Arabic numerals
The first mentions of the numerals in the West are found in the "Codex Vigilanus" of 976.
Watch 1505
The widespread network of the Muslim Caliphates interconnected with the world's known trade routes, mainly the Silk Road from China to the Caliphate of Cordoba and Al-Andalusian Spain, were not only the most important trade routes but also networks of knowledge transfer. The broad network made it necessary to have primarily navigation devices, such as astrolabes, which were introduced to Europe from Muslim Spain in the early 12th century. The Andalusian mathematician and astronomer Al-Muradi wrote the technological manuscript "Kitāb al-asrār fī natā'ij al-afkār" ("The Book of Secrets in the Results of Thoughts"). The manuscript provides information about a "Castle and Gazelle Clock" and many other forms of complicated clocks and ingenious devices.