Ecosystem
The term ecosystem was first used in 1935 in a publication by British ecologist Arthur Tansley. Tansley devised the concept to draw attention to the importance of transfers of materials between organisms and their environment. He later refined the term, describing it as "The whole system, ... including not only the organism-complex, but also the whole complex of physical factors forming what we call the environment". Tansley regarded ecosystems not simply as natural units, but as "mental isolates". Tansley later defined the spatial extent of ecosystems using the term ecotope.
Invertebrate zoology
In 1735, the first edition of Carl Linnaeus' "Systema Naturae" was published; this work included information on both insects and intestinal worms. However, the tenth edition is considered the true starting point for the modern classification scheme for living things today. Linnaeus' universal system of classification made a system based on binomial nomenclature, but included higher levels of classification than simply the genus and species names. "Systema Naturae" was an investigation into the biodiversity on Earth. However, because it was based only on very few characters, the system developed by Linnaeus was an artificial one. The book also included descriptions of the organisms named inside of it.