Let $R$ be an utterly arbitrary commutative, unital ring. Let $A$ be a finitely generated $R$-module.     Is $\operatorname{Hom}_R(A,R)$ finitely generated as an $R$-module?   Intuitively and based on the familiar cases, it seems to me it should indeed always be, but I'm not seeing the proof right now. If $A$ is free, it is generated (finitely) by the dual basis to a basis for $A$. But if $A$ is not free, there is no dual basis, so how do we get the result? (Or is it false?)  Thanks in advance!  Edit: This question seems to have been asked and answered before, in a more general setting, . I find Hanno's answer useful in addition to the accepted answer at the linked question, however, since it includes an explanation of the motivation behind the proffered counterexample. I am not sure how to proceed given this.

Assume that $M$ and $N$ are two finitely generated $R$-modules. Then $\operatorname{Hom}_{R}(M,N)$ is a finitely generated $\mathbb Z$-module and/or $R$-module (in this case, assume that $R$ is commutative)?   Note that $R$ is not Noetherian ring. Is there any counterexample (for any cases)?


I'm looking for a way to change the keyboard shortcut for changing tabs from CtrlPageUp to CtrlTab.  I think it's a very common and useful shortcut and I was surprised to discover it isn't include in the Keyboard Shortcuts editor.

I would like to configure and change some shortcut keys of Nautilus (file manager of Ubuntu). Does anyone know where I could do that?  Edit1: Precisely, initial binding for "go to parent folder" in Nautilus is Tab + Up arrow, I would like to chang it to Ctrl + Up arrow because Tab + Up arrow has already been set to other things via Compiz.


Char and varchar are datatypes in SQL, as they are in many other languages(So this question could be multi-language).  From what I understand, the difference is that if I declared a Char as Char(20) it would allocate 20 (bytes/bits) [Could someone clarify this bit too? For now, I'll use bytes.]. Then if I only used 16 bytes, I would still have four allocated to that field. (A waste of 4 bytes of memory.)  However, if I declared a varchar as varchar(20) and only used 16 bytes, it would only allocate 16 bytes.   Surely this is better? Why would anyone choose char? Is it foe legacy reasons, or is there something I'm missing?

I realize that CHAR is recommended if all my values are fixed-width. But, so what? Why not just pick VARCHAR for all text fields just to be safe.


I'm using Hierarchical Clustering Package in Mathematica to analyse the set of experimental data (each experimental point has about 10 parameters). There are a lot of options for Distance function and Linkage in this Package. I used  EuclideanDistance and Median for Linkage (and I have satisfying results, that fits well with our expectations), but the question is how rationally choose Distance function and Linkage? And if using different Distance function and Linkage gives different clustering is it means that the clustering is not reliable for our dataset? Or if it works just for EuclideanDistance is fine? In which cases clustering is not depend on Distance function and Linkage? And what conclusion could be made if it does?

I am performing hierarchical clustering on data I've gathered and processed from the reddit data dump on Google BigQuery.   My process is the following:   Get the latest 1000 posts in /r/politics Gather all the comments Process the data and compute an n x m data matrix (n:users/samples, m:posts/features) Calculate the distance matrix for hierarchical clustering Choose a linkage method and perform the hierarchical clustering Plot the data as a dendrogram   My question is, how do I determine what the best linkage method is? I'm currently using Ward but how do I know if I should be using single, complete, average, etc?  I'm very new to this stuff but I can't find a clear answer online as I'm not sure there is one. So what might be a good idea for my application? Note the data is relatively sparse in the sense that the n x m matrix has a lot of zeroes (most people don't comment on more than a few posts).


I can't remember my email address for my xbox live account but I know my password for a fact. What should I do? Please help me if you can. /:

I have an old xbox360 and my account is there. I want to download my account on the new black Xbox360. The thing is, I don't remember the email associated with that gamertag.  How can I get it?


I'm running Ubuntu on Oracle VM VirtualBox. The VM was initially set up with 8GB of storage but now I've run out of space. I used VirtualBox's vboxmanage modifymedium function to resize the virtual disk, and I can see the unallocated space in GParted. Now I'm trying to extend the partition sda5 but I don't seem to get the option to extend it out into the unallocated portion of the drive. What am I missing here?

I want to shrink my second (LVM) partition, in order to create a new partition in the newly freed space. I am using the Live CD to do so, because I know I can't resize/move this partition while it is in use. When I opened GParted in the Live CD, I realized that I could not resize the partition, because when I right-click it, the option "resize/move" is disabled.  I tried to unmount it, to "lazy" unmount it (umount -l /dev/sda2) but it didn't work.  A screenshot from GParted:


Recently  was marked by duplicate. Screenshot:        I see an icon of gold badge near user marked question as duplicate (j08691). And how did he marked it as duplicate alone, not being a moderator?

In order to increase the efficiency with which poor quality questions are closed, it could make sense to have weighted close votes for a small subset of qualified users.   A very good way to measure the qualified users would be to leverage the tag badges. However, it needs to be rationally limited to a set of users that are knowledgeable with the subject. A very good way to measure the top users in a tag would be to look at those who have a gold badge in the tag.  If two users who have a gold tag badge pertinent to a question issue a close vote, the question should probably be closed (or probably will be very soon under the current system). I think it would make sense to allow users with a gold tag badge to have a 3x weight for close votes in those tags.  Please keep in mind, this isn't suggesting full moderator one click closure. It only adds weight to the vote. A single user could not do it on their own. These singular users cast close votes all the time, so that aspect would not change. Some will vote to close, some wont, but the ones who do should have a stronger weight to their vote. Even with 3x it will require 2 of said votes to accomplish, or still 2 other users (meaning 3 agreed it should be closed - which is the same amount of high rep users it takes to delete a question and that has a much greater impact than closure).  tldr;  Allow gold tag badge users to have a weighted close vote in their tag


I don't know if i can't formulate the right question, but i couldn't find the answer to what looks like a simples thing. Basically i'm trying to make a bash script to automate some work that i need to do with an executable program. What happens is that i can't get the script to pass the value when i'm within the executable "frame".I've tried to make the simplest thing to see if it would work and it didin't. Looks something like this: #!/bin/bash  ./run1  sleep 1  echo '0.2'   In this case i was just trying to pass the value 0.2 as input for the running process 'run1', but it didn't happen. Looking to structure of the bash script i thought that maybe the echo would just work when the running process ends. So here lays my question: How can i give an input to an process when it's running? It doesn't necessarily  needs to be by means of an bash script i just want to automate this.

I'm not giving the real example as the post becomes so long that no one would read it. So I'll give other examples I have a bash script name.sh and it is programmed as below- #!/bin/bash echo "Please Enter your name" read name echo "Hello $name" sudo bash age.sh  And another script(say age.sh) like this- #!/bin/bash *echo "Hello $name" echo "Please enter your age" read age echo "Thank you"  *Here in the second script I want the variable $name from the first script to be used with the same value in the second script so the user doesn't have to type his name again Of course if I'm declaring a variable then I can do it in the other script too but if the user is declaring it then I can't predict what the user will answer. So how do I transfer the same value over to the other script? I have another idea to do it It goes like this- #!/bin/bash echo "Please Enter your name" read name echo "Hello $name" sudo bash age.sh --variable_value  Somehow can i make the 2nd script use the values given after -- and assign the same variables to them?


I’m an English teacher in Japan. Recently I ran into quite a conundrum, which I’m sure many others have struggled with. I was talking to one of my students in the presence of my boss and something my student said gave me the impression he hadn’t seen a particular movie. I then asked him, “So you haven’t seen the movie?” He responded, “No, I haven’t.” At this, I corrected him, saying he should say, “Yes, I haven’t.” My boss took issue with and said this is the number one thing that Japanese students learning English apparently trip up on, and traditionally they would be upset if I teach this kind of thing, because what they learned in school is that they should say, “No, I haven’t” in all cases. He has been riding me to find the answer for myself as to whether this is true or not, and while I’ve looked around online and found opinions, I can’t find anything “official”. And what bothers me is responding to a question such as “Have you not seen it” with “No, I haven’t” seems illogical to me, because then it sounds like it would be a double-negative; I’m asking if he has NOT seen the movie, so shouldn’t his answer be “YES, I haven’t seen it?”  By saying “no“, to me it sounds like he would be saying, “No, I haven’t not seen it”, which would mean he has.  Also, the other night, my boss posed the example question on the board for me, “Do you not like it?”. Again, I would naturally think it should be, “Yes, I don’t” or “No, I do”, because I’d be affirming that question one way or the other.  He also showed me a place in a textbook we use with a question like “Don’t you like it” and the answer was “No, I don’t” or “Yes, I do”.  This makes sense to me because the question is essentially saying, “I think you like it, right”, but I’d using a negative. Although when I think about it, why does this seem normal to me but it seems strange to me to say “Yes, I do” or “No, I don’t” to something like “Do you NOT like it”.  This thread seems to suggest I’m right:  My mom, who is really good with Grammar, also agreed with the responses in that thread. But I feel like I need something more official and concrete.  So could anyone tell me for sure what the right way is and if possible give me an official source, like a dictionary of sorts or something? Thanks a lot.

I faced a problem to answer a negative question, for example, when someone asks you:      Don't you have any money?   It's a yes/no question but how should one answer the question without ambiguity?  When you answer "yes", does it mean "yes, I don't have any money"? or the other way "Yes, I do have money"? the questioner may think you are agreeing to the negative, that yes, you do not have any money.  I know it's better to answer with "on the contrary" but is it possible to answer yes or no?


I have a problem in this code The tv.setText(str); is working and the text for tv change to "LED1", but in if(str=="LED1") it's not working! What is the problem?  Handler = new Handler() {     @Override     public void handleMessage(Message msg)     {          byte [] data= (byte[]) msg.obj;         try {             tv.setText("");             String str = new String(data, "UTF-8");             tv.setText(str);             if(str=="LED1")             {                 tv.setBackgroundColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.red));             }         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }     } };

I've been using the == operator in my program to compare all my strings so far. However, I ran into a bug, changed one of them into .equals() instead, and it fixed the bug.  Is == bad? When should it and should it not be used? What's the difference?


in simple linear regression  R-squared is equal to the squared correlation coefficient between the actual y and the predicted y (i.e. 𝑦 hat )  how to prove this relationship?  Thanks!

