Is there something I can add to the preamble of my document such that multiple letters without spacing in a Math environment (such as $NP$) do not have extra spacing between them and are not considered multiple distinct variables? Right now, I have to use $\mathit{NP}$ to prevent any extra spacing, but I feel that it is more natural to add a space between the letters if they are a different variable ($N P$). For example, if I want the multi-letter variable NP, I want to be able to say $NP$ which would automatically be replaced by $\mathit{NP}$. If I want N and P to have the proper inter-variable spacing, I want to do that only when they are separated by a space, like so: $N P$. Is there a way to achieve this? Would it break something that I'm unaware of? Edit: Here's a screenshot that shows what I mean:  So basically, is it possible for line 1 to automatically give me line 3 and for line 2 to give me line 2?

In math mode, TeX assumes "hidden multiplication" (so that two variable names put nearby have invisible multiplication between), so that, AFAICT, expressions like $ABC$ are rendered with small distances between letters. Now, what to do if I have a two-letter variable name, like for instance TP or FN (true positive or false negative)? Leave as they are? Put them in \text? Yet in the first option they will look like T*P or F*N and in the second one they will differentiate from one-letter symbols.  In optics, the 2-letter variable NA is used for numerical aperture.


Example says it all:  x = [set()]*5 x[0].add(1) print x   yields:  [set([1]), set([1]), set([1]), set([1]), set([1])]   I understand what happened, but is this expected? Do I really need to use a loop to initialize a list with empty sets that are not aliases of each other?

I needed to create a list of lists in Python, so I typed the following: my_list = [[1] * 4] * 3  The list looked like this: [[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]    Then I changed one of the innermost values: my_list[0][0] = 5  Now my list looks like this: [[5, 1, 1, 1], [5, 1, 1, 1], [5, 1, 1, 1]]    which is not what I wanted or expected. Can someone please explain what's going on, and how to get around it?


string hash = "4A|DA|6C|A9|C2|D5|71|EF|6E|2A|8C|C3|C9|4D|36|B9" splitRHash2 = splitRHash.Split('|'); foreach (string i in splitRHash2) {     //BYTEARRAY += Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToInt32(i, 16))??? }   I have no idea of going about this. I simply wanted this string of hex:  4ADA6CA9C2D571EF6E2A8CC3C94D36B9   Into a byte array with 16 bytes. This will greatly help me to call these values from the 'hash' and use it add round keys later on for a project. The problem is, I have no knowledge in getting the string at increments of 2 without using the .split method. Any ideas? Thanks!!

Can we convert a hex string to a byte array using a built-in function in C# or do I have to make a custom method for this?


Whenever I open Pokemon GO, I get the screen I would get if I had just downloaded the game. It's asking me to sign up with a google account or if I have Pokemon trainers club. There is nothing I can press other than those buttons. What's wrong and how can I fix.

So I had 20+ Pokemon on my account and today when I tapped on the app, it brought me back to the original screen when you first start playing. My friend who signed up tested using my username when she first started and my username was unavailable, meaning the account still exists. I don't have the password for the account, but I do have the email. So I wanted to know if it was possible to log back into an account?


In Outlook 2007 when creating a new message I am able to type a letter or name in the "To:" field and have suggestions auto-complete. However, in the CONTACTS tab of Outlook 2007 there are no contacts listed at all. I am needing to EXPORT my contacts list (all the names and email addresses that show in the auto-complete "to:" field) to a new laptop and I'm switching to Thunderbird (Outlook 2013 is a mess to look at).  Where are these contacts stored that are auto-completed?  I have researched only to find answers of people having the reverse problem (contacts are in the CONTACTS tab but not showing up in the auto-complete).  I have also exported the .PST file and imported on another laptop with Outlook 2003, and no contacts are imported and the "to:" field does not have an auto-complete.

When creating a new email in Microsoft Outlook 2007 all the contact's I've ever contacted appear as they should in the 'To' field when I start to type.   The problem I'm having is I need to save them to an Excel sheet but I don't want to go through each one and type them out manually so I was going to export my address book. When I looked in the contact's section there weren't any contacts there.  How do I access the contacts that are showing up in the 'To' field?


This has been something that has been on my mind for quite some time now. I have some experience with Javascript and know that it has a function that can store files on a user's computer. My question is if it is possible to get  virus from a website by just visiting it. Thanks is advance.

I have seen these a lot lately. You click the link, and instant trojan. No need to download or anything.   How is this possible? Is there a way I can scan the links before visiting to make sure I won't be infected?


I always see players move between every attack, even if they are attacking a stationary target (for instance a tower) and there is no theat close that would make their current position worth changing?  I think this practice is called "kiting".  So why are they doing this, is there any advantage to modifying your position between every attack?

I watch streams sometimes and i see the high elo Ranged AD move between each shot. Do they gain anything with this? And if so whats a good way to practice it.


Compute the taylor series of $\ln(1+x)$  I've first computed derivatives (up to  the 4th) of ln(1+x)  $f^{'}(x)$ = $\frac{1}{1+x}$  $f^{''}(x) = \frac{-1}{(1+x)^2}$ $f^{'''}(x) = \frac{2}{(1+x)^3}$ $f^{''''}(x) = \frac{-6}{(1+x)^4}$ Therefore the series: $\ln(1+x) = f(a) + \frac{1}{1+a}\frac{x-a}{1!} - \frac{1}{(1+a)^2}\frac{(x-a)^2}{2!} +  \frac{2}{(1+a)^3}\frac{(x-a)^3}{3!} -  \frac{6}{(1+a)^4}\frac{(x-a)^4}{4!} + ...$  But this doesn't seem to be correct. Can anyone please explain why this doesn't work?  The supposed correct answer is:  As $\ln(1+x) = \int (\frac{1}{1+x})dx$ $\ln(1+x) = \Sigma_{k=0}^{\infty} \int (-x)^k dx$


I just upgraded to Ubuntu 14.04 and I have been trying to fix an error somewhere in the install process. No matter how I install (software center, Terminal) it displays an error message close to this:  installAr  chives() failed: Selecting previously unselected package libept1.4.12:amd64. (Reading database ...  (Reading database ... 5% (Reading database ... 10% (Reading database ... 15% (Reading database ... 20% (Reading database ... 25% (Reading database ... 30% (Reading database ... 35% (Reading database ... 40% (Reading database ... 45% (Reading database ... 50% (Reading database ... 55% (Reading database ... 60% (Reading database ... 65% (Reading database ... 70% (Reading database ... 75% (Reading database ... 80% (Reading database ... 85% (Reading database ... 90% (Reading database ... 95% (Reading database ... 100% (Reading database ... 242784 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libept1.4.12_1.0.12_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libept1.4.12:amd64 (1.0.12) ... Selecting previously unselected package sgml-data. Preparing to unpack .../sgml-data_2.0.9-1_all.deb ... Unpacking sgml-data (2.0.9-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package docbook-xml. Preparing to unpack .../docbook-xml_4.5-7.2_all.deb ... Unpacking docbook-xml (4.5-7.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package librarian0. Preparing to unpack .../librarian0_0.8.1-5ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking librarian0 (0.8.1-5ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package rarian-compat. Preparing to unpack .../rarian-compat_0.8.1-5ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking rarian-compat (0.8.1-5ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package synaptic. Preparing to unpack .../synaptic_0.81.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking synaptic (0.81.1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.26+nmu4ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.5) ... Scrollkeeper was installed, forcing re-registration of all documents. Unregistering 33 doc-base files, re-registering 33 doc-base files... Registering documents with scrollkeeper... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.1+14.04.20140409-0ubuntu1) ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.10.1-0ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.54ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.13-1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ... Setting up xserver-common-lts-raring (3:5) ... Removing 'diversion of /usr/lib/xorg/protocol.txt to /usr/lib/xorg/protocol-precise.txt by xserver-common-lts-raring' dpkg-divert: error: rename involves overwriting `/usr/lib/xorg/protocol.txt' with   different file `/usr/lib/xorg/protocol-precise.txt', not allowed dpkg: error processing package xserver-common-lts-raring (--configure):  subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Setting up libept1.4.12:amd64 (1.0.12) ... Setting up sgml-data (2.0.9-1) ... Setting up librarian0 (0.8.1-5ubuntu1) ... Setting up synaptic (0.81.1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.26+nmu4ubuntu1) ... Setting up docbook-xml (4.5-7.2) ... Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.26+nmu4ubuntu1) ... Setting up rarian-compat (0.8.1-5ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6) ... Error in function:  Setting up xserver-common-lts-raring (3:5) ... Removing 'diversion of /usr/lib/xorg/protocol.txt to /usr/lib/xorg/protocol-precise.txt by xserver-common-lts-raring' dpkg-divert: error: rename involves overwriting `/usr/lib/xorg/protocol.txt' with   different file `/usr/lib/xorg/protocol-precise.txt', not allowed dpkg: error processing package xserver-common-lts-raring (--configure):  subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2   In Software Center it displays that "Package Operation Failed"  It does install the programs I want, but I would really like to get rid of the error message.  Thanks!

