Invention of the telephone
The carbon microphone was independently developed around 1878 by David Edward Hughes in England and Emile Berliner and Thomas Edison in the US. Although Edison was awarded the first patent in mid-1877, Hughes had demonstrated his working device in front of many witnesses some years earlier, and most historians credit him with its invention.
Early classical guitar recordings
One of the earliest guitar sound recordings was from 1861, before Edison invented the phonograph. It is believed that it was recorded in the western saloon "Two Bulls" in Kansas. The phonograph type invented by Thomas Edison was on 18 July 1877. It used phonograph cylinders as a recording medium. In 1888, Emile Berliner patented his gramophone which used a flat disk – a gramophone record. At first, both mediums were used, but by 1910 the disk replaced the cylinder as the most popular recording medium. (Today the words "phonograph" and "gramophone" are sometimes used interchangeably.) Other types of recordings were instrument-specific, such as the pianola (or reproducing piano), which used a piano roll as the recording medium. Edwin Scott Votey produced the first true pianola in 1895.