In c shell script, I'm trying to pass bbb to awk sub, but apparently it does not work.   #!/bin/csh set aaa=a set bbb=b  #And I'm using it in awk sub  set ccc=`echo $aaa | awk '{sub("a",$bbb); print $0}'`  echo $ccc   But echos empty and dunno why.  Note if I replace $bbb with "b" then it works well.

Here is my script (to find the files that contain a specified pattern):  find . -type f \     -exec awk -v vawk="$1" '/'"$vawk"'/ {c++} c>0 { print ARGV[1]; exit 0 } END { if (! c) {exit 1}}' \{\} \;   I would like to use my script with an argument §:  MyScript.sh pattern   My problem is that I don't manage to put the $1 variable in awk.  When I try to debug my script  bash -x MyScript.sh pattern   Here is the output :  + find . -type f -exec awk -v vawk=pattern '// {c++} c>0 {print ARGV[1] ; exit 0 } END { if (! c) {exit 1}}' '{}' ';'   The $vawk variable seems to be empty.  Any idea?


My professor was saying that, for a function of multiple variables, usually the order in which you take the order of partial derivatives did not matter. (ex: $f_{xy} = f_{yx}$).  Under what circumstances is this not true?

I've taken multivariate calculus and am wondering if I can see a specific function where the order of taking the partial derivative matters. I've been told that there are some exceptions where $ \dfrac{\partial ^2 f}{\partial x \partial y} \ne \dfrac{\partial ^2 f}{\partial y \partial x} $, so I'm curious to see what this looks like.  EDIT: And why would this true?


I'm new to Blender so I'm doing all my modelling in Maya and transfer to Blender using wavefront obj. I have create a simple wine glas, no texture applied, just geometry. I can apply color to it but when I increase the transmission value nothing happens.  Do I need to import my .mtl file? Tried to unwrap the UV's as well.

I am in rendered view in the viewport and my glass shader isn't working correctly. I remember a couple months ago I was making glass for a ship and these settings are the only thing I had to mess around with:    So I added an hdri as the environment background and this is what happens:    Now the glass works for the environment but not for other objects, Can anyone help me figure this out?


As title, I haven't found a post explain about this, i.e. In the following diagram, for a point on a "better" ROC curve and I move that point along the curve toward the top-right corner, why both TPR and FPR approach 1? And what's the meaning of moving along a given curve?

Searched high and low and have not been able to find out what AUC, as in related to prediction, stands for or means.


I am setting up a closed network based on WP. All users are added by an administrator and are given an username and password. I have also added some user fields with the add_action('user_new_form' hook. Besides saving the user data as user metadata, the data is also stored in a custom db table.   I like to built an "resend password" option for the administrator. I don't want to sent a reset password as the administrator is the one who can reset a password if necessary.  Can this be done? Or should i store the password also as plain text in the custom db table and use it in an email?  Anyone?

I am really new to WordPress programming and I am not even sure if this feature exists. What I am trying to do is send an email to users (not admin) when an admin changes their password/email?   At present when I add a new user, an email is sent to them but no email is sent to them when I change their password/email.  I will really appreciate any assistance here.


My first flag after 877 approved moderator attention flags was declined, and I'm following up to understand what was wrong with my action.  I flagged , which includes a thank you statement with a loosely coupled statement about visual studio:        Even though it was deleted by a moderator, my flag was declined:        Conservative with my flags, is this an oversight or was I too hasty in flagging this as not an answer?

Sometimes a post has both valid flags and invalid flags. As far as I can tell, all the flags on the same post have to be dismissed with the same validity.  The scenario I encountered (on ):   A low-quality question is closed. The asker improves the question and flags for reopening. A moderator reopens the question, but doesn't dismiss the flag yet. Someone else flags the question as “off topic”.   Since I agree with the reopening, and I don't consider the question off-topic, I would like to dismiss the first flag as valid and the second flag as invalid. But there's only one set of buttons for both flags.  And just now, two flags on a closed question: one that says “delete it”, the other one that says “reopen it”. The correct course of action is neither (the ideal outcome would be for the question to be edited then reopened). I should provide different feedback to the two flaggers, but I can't.  Unless I've missed something, please allow multiple flags on the same post to be dismissed separately.


I have a modular PSU with the labels:  SATA and peripherals: 2 6pin, 2 8pin PCI-E and 4+4: 2  I connected an 8pin cable, labeled CPU, to the 8pin in the PSU with the second label, and to the 8pin GPU. My entire computer didn't boot up, except for one time the led turned on for half a second and shot down. I replaced the cable with an 6+2pin labeled PCI-E and connected to the same pins and my pc is now running for what it seems normally. I made also some benchmarks and it seems to work fine.  What exactly happened that my entire PC didn't boot? Is there the possibility of anything being damage and how could I see if it is?

The r9 290x I wanted to use needs 16 pins, my PSU which I thought had 1 PCI-E 6 + 2, 1 PCI-E 6 and 1 PCI-E 8-pin setups, actually had a second 8-pin EPS cable.  I don't currently have something to test the GPU with (the motherboard and all are fine; I just removed the GPU and put in an old GTX 770). So given this information, does anyone have any idea whether I can expect to have a fried GPU? No pop or smell appeared when I attempted it, which was nice!  Here is a picture of the pins.


I have been using Lubuntu on my netbook for a while without any problems, but I have just upgraded to 17.10 and now it will not boot properly.  I think that the display driver is problematic for some reason as I have used GRUB to load recovery mode and it works fine.  I have tried dpkg and fsck but they have not made any difference.  I cannot post a screenshot as I am a new user, but after the normal boot cycle, the right hand 20% of the screen is more or less OK and the rest of it is black with corrupted text.  Any help gratefully appreciated.  Thanks  BB

I am trying to boot Ubuntu on my computer.  When I boot Ubuntu, it boots to a black screen.  How can I fix this? Table of Contents:


What is the correct form: " I can't bear the thought of YOUR going out" or "I can't bear the thought of YOU going out".

I assume that the following sentences are grammatically correct:   He resents your being more popular than he is. Most of the members paid their dues without my asking them. They objected to the youngest girl's being given the command position. What do you think about his buying such an expensive car? We were all sorry about Jane's losing her parents like that.   I'm still getting used to this possessive gerund structure. It sounded so weird to me at first. Is the structure used in both formal and informal contexts? Are there any alternative structures that result in the same meaning and are more frequently used? (Examples taken from )


I want to modify and want to make my own operating system using source code, so obviously firstly I need the kernel. I've decided that I'd use the Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) kernel. Where do I download that?

I'd like to build my own copy of the Ubuntu kernel. Where can I get the source code?


I designed a menu for a pizza restaurant but it seems that the dimensions and dpi is low. These are the dimensions, could someone tell me if this is okay for printing or not.    Dimensions: 595x842  Dpi: 92

(This question is meant to be a resource to direct others to given that this is a common question.)  Given the task of creating an image that will be printed at a certain size, what pixel dimensions and resolution should I be setting my file at?


I have a HP ac123tx laptop. A few days ago I installed Ubuntu 16.04. I don't know much about Linux but I want to learn. But the Wifi is not connecting. It seems some driver is missing, I tried to install but it did not work.  My network card details:  07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101/2/6E PCI Express Fast/Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 07) 13:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter

I have installed Ubuntu 15.04 on my laptop with RTL8723BE Wi-fi card. But it is always disconnecting from network. I have tried echo "options rtl8723be fwlps=N ips=N" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf but that didn't helped. What can I do to prevent the wifi from disconnecting? If I upgrade to kernel 4.X, will it help?  ~$ lspci -knn | grep Net -A2  09:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter [10ec:b723]     Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:2231]     Kernel driver in use: rtl8723be   ~$ rfkill list 0: hci0: Bluetooth     Soft blocked: yes     Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN     Soft blocked: no     Hard blocked: no   ~$ ifconfig && iwconfig && route -n && ping -c 1 google.com eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 38:63:bb:cd:4a:7e             UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:53 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000            RX bytes:752 (752.0 B)  TX bytes:8445 (8.4 KB)  lo        Link encap:Local Loopback             inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1           RX packets:3870 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:3870 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0            RX bytes:314613 (314.6 KB)  TX bytes:314613 (314.6 KB)  wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr c0:38:96:6d:c4:83             inet addr:192.168.1.205  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0           inet6 addr: fe80::c238:96ff:fe6d:c483/64 Scope:Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:15240 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:14627 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000            RX bytes:14410285 (14.4 MB)  TX bytes:2192744 (2.1 MB)  eth0      no wireless extensions.  wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"DIR-615"             Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.437 GHz  Access Point: 00:90:4C:08:00:0D              Bit Rate=150 Mb/s   Tx-Power=20 dBm              Retry short limit:7   RTS thr=2347 B   Fragment thr:off           Power Management:off           Link Quality=70/70  Signal level=-22 dBm             Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0           Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:186   Missed beacon:0  lo        no wireless extensions.  Kernel IP routing table Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface 0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG    400    0        0 wlan0 169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 wlan0 192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 wlan0 PING google.com.Dlink (172.26.136.19) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 19.136.26.172.in-addr.arpa (172.26.136.19): icmp_seq=1 ttl=249 time=102 ms  --- google.com.Dlink ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 102.547/102.547/102.547/0.000 ms


Can anyone help we with the code which would add the CC to the webform? I need the CC feature, so my users can "Reply to All" when the communicate.  Thanks! Anton.

I'm using Drupal 7.  Is it possible to add a CC to a webform email?  I was using   function theme_webform_mail_headers($variables) {   $headers = array(     'X-Mailer' => 'Drupal Webform (PHP/' . phpversion() . ')',   );   return $headers; }   changing it with      function MYTHEME_webform_mail_headers($variables) {       $headers = array( 'CC' => 'ccmeail@domain.com', 'X-Mailer' => 'Drupal Webform (PHP/'. phpversion() .')',  );       return $headers;     }   It does not work, I've cleared all the chaches and it does not add the CC. How could I add the CC?  Thanks in advance.


In a bash file test.sh, I put #!/bin/bash  dirpath="/home/dir" myfile="$dirpath/file with white space"   awk '{print "firstcolumn"$1":"$4,$2}' ${myfile}.bim >file2  When I run the script sh test.sh, I receive an error saying awk: fatal: cannot open file '/home/dir/file' for reading (No such file or directory). How do I make awk to deal with file with whitespaces? I tried file\ with\ white\ space as well but doesn't work.