Let's say I have two 1-dimensional arrays, $a_1$ and $a_2$. Each contains 100 data points. $a_1$ is the actual data, and $a_2$ is the model prediction. In this case, the $R^2$ value would be: $$ R^2 = 1 - \frac{SS_{res}}{SS_{tot}} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\ \ \quad\quad(1).  $$ In the meantime, this would be equal to the square value of the correlation coefficient,  $$ R^2 = (\text{Correlation Coefficient})^2 \quad (2). $$ Now if I swap the two: $a_2$ is the actual data, and $a_1$ is the model prediction. From equation $(2)$, because correlation coefficient does not care which comes first, the $R^2$ value would be the same. However, from equation $(1)$, $SS_{tot}=\sum_i(y_i - \bar y )^2$, the $R^2$ value will change, because the $SS_{tot}$ has changed if we switch $y$ from $a_1$ to $a_2$; in the meantime, $SS_{res}=\sum_i(f_i-\bar y)^2$ does not change.   My question is: How can these contradict each other?  Edit:    I was wondering that, will the relationship in Eq. (2) still stand, if it is not a simple linear regression, i.e., the relationship between IV and DV is not linear (could be exponential / log)? Will this relationship still stand, if the sum of the prediction errors does not equal zero?


What happens if  attacks and is killed by blockers? Would the second combat phase still happen?

Player A taps  targeting Player B; its "deals 1 damage to target player" ability is placed on the stack.  Player B gets priority and responds with , targeting Goblin Fireslinger.  Both players pass priority. Snap resolves, and Goblin Fireslinger is returned to its owner's hand.  Does Player B still take 1 damage from Goblin Fireslinger's activated ability?  I know that if the creature had been killed/sent to the graveyard, the ability would still resolve, but I was told recently that because a player's hand is a private zone it couldn't. If anyone could confirm or deny this for me, it would be most appreciated.


I have a shot put together with a model that is textured to my standards and lit to match my scene and I like the way it looks in the render view.  My issue is that this does not match what shows up in the render.  (The positioning is a little different, but you get the idea).   Anyhow, I've been tinkering around in the settings and can't get it to look right. I'm pretty new to this program and was wondering if I may just have some of my settings messed up or if it's an issue with my laptop rendering. Any thoughts?  Thanks, Joel  Here's my node setup for the material.

Blender is rendering an older version of my project, not the most recent one. I have made it using the Blender Render but it does not want to render in cycles either. A black and grey screen is rendered as if everything is transparent. Checked general camera, lighting and compute devises in case I messed something up but I can't find anything. All my textures and objects look normal, does anybody know what is wrong or what to check?  Ok added link:


Each time I run sudo apt-get update and then sudo apt-get upgrade, the program lxsession-default-apps is available for update but I always get an error that it can't update.  How do I fix this?

For example:  $ sudo apt-get install curl Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: bsh : Depends: libjline-java but it is not going to be installed groovy : Depends: libjline-java but it is not going to be installed rhino : Depends: libjline-java but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies.   Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).   I get the same or similar errors when I attempt to install clojure1.3, leiningen, and several other packages.   When I try the suggestion made in the error message, this is what happens:  $ sudo apt-get -f install  Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:   diffstat linux-headers-3.2.0-26-generic linux-headers-3.2.0-26 dh-apparmor dkms html2text libmail-sendmail-perl libsys-hostname-long-perl Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed:   libjline-java Suggested packages:   libjline-java-doc The following NEW packages will be installed:   libjline-java 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 23 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/72.0 kB of archives. After this operation, 129 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y (Reading database ... 226243 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libjline-java (from .../libjline-java_1.0-1_all.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libjline-java_1.0-1_all.deb (--unpack):  trying to overwrite '/usr/share/java/jline.jar', which is also in package scala 2.9.2-400 Errors were encountered while processing:  /var/cache/apt/archives/libjline-java_1.0-1_all.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)  $ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies:  bsh : Depends: libjline-java but it is not installed  groovy : Depends: libjline-java but it is not installed  rhino : Depends: libjline-java but it is not installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.


My friend's built something impressive and I want to see it. However, they built it a long way from the spawn point and they've forgotten how to get to it from there. They're afraid that if they leave it, they'll lose it too.  How can I find my way to them?  [I am aware this is a duplicate of , but that question's locked so I can't add my solution. Apologies.]

We are playing multiplayer on a local wifi on Minecraft PE. Since it is an unlimited world size, when a new player joins the world we cannot find each other. Is there an easy way to find each other or teleport to where player is?


Toshiba Satellite laptop with Windows 8, I am trying to install Ubuntu 14.04.  I set the Boot mode to CSM boot, turning off secure boot.  The computer boots up on my USB stick to the Ununtu menu, but when I select install or try live the screen goes blank and that's it.  I've tried several times.  So far not a fan of UEFI ;-P  Thanks in advance Jake

I am trying to boot Ubuntu on my computer.  When I boot Ubuntu, it boots to a black screen.  How can I fix this? Table of Contents:


Let $P(x,y,1)$ and $Q(x,y,z)$ lies on the curve $\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{y^2}{4}=4$ and $\displaystyle \frac{x+2}{1}=\frac{\sqrt{3}-y}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{z-1}{2}$ respectively. Then the square of minimum distance between $P$ and $Q$ is   process i try  parametric coordinate for ellipse is $\displaystyle x = 6\cos \theta,y=4\sin \theta$  and line is $x=\lambda-2,y=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}\lambda,z=2\lambda+1$  how do i solve it help me

Let $P(x, y, 1)$ and $Q(x, y, z)$ lie on the curves $$\frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{y^2}{4}=4$$ and $$\frac{x+2}{1}=\frac{y-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{z-1}{2}$$ respectively. Then find the square of the minimum distance between $P$ and $Q$.  My Attempt is:  I tried to find minimum distance between the points $(-2,\sqrt{3})$ and $(6\cos \theta,4\sin \theta)$.


I am trying to migrate my windows 10 OS to my SSD for the usual reasons. I've been following the EaseUS tutorial and I've managed to clone my HDD to my SSD (using easeUS TODO software). The problem I am facing is that I can't select the SSD to boot from. I've tried using the Windows Boot Options menu, but I never get the "Use another operating system" option. None of the other methods for setting the boot media recognize the SSD as something to boot from. How can I get my pc to recognize the SSD? Or is there a better tool to do this migration?

I am trying to migrate my current C drive with Windows 10 installed (250GB M.2 SSD) to a 1TB M.2 SSD. Both are physically installed in my PC.  I used Macrium Reflect to clone the drive to the new SSD, which was successful as they were both identical (except the extra unallocated space in the new drive). I made sure that the new drive was GPT.  I then restarted, and in the boot menu changed the boot priority to the 1TB SSD, with the 250GB SSD as second priority. The boot mode is in UEFI.  However, it didn't work and when booting, the windows icon was still next to the 250GB SSD meaning it had booted from that drive.  I then opened my PC and physically disconnected the 250GB SSD. When I started up the computer again it gave me a "Recovery - your PC needs to be repaired" error, so obviously it was not able to boot from the 1TB drive at all and was going into recovery mode instead when it couldn't find the second priority boot.   I then reconnected the 250GB SSD, but instead of booting it in second priority, I disabled it in the boot menu. But this still didn't work and windows is still booting from this drive (evidenced by the windows icon next to it).  I am at a loss as to why even after disabling it in the boot menu it is still booting from this drive and why cloning, setting the new drive as GPT and ensuring it is booting in UEFI doesn't seem to be working. I've spent hours googling this and am at a loss! Any tips would be greatly appreciated!  Thanks


I have installed VMware workstation 12 player in my windows 10 Home 64 bit. My processor is AMD.   Whenever I try to run the virtual machine it shows error saying I have to disable credential guard.    However, Credential guard was already turned off .     I did not find Device Guard option in Local Group Policy to disable it.    Please help me run Virtual Machine in my windows 10 Home 64 bit.

I get the following error from VMware Player. A solution would be to run the commands mentioned in the thread below. Is there some other way to do this however? I do not wan't to mess around to much since I wan't to be able to restore all settings to their previous values later.


I want to span a cell across two rows using multicolumn. This works but the borders are missing then.  \begin{tabular}{|c|c|}     \hline     \multicolumn{2}{c}{Multi-column}\\     X&X\\     \hline \end{tabular}   Why does multicolumn omit the borders and how do I get the borders?

The vertical line at the end of the cell where i used cell merge is missing.


To use ToC in a pdf using XeTeX compiler I have to compile document twice to get correct table of content and page number. According to an article about  one can get a appropriate result in single build by adding -pdf option on latexmk.     Note: For the table of contents to work properly you must compile the document twice or use latexmk -pdf   but unfortunately I can't find equivalent option for XeTeX.

I'm trying to make latexmk works with XeLaTeX and biber for my thesis. The document will have many cross references. What settings do I need to ensure it works correctly? My current settings for latexmk are below.  -e  $pdflatex=q/pdflatex -synctex=1 %O %S/ -pdf $fullname


I'm going to try my best with roleplaying a crazy Scientist. However I have got a problem with 'Science talk'. I was wondering, are there any techniques or guidelines for nerd/technical talk, which does not irritate other players, or sound just too cheesy (when used by someone who does not have so much technical knowledge)?  We are a small group which will create a rebel cell.  My character is a  scientist (chemist and physicist) previously working for the Empire.  Unappreciated by the Empire because of his race he joined the Rebels.  He thinks that the Empire should regret ever doubting his genius.

On occasion, I've had reason to describe obviously fictional technical processes in-character. I'd like to be able to describe on these occasions without sounding like I'm saying utter gibberish. But it's not straightforward to do, particularly if I have to make stuff up on the spot.   How do I do it?


Let's take the example of a Sorcerer 2/Cleric 1. The Sorcerer/Cleric can "burn" his or her spell slots in order to obtain a single 5th level spell slot using Flexible Casting. Would RAW only allow them to prepare 1st level Cleric spells, or would it allow them to prepare Cleric spells of up to 5th level because the 5th level slot is not from the Sorcerer's "Spellcasting" feature?

The "Your Spellbook" sidebar for the wizard includes the following line:  Copying a Spell into the Book. When you find a wizard spell of 1st level or higher, you can add it to your spellbook if it is of a level for which you have spell slots and if you can spare the time to decipher and copy it.  Does this mean that a Wizard 1/Cleric 19 can copy any wizard spell they find into their spellbook? Is there anything preventing them from casting these spells?


