genre. The newly discovered typescript was published in March 2010 by Suhrkamp Verlag. Because of its rather fragmentary nature Frisch's "Diary 3" ("Tagebuch 3") was described by the publisher as a draft work by Frisch: it was edited and provided with an extensive commentary by Peter von Matt, chairman of the Max Frisch Foundation.
Max Frisch Archive
The Max Frisch Archive was established in the Department of German Language and Literature at ETH Zurich in 1980. In 1981 the German philologist Walter Obschlager became its first archivist: The archive has been open to the public since April 1983. In April 2004 the archives moved to ETH Library premises, where they have also been integrated organisationally since 1 September 2016. Literary scholar Tobias Amslinger has been running the archive since 1 September 2016.
Ingeborg Bachmann
In 1953, she moved to Rome, Italy, where she spent the large part of the following years working on poems, essays and short stories as well as opera libretti in collaboration with Hans Werner Henze, which soon brought with them international fame and numerous awards.
Her relationship with the Swiss author Max Frisch (1911–1991) influenced the depiction of the second protagonist in Frisch's 1964 novel "Gantenbein" upon her. His infidelity, and their separation in 1962, had a deep impact on Bachmann.
Max Frisch bibliography
This is a bibliography of works by Max Frisch.
Max Frisch
Many of Frisch's most important plays, such as "" ("Count Öderland") (1951), "" ("Don Juan oder Die Liebe zur Geometrie") (1953), "The Fire Raisers" (1953) and "Andorra" (1961), were initially sketched out in the "Diary 1946–1949" ("Tagebuch 1946–1949") some years before they appeared as stage plays. At the same time several of his novels such as "I'm Not Stiller" (1954), "Homo Faber" (1957) as well as the narrative work "Montauk" (1975) take the form of diaries created by their respective protagonists. Sybille Heidenreich points out that even the more open narrative form employed in "Gantenbein / A Wilderness of Mirrors" (1964) closely follows the diary format. Rolf Keiser points out that when Frisch was involved in the publication of his collected works in 1976, the author was keen to ensure that they were sequenced chronologically and not grouped according to genre: in this way the sequencing of the collected works faithfully reflects the chronological nature of a diary.
Josef Václav Frič
Already at a high school, Frič joined the illegal activities of radical democrats. He had to flee from Prague (1846) and worked in Paris and London, among the Polish emigration. In 1847, he returned to Prague and joined secret society "Repeal". In June 1848, Repeal launched an armed struggle. Frič organized fighting on the barricades. After the defeat of the rebellion he fled to Vienna, then to Zagreb and later he joined the Slovak revolutionary army of Ľudovít Štúr. In Slovakia he was seriously wounded. In 1849, after an amnesty in Austria Frič returned to Prague. He formed a new radical democratic organization "Českomoravské bratrstvo" ("Bohemian-Moravian Brotherhood"). During preparations for a new rebellion he was arrested. He was sentenced to 18 years in prison in Komárno. In 1854, Frič was released. He lived in Prague under police supervision. He joined the literary life. He helped to form the almanac "Máj", in which he announced a new generation of poets, with Jan Neruda as the leader). However, in 1858 Frič was arrested again. He was sent into exile in Transylvania. In 1859 he was allowed to emigrate, subsequently living in London and Paris. In exile he founded the magazines "Čech" and "Blaník". In 1879, he was allowed to return to Prague. The new political situation for him was unintelligible, so he focused only on literature and writing memoirs. He was one of the few Czech politicians of the 19th century to demand a break of Austria-Hungary. Frič worked closely with the radical democrats in other countries (Mieroslawski, Gercen, Bakunin, Kinkel, Garibaldi, Teleki, Kossuth). His most important literary work is the patriotic poem "The Vampire" (1849).
Ventus (Schroeder novel)
Ventus is a 2001 science fiction/fantasy novel by Karl Schroeder. It was Schroeder's debut solo novel, and introduced his concept of "thalience". The novel is available for free under the Creative Commons license at Schroeder's website. Its prequel, "Lady of Mazes", was published in 2005.