Or, an introductory guide to robust filename handling and other string passing in shell scripts.  I wrote a shell script which works well most of the time. But it chokes on some inputs (e.g. on some file names).  I encountered a problem such as the following:   I have a file name containing a space hello world, and it was treated as two separate files hello and world. I have an input line with two consecutive spaces and they shrank to one in the input. Leading and trailing whitespace disappears from input lines. Sometimes, when the input contains one of the characters \[*?, they are replaced by some text which is is actually the name of files. There is an apostrophe ' (or a double quote ") in the input and things got weird after that point. There is a backslash in the input (or: I am using Cygwin and some of my file names have Windows-style \ separators).   What is going on and how do I fix it?


stuck at this question. My friend told me to use Newton's Binominal formula but I don't understand how -_- $\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^\mathbb{n}$ ${2n+1 \choose k}$ = $2^{2n}$ Also , in the combinatorical way I know that $2^{2n}$ is the amount of subsets that exist in a set with 2n elements. but I don't understand why its equal to the Left-hand-side? Thank you very much!

I'm trying to prove the following equation above. So far I have: \begin{align} 2^{2n} &= (1+1)^{2n}\\ &= \sum_{k=0}^{2n}\binom{2n}{k}1^k1^{n-k} = \sum_{k=0}^{2n}\binom{2n}{k} & \text{(By the Binomial Theorem)} \end{align}  I know I have to use the following identity somehow: $$\binom{n+1}{k} = \binom{n}{k-1} + \binom{n}{k}$$  How do I split my summation to get what I'm looking for? Thanks!  EDIT: HERE IS MY SOLUTION \begin{align*} 2^{2n} &= (1+1)^{2n}\\ &= \sum_{k=0}^{2n}\binom{2n}{k}1^k1^{2n-k} & \text{(By the Binomial Theorem)}\\ &= \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{2n}{k} + \sum_{k=n+1}^{2n}\binom{2n}{k}\\ &= \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{2n}{k} + \sum_{k=n+1}^{2n}\binom{2n}{2n-k} & \text{(Binomial Symmetry)}\\ &= \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{2n}{k} + \sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\binom{2n}{k}\\ &= \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{2n}{k} + \sum_{k=1}^{n}\binom{2n}{k-1}\\ &= \binom{2n}{0} + \sum_{k=1}^{n}\binom{2n}{k} + \sum_{k=1}^{n}\binom{2n}{k-1}\\ &= \binom{2n}{0} + \sum_{k=1}^{n}\binom{2n+1}{k} & \text{(By Identity listed above)}\\ &= \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{2n+1}{k} \end{align*}


Is there a particular pejorative word for super fans?   People who follow a celebrity religiously no matter what, even if that celebrity does something terrible.  People who'll always try and defend that celebrity/famous person even when they know they are at wrong.

Is there a single word for 'blind worship' as in worshiping an actor blindly notwithstanding the bad performance?


We have an Amazon EC2 instance.  The folder DbSecurityspt gets automatically installed in c:/ProgramFiles and the associated service also starts automatically. Removing them, installs them again the next day. After googling, it was found be a trojan.   We have scanned our system using Windows Defender but the scan resulted clean. We tried the process of removing it manually, but no relative locations were found.  Blocking outbound port 587 resolves the issue. But since our website uses mailing service we need to open this port. Closing this port slows the response time.  How can we identify the connection between blocking this particular port and installation of this malware?  How can the response speed be improved even on keeping port 587 closed?

This is a  about Server Security - Responding to Breach Events (Hacking)   See Also:                  Canonical Version I suspect that one or more of my servers is compromised by a hacker, virus, or other mechanism:   What are my first steps? When I arrive on site should I disconnect the server, preserve "evidence", are there other initial considerations? How do I go about getting services back online? How do I prevent the same thing from happening immediately again? Are there best practices or methodologies for learning from this incident? If I wanted to put a Incident Response Plan together, where would I start? Should this be part of my Disaster Recovery or Business Continuity Planning?   Original Version       2011.01.02 - I'm on my way into work at 9.30 p.m. on a Sunday because our server has been compromised somehow and was resulting in a    attack on our provider. The servers access to the Internet   has been shut down which means over 5-600 of our clients sites are now   down. Now this could be an FTP hack, or some weakness in code   somewhere. I'm not sure till I get there.      How can I track this down quickly? We're in for a whole lot of   litigation if I don't get the server back up ASAP. Any help is   appreciated. We are running Open SUSE 11.0.            2011.01.03 - Thanks to everyone for your help. Luckily I WASN'T the only person responsible for this server, just the nearest. We managed   to resolve this problem, although it may not apply to many others in a   different situation. I'll detail what we did.      We unplugged the server from the net. It was performing (attempting to   perform) a Denial Of Service attack on another server in Indonesia,   and the guilty party was also based there.      We firstly tried to identify where on the server this was coming from,   considering we have over 500 sites on the server, we expected to be   moonlighting for some time. However, with SSH access still, we ran a   command to find all files edited or created in the time the attacks   started. Luckily, the offending file was created over the winter   holidays which meant that not many other files were created on the   server at that time.      We were then able to identify the offending file which was inside the   uploaded images folder within a  website.      After a short cigarette break we concluded that, due to the files   location, it must have been uploaded via a file upload facility that   was inadequetly secured. After some googling, we found that there was   a security vulnerability that allowed files to be uploaded, within the   ZenCart admin panel, for a picture for a record company. (The section   that it never really even used), posting this form just uploaded any   file, it did not check the extension of the file, and didn't even   check to see if the user was logged in.      This meant that any files could be uploaded, including a PHP file for   the attack. We secured the vulnerability with ZenCart on the infected   site, and removed the offending files.      The job was done, and I was home for 2 a.m.            The Moral   - Always apply security patches for ZenCart, or any other CMS system for that matter. As when security updates are released, the whole   world is made aware of the vulnerability.   - Always do backups, and backup your backups.   - Employ or arrange for someone that will be there in times like these. To prevent anyone from relying on a panicy post on Server   Fault.


If there is sphere rolling on the horizontal surface without slipping. Then we know the instantaneous axis of rotation is the point which is in contact with surface. Now my doubt is, why the angular velocity taken from centre of sphere and IAOR is same ?   Please someone help me.

I have the following question regarding an ideal rigid body.  Firstly, is it always true without any exceptions that the angular velocity of any point about any other point on a rigid body is always the same?  If so, what happens in case of precession, in which two different angular velocities are predefined?


Suppose $f$ is continuous and nonnegative on $[a, b]$, and $\int_{a}^{b}f dx=0$. Show that $f=0$ on [a,b].  My idea:   The conditions, continuous and nonnegative, remind me to use the theorem to show they are Rienman integrable. My question:    It seems that we do not need to show they are Rienman integrable, since we already know their integration.  It seems it does not help if I have already showed their Rienman integrable.  I can come up two approaches, but I am not sure whether they are right.    Suppose there is a point larger than 0, then this point must fall into one of the partitions, then its integration cannot be 0.  We take $[a,b]$ as the partition, then the difference between $U(p,f)$ and $L(p,f)$ must be less than arbitrary small positive number. Hence $\sup f$ and $\inf f$ must be 0.

Suppose that a function $f:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}$ is continuous and nonnegative. Prove that if $\int_a^b{f}=0$, then $f(x)=0$ for all $x\in [a,b]$.   I've been trying to prove it using the extreme value theorem, continuity and the upper and lower sums but can't come up with something tight enough. More specifically, I've been trying to relate $|f(x)-f(t)|<\epsilon$ to the sum of $M_k-m_k(x_k-x_{k-1})$


The various technologies featured in Star Trek make a variety of sounds, not all of which are diegetic.  For example, exterior shots in space battle scenes commonly show phasers and photon torpedoes making noise, but sound does not travel through space.  These non-diegetic sounds are played solely for the benefit of the television audience; either they have no in-universe source at all, or else they have an in-universe source that would not normally be audible from the point of view of the camera (and thus to any characters present in the shot).  My question concerns the very conspicuous sound that accompanies the use of the transporter.  Is this sound diegetic or non-diegetic?  That is, do we have any on-screen evidence that the characters in the show can hear things materializing and dematerializing?  For example, have any characters actually commented on the noise? Have any of them tried to secretly transport themselves to or away from a remote location, out of view of any observers who happen to be present, only to be given away by the sound of their de- or rematerialization?  Note that I'm not asking whether the transporter device itself makes noise.  I rather suspect that it does (and that this is what the TV audience hears, even if it's not present in the shot), so let's confine on-screen evidence to the depictions of the remote end of the transportation rather than to the transporter room.  (Note 1: There was , but that question and its answers take it as a given that the sound is diegetic.  Here I am essentially questioning the entire premise of the previous question.)  (Note 2: I'm most interested in the Federation transportation technology of TNG/DS9/Voyager-era Star Trek, but would also accept evidence concerning the transportation technology of other major races and other time periods.)

As a long time fan, I'm familiar with the tell tale sound effects that indicate when the beaming process is taking place. What do residents of the Star Trek universe witness from the ground when people beam back to or down from the ship?


This question is a very good question about LOLCODE code:   The formatting is pretty good except for the comments, which aren't formatted as comments.    I can see this being a popular formatting not only in Code Review but also in Programming Puzzles and Code Golf as well.  From looking at the  it seems as though it is catching on much like Brainf*ck did.

I noticed that sometimes my code gets highlighted in different colors when rendered.   What is syntax highlighting? How does it work? Why isn't my code being highlighted correctly? How do I report a bug or request a new language? How do I use syntax highlighting? What languages are currently available on Stack Exchange?


I was doing test. It says the following sentence is correct:  The aviation influenza is so deadly a disease all countries are trying to find a cure for it.  But as we know, we use such+ adjective+ noun.....and so + adjective without noun....  So, ı was confused. Could you comment on this please.

Here's a sentence.     Feeling flushed is such a natural response to sudden self-consciousness that if it weren't part of an emotionally crippling experience, it could almost be overlooked.   and can I rewrite like the following?     Feeling flushed is so natural a response to sudden self-consciousness that if it weren't part of an emotionally crippling experience, it could almost be overlooked.


I screwed up my AWS instance.   I created a new directory demo inside my /var/www/html  Then in navigated to the html directory and ran this command:  sudo mv /* demo  And all the files and folders from the server root appeared in the demo directory.   How do I move it back?  Also, my intention was to move all the files/folders inside the html directory to the demo folder.