I just installed Ubuntu (12.04.4) and I upgraded to 13.10  I have no idea how to fix this :/  $ sudo apt-get install -f  Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED:   xserver-common-lts-saucy 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 2 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 1,718 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 175174 files and directories currently installed.) Removing xserver-common-lts-saucy ... Removing 'diversion of /usr/lib/xorg/protocol.txt to /usr/lib/xorg/protocol-precise.txt by xserver-common-lts-saucy' dpkg-divert: error: rename involves overwriting `/usr/lib/xorg/protocol.txt' with   different file `/usr/lib/xorg/protocol-precise.txt', not allowed dpkg: error processing xserver-common-lts-saucy (--remove):  subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 2 Errors were encountered while processing:  xserver-common-lts-saucy E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


I am running Xubuntu 15.04, but maybe this question has a general solution for all Ubuntu flavours.   I usually leave long computations running in a terminal window, which may take from a couple of minutes, to hours, or days. It would be nice if I could be alerted somehow when a terminal finishes executing a command. This should only be necessary for terminals which are minimized.   Is there a way to set up something like this? Ideally, the terminal window could flash, or maybe a notification show up.

I'd like to have a desktop notification whenever a command that has run for more than, say 15 seconds, finishes in an interactive shell.  In other words, I would like all commands to be wrapped in something like this  start=$(date +%s); ORIGINAL_COMMAND; [ $(($(date +%s) - start)) -le 15 ] || notify-send "Long running command finished"   What's the best way to accomplish this in bash?


How do I report a bug on Launchpad when I don't know which package it affects? I tried just reporting it directly to "Ubuntu", but "Report a Bug" on  just redirects to  rather than a form for filling out a bug.  In my particular case this is a bug with  in /etc/sysctl.conf. I have no clue in the world which package would have bugs for this configuration file.

Simple enough question: is there some shell command (or GUI method) I can use that, given the path to a file on my system, tells me what package put it there? Assuming the file did in fact come from a package, that is.  Bonus question: what if it's a file that isn't installed on my system? Is there, say, a website that will let me look up a file and see what packages, if any, provide it?


I don't understand why the value of foo is undefined in the following code:  var foo = 1;  function bar() {     if (false) {         var foo = 10;     }     alert("Foo is " + foo); }  bar();   Result : Foo is undefined.    Whereas these variations behave as expected.  var foo = 1;  function bar() {     if (true) {         var foo = 10;     }     alert("Foo is " + foo); }  bar();   Result :  Foo is 10  var foo = 1;  function bar() {     if (false) {        // var foo = 10;     }     alert("Foo is " + foo); }  bar();   Result: Foo is 1  Any help will be really appreciated.

What is the scope of variables in javascript? Do they have the same scope inside as opposed to outside a function? Or does it even matter? Also, where are the variables stored if they are defined globally?


I know that method with the private access can be tested using 1. reflection or 2. powermockito but how do you test default class with private methods and the parent class is abstract?  class AirSpaceBuilder extends SynchronizedSpace {      private Request request;     private Status status;  public AirSpaceBuilder (Log log, SpaceTable st, Collection locks, SpaceRequest request) {         super(log, st, locks, request.getAirSpace());         this.request = request; }     private Status recursiveSignal() { ... }  abstract class SynchronizedSpace {      private Collection sync;     private String requester;     private SpaceTable st;     private Log log; ... }   My first thought was to call it from the higher level but then it becomes integrated test and defeated the purpose of unit testing.  Edit:  Correct me if I am wrong but is this how you invoke the method?  Object airSpaceBuilder=Class.forName("com.airport.resource.AirSpaceBuilder").newInstance(); Method m = airSpaceBuilder.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("recursiveSignal"); m.setAccessible(true); m.invoke(allocationFunction);

How do I unit test (using xUnit) a class that has internal private methods, fields or nested classes? Or a function that is made private by having  (static in C/C++) or is in a private () namespace?  It seems bad to change the access modifier for a method or function just to be able to run a test.


So I have created code for a grid that looks like this :  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   Co-ordinates are accessed by calling my_grid.Grid[x_coordinate][y_coordinate], and new characters can be placed anywhere there (as shown by the 'X' with coordinates [1][1])  I want to be able to move this character in any direction using arrow key inputs, without using the 'Enter' key afterwards if possible.  What is the best way to do this?

Is there a way of reading one single character from the user input? For instance, they press one key at the terminal and it is returned (sort of like getch()). I know there's a function in Windows for it, but I'd like something that is cross-platform.


So I'm given a parameter in which the user chooses which row he wants me to print out, how do I print out the row that the user wants?  This is my 2D array:  Jewel[][] myGrid;   public Jewel[] getRow(int row) {       return null;   }

In Java, arrays don't override toString(), so if you try to print one directly, you get the className + '@' + the hex of the  of the array, as defined by Object.toString():  int[] intArray = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; System.out.println(intArray);     // prints something like '[I@3343c8b3'   But usually, we'd actually want something more like [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the simplest way of doing that? Here are some example inputs and outputs:  // Array of primitives: int[] intArray = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; //output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]  // Array of object references: String[] strArray = new String[] {"John", "Mary", "Bob"}; //output: [John, Mary, Bob]


I'm a psychology major and I would love to barter for a shrunken head if I could still come back with my own.

This was one of our definition questions, but also one that interests me personally: How can I find a guide that will take me safely through the Amazon jungle? I'd love to explore the Amazon but would not attempt it without a guide, at least not the first time. I'd prefer a guide who wasn't going to ambush me or anything. I don't want to go anywhere "touristy".  Start and end points are open, but the trip should take me places where I am not likely to see other travelers/tourists and where I will definitely require a good guide in order to be safe.


I have a layman's question:  $e^{i\pi} = -1$ ... euler's identity  and $e^{i\tau}$ = 1 where $\tau = 2\pi$  so if I assume that $e^x=y$ implies $ln(y)=x$, which it should, then  $ln(1) = i\tau$  but  $ln(1) = 0 \ne i\tau$  What am I doing wrong?

What's wrong with this : $$e^{i\pi} = -1$$ $$\therefore e^{2i\pi} = 1$$ $$\therefore \log \left( e^{2i\pi} \right ) = \log(1) = 0$$ $$\therefore 2i\pi = 0$$


What font is this? And what package do I need to add in order to use it?

Is it possible to identify the font used in a specific document/picture?  Answers to this question should identify:   Possible methods to do this (perhaps one answer per method) and adequately describe how to use it (as opposed to merely stating it); Ways of finding the identified fonts, if possible (free or not); and Any prerequisites associated with the method used, if required (for example, "In order to use method X, your document has to be in format Y").   This question is meant as an FAQ, based on an . Its aim is to facilitate the community with the general procedures involved in font identification. Similar cases are solved on a per-usage basis on 's  tag.


For an odd prime, prove that a primitive root of $p^2$ is also a primitive root of $p^n$ for $n>1$.     I have proved the other way round that any primitive root of $p^n$ is also a primitive root of $p$ but I have not been able to solve this one. I have tried the usual things that is I have assumed the contrary that there does not exist the primitive root following the above condition and then proceeded but couldn't solve it. Please help.

I saw this theorem referenced in a paper on performing shuffles in an array. There is a proof on pages 20-21 of the , but the proof is very terse and omits a lot of intuition.  Is there an intuitive explanation for why this theorem is true, or at least a proof that omits fewer details?


