Freedom of religion in Russia
There is a universal military draft for men, but the Constitution provides for alternative service for those who refuse to bear arms for reasons of conscience. The length of alternative service is longer than the standard military service. The standard length of military service is 18 months, alternative service in a Ministry of Defense agency is 27 months, and alternative service in a nondefense agency is 31.5 months. Some human rights groups have complained that the extended length of service for draftees requesting alternative assignments acts as a punishment for those who exercise their convictions.
Conscription in Sweden
Sweden had mandatory military service () for men between 1901 and 2010. Peacetime conscription was mothballed in 2010, and the law on conscription was simultaneously made gender-neutral. A selective form of conscription for both men and women was introduced in 2018.