Arabic numerals
The first mentions of the numerals in the West are found in the "Codex Vigilanus" of 976.
Equations of motion
The exposure of Europe to the collected works by the Muslims of the Greeks, the Indians and the Islamic scholars, such as Euclid’s "Elements", the works of Archimedes, and Al-Khwārizmī's treatises began in Spain, and scholars from all over Europe went to Spain, read, copied and translated the learning into Latin. The exposure of Europe to Arabic numerals and their ease in computations encouraged first the scholars to learn them and then the merchants and invigorated the spread of knowledge throughout Europe.