Max Frisch
The "Tagebuch 1946–1949" was followed, in 1951, by "" ("Count Öderland"), a play that picked up on a narrative that had already been sketched out in the "diaries". The story concerns a state prosecutor named Martin who grows bored with his middle-class existence, and drawing inspiration from the legend of Count Öderland, sets out in search of total freedom, using an axe to kill anyone who stands in his way. He ends up as the leader of a revolutionary freedom movement, and finds that the power and responsibility that his new position imposes on him leaves him with no more freedom than he had before. This play flopped, both with the critics and with audiences, and was widely misinterpreted as the criticism of an ideology or as being essentially nihilistic, and strongly critical of the direction that Switzerland's political consensus was by now following. Frisch nevertheless regarded "Count Öderland" as one of his most significant creations: he managed to get it returned to the stage in 1956 and again in 1961, but it failed, on both occasions, to win many new friends.
Theophil Spoerri
Between 1922 and 1956 he was an Associate Professor of Romance Philology at the University of Zurich where his students included the future novelist Max Frisch. In respect of university administration he was made Dean in 1932, and university Rector between 1948 and 1950. Between 1942 and 1951, together with his colleague , he produced a quarterly publication entitled “Trivium. Schweizerische Vierteljahresschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Stilkritik” ("”Trivium: Swiss quarterly journal for literary knowledge and criticism“")
Text comics
The earliest examples of text comics are the Swiss comics series "Histoire de M. Vieux Bois" (1827) by Rodolphe Töpffer, the French comics "Les Travaux d'Hercule" (1847), "Trois artistes incompris et mécontents" (1851), "Les Dés-agréments d'un voyage d'agrément" (1851) and "L'Histoire de la Sainte Russie" (1854) by Gustave Doré, the German "Max und Moritz" (1866) by Wilhelm Busch and the British "Ally Sloper" (1867) by Charles Henry Ross and Émilie de Tessier. Töpffer often put considerable effort in the narrative captions of his graphic narratives, which made them just as distinctive and appealing as the drawings. Wilhelm Busch used rhyming couplets in his captions.
Charles Dantzig
Charles Dantzig's first novel, "Confitures de crimes" (the title refers to a line from a poem by H.J.-M. Levet: "Le soleil se couche en des confitures de crimes"), was published by Les Belles Lettres in 1993. It recounted the life of a poet elected president of France, who went on to start a war. This work of fiction was the first indication of Charles Dantzig's passion for literature and his ironic handling of posturing and comedy. His second novel, "Nos vies hâtives" (Grasset, 2001), was awarded the Prix Jean-Freustié and the Roger Nimier Prize. The third, "Un film d'amour", was published in 2003. It was a choral novel with a scholarly structure that supposedly drew on a TV documentary on the death of a young film-maker by the name of Birbillaz. "At first, the reader takes this book – intelligent from the first line to the last – for a formalist whimsy, before grasping that it aims for a kind of totality, like all great books. It leaves behind its ostensible subject, the portrait of the absent figure, Birbillaz, to focus on his brother – his double, his mirror image – like something out of Robert Louis Stevenson: a failure in life, bitter, rotten to the core, who says no to everything, to the point of obstinacy and pain. No to love, to talent, to creativity, to goodness, to beauty. A "no!" that he shouts in people's faces, to the very gates of Hell – and no doubt beyond." (Jacques Drillon, Le Nouvel Observateur, October 16, 2003). Grasset published Charles Dantzig's fourth novel," Je m'appelle François", in 2007. It was inspired by the real-life crimes of Christophe Rocancourt, which the author transformed and transfigured into a new fictional destiny. In August 2011 appears "Dans un avion pour Caracas", a novel entirely happening in a plane flight between Paris and Caracas.
Max Frisch
Frisch's dramas up until the early 1960s are divided by the literary commentator into three groups: (1) the early wartime pieces, (2) the poetic plays such as "" ("Don Juan oder Die Liebe zur Geometrie") and (3) the dialectical pieces. It is above all with this third group, notably the parable "The Fire Raisers" (1953), identified by Frisch as a "lesson without teaching", and with "Andorra" (1961) that Frisch enjoyed the most success. Indeed, these two are among the most successful German language plays. The writer nevertheless remained dissatisfied because he believed they had been widely misunderstood. In an interview with Heinz Ludwig Arnold Frisch vigorously rejected their allegorical approach: "I have established only that when I apply the parable format, I am obliged to deliver a message that I actually do not have". After the 1960s Frisch moved away from the theatre. His late biographical plays "" ("Biografie: Ein Spiel") and "" were apolitical but they failed to match the public success of his earlier dramas. It was only shortly before his death that Frisch returned to the stage with a more political message, with "Jonas and his Veteran", a stage version of his arresting dialogue "Switzerland without an army? A Palaver".
