Emerging church
While some Evangelicals emphasize eternal salvation, many in the emerging church emphasize the here and now. Participants in this movement assert that the incarnation of Christ informs their theology. They believe that as God entered the world in human form, adherents enter (individually and communally) into the context around them and aim to transform that culture through local involvement. This holistic involvement may take many forms, including social activism, hospitality and acts of kindness. This beneficent involvement in culture is part of what is called missional living. Missional living leads to a focus on temporal and social issues, in contrast with a perceived evangelical overemphasis on salvation. Drawing on research and models of contextual theology, Mobsby asserts that the emerging church is using different models of contextual theology than conservative evangelicals, who tend to use a "translation" model of contextual theology (which has been criticized for being colonialist and condescending toward other cultures); the emerging church tends to use a "synthetic" or "transcendent" model of contextual theology. The emerging church has charged many conservative evangelical churches with withdrawal from involvement in contextual mission and seeking the contextualization of the gospel.
Decision theology
Decision theology is the belief by some fundamentalist and evangelical sects of Christianity that individuals must make a "conscious" decision to "accept" and follow Christ (be "born again"). Some Christian denominations object to the "decision theology" theory as contradicting the monergism of orthodox historic Protestantism. Many fundamentalists and evangelicals expect individuals to make a dramatic decision to commit themselves to Jesus Christ. Lutherans and Reformed Christians reject the "decision theology" of some modern evangelicals, believing that faith receives the gift of salvation rather than causes salvation.