This doesn't work: (global name 'a' is not defined)  if True:   a = 3 else:   a = 4 print a   This works:  class A:   def f(self):     if True:       a = 3     else:       a = 4     print a  A().f()   This doesn't work: (global name 'a' is not defined)  class A:   def __init__(self):     a = 3   def f(self):     print a  A().f()   Why is it working in one case and not in another ? I thought that if it works in case (2) then it is because a gets in the class context, but this doesn't make it work in (3) I saw other discussions but I don't understand everything that is said and cases vary a bit.  EDIT:  example 1 does NOT work, at least in a python 2.7 interpreter. This is why it examples 1 and 2 are contradictory

What exactly are the Python scoping rules?  If I have some code:  code1 class Foo:    code2    def spam.....       code3       for code4..:        code5        x()   Where is x found?  Some possible choices include the list below:   In the enclosing source file In the class namespace In the function definition In the for loop index variable Inside the for loop   Also there is the context during execution, when the function spam is passed somewhere else. And maybe  pass a bit differently?  There must be a simple reference or algorithm somewhere.  It's a confusing world for intermediate Python programmers.


//clearing lists function resetLists() {  var finalColor = [];  var finalDiet = [];  var finalConservationStatues = [];  var finalScientificName = [];  var finalName = []; }  this should be clearing/resetting the lists but it doesn't when called on in the program.I have tried calling the function in different parts of the program  but it still doesn't work

What is the scope of variables in javascript? Do they have the same scope inside as opposed to outside a function? Or does it even matter? Also, where are the variables stored if they are defined globally?


I like not having a default browser. When I select a URL, a box comes up and asks me to select a browser. That's what I want. At the bottom of the box, it asks the question, "Always use this App?" The question has a check box to indicate Yes. I uncheck it, but sometimes I forget, then I've selected a default browser. I don't want that and it's a pain to remove the default. I'd like to have the box come up without the question checked. How can I default the question to unchecked?

I use Internet Explorer for some things and Chrome for others. I'd like to have a choice when I click on a link of which browser to open the link in. Is this possible in Windows? I am currently running Windows 8, although there should be similarities between versions.  To the best of my knowledge this isn't possible.


When a user votes to close a question (for whatever reason), it would helpful to receive a notification (in the inbox) when the question is edited (either the text, tags, if it closes then is re-opened) so that the user can then modify his or her vote if the question is properly adjusted.

This is brought up by a chat discussion on .  The idea being, when you Vote to Close a question (and it subsequently get's closed), you get a notification when the first Vote to Reopen is cast.  This comes up because many users (on all sites) tend to downvote a question when they VTC it, and sometimes those downvotes stick (especially on high-traffic sites like SO). It would be nice if those who VTC'd (and possibly those who downvoted) get a notification informing them that the question is now in the Reopen Queue (or, perhaps just as well, on the first edit made to it by the OP).  Obviously it would be annoying if you got a notification on each edit, or each VTR, but it could fairly simple (I assume) be done so that you only get a notification on the first of either that happens.  This could have the effect of making the user feel more welcome again, as the user immediately gets more exposure when the question is opened again, and they start getting either the DV's reduced, or those DV's turned into UV's.


Does apt on 20.10 have a virtualbox package? I see that apt install virtualbox virtualbox-dkms has worked on previous releases but on 20.10  apt install virtualbox   Reading package lists... Done  Building dependency tree         Reading state information... Done  Package virtualbox is not available, but is referred to by another package.  This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or  is only available from another source   E: Package 'virtualbox' has no installation candidate  apt search doesn't find anything like it.

I keep seeing places refer to the "multiverse" repository as a place I can get software, how can I enable this repository? Please specify how to do this graphically and via command line.


Using the Euler's theorem: $x^{\varphi\left(m\right)}\equiv1 \pmod{m}$, we have: If $x\ =\ 12,\ m\ =\ 17,$ then ${12}^{\varphi\left(17\right)}\equiv1 \pmod{17}$. Now I have to use that fact to determine the residue of ${12}^{482}$ (mod 17). I'm thinking of this approach: $482=256+128+64+32+2=2^8+2^7+2^6+2^5+2^1$ Thus ${12}^{482} = 12^{256} \cdot 12^{128} \cdot 12^{64} \cdot 12^{32} \cdot 12^{2} $ So the residue of ${12}^{482}$ (mod 17) can be obtained by multiplying together the residues of $12^{256}$, ... above and then taking the residue of that product. But is this the simplest way? Have I made the best use of the Euler's theorem result above? Thank you so much!

I've read about Fermat's little theorem and generally how congruence works. But I can't figure out how to work out these two:   $13^{100} \bmod 7$ $7^{100} \bmod 13$   I've also heard of this formula:  $$a \equiv b\pmod n \Rightarrow a^k \equiv b^k \pmod n $$  But I don't see how exactly to use that here, because from $13^1 \bmod 7$ I get 6, and $13^2 \bmod 7$ is 1. I'm unclear as to which one to raise to the kth power here (I'm assuming k = 100?)  Any hints or pointers in the right direction would be great.


I have downloaded an IMG file of NED data from the USGS National Map elevation products site and I want to create a contour map using QGIS.   The problem is, the NED raster is "oversampled". There are far more pixels in the raster than the spatial resolution of the elevation data they represent. Therefore, when the contour tool in QGIS is used, the contours follow the edge of each block of similar pixels like so:     How can I achieve smooth contour lines?  I assume it's better to somehow resample the raster so that each elevation sample is represented by a single pixel and then rerun the contour tool rather than trying to smooth the jagged contours shown in the image above. Simply resampling the NED raster with a cubic spline is not effective because it only smooths the edges of each pixel group.

I have a DEM that I would like to smooth or generalize to remove topographic extremes (chop off peaks and fill-in valleys). Ideally, I would also like to have control over the radius or level of "blurriness". In the end, I will need a set of rasters that range from slightly blurry to really blurry. (Theoretically, the blurriest would be a constant raster of the arithmetic mean of all values).  Are there any tools or methods I can use (based on Esri, GDAL, GRASS)?   Do I need to home bake my own  routine?   Could I use a low-pass filter (e.g. ArcGIS's ), and if so, would I need to run it a bunch of times to get the effect of a large radius?


Can anyone suggest me an approach to retrieve the excel file details (Alternative of Interop)?  I want to track user working excel file details (like workbook name, sheet name, formula present in the sheet/workbook, Macro value.)

Is there a free or open source library to read Excel files (.xls) directly from a C# program?   It does not need to be too fancy, just to select a worksheet and read the data as strings. So far, I've been using Export to Unicode text function of Excel, and parsing the resulting (tab-delimited) file, but I'd like to eliminate the manual step.


As a light source in the universe (e.g. sun) emits light in different directions, some of the light emitted reaches places like Earth, and some doesn't. So does the light that reaches the Earth disappear or it is reflected in other directions? And for the light that doesn't reach any place, does it keep on going forever? If it does keep on going forever, will the universe become brighter and brighter? Thanks!

If I point my torch up, the photons leave the atmosphere. They might hit the sun, moon or some clouds. If they miss all this, what would they likely hit - if anything?


Understanding variable scopes  const { response } = somecall(); if (response) {    const { response } = someOtherCallThatReturnsUndefined(response);    // the value of response being passed in to **someOtherCallThatReturnsUndefined** is actually undefined }


I am traveling to Europe in the next couple of weeks, I get really sick and dizzy on planes, I feel that my head is going to explode and I can feel the slightest motion the plane does. I have tried Bonine (which is over the counter meclizine) and it did absolutely nothing. My problem isn't with getting sick in my stomach, my problem is with the dizziness that after 2 hours of flying is combined with a severe headache that literately takes me a week of recovery after the flight.  How can I prevent this on future flights?

My sister is not particularly inclined to air travel—she regularly throws up, and the feeling of nausea is evident well before motion sickness could occur (i.e. inside the terminal).   I suspect some of it is due to a reverse-placebo psychological effect—she likely associated motion sickness with airports/airplanes/air travel at an early age and it's unfortunately carried through. It's probably not entirely the odor of burnt jet-fuel (although she does mention that as contributing) since she's fine when she's going to the airport to say bye to relatives.   Also of note—my sister is only 11 years old, so that limits what can be done to help her as far as medication is concerned.  Unfortunately, neither Dramamine, Benadryl, nor Sea-Bands have been of any help, as we discovered two days ago. We're going to consult her doctor when we get back to the US, but the slight problem with that is that there is a 12 hour plane ride back to the US, and the preferable option would be to go back with as little vomit as possible.  What could be done to help alleviate her nausea?


I am somewhat new to loops and I need to insert a while loop outside of a for loop that counts the spaces, a's, e's, s's, and t's. Once the user types in a phrase, the for loop would lastly print results of the amount of spaces, a's, e's, s's, and t's in the phrase. I want to make a while loop that would allow you to quit the loop if you type in "quit" and will allow you to type in a new phrase that will end up with more results of spaces, a's, e's, s's, and t's. I already tried while (phrase != "quit") and it did not work. Sorry if there is any confusion but you will probably understand when you see the input and output. Here is the code:  import java.util.Scanner public  class Count {      public static void main (String[] args)     {          Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);         String phrase;    // a string of characters         int countBlank;   // the number of blanks (spaces) in the phrase          int i = 0;         char ch;          // an individual character in the string         String quit = "quit";         System.out.println ();         System.out.println ("Character Counter");         System.out.println ();          System.out.print ("Enter a sentence or phrase (quit to quit): ");         phrase = scan.nextLine(); // read input Scanner           int length = phrase.length();       // the length of the phrase          countBlank = 0;         int countA = 0;         int countE = 0;         int countS = 0;         int countT = 0;          for (i = 0; i < length; i++){             ch = phrase.charAt(i);             if (ch == (' '))                 countBlank++;             switch (ch)             {             case 'a': case 'A':  countA++; break;             case 'e': case 'E':  countE++; break;             case 's': case 'S':  countS++; break;             case 't': case 'T':  countT++; break;                    }         }         System.out.println ();         System.out.println ("Number of blank spaces: " + countBlank);         System.out.println ();         System.out.println ("Number of a's: " +countA);         System.out.println ("Number of e's: " +countE);         System.out.println ("Number of s's: " +countS);         System.out.println ("Number of t's: " +countT);      } }   Output:  Character Counter  Enter a sentence or phrase (quit to quit): aest Aest aest  Number of blank spaces: 2  Number of a's: 3 Number of e's: 3 Number of s's: 3 Number of t's: 3

I've been using the == operator in my program to compare all my strings so far. However, I ran into a bug, changed one of them into .equals() instead, and it fixed the bug.  Is == bad? When should it and should it not be used? What's the difference?