I accidentally moved all folders from root to a subfolder. (/bin, /etc, /home, /lib, /usr... all moved) The only ones that were not moved, since they were in use, are  /bak, /boot, /dev, /proc, /sys.  Now, any command that I try to execute will simply not happen. I constantly get "No such file or directory".  I am connected through ssh and through ftp, but I cannot move files through ftp, as direct SU login is disabled. I also have access to the actual server if I need to do something directly from there.  I'm assuming I would need to edit a configuration file in order to tell it where to find the /bin folder and that would help me get access again, but I don't know which file that would be or how to do it (since I can't even run chmod to change permissions).  Is there any way out of this other than re-installing?  I am working on an old version of CentOS.  I'm extremely new to the world of Linux, hence this action and the question...


Russell one wrote:     Between two quantities there is a conception of difference, but no difference of conception.   Is there a name for this kind of word play?

What is the rhetorical device/argument called when one says:     All surgeons are doctors, but not all doctors are surgeons.


Let the $F$ be the finite field over $\mathbb{Z_2} s.t. [F;Z_2]= 60$  $[F;K_1] = 5,[F; K_2] = 10$. Show $K_2 \subset K_1$    My attempt)  By the tower rule, $[K_1 ; \mathbb Z_2] = 5$ and $[K_2; \mathbb Z_2] = 6$  Then $[K_1 \cap K_2]$ $\vert gcd(6,12)$. Hence $[K_1 \cap K_2] \in \{1,2,3,6\}$  So all I have to just show the $[K_2 ; K_1 \cap K_2]= 1 $ by proving the $[K_1 \cap K_2 ; Z_2] = 6$.  But I couldn't find any way to show $[K_1 \cap K_2 ; Z_2] = 6$. Any help would be appreciated.

I am trying to solve the following exercise of Dummit and Foote Book(page # 551).   Let $a>1$ be an integer. Prove for any positive integers $n,d$ that $d$ divides $n$ if and only if $a^d-1$ divides $a^n-1$. Conclude in particular that $\mathbb{F}_{p^d}\subseteq\mathbb{F}_{p^n}$ if and only if $d$ divides $n$.  I did the first part and I know that for all $\alpha\in \mathbb{F}_{p^d}$, $\alpha^{p^d}=\alpha$. How can I apply the first part for the second? Any help is greatly appreciated. Thank you.


I want list of failure cases for Newton-Raphson method. If possible please provide flow chart for Newton-Raphson method.

Can someone please tell me the conditions under which the Newton Raphson method will not converge?    I looked around online, and couldn't find a general way to determine convergence.    For example, for the Fixed Point iteration method, there is a simple way of determining: if we have $g(x_{n})=x_{n+1}$, then $|g'(x)|<1$ implies that the series $g$ will converge to its fixed point, but in the Newton Raphson method, It seems like it is totally depends on "luck", meaning if you were lucky enough to pick a "good" initial guess or not.


Noob question, but I'm not seeing how an SR latch such as the one in the image can "get started". If each input depends on the output from the other, how can there be two inputs to each gate to set the thing in motion?  In a rudimentary circuit consisting of exactly one NOR-based SR latch, what happens when the power is switched on (e.g. battery connected)?

In this diagram     what would be the beginning state for Q?  Since the first NOR for S and R rely on previous results, there must be something for the first iteration?  NOTE: I'm in a first year digital logic class, so the question is for theoretical use (table making, various homework problems it applies to, etc.), not actual implementation.  Just for things like "if R is __ and S is __ what is Q?"  Simple things like that.


probably a noob question because I'm a noob.  I have two coins, A and B. For each coin I have a sample of the results I get by tossing it. My null hypothesis is that A has equal or higher probability to land on HEAD than B, but that probability is unknown (as well as B's probability). However, the data shows me that B seems to be more probable to land on HEAD. How can I test the null hypothesis?  It seems to me that a simple t-test won't work - A coin toss is Bernoulli distributed, and not normally distributed. I thought about dividing each sample to sub-samples, consider the ratio of HEADs in each subsample as a random variable that is distributed approximately like a normal variable, and then use t-test. However, this seems like a complicated (and inaccurate) solution for a basic (the most basic?) question.  bonus points: what's the effect size?

I have the following problem: two groups A and B.  The proportions of married and single are ($p_1$) and ($p_2$) respectively, and the standard deviations ($s_1$) and ($s_2$). The sample consists of  ($n_1$) A and  ($n_2$) B observations.  Now I want to test whether the proportions are equal. I use the following formula to compute the z-statistic:  z = $abs(p_1 - p_2) / \sqrt{ \frac{p_1(1-p_1)}{n_1} + \frac{p_2(1-p_2)}{n_2} }$  and test the hypothesis: h0: $p_1 \neq p_2$  An alternative approach I tried is to estimate the t-value based on the standard deviations (hence just comparing means), that is by the formula (assuming unequal variances):  t = $abs(p_1-p_2)/\sqrt{ s_1^2/n_1 + s_2^2/n_2 }$  My question are:    do you agree with my approach or; should it be two-sided or one-sided?   Thank you.


This is a resubmitted question as my previous one was buried and forgotten.  I will describe this as simply as I can.  I have 1 cube and 2 icospheres in my scene. The cube is on layer 1. The isospheres are on layer 2. I have one icosphere in front of the cube and one behind it. However in my final render, the icosphere behind the cube appears in front of cube, as though it has x-ray checked.   I realize there are many things that would work here, but I am doing a very complicated animation and all of the quick fixes for this will not work. Masks, material and object indexes will not work. Alpha over is also out because in the animation, objects will be inside of other objects. Image 1 is a cube with two icospheres. The dark grey is the cube. The blue ones are the icospheres. The cube is on layer 1. The icospheres are on layer 2. I want to blur layer 2 and only layer 2. The blur does show up in image 1, but as you can see the left icosphere, which is behind the cube is visible. That is the problem. Image 3 is my node setup.  Here is the .blend file ,       Please help, Thanks

I am doing an animation. The images I have attached show 2 different render layer view node results.    Image one shows a cube on layer 1, and 2 icosphere on layer 2. I have layer 2 set to fast blur. I have to use transparent film and therefore I use the Alpha over nodes in composition.  Image two shows a cube and 1 icosphere. Image 1 should not be showing 2 icospheres, as the left most one is behind the cube.    Image 2 is from the same render result, and is correcting showing only 1 icosphere. However, that icosphere should be blurred as it is on layer 2. It seems for whatever reason I can not have both the correct composition effect and also have every object's visibility render correctly. I can only either have everything work fine, with no composition, or composition with every emission object showing through every other object in the scene.   I am aware that masks would solve this problem, but because of the complicated setup of object materials and particles, masking produces these very strange and suddenly appearing artifacts. Material Indexing also produces odd artifacts and does not consistently effect the appropriate materials.   This is also a new problem, I did not have this issue in the last blender version. So, material indexing is out, masking is out, object indexing is out.       I want to use the compositor to blur certain layers, but every emission object in the scene shows through. It shows through as though it was on x-ray, regardless if it is behind another or inside another object. The first image is an example of this, the left icosphere is behind the cube, and should not be visible. That is the problem. Why is it visible when it shouldn't be?


Consider the following recursively defined sequence:  $$a_0 = 1, a_{n+1}=\cos\left(a_n\right)$$  Having a look with Wolfram Alpha, it's fairly clear that this sequence converges to something in the neighborhood of $0.74$ or so.  However, I have no clue how to actually prove that this sequence is convergent. I've thought about proving that it is a Cauchy sequence - that is, for any given $\varepsilon>0$, there exists an $N\in\mathbb{N}$ such that $|a_n-a_m|<\varepsilon$ for any $n,m>N$.   However, I have no clue how to approach to repeated application of the cosine function, especially since you don't know how many iterations of the cosine function there are between $n$ and $m$.  Looking at the Wolfram Alpha plot of the first 30 terms in the sequence also gave me the idea to separate the whole thing into two subsequences $a_{2n}$ and $a_{2n+1}$ and then prove that they are increasing and decreasing while being bounded, but again I had no idea how to proceed to due to the repeated iteration of the cosine function.  I'd also be interested in a closed form of the limit if there is one, but I'd guess that none exists.

I've been experimenting with recursive sequences lately and I've come up with this problem:     Let  $a_n= \cos(a_{n-1})$ with $a_0 \in \Bbb{R}$ and $L=[a_1,a_2,...,a_n,...].$   Does there exist an $a_0$ such that $L$ is dense in $[-1,1]?$     I know of $3$ ways of examining whether a set is dense:  $i)$The definition, that is, whether its closure is the set on which it is dense, in our case this means if: $\bar L=[-1,1]$.  ii)$(\forall x \in [-1,1])(\forall \epsilon>0)(\exists b \in L):|x-b|<\epsilon$ $iii)$ $(\forall x \in [-1,1])(\exists b_n \subseteq L):b_n\rightarrow  x$   So far I haven't been able to use these to answer the question. I tried plugging in different values of $a_0$ and see where that leads but I have not found any corresponding promising "pattern" for $a_n$. Any ideas on how to approach this?


A process A with a nice value = 3 as well as process B with a nice value=5. Which of these two processes would get the most CPU time?

According to the some resources I have read, the process with low nice value has more priority. Because it has more priority, CPU allocates more time for that process.  However, it sounds a little bit weird because priority value of a process is calculated by summing nice value with 20.   PR = NI + 20. This can be seen easily with the command top  According to this formula, the processes with higher nice values have higher priorities, but some resources says that the process with low nice value has more priority.  Which one is true ?


On the face of it this might just seem silly, but I wonder if I scribe a circle on a sphere will the ratio of the circumference of such a circle to its diameter would still be $\pi$. If so, is there a way I could prove it or disprove otherwise?