I recently answered the wrong question, and tried to delete the answer. However, in the "Stack Exchange" App, there is no button for deleting a answer as on the website, also not at the button labeled "More". Why is this?  Here the screenshot from the web version with the "Delete" Button.    Here the mobile version.    And here the "More" Submenu.

Currently, the only way to vote to delete (and undelete, since you can't see deleted posts) in the Android app is to open the post in a browser, and then vote to delete from there.  Can we get delete vote functionality within the app, as well as the ability to delete our own posts?  Worth to mention: users , so it's possible in the API.  Related:


How would I remove all Unicode from this string【Hello!】★ ああああ I need to remove all the "weird" symbols (【, ★, 】) and keep "Hello!" and "ああああ". This needs to work for all languages not just Japanese.

How can I use Unicode-aware regular expressions in JavaScript?  For example, there should be something akin to \w that can match any code-point in Letters or Marks category (not just the ASCII ones), and hopefully have filters like [[P*]] for punctuation, etc.


We're a bunch of friends building an RC boat, this may sound stupid but I had an argument with a friend where he insisted that his design will work.  Basically, he's saying that by putting a powerfull fan and a piece of tissue as a sail, when the fan will blow air into it, the boat will move.  What do you think?

How it this possible? Even if the gif is fake, the Mythbusters did it and with a large sail it really moves forward. What is the explanation?


we have huge file as  du -sh *  7.7G    HDP-2.6.5.0-centos7-rpm.tar.gz   and we want to separate the file to 5 files as  HDP1 HDP2 HDP3 HDP4 HDP5   and later I want to revert all HDP* to HDP-2.6.5.0-centos7-rpm.tar.gz  how to separate the file - HDP-2.6.5.0-centos7-rpm.tar.gz to 5 files ?  the aim of this task is to transfer the files by network  because if we transfer file that more then 5G , then we faced transferring problem

I need to backup a fairly large directory, but I am limited by the size of individual files. I'd like to essentially create a tar.(gz|bz2) archive which is split into 200MB maximum archives. Clonezilla does something similar to this by splitting image backups named like so:  sda1.backup.tar.gz.aa sda1.backup.tar.gz.ab sda1.backup.tar.gz.ac   Is there a way I can do this in one command? I understand how to use the split command, but I'd like to not have to create one giant archive, then split it into smaller archives, as this would double the disk space I'd need in order to initially create the archive.


What do I need to get multi-cast DNS on Windows (7) including the Windows box announcing its name in the .local domain?  I am not so much interested in the service discovery part. It would be nice bonus, but what I need is the computers to be able to refer to each other by name. They have dynamic IP addresses assigned, but the router does not support DNS.  The only things I could find with Google and looked somewhat official is "Bonjour print services", which is not obvious whether it is what I need. And then there is a bunch of downloads of various versions where I can't verify whether they are valid.  Note that mDNS works fine for the computers attached on the network so while it would be possible to find another solution, getting mDNS on the Windows box is strongly preferred.

I've got some Linux servers on my home network that I access via "hostname.local", however when using a Windows machine they can't seem to resolve this unless I go via IP address.  How do I make it so my windows machine can resolve hostname.local addresses? I know how to edit C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts but surely there's got to be some automatic way to make Windows just find these machines?


The information is good coming in. I debug it and get to the first writer and get a null exception, it is probably something very simple any comments and help would be appreciated.  public Json writeGame(Ship ship, Array<EnemyPlanes> enemyPlanesArray,                           FinalEnemy finalEnemy,int Level, int Difficulty){         Json json = new Json();         json.writeValue("Level", Level);         json.writeValue("Difficulty", Difficulty);         json.writeObjectStart(Ship.class,null);         json.writeField(ship.position.x, "X", float.class);         json.writeField(ship.position.y, "Y", float.class);         json.writeField(ship.hits, "Hits", int.class);         json.writeField(ship.missiles_OnBoard, "Missiles", int.class);         json.writeField(Constants.PLANE_MISSILES_ALLOWED, "Max Missiles", int.class);         json.writeField(Constants.PLANE_BULLETS_ALLOWED, "Max Bullets", int.class);         json.writeObjectEnd();          return json;     }   The stack trace is as follows:  Exception in thread "LWJGL Application" java.lang.NullPointerException     at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.Json.writeValue(Json.java:376)     at com.howlers.areoplanewars.game.Management.GameSave.writeGame(GameSave.java:85)     at com.howlers.areoplanewars.game.Stages.GameStage.(GameStage.java:103)     at com.howlers.areoplanewars.game.Screens.GameScreen.(GameScreen.java:23)     at com.howlers.areoplanewars.game.AreoplaneWars.create(AreoplaneWars.java:50)     at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop(LwjglApplication.java:147)     at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run(LwjglApplication.java:124)  This line is the problem, which means it is all a problem:  json.writeValue("Level", Level);

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


I don't know how to solve the following problem. Suppose that dim(V) = n and W = $\mathbb{R}$. The vectorspace V* = Hom(V, $\mathbb{R}$) is called the dual space of V. An element $\phi$ $\in$ V* is called a (linear) functional. Now, suppose that v, w $\in$ V such that $\phi$(v) = $\phi$(w) for all $\phi$ $\in$ V*. Can we conclude that v = w?  Thanks for your help.

Good day, I want to prove the following theorem:  1) For any nonzero vector $ v \in V $, there exists a linear funtional $ f \in V^*$ for wich $f(v) \neq 0 $  I know that if $f$ is a lineal functional then we have 2 posibilities   1)$\dim \ker(f)=\dim V$   2)$\dim \ker(f)=\dim V-1$   I've tried to suppose that, for all $v \neq 0 $ and $f \in V^*$ We have $f(v)=0$,  Then  $Im(f)=0$ for all $f \in V^*$ and $ v \in V$ but then the only linear functional is $f=0$ ($V^*=\{0:V \to F\}$) and from this follows: $\dim \ker(f)=\dim V$.  But 2) suggest the existence of a linear functional which $\dim \ker(f)=\dim V-1$, so ¿is that the contradiction?


Nikon D5100 (which I am thinking to buy) has a vari-angle LCD monitor. What benefit does it add? Can you take your own self-portrait snaps like this? Is it practical or is it a non-cashable worth-nothing feature?

In my opinion an articulated display (one that rotates to allow viewing at different angles) is a big advantage for a modern camera. But I see that most professional and/or more expensive cameras do not offer it.   An articulated display is a long-time standard feature for all video camcorders, yet most modern DSLRs with video capabilities offer no such feature.   What is the reason for not making the articulated display a 'standard" feature on any high-end camera?


I wonder whether my 2 nameservers need a PTR record. As you may know the PTR record or reverse DNS is important for mail server hostname as it improves chances for your outgoing emails to be accepted by major email providers.   I also wonder if there are any cases where the PTR records (aka rDns) are checked against nameservers.  I have checked PTR records for the nameservers of big online companies and found that they all have a PTR record in place for all of their nameservers. (I think about the nameservers from Cloudflare, Cisco, Microsoft among others...). Note that i talk about nameservers and not about mail servers.

I have not yet experienced any DNS failures due to a missing PTR record, but am wondering:   Is there any added value in having a valid PTR record on a nameserver IP-address?


Is there a dedicated site which focuses on networking solutions?  I need to set up my application in a distributed environment and make sure all requests are sent via a given list of servers. This requires lot of activities related to networking, about which I hardly know anything.

There seems to be more than a few computer science/programming Stack Exchange networks (is that the correct term?). Stack Overflow, being the first, has by far the most users, questions, and answers.  What is the reasoning for creating the others, and are there clear guidelines for which kinds of questions should be posted? I can see a large amount of potential overflow, many cases of people not getting a good answer to their question, because the person who has the answer isn't browsing that particular network at the moment.  I understand that they were probably created for organizational purposes, but wouldn't it almost make more sense to just have them as categories under Stack Overflow, keep them separated but still connected, instead of making people have to create multiple 'account's, one for each network?  I am sure there was a very good reason to break them up, but as someone that is new to SE, it can be somewhat intimidating to decide which one to post in to ensure you get a good answer. For example, if I am a computer science student, my first instinct might to be to post in the computer science network, until I see that it literally has 1% of the users as the Stack Overflow network, which still seems to be for programming/computer science related questions.  So my second instinct would then to be to post it into the Stack Overflow site on the basis that I have a significantly higher chance of my question being seen and getting a good answer. Then I notice that there is also a 'programmers' network, and I don't even begin to know where that fits in. I, and I am assuming most people, will probably just post on Stack Overflow to be safe.  My question is, other than the short little description blurb of each one, is there a clear cut set of guidelines which what each network is intended for, what kinds of questions should go to each one, and is anything being done to encourage people to post in these newer, smaller (more specialized?) networks as opposed to just posting in big daddy Stack Overflow?  Now again, this is for computer science/programming/"why isn't this code doing what I want?" related questions, I am not saying that if I had a question about Linux or WordPress or something I would have the same confusion.


Why is the material in J1407 b's or Saturn's rings stay in a disk not scattered? Is it the gravity and/or magnetic field that causes this? Does it differ with other large bodies that might not have a electromagnetic field?

If Earth had rings, would they center on the equator like Saturn's rings do on its equator?


We have to create a fruit composition with peaches, apricots and medlars. How many ways is it possible to create a basket of 20 pieces, under the condition that there are at least 6 peaches, at least 4 apricots and at least 2 medlars?  My solution: I named with $a =$ number of apricots; $n =$ number of medlars, and $p =$ number of peaches. The condition want that into a basket I must to have $12$ fruits: $6+4+2=12$. I have thinked that there are class 8 repetition combinations of the 3 '$abc$' objects i.e.. I know that for the combinations (without repetitions) there is a formula: $$C_{n,k} = \frac{D_{n,k}}{P_k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = {n \choose k}$$ and with repetitions $$C'_{n,k}=\binom {n+k-1}{n-1}=\binom {8+3-1}{8-1}=C'_{8,3}=\binom {10}{7}$$ The result is $45$ but $\binom {10}{7}=120$.  My level of combination theory is low. I have never made combinations with repetition. I ask you if my reasoning is right, if there is another solution and what I did wrong.

