Languages of Catalonia
The main cause of Spanish and Catalan social bilingualism in modern Catalonia was large-scale migration from the rest of Spain during the 20th century, as Catalonia started a significant industrialization which demanded an increased workforce from elsewhere. Spanish has historically been spoken among a minority of civil servants born in other regions in Spain and among segments of the wealthiest bourgeoisie. Spanish has also been spoken as a second language by most Catalans, as it has been the only official language over long periods since the eighteenth century.
Menorca
The Catalan spoken in Menorca is a variety known as "Menorquí". Between "Menorquí" and standard Catalan, as with most Balearic dialects, the most distinctive difference is the different word used for the article "the", where "Menorquí" uses "es" for masculine and "sa" for feminine. Menorquí thus shares the source of its article with many Sardinian varieties (masc. sing. "su", fem sing. "sa"), rather than the standard Catalan "el" and "la", similar to other Romance languages (e.g. Spanish "el", "la", Italian "il", "la"), corresponding to a form which was historically used along the Costa Brava of Catalonia, from where it is supposed that the islands were repopulated after being conquered from the Moors.