Pergamon
Pergamon ( or ), Pergamos or Pergamum () ( or ), was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Aeolis. It is located from the modern coastline of the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern-day Bakırçay) and northwest of the modern city of Bergama.
Greece in the Roman era
The Greek peninsula fell under Roman rule in 146 BC, after the Battle of Corinth, when Macedonia became a Roman province. Afterwards, southern Greece was under Macedonian hegemony; however, some Greek "poleis" remained partly independent and avoided Roman taxation. In principle, the Kingdom of Pergamon (282 – 133 BC) was annexed to that territory in 133 BC, when King Attalus III (r. 138 – 133 BC. ) willed the lands to Rome; however, the Romans were slow in securing their claim to those lands, and a pretender to the throne of Pergamon, Eumenes III (Aristonicus) led a revolt with the help of the philosopher Blossius, which the Roman army suppressed in 129 BC, when the lands of Pergamon were divided among Rome, the Kingdom of Pontus, and Cappadocia.