When did gymnastics become an Olympic sport?
Artistic gymnastics
In 1881, the FIG was founded, and it remains the governing body of international gymnastics. It initially included only three countries and was called the European Gymnastics Federation until 1921, when the first non-European countries joined the federation and it was reorganized into its present form. Gymnastics was included in the program of the 1896 Summer Olympics, but women have been allowed to participate in the Olympics only since 1928. The World Championships, held since 1903, were open only to men until 1934. Since that time, two branches of artistic gymnastics have developed: women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) and men's artistic gymnastics (MAG). Unlike men's and women's branches of many other sports, WAG and MAG differ significantly in apparatus used at major competitions and in techniques.
Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's rope climbing
The men's rope climbing event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1932 Summer Olympics. It was one of eleven gymnastics events for men and it was contested for the fourth and last time after 1896, 1904, and 1924. The competition was held on Wednesday, August 10, 1932.
Lori Fung
The time Rhythmic Gymnastics was officially added as an Olympic Sport at the 1984 Olympic Games. The gymnasts from Bulgaria and USSR were favored to win in Rhythmic Gymnastics but the Eastern led Boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics meant the top gymnasts were absent. Fung then trained with Romanian rhythmic gymnast Doina Stăiculescu but Fung would eventually upset Stăiculescu and be the first recipient of a gold medal the sport of Rhythmic Gymnastics.
Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's parallel bars
The men's parallel bars was one of eight gymnastics events on the Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The parallel bars event was held on 10 April, the seventh gymnastics event to be held. 18 gymnasts from six nations competed, with the judges announcing Alfred Flatow as the winner and Louis Zutter as the runner-up.
Timeline of women's sports in the United States
1973 - The first American to win the gymnastics title and an Olympic gold was Marcia Frederick.
Artistic gymnastics
Only senior gymnasts are allowed to compete in the Olympics, World Championships and World Cup circuit. For the current Olympic cycle, in order to compete in the 2016 Olympics, a female gymnast must have a birthdate before January 1, 2001 (corresponding to an age of at least 15 years and 8 months on the first day of the games), the counterpart gender must be minimum 18 years old. There is no maximum age restriction.
Gymnastics at the Youth Olympic Games
Gymnastics was inducted at the Youth Olympic Games at the inaugural edition in 2010. Since the first edition, three disciplines are contested: artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics -- both for boys and girls, and rhythmic gymnastics only for girls. In 2018, acrobatic gymnastics will join the programme, as well as an international team competition gathering gymnasts from all disciplines.
Participation of women in the Olympics
For the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, the javelin throw was added. At the 1936 Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, women competed in the alpine skiing combined event for the first time, with German Christl Cranz winning the gold medal. At the Summer Games of the same year held in Berlin, gymnastics returned to the programme for women.
Gymnastics all-around champions by age
Prior to 1981, the minimum required age to compete in senior events sanctioned by the FIG was 14. The earliest champions in women's gymnastics tended to be in their 20s; most had studied ballet for years before entering the sport. Hungarian gymnast Ágnes Keleti won individual gold medals at the age of 35 at the 1956 Olympics. Larisa Latynina, the first great Soviet gymnast, won her first Olympic all-around medal at the age of 21, her second at 25 and her third at 29; she became the 1958 World Champion while pregnant with her daughter. Czech gymnast Věra Čáslavská, who followed Latynina to become a two-time Olympic all-around champion, was 22 before she started winning gold medals at the highest level of the sport, and won her final Olympic all-around title at the age of 26.
Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's vault
These are the results of the men's vault competition, one of eight events for male competitors in artistic gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. The qualification and final rounds took place on July 29, 31 and August 4 at UCLA’s Pauley Pavilion. With four silver medalists, the event produced the only four-way tie in the Olympics to date.
Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's horizontal bar
The men's horizontal bar was one of eight gymnastics events on the Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. It was held on 9 April, as the sixth gymnastics event. 16 athletes from four nations entered the competition. Two winners were announced, with Hermann Weingärtner winning his first individual gold medal, which was added to his two team gold medals and his three other individual medals. His countryman, Alfred Flatow, won his first individual medal.
Gymnastics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's rings
The men's rings event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. It was one of seven gymnastics events for men and it was contested for the fourth time after 1896, 1904, and 1924. Scores from the rings event were added to the results from other individual apparatus events to give aggregate scores for the individual and team all-around events.
Pan American Gymnastics Championships
With the development and growth of gymnastics around the world, rhythmic gymnastics became an Olympic event at the 1984 Summer Olympics, which, in turn, helped the sport make its debut at the 1987 Pan American Games. The following year, a tournament for junior artistic gymnastics from the Americas was established (named the Junior Pan American Games), as well as a junior event for rhythmic gymnasts (named the Junior Rhythmic Pan American Championship). Both events were held in Puerto Rico. The junior tournaments paved the way for a competition for senior artistic and rhythmic gymnasts in 1989, named the Pan American Cup.
Gymnastics at the 1936 Summer Olympics
At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, nine events in gymnastics were contested. The competitions were held from August 10, 1936 to August 12, 1936.
Gymnastics at the South American Games
Different gymnastics disciplines have been contested at the South American Games. Artistic gymnastics has been part of the program since 1978. Rhythmic gymnastics was first introduced in 1990. Trampoline gymnastics entered the program in 2018.
