Arabic numerals
The first mentions of the numerals in the West are found in the "Codex Vigilanus" of 976.
Rebec
Popular from the 13th to 16th centuries, the introduction of the rebec into Western Europe coincided with the Arabic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. There is however evidence of the existence of bowed instruments in the 9th century in Eastern Europe. The Persian geographer of the 9th century Ibn Khurradadhbih cited the bowed Byzantine lira (or "lūrā") as typical bowed instrument of the Byzantines and equivalent to the Arab "rebab".