Free will in antiquity
In Plato's Gorgias (and in the Protagoras 345c4-e6), Socrates argues that no one does wrong willingly, one of the most famous doctrines to be associated with him. When framed in modern (Western) terms, the implication is that it is ignorance, rather that free individual agency, that is responsible for morally wrong actions.
Sophia (wisdom)
The term "philosophia" (, , ) was primarily used after the time of Plato, following his teacher Socrates, though it has been said that Pythagoras was the first to call himself a philosopher. This understanding of "philosophia" permeates Plato's dialogues, especially the "Republic". In that work, the leaders of the proposed utopia are to be philosopher kings: rulers who are lovers of wisdom. According to Plato in "Apology", Socrates himself was dubbed "the wisest [, ] man of Greece" by the Pythian Oracle. Socrates defends this verdict in "Apology" to the effect that he, at least, knows that he knows nothing. Socratic skepticism is contrasted with the approach of the sophists, who are attacked in "Gorgias" for relying merely on eloquence. Cicero in later criticized Plato for his separation of wisdom from eloquence. "Sophia" is named as one of the four cardinal virtues (in place of "phronesis") in Plato's "Protagoras".