$n+k-1 \choose k$  ${{n+k-1}\choose{k-1}}$  ${{n+k-1}\choose{n}}$  So I've been using $n+k-1 \choose k$ to r pick k objects from n objects allowing repetitions. In the following question though   How many ways are there to pick r objects from n objects when  repetitions are allowed and either both the first and the second  objects appear exactly once or both do not appear?   I was told that     If you want to select r objects from n and the order doesn't matter   and each object can be reapeted than the general formula is: ${{n+k-1}\choose{k-1}}$ or ${{n+k-1}\choose{n}}$   and now I'm just a bit confused on the difference between them, and the usage  cases. I am a beginner so a simple explanation would be appreciated!


I tried to favorite , it kept giving me an error saying the question is already favorited.

I'm not sure whether this is exactly the same bug as  or whether this is a new bug.  If you up vote a question and then attempt to add it to favorites too you get Question is already favorited:    This also happens if you up vote on the web site and then try to favorite it from Android. If you don't up vote or if you favorite it first and then up vote it appears to work fine.


Should I write/say "Island of Guernsay", "Island of Madagascar", "Island of Taiwan", etc. or is it OK to write/say "Island Guernsay", "Island Taiwan", etc without "OF" as it is in German and Dutch? (Sorry, English is not my native language)

Some islands are called isle like "Isle of Man", "Isle of Tortuga" and the "British Isles". Other islands are called island, like "Island of Malta" or "Island of Cyprus".  What is the difference between the words? How to know if a land mass confined by water is called an isle or an island?


I have a seemingly simple code which iterates through a list of feature classes and calculates an ID field in the attribute table that is equal to the first 5 characters of feature class name.  The script works fine if I hard code the workspace.  As soon as I change it to "Get Parameter as Text"  I receive this error:  ERROR 000539: Error running expression: expression : name 'expression' is not defined Failed to execute (CalculateField).  The script is:  import arcpy, sys, array, time, datetime  #Get feature dataset inws = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(0)  #Set geoprocessing environments arcpy.env.workspace = inws arcpy.env.overwriteOutput = True  #Iterate through the list of feature classes  fcList = arcpy.ListFeatureClasses()  for fc in fcList:     print str("processing" + fc)  #Define field and expression field = "SID" expression = str(fc[:5])  #Create a new field name and expression arcpy.AddField_management(fc, field, "TEXT") arcpy.CalculateField_management(fc, field, "expression", "PYTHON")   does anyone know what is going on here? Thanks!

I'm using ArcGIS 10.3.1 for Desktop to test before writing an answer to  I have written the test code below that I am running against a test feature class (testFC) with four line features to try and update its dateField with a constant date value of "01.07.2015".  import arcpy  dmyString = "01.07.2015" fc = r"C:\temp\test.gdb\testFC" item = "dateField"  dmyDate = datetime.datetime.strptime(dmyString,'%d.%m.%Y') print dmyDate  arcpy.CalculateField_management(fc,item,dmyDate,"PYTHON")  with arcpy.da.SearchCursor(fc,[item]) as cursor:     for row in cursor:         print row[0]   I think the above should work, and from the output below you can see that the date object (dmyDate) seems to be created fine, but the values written to each of the four features are not what I would expect.  >>> ================================ RESTART ================================ >>>  2015-07-01 00:00:00 1899-12-30 00:00:00 1899-12-30 00:00:00 1899-12-30 00:00:00 1899-12-30 00:00:00 >>>    Can someone explain why 1899-12-30 00:00:00 is being written instead of 2015-07-01 00:00:00?  The attribute table displays as below:    If I replace the CalculateField line above with either:  arcpy.CalculateField_management(fc,item,"date '2015-07-01 00:00:00'","PYTHON")   or  arcpy.CalculateField_management(fc,item,"date '2015/07/01 00:00:00'","PYTHON")   as per @Vince's comments I receive an error:  Traceback (most recent call last):   File "C:\temp\test.py", line 11, in <module>     arcpy.CalculateField_management(fc,item,"date '2015-07-01 00:00:00'","PYTHON")   File "C:\Program Files (x86)\ArcGIS\Desktop10.3\ArcPy\arcpy\management.py", line 3457, in CalculateField     raise e ExecuteError: ERROR 000539: SyntaxError: invalid syntax (<expression>, line 1) Failed to execute (CalculateField).


After writing a very long answer (as the initial answer was producing lots of questions), I wanted to add a table of contents to ease browsing the answer. But I was unable to create HTML anchors for the various sections. Is there any way to do that. The anchors I created by editing were simply erased when I posted.  I did read several questions, and their answers, about anchoring. But, at best, I just got a vague negative feeling.

I admit this feature request is probably somewhat limited in useful scope, but I'm throwing it out there anyway. Inspired by , and because I want to use it on , I'm requesting that name be supported on a tags in posts.  On very long answers, such as the closing/migration guidance answer, this would allow direct linking to the specific closure reason. This would then allow us, when someone , to link directly to the appropriate reason and description thereof.  I recognize the limited scope of this, however, I have seen other long answers that could stand to have that kind of "deep" linking ability as well.  (The original incarnation of this post had either name or id, but preferenced name. Per Koper's answer, which I agree with, I took out the idea of supporting id, because Koper's right -- too dangerous.)


I have a skew variable and I want to use box-cox transformation (log) but around 50 observation out of 200 are between 0 and 1.  My initial thought was to add a constant to all observations before taking the log. Is it a good idea?  If I do add this constant, how can I determine the back transformation function?

I have analysed my data as they are. Now I want to look at my analyses after taking the log of all variables. Many variables contain many zeros. Therefore I add a small quantity to avoid taking the log of zero.   So far I've added 10^-10, without any rationale really, just because I felt like adding a very small quantity would be advisable to minimize the effect of my arbitrarily chosen quantity. But some variables contain mostly zeros, and therefore when logged mostly -23.02. The range of the ranges of my variables is 1.33-8819.21, and the frequency of zeroes also varies dramatically. Therefore my personal choice of "small quantity" affects the variables very differently. It is clear now that 10^-10 is a completely unacceptable choice, as most of the variance in all the variables then comes from this arbitrary "small quantity".  I wonder what would be a more correct way of doing this.  Maybe it's better to derive the quantity from each variables individual distribution? Are there any guidelines about how big this "small quantity" should be?  My analyses are mostly simple cox models with each variable and age/sex as IVs. The variables are the concentrations of various blood lipids, with often considerable coefficients of variation.  Edit: Adding the smallest non-zero value of the variable seems practical for my data. But maybe there is a general solution?  Edit 2: As the zeros merely indicate concentrations below the detection limit, maybe setting them to (detection limit)/2 would be appropriate?


Is there a chroma key function in Blender? This would not only make an object with the chroma key color invisible (alpha = zero), but also any (part of an) object that happens to be behind the chroma key object.  I need this in a 2D set-up, to make text glide from behind an invisible wall against a zero alpha background. If there is another, simpler technique to obtain the same effect, all the better!

I would like my mountain to be invisible after rendering. And I want just Objects in front of it (like trees) to be seen, but not behind the mountain.


Have following table  PkId   ProfileId    Status   Amount 1         234          0      10 2         235          1      100 3         236          0      50 4         236          1      80 5         237          0      70   For row number 3 and 4 Profile Id is same but I want in resultset it should consider row having value 0 so whereever we have rows where Profile Id is same it should pick row where status =0 And for rest of the rows it should pick as it is.  Expected Result Set:   PkId   ProfileId    Status   Amount     1         234          0      10     2         235          1      100     3         236          0      50     5         237          0      70   In expected result set row number 4 has to be omitted because :   236 Id at 4 is already there row number 3 Value of Status is 1 in row number 4.

Table:   UserId, Value, Date.   I want to get the UserId, Value for the max(Date) for each UserId. That is, the Value for each UserId that has the latest date. Is there a way to do this simply in SQL? (Preferably Oracle)  Update: Apologies for any ambiguity: I need to get ALL the UserIds. But for each UserId, only that row where that user has the latest date.


Is anybody to give a insight, please?     $8.9$. Let $\ell$ be an even positive integer. Express $$\sum_{k=0}^n\sum_{i=0}^\ell(-1)^i\binom{n}k^2\binom{2k}i\binom{2n-2k}{\ell-i}$$ in closed form.   [source]

Let $\ell$ be an even positive integer.  Express $$\sum_{k=0}^n\sum_{i=0}^\ell (-1)^i\binom{n}{k}^2\binom{2k}{i}\binom{2n-2k}{\ell-i}$$in closed form.   Is anybody to give a insight, please? [A Path to Combinatorics for Undergraduates] p.192 problem 8.9


I want to take a float that can be entered by the user to any acceptable number of decimal places and format it so that it is only two decimal places. I am able to do this by converting it to a String but I want to keep it as a float and was wondering if there was an easier way to do this than changing from float to string and then back to a float?

What I would like is a method to convert a double to a string which rounds using the half-up method - i.e. if the decimal to be rounded is 5, it always rounds up to the next number. This is the standard method of rounding most people expect in most situations.  I also would like only significant digits to be displayed - i.e. there should not be any trailing zeroes.  I know one method of doing this is to use the String.format method:  String.format("%.5g%n", 0.912385);   returns:  0.91239   which is great, however it always displays numbers with 5 decimal places even if they are not significant:   String.format("%.5g%n", 0.912300);   returns:  0.91230   Another method is to use the DecimalFormatter:  DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#.#####"); df.format(0.912385);   returns:  0.91238   However as you can see this uses half-even rounding. That is it will round down if the previous digit is even. What I'd like is this:  0.912385 -> 0.91239 0.912300 -> 0.9123   What is the best way to achieve this in Java?


I found the proof following about infinite prime numbers of form $p = 4m+3$ I tried to find it somewhere on mathstack and I found identical proof but not answer to my question. Assume that number of prime numbers in form $4m+3$ is finite, then consider product $$M_k = (4 \cdot 3 \cdot 5\cdot...\cdot p_k) -1$$ We have that $M_k \equiv3(mod\;4)$ So there has to be some prime factor $p = 4m+3$ which  divides $M_k$ and it's bigger than $p_k$. Contradiction. And my question is: why it has to be bigger than $p_k$ ?  I tried to rewrite $\frac{M_k}{p}$ but I wasn't able to prove that $p > p_k$ could you please give me a hand with telling me why ?