Gymnastics
International competitions are split between Juniors, under sixteen by their year of birth; and Seniors, for women sixteen and over again by their year of birth. Gymnasts in Russia and Europe typically start training at a very young age and those at their peak are typically in their late teens (15–19) or early twenties. The largest events in the sport are the Olympic Games, World Championships, European Championships, World Cup and Grand-Prix Series. The first World Championships were held in 1963 with its first appearance at the Olympics in 1984.Trampolining and tumbling consists of four events, individual and synchronized trampoline, double mini trampoline, and tumbling (also known as power tumbling or rod floor). Since 2000, individual trampoline has been included in the Olympic Games. The first World Championships were held in 1964.
Swimming (sport)
Men's swimming became part of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. In 1902, the Australian Richmond Cavill introduced freestyle to the Western world. In 1908, the world swimming association, Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), was formed. Women's swimming was introduced into the Olympics in 1912; the first international swim meet for women outside the Olympics was the 1922 Women's Olympiad. Butterfly was developed in the 1930s and was at first a variant of breaststroke, until it was accepted as a separate style in 1952.
Artistic gymnastics
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, they competed together as one nation for the last time at the 1992 Summer Olympics as the Unified Team, winning the gold. Russia has maintained the tradition of gymnastics excellence, medaling at every Worlds and Olympic competition in both MAG and WAG disciplines, except in the 2008 Olympics, where the Russian women's team did not win any medals. Ukraine also has a strong team; Ukrainian Lilia Podkopayeva was the all-around champion at the 1996 Olympics. Belarus has maintained a strong men's team. Other former republics have been somewhat less successful.
In terms of medal results and overall domination, the Soviet legacy remains the strongest of all in artistic gymnastics.
World Gliding Championships
Gliding had been a demonstration sport at the 1936 Summer Olympics and was due to become an official Olympic sport in the Helsinki Games in 1940. However, since the Second World War, gliding has not featured in the Olympics, and so the World Championships are the highest level in the sport. There are now contests for six classes of glider and so in recent years the Championships have been divided between two locations. The women's, junior, grand prix and aerobatic events are also held separately.
Olga Korbut
While Korbut retired from gymnastics in 1977 at the age of 22, which was considered young for gymnasts of the period, Korbut's influence and legacy in gymnastics was far reaching. Korbut's 1972 Olympic performances are widely credited as redefining gymnastics, changing the sport from emphasising ballet and elegance to acrobatics and technique, as well as changing popular opinion of gymnastics from a niche sport to one of the most popular sports in the world.
British Gymnastics
It was founded in 1888 as the Amateur Gymnastics and Fencing Association. Gymnastics had been adopted in this country, having been invented in Germany by Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, to improve the health and fitness of its soldiers. The rings, pommel horse, parallel bars, and horizontal bar were developed by Jahn. In the late 1800s gymnastics became popular for men thanks to the Army Physical Training Corps which was formed in 1860. Walter Tysall won the men's silver medal in the 1908 Olympics. After this time the Swedish form of gymnastics became more popular, a more artistic version developed by Pehr Henrik Ling which was for men and women, and needed little apparatus.
Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic individual all-around
The men's individual all-around event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1932 Summer Olympics. It was one of eleven gymnastics events for men. It was the eighth appearance of the event, which was established in 1900. The competition was held from Monday, August 8, 1932, to Wednesday, August 10, 1932.
Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics
For the first time since 2008, a gala was held in gymnastics; it was held on 17 August 2016, following the completion of competition in the artistic disciplines. The exhibition event featured performances by artistic gymnasts who participated in Rio.
Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around
Due to 1984 Summer Olympics boycott, USSR women's national gymnastics team did not participate in the 1984 Olympics. The 1984 Olympics marked the first time that the USSR did not win the gold medal in Olympic women's team all-around competition, since the 1948 Summer Olympics. Romania won gold in this event for the first time in history.
List of gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics
This is a list of the gymnasts who represented their country at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from August 5–21, 2016. 319 gymnasts across all three disciplines (artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampoline) participated in the Games.Note: Reserve gymnasts/teams in numbered lists are ranked; reserves in unnumbered lists are unranked.Note: Each NOC may only name 5 gymnasts to the group competition.
Artistic gymnastics
Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines (ranging from approximately 30 to 90 seconds) on different apparatuses, with less time for vaulting. The sport is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), which designs the Code of Points and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations, such as Gymnastics Canada in Canada, British Gymnastics in the United Kingdom and USA Gymnastics in the United States. Artistic gymnastics is a popular spectator sport at the Summer Olympic Games and other competitions.
Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's vault
The men's vault was one of the eight gymnastics events on the Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The third event, it was held on 9 April. 15 athletes from five nations competed. The Germans captured the gold and bronze medals, while Zutter won the silver for Switzerland.
Adriana Dunavska
In 1984, rhythmic gymnastics officially became an Olympic sport . At the Olympics in Seoul, the Bulgarian Gymnasts competed against Soviet gymnasts – Marina Lobach and Olexandra Tymoshenko. Her teammate Bianka Panova dropped a club in the preliminary competition, which eventually kept her out of the medals. Dunavska performed very well. She won the silver medal in All-around competition behind soviet gymnast Marina Lobach. She is her country's only Individual Olympic medallist in rhythmic gymnastics.
