History of Portugal (1834–1910)
Militant Republicans and their allies in the Carbonária were not willing to remain in the shadows of the constitutional monarchy. Between 4–5 October 1910, members of the Carbonária, republican youth, and elements of the army instigated a coup d'état against the already weak constitutional monarchy. The young king and his family, after a few miscues, escaped from the Palace in Mafra to exile in England. On the morning of 5 October 1910, the Republic was declared from the balcony of Lisbon City Hall, ending eight centuries of monarchy in Portugal.
Regeneration (Portugal)
In the history of Portugal, the Regeneration (Portuguese - "Regeneração") is the name given to the period of the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy after the military insurrection of 1 May 1851 that caused the end of Costa Cabral's tenure and of the Septembrist government. Despite the ministry that resulted from the strike, presided over by marshal Saldanha, the main person of the Regeneration was Fontes Pereira de Melo. Although it cannot be delimited definitely in the time, the period of the Regeneration endured for about 17 years, ending with the "Janeirinha" revolt in 1868, which brought the Reformist Party to power. The Regeneration was characterized by attempts to develop the country economically and modernize it, and the associated stringent fiscal measures.