Greco-Turkish War (1897)
The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also called the Thirty Days' War and known in Greece as the Black '97 (, "Mauro '97") or the Unfortunate War (Ατυχής πόλεμος, "Atychis polemos") (Turkish: "1897 Osmanlı-Yunan Savaşı" or "1897 Türk-Yunan Savaşı"), was a war fought between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire. Its immediate cause was the question over the status of the Ottoman province of Crete, whose Greek majority long desired union with Greece. Despite the Ottoman victory on the field, an autonomous Cretan State under Ottoman suzerainty was established the following year (as a result of the intervention of the Great Powers after the war), with Prince George of Greece and Denmark as its first High Commissioner.
Pan-Turkism
The agents of the Armenian genocide during the First World War advocated pan-Turkism, and Enver Pasha was a key player in the attempt to remove non-Muslim minorities from the Ottoman Empire in order to build a new pan-Turkic state. The Greek genocide refers to the fate of the Greek population of the Ottoman Empire during and after World War I and the ensuing 1919–22 Greco-Turkish War. Like the Armenians and Assyrians, the Greeks were massacred, expelled, and marched to death by the Ottoman government. George W. Rendel of the British Foreign Office and other diplomats noted the massacres and deportations of Greeks after the armistice. Hundreds of thousands of Ottoman Greeks are estimated to have died during this period. A population exchange between Greece and Turkey occurred in 1923 after the Greco-Turkish War. Most of the exchange was disorganized, with Turks and Greeks fleeing from each other's countries. Many people were unaccounted for, causing some scholars to suspect a more-brutal, ideologically motivated expulsion of Greeks from Turkey. The Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian genocides took place under the Three Pashas of the Ottoman Empire. A 1922 memorandum from the Assyro-Chaldean National Council estimated that about 275,000 Assyrians were killed.