I read the proof of, that there are infinitely many primes of form $4n+3$ and it goes :     Proof. In anticipation of a contradiction, let us assume that there exist only finitely many primes of the form $4n+3$; call them $q_1,q_2,\ldots ,q_s$. Consider the positive integer $$N=4q_1q_2\cdots q_s -1 = 4(q_1q_2\cdots q_s -1)+3$$ and let $N=r_1r_2\cdots r_t$ be its prime factorization. Because $N$ is an odd integer, we have $r_k\ne 2$ for all $k$, so that each $r_k$ is either of the form $4n+1$ or $4n+3$. By the lemma, the product of any number of primes of the form $4n+1$ is again an integer of this type. For $N$ to take the form $4n+3$, as it clearly does, $N$ must contain at least one prime factor $r_i$ of the form $4n+3$. But $r_i$ cannot be found among the listing $q_1,q_2,\ldots ,q_s$, for this would lead to the contradiction that $r_i \mid 1$. The only possible conclusion is that there are infinitely many primes of the form $4n+3$.   $q_1,q_2,\ldots ,q_s$ I need an explanation from last three line i.e. .   They said that:   $q_{1},q_{2}, \cdots ,q_{s}$ is of the form $4n+3$ (let). $r_{i}$ is of form $4n+3$ (at least one). $r_{i}$ cannot be found in listing $q_{1},q_{2}, \cdots ,q_{s}$   And lemma they used is:  The product of two or more integers of the form $4n+1$ is of the same form.  My problems:   If above two holds then why $r_{i}$ cannot be found in listing $q_{1},q_{2}, \cdots ,q_{s}$. And how $r_{i}|1$ If all this holds then why $q's$ are infinite.   Please give the most elementary explanation as you can, any help worth a lot to me, Thanks.  (I took this from David M. Burton book).


A friend asked me for help...  Problem  Given a document class like book.  Consider the package biblatex calling the option backend=bibtex.  (My .bib-file is written in bibtex format i.e. @article{...}.)  Is it possible to have the bibliography as follows:     Family Name, Initials. (Year). Title. Journal, Volume(Number), Pages.   Examples  As an example with one aurthor:     Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? Harvard Business Review, 74(1), 61-78.   As an example with two authors:     McMullen, J. S. & Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 132-152.   Code  The .tex-file looks like:  \documentclass[12pt]{book} \usepackage[backend=bibtex]{biblatex} \bibliography{Bibliography.bib} \begin{document} Reference:~\cite{ItemName} \printbibliography \end{document}   The .bib-file looks like:  @article{ItemName, title = {Title}, year = {Year}, journal = {Journal}, author = {Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. and Graebner, Melissa E.}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2008.0355}, number = {Number}, pages = {Pages}, volume = {Volume}, publisher = {Publisher}, url = {http://www.google.de} }

What do I have to write in the preamble to bring the bibliography to make parentheses around the volume number of an article? I'm using the authoryear style.  Here is an example:  \begin{filecontents}{filename.bib} @article{Billio.2012, author = {Billio, Monica and Getmansky, Mila and Lo, Andrew W. and Pelizzon, Loriana}, year = {2012}, title = {Econometric measures of connectedness and systemic risk in the finance and insurance sectors}, pages = {535--559}, volume = {104}, number = {3}, journal = {Journal of Financial Economics} } \end{filecontents}  \documentclass{article} \usepackage[hyperref=true,             maxcitenames=4,             isbn=false,             dashed=false,             style=authoryear,             backend=bibtex,             firstinits=true]{biblatex} \bibliography{filename.bib} \begin{document} \cite{Billio.2012} \newpage \renewcommand\refname{List of Literature} \printbibliography[heading=bibintoc] \end{document}   Any help is appreciated.


I wish to show     $A=\dfrac{\mathbb{C}[x,y,z]}{x^5+y^3+z^2}$ is UFD   What I have tried so far:  I was thinking of applying Nagata's criterion. Indeed, $-(x^5+y^3)$ cannot be a square in $\mathbb{C}[x,y]$. Hence $A$ is a domain. Note that $$\frac{A}{xA}=\frac{\mathbb{C}[x,y,z]}{(x,x^5+y^3+z^2)} \cong \frac{\mathbb{C}[y,z]}{y^3+z^2}$$ which is a domain as $-y^3$ is not a square in $\mathbb{C}[y]$. Hence $x$ is a prime in $A$. Thus enough to check $A[\frac1x]$ is a UFD. Now I am stuck here. I cannot simplify the ring $A[\frac1x]$.  Any help/ suggestions to tackle this problem.

How can I show given a field $K$ that $(K[x,y,z]/(x^2+y^3+z^7))_{(x,y,z)}$   is a UFD?   I found that statement in a Wikipedia page so i'm not 100% sure it's true, maybe it's true for some field only?


I need to show that Every derivative $\delta : L \to L $ for finite semisimple Lie algebra $L$ over $\Bbb C $ is inner automorphism.  when Inner automorphism is defined by  $exp(ad_x)= \sum_{j=0}^{k-1}  ad_x^j/j!$   when $ad_x$ nilpotent with nilpotent degree of $k$  for all $x \in L$ when $ad_x:L \to L , ad_x(y)=[x,y] $

First recall some definitions :   Let $B$ be a Killing form on Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ over ${\bf R}$ such that     $B(X,Y)\doteq Tr(ad_Xad_Y)$.   $\mathfrak{g}$ is semisimple if $B$ is non-degenerate.   Define $\partial \mathfrak{g} \doteq \{ D | D[X,Y]=[DX,Y] + [X,DY] \}$ Clearly it contains $ad(\mathfrak{g})\doteq \{ ad_X | X\in \mathfrak{g}\}$.   My question is about proof of $\partial \mathfrak{g}=ad(\mathfrak{g})$ :   I am reading Helgason's book. We can show that $ ad(\mathfrak{g}) = \mathfrak{g}$ easily.   I cannot proceed the proof since $B$ is defined on $\mathfrak{g}$ only.  How can I complete the proof ? Thank you in advance.


Is it possible to adjust desktop monitor brightness like on laptops? Yes all desktop monitors have separate menu for it. But is it possible to change this to something like Winkey+(F1..F12)?    Monitor is connected via VGA or DVI cable.   OS: Ubuntu 14.04 Desktop monitors

I have Ubuntu 12.10  I need an application/software that can increase and decrease my brightness.  I know I can do it through my pc monitor but I don't want that. I want to control it through a software.  I personally cannot find an application about this issue.  I know that it is possible because the OS has the Fading effects before Screen Savers.     I want to control brightness through a software for desktop pc.


I want to use ReadProcessMemory function to fill this struct.      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)] public struct WinMineGameStruct {     [FieldOffset(0x118)]     public Int32 xPressed;     [FieldOffset(0x118)]     public Int32 yPressed;     [FieldOffset(0x140)]     public Int32 MouseDown;     [FieldOffset(0x160)]     public Int32 GameStatus;     [FieldOffset(0x164)]     public Int32 IsInGame;     [FieldOffset(0x194)]     public Int32 MinesLeft;     [FieldOffset(0x330)]     public Int32 LevelMines;     [FieldOffset(0x334)]     public Int32 Colls;     [FieldOffset(0x338)]     public Int32 Rows;     [FieldOffset(0x6a0)]     public Int32 GameType;     [FieldOffset(0x6cc)]     public Int32 EasyBestScore;     [FieldOffset(0x6d0)]     public Int32 MediumBestScore;     [FieldOffset(0x6d4)]     public Int32 HardBestScore;     [FieldOffset(0x6d8)]     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 64)]     public Char[] PlayerEasyName;     [FieldOffset(0x718)]     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 64)]     public Char[] PlayerMediumName;     [FieldOffset(0x758)]     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 64)]     public Char[] PlayerHardName;     [FieldOffset(0x798)]     public Int32 NumLastHitDiscovered;     [FieldOffset(0x79c)]     public Int32 TimePlayed;     [FieldOffset(0x7a4)]     public Int32 DiscoveredFields; }   I know how to read byte array, int, string, short, and so on. I want to know how to convert byte array to this struct.

What would be the best way to fill a C# struct from a byte[] array where the data was from a C/C++ struct?  The C struct would look something like this (my C is very rusty):  typedef OldStuff {     CHAR Name[8];     UInt32 User;     CHAR Location[8];     UInt32 TimeStamp;     UInt32 Sequence;     CHAR Tracking[16];     CHAR Filler[12]; }   And would fill something like this:  [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 56, Pack = 1)] public struct NewStuff {     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)]     [FieldOffset(0)]     public string Name;      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]     [FieldOffset(8)]     public uint User;      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)]     [FieldOffset(12)]     public string Location;      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]     [FieldOffset(20)]     public uint TimeStamp;      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]     [FieldOffset(24)]     public uint Sequence;      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 16)]     [FieldOffset(28)]     public string Tracking; }   What is best way to copy OldStuff to NewStuff, if OldStuff was passed as byte[] array?  I'm currently doing something like the following, but it feels kind of clunky.  GCHandle handle; NewStuff MyStuff;  int BufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NewStuff)); byte[] buff = new byte[BufferSize];  Array.Copy(SomeByteArray, 0, buff, 0, BufferSize);  handle = GCHandle.Alloc(buff, GCHandleType.Pinned);  MyStuff = (NewStuff)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(NewStuff));  handle.Free();   Is there better way to accomplish this?    Would using the BinaryReader class offer any performance gains over pinning the memory and using Marshal.PtrStructure?


What would be a proper way to check/uncheck checkbox that's placed inside the element that triggers my function?  Here's my code:

     <input type="checkbox" name="news[1]" />	     TEXT

  $("#news_list tr").click(function() {     var ele = $(this).find('input');     if(ele.is(':checked')){         ele.removeAttr('checked');         $(this).removeClass('admin_checked');     }else{         ele.attr('checked', 'checked');         $(this).addClass('admin_checked');     } });   The problem is I can check and uncheck each box only once. After I've checked and unchecked sometimes it still does add/remove class, but never checking a box again (even when I click on checkbox, not table row).  I've tried using .bind('click') trigger, but it's the same result.  Any solutions?

I'd like to do something like this to tick a checkbox using jQuery:  $(".myCheckBox").checked(true);   or  $(".myCheckBox").selected(true);   Does such a thing exist?


there is a dark effect on the yellow color in this photo  would you mind help me to draw like it in illustrator?

I want to create a noise effect using Adobe Illustrator.  Inside the hexagonal shape there is some kind of texture effect, I don't know what the name of this effect is:    How can I create such an effect in Adobe Illustrator? or is it created using Photoshop?