I came up with a process to get actual acreages vs map acres of steep slopes, but I am wondering what others do to correct for steep slopes and get actual acreage treated? For mine, In ArcGIS Desktop, I use a DEM to create a percent slope raster. After classifying the slope data, I use our treatment polygons to cut out the slope data so I know how many acres I have at a particular slope. Then I use a table found in a range management book that tells you what percentage to increase the acreage by per slope percent. It works well, I'm just wondering if there is a better more efficient process or tool I could be using?

I've got a polygon feature class with Z values enabled. The polygon entities represent billboards. I'm looking for a way to measure the front surface area of this entities - i.e the area of the billboards from one side.  Can I do this using a Geoprocessing tool?  Some snapshots    Polygon in ArcMap    Polygon in ArcScene


I want to load over 600 shp files at once in qgis 3.4. Is there a limitation on the number of shapefiles that can be added?

I have been looking for an answer to this question for the last several weeks, so hope that someone here has encountered the same issue and has a viable solution to my problem.  I am currently using the following configuration:  •   Windows 7 Pro  •   QGIS 2.2 (also tested 2.4 with same issue on a separate system)  The issue I am seeing is that that once I reach 254 or 256 layers added to a project, as soon as I add any additional layers, all layers disappear from my map and I am unable to see any of my data.  I work with large amounts of data.  Is this a limitation in QGIS or is it a setting somewhere?  I have also tested MapInfo, which I am thinking of buying if QGIS is unable to handle the load; MapInfo does not have this limitation.  Any ideas?  I can provide more information if necessary.  Thanks


I am applying for a passport for my mother. She has completed the 10th grade and she is about 58 years old.  The following question has been presented:     Is applicant eligible for Non-ECR category?   Is the correct answer for her 'Yes' or 'No'?  If  'Yes', what documents are required to prove this?

I'm applying for a fresh Passport from India but I don't know what "ECR" & "NON-ECR" mean:     "Is applicant eligible for Non-ECR category?"      [Yes] [No]   I've already Graduated from University. I don't know whether to choose "YES" or "NO"?. I'm Indian by birth.


I am a YouTuber and I'm thinking of making a modded series with my friend. I went to the Minecraft website to download v1.6.4 of the server, but they don't have it. So I then searched via Google and found McNostalgia and MVC (Minecraft Version Changer) but it only had v1.6.2 and below.  How can I obtain the Minecraft server jar for an older version?

I am trying to set up a Tekkit-like server (+ some different mods). Most mods are not 1.4.2-compatible, yet, so the server runs 1.3.2. I can use MCNostalgia to downgrade the client, but is there any way to downgrade the server or download an old version?


$$\int_0^1\frac{\ln(1+x)}{x}dx$$  I tried substituting $x=\frac{1}{t}$ and then added the two integrals but got stuck. I got no idea how to proceed here. Any help would be appreciated.

There is supposed to be a clean solution to the integral below, maybe involving some symmetry $$ \int^1_0 \frac{\ln(1+x)}{x}dx$$ I have tried integration by parts as followed: $\ln(x+1)=u$ ,$\frac{1}{x+1} dx = du$ and also $\frac{1}{x}dx=dv$, $\ln(x)=v$. Then, the integral becomes $$\int^1_0 \frac{\ln(1+x)}{x}dx=- \int^1_0 \frac{\ln x}{1+x}dx$$ which does not make this easier. I have also tried using the identity $\int_a^bf(x)~dx=\int_a^bf(a+b-x)~dx$. So let $I = \int^1_0 \frac{\ln(1+x)}{x}dx$ and also $I = \int^1_0 \frac{\ln(2-x)}{1-x}  $. Then $$2I= \int^1_0 \ln(1+x)+\ln(2-x)$$ which is not any easier, either. Any ideas? :)


I want to make my LibreOffice have the displayed font as in latex. But I cannot find that. Will you please help me? The font I seek after is such as the font here

For some complicated diagrams, I need to use something like Adobe Illustrator or Inkscape, and would like to include nicely typeset labels. (I'm aware of post-processing solutions, such as pinlabel.) One way to do this is to use a closely-matching font, and then convert fonts to outlines. Better, however, would be to use Computer Modern directly in Illustrator.  Where can I find a Computer Modern font compatible with Adobe Illustrator?


I have a working physics environment using Farseer - but how do I create a player object that can walk around?  My current attempt involves applying forces to a rectangular body whenever keys are pressed.  This... works... to some degree. The player box moves around and such, after significant angle damping doesn't flip over much either. But I want a smooth moving simple player that can walk around and climb slopes but not walls and stuff like that. As it currently stands, the player object can climb any slope no matter how steep due to continue sideways force being applied. The player also does not stop quickly, but rather slides heavily due to low friction - and raising the player body's friction value doesn't help all that much.  I just don't know how to do a standard player object without making it move around in ridiculous ways due to the physics engine being a full physics engine.

My group of students is helping produce a a 2D platformer. We tried making a pixel-based collision system which fell through. Now I am trying this physics engine on for size and see new ways to create and control my player. Like the obvious circle body player:    I was using a different type of player movement system like .  What system would work for a player that needs to be able to jump and move in mid-air (as in the above link), and can run up slopes like the circular body example?  I guess that the circular body can be made to do anything, but would like community input.


I find this really annoying and it gets worse all the time. The addition to not only sort answers based on upvotes is great - things get outdated and new answers might keep it up to date. At the start, it felt like in the top 10 answers it was 50% highly voted answers, and 50% new. Now when I get into any question, I immediately scroll to the bottom to find the relevant answers. Why not sort answers based on votes, where recent votes are counted as more important? Keeps things up to date but does not penalize older still valid answers. (Might also be that I am in some A/B test.)

For me at least,  has answers that are not sorted by score:    Is this normal?  I've tried refreshing the page a few times, but the order doesn't change...


A group $G$ acts faithfully on a set $X$ of 5 objects. The action has   two orbits: one of size 2, and one of size 3. What are the   possibilities for the group $G$?   I believe the right step is to apply the orbit-stabilizer theorem but I'm not sure how to get started. What's a good way to go about solving this problem?

A group $G$ acts faithfully on a set $X$ of 5 objects. The action has   two orbits: one of size 2, and one of size 3. What are the   possibilities for the group $G$?   I think I should apply the orbit-stabilizer theorem. I believe a main hint is the fact that this group has precisely two orbits but I'm not sure how to use that information. What's a good way to go about listing the possibilities for this group $G$?


How to show that for any real numbers $a$ and $b$  $$(|a|+|b|)^p \leq |a|^p+|b|^p$$ for $0\leq p \leq 1$ ?

If $p,q$ are positive quantities and $0 \leq m\leq 1$ then Prove that $$(p+q)^m \leq p^m+q^m$$    Trial: For $m=0$, $(p+q)^0=1 < 2= p^0+q^0$  and for $m=1$, $(p+q)^1=p+q =p^1+q^1$.   So, For $m=0,1$ the inequality is true.How I show that the inequality is also true for $0 < m < 1$.   Please help.


(Exclude all movements of myself) Imagine I had a straight stick that reached far out in the universe.   If I rotated that stick, what would happen to the speed of the stick and its shape?  (First edit) These questions are difficult to ask because there will always be conditions that people are asking for. I will try to explain what I am interested about.  Question We have this unimaginably long stick that is made of a material that cannot be bent and weighs nothing. I am out in the universe holding this stick, and if you would zoom out on the universe you could see this straight stick. Now, if I started to rotate this stick, what would happen to the sticks speed and shape (seen from the persons view that is zoomed out of the universe)?.  I am asking since the speed should increase the further away it is from me. What would happen at the area and beyond that is starting to approach the speed of light. If the stick would appear to bend (as seen from the guy zoomed out) what would happen if I stopped rotating the stick? Would it be forever bent as seen from the guy zoomed out?

I was reading Landau & Lifshitz's Classical Theory of Fields and I noticed that they mention that an extended rigid body isn't "relativistically correct".   For example, if you consider a rigid rod and apply a torque at one end, by definition of being rigid, the whole body must start rotating at the same instant. But the information about the force being applied cannot travel faster than the speed of light.   The book hasn't mentioned how to resolve this paradox, and after thinking about it for a while, I'm wondering if one can even define a rigid body in a relativistically correct manner.  To summarize: How does one define a rigid body in special relativity?


I am trying to show multiple images without a gap like this. \begin{frame} \begin{figure} \centering \begin{subfigure}{.5\linewidth}   \centering   \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{burst_sapiro/REG_001.png}   \caption{A subfigure}   \label{fig:sub1} \end{subfigure}% \begin{subfigure}{.5\linewidth}   \centering   \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{burst_sapiro/REG_002.png}   \caption{A subfigure}   \label{fig:sub2} \end{subfigure} \caption{A figure with two subfigures} \label{fig:test} \end{figure}  I have tried the above code, it gives me a satisfactory result, there is no gap between images.  But when I go to more images, thing goes wrong: \begin{figure}     % \captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=empty}   \centering   \begin{subfigure}{.25\linewidth}     \centering     \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{burst_sapiro/REG_001.png}     % \caption{Coffee.}   \end{subfigure}   \begin{subfigure}{.25\linewidth}     \centering     \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{burst_sapiro/REG_002.png}     % \caption{More coffee.}   \end{subfigure}   \begin{subfigure}{.25\linewidth}     \centering     \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{burst_sapiro/REG_003.png}   \end{subfigure}    \begin{subfigure}{.25\linewidth}      \centering     \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{burst_sapiro/REG_004.png}   \end{subfigure}   \end{figure}   As you can see, I do not understand why the four images are broken into two lines, and there are gaps between images. May anyone kindly give me some instruction on how to arrange images in one line without gap.

In this example,  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{subcaption} \begin{document} \begin{figure}   \centering   \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.33\textwidth}     \centering     \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}     \caption{a}   \end{subfigure}   \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.33\textwidth}     \centering     \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}     \caption{b}   \end{subfigure}   \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.33\textwidth}     \centering     \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-c}     \caption{c}   \end{subfigure} \end{figure} \end{document}   I chose the subfigure width equally 1/3 with the rationale that the figure span \textwidth exactly. From the result,    one can deduce that there is some overhead.  How do I optimally chose subfigure width so that the figure span textwidth exactly for N = 2, 3, 4, ... subfigures?


given: $(f_{n})$ are continuous functions from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{R}$  my work: Let $A=\left \{ x\in \mathbb{R}|\lim_{n\rightarrow +\infty }f_{n}(x)=L<\infty  \right \}$  let $x\in A$  and $B(x,r)$ be given for some $r>0$  $y\in B(x,r)\Rightarrow d(x,y)<r\Rightarrow d(f_{n}(x),f_{n}(y))<\varepsilon _{r}$ (since $f_{n}$ is continuous)  then as $n\rightarrow \infty $, $f_{n}(y)\rightarrow f_{n}(x)\rightarrow L\Rightarrow y\in A$  so $A$ is open then it's a borel subset  Anything wrong ?