List of Olympic female gymnasts for Italy
Gymnastics events have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1896. Italian female gymnasts have participated in every Summer Olympics since 1928, except for 1932, 1964, and 1980. A total of 52 female gymnasts have represented Italy. Italian women have won one medal at the Olympics – the 1928 team all-around silver. Monica Bergamelli, Vanessa Ferrari and Miranda Cicognani are the only Italian female gymnasts who have competed in at least three Olympics.
List of Olympic female gymnasts for Spain
Gymnastics events have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1896. Spanish female gymnasts have participated in every Summer Olympics since 1960, except for 1964 and 1968. A total of 48 female gymnasts have represented Spain. Spanish women have won one medal at the Olympics – the 2004 floor exercise bronze, which was won by Patricia Moreno.
Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's Indian clubs
The men's Indian clubs event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1932 Summer Olympics at Los Angeles. It was one of eleven gymnastics events for men and it was contested for the only time at the Olympics. The 1904 Summer Olympics saw a club swinging event. The competition was held on Tuesday, August 9, 1932.
Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's rings
The men's rings was one of eight gymnastics events on the Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The fifth event, it was held on 9 April. The Greeks won the gold and bronze medals, with Hermann Weingärtner winning his fifth medal. Places 1-3 and 5 are known, but 4 is not - any of the four athletes whose places are not known may have occupied the fourth position.
Age requirements in gymnastics
Prior to 1981, the minimum required age to compete in senior events sanctioned by the FIG (including the Olympic Games) was 14. The earliest champions in women's gymnastics tended to be in their 20s; most had studied ballet for years before entering the sport. Hungarian gymnast Ágnes Keleti won individual gold medals at the age of 35 at the 1956 Olympics. Larisa Latynina, the first great Soviet gymnast, won her first Olympic all-around medal at the age of 21, her second at 25 and her third at 29; she became the 1958 World Champion while pregnant with her daughter. Czech gymnast Věra Čáslavská, who followed Latynina to become a two-time Olympic all-around champion, was 22 before she started winning gold medals at the highest level of the sport, and won her final Olympic all-around title at the age of 26.
Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's rope climbing
The men's rope climbing was one of eight gymnastics events on the Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The final event in the gymnastics competition, rope climbing was held on 10 April. The rope was 14 metres long, suspended from a frame. Time and style were considered in placing the competitors who reached the top and distance climbed separating those who did not make it all the way up. Five competitors entered, with the two Greeks taking top honors by being the only two to complete the climb. The German Fritz Hofmann won the bronze medal, while the weightlifting champions Viggo Jensen and Launceston Elliot finished fourth and fifth.
Lavinia Gianoni
1928 was the first women's Olympic gymnastics event where 5 teams competed. Lavinia Gianoni was the oldest member of the Italian gymnastics team in 1928 at 17 years of age.
Artistic Gymnastics World Cup
The Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) hosted the first artistic gymnastics on an international scale in 1975. This genre of sport from then onwards was named as the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup, an original competition reserved for the current best gymnasts. It was composed of a single and unique event, bringing together very few gymnasts in all around competition and in apparatus finals. This initiative was taken in a particular context, since the world championships took place merely every four years. The world cup event held every year for artistic gymnastics was, however, upheld only until 1990.
Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team, free system
It was the first appearance of the event, which would only be held again at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The official name was Team Competition III – with free choice of movements and apparatus. For every nation one team was allowed to participate. One team had to consist of not less than 16 nor more than 40 members. The entry was closed on June 6, 1912. As all other gymnastics competitions the event took place in the Olympiastadion.
Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's pommel horse
The men's pommel horse event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1932 Summer Olympics. It was one of eleven gymnastics events for men and it was contested for the fifth time after 1896, 1904, 1924, and 1928. The competition was held on Thursday, August 11, 1932.
Gymnastics at the World Games
Gymnastics has been part of all World Games. Among the disciplines, there are rhythmic gymnastics, trampolining and tumbling as well as acrobatics and aerobics. Artistic gymnastics are not contested at the World Games because all of its disciplines have always been Olympic sports.
Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Qualification
This article describes the qualifying phase for gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Qualification will be based on the results of the three world gymnastics championships (rhythmic, artistic and trampoline) held in autumn 2015, and Olympic Test Events to be held in early 2016 at the HSBC Arena. In addition, the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique and the IOC Tripartite Commission for Gymnastics allocate places to ensure certain minimum levels of representation.
Sport of athletics
An athletics competition was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and it has been as one of the foremost competitions at the quadrennial multi-sport event ever since. Originally for men only, the 1928 Olympics saw the introduction of women's events in the athletics programme. Athletics is part of the Paralympic Games since the inaugural Games in 1960. Athletics has a very high-profile during major championships, especially the Olympics, but otherwise is less popular.
Perfect 10 (gymnastics)
Men's Artistic Gymnastics had been an Olympic sport since the beginning of the modern games. Women's gymnastics were introduced as a single (team) event in the 1928 games, but were not expanded until the 1952 games, when there were seven events. The International Federation of Gymnastics first drew up a code of points—for men—in 1949.
Wheel gymnastics
In 1936, this sport was shown at the Olympic Games in Berlin, but was not presented as an Olympic discipline.
