Giant hutia
The giant hutias are an extinct group of large rodents known from fossil and subfossil material in the West Indies. One species, "Amblyrhiza inundata", is estimated to have weighed between , big specimens being as large as an American black bear. This is twice as large as the capybara, the largest rodent living today, but still much smaller than "Josephoartigasia monesi", the largest rodent known. These animals were probably used as a food source by aboriginal humans. All giant hutias are in a single family, Heptaxodontidae, which contains no living species; this grouping seems to be paraphyletic and artificial, however.
Phoberomys insolita
Phoberomys insolita is an extinct species of rodent that was known as the largest rodent on earth, before the discovery of "Josephoartigasia monesi". Fossil specimens from the Late Miocene period have been discovered in the Ituzaingó Formation of Argentina.