Suppose that $f_n$ are continuous.  Prove that $E=\{x\in \mathbb{R}:f_n(x)\text{ is convergent}\}$ is Borel.   My first instinct is to take balls around $\lim_{n\to\infty}f_n(x)$, for each $x$ in $E$, and then show that there has to be some ball small enough so that everything inside that ball is a member of $E$. But this would imply not only that $E$ is Borel, but moreover that it is open, so I don't think that can be right.  Can someone show me how to do this?


When obtaining the Euler Lagrange equations for a scalar field with higher order derivatives in curved space is it the same to use $$ -\partial_\nu\partial_\mu\frac{\partial \sqrt{-g} \mathcal{L}}{\partial\partial_\nu\partial_\mu\phi}+\partial_\mu\frac{\partial \sqrt{-g} \mathcal{L}}{\partial\partial_\mu\phi}-\frac{\partial \sqrt{-g} \mathcal{L}}{\partial\phi}=0 $$ or $$ -\nabla\nu\nabla\mu\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial\nabla\nu\nabla\mu\phi}+\nabla\mu\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial\nabla\mu\phi}-\frac{\partial  \mathcal{L}}{\partial\phi}=0~~? $$  For a canonical kinetic term it's easy to see that it's true.

I feel like this question has been asked before but I can't find it. would the Euler Lagrange equation for, say, the standard model Lagrangian be $$\frac{\partial L}{\partial \phi}=\partial_\mu \frac{\partial L}{\partial (\partial_\mu \phi)}$$ Where $\phi$ is whatever field is an question and $\mu$ is (I believe) being summed from 0 to 3. Or, ist the correct equation $$\frac{\partial L}{\partial \phi}=D_\mu \frac{\partial L}{\partial (D_\mu \phi)}$$ Where $D$ is the covariant derivative of the theory. My intuition tells me its the second eqn but i just wanted to be sure, and I think I once saw someone say that the two were equivalent.


I installed steam on Ubuntu Mate 15.10, and i cannot open it. I opened system monitor and I saw steam running, so i closed it and I reopened it and nothing. Its status is sleeping if that helps. I opened it in terminal and heres the output.  Running Steam on ubuntu 15.10 64-bit STEAM_RUNTIME is enabled automatically Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(0) libGL error: unable to load driver: nouveau_dri.so libGL error: driver pointer missing libGL error: failed to load driver: nouveau libGL error: unable to load driver: swrast_dri.so libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast

Actually I have installed the new Ubuntu 15.04 64bit, and when I'm trying to install Steam on it, there is a problem. In fact I have downloaded the deb package from steam website, installed it and when I start it nothing happens. I tried to start it from terminal and what I've got  $ steam Running Steam on ubuntu 15.04 64-bit STEAM_RUNTIME is enabled automatically Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(0_client) libGL error: unable to load driver: r600_dri.so libGL error: driver pointer missing libGL error: failed to load driver: r600 libGL error: unable to load driver: swrast_dri.so libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast


I understand that one of the main points of using the sigmoid function on responses in binary classification is that we can interpret value outputted as the probability that an instance belongs to 1 of the classes say A, and as it's binary classification, 1-(this probability) gives the probability of it belonging to class B. My question is: what if there are more than 2 classes, say n, what is the generalization of the sigmoid function?

In the last layer of  'CNNs'   it is common to use softmax  activation functions for multi-class classification.I would like to know if is it necessary using a softmax activation function when creating a CNN for image classification task, and does it have nothing to do with the optimizer used to train the model ?


So I have a table where I just can't get multirow to work and i don't know what I am doing wrong. It's a pretty long table so bear with me.   \begin{table}[H] \caption{Utflöden} \label{Utflöde} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline     \rowcolor{white} Ström & Ämne & Storlek $[kg/h]$ & Viktade värde \\\hline     \multirow{9}{0.1\linewidth}{12} & Vatten &6089,12 &5841,87 \\\cline{2-4}     & Syrgas  & 0,09 & 0,086 \\\cline{2-4}     & Eten & 0,0048 & 0,0046 \\\cline{2-4}     & HCl & 425,34 & 408,07 \\\cline{2-4}     & EDC (Prod.) & 118,7 & 113,88\\\cline{2-4}     & Kloretan & 121,31 &116,38 \\\cline{2-4}     & $CO_2$ & 2,4 & 2,30 \\\cline{2-4}     & Trikloretan & 18,22 & 17,48 \\\cline{2-4}     & NaCl & 255,71 & 245,33 \\\hline     \multirow{7}{0.1\linewidth}{16} & Syrgas & 1,17 & 1,12 \\\cline{2-4}     & Eten & 3,21 & 3,08 \\\cline{2-4}     & HCl & 3,47 & 3,33 \\\cline{2-4}     & EDC (Prod.) & 10423,23 & 10000 \\\cline{2-4}     & Kloretan & 112,19 & 107,63 \\\cline{2-4}     & $CO_2$ & 52,17 & 50,05 \\\cline{2-4}     & Trikloretan & 485,2 & 565,50 \\\hline     \multirow{8}{0.1\linewidth}{17} & Vatten & 1,91 & 1,83 \\\cline{2-4}     & Syrgas & 371,17 & 356,10 \\\cline{2-4}     & Eten & 51,32 & 49,24 \\\cline{2-4}     & HCl & 20,53 & 19,70 \\\cline{2-4}     & EDC (Prod.) & 43,61 & 41,84 \\\cline{2-4}     & Kloretan & 20,29 & 19,47 \\\cline{2-4}     & $CO_2$ & 610,02 & 585,25 \\\cline{2-4}     & Trikloretan & 0,2 & 0,19 \\\cline{2-4} \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table}   I have \usepackage{multirow} and also \rowcolors{2}{color1}{color2} if that makes any difference where color1 and color2 are just some grey colors. I get the outcome looking like this with no hint of \multirow working at all.

The \multirow text is covered by the background color. Does someone know why and can fix it?    \begin{table}[h]     \caption{caption}      \label{tab}      \centering     \begin{tabular}{cccccc}         \toprule         & & A & B & C & D \\         \midrule         \rowcolor{gray!10}             \multirow{2}{*}{Rosso}  & Pruning & - & - & 6-C-Pr & - \\         \rowcolor{gray!10}                                 & Stalks & - & - & 6-C-S & - \\             \multirow{2}{*}{Verde}  & Pruning & - & - & 6-M-Pr & - \\                                 & Stalks & - & - & 6-M-S & - \\         \rowcolor{gray!10}             \multirow{2}{*}{Blu}    & Pruning & 4-Pa-Pr & 5-Pa-Pr & 6-Pa-Pr & 7-Pa-Pr \\         \rowcolor{gray!10}                                 & Stalks & 4-Pa-S & 5-Pa-S & 6-Pa-S & 7-Pa-S \\             \multirow{2}{*}{Bianco}         & Pruning & - & - & 6-W-Pr & - \\                                 & Stalks & - & - & 6-W-Pr & - \\             \bottomrule         \end{tabular} \end {table}


This might be a dupe but I couldn't find it, so I am posting it, taking a dreadful risk.  Alright, someone posts a comment on my post. It goes to my inbox. He then edits his comment, the inbox message doesn't reflect this change. It stays like that.  Noticed this here:    Original message is "yes, completely! :D"    After edit, it is this...  So, is this  or ?

At the moment, I have the latest notification in the global inbox, content of which does not correspond either to the comment itself or the copy of it on "recent responses" page. This seems like the comment was edited and the updated version was not copied to the global inbox.    ETA: OK, now this looks more coherent.


I read that its possible to create template method. I have something like this in my code  File : Student.h  class Student { public:     template<class typeB>      void PrintGrades(); };   File: Student.cpp  #include "Student.h" #include <iostream>  template<class typeB>  void Student::PrintGrades() {     typeB s= "This is string";     std::cout << s; }   Now in main.cpp  Student st; st.PrintGrades<std::string>();   Now I get a linker Error:  Error   1   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall Student::PrintGrades<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > >(void)" (??$PrintGrades@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@Student@@QAEXXZ) referenced in function _main   Any suggestion on what I might be doing wrong ?

Quote from :     The only portable way of using templates at the moment is to implement them in header files by using inline functions.   Why is this?  (Clarification: header files are not the only portable solution. But they are the most convenient portable solution.)


A function $f:[a,b] \to [a,b]$ is said to have a fixed point $c \in [a,b]$ if $f(c)=c$. Show that every continuous function $f$ mapping $[a,b]$ onto itself has at least one fixed point. I came up with a basic proof of this. I don't think it's quite correct, but let me know what you think.  Suppose $f:[a,b] \to [a,b]$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ Since the domain and codomain of $f$ are the same, $f(x)=x$ Let $\varepsilon>0, c \in[a,b]$ Let $\delta= \varepsilon$ Suppose $|x-c|<\delta$ $\Rightarrow |x-c|<\varepsilon$ $\Rightarrow |f(x)-f(c)|<\varepsilon$ Thus, $\lim_{x \to c} f(x)=f(c)$ and therefore $f(x)$ is continuous for all $c \in [a,b]$ Then $f(c)=c$ for all $c \in [a,b]$ Thus, every continuous $f$ mapping $[a,b]$ onto itself has at least one fixed point

Question: Let $a, b \in \mathbb{R}$ with $a < b$ and let $f: [a,b] \rightarrow [a,b]$ continuous. Show: $f$ has a fixed point, that is, there is an $x \in [a,b]$ with $f(x)=x$.  I suppose this has to do with the basic definition of continuity. The definition I am using is that $f$ is continuous at $a$ if $\displaystyle \lim_{x \to a} f(x)$ exists and if $\displaystyle \lim_{x \to a} f(x) = f(a)$. I must not be understanding it, since I am not sure how to begin showing this... Should I be trying to show that $x$ is both greater than or equal to and less than or equal to $\displaystyle \lim_{x \to a} f(x)$ ?


I just wanted to download a YouTube video using youtube-dl, however, zsh interprets the questionmark ? (which separates the query part of the URL) as a globbing wildcard operator (which matches any single character) and thus it aborts the command with the following error message:   $ youtube-dl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDSESarTQXk zsh: no matches found: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDSESarTQXk   Is there a way to make zsh recognize URLs, perhaps using regular expression, so that it doesn’t try to glob them?

I downloaded youtube-dl using pip on CrunchBang (a Debian Wheezy distro). When I run   youtube-dl {video URL}   I get  zsh: no matches found: {video URL}   I guess it has something to do with zsh, because I found some users on Arch forums complaining about it. When I switched to bash it worked.


