Who was the judge in the case of Vallejos and Domingo v. Commissioner of Registration?
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
Throughout the rest of October and November, Lam heard arguments and delivered judgments in two further FDH residence cases, namely "Irene R. Domingo and Daniel L. Domingo v. Commissioner of Registration" (HCAL 127 and 128/2010) and "Josephine B. Gutierrez and Joseph James Gutierrez v. Commissioner of Registration" (HCAL 136 and 137/2010). Among those applicants, only Daniel Domingo was found to have satisfied the "ordinary residence" requirement entitling him to apply for permanent residence; Lam found that Domingo's wife Irene's period of ordinary residence was interrupted by a period of overstay in which she remained in Hong Kong without the authority of the Director of Immigration. He separately ruled that Josephine Gutierrez had not taken positive steps to establish Hong Kong as her only place of permanent residence, meaning that she and her son Joseph James were not entitled to apply for permanent residence either.
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
Justice Johnson Lam Man-hon of the CFI had been expected to rule on the case on 29 September 2011. However, the Hong Kong Observatory raised tropical cyclone warning signal No. 8 due to the approach of Typhoon Nesat early that morning, meaning that government offices closed for the day. The next morning, the weather had returned to normal, and Lam announced his ruling that the relevant provision of the Immigration Ordinance was inconsistent with the Basic Law. Vallejos herself did not attend court that day, as she was at work.
Susana Barreiros
On 1 March 2003, she entered the roster of the Judicial Branch. On 12 August 2010, the Judicial Commission designated Barreiros as the substitute of Judge María Lourdes Afiuni, imprisoned after delivering an independent sentence in favor of indicted businessman Eligio Cedeño, ending in charge of the First Instance of the Criminal Judicial Circuit of the Metropolitan Area of Caracas. In 2012, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice names her as antiterrorist judge along with lawyer Alí Fabricio Paredes. However, her partner is dismissed after sentencing in favor of drug trafficker Walid Makled. On 6 May 2015, she graduated as magister in criminal law from the Universidad Santa María. On 10 July 2015, she was included as alternate judge to cover vacant positions due to rest permissions, vacations, inhibitions and recusations of the Court of Appeals of the Criminal Judicial Circuit of the Judicial Circumscription of the Metropolitan Area of Caracas.
José María Romero de Tejada
José María Romero de Tejada Gómez (15 August 1948 – 27 November 2017), was a Spanish conservative jurist who was the Attorney General of Catalonia from 2013 until his death in 2017.
Francisco Domenech
In early 2013, the Puerto Rico Supreme Court in "Domenech Fernández v. Integration Corporate Services, et al" ruled unanimously in his favor in a case arising from a shareholders' dispute within the firm for which he had previously worked. In the Supreme Court's Opinion, in which the Court for the first time interprets Puerto Rico's 2009 Corporations Law, it ruled that whenever fraud or irregularities are alleged in the keeping of a corporation's records, as Domenech alleged, evidence extraneous to the corporate records will be admitted.
Samuel Martires
Samuel Reyes Martires (born January 2, 1949) is a Filipino lawyer and a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. President Rodrigo Duterte appointed him on March 2, 2017. Prior to his appointment, he had served as Associate Justice of Sandiganbayan from 2005 to 2017. On May 11, 2018, Samuel Martires was one of the eight justices who voted in favor of the "quo warranto" petition filed by Solicitor General Jose Calida against then-Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno.
Andrés Domingo y Morales del Castillo
He was the son of Andrés Domingo y Romero and Antonia Morales del Castillo y Durive. He graduated from the University of Havana School of Law. He served as Judge and later Senator in 1944 and 1948.
Jesús Vallejo
On 23 August 2014, before even having appeared for the B-side, Vallejo made his professional debut, starting in a 0–0 draw at Recreativo de Huelva for the Segunda División championship. On 26 December, he further extended his contract until 2019.
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
Vallejos and Domingo v. Commissioner of Registration was a court case against the government of Hong Kong by two foreign domestic helpers (FDHs) seeking permanent residence and the right of abode in Hong Kong. Because of its subject matter it was commonly referred to in the media as the FDHs' right of abode case (外傭居港權案). Evangeline Vallejos and Daniel Domingo were two of five applicants who in various groups filed three right of abode lawsuits in 2010; the ruling in Vallejos' case was expected to be a precedent for the other two.
Jose Victor Toledo
Jose Victor Toledo (August 14, 1931 – February 3, 1980) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico.
Jorge Antonio Solis
Jorge Antonio Solis (born 1951) is a former United States District Judge and former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas.
Roberto de Figueiredo Caldas
Roberto de Figueiredo Caldas (Aracaju - Brazil, born July 29, 1962) is a judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (mandate from 2013 to 2018). He is also an attorney, partner and chairman of the Legal-Administrative Board of the Law Office "Alino & Roberto e Advogados".
"Ad hoc" Judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in Brazilian proceedings since 
2007: Escher, Garibaldi, and Gomes Lund or "Guerrilha do Araguaia". Member of the National Legal and Labour Amendment Commission of the Brazilian Ministry of Labour and Employment - MTE (2003 - currently). Member of the Public Ethics Commission of the Presidency of the Brazilian Republic Office (2006-2012). Councilman of the Council on Public Transparency and Corruption Combat – Office of the Comptroller General of Brazil - CGU / Office of the Presidency of the Brazilian Republic (2007 - 2012). Within the Brazilian Bar Association - OAB, Roberto was councilman of the National Social Rights Commission (2007 - 2010), General Coordinator of the Coordinating Committee on Combating Slave Labour (2010-2013) and of the Subcommittee on Combating Slave Labour of the National Committee on Human Rights (2004 - 2006), Chairman and Co-founder of the Committee on Slave Labour Combat (2002 - 2004) and was a member of the Commission for Legal Education and the Special Commission of the Attorneys Caucus, Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. Served as vice chairman, member, and co-founder of the National Social Rights Commission of the Brazilian Bar Association (1999 - 2004). National Secretary-General of the National Commission for Defense of the Republic and Democracy of the Brazilian National Bar Association (2010 - 2013) and the Brazilian Bar Association’s Representative before the Superior Court of Labour (2002 - 2004). Member of the Joint Commission of the Brazilian Bar Association (OAB) and of the Brazilian Association of Magistrates on the Brazilian Judiciary Amendment, generating a substantial portion of Constitutional Amendment n. 45/2004. Participated on the National Commission on the Elimination of Slave Labour (CONATRAE) of the Secretariat for Human Rights / Office of the Presidency of the Brazilian Republic (2003 - 2007 and 2010 - 2013) and of the Working Group on Labour and Union Amendment of the Economic and Social Development Council / Office of the Presidency of the Republic (2003 - 2004). Vice chairman Federal District of the Brazilian Association of Labour Attorneys – ABRAT (2002 - 2004). Roberto was councilman of the Federal District Brazilian Bar Association Section, in which he was the founder and the very first Chairman of the Commission on Social Rights (2001 - 2003).
