Carbon microphone
The first microphone that enabled proper voice telephony was the (loose-contact) carbon microphone (then called transmitter). This was independently developed around 1878 by David Edward Hughes in England and Emile Berliner and Thomas Edison in the US. Although Edison was awarded the first patent in mid-1877, Hughes had demonstrated his working device in front of many witnesses some years earlier, and most historians credit him with its invention.
History of science and technology in Japan
The first full-frame DSLR cameras were developed in Japan from around 2000 to 2002: the MZ-D by Pentax, the N Digital by Contax's Japanese R6D team, and the EOS-1Ds by Canon.In 1982, JVC and Sony announced the first camcorders, as CAMera/reCORDER combinations. That year, Sony released the first camcorder, the Betacam system, for professional use. In 1983, Sony released the first consumer camcorder, the Betamovie BMC-100P, and JVC released the first VHS-C camcorder.In 2000, Sharp Corporation introduced the world's first camera phone, the J-SH04 J-Phone, in Japan.In 1876, two Japanese students, Shuji Izawa and Kentaro Kaneko, participated in Alexander Graham Bell's experiments with early telephony, immediately after Bell invented the telephone. According to Bell, this made Japanese the second language spoken through a telephone, after English.While working at Tohoku University, Jun-ichi Nishizawa proposed fiber-optic communication, the use of optical fibers for optical communication, in 1963. Nishizawa invented other technologies that contributed to the development of optical fiber communications, such as the graded-index optical fiber as a channel for transmitting light from semiconductor lasers. He patented the graded-index optical fiber in 1964. The solid-state optical fiber was invented by Nishizawa in 1964.