When was François Lay born?
François Lays
François Lay, better known under the stage name Lays (14 February 1758 – 30 March 1831), was a French baritone and tenor opera singer. Originally destined for a career in the church, Lays was recruited by the Paris Opéra in 1779. He soon became a leading member of the company, in spite of quarrels with the management. Lays enthusiastically welcomed the French Revolution and became involved in politics with the encouragement of his friend Bertrand Barère. Barère's downfall led to Lays being imprisoned briefly, but he soon won back the public and secured the patronage of Napoleon, at whose coronation and second wedding he sang. This association with the Emperor caused him trouble when the Bourbon monarchy was restored and Lays's final years were darkened by disputes over his pension, mounting debts, the death of his only son and his wife's illness. After a career spanning more than four decades, he died in poverty.
Charles Joseph Marty-Laveaux
Charles Joseph Marty-Laveaux (13 April 1823, Paris – 11 July 1899, Vitry-sur-Seine) was a French literary scholar. He is best known for his "La Pléiade Française", a long series of editions of the poets of La Pléiade. He also edited Corneille's works (1862–68).
Louis Ferdinand Alfred Maury
Louis Ferdinand Alfred Maury (March 23, 1817 – February 11, 1892), was a French scholar and physician, important because his ideas about the interpretation of dreams and the effect of external stimuli on dreams pre-dated those of Sigmund Freud. He is mentioned by Freud in "The Interpretation of Dreams", and by Sebastian Faulks in "Human Traces". He coined the term hypnagogic hallucination and reported a dream that famously inspired Salvador Dalí's painting "Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening". Alfred Maury was contemporary with Hervey de Saint Denys and the two dream researchers were in disagreement with each other (Blanken & Meijer, 1988).
François Lamy (theologian)
In 1676 he came to St-Germain-des-Prés near Paris where he taught theology until 1679. The general chapter of 1687 appointed him prior of Rebais in the Diocese of Meaux, but he was ordered by the king to resign his office in 1689. The remainder of his life he spent in literary pursuits at the Abbey of St-Denis near Paris, where he died.
François Louis Thomas Francia
Francia was born at Calais on 21 December 1772, and was taken early in life to London by his father, a refugee. 
He was for some time employed as an assistant of a drawing-master named Barrow, who was the master of John Varley. He showed a total of 85 works at the Royal Academy between 1795 and 1821 (inclusive).
He was one of the sketching society formed by Thomas Girtin about 1799, and there is drawing of a moonlit landscape in the Victoria and Albert Museum dated in May of that year.
François Leleux
François Leleux (born July 1971 in Croix, Nord) is a French oboist, conductor, and professor. His professional career began at 18 when he became principal oboe at the Paris Opera. He went on to win a solo position at the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and currently does some concerts with the Chamber Orchestra of Europe as well as putting out CDs. He is married to violinist Lisa Batiashvili.
Édouard Lalo
Édouard-Victoire-Antoine Lalo (27 January 182322 April 1892) was a French composer. Easily his most celebrated piece is his "Symphonie espagnole", which consists of five movements and is a popular work in the standard repertoire for violin and orchestra.
Louis Georges Gouy
Louis Georges Gouy (February 19, 1854 – January 27, 1926) was a French physicist. He is the namesake of the Gouy balance, the Gouy–Chapman electric double layer model (which is a relatively successful albeit limited model that describes the electrical double-layer which finds applications in vast areas of studies from physical chemistry to biophysics) and the Gouy phase.
Louis Antoine François de Marchangy
Louis Antoine François de Marchangy was born in Saint-Saulge, Nièvre, on 25 August 1782, son of a bailiff.
He excelled in classical studies, and won a scholarship from the department of Nièvre to study at the school of law of Paris. 
After qualifying as a lawyer, he joined the magistracy.
At the same time, he continued literary studies.
In 1808 he was appointed assistant judge at the Court of the First Instance of Paris.
In 1813 he published his first work, "la Gaule poétique", a two-volume study of the history of France in terms of its poetry, speeches and beaux-arts.
This book made his reputation. Six editions were published between 1813 and 1826.
François Hippolyte Lalaisse
François Hippolyte Lalaisse was born in Nancy in 1812 and died in Paris in 1884. He was a French painter and illustrator.
François Lamy (theologian)
Lamy was born at Montireau in the Department of Eure-et-Loir. While fighting a duel, he was saved from a fatal sword-thrust by a book of the Rule of St. Benedict which he carried in his pocket. Seeing the finger of God in this, he took the Benedictine habit at the monastery of St-Remi at Reims in 1658. Shortly after his elevation to the priesthood he was appointed subprior of St-Faron at Meaux, but a year later resigned this position.
Édouard Lalo
The aforementioned "Le roi d'Ys", an opera based on the Breton legend of Ys, is Lalo's most complex and ambitious creation. (This same legend inspired Claude Debussy to compose his famous piano piece, "La cathédrale engloutie".) For many years "Le Roi d'Ys" was considered unperformable, and it was not staged until 1888, when Lalo was 65 years old. Eight years earlier, he became a member of the Legion of Honour. He died in Paris in 1892, leaving several unfinished works, including his opera "La jacquerie", completed by Arthur Coquard. He was interred at the Père Lachaise Cemetery.
Francisco Laso
José Francisco Domingo Laso de la Vega y de los Ríos (8 May 1823, Tacna - 14 May 1869, San Mateo District) was a Peruvian painter and politician. During his lifetime he was mostly known for his portraits, but is now better known for creating works that were precursors to indigenismo in art.