I am told I am missing the dependency: libcublas-dev . I am suggested to use sudo apt --fix-broken install. However, when I run this I receive an error about the paste subprocess being killed by signal (Broken pipe).  I have also tried directly installing the dependency and also receive a broken pipe error.  Here is the output I receive. I have read some similar topics about overwriting a .deb file but did not have any luck with them.  ~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:   fonts-liberation2 fonts-opensymbol gir1.2-geocodeglib-1.0   gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0   gir1.2-udisks-2.0 grilo-plugins-0.3-base gstreamer1.0-gtk3 libatomic1:i386   libboost-date-time1.65.1 libboost-filesystem1.65.1 libboost-iostreams1.65.1   libboost-locale1.65.1 libbsd0:i386 libcdr-0.1-1 libclucene-contribs1v5   libclucene-core1v5 libcmis-0.5-5v5 libcolamd2 libdazzle-1.0-0   libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386   libdrm-radeon1:i386 libdrm2:i386 libe-book-0.1-1 libedataserverui-1.2-2   libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libeot0 libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1   libevent-2.1-6 libexiv2-14 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libfreerdp-client2-2   libfreerdp2-2 libgc1c2 libgee-0.8-2 libgexiv2-2 libgl1:i386   libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libglapi-mesa:i386 libglvnd0:i386 libglx-mesa0:i386   libglx0:i386 libgom-1.0-0 libgpgmepp6 libgpod-common libgpod4   liblangtag-common liblangtag1 liblirc-client0 libllvm9:i386 liblua5.3-0   libmediaart-2.0-0 libmspub-0.1-1 libnvidia-common-430 libnvidia-common-435   libodfgen-0.1-1 libpciaccess0:i386 libqqwing2v5 libraw16 librevenge-0.0-0   libsensors4:i386 libsgutils2-2 libssh-4 libstdc++6:i386   libsuitesparseconfig5 libvncclient1 libwinpr2-2 libx11-6:i386   libx11-xcb1:i386 libxapian30 libxau6:i386 libxcb-dri2-0:i386   libxcb-dri3-0:i386 libxcb-glx0:i386 libxcb-present0:i386 libxcb-sync1:i386   libxcb1:i386 libxdamage1:i386 libxdmcp6:i386 libxext6:i386 libxfixes3:i386   libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss libxshmfence1:i386 libxxf86vm1:i386   linux-headers-4.15.0-74 linux-headers-4.15.0-74-generic   linux-headers-5.0.0-23 linux-headers-5.0.0-23-generic   linux-image-4.15.0-74-generic linux-image-5.0.0-23-generic   linux-modules-4.15.0-74-generic linux-modules-5.0.0-23-generic   linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-74-generic linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-23-generic   lp-solve media-player-info python3-mako python3-markupsafe syslinux   syslinux-common syslinux-legacy usb-creator-common Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following additional packages will be installed:   libcublas-dev The following NEW packages will be installed:   libcublas-dev 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 150 not upgraded. 7 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/42.3 MB of archives. After this operation, 114 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 288268 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcublas-dev (10.2.2.89-1) ... dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):  trying to overwrite '/usr/include/nvblas.h', which is also in package nvidia-cuda-dev 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Errors were encountered while processing:  /var/cache/apt/archives/libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)   Ubuntu 18.04

When trying to update I get an error message   E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem.    But when I try to run this command the screen goes completely black and nothing happens.  From what I can tell it is trying to install Linux headers when this happens.  This is a fresh install of less than a week old. At this time I can not install anything new or update anything. How do I solve this issue?  Log File:  12:50:16 systemd-journal: Journal stopped 12:50:16 kernel: Sending SIGTERM to remaining processes... 12:50:16 kernel: Syncing filesystems and block devices. 12:50:16 kernel: printk: systemd-shutdow: 78 output lines suppressed due to ratelimiting 12:50:16 systemd: Shutting down. 12:50:15 NetworkManager: <info>  [1565373015.4510] exiting (success) 12:50:15 systemd: Stopped Raise network interfaces. 12:50:15 NetworkManager: <info>  [1565373015.4124] caught SIGTERM, shutting down normally. 12:50:15 systemd: Stopping Network Manager... 12:50:15 pulseaudio: E: [alsa-sink-HDMI 1] alsa-sink.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,1: No such file or directory 12:50:15 systemd: Stopped D-Bus User Message Bus. 12:50:15 systemd-logind: Removed session 2. 12:50:15 systemd: Stopping D-Bus User Message Bus... 12:50:15 gdm-x-session: (II) Server terminated successfully (0). Closing log file. 12:50:14 systemd: Stopped ACPI event daemon. 12:50:14 (sd-pam): pam_unix(systemd-user:session): session closed for user gdm 12:50:14 systemd: gdm.service: Succeeded. 12:50:14 gdm3: Child process -1517 was already dead. 12:50:14 systemd: Started Exit the Session. 12:50:14 gdm3: Child process -1517 was already dead. 12:50:14 systemd: systemd-exit.service: Succeeded. 12:50:14 gdm-x-session: (II) systemd-logind: releasing fd for 13:65 12:50:14 systemd: Stopped sandboxed app permission store. 12:50:14 systemd-logind: Removed session c2. 12:50:14 gdm-x-session: (II) systemd-logind: releasing fd for 13:64 12:50:14 systemd: Stopping User Manager for UID 123... 12:50:14 gdm-x-session: (II) Server terminated successfully (0). Closing log file. 12:50:13 gdm3: Freeing conversation 'gdm-launch-environment' with active job 12:50:13 systemd: Stopped Network Manager Wait Online. 12:50:13 dbus-daemon: [system] Activation via systemd failed for unit 'accounts-daemon.service': Refusing activation, D-Bus is shutting down. 12:50:13 systemd: Stopped target Network is Online. 12:50:13 gdm3: Tried to look up non-existent conversation gdm-launch-environment 12:50:13 gdm-x-session: (II) systemd-logind: releasing fd for 13:68 12:50:13 avahi-daemon: avahi-daemon 0.7 exiting. 12:50:13 dbus-daemon: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.freedesktop.Accounts' unit='accounts-daemon.service' requested by ':1.478' (uid=0 pid=3680 comm="gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-launch-environment] " label="unconfined") 12:50:13 systemd: Stopped CUPS Scheduler. 12:50:13 gdm3: Failed to list cached users: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name :1.7 was not provided by any .service files 12:50:13 systemd: Stopped PackageKit Daemon. 12:50:13 udisksd: udisks daemon version 2.8.2 exiting 12:50:13 systemd: Stopped Accounts Service. 12:50:13 apport:    ...done. 12:50:13 systemd: Stopped LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB. 12:50:13 dbus-daemon: [session uid=1000 pid=3647] AppArmor D-Bus mediation is enabled 12:50:13 systemd: Stopping Authorization Manager... 12:50:13 avahi-daemon: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface lo.IPv4 with address 127.0.0.1. 12:50:13 systemd: Stopped target Host and Network Name Lookups. 12:50:13 avahi-daemon: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface enp7s0.IPv4 with address 192.58.0.150. 12:50:13 systemd-logind: Session c2 logged out. Waiting for processes to exit. 12:50:13 systemd: Stopping CUPS Scheduler... 12:50:13 avahi-daemon: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface enp7s0.IPv6 with address fe80::fd7:6a47:d5ba:6c3c. 12:50:13 systemd-logind: Session 2 logged out. Waiting for processes to exit.


I wonder if anyone had come across this problem before and come up with a neat solution.   Imagine you have a parent object and a child object. In this scenario you should always have at least one child record but potentially many. How do you enforce the creation of the first child?

The standard object Account has a master-detail relationship with a child object called Address__c. In the Address__c object we store the various addresses an account might have.   My question is as following:  Can you make the creation of an address mandatory when an account is created by the user in the UI?  Thank you


How to prove that $\sum\ln(n\sin\frac{1}{n})$ converges rigorously?  The idea is to expand $\sin(t)$ and $\ln(1+t)$. But I'm not sure how to do it rigorously. We have $n\sin(1/n)=n(1/n+O(1/n^3))=1+nO(1/n^3)$ as $n\to \infty$. Then I need to substitute it into $\ln (1+t)=t-t^2/2+O(t^3)$. (Or should I use the little o in one of both cases?) This involves taking powers of $nO(1/n^3)$ (or of the little o) and multiplying it by functions, and I'm not very familiar how the o's behave under such operations (and not aware of any source to find that out). So how to do the prove in a rigorous way?

