Xiongnu
The Xiongnu () were a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Chinese sources report that Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 BC, founded the Xiongnu Empire.
Jiangqu
Jiangqu (; r. 179–188 CE) was a Chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu, a successor to Huzheng (Ch. 呼徵, r. 178-179 CE) of the Southern Xiongnu. Jiangqu was a head of the maternal dynastic tribe Qiang (Kiyan) with a title Western Tuqi-Prince (Wise Prince, Ch. "Xian Wang") not eligible for the throne, he was appointed by the Chinese Bailiff for Southern Xiongnu affairs Zhang Xiu, who on his own whim executed Huzheng Chanyu. Although Zhang Xiu was himself executed for his transgression, Jiangqu was confirmed in the Great Chanyu post by the reigning Han Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 CE).