Max Whitlock
On 12 July 2016, Whitlock was selected for Great Britain's 2016 Olympic gymnastic team. During the Games, he first won a bronze medal in the all-round gymnastics event, which is Great Britain's first medal in this Olympic event for 108 years. Days later he won the gold medals in the Men's Floor and Men's Pommel Horse events, becoming his country's most successful Olympic gymnast, and its first Olympic champion in gymnastics.
List of Olympic female gymnasts for the Soviet Union
Gymnastics events have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1896. Soviet female gymnasts participated in every Olympic Games from 1952 to 1988, except for 1984. A total of 41 female gymnasts represented the Soviet Union. Soviet women won 88 medals at the Olympics – 9 in team all-around, 2 in team portable apparatus, 18 in individual all-around, 15 in balance beam, 17 in floor exercise, 15 in vault, and 12 in uneven bars. The medals included 33 golds. The Soviet Union won the gold medal in team all-around in all nine Summer Olympics that they participated in.
International Golf Federation
Golf was first an Olympic sport at the 1904 Games in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, when the United States and Canada were the only two competing countries. The globalisation of the sport has meant that following a couple of failed attempts the sport was included in the 2016 Olympic Games and will be included at the 2020 Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee's executive board passing the inclusion by 63 votes to 27. IGF executive director Antony Scanlon told Olympic news outlet Around the Rings that top players such as Tiger Woods and Annika Sörenstam would show their commitment to golf's Olympic involvement by their participation in the Olympic events.
Gymnastics at the Pan American Games
Men's and Women's Artistic Gymnastics have been contested at the Pan American Games since the 1951 edition. In 1987, Rhythmic Gymnastics was introduced. In 2007, Trampoline was added to the program.
Yelena Davydova
In its 1991 publication, Objectif an 2000, the FIG have a section entitled "Some of the Gymnasts who contributed to the Major Developments". 18 female Artistic gymnasts are named of whom Davydova is one. On the IG website they feature "Legends of Gymnastics". 15 female Artistic gymnasts are profiled, one of whom is Davydova. In 1994 to commemorate the World Championships in Brisbane Australia the Australian government produced first day covers of several famous gymnasts including Davydova
In 1996 she was invited by the Atlanta organising committee to the Olympic Games where she met US President Bill Clinton.
In 2000 Elena was one of the gymnasts pictured in the International Gymnast's (IG) Millennium calendar.
On 11 May 2007 Elena was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame ( IGHOF) – regarded as the Nobel Prize for gymnastics – where special mention was made of her as a gymnastics innovator.
IGHOF website "Yelena Davydova cast a charm on audiences by weaving her flowing routines with cutting-edge difficulty. Davydova's capacity to dare some of the riskiest elements was matched by her exquisite presentation".
IGHOF video "One of the most original precise and elegant of all the legendary Soviet stars was Yelena Davydova. When she first entered the international scene it was clear she would make an impact with her clean execution and exquisite form ... In the 1978 Chunichi Cup in Japan her fluid style on balance beam was becoming a trademark ... In the 1980 Olympics Davydova scored no less than 9.8 on every event over the 3 days of competition to win the allaround gold medal".
Rhythmic gymnastics
Russia: After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia has been the dominant country in rhythmic gymnastics since the start of the late 1990s saw the rise of stars like Amina Zaripova, Yanina Batyrchina and Alina Kabaeva. Oxana Kostina became Russia's first World Champion as an independent country. In the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Yulia Barsukova became the first Russian to win the Olympic gold medal. Alina Kabaeva, who had won bronze in Sydney, went on to win gold in the 2004 Athens Olympics. Evgenia Kanaeva became the first individual rhythmic gymnast to win two gold medals in the Olympic Games at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2012 London Olympics. Margarita Mamun continued the streak of individual gold medalists at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics while the competition favorite 3-times World champion Yana Kudryavtseva took silver because of a drop in her clubs routine during the finals. Other notable gymnasts include Natalia Lipkovskaya, Irina Tchachina, Natalia Lavrova, Zarina Gizikova, Laysan Utiasheva, Vera Sessina, Olga Kapranova, Yelena Posevina, Anna Gavrilenko, Margarita Aliychuk, Olga Belova, Daria Shkurikhina, Anastasia Maksimova, Tatiana Gorbunova, Uliana Donskova, Yana Lukonina, Anastasia Nazarenko, Anastasia Bliznyuk, Ksenia Dudkina, Karolina Sevastyanova, Olga Ilina, Daria Kondakova, Daria Dmitrieva, Alexandra Merkulova, Daria Svatkovskaya, Yana Kudryavtseva, Maria Titova, Maria Tolkacheva, Aleksandra Soldatova, Dina Averina, Arina Averina, Irina Annenkova, Diana Borisova, Iuliia Bravikova, Anastasiia Tatareva, Eleonora Romanova, Daria Dubova, Vera Biryukova, Sofya Skomorokh, Alina Ermolova, Ekaterina Selezneva, Daria Pridannikova, Lala Kramarenko, and Polina Shmatko. The Russian Group has won five of the six Group exercises held in the Olympics since it was included in the Olympic Games back in 1996 Summer Olympics.
Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Four gymnastics events were held at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Including the display the competitions were held between July 6 and July 15, 1912. All events took place in the Olympiastadion.
