Xiongnu
The Xiongnu () were a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Chinese sources report that Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 BC, founded the Xiongnu Empire.
Luandi
The Luandi (; alternatively written as Xulianti ) was a clan and the ruling dynasty of the ancient Xiongnu that flourished between 3rd century BCE to 4th century CE. The form Luandi (挛鞮) comes from Hanshu, while the form Xulianti comes from Hou Hanshu. Anna Dybo reconstructed 攣鞮's Old Chinese pronunciation as "*r(h)wan-de" & posits that the clan's name was an Iranic loanword, cognate with Khotanese "runde", plural of "rre" from "*rwant-" "king". There were four other noble tribes: Huyan, Xubu, Qiulin and Lan. The Huyan belonged to the dominating left wing, and the Lan and the Xubu belonged to the right wing.