Foreword  This question was inspired by initial mistakes in . I wanted to explore the strange circle with $A>\pi r^2$ and got lost into geometrical jungle.  A  is usually described by it's height $h$, radius of the base $a$ and radius of the sphere $r$. Besides we have a relation $a^2+(r-h)^2=r^2$ so the cap actually only has two degrees of freedom.  When considering a case of circle on a sphere (like the Earth), it's the surface of a spherical cap, but we can't see the height or other classic parameters of this spherical cap. Instead we encounter parameters like area $A$, perimeter $C$ and diameter $d$. I will try to write formulae for these: $$A=2\pi rh$$ $$C=2\pi a$$ $$d=2r\theta$$  Where $\theta$ is introduced with $\sin\theta=\frac{a}{r}$ or $\cos\theta=(1-\frac{h}{r})$.  As the cap only has two degrees of freedom, it should be a good problem with unique solution if only two values are known.  A-C Problem  The simple example: $A$ and $C$ are given. I show this only as example before the other tasks.  We can easily find $a=\frac{C}{2\pi}$ and then solve:  $$A=2\pi rh = 2\pi r (r-\sqrt{r^2-a^2})$$  to obtain  $$r=\frac{A}{2\sqrt{\pi(A-\pi a^2)}}$$  Parameters $a$ and $r$ are now known and it is straightforward to find $h$, $d$, $\theta$ and anything else.  C-d Problem  $C$ and $d$ are given.  First step once again is easy: $a=\frac{C}{2\pi}$. The knowing of $a$ suggests that we might prefer the $\theta$ definition with the sine. We obtain: $$d=2r\theta=2r\arcsin\frac{a}{r}$$  That's where I got stuck. Is there an easy way to solve this? Is there a hard way to solve this?  I tried solving numerically with Wolfram Mathematica and it went into complex numbers. When solving the geometrically equivalent $\sin\frac{d}{2r}=\frac{a}{r}$ I got some roots, but the search seemed very unstable and not finding the root closest to initial value. Besides it was finding a lot of different roots while I am pretty sure that there should only be one $r$ for each pair of $d$ and $a$. What would be the right formulation to solve this problem numerically?  A-d problem  $A$ and $d$ are given. This seems the hardest one. We obtain a system of equations:  $$A=2\pi r h$$ $$d=2r\arccos\left(1-\frac{h}{r}\right)$$  (The first equation suggested solving the problem in $h$ and $r$).  Is this system solvable analytically? Or numerically? My experiments with Wolfram Mathematica never converged.   Of course, I could express $h$ or $r$ from the first equation and leave only the second in one of these forms: $$d = 2r\arccos\left(1-\frac{A}{2\pi r^2}\right)$$ $$d = \frac{A}{\pi h}\arccos\left(1-\frac{2\pi h^2}{A}\right)$$  But I have no idea how to solve these either.


I have this code that outputs a small family tree      \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usetikzlibrary{trees}     \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}[       man/.style={rectangle,draw,fill=blue!20},       woman/.style={rectangle,draw,fill=red!20,rounded corners=.8ex},       grandchild/.style={grow=down,xshift=1em,anchor=west,         edge from parent path={(\tikzparentnode.south) |- (\tikzchildnode.west)}},       first/.style={level distance=6ex},       second/.style={level distance=12ex},       third/.style={level distance=18ex},       level 1/.style={sibling distance=5em}]         % Parents         \coordinate           child[grow=left] {node[man,anchor=east]{Jim}}           child[grow=right] {node[woman,anchor=west]{Jane}}           child[grow=down,level distance=0ex]         [edge from parent fork down]         % Children and grandchildren         child{node[man] {Alfred}}         child{node[woman] {Berta}}         child {node[man] {Charles}}         child {node[woman]{Doris}};             \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}   and what I want to do, is to write 2 lines of text in each box (e.g. Jim and underneath his DOB). How do I break a line in order to do that? \\ doesn't work.  Here is a printscreen of the output:

How can I insert a line break in a TikZ node? Simply putting \\ where I want the break doesn't work (see MWE).  Is there a way to make lines break automatically at some specified width?  And can I control the alignment of the text (left, right, centered, justified)?  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} \node {First line\\second line}; \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}


I'm having a lot of problems converting my Set class into a template class. I have commented out all of the code other than the constructors and cannot get it to work. I have a header file and cpp file. Any advice?  I used the solutions from the other thread, but am unable to make it work.  Note: I only included the constructors from my cpp file since I'm working on that first.   Header file:  #ifndef SET_H #define SET_H #include <iostream> using namespace std;  template <class T> class Set {     //friend istream& operator>>( istream& in, Set& set );     //friend ostream& operator<<( ostream& out, Set& set );      public:             /*bool operator+( const T& rhs );             Set operator+( const Set& rhs );             bool operator-( const T& rhs );             Set operator-( Set& rhs );             Set operator^( Set& rhs );             bool operator==( Set& rhs );             bool operator!=( Set& rhs ); */             Set();             Set( T2 [], int, char );             Set( const Set& );             /*~Set() {                     delete elements;                     elements = NULL;                     numElements = pSize = 0;             }             int length() const;             T getElement( int ) const;             void display();             void checkUp();             bool add( T );             bool contains( T );             bool remove( T );             int findCell( int, T );             */     private:             static const int DEFAULT_SIZE = 5;             static const int emptyCell = -99999;             char name;             int pSize, numElements;             int *elements;  };   cpp File:  #include "set.h"  template < typename T >  template <class T2> Set::Set() {     elements = NULL;     pSize = numElements = 0; }  template <class T2> Set::Set( T2 array[], int ps, char nm ) {     elements = NULL;     pSize = numElements = 0;      //For each member of array, we're going to add it to this     /*     for ( int i = 0; i < ps; i++ )             this->add( array[ i ] );     name = nm;     */ }  template <class T2> Set::Set( const Set& s ) {     elements = NULL;     pSize = numElements = 0;      /*For each member of the passed set, we're going to add to this     for ( int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++ )             this->add( s.getElement( i ) );     */ }   Thanks!!

Quote from :     The only portable way of using templates at the moment is to implement them in header files by using inline functions.   Why is this?  (Clarification: header files are not the only portable solution. But they are the most convenient portable solution.)


I bought Minecraft last time in my ps4 not the CD but the one on  playstation store so what I wanna ask u if it is possible that I can use the same Minecraft on my MacBook Pro?? :)

If I purchase Minecraft Windows 10 edition, do I get a Minecraft/Mojang account? In other words, can I then play the older desktop edition as well?  (I know that the Windows 10 Minecraft is similar to Pocket Edition Minecraft. Advantages of the desktop edition include the ability to "mod", and the ability to load/save and share worlds.  I would like to have those capabilities on Windows 10.).


Intro  I have a list of elements in a tabular, where some elements of the last (3rd) column sometimes are long enough to overpass the width of the page. It is quite boring to have to go line by line and adjust accordingly.  For example one line of my tabular might be:  First column & second column & my long, way too long third column that overpass the width of the page.\\   and here is what I do to solve this issue  First column & second column & my long, way too long third column\\ & & that overpass the width of the page.\\   Question  Is there a solution to set the width of the page (indicating the page is an A4 for example) to the whole tabular, so that LaTex does the trick automatically. We might eventually have to indicate whether we want the line break to occur in the middle of the words or only at spaces or only after comas.

I'm writing a short tabular CV that I have to add to my thesis. I thought a quick way would be to use a table for that purpose:  \begin{tabular}{ll} 2009-present           & very long text 1, very long text 2, very long text 3 , very long text 4, very long text 5, very long text 6, very long text 7, very long text 8, very long text 9, very long text 10\\ 2009  & Masters\\ 2006  & Bachelors\\ \end{tabular}   Unfortunately, LaTeX does not break the lines at the spaces. The only solutions I found so far, are   "adding additional rows to the table" "use fixed table size + \newline".   Manually adjusting texts is not very efficient.  Is there also a way to automate this (e.g. by define a cell/column as "text-cell/column")?  \begin{tabular}{lp{12cm}} 2009-present           & very long text 1, very long text 2, very long text 3 , very long text 4, very long text 5, very long text 6, very long text 7, very long text 8, very long text 9, very long text 10\\ 2009  & Masters\\ 2006  & Bachelors\\ \end{tabular}   Could be a solution, but the right column does not automatically reach the right "border" of the page.


From CoS (or was it from HBP?) we get a very vague hint at how much Lucius knew about the diary; Dumbledore tells Harry that Voldemort probably told Lucius that the diary would help open the Chamber of Secrets, and there was some plan that Voldemort wanted to put into action, which never happened because his power got destroyed when he attacked Harry (sorry I don't remember the exact scene).    Non-the-less I doubt Voldemort told him any details on how the diary worked. He had to keep his horcruxes a top secret, and somehow I don't see him telling Lucius that the diary had his actual memories locked inside of it, and that it had the capability to possess other people. However, from book 2 we know that Lucius knew enough to plant the diary on a student going to Hogwarts, that it would definitely open the Chamber of Secrets, and somehow the student who had the diary planted on would be blamed for it (which was the reason he planted it on Arthur Weasley's daughter). We also know that a lot of the things in book 2 happened due to pure luck. After Ginny threw the diary down Myrtle's toilet, it just happened to have been picked up by Harry. It might have been picked up by anybody, might have been flushed down a different toilet entirely (the reason it was even found by Harry was because Myrtle threw it back out), or it might not have been taken to Hogwarts in the first place (if Ginny's parents had checked her books after returning home from Diagon Alley before giving them to her, they might have realized the diary was not something they bought and might have just kept it at the house, possibly even recognized that it had some dark magic on it).    So I am curious to know, how much about the diary did Lucius know exactly? What was he hoping would happen? Did he think it would just cause chaos, or even cause Voldemort to come back somehow (this I doubt, seeing how scared he was when Voldemort did come back in book 4, and he doesn't seem like the person to be that loyal, to actually want Voldemort to come back)? Is any information available on this topic?

In The Chamber of Secrets, Lucius slips Tom Riddle's diary into Ginny's cauldron in Diagon Alley.  Did Voldemort or one of his followers instruct Lucius to do this?  If not, why did he do it?  If he was just trying to dispose of evidence, this seems like a rather stupid way to do it.  Arthur works for the Ministry and is a friend (or at least a fan) of Dumbledore's; if he discovered the diary quickly enough, it could go very badly for Lucius.  And if Lucius was deliberately trying to open the Chamber (for some reason?), the whole thing seems very poorly planned and executed.  There was no one at Hogwarts besides Ginny working towards opening the chamber, so the plan has a single point of failure.  What was Lucius trying to accomplish, and why?


We were given this proof under our Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic section and it is supposed to involve prime factorization. I'm totally lost so far and could use any help you can offer.

