Migrant sex work
Sex work and sex trafficking conflation is also a heavily debated legal topic. Several scholars argue that existing legal provisions aimed at combating human trafficking, such as the U.S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act and the 2000 United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, do not adequately account for the variety of sex worker conditions and contexts, voluntary or involuntary. For instance, Filipina hostesses who migrate to Japan to work as entertainers must give up their legal documents to their recruiters during the migration process. While the law considers the process of giving up a passport to a third party intermediary as a condition of human trafficking, several scholars, activists, and the sex workers themselves do not regard this to be human trafficking, particularly when individuals consent to this component of the migration process.
Human trafficking in California
If a person is convicted of obtaining forced labor through human trafficking, he/she faces either five, eight, your twelve years in prison, plus a fine of up to $500,000. If one is found to be committing human trafficking crimes connected to commercial sex trafficking, sexual extortion, or child pornography, he/she faces either eight, fourteen, or twenty years in state prison, a fine of up to $500,000, and the legally mandated responsibility to register as a sex offender. If a person coerces a minor under the age of 18 to engage in commercial sex acts, the persuading actor can receive five to twelve years in prison or a prison sentence of fifteen years to life if the relevant jury determines that he/she used "force, fear, violence, or threat of injury to the alleged victim"; a $500,000 fine; and the requirement to register as a sex offender.