Aida Delgado-Colon
She is only the second female on the bench in the District of Puerto Rico, after pioneering District Judge and former Chief Judge Carmen Consuelo Vargas, who has served for nearly three decades. In 2011, she also became the second female Chief Judge in the District of Puerto Rico, succeeding Judge José A. Fusté, she served in that capacity until April 13, 2018, being succeeded by Gustavo Gelpí.
Leonardo Nemer Caldeira Brant
Leonardo Nemer Caldeira Brant (born 15 July 1966) is a Brazilian jurist and International law scholar. He is also a professor at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and the founder of the International Law Center (CEDIN), in Belo Horizonte. Brant is one of the nominees for the International Criminal Court judges election, 2014.
Brant graduated from the UFMG School of Law in 1991. In the same year he obtained a diploma of advanced studies in Humam Rights at the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights. In 1993 he obtained a master's degree in International law at UFMG with the thesis “The Right to Development as a Human Right". In 1993, Brant was qualified in advanced Studies in International Law, at The Hague Academy of International Law (HAIL). In 1996 and 1997, he obtained diplomas of Advanced Studies in Human Rights at the Institut International des Droits de L’Homme and Advanced Studies in United Nations Reforms at the United Nations Study Programme respectively.
Glidden Co. v. Zdanok
Glidden Co. v. Zdanok (consolidated with Lurk v. United States), 370 U.S. 530 (1962), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that judges of the Court of Claims and the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals were judges created under Article III of the Constitution (also known as "Article III judges"). As such, it was permissible for the Chief Justice of the United States under 28 U.S.C. § 293(a) to designate judges from the Court of Claims and the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals to serve on district courts and courts of appeals.
Salvador E. Casellas
Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Casellas received a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service from Georgetown University in 1957, a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Puerto Rico Law School in 1960, and a Master of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1961. Served in the United States Army as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Army Armor Branch from 1961 to 1963, and remained in the United States Army Reserve in the Judge Advocate General's Corps from 1963 to 1967. He was in private practice in San Juan from 1962 to 1972. He served as Secretary of the Treasury for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 1973 to 1976, thereafter returning to private practice in San Juan from 1977 to 1994.
Emilio del Toro Cuebas
Emilio del Toro Cuebas (June 4, 1876 in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico – November 10, 1955 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico from 1909 until 1922.
Olga Sánchez Cordero
Born in Mexico City, Sánchez Cordero studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Sánchez Cordero was the first female notary public in Mexico City. She was appointed "Minister" (Associate Justice) of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (SCJN) by Ernesto Zedillo and confirmed by the Senate on 26 January 1995. She was the ninth woman to hold a seat on the SCJN. She left on 30 November 2015.
Virginia Vallejo
Virginia Vallejo García (born 26 August 1949) is a Colombian author, journalist, television director, anchorwoman, media personality, socialite, and political asylee in the United States of America. On July 18, 2006, the DEA took her out of Colombia in a special flight to save her life and cooperate with the Department of Justice in high-profile cases, after she had publicly accused several Colombian presidents and politicians of being beneficiaries and accomplices of the leading cocaine cartels.
Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo
Don Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (4 July 1807 – 18 January 1890) was a Californio general, statesman, and public figure. He was born a subject of Spain, performed his military duties as an officer of the Republic of Mexico, and shaped the transition of Alta California from a territory of Mexico to the U. S. state of California. He served in the first session of the California State Senate. The city of Vallejo, California is named for him, and the nearby city of Benicia is named for his wife (née Francisca Benicia Carrillo).
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
After the hearing opened, government counsel David Pannick stated in response to a question from Justice Johnson Lam that the government had no intention of seeking an interpretation before Lam had issued his decision, but reserved the possibility of doing so afterwards. In late September, the DAB renewed calls for the Hong Kong government to consider seeking an interpretation. There were further calls for an interpretation after the government's loss in the CFI. The New People's Party, headed by former Security for Secretary Regina Ip, also joined the calls for the government to seek interpretation. By 4 October, Ip and her two deputy party heads Michael Tien and Louis Shih had organised the gathering of 3,227 signatures in support of interpretation, which they presented to Ambrose Lee at a meeting with him; however, Lee stated that the government had no intention of seeking an interpretation in the short term. Basic Law Committee member Lau Nai-keung also wrote an editorial in the "China Daily" stating that the government should have made an application for interpretation prior to the ruling, and should definitely make one before the case goes to the Court of Final Appeal (CFA). However, after Lam declined to issue a stay of execution of his earlier judgment in late October, Alan Leong spoke out again against calls for a NPCSC interpretation, stating that Lam's ruling showed that the courts had recognised the Immigration Department's rights as "gatekeepers" and that there was no need for an interpretation.
Joaquín Vallejo Arbeláez
Joaquín Vallejo Arbeláez (2 October 1912 — 31 December 2005) was a Colombian civil engineer, businessman and writer who served as 12th Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations, and held various ministries during the Military Junta and the National Front in Colombia. As Colombian Minister of Foment in 1957 during the administration of General Gabriel París Gordillo, he helped design and implement the mechanism that would eventually become known as the "Vallejo Plan", a business plan that would allow Colombian companies to import raw materials, specialized equipment, and industrial machinery with duty-free exemptions or lowered tariffs, if those materials and/or equipment would go towards producing marketable exporting goods, as an incentive to industrialize the national economy and open up to international markets.