I'm trying to do the following exercise from Neukirch's Algebraic Number Theory (exercise 2, $\S 1$, chapter 1):  Show that, in the ring $\mathbb{Z}[i]$, the relation $\alpha\beta=\varepsilon\gamma^n$, for $\alpha,\beta$ relatively prime numbers and $\varepsilon$ a unit, implies $\alpha=\varepsilon^{\prime}\xi^n$ and $\beta=\varepsilon^{\prime\prime}\eta^n$, with $\varepsilon^{\prime},\varepsilon^{\prime\prime}$ units.  My attempt: once $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are relatively prime, $\alpha\nmid\beta$ and $\beta\nmid\alpha$. Therefore $N(\alpha)$ and $N(\beta)$ are relatively prime too (where $N(a+ib)=a^2+b^2$). Therefore,  $$N(\alpha\beta)=N(\alpha)N(\beta)=N(\varepsilon)N(\gamma^n)=N(\gamma)^n=(p_1\cdot\ldots\cdot p_r)^n=p_1^n\cdot\ldots\cdot p_r^n$$  And once $N(\alpha)$ and $N(\beta)$ are relatively prime, we have (if necessary, we reorder the $p_i$'s):  $$N(\alpha)=p_1^n\cdot\ldots\cdot p_k^n=(p_1\cdot\ldots\cdot p_k)^n=N(\xi)^n=N(\xi^n)$$ and $$N(\beta)=p_{k+1}^n\cdot\ldots\cdot p_r^n=(p_{k+1}\cdot\ldots\cdot p_r)^n=N(\eta)^n=N(\eta^n)$$  And the result follows.  But I'm not sure about one step. It is $\alpha$ and $\beta$ relatively prime $\Rightarrow$ $N(\alpha)$ and $N(\beta)$ relatively prime. I know that if $\alpha|\beta$ then $N(\alpha)|N(\beta)$, but the previous assertion is not necesseraly true, and if it is, and don't know how to prove it. If it is true, the result follows, unless I made something wrong in the rest of the proof.  That's it. If you know another way of doing the exercise, please show me.


I need to know in python whenever a new file was added/removed/modified in a particular directory  Is there a way for that?  I'm looking for an "inofity"-like function (from POSIX).  Thanks

I have a log file being written by another process which I want to watch for changes. Each time a change occurs I'd like to read the new data in to do some processing on it.  What's the best way to do this? I was hoping there'd be some sort of hook from the PyWin32 library. I've found the win32file.FindNextChangeNotification function but have no idea how to ask it to watch a specific file.  If anyone's done anything like this I'd be really grateful to hear how...  [Edit] I should have mentioned that I was after a solution that doesn't require polling.  [Edit] Curses! It seems this doesn't work over a mapped network drive. I'm guessing windows doesn't 'hear' any updates to the file the way it does on a local disk.


I have to get IP and URL in request parameter and I need to avoid injection specially from url string, here is my code:  if(filterValidIp($ip) && filterValidUrl($url)) {     //it's ok      //code.... }   function for url:  function filterValidUrl($s) {     $s = trim($s);     $valid = filter_var($s, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL);     if(!$valid === false) {         return true;     }     return false; }   url:  ?url=http://google.com?id=ss'+&ip=127.0.0.1   pass as valid

If user input is inserted without modification into an SQL query, then the application becomes vulnerable to , like in the following example:  $unsafe_variable = $_POST['user_input'];   mysql_query("INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES ('$unsafe_variable')");   That's because the user can input something like value'); DROP TABLE table;--, and the query becomes:  INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES('value'); DROP TABLE table;--')   What can be done to prevent this from happening?


How to block all website on the basis of top level domain name in ubuntu 14 . For example I want to block all website on my system ending with ".info" or ".org " or " ".cn " .

I know hot to block single tumblr blog with   127.0.1.1 something.tumblr.com   but I want to block entire tumblr. I tried 127.0.1.1 tumblr.com but it's not working.  Is there a way to do this?


There were two posts from back in 2011 about the  and . It's been 8 years since and I'm wondering if there might be an update since gvSIG and QGIS (at time of writing) are at v2.4 and v3.5, respectively.  Particularly, I'm interested to know what processes one software does better in than the other and how/why so (e.g. for Plugins, QGIS wins hands-down as the community is larger which has led to more plugins being developed).  Outside of the actual technology, I'm also curious as to how the community help has evolved. QGIS has a vast amount of help forums, websites, and tutorials, and I'm wondering if the response of the gvSIG community or if the resources available are equivalent or near equivalent to QGIS.

Many debutant GIS users are asking me which one is better QGIS or gvSIG. Since I use Qgis and I don't have any experience in gvSIG, I aways say that both are very nice softwares and the chose is a matter of liking vanilla or chocolate. But I want to have a better answer for that question, so I would like to hear from people with experience on both of them, what drove you to choose one or the other as your favorite opensource desktop GIS.


I have the following files  // File : Node.hpp  #ifndef NODE_H #define NODE_H  template <class T> class Node { public:         Node(T data);       private:         T data_; };  template class Node<int>;     #endif   The second file is the Node.cpp  #include "Node.hpp"  template <class T> Node<T>::Node(T data) {         data_ = data;         next_ = 0; }   Now in the a.cpp file I have  #include "Node.hpp"  #include <iostream>  int main() {      Node<int> a(20); }   On compiling I get  meow@vikkyhacks ~/Arena/c/LinkedList $ g++ -I ./include/ lib/Node.cpp a.cpp -o main && ./main && echo && rm main /tmp/ccswcJfR.o: In function `main': a.cpp:(.text+0x15): undefined reference to `Node<int>::Node(int)' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status   As you can see I have already template class Node<int>; to the Node.hpp, but still the linker is complaining about something which I believe is that it cannot find Node's constructor. How do I go about this ?  Duplicate Thread  This is not a duplicate of  because I already read that and its not helping me solve this problem. I need to know "How I can have the template constructor along with the class definition ?" and this is not discussed in the duplicate thread

Quote from :     The only portable way of using templates at the moment is to implement them in header files by using inline functions.   Why is this?  (Clarification: header files are not the only portable solution. But they are the most convenient portable solution.)


A credit card statement credit is a reduction in liability, so I would think it's "income" of a sort.  But, I could also see it as a reduction in expense; for example, buying a plane ticket using a credit card with 3% "cash back" (that gets applied as a statement credit) is sort of like a rebate or a delayed discount to that same expense.  Is there any general consensus or "best practice" for how to account for such things?  I could enter it as a negative expense, or as a special kind of income.  But if it's as a negative expense, it raises another question, which is: what kind of expense should it be entered as (i.e. which expense account)?  (The example with a plane flight and one big lump sum is clear enough as a negative expense, but how about 1% back on all purchases gradually adding up and finally resulting in one big statement credit?)  If it's entered as income, won't this falsely alter my income/expenses reports from a tax perspective?  (Since it's not really income.  Or is it, legally?)    I'm new to double-entry accounting and this question is general rather than specific to a single tool, but I'm starting to use GnuCash so answers geared toward how to implement the solution in GnuCash are especially welcome.

One of my credit cards gives me a cash back reward that I have credited to my account when it build up to a large enough amount. What account should I use for it, or is there a specific way to handle it in the ledger?   Currently I have it as Income:Other Inc, which doesn't seem quite right to me. Any suggestions?


let $A\in \mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$ and $f: \mathbb{R}^N \to \mathbb{R}, f(x)=\langle Ax, x\rangle$. How can I compute $\partial _1 f$?

It's stated that the gradient of:  $$\frac{1}{2}x^TAx - b^Tx +c$$  is   $$\frac{1}{2}A^Tx + \frac{1}{2}Ax - b$$  How do you grind out this equation? Or specifically, how do you get from $x^TAx$ to $A^Tx + Ax$?


We have two separate sql servers. On one server we have a datawarehouse DWH, on the other we have sales information.  Now on the DWH server there is an ETL job that collects the information from the sales server. The job runs daily after midnight. The DWH collects the information via linked server from the sales database.  Now, the most time the ETL job runs without any problems. But sometimes it failes because of query timeout. We have found out, that there is a specific pattern: The failure happens every 11th day. So on the 11th day the ETL job fails to collect information.  We have searched everthing and could not found out what this issue causes. Also we know that the amout of data is everytime, almost the same.  Does anyone have a clue or any idea, where i can search for such a problem?

We have two separate SQL Servers. On one server we have a data warehouse (DWH), on the other we have sales information database.  Now on the DWH server there is an ETL job that collects the information from the sales server. The job runs daily after midnight. The DWH collects the information via linked server from the sales database.  Now, the most time the ETL job runs without any problems. But sometimes it fails because of query timeout. We have found out, that there is a specific pattern: The failure happens every 11th day. So on the 11th day the ETL job fails to collect information.   The following error occurs:     SQLNCLI11 for linked server “my linked server” returned message “Query timeout expired.”   Note: The job fails usually 10 minutes after start.  We have searched everything and could not found out what this issue causes. Also we know that the amount of data is every time, almost the same. Also there is no any scheduled job that runs all 11 days or something.  The remote query timeout on the linked server is set to 0.  Our next step will be, to turn off the antivirus programm on the sales server, to check if this causes the problem.  Does anyone have any clue or idea, where i can search further to find the problem?


Following code:  public interface VehicleAbilities {    public void activateHyperDrive(); }  public class Car implements VehicleAbilities {     public void activateHyperDrive() {        fastenSeatBelt();        pressTheRedButton();    } }  public class Garage {    VehicleAbilities iVehicle;    public Garage(VehicleAbilities aVehicle) {        iVehicle = aVehicle;    }     public void fireUpCars() {        iVehicle.activateHyperDrive();    } }  public static void main (String[] args) {     Car car = new Car();     Garage garage = new Garage(car);     garage.fireUpCars(); }   My question is this: Is the car that activateHyperDrive is called on in garage object the same car instance as in main, or is it copied when it´s passed to garage? AFAIK Java is pass-by-value only, so isn´t the object copied? Are there any problems that can come up? Thank you.

I always thought Java uses pass-by-reference. However, I've seen a couple of blog posts (for example, ) that claim that it isn't (the blog post says that Java uses pass-by-value). I don't think I understand the distinction they're making. What is the explanation?


How can you remove the footnote number? I am curerntly using \let\thefootnote\relax\footnote but it only removes the number from the cited text not the footnote text. So if I do ABCDE\let\thefootnote\relax\footnote{Text} ABCDE will have no footnote number but at the footnote the number will appear

I would like to have a footnote about the funding source of my work in the first page without marker.   I tried below approaches:   \footnotetext{text goes here} This creates a footnote but with '0' as marker. However, the marker reference does not  appear within the normal text where I placed this command. Used \def\blfootnote{\xdef\@thefnmark{}\@footnotetext} definition provided at . I placed this definition in the main tex file just after package declaration. But, this gives the below error.     ! Use of \@ doesn't match its definition.    \blfootnote ->\xdef \@thefnmark{}\@f                                        ootnotetext


The English translation of my Drupal installation runs on MYSITE.com and my German translation runs on MYSITE.de. Of course, I want my users to be able to switch languages without having to log in again.  I read that there is no way to set cross domain cookies for domain1.com and domain2.com if they point to different websites, only for subdomains 1.domain.com and 2.domain.com. Is there any way to set a cross domain cookie in my case, where both domains point to the same installation?