I must determine whether the following series converges: $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\ln\left(n\sin\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)\right)$$  I know that in general, I must use the limit comparison test, but I cannot find an expression to which I can compare it. For instance, I have tried the usual process:  For $n$ large, we have that $\lim_{n\to \infty}n\sin\frac1n=1$, and so, $\ln(1)=0$. This fails the divergence test, but it cannot be concluded automatically that the series is convergent either. How may I proceed here? Any help would be appreciated.


Using Newton's third law, we can say that each team applies the same force on the opposite team. Then how one wins?  Is it due to ground friction?

Given Newton's third law, why is there motion at all? Should not all forces even themselves out, so nothing moves at all? When I push a table using my finger, the table applies the same force onto my finger like my finger does on the table just with an opposing direction, nothing happens except that I feel the opposing force. But why can I push a box on a table by applying force ($F=ma$) on one side, obviously outbalancing the force the box has on my finger and at the same time outbalancing the friction the box has on the table? I obviously have the greater mass and acceleration as for example the matchbox on the table and thusly I can move it, but shouldn't the third law prevent that from even happening? Shouldn't the matchbox just accommodate to said force and applying the same force to me in opposing direction?


I just installed 20.04 on a early 2015 MacBook Air. There were no installation hitches. The Dual Boot works great, so does WiFi. EVERYTHING works but the camera. Neither cheese nor Google meet can find it. After 1/2 day of researching the web it's my conclusion that the camera isn't yet 100% supported. Here comes my question: Is there a known good driver and installation process for the camera? Model ID: Apple Camera VendorID_0x106B ProductID_0x1570 Unique ID:    CC25102V5ZXGDV42U It's no big deal if a known driver and installation process doesn't exist. I can always boot up in Yosemite (ugh!) for my Google Meetings. Many thanks everyone!

I have recently installed Ubuntu 16.04 on a Macbook Pro, everything works fine except the camera does not work/ is not found. Both Google Hangouts and the Cheese application say "no device found".  Anything I can install to get it working?


Under Acquisition --> Overview, a graph appears around middle of the screen titled "sessions". It is actually showing the total number of users over a particular time period, I'd like it to show the number of sessions and not users on the blue graph.   Before it showed the number of sessions but changed, now it shows users. I want it back to sessions.   How do I change it?

Under Acquisition --> Overview, a graph appears around middle of the screen titled "sessions".  It is actually showing the total number of users over a particular time period, I'd like it to show the number of sessions and not users on the blue graph.     How do I change it?


I want to run a command "chmod -R 777 foldername" every time when apache restarts on my linux server.  How can I do that?  I have Linux CentOs 7.1 64 bit installed on my server with VestaCp.

I have a complex web application that contains a lot of dynamic Aliases. I created a shellscript that updates the .conf file(s) with these aliases. Is it possible to call this shellscript from within the Apache conf? So something like:  RunScript /etc/myapp/updateconf.sh Include /etc/myapp/*.conf   Or alternatively, is there a good way to add this script as a hook to the /etc/init.d/apache2 or /etc/init.d/httpd script? I am looking for a solution that works on both CentOS and Ubuntu. If I am totally approaching this the wrong way, any other suggestions are welcome as well.


I'm working on a python application that can print text in multiple languages to the console in multiple platforms. The program works well on all UNIX platforms, but in windows there are errors printing unicode strings in command-line.  There's already a relevant thread regarding this: (  ) but I couldn't find my specific answer there.  For example, for the following Asian text, in Linux, I can run:  >>> print u"\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6216".encode("utf-8") 引起的或   But in windows I get:  >>> print u"\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6216".encode("utf-8") σ╝ץΦ╡╖τתהµטצ   I succeeded displaying the correct text with a message box when doing something like that:  >>> file("bla.vbs", "w").write(u'MsgBox "\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6216", 4, "MyTitle"'.encode("utf-16")) >>> os.system("cscript //U //NoLogo bla.vbs")   But, I want to be able to do it in windows console, and preferably - without requiring too much configuration outside my python code (because my application will be distributed to many hosts).  Is this possible?  Edit: If it's not possible - I would be happy to accept some other suggestions of writing a console application in windows that displays unicode, e.g. a python implementation of an alternative windows console

When I try to print a Unicode string in a Windows console, I get an error . UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character .... I assume this is because the Windows console does not accept Unicode-only characters. What's the best way around this? Is there any way I can make Python automatically print a ? instead of failing in this situation? Edit:  I'm using Python 2.5.  Note: @LasseV.Karlsen answer with the checkmark is sort of outdated (from 2008). Please use the solutions/answers/suggestions below with care!!  is more relevant as of today (6 Jan 2016).


I was trying to install a downloaded APK onto my Pixel 3.  During the initial install attempt I was presented with a screen that looked approximately like this one (without the added emphasis on the correct 'Install anyway' option):    I took one quick glance of this screen before concluding "big green button, that must be what I want here!".  Which was a substantial error, because the big, green button in fact denies the app install.  Oops.  And now what's happening is when I go back to the APK and try the install process again, I'm no longer prompted about whether or not I want to 'Install anyway'.  Instead it just goes straight to the "App not installed" screen.  The one with the gray triangle on it.  How do I get the device to forget that I denied installation to this APK, so that I can successfully install it?

I was just wondering, when installing an APK from an unknown source and you click OK to allow Play Protect to block it, is there a way of installing that app without fully disabling Play Protect?  When trying to install the same app after allowing the block, it shows App not installed.


I'm using Ubuntu 16.04 server (headless) and I need to migrate all applications and data to Lubuntu (it's a customer's requirement). I have a lot of Ubuntu applications installed and managed (databases (PostgreSQL), development tools (1C) and lots of configured first party stuff (apache, samba) for this version of Ubuntu.   Will all of them work as fine in Lubuntu as in Ubuntu after migration?

I have a slower computer that I would like to use the Lubuntu desktop environment with. However, I do not want to install any of the software that is not related to the desktop environment. I am talking about programs like Abiword and Lubuntu Software Center. How do install the desktop environment and the desktop environment ONLY?  Also, if someone could point me in the right direction for research, when I use multiple desktop environments, I notice that certain elements of one desktop environment (e.g. scrollbars, color schemes, program themes) are present no matter which desktop environment I log into. Is there a fix for this?


I have a gameObject (camera) which is moving on the spline. I want to set it orientation towards it movement. Means, object should need to see where it is moving. I some thing tried this but this is not looking rightly! any advice?   transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(transform.position);   I have also tried this   transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(transform.forward);

As picture depicted my camera moving on path i want to lookAt bath different object smoothly. Currently have tried  trasnform.LooAt(activePath.gameObject.transform);   but it producing jerky result. object suddenly lookAt to next object how to avoid it. I searched and found this sloution but it also not working  var targetRotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(activePath.gameObject.transform.position - transform.position);         transform.rotation = Quaternion.Slerp(transform.rotation, targetRotation, Time.deltaTime);


We only consider Borel sets on $\mathbb R$. As we know, the Borel $\sigma$-algebra is constructed transfinitely as follows:   Let $B_0=\mathcal T$ be the set of open sets on $\mathbb R$; If $\alpha$ is a limit ordinal, $B_\alpha=\bigcup_{\beta<\alpha}B_\beta$; Otherwise, let $\beta=\alpha-1$, and $B_\alpha=(B_\beta)_{\delta\sigma}$, where $A_\delta$ denotes the collection of countable intersections of sets in $A$, and $A_{\delta\sigma}$ denotes the collection of countable unions of sets in $A_\delta$; Let $\mathcal B=B_{\omega_1}$ where $\omega_1$ is the smallest uncountable ordinal, then $\mathcal B$ is the Borel $\sigma$-algebra.   However, I wonder whether $\omega_1$ is the smallest ordinal $\alpha$ such that $B_\alpha=\mathcal B$, i.e. the minimal step to finish the process. As we know, $((0,1)\cap\mathbb Q)\cup([2,3]\setminus\mathbb Q)$ is a Borel set which is neither $F_\sigma$ nor $G_\delta$.  Any idea? Thanks!