Carmen Consuelo Cerezo
On May 14, 1980, President Jimmy Carter nominated Cerezo to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico created by 92 Stat. 1629. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 26, 1980, and received her commission on June 30, 1980. Cerezo is the first Latina to serve on a federal bench, and the first female federal judge in Puerto Rico. She served as Chief Judge from 1993 to 1999.
Tim Coco
On June 2, 2010, Oliveira stepped onto U.S. soil. At about the same time, Francis L. Cramer—the immigration judge that first refused to recognize the Coco-Oliveira marriage—retired. According to a July 28, 2008 U.S. Department of Justice report, “An Investigation of Allegations of Politicized Hiring by Monica Goodling and Other Staff in the Office of the Attorney General,” confirmed Cramer was an illegal appointment, lacked basic immigration experience and apparently passed the DOJ’s anti gay litmus test which favored immigration judges who espoused conservative priorities.
Lucien Shaw
In November 1902, Shaw was elected after a nomination by the Republican Party to fill an open seat as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California. At the same time, Frank M. Angellotti was elected on the Republican ticket. In November 1914, Shaw was re-elected to another 12-year term. In January 1915, Angellotti became Chief Justice, serving six years until resigning to resume private practice in November 1921. To fill the position, Governor William Stephens appointed Shaw as Chief Justice, and he was sworn in on November 15, 1921. He held the seat until expiration of his term in January 1923, when he stepped down. Shaw was an expert in water law, and his notable cases include "Palmer v. The Railroad Commission" (1914), "Duckworth v. Watsonville Water Company" (1915), and "Katz v. Walkinshaw" (1903), concerning the rights of common users of acquifers.
Antonio Bermejo
Antonio Bermejo (Chivilcoy, February 2, 1853 - Buenos Aires, October 19, 1929) was an Argentine judge, lawyer and politician. He was a lawyer, judge and Argentinian politician, Supreme Court of Argentina judge between 1903 and 1905, and president of the Court from 1905 to his death.
Carlos Rosenkrantz
Carlos Fernando Rosenkrantz (born 27 October 1958) is an Argentine lawyer. He serves as member of the Supreme Court of Argentina since August 2016, designated by president Mauricio Macri's and the Senate’s approval. Since October 2018 he is the Chief Justice of the Argentina. He was the rector of the University of San Andrés.
Alejo Peyret
Over the course of thirteen years Peyret served as administrator, director, justice of the peace, commissioner, president of the municipality of San José and officer of the first civil registry, which was created in 1873 in Colón to settle disputes between brides belonging to different religions. Beginning in 1865 he was a member of the Public Works Commission of Colón, whose function was to oversee the construction of the church, collecting funds and reporting to the government on their investment. Peyret resigned from the commission on December 31, 1872. When President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento made a visit to Colón and San José on February 6, 1870, it fell to Peyret, as chief of the "party committee", to arrange the official welcome.
César Vallejo
In the work, "Vallejo en los infiernos", the author, a practicing lawyer, Eduardo González Viaña revealed key pieces of judicial documentation against the poet and showed deliberate fabrications by the judge and his enemies to imprison him. It indicted the victims but excluded prosecution to those criminally involved. They invented testimonies and attributed them to people who subsequently declared that they had never been to Santiago de Chuco, the place of the crime. Finally, the material author was escorted to Trujillo to testify before the Supreme Court. However, on the long journey, the gendarmes, French police officers, that guarded him, shot and killed him under the pretext that he had attempted to escape. Moreover, the author has investigated the other actions of the judge ad hoc. In truth, he was a lawyer for the large reed business "Casagrande" and of the "Quiruvilca" mine where the employees operated without a schedule and were victims of horrific working conditions. All of this highlights the political character of the criminal proceedings. With Vallejo it had tried to mock his generation, university students that attempted to rise up against the injustice and embraced anarchism and socialism, utopias of the century.
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
Elsie Leung also called on the government to seek an interpretation as soon as possible; based her knowledge of the Court of Final Appeal's reading of the Basic Law in prior cases going back to "Director of Immigration v. Chong Fung Yuen" in 2001, she did not expect that the government would be able to win its case in that venue. She further accused both the CFI and the CFA of ignoring the legislative intent of the Basic Law's drafters. On this point, University of Hong Kong law professor Albert Chen, also a member of the Basic Law Committee, noted that Lam had very little flexibility in how he could rule on "Vallejos" precisely due to CFA precedents in the "Chong Fung Yuen" case and other early right of abode cases. He stated that the CFA's reluctance to take into account extrinsic materials in determining the intent of Article 24 stemmed largely from the fact that the extrinsic materials available to the CFA regarding the intent of Article 24 were published after the Basic Law itself. As a solution, he suggested that, if Beijing made public the minutes from the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, which was the basis for the drafting of the Basic Law, it might persuade the CFA to re-examine its interpretation of Article 24; the Joint Declaration, being a treaty, was subject to principles of international law, under which signatories to a treaty had the right to issue explanations of their positions.
Mariano del Castillo
After graduating from San Beda College, Mariano del Castillo pursued law studies at the Ateneo de Manila University. He joined the Judiciary in 1989 as Municipal Trial Court Judge of San Mateo, Rizal before he was promoted to Regional Trial Court Judge of Angeles City in 1992, and later as Regional Trial Court Judge of Quezon City in 1995, where he was appointed First Vice-Executive Judge. He was appointed CA Justice in 2001. He was active in the Philippine Judges Association where he has served as its director, vice-president for administration, senior vice-president, and executive vice-president.
Ratification Cases
At the time of Chief Justices Castro and Fernando, the Supreme Court, using the ‘legitimizing’ power, affirmed the legality of the Ratification Cases through several cases, such as "Sanidad v. COMELEC (1976)" and "Occena v. COMELEC (1981)".
Judges of the Plains
Judges of the Plains, originally the judicial official Spanish and later Mexican officials called the Jueces del Campo, were judges that decided all disputes over ownership of cattle, horses, and other livestock. They attended all the yearly roundups and branding of cattle (rodeos), and horses (recogidas), where their decisions were final, with no appeal. The Juez del Campo was also a law enforcement officer in cases of theft of livestock, fraudulent brands or certificates of ownership. The laws concerning livestock were mostly traditional, handed down from decisions established during the Spanish Empire in the Americas and from Spain before that. The office was held for a year and was unpaid, taken up for the honor, usually by landowners with large holdings in the district.