Vlasta Děkanová
Additionally, as Dekanova led her team to its first two World Championship victories and coached her team to Olympic victory in 1948, she can be credited as playing a very crucial role in establishing the legacy of her country in the sport of women's gymnastics. At the 15 World and Olympic competitions held, from 1934 to 1970, they won team medals at all but 2 of those competitions.
Gymnastics at the 1906 Intercalated Games
At the 1906 Summer Olympics in Athens, four gymnastics events were contested, all for men only. Now called the "Intercalated Games", the 1906 Games are no longer considered as an official Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee.
Gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics
At the 1988 Summer Olympics, two different gymnastics disciplines were contested: artistic gymnastics and rhythmic gymnastics. The artistic gymnastics events were held at the Olympic Gymnastics Hall in Seoul from September 18 through 25th. The rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the same venue from September 28 through 30th.
Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics
At the 1896 Summer Olympics, eight gymnastics events, all for men, were contested in Panathinaiko Stadium. They were organized and prepared by the Sub-Committee for Wrestling and Gymnastics. Events took place on April 9th, April 10th, and April 11th 1896. There were 71 competitors from 9 nations (including 52 from Greece) that took part in gymnastics.
Timeline of women's sports
1928 – The 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands, included women's athletics and team gymnastics for the first time.
Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics
At the 1984 Summer Olympics, two different gymnastics disciplines were contested. In addition to the fourteen artistic gymnastics events contested, for the first time at the Olympics, a rhythmic gymnastics event was contested–the women's individual all-around. All of the gymnastics events were held at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles from July 29 through August 11. Several teams who had qualified to compete were absent as a result of the 1984 Summer Olympics boycott, including the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, and North Korea.
History of figure skating
Figure skating's Olympic debut came at the 1908 Summer Olympics—it was the first winter sport introduced to the Olympics. The competition included men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and special figures.
List of Olympic female gymnasts for Hungary
Gymnastics events have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1896. Hungarian female gymnasts have participated in every Summer Olympics since 1928, except for 1932 and 1984. A total of 50 female gymnasts have represented Hungary. Hungarian women have won 23 medals at the Olympics – 5 in team all-around, 2 in team portable apparatus, 2 in individual all-around, 2 in balance beam, 5 in floor exercise, 5 in uneven bars, and 2 in vault. The medals include 7 golds.
United States women's national gymnastics team
The US women won the team competition bronze medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Afterwards, they did not win another Summer Olympics or World Championships medal until the 1984 Olympic team won silver. During that competition, Mary Lou Retton also became the first American to win the individual all-around gold medal. The Americans started consistently winning Olympic and World team medals in the early 1990s with future Hall of Famers Shannon Miller and Dominique Dawes. The 1996 Olympic team, known as the Magnificent Seven, was the first American team to win Olympic gold. An iconic moment in the sport's history came late in the competition, when an injured Kerri Strug stuck a vault to secure the title. After 1996, the team regressed for several years as their stars took breaks from competing.
Gymnastics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's rings
The men's rings event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. It was one of nine gymnastics events and it was contested for the third time after 1896 and 1904. The competition was held on Saturday, July 19, 1924.
Gymnastics at the 1992 Summer Olympics
At the 1992 Summer Olympics, two different gymnastics were contested: artistic gymnastics and rhythmic gymnastics. The artistic gymnastics events were held at the Palau Sant Jordi from July 26 through August 2. The rhythmic gymnastics event were held at the Palau dels Esports de Barcelona from August 6 through 8th.
Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's vault
The men's vault or "long horse vaulting" event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1932 Summer Olympics. It was one of eleven gymnastics events for men and it was contested for the fifth time after 1896, 1904, 1924, and 1928. The competition was held on Wednesday, August 10, 1932.
Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics
At the 2008 Summer Olympics, three different gymnastics disciplines were contested: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampoline. The artistic gymnastics events were held at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium on August 9–19. The rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Beijing University of Technology Gymnasium on August 21–24. The trampoline events were also held at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium on August 16–19.
Gymnastics Australia
Gymnastics in Australia is thought to have originated in the early 20th century by eastern European immigrants. It wasn't until after World War I when Australia was in the Great Depression that people started turning to organisations like the YWCA for support. From these community-based groups, the sport started to flourish. Around the same time, gymnastics was included in the school curriculum at Geelong Grammar, Wesley College and Carey Grammar. Australians participated in the sport for the first time at an Olympic Games at the Melbourne Games in Melbourne.
Gymnastics
Gymnastics developed in ancient Greece, in Sparta and Athens, and was used as method to prepare men for warfare. In Sparta, among the activities introduced into the training program was the Agoge or exhibition gymnastics made up of gymnastic elements in the form of the Pyrrhic-a dance in a military style-performed for state dignitaries in the final year of a student's training. The maneuvers were performed naked except for the tools of war. Athens combined this more physical training with education of the mind. At the Palestra, a physical education training center, the discipline of educating the body and educating the mind were combined allowing for a form of gymnastics that was more aesthetic and individual and which left behind the form that focused on strictness, discipline, the emphasis on defeating records, and focus on strength.
Timeline of women's sports
1976 – Nadia Comăneci, at the time a 15-year-old Romanian gymnast, won three Olympic gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada, and was the first gymnast to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event.