I know that $\bigcup_{\alpha < \omega_1} \Sigma_\alpha^0 = \mathcal{B}(X)$ for any Polish space $X$, but I want to know if it's really necessary to take the union for every ordinal less than $\omega_1$. Is there an example of a Polish space where $\bigcup_{\alpha < \beta} \Sigma_\alpha^0 \varsubsetneq \mathcal{B}(X)$ for every countable ordinal $\beta$? What's the case of $\mathbb{R}$ or $[0, 1]$?  Many thanks in advance.


the definition of monomorphism as follows:  Suppose there is a very small category, which contains only two objects X and Y, where X and Y are both sets. There are only 3 morphisms in this category: idX, idY and f: X->Y. I think it should be legal to construct a category like this. From the set point of view, the mapping f form X to Y is not necessarily an injective. But from the perspective of category, since the morphism pointing to X is only idX, then f g1 = f g2 can lead to g1=g2. Because both g1 and g2 can only be idX. In other words, f is a monomorphism. Sorry for the very basic question. Is my understanding of the category accurate?

I started reading Algebra Chapter 0 on my own, and ran into the definition of a monomorphism for a category. My initial thought was that this was simply the same as the definition of injective. However, it seems at this point in the book, he has not defined injectivity for morphisms in general, only for functions between sets.  In the functions between sets case, monomorphisms are injective functions. However, in general it looks like monomorphisms are a weaker than injective morphism. Monomorphisms seems to be "left cancelable" whereas injectivity suggests there is another morphism that forces the morphism to be "left cancelable".  As I said, injective morphism has not been defined, but I would say the definition in my head is a morphism $f \in \text{Hom}_C(A, B)$ is injective if there exists $g \in \text{Hom}_C(B, A)$ such that $gf = 1_A$.  The definition of monomorphism given is $f \in \text{Hom}_C(A, B)$ is a monomorphism if for $\alpha', \alpha'' \in \text{Hom}_C(Z, A)$ we have $f\alpha' = f\alpha''$ implies $\alpha'= \alpha''$.  Clearly an injective morphism is a monomorphism, but the converse seems likely false. My counter example is a category with two objects $A, B$ with a single morphism $f \in \text{Hom}_C(A, B)$ (and of course the identity morphisms for $A$ and $B$). The composition rule will be easy since I can only compose $f$ with identity morphisms.  Now $f$ is clearly a monomorphism since the only thing $\alpha'$ and $\alpha''$ can be in the definition is $1_A$, thus necessarily the same. But $f$ is definitely not injective, as there is no morphism at all in $\text{Hom}_C(B, A).$  This counter example feels really contrived. Most the categories I know about seem to behave much like category of sets with functions as morphisms, i.e. monomorphisms are injective morphisms.  Is there an example of a category that we deal with all the time (even though we might not call it a category in polite company) where the monomorphisms are not necessarily injective?  Thanks! Any insights are appreciated.


Before you participate on Winter Bash the popup looks like this:    Is it ethically to name 2020 a great year despite global wide COVID-19 pandemic which took so many lives?

There's a bug on the :      invites you to celebrate the end of a great year …with HATS! As you use your site, you'll discover hats and other items hidden behind certain actions. Collect all of them, some of them, or none of them, but be quick – the hats get put back in their boxes on January 2nd!   (emphasis mine)  I know this is just copy-paste from 2018, but 2019 hasn't been a great year[citation not needed]. Please change this to something neutral like     celebrate the end of 2019   Yes, I realize for some users here 2019 may have been a great year for personal reasons, which are important. Usually way more important than what happens on the Internet; this may or may not be one of the exceptions. I'm happy for you, but this question refers to the general mood here.


i configured master and slave setup. but some times after restart the machines wired ip address changes. how to set a static ip step by step. please help me thank you.

I have configured network adapter of guest Ubuntu to work in a bridged mode so I could ssh to it from the host machine.   The problem is that the guest Ubuntu ip address keep changing.   Even though it changes  within a very short range 192.168.0.4-10 it is still takes time to configure Putty and other programs each time.  Is there a way to make the guest Ubuntu ip address to be static?  My guest OS has the full GUI.


I am trying to build an iterator with python but i should use a true iterator for example using yields. I am only a beginner in python so I would appreciate every help.  class Graph(object):         def __init__(self):             #structure for edges and vertices             self.__vertex_edge_map = {}          def add_vertex(self,vertex):             #add new vertex             if vertex not in self.__vertex_edge_map:                 self.__vertex_edge_map[vertex] = []          def add_edge(self,source,destination):             #add edge              self.add_vertex(source)             self.add_vertex(destination)             if destination not in self.__vertex_edge_map[source]:                 self.__vertex_edge_map[source].append(destination)   !!!Edit: Therefore this program shows an directed graph. The Iterator should enumerate all edges of the graph. The order of iteration is up to you.

What is the use of the yield keyword in Python? What does it do? For example, I'm trying to understand this code1: def _get_child_candidates(self, distance, min_dist, max_dist):     if self._leftchild and distance - max_dist < self._median:         yield self._leftchild     if self._rightchild and distance + max_dist >= self._median:         yield self._rightchild    And this is the caller: result, candidates = [], [self] while candidates:     node = candidates.pop()     distance = node._get_dist(obj)     if distance <= max_dist and distance >= min_dist:         result.extend(node._values)     candidates.extend(node._get_child_candidates(distance, min_dist, max_dist)) return result  What happens when the method _get_child_candidates is called? Is a list returned? A single element? Is it called again? When will subsequent calls stop?   1. This piece of code was written by Jochen Schulz (jrschulz), who made a great Python library for metric spaces. This is the link to the complete source: [Module mspace][1].


I always wonder if APT and APT-GET are both different repositories? Are they different repositories?

I read about the new fancy progress bar which was added to apt 1.0 in  and how to enable it . However on running sudo apt-get update, I did not see the fancy progress bars. On reading the second link again, the solution explicitly requires you to use sudo apt update.  Hence my question is the difference between apt and apt-get. I thought they were one and the same.


Let $(X_{n}), n= 1,...4$ independent real valued random variables. Are $(X_1,X_2)$ and $(X_3,X_4)$ independent? If so please prove why.

Is the claim that functions of independent random variables are themselves independent, true?   I have seen that result often used implicitly in some proofs, for example in the proof of independence between the sample mean and the sample variance of a normal distribution, but I have not been able to find justification for it. It seems that some authors take it as given but I am not certain that this is always the case.


Assume HMAC function is used to generate a 6-digt integers time-based onetime password. As follows:   $$K_h =\operatorname{HMAC}(k,t) = H((k\oplus\text{opad})\mathbin\| H((k\oplus\text{ipad})\mathbin\|t))$$  Then:  $$T=K_h \bmod 10^6$$ where $t$ is time, $k$ is a secret key, and $T$ is a one-time password.  Now assume that an attacker knows t and can observe unlimited number of one-time passwords. Is it possible for him to solve for the secret key ($k$)? References would be nice.

This is a follow up to   I am using a SHA-256 HMAC function on a single-word input: sha256hmac(privatekey,word) = output. The private key length is 128 bits, it does not change. The "word" is literally one short word.  Assuming an attacker knows "word" and "output" for multiple words (e.g., dog = "dsfwrw3r3r323211", cat = "3erwerwetwewer"):   Is it significantly easier for an attacker to identify the private key by brute force with the above word/output pairs, as compared to a situation where they do not have those pairs? Is this brute force vulnerability (with word/output pair knowledge) an actual security concern?


My notebook came with Windows 8 Pro. It never booted Windows, I erased it and installed Fedora on it.  I have to use a Windows system now, and I'd like to run the Windows 8 Pro inside Virtualbox on Fedora. Two things come to my mind:   Is it legally possible? I'm using the software on the same hardware, but Windows could complain finding other hardware because it is installed in VirtualBox. How should I activate the Windows licence, given that I have access to the right installation disk/iso/usb? I heard that since Win8, the key is in the UEFI/BIOS. I know I can read it plain text if needed. Could it fail?

