Progressive Party (United States, 1912)
As a member of the Republican Party, Roosevelt had served as President from 1901 to 1909, becoming increasingly progressive in the later years of his presidency. In the 1908 presidential election, Roosevelt helped ensure that he would be succeeded by Secretary of War Taft. After Taft took office, he hewed closer to the conservative wing of the party and this and other actions alienated Roosevelt from his former friend. Progressive Republican leader Robert La Follette had already announced a challenge to Taft for the 1912 Republican nomination, but many of his supporters shifted to Roosevelt after the former President decided to seek a third presidential term, which was permissible under the Constitution prior to the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment. At the 1912 Republican National Convention, Taft narrowly defeated Roosevelt for the party's presidential nomination. After the convention, Roosevelt, Frank Munsey, George Walbridge Perkins and other progressive Republicans established the Progressive Party and nominated a ticket of Roosevelt and Hiram Johnson of California at the 1912 Progressive National Convention. The new party attracted several Republican officeholders, although nearly all of them remained loyal to the Republican Party—in California, Johnson and the Progressives took control of the Republican Party.
United National Workers' Party
The PUNT was created and led by Francisco Macías Nguema, former leader of the Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea (IPGE) and, since the independence from Francoist Spain, President of Equatorial Guinea (confirmed by the 1968 general election). The party was officially founded on 7 July 1970 on the structure of the United National Party (, PUN), existing from January to February of that same year. The name of the party was added "of the Workers" by Macías, supposedly inspired by the Workers' Party of Korea. The party was formed after, in January 1970, Macías issued a decree suppressing all existing political parties in the country. Previously, in December 1968, Macías had already announced that there would soon be a single party to "unify ideas".