François Lays
Lays was immediately enrolled in the company as one of the lower male voices (known in France at the time as basse-tailles) and began a rapid ascent up the Opéra career ladder. He was first introduced to the Parisian public on 10 October 1779, singing the aria "Sous les lois de l'hymen" by Pierre Montan Berton to great applause (it had been inserted into the "acte de ballet" "La Provençale" by Jean-Joseph Mouret and Pierre-Joseph Candeille). He made his official debut on the 31st of the same month, playing Théophile in a revival of "Théodore", the second entrée from Étienne-Joseph Floquet's "L'union de l'amour et des arts". Having stepped in as a substitute in the role of Oreste in Gluck's "Iphigénie en Tauride", in 1780 he was given the first new roles of his career: a follower of Morpheus in Piccinni's "Atys"; the male protagonist in the unsuccessful "acte de ballet" "Laure et Pétrarque" by Candeille; and the bailiff in Floquet's "Le seigneur bienfaisant", Lays's first big success. Between 1780 and 1791, he was a member of two of the main musical institutions at court, the Concerts de la reine (the Queen's concerts) and the King's Grand Couvert, soon becoming a favourite of the royal couple, and in particular of Marie Antoinette.
Stanislas Lami
Stanislas Lami (30 November 1858 – 31 January 1944) was a French sculptor and art historian.
François Blanchy
François Joseph Marie Antoine Blanchy, best known as François Blanchy (; 12 December 1886 – 2 October 1960) was a tennis player competing for France. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Carter Lay
Jessy Chapman Carter Lay (January 12, 1971 – September 3, 2015), was an American businessman, philanthropist and an heir to the Frito-Lay potato chip empire. The Frito-Lay empire is worth $13 billion, according to "Forbes". He avidly supported music education. Suffering from leukemia, he was found dead in his Los Angeles home the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office said. Officials believe no foul play was involved.
François Lamy (politician)
François Lamy (born 31 October 1959 in Brunoy) is a French politician who, until his appointment as Junior Minister for Urban Affairs at the newly created Ministry of Territorial Equality and Housing by President François Hollande on 16 May 2012, was a member of the National Assembly of France where he represented the 6th constituency of Essonne on behalf of the Socialist Party.
Francis Fahy
Francis Arthur Fahy (29 September 1854 – 1935) was an Irish nationalist, songwriter and poet. He is probably best remembered as the composer of the evergreen "The Ould Plaid Shawl". He collaborated with various composers, including Alicia Adélaide Needham, an associate of the Royal Academy of Music.
Jean-Maurice Lahy
Lahy, a Freemason and Communist with some links to the French Resistance, died of a suspected heart attack while preparing to flee the Gestapo. The exact circumstances of his death remained clouded for many years.
Young Lay
Lathan Williams (born 1975 in Vallejo, California), better known by his stage name Young Lay, is a San Francisco Bay Area-based gangsta rapper.
Jean-Pierre Latz
Jean-Pierre Latz (Paris, 4 August 1754 ) was one of the handful of truly outstanding cabinetmakers ("ébénistes") working in Paris in the mid-18th century. Like several of his peers in the French capital, he was of German origin. His furniture is in a fully developed rococo style, employing boldly sculptural gilt-bronze mounts complementing marquetry motifs of flowers and leafy sprays, in figured tropical veneers like tulipwood, "amarante", purpleheart and rosewood, often featuring the distinctive end-grain cuts. He also produced lacquered pieces, most famously the slant-front desk in the collection of Stavros Niarchos, Paris.
Russ Lay
Russell M. Lay (January 22, 1911 – September 27, 1965) was an American football player. He played college football for Michigan State College (later known as Michigan State University). He also played professional football in the National Football League during the 1934 season for the Cincinnati Reds (NFL), St. Louis Gunners, and Detroit Lions.
Maxime Lalanne
François Antoine Maxime Lalanne (November 27, 1827 – July 29, 1886) was a French artist known for his etchings and charcoal drawings (fusain). 
Maxime Lalanne was born in Bordeaux on November 27, 1827, to Anne (previously Anne Cecile Gellibert) and Antoine Lalanne. His father was a civil servant who rose to the position of clerk of the first chamber of the Court of Appeals.
Lionel Lamy
Lionel Lamy (29 December 1943 – 4 May 2018) was a French professional footballer who played as a defender and midfielder.
François Lays
It was on Barère's prompting that Lays decided to return to his native Gascony in 1793 as a propagandist for the new Reign of Terror. He was accompanied by his future wife, a young unemployed diamond-polisher named Marie Barbé. In Girondin Bordeaux, his political alignment with the Montagnards provoked such public hostility that he was forced to slip out of the city without even being able to complete his debut performance at the local theatre. Things went much better in his native region, the newly established département of Hautes-Pyrénées, where the Barère clan were politically dominant and where Lays received a hero's welcome. He returned to Paris in mid-July via Toulouse, thus avoiding the hostile Bordeaux. Back in the capital, he delivered a much applauded speech in front of the Commune of Paris.
Chauvigny
The composer Fernand Lamy (1881–1966) was born in Chauvigny.
François Lays
Lays's direct involvement in political life went little further than this, but, contrary to the claims of the brothers Michaud and Fétis, it was enough to cause him unpleasant repercussions when in 1794 the coup of 9 Thermidor and the downfall of Robespierre radically changed the political situation. Lays was branded a "Terrorist actor" alongside other leading performers with a Revolutionary past, such as Talma, Dugazon and Antoine Trial; and he was forced to try to defend himself by publishing a pamphlet entitled "Lays, artiste du théatre des Arts, à ses concitoyens". When a warrant was issued for the arrest of Barère and three of his colleagues from the Committee of Public Safety in March 1795, other associates were implicated in his downfall: Lays was arrested and imprisoned for about four months together with an old friend who had shared his political trajectory – although his role had been far more prominent – the painter Jacques-Louis David.