I have recently purchased a Windows laptop with the intention of installing Linux on it.  My question is about the existing Windows installation (note that as an ultrabook, my shiny new computer does not have a CD drive, so I don't know what the recovery media is).    I would rather not dual boot, but will have occasional reasons to use Windows, so I see 2 options, both of which involve a VM:   Use a VM to point to the Windows partition . Install Linux as the only OS and then install Windows as a guest in e.g. VirtualBox.   I can see how to do #1 (and I can also see some of the potential problems that will come from multiple OSes reading the same partition).    About #2: if I completely wipe the HDD and install Linux only, can I use the Windows serial # to install a copy of Windows (8.1 to be specific) as a VM?  Or will I have some issue, even though it is a legitimate serial #?


I am trying to download urls saved in these text files PendingCases01.txt  PendingCases03.txt PendingCases02.txt  I tried for f in *.txt;do aria2c -i "$f" -d "$f";done  Error:Failed to make the directory PendingCases01.txt.  As its reading the name of first text file and creates same named folder including extension. How I can discard extension .txt while it creates new directory same name as text files the urls  I am downloading from.

As a Ubuntu beginner. I am trying to download links from multiple text files with wget2 in batch. The -P "$f" creates directory name with .txt suffix. Is it possible to ignore .txt for -P "$f". Any modification suggestions. for f in *.txt;do wget2 -i "$f" -P "$f";done


I made a storage room, but now I can't have my kid live in the house I built. Is there anyway I could change the storage room into a child's room?

I currently have Windstad Manor and built it all. Now I regret some choices and I'd like to rethink and rebuild it.  Is there any console way to "nuke" the manor and rebuild it from ground up?


Let us define a metric $d$ on the set of real numbers $\mathbb{R}$ as $d(x,y) =|\arctan(x) - \arctan(y)|$. It is routine that $(\mathbb{R},d)$ is a metric space. I also claim that it not a complete metric space. Let's consider the following sequence   $$(x_n) = (1,2,3,...).$$  The sequence is a Cauchy sequence, but it is not a convergent sequence. I want to prove this claim formally.  Can you help me to write the proof formally?

I have to show that the real numbers equipped with the metric $ d (x,y) = | \arctan(x) - \arctan(y)| $ is an incomplete metric space.  Certainly, I have to search for a Cauchy sequence of real numbers with respect to given metric that must not be convergent. But I am unable to figure out that.  Can anybody help me with this.   Thanks for helping me.


I'm seeing a gap at the bottom of my windows in full screen mode.  This happened after running,dist upgrade.  I have tried the following:  I changed download server from ubuntu.mirror.ac.ke to main server followed by  apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade   This hasn't resolve the issue

I have two questions :  First, I wanted to hide Ubuntu’s side-bar, so I set the settings in appearance to 'autohide'. The side bar did indeed disappear but when I roll over the left side, the side bar don't appear again. So, I am using a virtual box. Can it explain the fact that this bar doesn't show again when it is set to autohide.   Second, assuming I wouldn't be able to come over the problem, I pined to the dock every element of the sidebar, except the dash home. Is it possible either to pin it in the dock or to launch it from the terminal ?


class A<B> {             ...         }          Class<A<B>> a = Class.forName(A.class.getTypeName()) throws error    a.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class).newInstance("hello world")  what should I do to make an Instance for this class? I want to know how I can make class Name with generic type this example does not work other example public class SimpleTest {      interface TakePhoto<B> {         TakePhoto<B> clickShutter();          B done();     }      public @interface Specific {         String value();     }      @Specific("GALAXY-S5")     static class GalaxyS5TakePhoto<B> implements TakePhoto<B>{                  B backPage;          GalaxyS5TakePhoto(B backPage){             this.backPage = backPage;         }          @Override         public TakePhoto<B> clickShutter() {             //...             return this;         }          @Override         public B done() {             return backPage;         }     }      @Test     public void Test() {         // if a Device is Galaxy S5, I want to make GalaxyS5TakePhoto          // if the device is other I will have other class models and make its instance          // I have package of these classes and want to make right instance.                   // first collect specific classes which have TakePhoto         // then find and filter specific model         // then create new Instance      } }  I just want to make class with Generic type first collect specific classes which have TakePhoto then find and filter specific model then create new Instance

Is it possible to create an instance of a generic type in Java? I'm thinking based on what I've seen that the answer is no (due to type erasure), but I'd be interested if anyone can see something I'm missing:  class SomeContainer<E> {     E createContents()     {         return what???     } }   EDIT: It turns out that  could be used to resolve my issue, but it requires a lot of reflection-based code, as some of the answers below have indicated.  I'll leave this open for a little while to see if anyone comes up with anything dramatically different than Ian Robertson's .


I am trying to copy video (mp4) files from the solid state drive of my MacBook Pro to both a external hard disk as well as to a SanDisk USB thumb drive. It goes well up to abut 4.1 GB file size, but for larger files I get an error message "The item "Filename" cannot be copied. The operation couldn't be completed. File too large".   But the file I am trying to copy is only 4.5 GB, whereas there is about 25 GB free space on the USB thumb drive, and about 1 TB on the external hard disk. Does this possibly depend on the file transfer program? First I tried to use Forklift, and then simply Copy and Paste from one Finder window to another. But always the same error message. I checked if there is a limitation on the size of transferred files in Forklift, but did not find any. I would appreciate if someone could tell me where the bottleneck is.

I recently brought Western Digital's , and will be using with my MacBook (running Snow Leopard), MacBook Air (running Lion) and Windows 7 Desktop. I should be able to read-write data using each machine/OS.  Moreover, I need to store and move files larger than 4GB.  So, what should be preferred file-system type: FAT, exFAT or NTFS? Will my portable drive support exFAT?


I tried to run the below command in order to procede to install a program: $ . configure  but after few second the Ubuntu terminal close, without any message. What happened? Thanks for your time about my issue

I have one bash source run.sh as follows,  #!/bin/bash if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then     exit fi ...   when I execute it in two ways, there are different behaviors. The first way is,  source run.sh   It will close the terminal after execution. The second way is,  ./run.sh   this will simply finish running the script, and stay on the terminal. I am asking if there is a command for exiting a bash scripts for both source run.sh and ./run.sh execution. I have tried return too, which does not work well under ./run.sh execution.  More generally, I am interested in why this is happening, and what's difference between using "source" and "." for script execution?


java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition.setSingleton(Z)V     at org.springframework.aop.config.ConfigBeanDefinitionParser.createPointcutDefinition(ConfigBeanDefinitionParser.java:520)     at org.springframework.aop.config.ConfigBeanDefinitionParser.parsePointcutProperty(ConfigBeanDefinitionParser.java:493)     at org.springframework.aop.config.ConfigBeanDefinitionParser.parseAdvisor(ConfigBeanDefinitionParser.java:184)     at org.springframework.aop.config.ConfigBeanDefinitionParser.parse(ConfigBeanDefinitionParser.java:143)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport.parse(NamespaceHandlerSupport.java:74)     at org.springframework.ide.eclipse.beans.core.internal.model.namespaces.DelegatingNamespaceHandlerResolver$ElementTrackingNamespaceHandler.parse(DelegatingNamespaceHandlerResolver.java:192)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1410)     at org.springframework.ide.eclipse.beans.core.internal.model.BeansConfig$ErrorSuppressingBeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeansConfig.java:1434)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1400)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:172)     at org.springframework.ide.eclipse.beans.core.internal.model.BeansConfig$ToolingFriendlyBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.doRegisterBeanDefinitions(BeansConfig.java:1363)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:94)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:508)     at org.springframework.ide.eclipse.beans.core.internal.model.BeansConfig$2.registerBeanDefinitions(BeansConfig.java:410)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:392)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336)     at org.springframework.ide.eclipse.beans.core.internal.model.BeansConfig$2.loadBeanDefinitions(BeansConfig.java:394)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)     at org.springframework.ide.eclipse.beans.core.internal.model.BeansConfig$3.call(BeansConfig.java:453)     at org.springframework.ide.eclipse.beans.core.internal.model.BeansConfig$3.call(BeansConfig.java:1)     at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)     at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:514)     at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)     at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1135)     at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:635)     at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:844)

I'm getting a NoSuchMethodError error when running my Java program.  What's wrong and how do I fix it?