List of Olympic female gymnasts for Canada
Gymnastics events have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1896. Canadian female gymnasts have participated in every Summer Olympics since 1956, except for 1980. A total of 51 female gymnasts have represented Canada. Canadian women have not won any medals at the Olympics. Teresa McDonnell is the only Canadian female gymnast who has competed in at least three Olympics.
Artistic gymnastics
In the 1970s, the average age of Olympic gymnasts began to decrease. While it was not unheard-of for teenagers to compete in the 1960s—Ludmilla Tourischeva was 16 at her first Olympics in 1968—younger female gymnasts slowly became the norm as the sport's difficulty increased. Smaller, lighter girls generally excelled in the more challenging acrobatic elements required by the redesigned Code of Points. The 58th Congress of the FIG—held in July 1980, just before the Olympics—decided to raise the minimum age for senior international competition from 14 to 15. The change, which came into effect two years later, did not eliminate the problem. By the time of the 1992 Summer Olympics, elite competitors consisted almost exclusively of "pixies"—underweight, prepubertal teenagers—and concerns were raised about athletes' welfare.
Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's rings
The men's rings was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second time the event was held at the Olympics.
Gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic individual all-around
The men's all-around was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event. The competition was held on Wednesday, August 25, 1920.
Artistic gymnastics
While isolated American gymnasts, including Kurt Thomas and Cathy Rigby, won medals in World Championship meets in the 1970s, the United States team was largely considered a "second power" until the mid- to late 1980s, when American gymnasts began medaling consistently in major, fully attended competitions. In 1984, the Olympic men's team won the gold. The team included Tim Daggett, Peter Vidmar, Mitch Gaylord, Bart Conner, Scott Johnson, Jim Hartung, and the team alternate Jim Mikus. Also in 1984, Mary Lou Retton became the first American Olympic all-around champion and won individual medals as well. In 1991, Kim Zmeskal became the first American world all-around champion. At the 1992 Olympics, the American women won their first team medal (bronze), as well as their highest all-around ranking, a silver medal by Shannon Miller, in a fully attended Games. In men's gymnastics, Trent Dimas was able to capture the gold medal on the horizontal bar. This was the second time that an American gymnast, male or female, won a gold medal in an Olympics held outside the United States. The U.S. women's team has become increasingly successful in the modern era, with the 1996 Olympic team victory of the Magnificent Seven in Atlanta, the 2003 Worlds team victory in Anaheim, California, and multiple-medal hauls in both WAG and MAG at the 2004 Olympics. At the 2012 Olympics and 2016 Olympics, the U.S. won the team gold. The United States has produced individual gymnasts such as Olympic all-around champions Carly Patterson (2004), Nastia Liukin (2008), Gabby Douglas (2012), and Simone Biles (2016), and world all-around champions Kim Zmeskal (1991), Shannon Miller (1993, 1994), Chellsie Memmel (2005), Shawn Johnson (2007), Bridget Sloan (2009), Jordyn Wieber (2011), Simone Biles (2013, 2014, 2015, 2018), and Morgan Hurd (2017). Of particular note is that at the 2005 World Championships in Melbourne, American women won the gold and silver the all-around and went 1–2 in every single event final except vault (in which they placed third). They continue to be one of the most dominant forces in the sport. The men's team has also matured, making the medal podium at both the 2004 and 2008 Olympics; they also made the podium at the 2003 and 2011 World Championships. Paul Hamm, the most successful U.S. male gymnast, became the first American to win the world all-around title in 2003. He followed this up by winning the gold medal at the 2004 Olympic Games. 2010 world all-around bronze medalist Jonathan Horton captured the silver medal on the horizontal bar at the 2008 Olympic Games, and Danell Leyva won the all-around bronze medal at the 2012 Olympic Games, as well as two silver medals (parallel bars and high bar) at the 2016 Olympics.
British Gymnastics
Women first competed at the Olympics in gymnastics at the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam, where the British women's team took the bronze – its best performance.
List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics
This is the complete list of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics. The sport was first included in 1978, was dropped for 1982 and 1986, and then returned for the Games in 1990. since when it has been held as part of every edition of the Games.
Age requirements in gymnastics
In response to the changing demands of the sport, at the 58th Congress of the FIG, held in July 1980 just before the Moscow Olympics, the minimum age was raised from 14 to 15. Under this rule, which went into effect in 1981, gymnasts were required to turn at least 15 years of age in the calendar year to compete in senior-level events. This age requirement remained in place until 1997, when it was raised one more year, from 15 to 16.
Noël Bas
Noël Bas (December 25, 1877 – July 3, 1960) was a French gymnast who competed in the early 20th century. He participated in Gymnastics at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the silver medal in the only gymnastic event to take place at the games, the combined exercises. Gustave Sandras won gold.
Trampoline gymnastics at the 1981 World Games
The trampoline gymnastics events of World Games I were held on July 29–30, 1981, at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California, in the United States. These were the first World Games, an international quadrennial multi-sport event, and were hosted by the city of Santa Clara. Athletes from the United States won 17 of the 23 trampoline medals awarded.