Using surface - slope analysis tool box. All values for the slope calculation are in between 80 and 89. There are no values below 80. What am I doing wrong?

I have downloaded SRTM GDEM (~90m resolution). I am using ArcGIS 10. I have tried to use the Spatial Analyst tool to compute for slope. However, I cannot compute for the slope. The output values has only two ranges 0 and 0.1-90. I am not really sure what the problem is.


I have installed Ubuntu using wubi from windows. But somehow Tamil fonts came up. Tamil fonts are appearing in menu bar. Files and folders are even named in Tamil.  How can I remove Tamil language and make US English the default?

The default language used in our laptop is Tamil. We don't know how to switch back to English. If we type something we are getting something.   We don't know the font name or version. Even the Menu bar and task bar contents are in Tamil.


Supposing $a\neq b \in \mathbb{R}$, for $$ A_n =\begin{bmatrix} p_1 &a &\ldots &a &a \\ b &p_2 &\ldots &a &a \\ \vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots &\vdots \\ b &b &\ldots &p_{n-1} &a\\ b &b &\ldots &b &p_n \end{bmatrix} $$ (Other than on the diagonal line, entries are either $a$ or $b$'s.) Show that $$ \textrm{det}(A_n) =\frac{bf(a) -af(b)}{b-a} $$ where $$ f(x) :=(p_1-x) (p_2-x)\dotsb (p_n-x) $$  I tried many values, and it seems to be correct. My obvious idea is to show this by mathematical induction, but things gets messy. And the expression seems to allow an application of MVT, but it is not clear how to proceed.

Let $f(x)=(p_1-x)\cdots (p_n-x)$ $p_1,\ldots, p_n\in \mathbb R$ and let $a,b\in \mathbb R$ such that $a\neq b$  Prove that $\det A={bf(a)-af(b)\over b-a}$ where $A$ is the matrix:  $$\begin{pmatrix}p_1 & a & a & \cdots & a \\ b & p_2 & a & \cdots & a \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ b & b & b & \cdots & p_n \end{pmatrix}$$  that is the entries $k_{ij}=a$ if $i<j$, $k_{ij}=p_i$ if $i=j$ and $k_{ij}=b$ if $i>j$  I tried to do it by induction over $n$. The base case for $n=2$ is easy $\det(A)=p_1p_2-ba={bf(a)-af(b)\over b-a}$  The induction step is where I don´t know what to do. I tried to solve the dterminant by brute force(applying my induction hypothesis for n and prove it for n+1) but I don´t know how to reduce it. It gets horrible.  I would really appreciate if you can help me with this problem. Any comments, suggestions or hints would be highly appreciated


How do you convert date to MM/DD HH/MM  example: 04-05 12:42

I want to convert a string like this:  '10/15/2008 10:06:32 PM'   into the equivalent DATETIME value in Sql Server.  In Oracle, I would say this:  TO_DATE('10/15/2008 10:06:32 PM','MM/DD/YYYY HH:MI:SS AM')    implies that I must parse the string into one of the , and then convert using one of those codes.  That seems ludicrous for such a mundane operation.  Is there an easier way?


Going from non-relativistic quantum mechanics(QM) to QFT there is a marked change in the approach used. QM almost exclusively uses Hamiltonains. Lagrangian based methods like the path-integrals are seldom used. In QFT a Lagrangian based approach seems to be more widespread, although  Hamiltonians can also be used. Why is this so? Is the reason historical or is it a matter of " this method works better for this situation"? Or does it have anything to do with the relativistic nature of QFT?

Why does Quantum Field Theory use usually Lagrangians rather than Hamiltonains?  I heard many reasons, but I'm not sure which is true.   Some say it's just a matter of beauty, so Lagrangians are more beautiful because they don't break/separate the space-time variables (so space-time is a single variable, like in the Klein-Gordon Lagrangian and Hamiltonian).  Some say that Hamiltonians are not always Lorentz invariant.  Could someone explain in a little bit more details?


Prove $(U \otimes V) \otimes W \cong U \otimes (V \otimes W)$.   $U, V, W$ are finite dimensional vector spaces over a field. How can I prove that using the universal property of the tensor product?  Is there an isomorphism $\phi: (U \otimes V) \otimes W \to U \otimes (V \otimes W)$ that satisfies $\phi((u \otimes v) \otimes w) = u \otimes (v \otimes w)$?  Thank you in advance.  Edit: Is this a valid proof?  Let $(e_1, ..., e_n)$ be a basis of $U$, $(f_1, ..., f_m)$ be a basis of $V$, $(g_1, ..., g_r)$ be a basis of $W$. Then $(((e_i \otimes f_j), w_k))_{1 \leq i \leq n, 1 \leq j \leq m, 1\leq k \leq r}$ is a basis of $(U \otimes V) \times W$.  Define $\phi: (U \otimes V) \times W \to U \otimes (V \otimes W)$ by $\phi((e_i \otimes f_j), w_k) := e_i \otimes (f_j \otimes g_k)$. $\phi$ is bilinear.  Claim: $(U \otimes (V \otimes W), \phi)$ is a tensor product of $U \otimes V$ and $W$. Then the statement follows.  To show this by the universal property let $\phi': (U \otimes V) \times W \to P$ be bilinear. Then there is exactly one morphism $\gamma: U \otimes (V \otimes W) \to P$ given by $\gamma(e_i \otimes (f_j \otimes g_k)) = \phi'(e_i \otimes f_j, g_k)$, since $((e_i \otimes (f_j \otimes g_k)))_{1 \leq i \leq n, 1 \leq j \leq m, 1\leq k \leq r}$ is a basis of $U \otimes (V \otimes W) \to P$.

I want to show that $X\otimes(Y\otimes Z)$ is isomorphic to $(X\otimes Y)\otimes Z$.  Intuitively I think I should just choose bases $\{e_{i}\}_{i\in I}, \{f_{j}\}_{j\in J}$, and $\{g_{k}\}_{k\in K}$ for $X,Y,Z$ and map  $$e_{i}\otimes(f_{j}\otimes g_{k})\mapsto (e_{i}\otimes f_{j})\otimes g_{k}$$  This defines a bijective correspondence between basis elements and so should induce a vector space isomorphism.    Is there a way to do this using the universal property of the tensor product?    $\bf{\text{Context:}}$  I am working through Introduction to Tensor Products of Banach Spaces by Raymond Ryan, and am working on exercises at the end of the first chapter.  I'll try to summarize what I have available.  We defined the space $X\otimes Y$ to be linear functionals on the space $B(X\times Y)$ of bilinear maps on $X\times Y$.  That is, $x\otimes y:A\mapsto A(x,y)$ for $A\in B(X\times Y)$.  We have stated and proved  $\bf{\text{Universal Property of Tensor Products}}$:  Let $X,Y,Z$ be vector spaces.  For every bilinear $A:X\times Y\to Z$ there is a unique linear map $\hat{A}:X\otimes Y\to Z$ such that $\hat{A}(x\otimes y) = A(x,y)$.  Next we proved that the Tensor product is unique up to isomorphism (in the sense of having this property).  We did not define any higher tensor product structure such as $\otimes_{i\in I}X_{i}$.


I love having my cpu temperatures on constant live display on windows 7, I would like to know if there is a way to get an extremely similar experience as CoreTemp on windows gives you, (Temperatures Displayed Live On the Toolbar like in the picture I provided) Thank you for any help you can offer as I am pretty new to Ubuntu 17.10

I'm new to the whole Linux concept. I start up SpeedFan and it comes up with a error saying "Privileged instruction". I'm very new to this, so if someone could tell me how to fix this step by step, it would be greatly appreciated.


I have a list that contains mostly pandas series objects and a few float values.  I want to look through the entire list and remove all the entries that just float and retain the ones that are series objects.  What's the best way to do it?

How do I see the type of a variable whether it is unsigned 32 bit, signed 16 bit, etc.?  How do I view it?


If we had a radio antenna produce visible light would it degrade the quality of the antenna due  to the light production.  How fast would be the degradation?

If a radio could produce waves in the visible light spectrum, what would the result be?  This is a thought experiment that I've pondered for a few years now.  I realize there are a few/many real-world constraints, but if we lifted these constraints for the sake of thought, what could we expect?  Personally, I don't see why we wouldn't observe visible light emitting from the antenna, disregarding any light from Blackbody Radiation.


Does the construct "Go + to + noun phrase" always express going somewhere, a specific physical location?  For example:   Go to school Go to the movies Go to the nearest store They went to Paris We will go to my aunt's G̶o̶ ̶t̶o̶ ̶t̶h̶e̶ ̶b̶a̶c̶k̶ ̶o̶f̶ ̶t̶h̶e̶ ̶l̶i̶n̶e̶   Not taking into account expressions like go to hell and noun phrases that can't be looked up in a map.

Why do British speakers omit the article in constructions like "go to hospital" or "go on holiday"? Pretty much all American speakers would rephrase those as "go to the hospital" and "go on a holiday", I think. Is there any good reason, or forgotten sense behind those words that might explain why the articles are ommitted?  Are there other common constructions other than those two that the British use that drop the article?  EDIT: I just realized per Kosmonaut's comment that Americans do much the same thing with a few nouns, so this isn't all that special.   Do grammaticists designate nouns that can have their article dropped with anything, i.e. do they have anything in common?


Hi want to install apache in my virtual box ubuntu but when I try to download apache it shows to me the same error.

Err http://archive.canonical.com natty InRelease     Err http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security InRelease                Err http://extras.ubuntu.com natty InRelease                             Err http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security Release.gpg   Temporary failure resolving ‘security.ubuntu.com’ Err http://archive.canonical.com natty Release.gpg   Temporary failure resolving ‘archive.canonical.com’ Err http://extras.ubuntu.com natty Release.gpg   Temporary failure resolving ‘extras.ubuntu.com’ Err http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric InRelease Err http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates InRelease Err http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com natty-backports InRelease Err http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric Release.gpg   Temporary failure resolving ‘gb.archive.ubuntu.com’ Err http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates Release.gpg   Temporary failure resolving ‘gb.archive.ubuntu.com’ Err http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com natty-backports Release.gpg   Temporary failure resolving ‘gb.archive.ubuntu.com’  Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric/InRelease       W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-updates/InRelease   W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/natty-backports/InRelease   W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-security/InRelease   W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/natty/InRelease   W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/natty/InRelease   W: Failed to fetch http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/dists/natty/Release.gpg  Temporary failure resolving ‘archive.canonical.com’ W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-security/Release.gpg  Temporary failure resolving ‘security.ubuntu.com’ W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/natty/Release.gpg  Temporary failure resolving ‘extras.ubuntu.com’ W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric/Release.gpg  Temporary failure resolving ‘gb.archive.ubuntu.com’ W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-updates/Release.gpg  Temporary failure resolving ‘gb.archive.ubuntu.com’ W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/natty-backports/Release.gpg  Temporary failure resolving ‘gb.archive.ubuntu.com’ W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.   This is what I'm seeing when I try to run sudo apt-get update. I did an update on my instance yesterday and am now experiencing this.