James F. Merow
James F. Merow (March 16, 1932 – December 23, 2016) was a senior judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims (CFC). He served as a judge (trial commissioner) of the United States Court of Claims from 1978 to 1982, as an active judge on its successor, the CFC, from 1982 to 1998, and then as a senior judge until the time of his death.
Eduardo Vallejo
Vallejo's first victory as a professional came during his third fight, when he defeated Amado Morado, on September 10, 1991, by a four-round decision at McAllen, Texas, United States. He then lost to Aureo Dominguez and Hector Lara, both by 4 round decision, and both in Texas.
Margarita Mercado Echegaray
Margarita Mercado Echegaray (born on December 7, 1980) is an attorney, the former Solicitor General of Puerto Rico, and the youngest to hold such post. Mercado has a bachelor's degree in political science and history of the Americas, and a juris doctor from the University of Puerto Rico School of Law. She also has a master of laws in constitutional law and civil rights from Columbia University. Before her appointment, Mercado served as a law clerk at the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, and as a law clerk for Anabelle Rodríguez in the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
In 2013, after the Court of Final Appeal had finished hearing the case, Rao Geping (饒戈平) of Peking University Law School, who had earlier served as a mainland representative on the Basic Law Committee, stated that it should not be necessary for the Hong Kong government to seek another interpretation of the Basic Law either regarding Vallejos' case or the earlier "Director of Immigration v. Chong Fung Yuen" (which gave Hong Kong permanent residence to Hong Kong-born children of non-Hong Kong resident mainland parents). In Rao's opinion the NPCSC had already clearly explained Article 24 of the Basic Law in its 1999 interpretation in the aftermath of "Ng Ka Ling v. Director of Immigration", and in particular had established that the Hong Kong government had the right to use the Immigration Ordinance to control who gained the right of abode in Hong Kong.
Benjamin N. Cardozo
Born in New York City, Cardozo passed the bar in 1891 after attending Columbia Law School. He won election to the New York Supreme Court in 1913 but joined the New York Court of Appeals the following year. He won election as Chief Judge of that court in 1926. In 1932, President Herbert Hoover appointed Cardozo to the Supreme Court to succeed Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Cardozo served on the Court until 1938, and formed part of the liberal bloc of justices known as the Three Musketeers. He wrote the Court's majority opinion in notable cases such as "Nixon v. Condon" and "Steward Machine Co. v. Davis".
Frank Minis Johnson
Frank Minis Johnson Jr. (October 30, 1918 – July 23, 1999) was a United States District Judge and United States Circuit Judge serving 1955 to 1999 on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. He made landmark civil rights rulings that helped end segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South. In the words of journalist and historian Bill Moyers, Judge Johnson "altered forever the face of the South."
Albert Diaz (judge)
Albert Diaz (born 1960) is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Diaz is the first Hispanic judge to serve on the Fourth Circuit. Prior to his appointment to the Court of Appeals, Diaz was a North Carolina state superior court judge and an appellate judge for the Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals.
María José Sarmiento
María José Sarmiento is an Argentine judge.
Romeo Callejo Sr.
After earning his law degree from the San Beda College of Law in 1962, Callejo joined the law office of Senator Jose W. Diokno. He spent the next 24 years in private practice.
Carlos Jiménez Villarejo
Carlos Jiménez Villarejo (born 1935 in Málaga) is a former Spanish anti-corruption public prosecutor in office between 2000 and 2004. 
As a left-wing democrat jurist, he is specialized in the struggle against tax havens. He collaborates with ATTAC's struggle to abolish money-laundering center.
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.
The Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals, Benjamin N. Cardozo, was a judge who was greatly respected; he later became a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. After a standout legal career, Cardozo had been elected to the trial-level Supreme Court in 1913, but was quickly designated by the governor for service on the Court of Appeals. He was in 1917 appointed a judge of that court, and in 1926 was elected chief judge by the voters. In "Palsgraf", Cardozo wrote for a 4–3 majority of the Court of Appeals, reversing the appellate judgment and directing that the case be decided for the defendant, the LIRR. Cardozo was joined by Judges Cuthbert W. Pound, Irving Lehman and Henry Kellogg.
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
Regina Ip stated that the government would have to allocate more resources to deal with the increased workload resulting from right of abode applications by FDHs. Since Lam's earlier ruling in favour of Vallejos in late September, there had been a definite rise in the number of FDHs applying for permanent residence, from just one or two such cases per month in the past, to an average of sixteen in August and September 2011, and over 20 applications on 25 October alone. In total, the Immigration Department stated that it had received 148 permanent residence applications from FDHs in October. A total of roughly 900 foreign domestic helpers made applications for permanent residence from October 2011 to late March 2012 when the Court of Appeal overturned Lam's ruling.
Ricardo Hinojosa
Ricardo H. Hinojosa (born January 24, 1950) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas and served as the Chairman of the United States Sentencing Commission.
Domingo Ram y Lanaja
He joined the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine, studying at the University of Lleida and receiving a doctorate in canon and civil law, then described as "utroque iure", in 1406. He was a Prior of the priests community serving the churches of Alcañiz in 1395, participating in the Courts of Aragon, in Zaragoza in 1395. In 1405, he was the collector of the Archdiocese of Zaragoza and as such, he set aside the funds for the papal court of Avignon.
Salvador E. Casellas
On June 21, 1994, Casellas was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico vacated by Jaime Pieras, Jr.. Casellas was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 28, 1994, and received his commission on September 29, 1994. He assumed senior status on June 10, 2005. Judge Casellas passed away on November 22, 2017 at Auxilio Mutuo Hospital in Hato Rey, Puerto Rico.
José Vallejo
José Vallejo (born 10 December 1955) is a Dominican Republic boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
José A. Cabranes
José Alberto Cabranes (born December 22, 1940) is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and a member of the three-judge United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review ("FISCR"), designated in May 2018 as Presiding Judge of the FISCR. Formerly a practicing lawyer, government official, and law teacher, he was the first Puerto Rican appointed to a federal judgeship in the continental United States (1979).