Claude-Auguste Lamy
Lamy was born in the commune of Ney in the department of Jura, France in 1820. He studied at the École Normale Supérieure, Paris. After he graduated from University in 1842 he became a teacher at Lille then at Limoges and again in Lille. In 1851 he received his Ph.D. In 1854 he became professor at the faculty of sciences of Lille (Université Lille Nord de France) and taught at École des arts industriels et des mines (École centrale de Lille). In 1866 he changed to the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures (École centrale de Paris). Lamy died in 1878.
François Cellier
François Arsène Cellier (14 December 1849–5 January 1914), often called Frank, was an English conductor and composer. He is known for his tenure as musical director and conductor of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company during the original runs and early revivals of the Savoy operas.
Lais of Marie de France
The "lais" of Marie de France are a series of twelve short narrative Breton lais by the poet Marie de France. They are written in the Anglo-Norman and were probably composed in the late 12th century. The short, narrative poems generally focus on glorifying the concept of courtly love by the adventures of their main characters. Marie's lais are thought to form the basis for what would eventually become the genre known as the Breton lais. Despite her stature in Anglo-Norman literature and medieval French literature generally, little is known of Marie herself, but it is thought that she was born in France and wrote in England.
Jean Lartéguy
Jean Lartéguy (5 September 1920 – 23 February 2011) was the nom de plume of Jean Pierre Lucien Osty, a French writer, journalist, and former soldier. He was born in 1920 in Maisons-Alfort, Val-de-Marne and died in 2011. Larteguy is credited with first envisioning the "ticking time bomb" scenario in his 1960 novel "Les centurions".
French ballet
Perhaps one of the most influential men on ballet during the seventeenth century was Jean Baptiste Lully. Lully was born in Italy, but moved to France where he quickly became a favorite of Louis XIV and performed alongside the king in many ballets until the king’s retirement from dance in 1670. He moved from dancer for the court ballets to a composer of such music used in the courts. By the time he was thirty, Lully was completely in charge of all the musical activities in the French courts. Lully was responsible for enlivening the rather slow stately dances of the court ballets. He decided to put female dancers on stage and was also director of the Académie Royale de Musique. This company's dance school still exists today as part of the Paris Opera Ballet. Since dancers appeared in the very first performances the Opera put on, the Paris Opera Ballet is considered the world’s oldest ballet company. When Lully died in 1687 from a gangrenous abscess on the foot which developed after he stuck himself with the long staff he used for conducting, France lost one of the most influential conductors and composers of the seventeenth century. However, Lully did not work alone. In fact, he often worked in collaboration with two other men that were equally influential to ballet and the French culture: Pierre Beauchamps and Molière.
Ernst Laas
Ernst Laas (June 16, 1837, Fürstenwalde, Brandenburg, Prussia – July 25, 1885, Straßburg, Germany (now Strasbourg, France)) was a German positivist philosopher.
Marion Lay
Through the 1960s and 1970s, Canada produced a remarkable number of world-class swimmers and Lay is notable for her contributions to that success. Despite a political squabble concerning her eligibility to compete for Canada, she reigned as Canadian 100m freestyle champion for four straight years from 1964 to 1967 and held the national record in the event for eight years, from 1964 to 1972. At the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, she finished fifth in 100m freestyle. Four years later in Mexico City she placed fourth in the event. Other notable results include gold medals in 110yd freestyle and 4x100yd freestyle relay, the latter in world record time, at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. At the 1967 Pan America Games, Lay won four silver medals.
History of New Mexico
In 1851 the Vatican appointed Jean-Baptiste Lamy (1814–1888), a French cleric, as bishop of the diocese of Sante Fe. There were only nine priests at first; Lamy brought in many more. In 1875 it was upgraded to the status of archdiocese, with supervision over Catholic affairs in New Mexico and Arizona. Lamy had St. Francis Cathedral built in a French style; the work was conducted between 1869 and 1886.
Jean-Louis Laya
Jean-Louis Laya (4 December 1761, Paris – 25 August 1833, Meudon) was a French playwright. He wrote his first comedy in collaboration with Gabriel-Marie Legouvé in 1785. The piece, however, though accepted by the Comédie française, was never represented. In 1789 he produced a plea for religious toleration in the form of a five-act tragedy in verse, "Jean Calas". In his next work, the injustice of the disgrace cast on a family by the crime of one of its members formed the theme of "Les Dangers de l'opinion" (1790).
Guillaume André Villoteau
The singer François Lays having refused to leave, he took his place in the Commission des sciences et des arts which accompanied the army of the East during the French campaign in Egypt and Syria by Bonaparte.
Gérard Lamy
Gérard Lamy (May 2, 1919 – October 26, 2016) was a Canadian Social Credit Party politician. He served as a Member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1962 to 1963.
Francis Kurkdjian
Francis Kurkdjian (born in Paris on May 14, 1969) is an Armenian contemporary perfumer and businessman. and winner of the Prix François Coty in 2001 for his lifetime achievement. He was made famous at age 26 for designing the scent of Le Male for Jean Paul Gaultier, one of the world best selling perfumes. This was followed by an additional forty creations for major perfume companies worldwide. Some of these creations include the Elie Saab Le Parfum (Elie Saab), My Burberry (Burberry), L'extase (Nina Ricci) and Narciso Rodriguez for her (Narciso Rodriguez). In 2009, he co-founded luxury fragrance house Maison Francis Kurkdjian with the Lebanese-French businessman and former Ernst & Young partner Marc Chaya, now a major global player in the luxury niche fragrance segment.