If this is the wrong place, sorry. It's the best place I could think of to ask.  Goal:  I want to create a PDF with viewable data onscreen. If anyone trys to print it, I want the paper to be blank, have a different message (Thou shall not steal.), all black, whatever.  I don't know how to do this, but firstly I need to know what opensource  software is the best, and robust in features, for attempting this.  I do not want to edit content or drag-and-drop.  I need something that effectively lets me manipulate the actual code of the PDF file.  I will have to muddle through learning PDF programming later.   I know I could use standard security features to protect the PDF from printing.

I typically have two needs:  Scenario A. Change a single PDF page.  In this case I have a PDF but not the original source file used to create the PDF. I don't want to try to recreate the document from scratch. I'd like to open the PDF and change a few things. A good example of this scenario: I was responsible for planning a big event at a campground site, I had a PDF of the site. I wanted to start with that document, highlight some parts, add some labels, remove some parts that weren't relevant.   or   Scenario B. Combine PDFs or extract page(s) from a PDF  This scenario usually arises because I want a single PDF deliverable that is made up of parts that are best created in different programs. In this case I have the source files for all the documents but they don't play well enough together to easily create a single PDF deliverable. For part of it, I may want to use Libre Office Writer. For another page I may want to use Gimp. Still another page I may use Libre Office Calc. I could use Writer as the master document and embed images or the Calc object into that, but for ultimate control, you can't beat separate PDF documents that are then combined.  What are the best tools / processes for editing PDFs in Ubuntu?


I am a beginner programmer. I wrote the following code to copy the one string into other, using pointers. But I am not getting the output. The compiler says segmentation fault. I have gone over and over the program, but to no avail. I am not able to locate the fault, and how to fix it. It would be hard to believe but I have been stuck for almost 2 hours now. Any help is greatly appreciated.  #include<stdio.h>  char *copy(char*, char*);  int main() {     char *str1 = "avanti";     char *str2 = "ujj";      printf("%s\n", str1);      char *result = copy(str1, str2);      printf("%s", result); }  char *copy(char *str1, char *str2){     int i=0;     while (*(str2+i) != '\0') {         *(str1+i) = *(str2+i);         i++;     }      *(str1+i) = '\0';     return str1; }

The following code receives seg fault on line 2:  char *str = "string"; str[0] = 'z';  // could be also written as *str = 'z' printf("%s\n", str);   While this works perfectly well:  char str[] = "string"; str[0] = 'z'; printf("%s\n", str);   Tested with MSVC and GCC.


I have a stack of coins that have different currencies.  Where can I conveniently convert them into USD or (less preferable) gift cards? Ideally, I would like 1) not to have to sort them 2) avoid fees or unfavorable exchange rates.  Coinstar machines don't work with foreign currencies.    ()  I live in California.

Tonight I just cleaned my room and while doing this I found some money. I counted it and I found out that there are a lot of coins from 25 different countries.  I know that normally banks don't exchange foreign currencies in coins, but is there a way so that I can still get some money for my foreign coins?


I'm going to have a new PC and I will uninstall everything on my old PC (reset to factory setting). I need to know if this affect my Steam installation on the new PC in any way. Will I still have my games on my new PC? I know they'll not be installed but will they still be in my library?

Can I uninstall purchased games from my computer and then later download them through Steam without having to re-purchase if I'd like to?   I'm running short on space on my laptop, looking to free up some space and wanted to be sure that I can safely re-download anything at a later time similar to how you can with the Xbox Live marketplace.


I need some help. I do not understand how to get the answer (solution) to this question. I could not solve it, neither did it help when I saw the answer. This is a question from the chapter combinatorics from my textbook. Should be noted that my textbook has not be explaining anything that resembles this kinds of questions. So I am stuck. I would appreciate some insights. Thanks.  The question:  Let $n \in \mathbb{Z^+}$. How many solutions are there to the equation: $$x+y+z=n$$ such that $x,y,z \in \mathbb{N}$?   The answer:      $\frac{1}{2}(n^{2} + 3n + 2)$   How did they arrive at this answer?

How to use the  method?  Say I want to find number of combinations I can get with $x_1+x_2+x_3+x_4=22$,  where $x_i\in\mathbb{N}$.  Is this the correct time to apply the method?  This is being repurposed in an effort to cut down on duplicates, see here:     and here:


This is a basic notation question. With trig functions like $\sin{x}$ and $\cos{x}$, if they are raised to a power, let's say $a$, then we write it, in the case of $\sin{x}$, as $\sin^a{x}$. However, with regards to logarithms, I've been wondering if the notation is the same; is $(\ln{x})^a$ written as $\ln^a{x}$? That'd simplify and clarify some working significantly. Thank you for your help in this trivial matter.

What is it used for and why  doesn't it equal $\log{x^2}$?


How do you unlock Shampoodle in Animal Crossing New Leaf?

I need a haircut; how do I get access to Shampoodles in this game? Her shop is greyed out and I don't like my haircut. Is it still part of Nooks' or what?


Lets say I have a class:  class SomeClass(SomeSuper) :     def __init__(self) :         #some things   But just because the class is generated from somewhere like Qt-Designer .ui to .py I dont want to touch that class, yet I want to add a built in function that is overridden from the class's super class - say:  def closeEvent(self, e)     #some things   Is there a way I can have:   a = SomeClass() a.closeEvent()    where closeEvent() is outside the class somewhere else and is wired to the class?

I've read that it is possible to add a method to an existing object (i.e., not in the class definition) in Python.   I understand that it's not always good to do so. But how might one do this?


I am having problems writing a code in java to compute n! without recursion. I know how to do it in loops, but I am not sure how to do it non-recursively.  procedure factorial  if n = 1 or n = 0 return 1 if n>1 return(n*factorial(n-1)) end

How would you write a non-recursive algorithm to compute n!?


I have just been reading page 93-4 of Effective Java, but I have come across the term a mixin. But I am finding it difficult to visualise what a mixin actually is. Could anybody please help me out by providing an example of a Mixin in Java. Thank you for your help because I have searched Stackoverfolw and the Internet, but found nothing really conclusive of clear.

Using Java 6, how can I implement a ? It is very easy and possible in Ruby. How can I get similar in Java?


i am trying to get my bluetooth working and looked on the forum for answers,what i found, that i thought might work was a command,  sudo apt-get install bluetooth. i typed this into  the terminal emulator, followed by a prompt to enter my pass word, it would not let me put my pass word in,what can i do know ? i am running Bionic Beaver 18.04 on a dell studio inspiron 1557 i have tried several times but keeps asking for pass word,which it will not let me enter,I am using my ubuntu log in pass word,but still the terminal emulator will not allow it!

When I'm about to install a program in the terminal it wants the password:  [sudo] password for xxx:   But when I start to type my password nothing happens. What should I do?


Now that gravitational waves are confirmed. Not to mention the other numerous experimental verifications. Why do we still need an elusive graviton? Isn't there not enough evidence that the space-time curvature is a thing? Please don't mind if the question is stupid, I'm not a physicist, it's a hobby of a sort.

It is well known that quantum mechanics and (general) relativity do not fit well. I am wondering whether it is possible to make a list of contradictions or problems between them?  E.g. relativity theory uses a space-time continuum, while quantum theory uses discrete states.  I am not merely looking for a solution or rebuttal of such opposites, more for a survey of the field out of interest.


Lets say I do this: letter = input('Please enter a letter: ')  And I want to immediately stop the input after only one letter that the player typed. How do I do it? Thanks!!

Is there a way of reading one single character from the user input? For instance, they press one key at the terminal and it is returned (sort of like getch()). I know there's a function in Windows for it, but I'd like something that is cross-platform.


I know that Maclaurin series are a special case of Taylor series where we set $a=0$, and it is useful for exponential functions (for example). But my question is: Are Taylor series (evaluate at some other point different to zero) really useful in practice?

I started learning about the  in my calculus class, and although I understand the material well enough, I'm not really sure what actual applications there are for the series.  Question: What are the practical applications of the Taylor Series? Whether it's in a mathematical context, or in real world examples.


A question from G.Polya:  prove $$1 + \frac 1 4 + \frac 1 9 + \frac 1 {16} + \cdots  =  \log x \cdot \log (1 - x) + \frac {x+(1-x)} {1} + \frac {x^2 + (1-x)^2}{4}+\frac{x^3+(1-x)^3}{9}+\cdots$$ for $0<x<1$.  The answer says:  $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n^2}=\int_0^x \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{t^{n-1}}{n}dt = - \int_0^{x} t^{-1}\log(1-t)dt;$ integrate by parts then introduce as new variable of integration $s=1-t$.  Following the answer, I got $$- \int_0^{x} t^{-1}\log(1-t)dt=-\log(1-x)\log x+\int _1^ {1-x}\frac{\log(1-t)}tdt.$$ But how to proceed?

How to prove  $$\zeta(2)-\log(x)\log(1-x)=\operatorname{Li}_2(x)+\operatorname{Li}_2(1-x)$$ I havent started, any hints?


I have a txt file. Right now, I need to load it line by line, and check how many times a '@' are in the entire file.  So, basically, I have a single line string, how to get the # of occurances of '@' fast?   I need to count this fast since we have lots of files like this and each of them are about 300-400MB.  I searched, it seems the straightforward way is the fastest way to do this:  int num = 0; foreach (char c in line) {     if (c == '@') num++; }   Is there a different method that could be faster than this? Any other suggestions?   if needed, we do not have to load the txt file line by line, but we do need to know the # lines in each file.   Thanks

I am doing something where I realised I wanted to count how many /s I could find in a string, and then it struck me, that there were several ways to do it, but couldn't decide on what the best (or easiest) was.  At the moment I'm going with something like:  string source = "/once/upon/a/time/"; int count = source.Length - source.Replace("/", "").Length;   But I don't like it at all, any takers?  I don't really want to dig out RegEx for this, do I?  I know my string is going to have the term I'm searching for, so you can assume that...  Of course for strings where length > 1,  string haystack = "/once/upon/a/time"; string needle = "/"; int needleCount = ( haystack.Length - haystack.Replace(needle,"").Length ) / needle.Length;


Does $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sqrt[n]e-1}{n}$$ converge or diverge? Could you please help me out with this one? I tried the ratio test, but it's inconclusive... I also tried to use the inequality $e^x \ge x+1$, but it doesn't get me anywhere.