M. Christina Armijo
Armijo was a staff attorney of Sandoval County Legal Services, New Mexico from 1976 to 1978 where she served, among others, indigent Native Americans. She was in private practice in New Mexico from 1978 to 1996. In 1996, Armijo was appointed by Governor Gary Johnson to the New Mexico Court of Appeals. Following her appointment, she won election to the seat, making her one of only a handful of Republicans to win a statewide judicial office in New Mexico, and the first Latina to serve as an appellate judge in New Mexico. While serving on the Court of Appeals, Judge Armijo authored more than 50 opinions and participated in many more. Judge Armijo's service on the Court of Appeals ended in November 2001 when she was appointed to the United States District Court.
Carlos Gaviria Díaz
Carlos Emilio Gaviria Díaz (8 May 1937 – 31 March 2015) was a Colombian lawyer, professor and politician. He served as the 5th Chief Magistrate of the Constitutional Court of Colombia, where he served as a Magistrate from 1993 to 2001. After retiring from the Court, he went into politics becoming a Senator of Colombia in 2002, and running for President as an Alternative Democratic Pole candidate in the 2006 presidential election, ultimately losing to ex-president Álvaro Uribe Vélez, who was seeking his second term in office.
Carmen Consuelo Cerezo
Carmen Consuelo Cerezo (née Vargas, born 1940) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico.
Eduardo Vallejo
Eduardo Vallejo (born August 2, 1968) is a Mexican-American former boxer who once fought for the World Boxing Organization's world Light-Flyweight title. He was also known as Eddie, and was sometimes introduced as Eddie Vallejo.
Rancho Bolsa del Pajaro
In 1852, Judge John H. Watson (–1882) and D.S. Gregory, an attorney, claimed Rancho Bolsa del Pajaro through a sale by the brother of Sebastian Rodríguez, Alejandro Rodríguez (1791–1848). Watson came from San Francisco as a district judge, but after a year resigned from the bench of the third district court but remained in the area as a lawyer. Watson and Gregory had secured interests from Alejandro Rodriguez and claimed the original grant was made to Alejandro Rodríguez and Sebastian Rodríguez. A claim for a half interest in Rancho Bolsa del Pajaro filed by John H. Watson and D. S. Gregory with the Land Commission in 1853 was rejected. Watson was elected to the California State Senate in 1859, and died in Elko, Nevada in 1882.
Jose Melo
Jose Armando R. Melo (born May 30, 1932) is a Filipino lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1992 to 2002. He is a former Chairman of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), and was succeeded by election lawyer Sixto Brillantes.
BANCOOP case
On October 28, 2010, Judge Patricia Inigo Funes e Silva, of the 5th Criminal Court of São Paulo, accepted the complaint. In addition, the judge ordered the disclosing of the banking and financial records of Vaccari and Ana Maria.[1]
Ricardo Lorenzetti
Ricardo Luis Lorenzetti (born in Rafaela, Santa Fe Province, September 19, 1955) is an Argentine judge graduated from the National University of the Littoral, Argentina, with a long national and international career. He is Justice and was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Argentina (2007-2018), proposed by President Néstor Kirchner and approved by the Senate, assuming his position on December 12, 2004, covering the vacancy caused by the resignation of Justice Adolfo Vázquez. On November 7, 2006, he was appointed Chief Justice, officiated as of January 1, 2007. He was President of the Commission for the preparation of the Parliamentary Act to reform, update and unify the Civil and Commercial Codes of the Argentine Nation, Presidential Decree 191/2011.
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
On 4 October, the government filed an application for a stay of execution of Lam's earlier judgment. David Pannick, again representing the Commissioner, had argued that the "status quo should be maintained" until appeals had been exhausted. However, on 26 October, Johnson Lam ruled against the government's application for stay. He noted that his earlier ruling applied only to the case of Vallejos herself. He stated that other FDHs would be free to file applications. However, he stated that it would be entirely permissible for the Immigration Department to delay processing of such applications until after appeals, and that such action would not constitute contempt of court as the government had feared. He further stated that if the Immigration Department chose not to entertain other applications by FDHs, it was up to those applicants themselves to take their cases to court. He also pointed out that "[s]hort of a temporary validity order, the court cannot pre-empt any person from relying on the legal principles set out in a judgment of the court"; the government did not seek such an order, and Lam doubted that the court had jurisdiction to give it. Thus, as he stated, the relief sought by the government would not shield it from suits by other right of abode applicants. Vallejos' solicitor Mark Daly stated that his client's residence application was "100 percent sure" as a result. The "Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor" was quoted as welcoming the ruling.
Charles B. Bellinger
Bellinger returned to private practice in Portland in 1880, where he remained until 1893. For three years he was in practice with John M. Gearin, before becoming a partner in the firm of Dolph, Bellinger, Mallory, & Simon. Partners Joseph N. Dolph and Joseph Simon were United States Senators, while Rufus Mallory was a member of the United States House of Representatives. On April 11, 1893, United States President Grover Cleveland nominated Bellinger to serve on the United States District Court for the District of Oregon as the judge of the single judge court, replacing Matthew Deady who had died. Bellinger was confirmed in the position by the United States Senate on April 15, and began his tenure that day. He served as judge of the federal district court until his death on May 12, 1905, in Portland.
Alfonso Vallejo
International Reviews, Commentaries and Critiques
Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield
Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield (February 18, 1800 – June 30, 1875) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who wrote the Argentine Civil Code of 1869, which remained in force until 2015, when it was replaced by the new "Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación".
Edgardo José Maya Villazón
He was also an auxiliar magistrate of the Labor Cassation Chamber of the Colombian Supreme Court of Justice. He was also Department of Cesar's Auxuliary Comptroller and member of the Redaction Commission of the Statutory Law for Justice Administration and also participated in the reform to the Unique Disciplinary Code (Law 200 of 1995). In 1999, Maya was a delegate of the International Labour Organization. He later became a magistrate of the Superior Council of the Judicature's Jurisdictional Disciplinary Chamber, as president and vice president.
Garrigues (law firm)
The younger brother, Antonio Garrigues Díaz-Cañabate, was born in 1904. He practiced law until his appointment in 1931 as director-general of registries and notaries during the days of the Spanish Republic. He was ambassador to the United States (1962–64) and to the Vatican (1964–72), and he became the minister of justice in the first government of the returned Spanish monarchy (1975–76).
Hugo Gutierrez Jr.