François-Raoul Larche
François-Raoul Larche (1860 Saint-André-de-Cubzac - 1912 Paris) was a French Art Nouveau sculptor whose work included several figures of Christ, but who may be better known for his numerous female figures, both nude and draped.
Jean-Louis Laya
It is by his "Ami des lois" (1793) that Laya is best remembered. This energetic protest against mob rule, with its scarcely veiled characterizations of Robespierre as Nomophage and of Marat as Duricrne, was an act of the highest courage, for the play was produced at the Théâtre Français (temporarily Théâtre de la Nation) only nineteen days before the execution of Louis XVI.
Phoumi Nosavan
Major General Phoumi Nosavan (27 January 1920 – 1985) was a military strongman who was prominent in the history of the Kingdom of Laos; at times, he dominated its political life to the point of being a virtual dictator. He was born in Savannakhet, the French Protectorate of Laos, on 27 January 1920. Originally a civil servant in the French colonial administration of Laos, during the last year of World War II he joined the resistance movement against the Japanese occupiers. Exiled from 1946 to early 1949 for his opposition to French return to colonizing Laos, he returned to his native soil to begin a military career in 1950 after the collapse of the anti-French Lao Issara government. By 1955, he was Chief of Staff of the brand-new Royal Lao Army. While in that position, he was largely responsible for appointing senior officers into command positions in the Military Regions of Laos. Following that, in 1957 he was the first Lao officer to be schooled in France at the "École de Guerre" (War College). While in France, he became acquainted with Central Intelligence Agency operative John F. "Jack" Hasey. Phoumi returned to Laos to become a founding member of the Committee for the Defence of National Interests on 17 June 1958. On 25 December 1959, he took control of the capital of Vientiane and of the nation in a bloodless coup.
Henri Lamy
Henri Lamy is a French figurative painter. Born in 1985, he started painting at an early age after developing a fascination for facial expressions and people who were considered as not fitting in society. His work is characterized by heavy usage of lively colors and highly creative composition, as well as inventive usage of the palette knife. He began his artistic career as a member of the artistic squat 59 Rivoli, an art residence located in Paris, France.His work has been exhibited in many cities around the world such as Tokyo, Geneva, Manila, and Hongkong.
Francis Xavier Leray
Leray was born in Châteaugiron, Ille-et-Vilaine, to René and Marie (née Roncin) Leray. He studied at the College of Rennes from 1833 until 1844, when he accepted an appeal for missionaries in Louisiana, United States. Following his arrival, he taught for several months at Spring Hill College in Mobile, Alabama, before entering St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore, Maryland, where he completed his theological studies. In 1852 he accompanied Bishop John J. Chanche to Natchez, Mississippi, where Leray was ordained to priesthood on March 19 of that year.
Francis Lai
Lai was born on 26 April 1932, in Nice, France, the son of market gardeners of Italian origin. From a very early age Lai was fascinated by music and he played first in his local regional orchestras. In Marseilles he discovered jazz and met Claude Goaty, a singer of popular songs in the 50s.
Bernard Lamy
Bernard Lamy (15 June 1640, in Le Mans, France–29 January 1715, in Rouen, France) was a French Oratorian, mathematician and theologian.
Francis Parker Yockey
Francis Parker Yockey (September 18, 1917 – June 16, 1960) was an American attorney, political philosopher, and polemicist best known for his neo-Spenglerian book Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics, published under the pen name Ulick Varange in 1948. This book, described in its introduction as a "sequel" to Spengler's "The Decline of the West", argues for a culture-based, totalitarian path for the preservation of Western culture.
Leon Duray
Leon Duray (April 30, 1894 Cleveland, Ohio - May 12, 1956 San Bernardino, California) was an American racecar driver active in the 1920s. Born George Stewart, and nicknamed "The Flying Frenchman," he legally changed his name in tribute to fellow driver Arthur Duray.
François Guay
François Guay (born June 8, 1968) is a former professional ice hockey centre.
François Le Levé
François Le Levé (1882-1945), was born in Locmiquélic, Morbihan. Militant anarcho-syndicalist. Le Levé was one of fifteen anarchists who signed The "Manifesto of the Sixteen", along with Peter Kropotkin, Jean Grave and others, favoring the Allies during World War I. (Overwhelmingly, anarchists refused to take sides, opposing the killing in favor of class war; see, for example, Errico Malatesta.)
Francisque Gay
Francisque Gay was born on 2 May 1885 in Roanne, Loire, son of a plumbing contractor.
He was educated by the Marists of Charlieu, then by the Lazarists of Lyon.
In 1903, when he was aged 18, Gay helped at the national congress of the Cercles d'études (Study Circles) in Lyon.
There he was impressed by the views of Marc Sangnier, founder of Le Sillon (The Furrow).
He went to Paris to visit Sangnier at his home on the boulevard Raspail and to offer his help with Le Sillon.
He was deeply influenced by Sangnier's views on Social Catholicism, and founded a branch of Le Sillon in Roanne.
He contributed to Le Sillon's journal, "Démocratie".