I have a site that is in French and English. I am able to successfully setup so that users can switch back and forth between the two domains to view either language, however I cannot seem to keep users logged in. When they are logged into the english domain and then switch to the french domain they are required to login again. However if they switch back to the english domain they are still logged in.  As an example we'll use www.english-domain.com as the base (default) domain and www.french-domain.com as the secondary domain  In settings.php I have modified the following, however it doesn't seem to be keeping them logged in. Am I missing something?  /**  * Drupal automatically generates a unique session cookie name for each site  * based on its full domain name. If you have multiple domains pointing at the  * same Drupal site, you can either redirect them all to a single domain (see  * comment in .htaccess), or uncomment the line below and specify their shared  * base domain. Doing so assures that users remain logged in as they cross  * between your various domains.  */ $cookie_domain = 'english-domain.com';   Note: That I have also flushed both site and browser cache as well as deleted any cookies left on my machine.  Update:  Here are my language settings:


I'm working on developing a predictive model for a binary classification problem related to biomedical applications (need a really high and promising accuracy). I'm training on my training dataset and choose the hyperparameters (n_estimators,learning_rate,etc.) with cross validation. My model by using training dataset shows 0.98 AUC and accuracy score of 0.880 from score function. I got a test dataset based on a published paper and use their test dataset to examine my model's accuracy. My model shows 0.73 AUC on their test dataset (in the article authors show 0.84 AUC for their test dataset) and 0.800 from score function on their test dataset (in the article authors show 0.76 accuracy score on their test dataset). By the way, authors used SVM instead of GBM to extract these results. Basically I could summarize my results as:  Training dataset: 0.98 AUC and 0.880 accuracy score  Test dataset: 0.73 AUC and 0.800 accuracy score (authors have 0.84 AUC and 0.76 accuracy score for test dataset)  My question is that: Can I sell my higher accuracy score in comparison on test dataset (0.800 > 0.76) despite my lower AUC? I appreciate any insight or suggestion or recommendation.

I have a binary classification problem and I experiment different classifiers on it: I want to compare the classifiers. which one is a better measure AUC or accuracy? And why?  Raondom Forest: AUC: 0.828  Accuracy: 79.6667 %            SVM: AUC: 0.542  Accuracy: 85.6667 %


There is currently . I order many packages from China, mostly electronics parts. I see that I have dealt with distributors on Aliexpress from Wuhan, the coronavirus epicenter, and other affected cities.  Is there any chance of coronavirus, or other commutable diseases, being transmitted via post?

How long will it remain potent outside an organism?  I'm thinking in the context of if it can survive a couple of weeks or a month in the mail for the recipient to get infected.  Edit:  I tried looking at the WHO's page dedicated to the virus, have not found anything pertaining to my question in the PDFs there (maybe I overlooked something, I guess I'm just lacking the proper keyword to use for the search)  I tried looking at the coronavirus Wikipedia page and have not found anything there.  I did find somewhere that a flu virus would typically not remain potent for more than 14 days outside of an organism, but I'm not sure if this applies to all viruses.


I have spare 1060 as I recently upgraded to 3070 and was wondering if using both of them will improve rendering times

I have a GTX 1060 6GB in my current build, and I also have a GTX 960 2GB in storage. I was wondering if I got , and got both of my GPUs in one build (not SLI or CrossFire, just in the same system) would I be able to use both GPUs for rendering simultaneously? I don't care if this means having them both render separate tiles in one instance of Blender, or rendering separate frames in two instances. I'm using Cycles for everything I do.


I use Chrome as my primary browser, but wanted access to Firebug to debug some javascript. With webforms projects, I simply run them, copy-paste the address the project is running at into Firefox or IE and go from there. This doesn't seem to work now that I'm using MVC - Firefox and IE both render a white page. A view source on either browser shows me that the HTML is there, but simply not being rendered. Works perfectly in Chrome, though.  Not sure what's going on here...has anyone had experience with this bizarre issue?  EDIT:  @prashant - clarified title, thought tag was enough, sorry.  @tomas - doctypes are correct, does not happen on a fresh MVC project (it renders fine)  @robaticus - saving the page as .html renders fine in firefox. Thought you might be on to something with Javascript, and it appears that is the problem. If I remove this section from my Site.Master template:  <script type="text/javascript" src="../../scripts/MicrosoftAjax.js" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../scripts/MicrosoftMvcAjax.js" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../scripts/jquery-1.4.1.min.js" />   everything works fine then, the page renders. The page itself doesn't have any special javascript, just those three declarations in the master it inherits. The file paths are accurate and they exist - what's the deal here? It's not a specific javascript file, either - as long as any of those 3  tags exist, bad things happen.

What is the reason browsers do not correctly recognize:  <script src="foobar.js" /> <!-- self-closing script element -->   Only this is recognized:  <script src="foobar.js"></script>   Does this break the concept of XHTML support?  Note: This statement is correct at least for all IE (6-8 beta 2).


I'm plotting the ACF of a time series. # Import data Y = scan('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/leanhdung1994/Time-Series/main/trafic.dat') Y = ts(Y, start = 1963, frequency = 12)  # Remove the data about the last year X = window(Y, end = 1979 + 11/12) acf(X)   Could you please explain why the number on lag axis is non-integer?

I'm trying to use ARIMA process to predict the behaviour of a time series, the probleme I face is that I can't get the order of each component of ARIMA, the lag is between 0 and 1, same goes for the acf. The time series has no tendency, and I guess no seasonality.     My question is : Does this mean that ARIMA orders are all 0s, and if so, is the HoltWinters a good (or the best) solution for modelling this kind of TS ?


I'm having space problems in the root folder and one of the folders that contains many files is /usr/share/doc/texlive-doc, I would like to know, there is a way for me to use a command that goes through the entire folder and deletes only file with .pdf extension? This is on Ubuntu 16.04.

How do I safely delete all files with a specific extension (e.g. .bak) from current directory and all subfolders using one command-line? Simply, I'm afraid to use rm since I used it wrong once and now I need advice.


I am trying to find the unit digit of ${{43}^{43}}^{43}$. Normally I would try to break up the exponent to make it easier though 43 is prime so I can't do that. So instead I first considered $43^{43}$ and tried finding a pattern for the unit digits by looking at the first few values:  $43^0=1$  $43^1=43$  $43^2=1849$  $43^3=79507$  $43^4=3418801$  $43^5=147008443$  ...  I then noticed that they repeated every 4 values with a unit digit pattern of {1, 3, 9, 7}.  This is where I am stuck, for a few reasons:   I know I need to prove that this unit digit pattern continues but I'm not quite sure how to do this. I know the unit digit is 1, 3, 7 or 9, but how do I know which one it is? After finding the unit digit of $43^{43}$, how do I then use this to find the unit digit of ${{43}^{43}}^{43}$? Lets say $x$ is the unit digit of $43^{43}$ so would I then need to find the unit digit of $43^x$?   Can someone help me with where I am confused, let me know if the proccess I wrote is incorrect, or explain an easier approach to this problem?

I need to find the last digit of $103^{103^{103^{103^{103}}}}$ so the value in $\mod10$. I know  \begin{align} 103^{103^{103^{103^{103}}}}&=(100+3)^{103^{103^{103^{103}}}}\\ &=100\cdot(stuff)+3^{103^{103^{103^{103}}}}\\ &=3^{103^{103^{103^{103}}}} \mod10 \end{align}  And then I am stuck. I have observed that the last digit of a power of 3 is cyclic: $$3 \to 9 \to 7 \to 1 \to 3 \to 9 \to 7 \to\cdots$$  This means it depends on $103^{103^{103^{103}}}\mod4$.  Is this the right method? do I just need to keep doing this or is there a simpler "trick"?


I want to rent a program in Python but I don't want my customers to see the source code I made.  So, how do I let them run the file without seeing the source code? I was thinking about python-crypto AES But it requests a password to decrypt the code to run it, so.. any ideas?

I am developing a piece of software in Python that will be distributed to my employer's customers. My employer wants to limit the usage of the software with a time restricted license file. If we distribute the .py files or even .pyc files it will be easy to (decompile and) remove the code that checks the license file. Another aspect is that my employer does not want the code to be read by our customers, fearing that the code may be stolen or at least the "novel ideas". Is there a good way to handle this problem?


I am trying to make a bed in Blender as part of a personal project but the Silk option is missing under the cloth in the Psychics tab. I have made the surface below have a collision put on it, but I just can't find it! Any help?

Is there anyway to restore the Blender default Cloth settings? Or is there anyway to find what the default settings are?  I didn't realize at the time that by changing the values I was overriding the default values.  Using Blender v2.76.


My question is related, but not the same as the following question:    Here's some fake data:  ### some fake data x=c(1:14) y=c(0,  1,  2,  3,  1,  4,  9, 18, 23, 31, 20, 25, 37, 45) y_rate <- y / 1000   I'm going to use a Poisson GLM with a log link to predict y_rate:  ### model pois_mdl <- glm(y_rate ~ x, family=poisson(link="log")) summary(pois_mdl)   Plot the fit:  ### plot plot(x, y_rate) lines(x, pois_mdl$fitted.values)   I am surprised that Poisson glm() allows for non-integer values in the dependent variable. Draws from a Poisson distribution are always integers (regardless of the value of the mean parameter). Why doesn't glm() blow up?

I am really stunned by the fact that the Poisson GLM accepts non-integer numbers! Look:  Data (contents of data.txt):  1   2001    0.25  1 1   2002    0.5   1 1   2003    1     1 2   2001    0.25  1 2   2002    0.5   1 2   2003    1     1   R script:  t        <- read.table("data.txt") names(t) <- c('site', 'year', 'count', 'weight') tm       <- glm(count ~ 0 + as.factor(site) + as.factor(year), data = t,                  family = "quasipoisson")  # also works with family="poisson" years    <- 2001:2003 plot(years, exp(c(0, tail(coef(tm), length(years)-1))), type = "l")   The resultant year index is as "expected", i.e., 1-2-4 in years 2001-2003.  But how is it possible that Poisson GLM takes non-integer numbers? The Poisson distribution has always been integer-only!


I have some problems with my postfix setup. We send newsletter regulaly to our customers once or twice a week. and we have expierenced that many customers do not get their emails, it's simply because our domain has been listed as spammer in their spamfilter.   I've asked one of our customers to check what's the reason that our emails come directly in their spamfilter. he said "the problem is, that we are sending emails from a server which is not registered to be a valid exchanger for domain name [ourdoman].com".  can anyone explain to me what does this mean?  the company use MS exchange as our main mail server. and we use linux / postfix / php to send newsletters. both ms exhcange and postfix share the same domain name.

