Republican Party (United States)
Founded in 1854, the GOP originally subscribed to classical liberalism and took ideological stands that were anti-slavery and pro-economic reform. Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president in the history of the United States. The party was usually dominant over the Democrats during the Third Party System and Fourth Party System. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party after being rejected by the GOP and ran as a third-party presidential candidate. Roosevelt called for many social reforms, some of which were later championed by New Deal Democrats in the 1930s. He lost the 1912 election, and when most of his supporters returned to the GOP, they were at odds with the party's new conservative economic stance; many left for the Democratic Party, and an ideological shift to the right occurred in the Republican Party. Later in the 20th century, the liberal Republican element was overwhelmed by a conservative surge begun by Barry Goldwater in 1964 and continued during the Reagan Era.
Bull College
Bull College was the name commonly used for a branch of the Training Within Civilian Agencies programme of the U.S. Army, which, in Michaelmas 1945 and Lent 1946, allowed American military personnel to study at the University of Cambridge at the conclusion of the second world war. It was named for the Bull Hotel (requisitioned by the British Army from its owner, St Catharine's College and subsequently incorporated into St Catharine's) in which most GIs in the programme were initially billeted. Bull students made an impression on the university, not least through the first participation of a female coxswain in a Cambridge boat race, in the 1946 Lent Bumps. Bull was also involved in a fixture against Pembroke College, in which the first half was played under rugby union rules, and the second under American football rules.