Frank Leahy
Francis William Leahy (August 27, 1908 – June 21, 1973) was an American football player, coach, college athletics administrator, and professional sports executive. He served as the head football coach at Boston College from 1939 to 1940 and at the University of Notre Dame from 1941 to 1943 and again from 1946 to 1953, compiling a career college football record of 107–13–9. His winning percentage of .864 is the second best in NCAA Division I football history, trailing only that of fellow Notre Dame Fighting Irish coach, Knute Rockne, for whom Leahy played from 1928 to 1930. Leahy played on two Notre Dame teams that won national championships, in 1929 and 1930, and coached four more, in 1943, 1946, 1947, and 1949. Leahy was also the athletic director at Notre Dame from 1947 until 1949 when he passed the role to the Fighting Irish basketball coach, Moose Krause, so that he could focus on football coaching. Leahy served as the general manager for the Los Angeles Chargers of the American Football League (AFL) during their inaugural season in 1960. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1970.
François Fournier de Pescay
François Fournier de Pescay was born in 1771 on a ship taking him to Bordeaux from the colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti). He was the son of François Pescay, a planter of Saint-Domingue and a free black woman, Adélaïde Rappau, the first person of color to have practiced medicine and surgery in Europe.
François Lays
Lays was famous for the beauty of his voice. One of the Opéra's most popular artistes, he enjoyed his greatest success singing comic roles, such as Anacreon in Grétry's "Anacréon chez Polycrate" (1797) and the bailiff in Lebrun's "Le rossignol" (1816).
Francis Lai
Francis Albert Lai (; 26 April 19327 November 2018) was a French composer, noted for his film scores. He won the 1970 Academy Award for Best Music, Original Score and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for the film "Love Story". The soundtrack album went to No. 2 in the "Billboard" album charts and the film's theme, "Where Do I Begin", was a hit single for Andy Williams.
François Marty
Gabriel Auguste François Marty (18 May 1904 – 16 February 1994) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Paris.
Pierre-Auguste Lamy
Pierre-Auguste Lamy (1 July 1827 in Paris –6 October 1883 in Paris), was a 19th-century French engraver, lithographer and watercolourist.
Jean Oury
Jean Oury (5 March 1924 – 15 May 2014) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He was the founder and director of the psychiatric hospital La Borde clinic at Cour-Cheverny, France where he worked until he died . He was a member of the Freudian School of Paris, founded by Jacques Lacan from inception until its dissolution.
Francis Xavier Leray
Francis Xavier Leray (April 20, 1825 – September 23, 1887) was a French-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Natchitoches (1877–1879) and Archbishop of New Orleans (1883–1887).
Layla Demay
Layla Demay (born 26 June 1971) is a French journalist, author and documentary film director. She is the co-author with Laure Watrin of the books series "Les Pintades". She is the co-host of the TV series "Les Pintades", aired as part of the TV show "Les Nouveaux Explorateurs", broadcast on Canal Plus.
Frank Laing
Frank Laing (born Francis James Laing; 1862 – 1907) was a Scottish painter and etcher most recognized for his watercolours and delicately crafted etchings of European landscapes and architectural subjects. Born in Tayport, Fife, Laing lived and worked throughout Europe, producing a portfolio of notable work from Spain, Paris, Chartres, Antwerp and Venice before returning to Scotland.
François Lamy
François Lamy may refer to:
Joseph Alfred Lamy
He was born in Mirecourt, Vosges, France, where he apprenticed from 1862 to 1868, and later worked from 1877 to 1885 for François Nicolas Voirin in Paris.
He started his apprenticeship in 1862 with Charles Claude Nicolas Husson. 
In 1868, he joined Gautrot's workshop in Château Thierry, where he met François Nicolas Voirin. 
In 1876, he came to Paris to work with François Nicolas Voirin, whose assistant he had become. 
In 1885, at the death of François Nicolas Voirin, he started his own workshop at 34 rue du Faubourg Poissonière.
His firstborn son Hippolyte Camille Lamy and nephew Alfred Lamy carried on the family tradition.
He branded his bows "A. LAMY A PARIS".
Benjamin Lay
Benjamin Lay (1682 – February 8, 1759) was an Anglo-American Quaker humanitarian and abolitionist. He is best known for his early and strident anti-slavery activities which would culminate in dramatic protests. He was also an author, farmer, and early vegetarian.
Jean de La Haye
Jean de La Haye (Paris, 20 March 1593 – Paris, 15 October 1661) was a French Franciscan preacher and Biblical scholar.
François Chalais
Born in Strasbourg in 1919, Chalais' real name was François-Charles Bauer. His journalism career began under the German occupation of France during World War II, as a writer for several collaborationist publications. Nevertheless, he was awarded the Médaille de la Résistance after the liberation and continued a lengthy and distinguished career, most notably with "France Soir" from 1976 to 1986 and "Le Figaro" from 1980 to 1987. Chalais was a regular fixture on French television during the Cannes festival, interviewing celebrities and movie stars, often with his first wife and cohost France Roche.
Étienne Lamy
Étienne Marie Victor Lamy (2 June 1845 – 9 January 1919) was a French author, born in Cize, Jura. He was educated at the College Stanislas and became a doctor of law in 1870. From 1871 to 1881 he was a deputy from his native department, Jura, and his earlier writings were political and historical. In the House of Deputies he was a member of the Left, but he broke with his party and became a clerical reactionary, writing for the "Gaulois" and the "Correspondant". In 1905 he became a member of the Académie française (seat #21), and in 1913 he succeeded Thureau-Dangin as its perpetual secretary. Among Lamy's works are:
François Lays
The following table contains a list of the roles created by François Lays in the course of his long career. The information is mostly taken from Spire Pitou in his book on the Paris Opéra cited in the bibliography.
