Medical ultrasound
A contrast medium for medical ultrasonography is a formulation of encapsulated gaseous microbubbles to increase echogenicity of blood, discovered by Dr Raymond Gramiak in 1968 and named contrast-enhanced ultrasound. This contrast medical imaging modality is clinically used throughout the world, in particular for echocardiography in the United States and for ultrasound radiology in Europe and Asia.
Arthur M. Sackler
Sackler began his career practicing medicine, where he specialized in biological psychiatry. In the early 1940s he joined medical advertising agency William Douglas McAdams Inc. From 1949 - 1954, he served as a research director at Creedmoor Institute for Psychobiological Studies. Sackler collaborated on 140 papers based on neuroendocrinology, psychiatry, and experimental medicine. He was the first doctor to use ultrasound for diagnosis, identified histamine as a hormone, and advocated for its use as an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy. He is also credited with helping to racially integrate New York City's first blood banks.