Does the following series converge or diverge:  $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{3^{1/\sqrt{n}}-1}{n}$$  Many thanks!


What flag should be used when it appears that a user is asking how to program malicious code through stack overflow?  Example Question:   I used the "it needs moderator attention" option and then selected "other", but is this the best tactic?

How should we treat questions that are, or have seeds of, evil or malicious purposes and actions, such as writing spambots and malware?    Should they be answered like regular "everybody keeps their pants on" questions? Or should there be some other type of response to this bad behaviour lot?


#include <stdio.h>  int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ int *ia[5]={0,1,2,3,4};   iap=ia;  printf("ia[3]:%d\n",3[ia]);  return 0;    }  Why is that line working in C?

As Joel points out in , in  (aka: K & R), there is mention of this property of arrays in C: a[5] == 5[a]  Joel says that it's because of pointer arithmetic but I still don't understand. Why does a[5] == 5[a]?


Let $a_n$ be a positive sequence such that $S_n = \sum\limits_{k=1}^n a_k$ diverges.   I'm trying to prove $\sum\limits_{k=1}^n \frac{a_n}{S_n}$ diverges.   I tried summation by parts, limit comparison and Stolz theorem in many different combinations and am still stuck with nothing.

So I've been trying to figure out how to prove the following.     Let $(a_n)$ be a sequence of positive numbers such that $\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty a_n =\infty$, and define $s_n=\sum\limits_{i=1}^n a_i$. Then $\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty\frac{a_n}{s_n} =\infty$ as well.   I can prove it by comparing it to $\int_1^\infty \frac{1}{x} \, dx $ if the sequence $a_n$ is bounded by some $M$, but that's as far as I've been able to get.


N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/noobslab/icons2/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/ravefinity-project/ppa/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

When updating, I get the following error message:   W: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/mc3man/trusty-media/ubuntu xenial Release' does not have a Release file.   Here, I find another statement on this error:   This recommends removing certain PPAs; and, I'm not sure if I should do that since it might mean not getting the updates that I need.    Is this what I should do?


What is the the difference between Protego Horribilis and Protego Maxima?  Flitwick used Protego Horribilis in Battle of Hogwarts to defend to castle.  Protego maxima is the standard, stronger version of Protego (not unlike Lumos Maxima).  The only difference I could find is that Protego Horribilis produces a wind-like effect.  Maybe the difference is in the range?

At the beginning of , someone (who I think is Newt Scamander) says the spell "Lumos Maxima". The problem is that Lumos Maxima is not a canon spell. The spell that everyone uses in the books is Lumos. (Rowling has said "That's showbiz!" when asked about the movies versions of the spells.)  A fact that further complicated matters is that JKR said  that she "wrote the entire script".  So why does Fantastic Beasts have Lumos Maxima?  (An out of universe answer is fine, I'm more of trying to figure out where this movie stands canonwise than trying to mesh two incompatible things.)


I have two loops fist is wile loop and first is for loop witch iterate try at dynamic variable I want to stop the wile loop after no more new values are appending to the list in the for loop. usernames is dynamic it change every time the for loop iterate.     while n < 10000:         for each in usernames:             user_list.append(each)         if(some condition to break the loop):            break

Given the following code (that doesn't work):  while True:     #snip: print out current state     while True:         ok = get_input("Is this ok? (y/n)")         if ok.lower() == "y": break 2 #this doesn't work :(         if ok.lower() == "n": break     #do more processing with menus and stuff   Is there a way to make this work? Or do I have do one check to break out of the input loop, then another, more limited, check in the outside loop to break out all together if the user is satisfied?


x^4 + y^4 + z^4 + 1 = 4xyz No. Of triplets of real numbers satisfying the eqn? I'm not able to figure how to approach this problem.

QUESTION Find the number of triples $$(x,y,z)$$ of real numbers satisfying the equation $$x^4+y^4+z^4+1=4xyz$$  I have tried to solve this problem but can't quite understand how to manipulate the given data to reach a clear result. Could someone please explain how I should approach and solve this problem.Thanks :)


I have a problem with my COD4's iw3sp.exe, as i run the game, it exited during intro/load of the game without any message. How can i fix this? Running on Windows 7 32-bit.  *Multiplayer works just fine

I just installed Call of Duty 4 and when I try to run the single player mode nothing happens. I just see a quick flicker on the desktop but the game doesn't launch. When I try to run it again, it gives me this message:      It appears that cod4 did not quit properly the last time it ran. Do you want to run the game in safe mode?    Multiplayer seems to work fine and when I try to switch to single player from the multiplayer menu the same thing happens, it just goes back to my desktop and that message shows up again


I recently read about a new JavaScript framework that also has a native mobile development initiative.  The framework claims to perform faster due to architectural differences, and I would like to know more about this. What is a suitable Stack Exchange site to ask this type of question?

There seems to be more than a few computer science/programming Stack Exchange networks (is that the correct term?). Stack Overflow, being the first, has by far the most users, questions, and answers.  What is the reasoning for creating the others, and are there clear guidelines for which kinds of questions should be posted? I can see a large amount of potential overflow, many cases of people not getting a good answer to their question, because the person who has the answer isn't browsing that particular network at the moment.  I understand that they were probably created for organizational purposes, but wouldn't it almost make more sense to just have them as categories under Stack Overflow, keep them separated but still connected, instead of making people have to create multiple 'account's, one for each network?  I am sure there was a very good reason to break them up, but as someone that is new to SE, it can be somewhat intimidating to decide which one to post in to ensure you get a good answer. For example, if I am a computer science student, my first instinct might to be to post in the computer science network, until I see that it literally has 1% of the users as the Stack Overflow network, which still seems to be for programming/computer science related questions.  So my second instinct would then to be to post it into the Stack Overflow site on the basis that I have a significantly higher chance of my question being seen and getting a good answer. Then I notice that there is also a 'programmers' network, and I don't even begin to know where that fits in. I, and I am assuming most people, will probably just post on Stack Overflow to be safe.  My question is, other than the short little description blurb of each one, is there a clear cut set of guidelines which what each network is intended for, what kinds of questions should go to each one, and is anything being done to encourage people to post in these newer, smaller (more specialized?) networks as opposed to just posting in big daddy Stack Overflow?  Now again, this is for computer science/programming/"why isn't this code doing what I want?" related questions, I am not saying that if I had a question about Linux or WordPress or something I would have the same confusion.


Before the question, here’s some background story: My uncle just brought me his old Canon EOS 100 that he cannot use anymore because there is nowhere where he can develop photos. I am not going to use that old camera for many reasons.  The question is: Is there any adapter which allows me to use those lenses (Canon EF 28-80mm 1:3.5-5.6 and EF 100-300mm 1:4.5-5.6, both ultrasonic) on my Nikon D3400 DSLR?

I've got some lenses of brand X, but I've just got a new camera of brand Y. How can I tell if it's possible to use my lenses on my camera? I accept that I may lose a lot of automatic functionality like autofocus, aperture control and metering when using an adapter to connect the two.


Disclaimer: I'm a starting-level-student.  How do I prove or deny this?  $$\lim_{n\to \infty} \sqrt[n]{2^n - n^2} = 2$$  I have a feeling that this expression doesn't getting closer to 2 but I can't find how to prove this.  I've tried 2 ways:  First -   $$|\sqrt[n]{2^n - n^2} - 2| < \epsilon$$  from the definition of limits, trying to evaluate this expression and deny it but I'm not getting anywhere.  So can I get some help on how to solve this ?

I'm having quite hard time proving the following statement: $$\lim_{n\to\infty}\sqrt[n]{2^n-n^2}=2$$  I though about using the squeeze theorem. So I started to look for upper and lower expressions and quickly found an upper limit to the expression,  $$\sqrt[n]{2^n-n^2}<\sqrt[n]{2^n}=2$$  However, I found it very difficult to find the lower limit. Help would be appreciated!.


Source part: if [ $(jq -r '.patch_at' update.json) -ge "4" ]; then     recentlycheckedat=$(echo '('`date +"%s.%N"` ' * 1000000)/1' | bc)     contents="$(jq '.recently_checked_at = "$recentlycheckedat"' update.json)" && \     echo "${contents}" > update.json # have to fix, its literally writing $recentlycheckedat fi  Focus: contents="$(jq '.recently_checked_at = "$recentlycheckedat"' update.json)"  How to insert the content of the variable "recentlycheckedat" instead of literally printing out "$recentlycheckedat"? It stores the current timestamp as a command on a variable, but this variable can't work inserted in a command inside another variable. How to achieve this? And feel free to edit with an more appropriate title. full source -  Update - solution: ".recently_checked_at = "$recentlycheckedat"" (many thanks to @ilkkachu)

I am trying to pass a variable into jq like this '.Linux.date.$var' so far I have tried quoting them by name which is working fine. But I want to use variable to call them.  I have this, which is working fine  exectime=$(date -d now);     cp $check_exec_history $check_exec_history.tmp     jq --arg key1 true --arg key2 "$exectime" --arg name "$name" '.Linux.script_executed.first = $key1 | .Linux.date_executed.first = $key2' $check_exec_history.tmp > $check_exec_history;      rm $check_exec_history.tmp;   I want to get to this, but not working:  name=first; exectime=$(date -d now); cp $check_exec_history $check_exec_history.tmp jq --arg key1 true --arg key2 "$exectime" --arg name "$name" ".Linux.script_executed.$name = $key1 | .Linux.date_executed.$name = $key2" $check_exec_history.tmp > $check_exec_history;  rm $check_exec_history.tmp;   I came this far: using this answer  But I am not sure where I am doing mistake.  name=first; exectime=$(date -d now);     cp $check_exec_history $check_exec_history.tmp     jq --arg key1 true --arg key2 "$exectime" --arg name "$name" '.Linux.script_executed.name==$name = $key1 | .Linux.date_executed.name==$name = $key2' $check_exec_history.tmp > $check_exec_history; rm $check_exec_history.tmp;


I am talking about the usernames of the form user****** assigned by the system. They can be quite confusing when multiple users with usernames of that format participate in the comments. Yes, a member's username is his own business and no it's not the end of the world to spend a few extra seconds to check the names more carefully, but it's still somewhat annoying.  What I propose is to prevent reputation progress when the user reaches a , that's when he or she can create new wiki entries. A limit on 50 or 100 would work equally well as long as it gets done. Of course the pending reputation will be rewarded once the new name is set.  Another solution would be to reward a badge for it, as a new user I was going after them and I suspect many new users will (Jeff Atwood even ).  At this point I'm neither for nor against this system. Even to me it does sound a bit... well... authoritarian. What is your opinion?    Edit: This came up in the comments section of  in a question. The two other participants have now changed their aliases.