Max Frisch
In the 1960s, by publicly challenging some contradictions and settled assumptions, both Frisch und Dürrenmatt contributed to a major revision in Switzerland's view if itself and of its history. In 1974 Frisch published his "" ("Dienstbüchlein"), and from this time – possibly from earlier – Frisch became a powerfully divisive figure in Switzerland, where in some quarters his criticisms were vigorously rejected. For aspiring writers seeking a role model, most young authors preferred Frisch over Dürrenmatt as a source of instruction and enlightenment, according to Janos Szábo. In the 1960s Frisch inspired a generation of younger writers including Peter Bichsel, Jörg Steiner, Otto F. Walter, and Adolf Muschg. More than a generation after that, in 1998, when it was the turn of Swiss literature to be the special focus at the Frankfurt Book Fair, the literary commentator identified some leading Swiss writers from his own (baby-boomer) generation such as , and in whose works he had found "a curiously familiar old tone, resonating from all directions, and often almost page by page, uncanny echoes from Max Frisch's "Stiller".
The works of Frisch were also important in West Germany. The West German essayist and critic described "I'm Not Stiller" and "Homo Faber" as "two of the most significant and influential German-language novels of the 1950s". In East Germany during the 1980s Frisch's prose works and plays also ran through many editions, although here they were not the focus of so much intensive literary commentary. Translations of Frisch's works into the languages of other formally socialist countries in the Eastern Bloc were also widely available, leading the author himself to offer the comment that in the Soviet Union his works were officially seen as presenting the "symptoms of a sick capitalist society, symptoms that would never be found where the means of production have been nationalized" Despite some ideologically driven official criticism of his "individualism", "negativity" and "modernism", Frisch's works were actively translated into Russian, and were featured in some 150 reviews in the Soviet Union. Frisch also found success in his second "homeland of choice", the United States where he lived, off and on, for some time during his later years. He was generally well regarded by the New York literary establishment: one commentator found him commendably free of "European arrogance".
Marianne Fritz
She published her second novel and the first volume of this project in 1980 as "Das Kind der Gewalt und die Sterne der Romani" (The Child of Violence and the Stars of the Romani). This complex novel sold poorly, leading her publisher to drop her.
Max Frisch
In the summer of 1934 Frisch met Käte Rubensohn, who was three years his junior. The next year the two developed a romantic liaison. Rubensohn, who was Jewish, had emigrated from Berlin to continue her studies, which had been interrupted by government-led anti-Semitism and race-based legislation in Germany. In 1935 Frisch visited Germany for the first time. He kept a diary, later published as "Kleines Tagebuch einer deutschen Reise" ("Short Diary of a German Trip"), in which he described and criticised the antisemitism he encountered. At the same time, Frisch recorded his admiration for the "Wunder des Lebens" ("Wonder of Life") exhibition staged by Herbert Bayer, an admirer of the Hitler government's philosophy and policies. (Bayer was later forced to flee the country after annoying Hitler). Frisch failed to anticipate how Germany's National Socialism would evolve, and his early apolitical novels were published by the (DVA) without encountering any difficulties from the German censors. During the 1940s Frisch developed a more critical political consciousness. His failure to become more critical sooner has been attributed in part to the conservative spirit at the University of Zurich, where several professors were openly sympathetic with Hitler and Mussolini. Frisch was never tempted to embrace such sympathies, as he explained much later, because of his relationship with Käte Rubensohn, even though the romance itself ended in 1939 after she refused to marry him.
Rolf Dobelli
In 2003, Diogenes Verlag (Switzerland) published his first novel, "Fünfunddreissig" ("Thirty-five"), followed by "Und was machen Sie beruflich?" ("And What Do You Do for a Living?") in 2004, "Himmelreich" (The Heavens) in 2006, "Wer bin ich?" ("Who am I?") and "Turbulenzen" ("Turbulence") in 2007 and "Massimo Marini" in 2010. 
