Hegemony
In the 19th century, hegemony came to denote the "Social or cultural predominance or ascendancy; predominance by one group within a society or milieu". Later, it could be used to mean "a group or regime which exerts undue influence within a society". Also, it could be used for the geopolitical and the cultural predominance of one country over others, from which was derived "hegemonism", as in the idea that the Great Powers meant to establish European hegemony over Asia and Africa.
Hartmut Haberland
Haberland has also done important work in the area of language contact and has expressed his views on the dangers of globalization, which has the effect of swallowing cultures as well as some of the domains of certain languages. In particular, he studied the process whereby English came to have such an influence on the Danish language that various areas of the lexicon were phagocytized by the English language, the latter language being in a position of power. Influenced by Gramsci's (Gramsci, 1992–6) ideas on power and ideology. Haberland launched the idea that hegemony (Gramsci, 1992–6) plays a role in the relationship between languages and determines that in the relationship there is a loser and a winner.