When a user signs up , their username is something along the lines of "user########"  Granted, in the welcome email it does say something along the lines of "Head over to your user account page to chose a display name!", however only a few people actually read that email.  I'm not saying we should restrict people from changing their display name again in the future - Everyone would still be able to do so. It's just that when you sign up you choose an initial display name that will be what your first display name is instead of "user########".


I have a point layer "SurfaceLocation".  It has a data field called "AgeRank".  One of the values it can be is "M".    In Modelbuilder, I want to take that layer, select only the points that have a value of "M", and create a new layer in the Table of Contents.  I'm using the "Make Feature Layer" tool.  I use "SurfaceLocation" as the input, apply the correct expression, name the Output layer "Minors" and set the output to "Add to Display".  I run this and nothing happens.  No new layer appears in the Table of Contents.  When I try running it again, I get an error saying the Output Layer "Minors" already exists.  It's not in the Table of Contents, so where is it?  I've tried closing and relaunching ArcMap.  I've tried rebuilding this in a new model (and it still says it already exists).  "Add results of geoprocessing operations to the display" is checked in geoprocessing options.  I've reviewed  and decided to post this question because that didn't have an answer that worked for me.  I was hoping for answers that I could use.    I've tried making the output layer a parameter.  When I run the model, it doesn't even show up at the beginning for a value (the start parameter does).  Unfortunately, I don't know a thing about python yet.  I was hoping there was a tool that I couldn't find that would do this.  Further explanation: Not sure why this simple problem can't have a simple solution.    The model is an oval (layer input) a rectangle (Make Feature Layer) and another oval (layer output).  I want the input to be an existing layer without any definition query.  I want the tool to apply the definition query and output another layer into the TOC.  I do not want to create another feature class. The model doesn't have to look like this.  If I need to string a couple of tools together to do it, that's fine.  * If I was doing this manually, I'd right click on the first layer, select copy, paste it, rename it, and add a definition query.  Then I would "Apply symbology from layer". *  I can't find a tool that does this.  "Make Feature Layer" doesn't put it in the TOC.  It puts it in_memory.  That would be fine if I could then find a tool that takes it out of memory and adds it to the TOC.  Being in_memory doesn't help me.  I want to display it, not do any processing to it.

I'm trying to create a tool in ModelBuilder that will take a new point from a user, create a feature class for this point and display it on a map.  What I've done is:   I've created a feature class for a point-like feature in ArcCatalog. I've prepared a really simple model in ModelBuilder, that starts with a feature set variable (which takes the feature class as a schema and symbology file). The variable is marked as a parameter. Next I'm using the Copy Features tool that takes the variable as input and saves it as a feature class in my scratch workspace. The output feature class is marked as a parameter with the 'add to display' option.   After the module is run I get a shapefile in my scratch workspace. I can add it manually to TOC and it contains the selected point. However no matter what I do, I can't display it in TOC automatically after the model completes.  There is a known issue described in several places that doesn't allow to display newly created layers in TOC when model finishes with the 'add to display' option. However there's a quick workaround, which is to mark the output layer as parameter. In my case it doesn't work.  I'm using ArcGIS for Desktop 10.1 on Windows 7 x86_64.


Let    $\sum_{n=1}^\infty{a_n}{}$   be a convergent series of positive terms.   Show that  $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{\sqrt{a_n}}{n^p}$$   converges for p > $\frac{1}{2}$

I've got a question about the convergence of a series during studying analysis.  If I know that a series of positive real numbers $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n$$ converge, why does $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\left(\frac{a_n}{n^p}\right)^\frac{1}{2}$$ also converge for $p>1$? Although I know about many convergence tests, I don't know how to apply those tests for this case. Since this problem is the form of "series A converge → series B converge", I've been thinking that it must be verified by using some "comparison" tests. Is this thinking correct? All advice is welcome^_^ Thanks.


I have a contact form in a div that fills perfectly the distance between it and the footer in smaller screen resolutions but when the screen is bigger i have a problem: there is white space between the contact-form div and the footer:  this is my css(the important part which helps me keep the footer at the bottom):   html, body {   padding: 0;   margin: 0;   height: 100%; }  body {   font: 400 16px/1.4 'Roboto', sans-serif;   display: flex;   flex-direction: column; }  .contact {   width: 100%;   clear: both;   overflow: hidden;   background: #fff;   padding: 50px 0;   margin-top: 50px; }  .footer {   background: #313a44;   border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;   width: 100%;   flex-shrink: 0;   padding: 50px 0 25px 0; }

    P.S The footer will have dynamic height

I am working on a web application where I want the content to fill the height of the entire screen.  The page has a header, which contains a logo, and account information. This could be an arbitrary height. I want the content div to fill the rest of the page to the bottom.  I have a header div and a content div. At the moment I am using a table for the layout like so:  CSS and HTML    #page {     height: 100%; width: 100% }  #tdcontent {     height: 100%; }  #content {     overflow: auto; /* or overflow: hidden; */ }

...

...

     The entire height of the page is filled, and no scrolling is required.  For anything inside the content div, setting top: 0; will put it right underneath the header. Sometimes the content will be a real table, with its height set to 100%. Putting header inside content will not allow this to work.  Is there a way to achieve the same effect without using the table?  Update:  Elements inside the content div will have heights set to percentages as well. So something at 100% inside the div will fill it to the bottom. As will two elements at 50%.  Update 2:  For instance, if the header takes up 20% of the screen's height, a table specified at 50% inside #content would take up 40% of the screen space. So far, wrapping the entire thing in a table is the only thing that works.


I downloaded the global SRTM DEM from . When I add the DEM as a raster layer (in my case topo30.grs file) the left/western edge of the file is at Greenwich and the right/eastern edge is at +360 degrees. This makes the layer run off the right side of the required area. The western hemisphere needs to be negative up to -180 degrees. I have attached an image which shows what I mean. Is there an easy way to import it with the right projection or reproject the SRTM. I don't understand why they created the DEM like this in the first place.

I have a geotiff raster image that has a coordinate system with longitudes from 0 to 360. The horizontal center of the image is 180 longitude. See image below:    I want to transform it to EPSG:4326 SRS with -180 180 longtitude range.  And I want the center of the image to be at Greenwich meridian (0). I guess this srs is very widely used. I expect the result look like this:    So I use a gdalwarp command to reproject:  gdalwarp -s_srs '+proj=latlong +datum=WGS84 +pm=180dW' -t_srs EPSG:4326 test_col.tif test_4326.tif   But I only get a tiff with bigger dimensions (more pixels) and EPSG:4326 metadata. The image itself looks the same, as the initial one. But I expect it to swap the hemispheres.  How do I gdalwarp an image to be strictly -180 180 EPSG:4326 with the center in 0 longitude?  This is gdalinfo of my initial file:  Origin = (-0.102272598067084,89.946211604095552) Pixel Size = (0.204545196134167,-0.204423208191126) Metadata:   AREA_OR_POINT=Area Image Structure Metadata:   INTERLEAVE=BAND Corner Coordinates: Upper Left  (  -0.1022726,  89.9462116) (  0d 6' 8.18"W, 89d56'46.36"N) Lower Left  (  -0.1022726, -89.9462116) (  0d 6' 8.18"W, 89d56'46.36"S) Upper Right (     359.897,      89.946) (359d53'50.18"E, 89d56'46.36"N) Lower Right (     359.897,     -89.946) (359d53'50.18"E, 89d56'46.36"S) Center      ( 179.8975000,  -0.0000000) (179d53'51.00"E,  0d 0' 0.00"S)   This is gdalinfo after gdalwarp     Origin = (-180.102727401932952,89.946211604095552) Pixel Size = (0.091397622896436,-0.091420837939082) Metadata:   AREA_OR_POINT=Area Image Structure Metadata:   INTERLEAVE=PIXEL Corner Coordinates: Upper Left  (-180.1027274,  89.9462116) (180d 6' 9.82"W, 89d56'46.36"N) Lower Left  (-180.1027274, -89.9699975) (180d 6' 9.82"W, 89d58'11.99"S) Upper Right ( 179.8211116,  89.9462116) (179d49'16.00"E, 89d56'46.36"N) Lower Right ( 179.8211116, -89.9699975) (179d49'16.00"E, 89d58'11.99"S) Center      (  -0.1408079,  -0.0118929) (  0d 8'26.91"W,  0d 0'42.81"S)


When visiting another user's profile (Activity -> all actions), I am able to view the "reviews" section and also the decisions that they took on each item.  The below screenshot is taken from Stack Overflow, but I have verified that the same happens on Meta Stack Exchange also.    Even more worrying is that I am able to click on the links (arrow marked in the above screenshot) and also see how the whole review went about and what actions were taken by other users who reviewed the same post.    I am not sure if this is an intended feature and think it is definitely not correct for me to be able to see another person's review actions.

A frequent argument brought up in support of voting anonymity is that it can lead to potential grudges. Certainly the review system is of the same nature.  I cannot wrap my mind around the fact that voting is anonymous and reviewing is not. Either both should be public--and this would be fine since public reviewing has been successful--or both should be anonymous--and I assume this would be the desired option since this community holds anonymity so dear.  One could say that voting rates the posts, the actual meat of the site, while reviewing is based on clarifying the purpose of the site and cleaning it up.   answer makes the point that the community can trust that votes are a good measure of quality for the very reason that they do not know who cast them; the mentality that a high-ranking member may have supported something could blur the line between "science" and "politics/religion."  Reviewing, then, can be seen as a judgment of specific members rather than quality of edit/questions, which seems to fall precisely under the "politics/religion" umbrella--the review system is much more vulnerable to grudges due to this.  So let's discuss the differences and the implications of these disjointed anonymity policies.


Just wondering how we got from message to messenger instead of message to *messager?  When and why did this happen with this word? I'm not really interested in the rule so this isn't a duplicate, more interested in this word specifically.

Edit: I am looking for a particular linguistic term for this process (which here uses terminal palatalization to indicate such)  of turning passive verbs like drink into active verbs like drench.  I know one such term exists, because I have seen John Lawler use it, but I cannot now find his posts where he did so.  The OED does not mention this general phenomenon in the related etymologies. For all I know, it may be older than OE, perhaps even going back all the way to PIE.    English has a bunch of verb-pairs where the first one ends in a stop and the second in a palatal, usually with vowel-modification, like these:   cling, clench drink, drench hang, hinge meng, minge (now dialectal) stink, stench tint, tinge wring, wrench   What is going on there?  It seems like some hidden regularity of some sort.  What does it mean?  For words that seem to be missing one of the pair, did those once exist?  I’m thinking of words like quench: what happened to *quing?  Does this have anything to do with these pairs:   message, messenger passage, passenger porridge, porringer pottage, pottinger wharfage, wharfinger   Or is that something different and unrelated?