François Leuret
François Leuret (29 December 1797 – 5 January 1851) was a French anatomist and psychiatrist who was a native of Nancy.
François Lanzi
François Lanzi (5 July 1916 – 13 November 1988) was a French-born artist who lived a large part of his adult life in the United Kingdom.
Françoise Hardy
Françoise Madeleine Hardy (; born 17 January 1944) is a French singer-songwriter. She made her musical debut in the early 1960s on Disques Vogue and found immediate success with her song "Tous les garçons et les filles". As a leading figure of the yé-yé movement, Hardy "found herself at the very forefront of the French music scene", and became "France's most exportable female singing star", recording in various languages, appearing in several movies, touring throughout Europe, and gaining admiration from musicians such as Bob Dylan, Miles Davis and Mick Jagger. With the aid of photographer Jean-Marie Périer, Hardy also began modelling, and soon became a popular fashion icon as well.
François Furet
François Furet (; 27 March 1927, Paris – 12 July 1997, Figeac) was a French historian, and president of the Saint-Simon Foundation, well known for his books on the French Revolution.
Ubaldo Lay
Born in Rome as Ubaldo Bussa, after graduating in law, Lay was admitted to the Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1939, from which he graduated with honors. He debuted on stage in 1945 and on films in 1946. Active on radio, in 1951 Lay moved to New York City where he hosted several radio programs for Italo-Americans audiences. Back in Italy, he resumed his radio and stage activities and debuted in television in 1956.
Françoise Cachin
Françoise Cachin (8 May 1936, Paris – 5 February 2011, Paris) was a French art historian and curator. She was the founding director of the Musée d’Orsay and the author of numerous books on 19th-century French painting.
Pierre Jean Launay
Pierre Jean Launay (December 27, 1900 – April 23, 1982) was a French writer. He was born in Carrouges in the Lower Normandy region. His novel "Léonie la bienheureuse" met with notable success, winning both the Prix Renaudot and the Prix des Deux Magots in 1938.
François Langlade
François de Langlade du Chayla (c. 1647 – 24 July 1702) was the French Catholic Abbé of Chaila (or Chayla), Archpriest of the Cevennes and Inspector of Missions of the Cevennes. His brutal repression of French (Protestant) Huguenots by means of torture caused his assassination and sparked the War of the Camisards.
Charles Lamy
Lamy was born in Lyon, France and died in Orléans in 1940.
François Clary
François Clary was born on 24 February 1725 in Saint-Ferréol, Marseille, Kingdom of France, to Joseph Clary (1693–1748) and his wife, Françoise Agnès Ammoric (1705–1776), who were married on 27 February 1724 in Marseille. His grandparents were Jacques Clary (1673–1696) and Catherine Barosse (1673–1757), who were married on 24 November 1690 in Marseille. His great grandparents were Antoine Clary and Marguerite Canolle. François Clary lived in Marseille and ran an import and export business. In trade with coffee and other colonial products he acquired great wealth. François Clary died on 20 January 1794 in Marseille, French Republic, aged 68.
List of works by François Rude
Famous above all for the iconic sculpture "La Marseillaise" on the Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile, François Rude was born in Dijon on 4 January 1781, the son of a coppersmith/locksmith. Apprenticed to his father, an injury made him unsuitable for forge-work, leading to his attending François Devosges's famous École de Dessin in Dijon where he was soon to show his artistic talent. He developed a relationship with Louis Frémiet, under whose patronage he began to study in 1805 with Pierre Cartellier in Paris at the studio of Edme Gaulle. By 1809 his work began to be noticed, winning him several awards. In 1815, having saved enough money, he left Paris for Rome, but due to political conditions, he ended up in Brussels once again living with the Frémiets. Whilst in Brussels he married Sophie Frémiet, an accomplished painter and they were to become a formidable force in the art world. In Brussels he executed his first bust of Louis David, gaining him much notice. They returned to Paris in 1827 where they remained until his death on 3 November 1855.
History of socialism
François Marie Charles Fourier (1772–1837) was a French utopian socialist and philosopher. Modern scholars credit Fourier with having originated the word "féminisme" in 1837. As early as 1808, he had argued in the "Theory of the Four Movements" that the extension of the liberty of women was the general principle of all social progress, though he disdained any attachment to a discourse of "equal rights". Fourier inspired the founding of the communist community called La Reunion near present-day Dallas, Texas as well as several other communities within the United States, such as the North American Phalanx in New Jersey and Community Place and five others in New York State. Fourierism manifested itself "in the middle of the 19th century (where) literally hundreds of communes (phalansteries) were founded on fourierist principles in France, N. America, Mexico, S. America, Algeria, Yugoslavia, "etc"".
Horatio Nelson Lay
Horatio Nelson Lay (23 January 1832 – 4 May 1898, Forest Hill, Kent, England) was a British diplomat, noted for his role in the ill-fated "Lay-Osborn Flotilla" during the Taiping Rebellion.
Ye Lay
Ye Lay (; born Ye Htun Min; on 11 January 1984) is a Burmese hip hop singer-songwriter, musician, actor and model. He is one of the stars of the Burmese entertainment industry.
Jean-Luc Lahaye
Jean-Luc Lahaye (born Jean-Luc Laheaye, 23 December 1952, Paris) is a French pop singer, former television host and occasional writer. He had his greatest success as a singer in the 1980s, with his songs "Femme que j'aime" and "Papa chanteur" (#1 hit in France). After more than ten years of absence, he resumed singing in 2004.