The major themes in Dobelli's novels are the meaning of success and the role of randomness in business and in life.
Richard Bausch
Bausch's novels and stories vary from explorations of fear and love in family life, to novels with historical backdrops, including "Rebel Powers" (1993), "Good Evening Mr. & Mrs. America, and All the Ships at Sea" (1996), "Hello to the Cannibals" (2002), and "Peace" (2008). He published his first short story in "The Atlantic" in April 1983: "All the Way in Flagstaff, Arizona" was initially an 800-page novel that he cut down, calling the process "like passing a kidney stone". He is a contributor of short stories to various periodicals, including "The Atlantic Monthly, Esquire, Harper's, The New Yorker, Playboy, Ploughshares, Narrative, and The Southern Review. His work has also been represented in anthologies, including O. Henry Prize Stories and Best American Short Stories.
Max Frisch
In April 1974, while on a book tour in the USA, Frisch launched into an affair with an American called Alice Locke-Carey who was 32 years his junior. This happened in the village of Montauk on Long Island, and Montauk was the title the author gave to an autobiographical novel that appeared in 1975. The book centred on his love life, including both his own marriage with Marianne Oellers-Frisch and an affair that she had been having with the American writer Donald Barthelme. There followed a very public dispute between Frisch and his wife over where to draw the line between private and public life, and the two became increasingly estranged, divorcing in 1979.
Schwarzach im Pongau
The author Thomas Bernhard (1931–1989), suffering from tuberculosis had to spend much time in the area as a patient at the sanatorium in nearby Sankt Veit. He made Schwarzach the setting of his first novel "Frost" published in 1963.
Carlsbad Caverns National Park
Max Frisch incorporates the story about White's discovery of the caves in his novel "I'm Not Stiller".
Charles den Tex
Charles den Tex published his first crime novel, "Dump", in 1995. he has written 10 crime novels, two short stories and a dictionary on the jargon of management and consultancy. Seven of his novels have been nominated to Gouden Strop Prize and has received the prize for three.
Philippe Besson
In 1999, Besson, a law graduate, was inspired to write his first novel, "En l'absence des hommes" while reading of accounts of ex-serviceman during the First World War.
The novel, with its daring inclusion of Marcel Proust as a central character, won the Prix Emmanuel Roblès.
Besson's second novel, "Son Frère" was shortlisted for the Prix Femina, and adapted for cinema by Patrice Chéreau in 2003.
The film was well received and won the Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival.
Felix Aderca
In parallel, he carried on with his literary activity, publishing a large number of books in quick succession and, in some cases, with significant success among the Romanian public. His first novel, titled "Domnișoara din Str. Neptun" ("Little Miss on Neptune Street"), saw print in 1921, and marked Aderca's definitive break with traditionalism. It was followed by a long line of other novels and novellas: "Țapul" ("The Goat", 1921), later reissued as "Mireasa multiplă" ("The Multiple Bride") and as "Zeul iubirii" ("The God of Love"); "Moartea unei republici roșii" ("The Death of a Red Republic", 1924); "Omul descompus" ("The Decomposed Man", 1926); "Femeia cu carne albă" ("The White-fleshed Woman", 1927). A member of the Romanian Writers' Society, Aderca also made his debut as a translator from French, publishing a version of Henri Barbusse's "Hell" (1921). In 1922, he reissued "Naționalism? Libertatea de a ucide" as "Personalitatea. Drepturile ei în artă și în viață" ("The Personality. Its Rights on Art and Life", dedicated to philosopher and "Noua Revistă Română" founder Constantin Rădulescu-Motru), and put out the first section of a more theoretical writing, "Idei și oameni" ("Ideas and People").
Jürg Reinhart
In the author's Swiss homeland, too, critical reaction was overwhelmingly positive. Writing in Der Bund, Hugo Marti found "the young Parzival from Zürich" excessively garrulous, but the encounter was nevertheless essentially characterized by sympathy and empathy. Robert Faesi, who had himself taught Frisch at Zurich University, published a supportive review of "Jürg Reinhart" in the Basler Zeitung, and the newspaper nominated Max Frisch as a "Travel talker" (""Reiseplauderer""). Characteristically harder to impress was , the long-standing literary editor of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ) (for which Frisch himself wrote regularly) who refused to serialize the novel, insisting that "Jürg Reinhart" was not a novel for the younger generation and that for him personally the subject matter did not seem to be in keeping with the times. Instead, the NZZ published a fictitious interview, and later Korrodi pushed a gloss regarding Frisch, concerning a young author who scanned the windows of all the book shops looking for his own first novel.