Hugo Gutierrez Jr. (January 29, 1927 – June 12, 2013) was a Filipino jurist and civil liberties advocate. Gutierrez served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines May 14, 1982 - March 31, 1993.
He had to resign in disgrace because of plagiarism that dealt with the Supreme Court Case with Eastern Telecommunications Philippines v. PLDT Decision. This plagiarism was uncovered by a young attorney, Arthur Lim, who is now part of COMELEC.
Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express Inc.
Judges William Homer Thornberry, Jerre Stockton Williams and W. Eugene Davis were empaneled to hear the case. They heard oral arguments in the case and handed down its decision in May 1988. Unanimously, in a decision written by Williams, they found for Shearson and held "Wilko" inapplicable.
Daniel R. Dominguez
Daniel R. Dominguez (born June 2 1945) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico.
Carlos Eduardo Mendoza
Carlos Eduardo Mendoza (born February 18, 1970) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida and former Florida Circuit Court Judge.
Benjamin N. Cardozo
Benjamin Nathan Cardozo (May 24, 1870 – July 9, 1938) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Previously, he had served as the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals. Cardozo is remembered for his significant influence on the development of American common law in the 20th century, in addition to his philosophy and vivid prose style.
Salvador E. Casellas
Salvador E. Casellas (June 10, 1935 – November 22, 2017) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico.
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
The day of the ruling, Hong Kong Secretary for Security Ambrose Lee announced that the government would appeal Lam's ruling, and separately would apply to stay the judgment in a hearing in October. He also stated that the Immigration Department would suspend right of abode applications by FDHs, and that such action did not amount to contempt of court as commentators had suggested.
Carmen Velasquez
Carmen R. Velasquez (/ˈkɑːrmɛn ˌvɛˈlɑːskɛz/; born May 30, 1960) is a Supreme Court Justice serving in the 11th district of the State of New York since January 2015. She has also served as judge for the New York City Civil Court of Queens County previously to her election. Velasquez is the first Ecuadorian to serve as judge for the Civil Court and Supreme Court of the State of New York.
Romeo Callejo Sr.
Callejo Sr. was appointed as a Manila trial court judge in 1986, and was promoted to the Court of Appeals in 1994. He was serving in the Court of Appeals upon his appointment to the Supreme Court in 2002. An expert in the fields of criminal law and procedural law, Callejo Sr. also taught these subjects in various law schools in Manila, including his alma mater San Beda College.
Carmen Consuelo Cerezo
Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Cerezo received a Bachelor of Arts degree, summa cum laude, from University of Puerto Rico in 1963, a Juris Doctor from University of Puerto Rico School of Law in 1966, and a Master of Laws from University of Virginia School of Law in 1988. She was in private practice in Puerto Rico for only eight months between 1966 and 1967 before being appointed chief law clerk for the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, Luis Negron Fernandez. After one year under Chief Justice Fernandez, Cerezo became a law clerk for the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, maintaining that position from 1967 to 1972. She was a judge of the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 1972 to 1976, and of the Court of Intermediate Appeals of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 1976 to 1980.
Vallejo, California
Although the town is named after General Vallejo, the man regarded as the true founder of Vallejo is John B. Frisbie. After his daughter Epifania married Frisbie, General Vallejo granted him power of attorney for the land grant. It was Frisbie who hired E.H. Rowe, the man who designed the city layout and who named the east-west streets after states and the north-south streets after California counties.
André Birotte Jr.
André Birotte Jr. (born August 15, 1966) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California and previously served as United States Attorney for the Central District of California. On July 22, 2014, the United States Senate unanimously confirmed Birotte to serve as a district judge in Los Angeles after being nominated by President Barack Obama.
M. Christina Armijo
In 2001, Armijo was nominated to the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico by President George W. Bush on September 4, 2001 to a new seat created by 114 Stat. 2762. Armijo was confirmed by the Senate on November 6, 2001 on a Senate vote and received her commission on November 12, 2001. She became Chief Judge of the court on October 1, 2012. As Chief Judge, she received praise for steering the court through the federal budget sequestration that struck shortly after she became chief. Under her leadership, the court also worked cooperatively to consolidated the federal bankruptcy court into the Domenici federal courthouse, reportedly saving taxpayers roughly $1 million per year. During her tenure as chief, the U.S. District Court filled eight full-time and part-time magistrate judge positions. One important initiative by Armijo is reaching out to young people to help them understand the court system and to foster an interest in the study of law and the legal system. She assumed senior status on February 7, 2018.
Antonio Arocho
Antonio Arocho (born Hatillo, Puerto Rico), more commonly known as Tony Arocho, is an attorney and former Chief Operating Officer of the Hispanic National Bar Association (2006–2008). He is the founder and principal attorney of the Arocho Law Office. He is a member of the District of Columbia and U.S. Virgin Islands bars. He is also admitted to practice before the U.S. Court of International Trade, and U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Francisco Vidal y Barraquer
Born in Cambrils to a family of rural landowners and liberal professionals, Francisco Vidal y Barraquer attended the "Colegio San Ignacio" in Manresa (1880–1885), earned his "bachillerato" at the seminary in Barcelona (1885), and then practiced law for a year after studying at the Law Faculty of Barcelona. He entered the Seminary of Tarragona in 1895, and was ordained to the priesthood on September 17, 1899. On September 24, 1900, Vidal obtained his doctorate in law from the University of Madrid. He sought to join the Society of Jesus, more commonly known as the Jesuits, but his father asked Francisco to finish a career first.
William Walter Wilkins
William Walter Wilkins (born 1942) is a former United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and a former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina.
Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero
On December 3, 2015, Mr. Callejas was indicted in U.S. Federal Court in connection with the ongoing 2015 FIFA Corruption Case. 12 days later, he flew to the United States and was taken into custody. A few days later, he was released on bond. He is represented by prominent criminal defense attorney Manuel Retureta of Retureta & Wassem, PLLC in Washington, DC. On March 27, 2016, he pleaded guilty to accepting $500,000 in bribes in 2012 to be shared with another football official.
Valdemar Aguirre Cordova
Valdemar Aguirre Cordova (December 6, 1922 – June 18, 1988) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona.
