Second Vatican Council
The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the or , addressed relations between the Catholic Church and the modern world. The council, through the Holy See, was formally opened under the pontificate of Pope John XXIII on 11 October 1962 and was closed under Pope Paul VI on the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception on 8 December 1965.
Francis X. Murphy
As a journalist, Murphy attended the Second Vatican Council which met at the Vatican from 1962-1965. Under the pseudonym Xavier Rynne, combining his middle name and his mother's maiden name, he revealed the inner workings of Vatican II to "The New Yorker". He is credited with setting the tone for the popular view of the council, depicting it as "conservative" versus "liberal".