Suppose I have $f \in L^1\cap L^\infty$, and I want to take the following limit $$\lim_{h\to0} \int|f(x+h)-f(x)|dx$$  Does this follow from the dominated convergence theorem? Since $|f(x+h)-f(x)| \leq |f(x+h)|+|f(x)|$, and $\|f(x+h)\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R})}<\infty$ and $\|f(x)\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R})}<\infty$, we then have $$\lim_{h\to0} \int|f(x+h)-f(x)|dx =  \int\lim_{h\to0}|f(x+h)-f(x)|dx = 0$$?  I'm not convinced, and I think a better argument would be to involve the density of continuous function in $L^1$. If the approach in this post does not work, can anyone explain why?

Let $f\in L^1$, consider the map $t\mapsto f_t=f(x-t)$, then how can one show that $t\mapsto f_t$ is continuous? More explicitly one wants to show that $\lim_{h\to 0}|f_{t+h}-f_t|_{L^1}=0$. I tried to use approximation by $C_0(\mathbb{R})$ functions $g^n$ to approximate $f$ in $L^1$ norm. Then one has $\lim_{h\to 0}|g^n_{t+h}-g^n_t|_{L^1}=0$, but then I came across the problem: how can one show that the two limits can exchange so that one has $$\lim_{h\to 0}|f_{t+h}-f_t|_{L^1}=\lim_{h\to 0}\lim_{n\to\infty}|g^n_{t+h}-g^n_t|_{L^1}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\lim_{h\to 0}|g^n_{t+h}-g^n_t|_{L^1}=0.$$  Can someone help me with some conditions on which two limits can be exchanged, or do you have a better way of proving the continuity? Thank you!


My opponent is at 1 life. He controls a  and 2 other creatures (1/1 tokens). In his second main phase, he puts  on the Plague Spitter and passes the turn.  In my turn I do nothing that changes his board.  Will my opponents die in his next upkeep phase, due to the 1 damage dealt by the Plague Spitter, or will he be able to gain life from his other creatures (and me) taking damage before he takes damage?

Player A has 3 life left. Player B attacks with a  that has been enchanted by Player A's . Does player B win, or does nothing happen?  On the one hand, "whenever" makes it sound like the trigger (dealing damage) and the effect (healing damage) happen simultaneously.  On the other hand, combat damage doesn't go on the stack, while most other things do. So, possibly the combat damage is dealt, state-based actions are checked, and now it's too late for the Soul Link effect to heal player A.  If anyone knows which way is correct, my thanks!


Is there a way to override a stream operator like << or >> by using other class methods, such as read() and write()?  For example,  //In the header file class Customer {     void read(istream &, Customer &);     istream & operator>>(Customer &) = read();      void write(ostream &, const Customer &);     ostream & operator<<(const Customer &) = write(); }   It is a requested feature from a question in the textbook, no friend allowed.

That's basically the question, is there a "right" way to implement operator<< ? Reading  I can see that something like:  friend bool operator<<(obj const& lhs, obj const& rhs);   is preferred to something like   ostream& operator<<(obj const& rhs);   But I can't quite see why should I use one or the other.  My personal case is:  friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &os, const Paragraph& p) {     return os << p.to_str(); }   But I could probably do:  ostream & operator<<(ostream &os) {     return os << paragraph; }   What rationale should I base this decision on?  Note:   Paragraph::to_str = (return paragraph)    where paragraph's a string.


I would like to make a backup of all the data in my Fedora Laptop (Pictures, Music, Videos, Documents, etc.) in an external hard drive. Basically I need to know two things:   A good software to do this which works in Fedora (since I am a very basic user, I would require it to be very user friendly). What kind of external hard drive do I have to buy? I ask this because I researched a few brands (Toshiba, Sony and Verbatim) and they say their product is compatible with Windows and Mac, but there's no mention about Linux. I was thinking maybe I could just buy any of these brand's external hard drive and then format it to ext4 (the format my Laptop is formatted to), but I'm not sure.   Thank you in advance.

For a while I used Dirvish to do incremental backups of my machines, but it is slightly cumbersome to configure, and if you do not carry a copy of your configuration it can be hard to reproduce elsewhere.  I am looking for backup programs for Unix, Linux that could:   Incrementally update my backup Create "mirror" trees like dirvish did using hardlinks (to save space) Ideally with a decent UI


Question:  Are there $a,b,c,d \in \mathbb N$ such that $$a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \ \ \text{and} \ \ b^2 + c^2 = d^2$$  I'm a bit lost here.

Pythagorean triple is a triple of integers $(a, b, c)$ such that $a^2+b^2=c^2$. Is there any Pythagorean triple such that, not only $a^2+b^2$, but also $b^2+c^2$ is a square number? If not, how to prove it?  I tried to prove non-existence the following way: If true, it would mean that there is a pair of integers such that both sum and difference of their squares is a square number. Let's call these integers $a$ and $b$ and $a<b$. Then, there are integers $c$ and $d$ such that: \begin{align} &a^2+b^2=c^2 \\ &a^2-b^2=d^2 \end{align}  Multiplying those equations gives: \begin{equation} a^4=(cd)^2+b^4 \end{equation}  This is similar to Fermat's Last Theorem for $n=4$, but using it only shows that $cd$ can't be square number, not that there are no integer solutions.


Just erased Windows from my C drive and replaced with Ubuntu.  All my documents and files are in a separate drive, D. Ubuntu installation placed my new home folder in C, but I want to move it to D and keep all the files already in it. How do I do this?

I installed 12.04 over a prior (experimental) install of 10.10. Somehow in the setup, I did not specify that /home be set to a separate (extended) partition (/dev/sda7). So the install set up /home on the /root partition, and I am now in a right serious muddle.  I would like to   1) tell it to set /home to sda7 (permanently so that it boots each time that  way), and  2) move my existing /home from my old workhorse 10.04 to /home on this 12.04 computer. (I remember that one creates a tarball on the source computer, copies it over to the target computer, then extracts the tarball on the new computer. But I don't know, and don't seem to find, the correct steps to do this.  How to resolve this?  Any guidance will be much appreciated. I use my computer heavily, but don't seem to have many problems and consequently never get much past the noobie stage of Linux in terms of using the terminal, so your kindness in laying out the steps will be most helpful.


I recall, but not where, some highly upvoted, accepted answers somewhere that merely quoted text from a website, save one or two sentences sourcing the quote.  I ask as  on grounds of "plagiarism".

I just found  to a question on SO. While it provides a source for the (very long) quote, I do not like the fact that the answerer just posted the quote, without adding anything. Maybe add highlights/emphasis or remove uninteresting passages. Or skip the quote altogether and write a short summary. I feel, in the current form, this should have been a comment that just links to the original article.  Am I too pedantic? Should I flag this as not an answer? Should I downvote it? What do you think about such answers?


On the local server ubuntu apache, PHP7.0, mysql when I pass the $ _POST variable to the value wefwe.wf, then on the server I get wefwe_wf, how to do it normally, that is, if wefwe.wf betrayed that and in $ _POST wefwe.wf in php.ini all so  register_argc_argv = On register_globals = On  magic_quotes_gpc = On

If I pass PHP variables with . in their names via $_GET PHP auto-replaces them with _ characters. For example:  <?php echo "url is ".$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']."<p>"; echo "x.y is ".$_GET['x.y'].".<p>"; echo "x_y is ".$_GET['x_y'].".<p>";   ... outputs the following:  url is /SpShipTool/php/testGetUrl.php?x.y=a.b x.y is . x_y is a.b.   ... my question is this: is there any way I can get this to stop? Cannot for the life of me figure out what I've done to deserve this  PHP version I'm running with is 5.2.4-2ubuntu5.3.


Can someone explain to me the difference between the two and why I'd use one over the other?  I'm very new to Sharepoint am needing all the help I can get.

From what I know both of web part and add-ins (SharePoint-hosted add-ins) can give a custom functionality to a SharePoint page. And the only differences I know is that web part can be added via server-side control and reusable to any pages in a site. And for SharePoint-hosted add-ins, we need to install the add-ins first. But we can add add-ins as a part of a page too right? **pardon me if i'm wrong   So what's the other difference between them?


Can somebody give me a understanding of what power means in a Bayesian approach? Or how you would implement it in a Bayesian simulation.

I was reading an article on a power analysis and sample size calculations for a class of models that known as joint longitudinal-survival models. The paper derives a closed form formula for power and sample size calculation. This paper is a frequentist paper in a sense that it assumes parametric assumptions and based on those assumptions, it gets likelihood, score function, … and it eventually gets the formula.  I was wondering how power analysis and sample size calculations are done in Bayesian framework?  Probably my question is naive especially given that I'm not expert in power analysis, but I think no matter how we approach a problem, once we have a hypothesis, power analysis is essential. So, I wanted to  ask:   Is power analysis also done in Bayesian framework? Could someone kindly references some papers on power analysis from Bayesian perspective? Would be great if I can find a power analysis for problems tackled with Bayesian nonparameteric approaches.


I apologize for the dumb question but is the dx (or dy or similar) used in calculus a multiplier? I don't have a good grasp on what it really means or why it's there.  I'm getting to the point in integration where we are converting dx to du and it's weird for me to manipulate it like this.  An ELIF answer would be nice if that's even possible!

I just finished taking my first year of calculus in college and I passed with an A.  I don't think, however, that I ever really understood the entire $\frac{dy}{dx}$ notation (so I just focused on using $u'$), and now that I'm going to be starting calculus 2 and learning newer integration techniques, I feel that understanding the differential in an integral is important. Take this problem for an example: $$ \int 2x (x^2+4)^{100}dx $$ So solving this... $$u = x^2 + 4 \implies du = 2x dx \longleftarrow \text{why $dx$ here?}$$ And so now I'd have: $\displaystyle \int (u)^{100}du$ which is $\displaystyle \frac{u^{101}}{101} + C$ and then I'd just substitute back in my $u$. I'm so confused by all of this.  I know how to do it from practice, but I don't understand what is really happening here.  What happens to the $du$ between rewriting the integral and taking the anti-derivative?  Why is writing the $dx$ so important?  How should I be viewing this in when seeing an integral?


Would I be accepted at a Phd Program @Harvard when my '''education''' didn't go beyond high-school? I have however done lot of self-study after graduating from high-school by studying:   Electrodynamics. General Relativity. Quantum Mechanics ...   and all the maths that is related to those physics areas. So do I have any chance?