Torsten Rasch
Meanwhile, interest in his music grew in Great Britain when he was taken up by the publisher Faber Music, London. A Piano Trio commissioned by the BBC for the 2006 Cheltenham Festival received highly appreciative reviews; an orchestral commission for the London Philharmonic Orchestra and Kurt Masur produced Wouivres. In May 2009 Vladimir Jurowski and the LPO introduced "Mein Herz brennt" to London, this time with the original cast of René Pape and Katharina Thalbach. In Germany his first opera, "Rotter", based on a play by East German dissident Thomas Brasch, was commissioned by Cologne Opera and received its world premiere in February 2008 in a production directed by Katherina Thalbach. A new short orchestral work, "Excantare fruges" was premiered in Dresden by the Dresden Sinfoniker under Olari Elts in September that year. UK performances include two commissions instigated by Andreas Haefliger for the Two Moors Festival – which resulted in a setting of Oskar Kokoschka's poem "Die Träumenden Knaben" using a 'Pierrot' group of players, and a String Quartet for the Kuss Quartet. These took place in September 2009. In 2012, the work was revised and a performing translation into English ("The Dreaming Boys") was produced by Dr Lee Tsang of the University of Hull and published by Faber. The English performing translation was premiered by the Portumnus Ensemble (now Sinfonia UK Collective) at the University.
Albin Zollinger
His preferred place to write was in the Zürich's cafés, where he travelled from Oerlikon by tram after school. During the 1930s, his little marble table at the Café "Terrasse" achieved some local fame. There he met other Zürich writers, e.g. professor of literature Fritz Ernst, literary reviewer Bernhard Diebold, his friend Traugott Vogel or Rudolf Jakob Humm.
Three weeks before his death at the age of 46, Zollinger met the young Max Frisch on the Pfannenstiel. Frisch mentioned the meeting in his diary (“Tagebuch 1946-1949“).
Robert Faesi
From his perspective as a Germanist he wrote monographs about writers of "modern classics" such as Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, Carl Spitteler, Rainer Maria Rilke and Thomas Mann, and also chronicled a history of recent Swiss literature. With his story Fusilier Wipf which was the basis for a film that came out in 1938, Faesi also made a start on his own contribution to the more popular end of the nation's literary canon. For his Zürcher-trilogy of novels, dealing with the history of Zürich during the first half of the nineteenth century, he received the city's literary prize in 1945.
Eifel
One literary genre that has been flourishing in many regions and cities in Germany over the last few decades is the crime novel with a local or regional setting. Jacques Berndorf has become the best-selling German crime novelist with detective novels such as "Eifel-Blues" (1989), "Eifel-Sturm" (1999) or "Eifel-Träume" (2004). In 1996, he was awarded the top prize at the Eifel Literature Festival. In addition, Ralf Kramp was awarded the sponsorship prize. Kramp was the first author to write Eifel crime stories for children with his series about the "black cloverleaf" ("schwarzes Kleeblatt"). Harald Schneider (born 1962) is the author of the children's detective series "Die Meisterschnüffler", an interactive read that leads readers from 8 years old to different locations in the Eifel. Carola Clasen, Carsten Sebastian Henn, Andreas Izquierdo, Rudolf Jagusch, Martina Kempff, Elke Pistor, Edgar Noske and Hans Jürgen Sittig are other authors who contribute to the genre of Eifel crime novels. Historical crime novels have been penned by Günter Krieger and Petra Schier. Josef Zierden has published an Eifel thriller travel guide that covers countless crime novel scenes in the Eifel. In the town of Hillesheim there is an Eifel crime novel hiking trail that links the scenes of novels by Jacques Berndorf and Ralf Kramp. The crime novel house in Hillesheim houses the largest collection of detective novels in the German-speaking world with a stock of 30,000 books, and there is also a "crime café" in the house.