Imagine a container which contains a speaker and gas at normal pressure inside. Now imagine it moving at almost light speed (maybe c-100m/s) if the speaker makes a sound, causing particles to move at the speed of sound. Would the particles moving parallel to the container’s movement move faster than light?  or is there something im missing here?

Let's say I fire a bus through space at (almost) the speed of light in vacuum. If I'm inside the bus (sitting on the back seat) and I run up the aisle of the bus toward the front, does that mean I'm traveling faster than the speed of light? (Relative to Earth that I just took off from.)


Problem  Show that $$4 \mathbb{Z} / 8 \mathbb{Z} \simeq \mathbb{Z}_2$$  Can someone explain what the quotient group consists of in the most simple terms as humanly possible (freshman maths major here) and then explain to me how I'd go about showing that it is isomorphic to $ \mathbb{Z}_2$  I'm having  some real problems understand this concept.

Can someone explain simply what a quotient group is?  I've read a lot of convoluted and unnecessarily tough descriptions on it but it seems like a really simple idea.  Question Show that $$8 \mathbb{Z} / 56 \mathbb{Z} \simeq \mathbb{Z}_7$$  I'm sure this is a really easy question if I can just realize what a quotient group is. If you got an easy way to describe isomorphism, that would be great too!


The syntax to produce a Bézier curve in pgf is  \pgfpathcurveto{first control point}{second control point}{target}   This defines the curvature by control points. Considering the degrees of freedom the curve definition provides, it should also be possible to define the shape by stating two points on the curve.  TikZ provides this with the smooth parameter as shown in . But within \pgfdeclareshape, TikZ luxury is not available. While declaring a shape to cleanly surround the text box, a pure pgf solution is needed. This would greatly simplify it to surround the text box by a curve.     In the result, the text box is marked in gray. The surrounding shape should exactly pass through the corner points of these gray rectangles.     So, is there some command like this?   \pgfpathcurvethrough{first relay point}{second relay point}{target}

This question led to a new package:      I found Metapost best for drawing complex smooth curves (i.e., Bezier, splines), since you do not have to directly specify Bezier control points. Unfortunately, I need to use TikZ for my current project exclusively; drawing (closed) curves in TikZ is tedious and very time-consuming task. So I combined the "power" of Metapost with TikZ into the following workflow:   Draw closed curve in Metapost. Open the generated Postscript file in a text editor and manually extract control points. Paste extracted points into a TikZ figure and modify the PGF/TikZ expressions to draw curve.   Pasted below is a reproducible example to illustrate the described approach.  %% Construct curve in Metapost beginfig(1)   draw (0,0) .. (60,40) .. (40,90) .. (10,70) .. (30,50) .. cycle; endfig; end  %% Extract control points from postscript file newpath 0 0 moveto 5.18756 -26.8353 60.36073 -18.40036 60 40 curveto 59.87714 59.889 57.33896 81.64203 40 90 curveto 22.39987 98.48387 4.72404 84.46368 10 70 curveto 13.38637 60.7165 26.35591 59.1351 30 50 curveto 39.19409 26.95198 -4.10555 21.23804 0 0 curveto closepath stroke  %% Create Tikz figure in pdfLaTeX \documentclass{standalone} \usepackage{tikz} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.1]  \draw (0, 0) .. controls (5.18756, -26.8353) and (60.36073, -18.40036)    .. (60, 40) .. controls (59.87714, 59.889) and (57.33896, 81.64203)    .. (40, 90) .. controls (22.39987, 98.48387) and (4.72404, 84.46368)    .. (10, 70) .. controls (13.38637, 60.7165) and (26.35591, 59.1351)    .. (30, 50) .. controls (39.19409, 26.95198) and (-4.10555, 21.23804)    .. (0, 0);     \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}   This approach works if you have to draw a curve or two, but becomes tedious with more curves. I wonder if there is a simpler way which avoids manual copy-paste repetitions from file to file? Maybe the most elegant solution should be a simple C/C++/... program, but I cant't find the implementation of  used by Metapost to calculate Bezier control points. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.    Addition by Jake:  Here's a comparison of the path resulting from Hobby's algorithm (thick black line) and the \draw plot [smooth] algorithm (orange line). In my opinion, the result from Hobby's algorithm is clearly superior in this case.


Even when nothing's being modified, links are shown through spoilers when looking at the non-markdown output of a revision. This happens both when reviewing edits and when looking at the revision history like normal. And it looks weird.  Here's what it looks like when  (and nothing changed in the spoiler):    And  is an example of revision history where you can see this on one of my answers. Some of the spoiler blocks there were modified, so you can see what it looks like for comparison.

Similar to , links in spoilers aren't properly hidden on Revisions pages like .    Tested on the latest versions of Safari, Firefox and Chrome on macOS 10.13.3.


Sorry if this question is duplicate. But I can't find the difference in usage. When I run the below codes I am getting different answers. I see from most tutorials that using of "do ... end" is same as "{ ... }" blocks.  include Comparable  a = [1, 4, 2, 3, 5]  p a.sort do |x,y|     y <=> x end   output shows as = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]  but when I run like this...  include Comparable  a = [1, 4, 2, 3, 5]  p a.sort { |x,y|     y <=> x }   output shows as = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]  what was wrong here. is there any situations that two syntaxes has any different behaviour?

Which style is preferred? Is there a good reason for one vs. the other?  Thanks in advance!  1) cmds.each do |cmd|    end  2) cmds.each { |cmd|    }   Example code:  cmds = [ "create", "update", "list", "help" ]  # Block style one # cmds.each do |cmd|   puts "loop1, cmd: #{cmd}" end  # Block style two # cmds.each { |cmd|   puts "loop2, cmd: #{cmd}" }


I have the following configuration:   Google chrome at home Google chrome at work   I need to have the two chromes merged in one account, using differents users.  I want to be able to Sync my google account in others computers, and have the two users, work and home.  Anyone have some idea of what's the best way to achieve this?  Thanks!

For example I want to tag some of my browsers as "home browser"s and others as "work browser"s and I want:   my bookmarks to be synced with all browsers, my extensions to be synced only within browsers of the same type (home with home, work with work)


I am new in adobe illustrator and basically i'm learning from anything i can find on the internet.   The issue i am having is when I use calligraphic brush with width set to pressure.  It annoys me a lot when I try to draw a stroke where it curls up and two lines come too close to each other, some space between the lines is getting filled. How can i stop this?  I tried to turn the brush smoothness to as accurate as it goes but nothing changes.. I'm sorry if this is a noob questions, but any ideas?  I tried to draw an example in paint below, to be able to describe my issue. Any suggestion would be appreciated.  Thanks

When I do swirls in Illustrator with the paintbrush tool I often get this result (see image).    The loops doesn't get perfectly rounded, instead sometimes some of them gets thicker at the top of the loop... It tends to happen more if I paint small with low brush sizes. Why is this happening?


I have two files file1 & file2.  Contents of file1:  Text1 Text2 Text3   Contents of file2:  Sample1  Sample2 Sample3   I would like to replace the word Text1 from file1 with the contents of file2. I already tried the below commands:  sed -i 's/Text1/r file2/g' file1 sed -e 's/Text1/`cat file1`/' < file2   Neither of which worked, what am I missing?

I'm trying to take the contents of a file and insert it after a matching pattern in another file using sed. My question is very similar to , but I wish to insert the contents of a file inline rather than on a new line. How can I do this?  Using the example question I referenced, the first answer does exactly what I want; however, I want the insertion to happen inline:  sed '/First/r file1.txt' infile.txt    The actual data I want to insert is a JSON file:  [     {         "foo": "bar",          "baz": "biff",         "data": [             {                 "a": 1945619,                  "b": [                     {                         "c": 512665,                          "d": "futz"                     }                 ]             }         ]     } ]


I have this equation and I would like to have lower bound (v \in N_i(u)) exactly under the summation symbol and not to the right side of it. How to accomplish it?     This is my LaTex notation:

I'm very familiar with how symbols display differently in inline mode (with $ ... $) vs. how display math shows them (with \[ ... \] or $$ ... $$).  Two examples would be with limits  $\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}f(x)$   vs.  \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}f(x) \]   and with sums  $\sum_{n=1}^{x} n^2$   vs.  \[ \sum_{n=1}^{x} n^2 \]   My Question is:     How do you display these things in inline mode (with all the nice inline formatting) as if they were in display mode ?   The inverse -- how to display things in display mode as if they were in inline mode -- is also of interest.


