Semitic languages
The similarity of the Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic languages was accepted by Jewish and Islamic scholars since medieval times. The languages were familiar to Western European scholars due to historical contact with neighbouring Near Eastern countries and through Biblical studies, and a comparative analysis of Hebrew, Arabic, and Aramaic was published in Latin in 1538 by Guillaume Postel. Almost two centuries later, Hiob Ludolf described the similarities between these three languages and the Ethiopian Semitic languages. However, neither scholar named this grouping as "Semitic".
Biblical Hebrew
Hebrew has almost lost the broken plural (if it ever had it), and any vestigial forms that may remain have been extended with the strong plural endings. The dual and strong plural endings were likely much like the Arabic forms given above at one point, with only the objective-case forms ultimately surviving. For example, dual "-ayim" is probably from "*-aymi" with an extended mimation ending (cf. Arabic "-ayni" above), while dual construct "-ē" is from "*-ay" without mimation. Similarly, "-īm" < "*-īma", "-ōt" < "*-āti". (Note that expected plural construct state "*-ī" was replaced by dual "-ē".)