Olga Venecia Herrera Carbuccia
Herrera finished her studies with a doctor's degree from the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo in 1980. Afterwards she was the fiscal of a peace court from 1981 to 1984 and as the assistant attorney to the National District Prosecutor in Santo Domingo. From 1986 to 1991, she was a judge at a Criminal Chamber of the Court of First Instance in Santo Domingo, rising to the Criminal Chamber of the Court of Appeals where she worked until 2003, in the end as the Presiding Judge of the First Criminal Chamber of the Court of Appeals in Santo Domingo. From 2003 on, she has been the Judge President of the Criminal Chamber of the Court of Appeals for the Judicial Department in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
Tourism functional constituency legislator Paul Tse raised questions about the Civic Party's links to the case, questions which were echoed by internet users including those on popular local forum Uwants as well as a Facebook group created by Tse to gather videos and articles on the potential negative impact of the judicial review. Vallejos' barrister, Gladys Li, is a founding member of the Civic Party. The Liberal Party took out attack ads stating that "Civic Party core member Gladys Li is helping foreign maids to fight their residence case", echoed the DAB's warnings of massive increases in population and public expenditures, and called on the Civic Party to make a formal public statement of whether or not the party itself supported permanent residence for FDHs. An editorial in "Wen Wei Po" the week after the ruling accused the Civic Party of being "an enemy of the people" for their alleged support of the maids' residence case. Public perceptions that pan-democratic candidates supported Vallejos' case are believed to have contributed to their poor showing in the November 2011 district councils elections.
Antonio Arocho
Arocho served as an Assistant U.S. Virgin Islands Attorney General, Director of Labor Relations for the U.S. Virgin Islands, and as a special assistant to the Delegate to U.S. House of Representatives from the Virgin Islands. He has substantial experience with litigation in federal and local courts. He also served as a hearing officer with the District of Columbia Public Service Commission. As an Assistant U.S. Virgin Islands Attorney General he argued several high-profile cases on behalf of the Government of the U.S. Virgin Islands in federal and territorial courts. One of these cases is the seminal right-to-die case,"Fredella v. Farrelly" (a 1993 Territorial Court of the U.S. Virgin Islands decision), which set forth the medical standards that requires two EEG tests be performed within a 24-hour period to confirm the absence of brain activity and that neurological tests be performed by two neurologists. See, e.g., 28 V.I. 90 (Territorial Court of the Virgin Islands,1993).
Walt Calinger
Calinger was a practicing lawyer in Nebraska until his law license was suspended by the Nebraska Supreme Court on December 1, 1995. According to the ruling, Calinger neglected his duties in a worker's compensation case, resulting in the client losing the case, but, in fact, Calinger had, with the Defendant's approval, transferred her case to her present attorney and his partner, some three months before the critical date, when he ceased full-time practice and became Mayor of Omaha. They did not properly enter the case. The original client had obtained a default judgment in her suit against Calinger while he was in Chile and thus he could not assert several valid defenses. She did not serve the claim. Calinger, as Plaintiff, brought an action to set aside the default judgement in the Iowa District Court for Montgomery County wherein the pleadings and testimony show that he was living openly in Santiago, Chile and was, in fact, contacted by TV reporters, newspaper reporters and other United States citizens including his parish priest from Omaha while he was living in Chile. At case No. EQCV019068 on June 8, 2004, the default judgement was set aside. The defendant appealed to the Iowa Supreme Court and the case was heard by the Iowa Court of Appeals which on August 23, 2006 at (No. 6-215/05-00421) affirmed the decision of the District Court. His license is current.
Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration
Civic Party chairman Alan Leong questioned the assumption that maids could qualify for permanent residence even if Vallejos won her case, noting that the Immigration Department required applicants for permanent residence to sign a declaration that, among other things, they had "sufficient means of income to support myself and my family in Hong Kong without assistance"; he suggested that the Immigration Department would be unwilling to accept such declarations from FDHs with a typical monthly income of little more than HK$3,000. Leong went on to accuse the Liberal Party of misleading the public on the issue. An unnamed Immigration Department employee interviewed by "Sing Tao Daily", in response to Leong's comments, noted that low income was not necessarily a barrier to becoming a permanent resident, and that applications from other low-income persons such as foreign students were commonly approved.
Daniel Vallejos
Luis Daniel Vallejos Obregón (born 27 May 1981 in Santa Bárbara de Santa Cruz) is a Costa Rican professional footballer who currently plays for Puntarenas in the Segunda División de Costa Rica.
Eduardo Valencia Ospina
Eduardo Valencia Ospina (b. 1940) is a Colombian lawyer, politician, and current member of the International Law Commission (ILC). Valencia Ospina joined the United Nations in 1964 and worked for 36 years for its legal and judicial activities, before retiring in 2000 with the rank of Assistant Secretary-General. Most notably, he was Senior Legal Officer in the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat of the organisation and was the registrar of the International Court of Justice, also known as the ICJ, from 1987 to 2000. This makes him the second longest serving registrar of the ICJ. In November 2016 Valencia Ospina was elected to serve for a third term as a member of the International Law Commission. At the ILC, Valencia Ospina served as First Vice-Chair during its 69th session in 2017, and as Chair during its 70th session in 2018. In 2007, he was also appointed special rapporteur for the report on the "Protection of persons in the event of disasters". The Commission adopted the resulting "Draft articles on the protection of persons in the event of disasters" in 2016. The draft articles were subsequently submitted to the United Nations General Assembly and put on its agenda.
Álex Vallejo
Born in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Vallejo finished his graduation with Deportivo Alavés' youth setup, and made his senior debuts with the reserves in the 2011–12 season, in Tercera División. On 20 August 2011 he made first-team debut, starting and committing a penalty in a 2–2 away draw against CA Osasuna B for the Segunda División B championship.
John Carro
John Carro described by "The New York Times" as "legendary Justice" was a judge for 25 years and was involved in many high-profile cases. Carro was the first Puerto Rican to be named to the New York State Supreme Court, Appellate Division, where he served as an Associate Justice for the last 15 of his 25 years as a judge. After retirement from the bench in 1994, Carro founded Carro, Velez, Carro & Mitchell (now known as Carro, Carro & Mitchell), a private law firm in New York City. Carro is an ardent advocate for the Hispanic and Latino American community and human rights throughout the world, and has been a major leader in the founding and management of many bar groups, committees and legal and educational associations.