Let's say that you're a 27 year old autodidact who has gained enough knowledge in a particular field of the formal sciences - like mathematics, for instance - to be able to take the highest course number from the selection of graduate courses for math.   Now this autodidact wants to enter university for the first time. However, from his perspective, he thinks that it would be a waste of time to restudy what he already knows.   I'm personally wondering if there is a way to demonstrate that he is capable of taking graduate courses so that he could apply for a graduate degree without having to study all the courses at the undergraduate level again.   Also, I'd like to add that this question is really hypothetical. It's just something I pondered on my way to school today.


I reorganized everything in a room to make it into a "official" server room so to speak.  It was full of boxes, old junk, etc. and right now there is only a cabinet with office material. The reason I cleaned it out is because I think that random stuff (boxes) generate more heat and more dust (is this correct?) Im not too much of a fan of letting random employees enter in and out of the server room (we are a small company of only 20 but still) but that cabinet is pretty large and cant be moved...  Anyways, there is a rack with 4 exhaust fans inside of the roof of the rack and inside with 1 server and one NAS. One is a R730 and the NAS is a QNAP. Besides the rack, there is another server which is a PowerEdge 2900. It is outside the rack because in rack there are several battery packs for a UPS we have.  I have my doubts about the cooling inside the room. I have the "luck" that there is a AC unit in the room but the problem is that there are also AC units in the next rooms and if those ACs are on heat, the AC inside the server room does not allow cooling. It is either all heating or all cooling. Meaning I cannot have that AC unit spitting 24/7/365 all year except in summer.  Further, the room I would say is 4 meters by 4 meters (small) and has no windows. You enter it from the common office.  My question is what would be a good cooling plan? Right now, our idea is to make a chimney from the top of the rack to the roof where the fans would blow air out. The problem is that there is 0 airflow to bring cool air in. A solution is that even though you enter the room thru the office, the right wall gives directly to a large factory which is basically cold. From there, we had a idea of putting a fan that draws cold air from the factory into the server room. I think its a idea but I imagine some kind of filter would also have to be put in place to avoid dust.   Is this a good plan? What would the ideal temperature be for something like this?

I have a server room about 12 feet square with an unfinished ceiling (exposed ducts and wiring).  It houses a few servers (about ten, 1U and 2U) and some networking gear (four 1U switches, three routers, three modems, two cable boxes).  With the door closed, it runs around 80 degrees Fahrenheit with half the servers turned on.  When I turned on all the servers it reached 86 before I chickened out and propped the door open.  The room is adjacent to air-conditioned office space, but does not itself have dedicated air conditioning.  The ventilation for this room seems to be limited to one duct coming in at ceiling level, with a powered fan to draw air in, and one duct at ceiling level to allow air to flow out (it seems like it may just go into the drop ceiling cavity in the adjacent room).  The adjacent office space stays fairly cool, but I'd prefer not to leave the door propped open all the time.  There is both 110v and 208v service in the room, and plenty of power available.  But there are no windows, and no floor drains (in a pinch we might be able to run a condensation hose through a small hole we'd drill in the wall to a nearby sink area, but only if absolutely necessary).  I've considered portable A/C units, but I'm not sure on sizing and a lot less sure how we would run the exhaust hose(s).  I suppose we could point one at the existing room exhaust duct (air return), but substantially modifying the duct is probably a no-no.  I've also considered installing a fan box in the door of the room, but I'm concerned that this will only drop the temperature a little.  Even right now, with all the equipment on, the room is at 83 degrees with the door open.  And the main building A/C turns off daily at 6 PM to conserve energy, so the adjacent room temperature rises at night.  How would you cool this room?  Let's say the goal is to bring the temperature with everything running from a steady state of around 90 degrees down to 75 (equivalently, to offset the heat produced by ten 1U servers).


I have already opened a SSH session on my PC and it worked perfectly with my laptop when connected to the same network. But now, when I'm at a different location, I can't connect.  I've already tried to edit the /etc/hosts.allow by adding  sshd : ALL : allow    But, it didn't work. Is there something that I'm missing?

let's imagine i am at school with an android phone. I have a computer at home and that computer has a virtual machine working on it. here is the scenario, client and virtual client has ssh-client and ssh-server both and they can communicate each other in the local network.  when i want to connect to my virtual client from school by android phone through internet there must be an ip address.  the problem is virtual machine and client has the same public ip. so how do i connect one of the two machines?


My approach:  Define $X = \{\alpha \in A_n \ | \ \alpha \  \textrm{is an n-cycle}\}$ and the group action $G: A_n \to S_X: g \mapsto gxg^{-1}$. Then for an $\alpha$ the stabilizer group is $\{\beta \ | \ \beta \textrm{ is an n cycle or the identity} \}$ (I'm stuck on proving this is the entire stabiliser group), and the orbit of $\alpha$ is the conjugacy class of $\alpha$ itself, so by the orbit-stabilzer theorem the size of the conjugacy class is equal to the size of the quotient group of $G$ and the stabiliser which would be $n!/2/n = (n - 1)!/2$.   Because there are $(n - 1)!$ $n$-cycles there must be exactly 2 conjugacy classes. So now the only part left is proving that their size must be $(n - 1)!/2$ which is also why this differs from the question linked as duplicate.  Thanks for any help.

Let $n>2$ and $\tau\in A_n$ and let $C=\{g\tau g^{-1}|g\in S_n\}$ be the conjugacy class of $\tau$ in $S_n$.  Suppose that there is no odd element $x\in S_n$ such that $\tau x=x\tau$.  Prove that $C$ is a  union of two disjoint conjugacy classes in $A_n$.  I managed to observe that if $\sigma_1\in S_n$ an even element and $\sigma_2\in S_n$ an odd element, then:  $\sigma_1\tau\sigma_1^{-1}\neq\sigma_2\tau\sigma_2^{-1}$ otherwise we get that the odd element $x=\sigma_2^{-1}\sigma_1$ commutes with $\tau$.  So, I got one conjugacy class to be the conjugacy class of $\tau$ in $A_n$, say $Q$. It is now clear that it contains all the elements in $C$ of the form $g\tau g^{-1}$ for $g$ even. But I couldn't prove that $C\setminus Q$ can be generated by a conjugacy class in $A_n$ and moreover the sizes equivalence $|Q|=|C\setminus Q|$.


I haven’t written much C code, but for a  I am writing to interface with , I needed to write some C code.  My question is about the syntax to include header files in C. I have seen three different variants in other C code that uses Harfbuzz  Variant 1  #include <hb.h>  Variant 2  #include "hb.h"  Variant 3  #include "harfbuzz/hb.h"  My question is – what is the most appropriate/correct/cross-compatible way to specify header files, when I am writing C code.

In the C and C++ programming languages, what is the difference between using angle brackets and using quotes in an include statement, as follows?   #include <filename>  #include "filename"


what is the font used to designate Z (ring of integers), Q (field of rationals), R (field of reals) and C (field of complex)?

I know what my symbol or character looks like, but I don't know what the command is or which math alphabet it came from. How do I go about finding this out?


If $a=(12,5)$ and $b=(6,8)$ give two orthogonal vectors $U_1$ and $U_2$ such that: $1)$ $U_1$ lies in $a$ $2)$ $U_1+U_2=b$  I am not really sure what the problem is even asking and I would like some assistance in understanding what the problem is asking about. I have a vague idea on the problem as it is supposed to require some sort of usage of projections but I do not know how projections apply in this problem.

Question  If $a=\langle12,5\rangle$ and $b=\langle6,8\rangle$, give orthogonal vectors $u_1$ and $u_2$ that $u_1$ lies on a and $u_1+u_2=b$  My steps:  I am not sure whether or not $u_1$ has to lie in the same direction as vector a.  but I know that it has to intersect it  then I recognize that $u_1$ and $u_2$ has to lie perpendicular on vector b,  but I do not know what to do from here  a detailed explanation is much appreciated.


I have one constructor function in my code. I have create instance of that constructor. In newly created instance I want to add value or function by using prototype method. But I getting error while doing this. Here is my code   function a(){ this.d=9 } a.prototype.one=1; a.prototype.two=2;   var j= new a(); j.prototype.three=3;  console.log(j)

I'm not that into dynamic programming languages but I've written my fair share of JavaScript code. I never really got my head around this prototype-based programming, does any one know how this works? var obj = new Object(); obj.prototype.test = function() { alert('Hello?'); }; var obj2 = new obj(); obj2.test();  I remember a lot discussion I had with people a while back (I'm not exactly sure what I'm doing) but as I understand it, there's no concept of a class. It's just an object, and instances of those objects are clones of the original, right? But what is the exact purpose of this ".prototype" property in JavaScript? How does it relate to instantiating objects? Update: correct way var obj = new Object(); // not a functional object obj.prototype.test = function() { alert('Hello?'); }; // this is wrong!  function MyObject() {} // a first class functional object MyObject.prototype.test = function() { alert('OK'); } // OK  Also these  really helped a lot.


i created a form. Thats shown below...  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>      <script> $(document).ready(function(){   $("#sbt").click(function(){     var re=$("#file").val();    $.ajax({             type: "POST",             url: "loadajax.php",             data: $("#data").serialize()+ '&photo=' +re,             success: function(data) {                  $("#datas").html(data);             },             error: function(){                   alert('error handing here');             }         });  }); });  </script>   Ajax response page  <?php echo "<pre>"; print_r($_POST);  var_dump($_FILES); ?>   All input values are returned.but file is not uploaded.I don't know how to upload file using ajax. Please help me...

I would like to upload a file asynchronously with jQuery.     $(document).ready(function () {     $("#uploadbutton").click(function () {         var filename = $("#file").val();          $.ajax({             type: "POST",             url: "addFile.do",             enctype: 'multipart/form-data',             data: {                 file: filename             },             success: function () {                 alert("Data Uploaded: ");             }         });     }); });  File <input type="file" id="file" name="file" size="10"/> <input id="uploadbutton" type="button" value="Upload"/>     Instead of the file being uploaded, I am only getting the filename. What can I do to fix this problem?


