Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
Certain medications listed on the PBS are available only for specific therapeutic indications or to patients meeting specific criteria where the PBAC has deemed that the cost-benefit analysis is favourable only in those indications/patients. These are noted as "restricted benefits" on the Schedule. Medicare Australia places the onus of policing restricted benefits on the prescribers themselves and the pharmacists dispensing (unless the listing is also 'Authority Required'). For example, the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib is listed on the PBS as a restricted benefit for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Prescribers using celecoxib for other indications are expected to indicate "non-PBS" on the prescription, and/or the pharmacist dispensing the celecoxib should charge the patient the full cost.
Targeted molecular therapy for neuroblastoma
The following is a list of ALK inhibitors currently in clinical trials for treatment of neuroblastoma: 
Crizotinib was the first of these drugs to enter clinical trials and is the sole available ALK inhibitor, approved by the FDA on August 26, 2011. Thus far, it has proven its efficacy in treating adults with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), another form of cancer in which ALK plays a role. The drug is currently in phase III clinical trials to test its use in treating pediatric cancer types, such as neuroblastoma.