Picture book
In 1938, the American Library Association (ALA) began presenting annually the Caldecott Medal to the most distinguished children's book illustration published in the year. The Caldecott Medal was established as a sister award to the ALA's Newbery Medal, which was awarded to a children's books "for the most distinguished American children's book published the previous year" and presented annually beginning in 1922. During the mid-forties to early fifties, honorees included Marcia Brown, Barbara Cooney, Roger Duvoisin, Berta and Elmer Hader, Robert Lawson, Robert McCloskey, Dr. Seuss, Maurice Sendak, Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire, Leo Politi, Tasha Tudor, and Leonard Weisgard.
Mary Letitia Caldwell
After receiving her M.S. and Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1919 and 1921, respectively, Caldwell was hired as an instructor in 1922. She eventually became the first female professor of Chemistry in 1948, and the only female senior faculty member of the Chemistry department at Columbia University at the time.
In 1960, Caldwell was awarded the Garvin Medal by the American Chemistry Society, for her research in amylase. The Garvin Medal specifically recognizes women who have a huge contribution to the field of Chemistry. Caldwell developed a method to isolate crystalline pancreatic enzymes, that is now used by laboratories all throughout America and Europe.