Refracting telescope
Refractors were the earliest type of optical telescope. The first practical refracting telescopes appeared in the Netherlands about 1608, and were credited to three individuals, Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Janssen, spectacle-makers in Middelburg, and Jacob Metius of Alkmaar. Galileo Galilei, happening to be in Venice in about the month of May 1609, heard of the invention and constructed a version of his own. Galileo then communicated the details of his invention to the public, and presented the instrument itself to the Doge Leonardo Donato, sitting in full council.
Alethoscope
An alethoscope (Greek true+view) is an instrument for viewing pictures with a lens to enlarge and show them with natural relations and proportions. The alethoscope was invented by Carlo Ponti in 1860 and patented in 1861. It was used to view photographs that were colored, perforated and mounted on a curved frame. The alethoscope showed day-and-night effects whether viewing it against the light or reflect the light by two side mirrors. It is the larger version of a megalethoscope.