I came across some present perfect language exercises that I question.  Choose Present Perfect Simple or Continuous:     The place looks like a bombsite! What _____________ (do) all day?   Well, I've chosen "have you done" but the answer is "have you been doing". Why?   Next:     The British Museum has also announced a forthcoming exhibition of artifacts from the Stonehenge period which they _________________ (gather) over the last five years.   The answer is "have gathered", but I can't understand why. If you have "over the last five years" it seems to me this action was in progress during this five years.  Please, help me.  Thank you in advance!  Well, thanks for the comments, but to me, it isn't a duplicated question because I understand each tense separately and the idea of completion of the present perfect and the ongoing idea of Present perfect continuous. My question is: where is the completion idea in the second example? Let me explain myself, I thought in the second example the artifacts were being collected like in different events for five years. Some artifacts were collected, then after a given time more were collected over the period of 5 years they haven't collected all at once. And they won't stop collecting after the exhibition. I don't know if I'm making myself clear enough. But I've been looking for an explanation for this and I found one on Martin Hewings' advanced grammar in use book: "present perfect suggests that the activity happened only once or on a specified number of occasions".

I have studied "present perfect" and "present perfect continuous" for a week. I know forms, verb and helping verb I should use when I write them.  For me, they have nearly same definition because I can use them interchangeably in Thai language. (My native language)  For example, the sentences        I have learned English language in the past few weeks.    I have been learning English language in the past few weeks.       have no difference in meaning to me. They both mean "I began learning the English language in the past and I am still learning it"  Can I use them interchangeably in English? Or is there any difference between them? For example, when should I use present perfect but not present perfect continuous?


I remember reading the article in Wikipedia years back, but I never bookmarked it, and now I'd like to read the story/novel. It was about a group of people who live in another place/dimension, and who influence our history, trying to make it safer. As a result nuclear power isn't discovered until maybe 30th century, and it's the same with many other things. So they make the world safer, but mankind isn't as innovative as it should've been. I also remember about someone being stuck in the 1930s or 40s, and something about a signal in the form of a photo of a nuclear mushroom.

I originally read this book in the mid- to late '70s.   The premise was a bureaucracy whose job it was to manipulate events in human history by making the smallest possible change that would effect the desired outcome. Not time cops in the sense of going after law breakers.  The intent was to maintain a policy of non-interference as much as possible but when interference was warranted then to make the least possible change and to do so invisibly.  For example, they might take someone's keys off the dresser and put them just out of sight underneath the dresser where they plausibly might have fallen.  The subject would never know of the manipulation but would then be delayed getting out of the house and the ripples grew from there to avert a war or otherwise affect events on a large scale.  After reading that, whenever I would lose something - especially in an improbable way such as dropping a screw at my feet and then finding it on the other side of the room half an hour later - I would take some consolation in the thought that I had just averted some global catastrophe.  I was pretty scatterbrained as a kid (we call that ADHD nowadays) so I experienced this a lot.  Given that I've spent so much time pondering the ideas from the book, I'd love to re-read it.


I came across this limit in some context:  $$ \lim\limits_{n\rightarrow \infty} (n!)^{\frac{1}{n}}$$  I could only say that $n! > n$ implies the limit is greater than or equal to $1$. However, the result seems to be infinity. I do not know how to arrive at this result.  Any ideas?  Based on the answer and the comment below, I wonder if it is possible to prove this using elementary Calculus?

How do I prove that $ \displaystyle\lim_{n \to{+}\infty}{\sqrt[n]{n!}}$ is infinite?


I would like to factorise $496241$. I know the answer is $677 \times 733$. But I don't know how to get there.   Here is the full question:   "A message has been encoded using RSA with a modulus of $m = p q = 496241$ (with $p$ and $q$ being primes) and encoding exponent of $218821$.  You are advised that $\{13631, 142703\}$ is a valid encoding–decoding pair for the same modulus, $m$.  (a) Use this information to determine $\phi(m)$ for this modulus. (Using software to directly factorise $m$ is not a valid option for doing this part.)  (b) Verify your answer by determining the primes $p$ and $q$. Show how these combine to give both $m$ and $\phi(m)$."  I need it so I can solve (a), and it says I cannot use software to directly factorise m. So I guess pen and paper. But there are not tutorial online. Thanks

I stumbled across this paragraph in a paper:     Hence, user b cannot decrypt C   directly. But using e and d , user b   can quickly factor N.   How is  it possible to speedup the prime factorization when knowing e (public key) and d (private key)?  For clarification:  RSA provides us with these equations:  $n = pq$   $\phi = (p-1)(q-1)$   $gcd(e, \phi) = 1$   $de = 1\pmod{\phi}$   In order to determine $p$ and $q$ an attacker has to factor n which is not feasible. However the paper stated that it is easy to reconstruct $p$ and $q$ when a person knows both (his) private and public keys.


In my Dungeons & Dragons group(s), we have a player who can never remember ability scores, spells, bonuses, etc. We currently have two groups, and he is in both. We enjoy playing with him, but it takes forever to find his stats. In our main campaign (7 sessions in), his character sheet is crumpled, only half-filled, etc. So my question is as follows:  How can I get a player to remember his character's bonuses or at least make finding them take less time?

I am currently running Lost Mines of Phandelver for a fluid group of about 10 people. We play once a week and on a given night 4-6 people will show up. We've been doing this for 4 months now. I have very limited experience as a DM so for all intents and purposes, I am new. At this point most of the players have a working understanding of how their classes work and what their various class and race specific quirks and abilities are.  Whenever someone forgets something relating to their class, I'll pass them the PHB or basic rules and let them look it up on their own. If there are questions regarding the rules, I look up the answer myself. I've never explicitly stated this but it's the precedent. It is very important that players are expected to be as self sufficient as possible because we have a large group and I'm stretched thin.  I have a problem player (PP) who wanted to be a sorcerer. I told him that he'd have to keep track of his spells and more stats than everyone else and that he'd probably have more fun playing a non-magic class but he insisted. I handed him the PHB to choose his spells and he chose all of them at random.  Below are the primary issues, most of which come up during combat, and what I've done to remedy them:   PP does not know what any of his spells do but tries to cast them anyway. Whenever he casts a spell I'll ask him what it does or if he has the requisite materials and he'll say he doesn't know. This turns into me pausing the flow of the game to look up the spell, explain it to him, and then continue. I have tried asking him to write his spells down but that results in the next problem. PP takes horrible notes. He'll write out a couple words on a spell that he can't decipher later or straight up write the wrong spell down. He does the same with his ability scores and stats. We've had to reroll his health before because he was not tracking max health. He is so inconsistent and disorganized that we have to recalculate his stats for every relevant action he takes. This also annoys the other players because he is constantly losing items. I give him unlimited crossbow ammo as a courtesy and match his xp to the average of the other players. I've asked PP repeatedly to print out all his spells from the wiki or something but he forgets every time. I would do this for him but then I'd have to do it for everyone (I have far too many players) and I don't want to set a precedent of being a nanny. Also I'm afraid that if I give him any more help he'll expect me to track everything for him. So, I keep holding up the game to look up spells and ask him to do something about this. He understands the problem but does not deal with it. PP does not understand the larger meaning behind any of the numbers. All of the other players understand that difficult actions require higher rolls and they have a feel for when their health is low. PP doesn't get this and won't do anything (including self preservation) but fire his crossbow unless the other players ask him to. I encourage him to read the PHB. I've sent him links, I've put the book in front of him, he'll open to a page to humor me but won't actually read. I don't want to lend him my PHB to read on his own because he has a history of forgetting things at home.   I don't want to kick him out. He really shines during the RP segments (he even uses spells outside of combat very effectively) and he's a fun player but he is such an impediment during combat that I need help dealing with him. Other players will occasionally memorize spells for him or look things up while I'm doing other things but we're all new and the table gets easily frustrated.  What should I do?


I was reading a guide to  and came reading until this shocking statement:     sudo is not installed on Debian by default. Make sure your system is up-to-date and install it.   As current Debian user, this is difficult to believe since from installation I'm able to use sudo. So, maybe it got installed when I selected not to create a password for the root account (rendering the root account disabled) or something is amiss here. Does Debian not include sudo (or it's variants) as installed by default?  If we go by what the , sudo can be installed due APT/DPKG dependencies, which in some cases will ask tasksel/apt to install those too, but isn't included in the required or important list:  ➜  ~  aptitude search ~prequired | grep sudo ➜  ~  aptitude search ~pimportant | grep sudo ➜  ~  aptitude why '~prequired' sudo       i A dpkg     Suggests   apt                              i A apt      Suggests   aptitude | synaptic | wajig      i A synaptic Recommends gksu | kdebase-bin | policykit-1 i A gksu     Depends    sudo                             ➜  ~  aptitude why '~pimportant' sudo            i A apt      Suggests   aptitude | synaptic | wajig      i A synaptic Recommends gksu | kdebase-bin | policykit-1 i A gksu     Depends    sudo

Is there a term to refer to the subset of packages that is automatically installed by Debian distribution? I though that it had something to do with packages , but it doesn't seem to be the case, cause there are packages of all the priority levels among the packages installed by default. Also, some of those packages of initial subset have automatically installed flag, e.g. wireless-tools. So they will be automatically removed if packages of the initial subset, depending on them, are manually removed. I wonder, does the installation tool keep only a list of packages to be considered manually installed and installs their dependencies automatically? Answer to the first two questions: After installing the core Debian utilities, Debian installer seems to invoke tasksel to carry out installation "tasks". Among the typical tasks are "standard" task and "laptop" task. From  page:  "standard" task The standard task is a special task used by Debian Installer. It actually relies on the packages' priority. What does the "standard system" task include? tasksel --task-packages standard which is an aptitude search string that equates to aptitude search ~pstandard ~prequired ~pimportant -F%p  So tasksel installs standard, required and important packages.  "laptop" task The laptop task is a special task use by Debian Installer, to pull the packages useful on a laptop:   wireless-tools acpi-support cpufrequtils acpi wpasupplicant powertop acpid apmd pcmciautils pm-utils anacron avahi-autoipd bluetooth   Desktop  See


I have conflict data from ACLED. The data is in CSV format. Given the nature of the data (image attached), when I am selecting the CSV option while importing the file in QGIS via "open data manager", "X" and "Y" fields do not appear as longitude and latitude respectively. The heading of the first column in the CSV file rather appears in the "X" and "Y" fields. However, if I select the option Custom delimiters and then semicolon (I deselect the option tab), then the problem gets sorted out. "X" field is then longitude and "Y" is latitude . Am I doing the right thing? I want to avoid problems appearing later.

I have an Excel file containing data collected over many years as latitude and longitude coordinates for archaeological sites. How can I import it into QGIS as a new layer?