World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The Artistic Gymnastics World Championships are the world championships for artistic gymnastics governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). The first edition of the championship was held in 1903, exclusively for male gymnasts. Since the tenth edition of the tournament, in 1934, women's events are held together with men's events. As of 2017, over sixty different editions of the championships have been staged, and over forty different countries have earned medals in both men's and women's artistic gymnastics events. The most successful nation, both in gold medal results and total number of medals, is Soviet Union. China is the second most successful country in total medals earned, and Japan is the third most successful nation at the championships. Russia, Romania, and the United States are also usually among the most dominant nations, especially in women's artistic gymnastics events. Currently, the championship is held annually on non-Olympic years.
Artistic gymnastics
The FIG responded to this trend by raising the minimum age for international elite competition to 16 in 1997. This, combined with changes in the Code of Points and evolving popular opinion in the sport, led to the return of older gymnasts. While the average elite female gymnast is still in her middle to late teens and of below-average height and weight, it is also common to see gymnasts competing well into their 20s. At the 2004 Olympics, both the second-place American team and the third-place Russians were captained by women in their mid-20s; several other teams, including Australia, France, and Canada, included older gymnasts. At the 2008 Olympics, the silver medalist on vault, Oksana Chusovitina, was a 33-year-old mother. She received another silver medal on vault at the 2011 World Championships in Tokyo, when she was 36. At the age of 41, Chusovitina competed at her 7th consecutive Olympics at the 2016 Olympics, a world record for gymnastics.
List of Olympic medalists in baseball
Baseball is a sport formerly contested at the Summer Olympic Games. It was originally played as a demonstration sport in seven Olympics—1912, 1936, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1984, and 1988— more than for any other sport in Olympic history. These exhibitions featured a single game at the first five Olympic appearances and then a tournament format in 1984 and 1988. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) granted baseball official status on October 13, 1986, for the 1992 Summer Olympics. The sport was contested at each subsequent Games through 2008, after which the IOC removed it from the roster of Olympic sports.
Gymnastics all-around champions by age
In the 1970s, the average age of Olympic gymnastics competitors began to gradually decrease. While it was not unheard of for teenagers to compete in the 1960s — Ludmilla Tourischeva was sixteen at her first Olympics in 1968 — they slowly became the norm, as difficulty in gymnastics increased.
NB: "The "age at Olympics" is calculated from the first day of Olympics gymnastics competition, if available; or the date of the Olympics opening ceremonies."
Mitch Gaylord
In the 1984 Summer Olympic Games, Gaylord led the gold-medal-winning U.S. men's gymnastics team, becoming the first American gymnast to score a perfect 10.00 in the Olympics. He also won the silver medal in vault, the bronze in parallel bars and the bronze in the rings. In addition to his individual accolades, Gaylord led the US men's gymnastics team to a gold medal in the team competition for the first and only time in Olympics history. The moment was heralded as a significant upset over the teams from China and Japan. After the 1984 Olympics he and his fellow Olympic gymnasts went on a six-month promotional tour across the US, selling out arenas in about two dozen American cities. He also wrote his first book during this period, centering on using gymnastics exercises to train. He was also named by President Ronald Reagan as a member of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports in November 1985.
Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games
Gymnastics is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since 1978. It is an optional sport and may, or may not, be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games.
Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics
A total of 54 medals were awarded across the three disciplines. The most successful nation was China, winning five gold medals and 12 in total. Brazil and South Korea won their first gold medal in the discipline in the history of the Summer Olympic Games, at these games Yevgeniya Kanayeva of Russia marked history by becoming the first back-to-back Olympic champion at the individual all-around in rhythmic gymnastics.
Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Qualification
Qualification for gymnastics events at the 2012 Summer Olympics was based on the results of the three world gymnastics championships (rhythmic, artistic and trampoline) held in autumn 2011, and Olympic Test Events to be held in January 2012 at the North Greenwich Arena. In addition, the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique and the IOC Tripartite Commission for Gymnastics allocated places to ensure certain minimum levels of representation.
Gymnastics
Club Swinging a.k.a. Indian Clubs was an event in Men's Artistic Gymnastics sometimes up until the 1950s. It was similar to the clubs in both Women's and Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics but much simpler with few throws allowed. It was practice. It was competed in the 1904 and 1932 summer Olympic Games.
Gymnastics is one of the most dangerous sports, with a very high injury rate seen in girls age 11 to 18. Compared to athletes who play other sports, gymnasts are at higher than average risk of overuse injuries and injuries caused by early sports specialization among children and teenagers. Gymnasts are at particular risk of foot and wrist injuries.
Gymnastics at the Summer Olympics
Gymnastics events have been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. For 32 years, only men were allowed to compete. Beginning at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, women were allowed to compete in artistic gymnastics events as well. Rhythmic gymnastics events were introduced at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, and trampoline events were added at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics
No compulsory routines were performed in artistic gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Instead, all participating gymnasts, including those who were not part of a team, participated in a qualification round. The results of this competition determined which teams and individuals participated in the remaining competitions, which included:Andreea Raducan was the original winner of the Women's All-Around competition, but her gold medal was stripped when she tested positive for a banned substance contained in a cold medicine. The Federation Internationale de Gymnastique Executive Board announced on 27 February 2010 following an investigation into the Chinese team for violations of the minimum age for senior gymnastics competitions (must be 16). The FIG noted Dong Fangxiao was entered as 17 years old when she was actually 14. Her 1999 World Championships titles have been stripped. In April 2010, nearly ten years after the results, the IOC officially stripped China of its women's team medal. The now-third place team from the United States was awarded the Bronze at the 2010 national championships, held at the XL Center in Hartford, CT.
Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held in three categories: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining. All gymnastics events were staged at the Arena Olímpica do Rio from 6 to 21 August 2016.
Gymnastics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's sidehorse vault
The men's sidehorse vault event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. It was one of nine gymnastics events and it was contested for the first and up to now last time. The competition was held on Tuesday, July 22, 1924.
Figure skating at the Olympic Games
Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976, after appearing as a demonstration event at Grenoble 1968.
Artistic gymnastics at the Summer Olympics
Artistic gymnastics has been contested at the Summer Olympics since the first modern Olympic games in Athens. The Soviet Union leads the medal table.
NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships
The NCAA introduced women's gymnastics as a championship sport in 1982. Gymnastics was one of twelve women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981–82 school year, as the NCAA engaged in battle with the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women for sole governance of women's collegiate sports. The AIAW continued to conduct its established championship program in the same twelve (and other) sports; however, after a year of dual women's championships, the NCAA conquered the AIAW and usurped its authority and membership.
Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Three gymnastics disciplines were contested at the 2012 Olympic Games in London: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining. The trampoline events were held at the North Greenwich Arena (normally called The O2 Arena) from 3 to 4 August; the artistic events were also held at the North Greenwich Arena, from 28 July to 7 August. The rhythmic gymnastics events took place at Wembley Arena from 9 to 12 August.
1996 Summer Olympics
The 1996 Summer Olympic programme featured 271 events in 26 sports. Softball, beach volleyball and mountain biking debuted on the Olympic program, together with women's football and lightweight rowing.In women's gymnastics, Lilia Podkopayeva became the all-around Olympic champion. Podkopayeva also won a second gold medal in the floor exercise final and a silver on the beam – becoming the only female gymnast since Nadia Comăneci to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics. Kerri Strug of the United States women's gymnastics team vaulted with an injured ankle and landed on one foot. The US women's gymnastics team won its first gold medal. Shannon Miller of the United States won the gold medal on the balance beam event, the first time an American gymnast had won an individual gold medal in a non-boycotted Olympic games. The Spanish team won the first gold medal in the new competition of women's rhythmic group all-around. The team was formed by Estela Giménez, Marta Baldó, Nuria Cabanillas, Lorena Guréndez, Estíbaliz Martínez and Tania Lamarca.
Acrobatic gymnastics
In the United States, the first national sports acrobatics organization was called the United States Sports Acrobatics Federation (USSAF). Founded in 1975, its name was changed to the United States Sports Acrobatics (USSA) in the 1990s. The USSA then merged with USA Gymnastics in 2002, and Acrobatic Gymnastics is now a discipline therein.
Gymnastics at the World Games
This event was discontinued when trampolining was included in the program of the Olympic Games in 2000.
Doina Stăiculescu
The time Rhythmic Gymnastics was officially added as an Olympic Sport at the 1984 Olympic Games. The gymnasts from USSR and Bulgaria were considered the favored to win Rhythmic Gymnastics in Los Angeles but Eastern led Boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics put Stăiculescu the highest rank gymnast to compete in the Olympics, Canadian Lori Fung ( ranked 23rd ) at that time trained together with Stăiculescu who would eventually upset Stăiculescu for the gold medal. She won the silver medal in All-around at the Olympics. She is the only Romanian to win a medal in Rhythmic Gymnastics.
Gymnastics at the Mediterranean Games
Gymnastics is one of the sports at the quadrennial Mediterranean Games competition. It has been a sport in the program of the Mediterranean Games since its inception in 1951. Two disciplines have been contested: Men's and Women's Artistic Gymnastics (since 1951), and Rhythmic Gymnastics (since 2005), exclusively for women.
Gymnastics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Women's team
The women's team event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. It was the first Olympic gymnastics event for women, and was the only gymnastics event for women that year. Women's gymnastics would not return again until 1936. Total scores were determined by adding drill, apparatus, and vault components.
Women's sports
The modern Olympics had female competitors from 1900 onward, though women at first participated in considerably fewer events than men. Women first made their appearance in the Olympic Games in Paris in 1900. That year, 22 women competed in tennis, sailing, croquet, equestrian, and golf. As of the IOC-Congress in Paris 1914 a woman's medal had formally the same weight as a man's in the official medal table. This left the decisions about women's participation to the individual international sports federations. Concern over the physical strength and stamina of women led to the discouragement of female participation in more physically intensive sports, and in some cases led to less physically demanding female versions of male sports. Thus netball was developed out of basketball and softball out of baseball.
Major achievements in gymnastics by nation
For the making of the list, results from four major senior-level international competitions were consulted, as follows: 1) the different editions of the World Gymnastics Championships, organized by FIG for each of the gymnastics disciplines; 2) the FIG World Cup; 3) the Olympic Games; and 4) the World Games, in which gymnastics disciplines that are not yet part of the Olympic Games are contested. According to the 2018 Technical Regulations established by the FIG, as well as the statutes of the organization, these are all considered official FIG competitions. FIG also considers the defunct Four Continents Championships as an official competition, but since the tournament excluded nations from Europe, results have not been included. The Olympic Games, the World Championships, the FIG World Cup and the World Games are the only senior international competitions currently listed on individual profiles at the official FIG database, what indicates their high level of importance.