I'm in the Canon system. Would you buy an entry level full frame camera like 6D II having only one FF lens (50 1.8 prime)?   I don't have money to buy both the body and the lens at the same time, but later on I'd like to get the wide angle EF L 16-35 f4. Apart from portraits, I shoot mainly architecture and landscapes for microstock sites, so in the long term they will pay for themselves to some degree. Just one prime lens is limiting, but I thought that buying a FF body now would "commit" me to high image quality photography, and next year I would buy that wide angle lens to really switch to full frame. I know FF is not a solution for every problem with image quality, but 6D II pictures are just crisper, sharper etc. not to mention low light photography. As I said I sell pictures on stock sites, so this expense will be partly covered by royalties.   Another possibility is to wait another year for the EOS R price to come down and then invest in the future-proof RF system, especially since I could then use my EF-S lenses.

Context  I've been shooting with an a6000 (APS_C mirrorless) and I plan to move on up to full frame, preferably mirrorless as well. I'm debating on when to upgrade, and probably don't plan to buy until next year.  I know I'll need to buy new full frame lens.  Question  Is there a "right" time to buy camera bodies, both mirrorless in my case as well as DSLRs? (I've seen the a7rII and like it but there might also be an a9 looming.) I feel that this is like smartphones in which the best time to buy is now as you might always be waiting until the next upgrade.   Related, are full frame bodies discounted during the holiday season or is that limited only to entry level bodies and older full frame bodies?  Related


I get spam texts from a certain number (five digit number). Does anyone know how to block texts from specified numbers? I am on a nexus 5 android 4.4.3.

What is a good app for blocking incoming SMS? I want it to be easy and able to add numbers from contacts and not require to many privileges (probably only some storage and intercepting SMS).


When I take a look at the truth table for implification, I don't get the logic:  a     b       a --> b ---------------------- 1     1         1 1     0         0 0     1         1 0     0         1   I understand implication $a \rightarrow b$ means that $a$ becomes $b$ or I understand this wrong now? Because if I compare what I said with the table, it seems contradicting... My understanding works for all lines except for the last one where we have 0 0 1..  Anyone could please explain me?

I am studying entailment in classical first-order logic.  The Truth Table we have been presented with for the statement $(p \Rightarrow q)\;$ (a.k.a. '$p$ implies $q$') is: $$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline p&q&p\Rightarrow q\\ \hline T&T&T\\ T&F&F\\ F&T&T\\ F&F&T\\\hline \end{array}$$  I 'get' lines 1, 2, and 3, but I do not understand line 4.      Why is the statement $(p \Rightarrow q)$ True if both p and q are False?  We have also been told that $(p \Rightarrow q)$ is logically equivalent to $(~p || q)$ (that is $\lnot p \lor q$).  Stemming from my lack of understanding of line 4 of the Truth Table, I do not understand why this equivalence is accurate.       Administrative note. You may experience being directed here even though your question was actually about line 3 of the truth table instead. In that case, see the companion question  And even if your original worry was about line 4, it might be useful to skim the other question anyway; many of the answers to either question attempt to explain both lines.


If a class that already knows a level 1 spell takes the Magic Initiate feat and learns two cantrips and the same spell from a different class, does that give them a "free" 1/long rest cast of that spell in addition to the casts they could choose to use their spell slots on?  As an example, a level 4 paladin could take Magic Initiate instead of their ASI and choose Bard as the feat's target. They learn Light (cantrip), Blade Ward (cantrip), and Cure Wounds (level 1 bard spell). They already know Cure Wounds from their own class. In theory, they should have three spell slots they can expend to cast Cure Wounds three times, and then one additional cast of Cure Wounds from the feat.  Is this correct?

I have a wizard PC who wants to gain the feat Magic Initiate and use free 1st level spell to use mage armour once a day. He already knows Mage armour, so:   Can he use the Feat to gain a free casting of Mage armour once each day? Should he get another 1st level spell but not get to freely cast it once a day?


I have a folder with chmod 000 permissions on it with a lot of different stuff in, the way I get in is a start bash in sudo by running sudo bash.  Why can't I do &&? I want to cd into the directory with one command like this:  sudo bash && cd desktop   When I run this, I am still in ~ which is the default directory.  I have to run this instead  sudo bash cd desktop   Also, the desktop is not the folder, its a subfolder of desktop, but it doesn't matter. It's the same thing anyways.

What is the difference between the following commands:  su sudo -s sudo -i sudo bash   I know for su I need to know the root password, and for sudo I have to be in the sudoers file, but once executed what is difference?  I know there is a difference between su and sudo -s because my home directory is /root after I execute su, but my home directory is still /home/myname after sudo -s. But I suspect this is just a symptom of an underlying difference that I'm missing.


I have a project that includes 2 chapters and when I compile the main program it combines the pdf's of these two into one single file. How can I configure it to print to separate pdf's ?

I have a quite huge thesis-latex-document with lots of references to the appendix. The whole document I would like to split into two pdf-files. That means: I would like to have the thesis and the appendix as separate .pdf-outputs with own titlepages but the references in the main document leading to the appendix, so I can print out two independent documents.   The reason is: The main file is my thesis, the appendix is - obviously - the appendix that is not actually independent from the thesis but should be treated as independent if you know what I mean. I would like to be able to give out the thesis without the appendix but the references that I have to the appendix should indicate that it actually is another document.  I am using the  document class and I would like to keep using it. Also I am using the ,  and the -packages in combination. I also would like to keep that.  I assume I'll have to create two separate "main files". One for the main document "thesis.tex" and one for the appendix "appendix.tex". The question then is: How can I   let the included "appendix.tex"-file get compiled while actually compiling the "thesis.tex" including all necessary references? In this case the hyperlinks are not that important.  get as output thesis.pdf and appendix.pdf?  get the reference in the main document point to sth. like "Appendix, p. XY" or - preferabily since I am writing in German - "Anhang, S. XY"?   I am using Sublime Text with the latexing-extension but I guess this is not very important in this case. In terms of typesetting engine I use pdflatex, so nothing really experimental.  After all I need to know: What package do I might need for this? What changes do I need to undertake in my document (for example labels) to accomplish the above mentioned results?


A very simple question, but I cannot seem to find the answer. I know that $f(x)=x^x$ simply isn't integrable, but that doesn't mean the indefinite integral doesn't exist, right? Is there anything that you could put in place of the "$?$" that could satisfy the indefinite integral? $$\int x^x dx =?$$

I'm trying to find $\int x^x \, dx$, but the only thing I know how to do is this:  Let $u=x^x$.  $$\begin{align} \int x^x \, dx&=\int u \, du\\[6pt] &=\frac{u^2}{2}\\[6pt] &=\dfrac{\left(x^x\right)^2}{2}\\[6pt] &=\frac{x^{2x}}{2} \end{align}$$  But it's certain that this isn't the correct way to evaluate that, and the answer must be wrong.


Consider the set $F=\{f:\mathbb C\to\mathbb C\mid f\text{ is an entire function, }|f'(z)|\leq|f(z)|\text{ for all }z\in\mathbb C\}$. Then which of the following are true?  $F$ is a finite set  $F$ is an infinite set  $F=\{\beta e^{\alpha z}\mid\beta\in\mathbb C,\;\alpha\in\mathbb C\}$  $F=\{\beta e^{\alpha z}\mid\beta\in\mathbb C,\;|\alpha|\leq1\}$    My attempt: I take $f(z)=2$ then option $2$ is discarded and when I take $f(z)=\exp(z)$ then option $1$ is also discarded. But I'm not know how to solve it by a general method. Please help me.

Could someone advise me on how to determine all entire functions $f$ such that $|f'(z)| \leq |f(z)|, \forall z\ ?$  Hints will suffice, thank you.


Rey might know how to pilot, due to her years a junk trader, but one scene from The Force Awakens bothers me. The scene where she flies in the Salt mines on Crait and in the Star Destroyer wreckage on Jakku?. How could she, and anyone else who tried, pilot the Falcon? The ship's cockpit is at the opposite end of the ship, so its a pretty steep learning curve. Han Solo and Chewbacca have piloted the ship for years, But how can a newcomer fly the ship with the skill of someone whos been piloting it for years?

I must have missed something, because  Rey is a scavenger who dismantles spacecraft, etc., and can drive a speeder/swoop.   It’s likely she has never even seen someone operate a spaceship. Are we to believe that their purported background is enough to inform them on the operation of these, to where they’re doing all kinds of fancy tricks within two minutes of their first moment behind the controls?


Using Windows 10 LTSB (Build 17763.1098).  Say I have Google Chrome running and click Start → Power → Restart. The PC shuts down and restarts as expected. After log in, the deskop is displayed... and then after ~5 seconds Chrome automatically restarts! Why? Same thing if Task Manager was running when I restart. After reboot, Task Manager is automatically restarted.  What controls this and how can I ask Windows to show the desktop only after a reboot?

Occasionally, a forced restart is happening on my Windows 10 computer. When the OS is restarted every program that I've had prior to the restart is reopened at startup. The programs are reopened like I would just double-click them.  I usually hold 5-6 windows of Visual Studio and few more programs all together. When the above happens, I have to wait several minutes until I can start working, as everything takes ages to load.  Is there a setting to disable these programs from automatically opening at startup?


I'm working on a basic applet and I'm getting the following error when I compile in Eclipse:  java.lang.NullPointerException at java.applet.Applet.getParameter(Applet.java:191) at com.putable.clickaid.ClickAid.<init>(ClickAid.java:18) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526) at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:379) at sun.applet.AppletPanel.createApplet(AppletPanel.java:795) at sun.applet.AppletPanel.runLoader(AppletPanel.java:724) at sun.applet.AppletPanel.run(AppletPanel.java:380) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)   When I try to run it with appletviewer, I get a blank window and a notification that the applet hasn't been initialized. (I get the empty window on Eclipse, too.) If I try to compile the files via the command line, I get repeated "cannot find symbol" errors for the other classes in the package. (I'm not getting anything like this in Eclipse.) Here's the first part of the main class, along with part of the constructor (I'll post more code if needed):  public class ClickAid extends Applet implements ActionListener {     int rows;     int columns;     ActiveSquare[][] buttons = new ActiveSquare[rows][columns];     int appxMax = 0;     int appyMax = 0;     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;   public ClickAid() {      if (getParameter("ROWS") == null) {rows = 4;}     rows = Integer.parseInt(getParameter("ROWS"));     columns = 6;     if (getParameter("COLUMNS") == null) {columns = 6;}     else {columns = Integer.parseInt(getParameter("COLUMNS"));} ...   I know that seems like a lot of questions in one, but I'm assuming at least some of them are related. My main concern is the issue with fetching the parameters - I set them up via run configurations, and I haven't been able to find any clues as to why it's not working.

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?