Material butiran
Tidaklah berlebihan apabila bahkan sampai ada yang mengusulkan bahwa material butiran dapat dikatakan sebagai suatu fase tersendiri dari wujud zat, seperti terlihat dalam gambar berikut ini (A: padat – memiliki bentuk sendiri, B: cair – memiliki tinggi yang sama, C: gas – memenuhi wadahnya, dan D: butiran – bergantung asupan energi).
Manajemen siklus produk
Bottom–up design (CAD-centric) occurs where the definition of 3D models of a product starts with the construction of individual components. These are then virtually brought together in sub-assemblies of more than one level until the full product is digitally defined. This is sometimes known as the review structure showing what the product will look like. The BOM contains all of the physical (solid) components; it may (but not also) contain other items required for the final product BOM such as paint, glue, oil and other materials commonly described as 'bulk items'. Bulk items typically have mass and quantities but are not usually modelled with geometry.