François Lamy (theologian)
François Lamy (1636 – 11 April 1711) was a French Benedictine ascetical and apologetic writer, of the Congregation of St-Maur.
Louis Faury
Louis Faury (21 July 1874 – 14 January 1947) was a French military commander. In the 1920s he acted as a chief of General Staff Academy in Poland. Well known to his Polish students under nickname "Papa Faury". He was made General Officer commanding the 3rd Division in 1936. From 23 August 1939 until 17 September 1939, he led the French military mission in Poland (till Soviet invasion of Poland).
François Peraldi
François Peraldi (May 2, 1938 – March 21, 1993) was a Canadian psychoanalyst and linguist. Peraldi introduced Jacques Lacan's clinical work into North America. He rejected the label Lacanian for himself and preferred to say he was engaged in "Lacanizing." Peraldi established a biweekly Peraldi Seminar for 15 years and established the Réseau des Cartels to help disseminate Lacan's and his group's ideas. He died of AIDS in 1993.
François Vincent Latil
François Vincent Mathieu Latil (born on 2 February 1796 in Aix-en-Provence - deceased on 4 March 1890 in Saint-Girons), was a French painter.
François Lays
Lays was born in the village of La Barthe-de-Neste in the region of Bigorre in what was then Gascony. His family intended him for a career in the Church at the Sanctuary of Notre-Dame-de-Garaison (Monléon-Magnoac), where he stayed until he was 17, receiving a solid musical education as a chorister and developing a remarkable baritenor voice. He was transferred to Auch for a short while to study philosophy and work as a teacher before returning to Garaison to study theology. In 1778, the canons of the convent gave Lays a grant to study for a doctorate in theology in Toulouse. Lays was now determined to abandon a career in the Church and became increasingly active as a singer, joining the cathedral choir and accepting invitations to perform at local salons. In Toulouse, Lays formed a lifelong friendship with the young lawyer Bertrand Barère, the future French Revolutionary politician and member of the Committee of Public Safety. Barère introduced Lays to the city's Enlightenment circles. On Easter Sunday 1779, Lays was singing the liturgy in the cathedral when he was heard by the Intendant Royal of Languedoc. Following the recruitment practice then used by Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opéra), the Intendant decided to issue Lays with a royal ordinance (equivalent to a "lettre de cachet") obliging him to travel to Paris for an audition.
Amédée-François Lamy
In 1893 Lamy participated in the Le Châtelier Mission (Middle Congo) where he was in charge of studying the project of a railway between Brazzaville and the coast, and also of making botanical, geological and geographical studies. Through Alfred Le Châtelier, Lamy later met Fernand Foureau, with whom he assembled the Foureau-Lamy Mission in 1898, charged, with another two expeditions, the Gentil and Voulet-Chanoine missions, to conquer Chad and unify all French dominions in West Africa.
Foureau and Lamy proceeded from Algiers through the Sahara, and met with the other two missions at Kousséri on 21 April 1900. The following day the united French forces confronted Rabih az-Zubayr, a Sudanese warlord who had created an empire in the Chad Basin. In the following battle, in which Lamy was in command with 700 riflemen, while the French reported a crushing victory, Lamy was killed, as was Rabih. In his honour, the first French governor, Émile Gentil, named the capital of the new French territory of Chad Fort-Lamy, which name it bore until it was renamed N'Djamena in 1973.
La Thorillière
François Le Noir, sieur de La Thorillière (c. 1626 – 27 July 1680) was a French comic actor, who was born and died in Paris.
François Lanzi
He was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on 5 July 1916, to Laurent Lanzi and Clementine Sartoni. He had one older sister Clara Lanzi, the social activist and two brothers, one of whom was the composer Leon Preger. Moving from Corsica to Paris as a child, he later studied under Professeur Guillot de Raffaillac. He joined the French army at the beginning of World War II but was soon captured by the Germans and interred in various prisoner of war camps in Ukraine (Rawa-Ruska (Рава-Руська), Tarnopol (Тернопіль) and Tremblowla (Теребовля) ) and (Germany) (divers). Despite escaping on a number of occasions he nevertheless spent almost 5 years as a prisoner, which undoubtedly affected the way he was to develop his painting. He was requested by one of the guards, who knew him to be an artist, to draw some pornographic pictures. According to his war memoirs, the guard was suitably impressed by their realism and in return gave him cigarettes and bread. After the war, he taught and exhibited in Paris. In 1954, he moved to London, where he married Nora Egremont-Lee (née Henderson). In London, he exhibited at the Redfern Gallery (1958), the RBA Gallery (1959,1960), the AIA gallery (1960,1961) and the Savage Gallery (1960,1961). He also had a solo exhibition at the Stone Gallery (Newcastle) in 1961. In addition to painting, he also worked for several years for the framemakers and carvers, Robert Savage Ltd., where a number of well-known artists had also worked. After Savage closed his business in 1971 François Lanzi moved to Chiddingfold in Surrey until his death. Although he had lived in England many years (thirty-four in total at his death), his command of the English language was always very limited and he became somewhat withdrawn from the society around him. During his period in Chiddingfold, François Lanzi was re-discovered by the critic and gallery owner, Michael Budd. His paintings were exhibited in The Gallery (Knaphill) for a number of years. François Lanzi died in Guildford, Surrey on 13 November 1988. His marriage to Nora was childless, and she died on 3 June 2002.