This is a  about how to handle email sent from your server being misclassified as spam.  For additional information you may find these similar questions helpful:                    Sometimes I want to send newsletters to my customers. The problem is, that some of the emails get caught as spam messages. Mostly by Outlook at the client (even in my own Outlook 2007).  Now I want to know what should be done to create "good" emails. I know about reverse lookup etc., but (for example), what about a unsubscribe link with an unique ID?  Does that increase a spam rating?


So I did this but I'm not sure if it is an actual proof because it is based on a hypothesis, and also I'm not sure if I understand the Continuum Hypothesis correctly.   Because $\boldsymbol{I} \subseteq \boldsymbol{R}$, l can have either the same or less cardinality than $\boldsymbol{R}$. By the Continuum Hypothesis, l can not have a lower cardinality than $\boldsymbol{R}$, so it must have the same cardinality.   Is this correct, and/or is there a more rigorous method?  Also, can I use the notation $\operatorname{card} A < \operatorname{card} B$?

I need to prove that $\mathbb{R}\backslash\mathbb{Q} \sim \mathbb{R} $  Using Cantor-Bernstein, need to show an injection from $\mathbb{R}\backslash\mathbb{Q}$ to $\mathbb{R}$ and from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{R}\backslash\mathbb{Q}$.    $\mathbb{R}\backslash\mathbb{Q}$ is a subset of $\mathbb{R}$ so only need to show injection from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{R}\backslash\mathbb{Q}$ to complete the proof.    Possible injection: $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}\backslash\mathbb{Q}$ defined as $f(x) = \pi x$ if $x$ is not a multiple of $\pi$; otherwise $f(x) = \sqrt{2} x$.    Not sure if $f$ actually is an injection...


Is there a way to move the dock to the top of the screen in GNOME? I wanted to test the new GNOME but not being able to set the dock to the top of the screen in previous GNOME versions was a deal-breaker so I have been running Mint for years.

Is there a way to merge to two bars in GNOME 3? Best case scenario would be to have one single bottom or top bar that has all the symbols on the left side and the rest like the time indicator, connections, on/off button, etc. on the right side.  Is that possible in any way?


I am a Brazilian citizen currently working in a university in the Netherlands. Me and my girlfriend, who is British had a 20 day trip planned back in April. As I came to visit her (for us to go together), our flight was cancelled due to the covid-19 crisis. Moreover, my flight back to the Netherlands was also cancelled, therefore I was not able to leave the UK on the date I planned. I have been doing home office from her house since, now that things seem to be going back to normal, I want to book my flight back to the Netherlands, however, if possible, I would like to avoid for a bit longer to enter in a plane as corona is still a risk. In the stamp they put on my passport when I arrived it says I can stay for 6 months. I never had to worry about this definition before now, however, how does the 6 months limit work?  Are the 6 months renewed every time I come in? Which I find very unlikely, as I mean, seems far too easy to exploit. Are the 6 months renewed on a calendar year basis? Are the 6 months renewed on a 12 month rolling basis? Something else?  I specifically remember that, a couple years ago,  a immigration officer at passport control telling me option 2 was the correct. I wanted to confirm this information now, so I called both covid-19 helpline for immigration, and the "general immigration advice" at 0300 123 2241, however, they told me the correct option was  1. The email I found for immigration queries specific for covid-19 specific did not answer this question, as is not directly related to covid. But I did not manage to find a general email for immigration queries, does anyone know one? I would be okay with that if I had managed to have it written, but I am worried whether this was just a bad luck of having two officers who did not have the right information. What if later this year I come back to visit her and another officer at passport control also claims option 2 is correct, I would not be able to use the calls as proof that I got the information from an official source. Should I just assume a worst case scenario and go back as soon as possible?

I had recently entered the UK without a visa to be with my partner, from 21 July 2016 until 16 December 2016. I hope to return on the 9th of January. We don't meet the income requirement for a Spouse visa. I recently applied to university, and got in, and was intending to return to the UK on a student visa, but my university did not tell me about maintenance fees and my loan wasn't large enough to cover it all, so my visa would have been denied.  Now, I am hoping to attend university in the next semester, and therefore return to the US to apply for that visa. Do you think that if I try to return to the UK without a visa, I will be turned away?  I won't be working or studying during this time, however, I'm afraid that they'll consider it living in the UK illegally; I don't have a criminal record or anything like that.


I wrote a script to update a field value on several thousand records based on certain criteria. I will only be doing this one time, and that's the  reason for not putting the logic in an Apex Class.   I tried running the script in Developer Console and ran into the classic 'Too many query records 50001' error.  I can put the logic in Batch Class, but that would mean writing a test class, and deploying the two classes to production. And after my records are updated , i will not be using this Batch Class again.   My question is -  How can i run the script to update records in Batches to avoid the 50001 error? Is limiting the SOQL to 5000 and running the script manually many time is my only option?

I'm attempting a mass update on Contacts via Execute Anonymous. My code gives me the following error:     System.LimitException: Apex CPU Time Limit Exceeded   Here's my code:  List <Contact> contactList = [select Id, Mass_Update_Checkbox__c from Contact Limit 1000];  for (Contact contact : contactList) {     contact.Mass_Update_Checkbox__c = TRUE;  }  update contactList;


I got bus error from following code:  char *my_string = "Hello"; my_string[0] = 'Y';   What could be the problem (bug)?

The following code receives seg fault on line 2:  char *str = "string"; str[0] = 'z';  // could be also written as *str = 'z' printf("%s\n", str);   While this works perfectly well:  char str[] = "string"; str[0] = 'z'; printf("%s\n", str);   Tested with MSVC and GCC.


me@hp:~$ sudo apt-get install deluge  [sudo] password for me:  E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem.    help me how to fix this

I have ubuntu 11.10 and when I run any package management command in terminal I get this message  E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem.    What is the problem and how can I solve it?


I understand that logistic regression has some nice properties that works well for classification problems, such as the S-curve shape, the output value being between [0,1], and continuous across X. But there are some other functions which also share such properties, for example the Complementary log-log function or even the CDF of Gaussian distribution.   Why is the logistic function most commonly used in classification problems? Is it because the logistic function is relatively easy to implement?

I've been thinking about this problem.  The usual logistic function for modeling binary data is: $$ \log\left(\frac{p}{1-p}\right)=\beta_0+\beta_1X_1+\beta_2X_2+\ldots $$ However is the logit function, which is an S-shaped curve, always the best for modeling the data?  Maybe you have reason to believe your data does not follow the normal S-shaped curve but a different type of curve with domain $(0,1)$.  Is there any research into this?  Maybe you can model it as a probit function or something similar, but what if it is something else entirely?  Could this lead to better estimation of the effects?  Just a thought I had, and I wonder if there is any research into this.


Written article, but nomenclature is not printed. Using Texmaker with MikTEX. I have configured the Makeindex file locations as in the examples. makeindex <filename>.nlo -s nomencl.ist -o <filename>.nls  Commands used (and lots of others): PDFLaTeX MakeIndex BibTex PDFLaTeX PDFLaTeX  An example nomenclature was printed once, but never again. Re-entered everything into new file. Removed nomencl package and let it be reinstalled. Tried out on 2nd PC, but issue remains. Tried another example as below and still does not work. Files generated are *.aux, *.log, *.nlo, *.bbl, *.blg, *.synctex and *.pdf. All in same directory as the test file. There is no *.nls file. Simplest of the examples used. \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature \nomenclature{test}{This is a test}  \begin{document} \section{foo}  \printnomenclature \end{document}

I would like to use nomencl. I have the following code:  \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature \nomenlature{test}{This is a test} \printnomenclature \makeindex My_file.nlo -s nomencl.ist -o My_file.nls"   I receive the following error:     No file My_file.nls.   All my files are in the same folder and I can see the nlo file.  I am using TeXworks (pdfLaTeX+MakeIndex+BibTeX) and Windows Vista.


Let $T$ be a countably categorical first order theory. Let $M \vDash T$ be arbitrary and countable. Show that there exists $\{M_n : n \in \omega \}$ of countable models of $T$ such that $M_{n+1} \prec M_n$ ($M_{n+1}$ is a proper elementary substructure of $M_n$), and $M = \cap_{n < \omega}M_n$. I don't think it's as simple as doing a bunch of Downwards Lowenheim Skolem. I was thinking of defining a model $B = (N, P_i)_{i \in \omega}$ where each predicate will eventually be interpreted as $M_i$ and say that, for every formula $\phi$, $B$ is a model of $P_{i+1}(a) \implies (\phi(a)^{P_{i+1}} \iff \phi(a)^{P_i})$ where the superscript indicates the relativization of the formula. $B$ will also model other sentences indicating $P_{i+1} \subset P_i$ and the $P_i$ are models, etc. But I'm not sure how to fill the details. I don't think $\cap P_i^B = M$ is necessarily true either. Would appreciate the help.

Let $M$ an infinite structure such that $\mid M \mid \ge \mid L(M) \mid $. Show that exists a proper elementary extension $N$ and a chain $\langle N_{i} \mid i < \omega \rangle $ such that $$N=N_{0},    \  \ N_{i} \succ N_{i+1} $$ for all $i< \omega $ and $M=\bigcap_{i< \omega} N_{i}$   That this exercise comes as an application of sequence of indiscernible, the procedure would be to find a sequence of indiscernible and with this sequence and with $M$  build the first model $N_{0}$ of the chain of elementary extensions of $M$. I'm not sure if that is the correct. Thanks for any hint.


My screen (desktop/spaces) keeps jumping to the first "desktop". There are no running apps on that desktop (except finder). After the first few times this happened I pressed ⌘ Cmd-⌥ Opt-⎋ Esc and restarted finder.  When it continued to happen I quit all open apps and restarted the computer. (I run a few apps full screen, and usually keep the first desktop open for any quick work or apps I will use, if I will have an app open for a while that doesn't have full screen, I create a desktop/space for it and run it off on the side somewhere).  The screen just keeps taking me back to the first one. It is getting to the point where it is too annoying to ignore. So far typing this I have counted it happening seven times.  What I have tried, besides restarting Finder, and restarting the Mac, in Mission Control settings I disabled Automatically rearrange, and Group windows by applications (to be honest I don't know what Group windows by application means, I assume it has to do with what screens a new window of an already running app will open on), and When switching to an app, switch space.  I tried rearranging spaces, I moved the Desktop to the third space (this must be a Mavericks feature, I don't think I have ever been able to do that before), and it keeps jumping to that Desktop (third space). I have also tried creating a new desktop space and deleting the old one. It keeps jumping.  I also don't think this is finder calling for anything. The menu bar remains the same for the app I was using, and only becomes finder when I click on the desktop.  I could just not use spaces, but what would the point be?  I don't know if this would be an easy thing to help anyone with, but maybe something similar has happened to someone before.

