List of Dutch discoveries
Flemish anatomist and physician Andreas Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy for the publication of the seven-volume "De humani corporis fabrica" ("On the Structure of the Human Body") in 1543.
Lorenz Böhler
Böhler is most notable as one of the creators—or even the creator—of modern accident surgery. He was the head of the AUVA-Hospital in Vienna, Brigittenau, that was later named after him: Lorenz-Böhler-Unfallkrankenhaus. This hospital was an international model during his time as the leading surgeon there. 
In radiology, the measurement of "Böhler's angle" on a foot X-ray can help detect fractures of the calcaneus.