Bernard Faÿ
Bernard Faÿ (; 3 April 1893, Paris – 31 December 1978, Tours) was a French historian of Franco-American relations, an anti-Masonic polemicist who believed in a worldwide Jewish-Freemason conspiracy, and, during World War II, a Vichy official.
François Lays
The number of 68 characters listed by Pitou is incomplete. In fact, the roles Lays created amount to at least 73 (cf next section). Moreover, this obviously does not include the roles Lays did not create directly (including those already mentioned, such as Thésée in Sacchini's "Œdipe à Colone", Oreste in "Iphigénie en Tauride" and Cynire in "Echo et Narcisse", both by Gluck, as well as Patrocle in the same composer's "Iphigénie en Aulide" and Figaro in "Le Mariage de Figaro" by Mozart). Lays's contribution to the Opéra repertoire, which lasted over forty years, was astonishing, and the long duration of the singer's career and the good vocal form he maintained to the last suggest that Fétis's adverse judgement on his technical skills should be accepted only with caution.
Jacques Lacan
Jacques Marie Émile Lacan (; ; 13 April 1901 – 9 September 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist who has been called "the most controversial psycho-analyst since Freud". Giving yearly seminars in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced many leading French intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially those associated with post-structuralism. His ideas had a significant impact on post-structuralism, critical theory, linguistics, 20th-century French philosophy, film theory, and clinical psychoanalysis.
François Lays
A long-time Freemason and an avid reader of Rousseau, after the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 Lays joined the Jacobin Club under the patronage of his old friend Barère. Lays was a passionate believer in the ideals of the Revolution, promoting them among the members of the Opéra company, which had been renamed Théatre des Arts. This was not enough, however, to prevent his arrest in 1792 as a suspected royalist, on the grounds that he had been a leading singer in the Queen's concerts and the Grand Couvert. Only the timely intervention of Barère secured his release after a single night in prison.
George W. Lay
George Washington Lay (July 26, 1798 – October 21, 1860) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Patti Layne
Patti Layne (born Patti Dawn Fedrau on January 31, 1956) is a Canadian singer/songwriter/recording artist. Patti Layne had a recording career in France from 1982–1991 and started recording again in 2009. Her first release in 1982, 'Une espèce de Canadienne' (Pathé/Campagne/Pathé-Marconi) written by Didier Barbelivien for her, was a moderate success. It was followed by an album (with songs written by Didier Barbelivien, and Pierre Delanoë, and others). Several singles followed over the next few years.
John Louis Lay
John Louis Lay (January 14, 1833 - April 17, 1899) was an American inventor, and a pioneer of the torpedo.
Pierre Lalo
Pierre Lalo (6 September 1866– 9 June 1943) was a French music critic and translator. He was the son of the composer Edouard Lalo. His reviews for the Parisian paper "Le Temps" combined conservatism and wit; among his principal targets was the composer Maurice Ravel, whose music Lalo disparaged throughout his career. In addition to his journalistic work Lalo served on the governing boards of the Paris Conservatoire and the national radio station Radiodiffusion.
François Lays
New political developments did not bode well for Lays. Charles X, who had come to the throne in 1824, named the ultra-royalist as Director General of the Fine Arts. La Rochefoucauld had an aversion to Lays both as an inveterate supporter of the Revolution, and, in particular, for the ironic remarks the singer had made about his morality campaign, which included lengthening ballerinas' skirts and providing ancient statues with fig leaves. In 1826, La Rochefoucauld had the opportunity to demonstrate his dislike when Lays, realising that life in Paris was beyond his financial means, decided to leave his post as professor and retire to the provinces to be near his married eldest daughter. According to Quéruel. Lays, probably wanting to end his career of more than 40 years on a high note, sent the minister a petition signed by almost all the stars of the Opéra and backed by Cherubini, asking for another benefit concert, in addition to the one three years earlier, this time in aid of his son who was working as a "saute-ruisseau"' at a notary’s and whose legal studies Lays could not afford to maintain. Inevitably the request fell on deaf ears. Lays also asked for his pension to be recalculated, bearing in mind his years teaching at the conservatory. But this led to disputes to which the correspondence between Cherubini and La Rochefoucauld bears explicit testimony. In October, the former wrote:I have the honour to inform you that Monsieur Lays has retired and is asking for his pension. There is no doubt that he has a right to such recompense. There is no need to tell you of the talent of this famous artist, whose career has been long and fruitful. His reputation, which has endured for half a century, makes all such talk superfluous. In the interests of the professor, I must add that it is the meagreness of his fortune more than his age which has forced him to ask for his pension. No longer able to live in the capital in the manner to which he is accustomed, his intention is to retire to somewhere in the provinces where he and his family will be able to live more comfortably.
A week later, having received no reply, Cherubini tried again:
Permit me to bring to your attention the services he has rendered to musical and dramatic art, and the regrettable situation in which he finds himself after such long services as well as having to provide for a large family.
No response having come from the administration, Quéruel claims that Cherubini made the courageous decision to use his discretionary powers and take personal responsibility for authorising a special performance whose takings would be divided equally between the Académie and Lays. Even if it is unclear what right the director of the École royale de musique et de déclamation had to make such a decision, the performance did in fact take place at the Opéra on 20 November 1826. The programme consisted of Boieldieu's opéra comique "Le calife de Bagdad"; the second act of "Anacréon chez Polycrate", in which Lays played his most famous role for the last time; and the four-act pantomime-ballet "Mars et Vénus, ou Les filets de Vulcain" with music by Jean Schneitzhöffer. However, the evening's takings of between 6,000 and 7,000 francs were markedly inferior to those Lays's presence on stage would once have guaranteed.