Virginia Vallejo
Vallejo's flight made news worldwide, and a home video that Vallejo had taped before her departure to protect her life was aired by Canal RCN of Colombia; according to the channel, it was watched by 14 million people, with higher rates of audience than the Football World Cup final of 2006 on June 9. Six weeks later, Miguel and Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela pleaded guilty; they were sentenced to 30 years in prison, and the United States Department of Justice collected $2.1 billion ($ billion today) in assets without going to trial.
Surinder Singh Nijjar
Surinder Singh Nijjar (born 7 June 1949) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. J. Nijjar was formerly the Chief Justice of Calcutta High Court. J. Nijjar is a known name in the field of arbitration law, having delivered many landmark judgments like BALCO, Enercon India v. Enercon Gmbh, Reliance Industries Ltd & Ors. v. Union of India, Swiss Timing Ltd. v. Organising Committee, Commonwealth Games, 2010.
Agrarian bonds in Peru
The Peruvian Provincial Criminal Prosecutor's Office No. 12 of Lima brought criminal charges against Óscar Arturo Díaz Muñoz for “falsification of documents in prejudice of the State and of Carlos Mesía Ramírez”. Carlos Mesía Ramírez is an ex-magistrate of the Constitutional Tribunal in Peru. The allegedly tampered ruling abruptly reversed multiple prior court decisions, leaving the agrarian bonds essentially worthless. Criminal charges cite direct evidence that a draft decision ruling in favor of bondholders was manipulated with white-out to become a dissenting opinion of ex-judge Carlos Mesía Ramírez without his consent.
United States v. Dominguez Benitez
Benitez appealed his conviction and sentencing to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, arguing that the District Court's failure to comply with all of the required Rule 11 warnings was ground for reversal. A three-judge panel of the court consisting of Circuit Judges James R. Browning, Stephen Reinhardt, and Richard C. Tallman voted 2-1 to reverse his conviction and sentence. The court's opinion was written by Judge Browning, and the dissent by Judge Tallman.
Troadio Gonzalez
Born in Belize, Gonzalez received his Bachelor of Law from the University of the West Indies Law Faculty in Barbados and Jamaica, and went on to the Norman Manley Law School in Jamaica. He served as Crown Counsel at the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions from 1981 to 1988, Chief Magistrate from 1988 to 1991, and Director of Public Prosecutions from 1991 to 1993. He was appointed as a justice of the Supreme Court of Belize in 1993. He served as acting Chief Justice of Belize from 1999 until Abdulai Conteh of Sierra Leone was formally appointed to that position the following year. Gonzalez is believed to hold Belize's record for the longest delay in rendering a judgment in a case: "DFC v Classic Woods Limited", which was heard in 1994 but on which he had not yet delivered a judgment by nearly fifteen years later in September 2009.
Rancho Yajome
The one and a half leagues were granted to Damaso Antonio Rodríguez (1782 - 1847). Rodriguez was a corporal of the Monterey Company, and transferred to the Santa Barbara Company in 1818. From 1833 he was alferez of the San Francisco Company, and sometimes commander of the post. While officially being an invalido, he was at Sonoma from 1837 in the service of General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. Rodriguez was involved in the 1846 Battle of Olompali and died soon after. The property was not occupied and Salvador Vallejo, brother of General Vallejo, applied for the property.
Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
The ruling in the landmark patent case raised controversies over the impact on the consumers and the smartphone industry. The jury's decision was described as being 'Apple-friendly' by Wired and a possible reason for the increased costs—because of licensing fees to Apple—that subsequently affected Android smartphone users. A question was also raised about the validity of lay juries in the U.S. patent system, whereby the qualifications of the jury members were deemed inadequate for a complex patent case; however, it was later revealed that the jury foreman Velvin Hogan was an electrical engineer and a patent holder himself. Hogan's post-verdict interviews with numerous media outlets raised a great deal of controversy over his role as the jury foreman. He told "Bloomberg TV" that his experience with patents had helped to guide the jurors' decisions in the trial. A juror Manuel Ilagan said in an interview with CNET a day after the verdict that "Hogan was jury foreman. He had experience. He owned patents himself … so he took us through his experience. After that it was easier." As the jury instructions stated that jurors can make decisions based solely on the law as instructed and "not based on your understanding of the law based on your own cases," controversy was consequently generated.
Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco
Torrejón y Velasco was born in Villarrobledo and spent his childhood in the town Fuencarral (now a district of Madrid), the birthplace of his father, Miguel de Torrejón, a huntsman in Philip IV of Spain's employ. In 1658, while still in Spain, he entered into the service of Pedro Fernández de Castro y Andrade, Count of Lemos, who later became the viceroy of Peru. In 1667, he traveled to Lima along with the new viceroy, as one of the viceroy's 113 personal attendants. From 21 November 1667 until 1672 he was superintendent of the armoury at Lima. In 1673 he was appointed magistrate and chief justice of Chachapoyas province, a position he held for four years. In 1676 he was appointed "maestro de capilla" at the Cathedral of Lima, replacing Juan de Araujo. He remained in that position until his death more than fifty years later in 1728. Torrejón was deeply religious, and adhered unconditionally to the ethical and legal framework of his time, as well as the precepts of the Catholic Church. Married twice (his first wife died) he had a total of six children, five of whom entered religious orders. He died in Lima.
Ruby Kless Sondock
Sondock was appointed to the Texas Supreme Court following the death of Associate Justice James G. Denton on June 10, 1982. Sondock served from June 25 to December 31 of that year, completing Denton's term. Sondock declined to seek election to the Supreme Court and instead ran successfully for reelection to her District Court seat the following year. Sondock was the court's first female justice, with the exception of a special all-woman court convened in 1925 to hear a single case. Justice Sondock formed part of the majority of the Texas Supreme Court in the landmark case of "Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S. A. v. Hall".
Carlos Trujillo
Trujillo was born on Long Island in New York and moved to the state of Florida in 1988. He attended Spring Hill College, graduating with a degree in business administration in 2004, and then the Florida State University College of Law, receiving his Juris Doctor in 2007. Following graduation, he served as an assistant state attorney for the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida, primarily dealing with felony prosecutions. He then started his own legal practice, Trujillo Vargas LLC which has now evolved to Trujillo Vargas Gonzalez Hevia LLP.