Anatomy
Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) (Latinized from Andries van Wezel), professor of anatomy at the University of Padua, is considered the founder of modern human anatomy. Originally from Brabant, Vesalius published the influential book "De humani corporis fabrica" ("the structure of the human body"), a large format book in seven volumes, in 1543. The accurate and intricately detailed illustrations, often in allegorical poses against Italianate landscapes, are thought to have been made by the artist Jan van Calcar, a pupil of Titian.
Antonio Benivieni
Antonio Benivieni (1443–1502) was a Florentine physician who pioneered the use of the autopsy, a postmortem dissection of a deceased patient's body used to understand the cause of death. Benivieni published a treatise entitled "De Abditis Morborum Causis" ("The Hidden Causes of Disease") which is now considered one of the first works in the science of pathology. Some of the protocols developed by Benivieni are similar to those used in autopsies to this day, and he has been referred to as the "father of pathologic anatomy."