I use spaces with 10.9. I run a few applications in full screen mode. While focused on an application in full screen mode every minute or so I switched back to the first space. This happens with no input on my behalf.   I suspected it was an application in the background taking focus. I shut down all applications that do this and have also disabled space switching on application focus. After a reset the issue persists.   I noticed that the tool bar glitches out after the switch happens. It feels like a bug because when the application is not in full screen mode the icons on my desktop will disappear for a split second and then reappear. This seems to be happening with the same frequency as the space switching issue. Has anyone en-counted this? Is there a fix? It's driving me nuts!


I'm trying to beat the WoL campaign in as few missions as possible. Can anyone tell me which order of missions I should go in to do so?

The "Hurry up, it's raid night" achievement in Starcraft 2 involves "beating Wings of Liberty, on normal, in 8 hours or less."  Is there a recommended mission path to take? Which mission should I take for the branching paths? Does it count time spent on the Hyperion in between missions, or is it exclusively time elapsed on missions. Does replaying a mission affect the time? General tips / hints from those who've unlocked the achievement?  Edit: Just got this achievement tonight, finally! The answer was perfect.


Is there a way to, for example, print Hello World! every n seconds? For example, the program would go through whatever code I had, then once it had been 5 seconds (with time.sleep()) it would execute that code. I would be using this to update a file though, not print Hello World.  For example:  startrepeat("print('Hello World')", .01) # Repeats print('Hello World') ever .01 seconds  for i in range(5):     print(i)  >> Hello World! >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> Hello World! >> 3 >> Hello World! >> 4

I want to repeatedly execute a function in Python every 60 seconds forever (just like an  in Objective C). This code will run as a daemon and is effectively like calling the python script every minute using a cron, but without requiring that to be set up by the user.  In , the solution appears to effectively just  for x seconds. I don't need such advanced functionality so perhaps something like this would work  while True:     # Code executed here     time.sleep(60)   Are there any foreseeable problems with this code?


Which one is correct?     Who are you staying with   or     Whom are you staying with?

I can never figure out whether I should use who and whom. Most people use who for both colloquially, but some people say this is not correct.  What’s the rule for using who and whom correctly?


$ which xar /usr/bin/xar   It's in /usr/bin. Does that mean it's preinstalled on mac?

In a unix based system a number of commands are available by default (either in /bin or /usr/bin). Suppose in some time I installed more tools like git, svn …   In OS X if I install XCode and then the command line tools package, a bundle of development tools will be getting installed into the system. So how can I know which commands are available at the time of the installation of the OS?  Is netcat, nc available by default on Mac OSX or is that installed along with command line tools ?


Prop. $\mathbb{Q} \left( \sqrt {2}\right)$ under usual properties, i.e., $\mathbb{Q} \left( \sqrt {2}\right)$ is a field.  Proof. (Step of multiplicative inverse of $\mathbb{Q} \left( \sqrt {2}\right)$)  Let $a+b\sqrt {2}$ $\in$ $\mathbb{Q} \left( \sqrt {2}\right)$. We will find a',b' $\in$ $\mathbb{Q}$ such that $\dfrac {1} {a+b\sqrt {2}}$= $a'+b'\sqrt {2}$.  It suffices to show that if a+b$\sqrt {2}$ $\neq$ then $a^{2}-2b^{2}\neq 0$. Suppose not, say $a+b\sqrt {2}\neq 0$ but a^{2}-2b^{2}=0. Then 0 = $a^{2}-2b^{2}$= $(a+b\sqrt {2})$ $(a-b\sqrt {2})$. As $a+b\sqrt {2}$ $\neg$, so $a-b\sqrt {2}$=0. But then $\sqrt {2}$=a/b $\in$ $\mathbb{Q}$ provided by b $\neg$ 0. So b=0. However, (final step) if b=0 then a=0 as $a-b\sqrt {2}$. And this yields $a+b\sqrt {2}$=0. Contradiction.  My question is that is ''if b=0 then a=0 as $a-b\sqrt {2}$ $\equiv$ if $a-b\sqrt {2}$ then a=0 and b=0''? Because my proof is that (final step) if $a-b\sqrt {2}$=0 then a=0 and b=0. And this yields $a+b\sqrt {2}$=0. Contradiction

I have been reading through my notes and I came across this example and I found it hard to understand so I need some help in explaining how the inverse of this is found.  The set $\mathbb Q(\sqrt 2)=\{a+b\sqrt2$: $a,b$ in $\mathbb Q \}$ is a field. The inverse of an element $a+b\sqrt 2$ in $ \mathbb Q(\sqrt 2$) is  $$\frac{1}{a+b\sqrt{2}}=\frac{a}{a^2-2b^2}+\frac{-b}{a^2-2b^2}\sqrt{2} $$  Can anyone explain  to how the inverse was found? Appreciate your help.


let n be an integer greater than 2. and let pi be thePrime-counting function. prove that:  for any n: $2^{n}\leq(2n)^{\pi(2n)}$ $n^{\pi(2n)-\pi(n)}<2^{2n}$

I may not use the Prime Number Theorem (and even if I could, it would only show the desired claim for sufficiently-large $n$).  I have tried induction on $n^{\pi\left(2n\right)-\pi\left(n\right)}<2^{2n}$. For the induction step we have: $$n^{\pi\left(2n+2\right)-\pi\left(n+1\right)} \le n^{\pi\left(2n+2\right)-\pi\left(n\right)}  \le n^{\pi\left(2n\right)+1-\pi\left(n\right)}  <2^{2n}n$$  Which isn't less than $2^{2n+2}$.  Any advice is very welcome.


Is there any place one can find a list of ArcGIS alternative or near-alternative tools found in (any of) the open source softwares? I am not looking for software but individual tools found in the software.  I started my GIS career with ArcGIS. Today I am using more and more Open Source software such as QGIS, SAGA GIS, and R among others. I have spent hours and hours of time when finding different tools that do the same thing as those so conveniently found in ArcGIS (because you know what to look for). It would be very convenient and time saving to just check the alternative from a list than spend time googling and reading various manuals and doing trial and error at your desktop.  e.g., ArcMap: Spatial Analyst: Raster calculator - SAGA GIS: Grid Calculus: Grid Calculator   I see that there are several threads dealing with this, but they are regarding this with a smaller scope:        I am looking after a comprehensive, "dictionary type" of list.   So is there a comprehensive list or a site regarding this, and if not, how could we get one? I think this would be very useful for a whole lot of people!

I'm a long-term user of ESRI software, and I now have a need to use free and open source software.   I've been reading about OpenLayers, PostgreSQL, PostGIS, GeoServer and MapServer but I can't find a good overview stating what each product does, why it's needed, and how they all fit together.  For example,  and  both list a bunch of products but don't give enough information for me to decide which ones are relevant.  In ArcGIS, I would use the following:   file geodatabase or ArcSDE geodatabase for data storage ArcMap desktop to edit the data and compile the map document ArcGIS Server to create web services ArcGIS Server JavaScript API to create the end-user maps from the web services   What are the equivalent FOSS products?


I have ran these codes:  sudo chown -R / sudo chmod 755 /   And now my server is not working. I need to get backup copy of MySQL database How can I fix it?

Question: What is the best way to recover mysql (or worst case: migrate away) from a "chmod -R 777 /" with databases intact?  System: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS MySQL 5.5.24 64 bit Amazon EC2 cloud server.  Background: Attempting to recover (or at least recover data from) a system which had this done to it:        chmod -R 777 /   No point in worrying about the why.  It was a manager with too much access and too little experience who likes to swim in deep waters.  It was a pure accident on his part, not actually meaning to hit enter when he did.  I have recovered much of the system, but am really hung up on getting mysql working again.  I have already worked through such pages as:         Have already done this:        sudo chmod 644 my.cnf     chown mysql:mysql my.cnf   At which point attempting to start mysql:        sudo service mysql start   Produces this output in syslog:      Apr 12 20:51:42 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632541.774742] type=1400 audit(1365799902.306:41): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=18210 comm="apparmor_parser"     Apr 12 20:51:42 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632541.964496] init: mysql main process (18214) terminated with status 1     Apr 12 20:51:42 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632541.964542] init: mysql main process ended, respawning     Apr 12 20:51:43 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632542.959796] init: mysql post-start process (18215) terminated with status 1     Apr 12 20:51:43 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632543.002041] type=1400 audit(1365799903.534:42): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=18238 comm="apparmor_parser"     Apr 12 20:51:43 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632543.098490] init: mysql main process (18242) terminated with status 1     Apr 12 20:51:43 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632543.098536] init: mysql main process ended, respawning     Apr 12 20:51:43 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632543.140706] init: mysql post-start process (18244) terminated with status 1     Apr 12 20:51:43 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632543.158681] type=1400 audit(1365799903.690:43): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=18258 comm="apparmor_parser"     Apr 12 20:51:43 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632543.285087] init: mysql main process (18262) terminated with status 1     Apr 12 20:51:43 ip-10-10-25-143 kernel: [18632543.285133] init: mysql respawning too fast, stopped   What I read from that is mysql is terminating with a status 1, and it loops a few times trying to start up and gets stopped from doing that after too many attempts.  I've looked into status 1 but haven't found solutions that seem applicable.


My understanding is that the electric field lines of a proton goes outwards and an electron goes inwards, are theses properties the same for electron flow or is just for conventional current?  I think it makes more sense if the electric field lines of an electron is outwards instead of inwards, why? Protons have more mass, and should be producing an inwards electric field lines. Also, If the above is true, the electrons would flow with the electric field instead of against it in a closed circuit. Also, does that mean the magnetic field lines are reversed and the south pole magnetic field lines are going outwards?  I'm new to physics and I need help understanding the basics.

I recently came to know about the Conventional Current vs. Electron Flow issue. Doing some search I found that the reason for this is that Benjamin Franklin made a mistake when naming positive and negative charges. There is even this little comic about that   My question is, how can a naming convention be wrong? Perhaps I don't understand what is the actual mistake here, I don't know. But I don't see how a naming convention could be wrong or right. There is no right and wrong about that. It could've been any other name, like charge A and charge B.  I'll appreciate anyone can help me understand what is wrong in all this.