I have a form sending data to a mySQL database. But when I enter some text like "Jack&Jones", the special characters get transformed into HTML special chars (here, the & becomes "&amp;").   The data inserted in this database can later be used to generate Word documents using a template, but these HTML characters are read wrong and the resulting file is completely messed up.  I tried to resolve the problem by ensuring all my pages used the <meta charset="UTF-8"> tag and by using header("Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8"); to ensure that the data keeps the UTF-8 encoding during the whole process, but it did not work.  So my question is: how do I ensure the encoding consistency between my form, my database and my word document ?

I'm setting up a new server and want to support UTF-8 fully in my web application. I have tried this in the past on existing servers and always seem to end up having to fall back to ISO-8859-1.  Where exactly do I need to set the encoding/charsets? I'm aware that I need to configure Apache, MySQL, and PHP to do this — is there some standard checklist I can follow, or perhaps troubleshoot where the mismatches occur?  This is for a new Linux server, running MySQL 5, PHP, 5 and Apache 2.


As may people know, string.Compare compares texts with numbers as "xx10yy" < "xx2yy", however, windows does it as "xx10yy" > "xx2yy".  The question is how to compare texts as windows does, if there's a function that does it.  Thanks in advance.  Edit :  The question was written in a lot of ways in a lot of questions, mine has been more strict in my opinion and since the answer I've provided is written by me I prefer answering to a question of my like.  Edit 2 :  Just for it not to be marked as a duplicate, since it isn't, at least not of one that I'm aware of.

Anyone have a good resource or provide a sample of a natural order sort in C# for an FileInfo array?  I am implementing the IComparer interface in my sorts.


Is there a tool that does the opposite of a dissolve?  I would like to break a shapefile into multiple files based on an attribute.

I have a polyline shapefile with about 20 kinds of roads. I would like to know how can I create automatically a vector file for each one. I am aware of how to do it using ArcGIS Desktop - see  How do I do it using QGIS or SAGA?


I'm traveling to India from the US, I've a F1 visa in the US and I'm an Indian national. My flight is through YYZ (Toronto Pearson International Airport), a layover more than an hour there.  Do I need to get a transit visa?

I'm passing through Canada, on my way to somewhere else. I'm staying only a short time.   Is there a website, or some other way of find out out if I need a visa?


How  much time should not elapse between  measurements of e- and e+ spin computed at a distance ot 1km to not detect effects of the entanglement? There should be a finite speed? Maybe greater than $c$?

The phenomenon of observing one entangled particle and noticing the other take on corresponding values... Does this take a finite speed at all or is it instantaneous?


Which sentence is correct?  During the storm, those in private homes suffered most or suffered the most.  Are both equally accepted as grammatical in English?

I would like others to explain this to me. Which one is correct?   What I like the most about my family is... What I like most about my family is...   Thank you!


I have 1TB hard disk. I have installed ubuntu on a 30GB partition and the rest is for Windows 8. I want to increase the ubuntu partition size to 100GB. How do I do this?

Previously, I have installed Windows 7 on my 320 GB laptop with three partitions 173, 84 and 63 GB each. The 63 GB partition was where the Windows was installed. The rest were for file containers.  Now I changed my OS to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. I installed Ubuntu by replacing the entire Windows 7 on the 63 GB partition. The rest of the partitions remain as an NTFS Windows partition and I can still access them both (the 173 and 84 GB partitions).  Now I want to change the two partitions of Windows into an Ubuntu format partitions plus most importantly, I want to extend the 63 GB partition to more than a 100 GB because at the moment I am running out of disk space. Whenever I try to install any application, especially using wine, it always complains for a shortage of disk space.  How do I do the extending activity before I entirely format my laptop again and lose all the important files on my partitions?


I bought Lenovo IdeaPad S10. Loved it.. But it got very slow over time. So, I decided to install Ubuntu netbook edition on it. So, I formatted it.. And after that, it is not letting me install any OS, let alone Ubuntu.  I have tried XP also. Ubuntu fails with Kernel error message and XP fails during installation saying that it is looking for some file that does not exist on the disk.  Not sure what is going on.. Any ideas, folks?

I want to install Win Xp on my Ideapad Z 570 laptop but i always get blue screen with message with some drive related problem which asks me to run CHKDSK command. I tried with that but no luck. Is there any way i can install Win Xp with SP 2 ?  Edit: i searched across the sites and came to know there could be some Compatibility problems, and i could fix it by setting HDD mode to IDE; will it solve the problem?


I want to install an apk programmatically on Android 7. As I searched I have to use provider for that, but the app keeps crashing. I will be thankful if anyone could tell me why. Android manifest: (inside application tag)         <provider             android:name=".GenericFileProvider"             android:authorities="com.hamed.demo"             android:exported="false"             android:grantUriPermissions="true">             <meta-data                 android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"                 android:resource="@xml/provider_paths"/>         </provider>  code to install: Intent install = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); install.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP); install.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); // the following line crashes Uri apkUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(AppsList.this, BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".provider", file); install.setDataAndType(apkUri, downloadManager[0].getMimeTypeForDownloadedFile(downloadId)); startActivity(install);  provider_path.xml in res/xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">     <external-path name="external_files" path="."/> </paths>  and my GenericFileProvider class is exatly form  But when it reaches the line I added comment on, app crashes and I face this error: E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main                   Process: com.hamed.demo, PID: 13090                   java.lang.RuntimeException: Error receiving broadcast Intent { act=android.intent.action.DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE flg=0x10000011 pkg=com.hamed.demo (has extras) } in com.hamed.demo.AppsList$6@ce55de9                       at android.app.LoadedApk$ReceiverDispatcher$Args.run(LoadedApk.java:1153)                       at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751)                       at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)                       at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:241)                       at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6274)                       at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)                       at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)                       at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)                    Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'android.content.res.XmlResourceParser android.content.pm.PackageItemInfo.loadXmlMetaData(android.content.pm.PackageManager, java.lang.String)' on a null object reference                       at android.support.v4.content.FileProvider.parsePathStrategy(FileProvider.java:584)                       at android.support.v4.content.FileProvider.getPathStrategy(FileProvider.java:558)                       at android.support.v4.content.FileProvider.getUriForFile(FileProvider.java:400)                       at com.hamed.demo.AppsList$6.onReceive(AppsList.java:217)                       at android.app.LoadedApk$ReceiverDispatcher$Args.run(LoadedApk.java:1143)                       at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751)                        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)                        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:241)                        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6274)                        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)                        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)                        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)   If that matters, the downloaded apk is located in downloads directory of internal storage of the device. Thanks

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


The following limit appeared in a qualification exam: Find the limit of $$\lim_{x \to 0} \left( \frac{\tan (\sin (x))-\sin (\tan (x))}{x^7} \right).$$ I ended up doing it in Mathematica, is there any other way?  Thanks in advance!

Find the limit $$\lim_{x\to 0^{+}}\dfrac{\sin{(\tan{x})}-\tan{(\sin{x})}}{x^7}$$  My attempt: Since $$\sin{x}=x-\dfrac{1}{3!}x^3+\dfrac{1}{5!}x^5-\dfrac{1}{7!}x^7+o(x^7)$$ $$\tan{x}=x+\dfrac{1}{3}x^3+\dfrac{2}{15}x^5+\dfrac{1}{63}x^7+o(x^3)$$ So $$\sin{(\tan{x})}=\tan{x}-\dfrac{1}{3!}(\tan{x})^3+\dfrac{1}{5!}(\tan{x})^5-\dfrac{1}{7!}(\tan{x})^7+o(x^7)$$ Though this method might solve, I think this problem has nicer methods. Thanks.


Continuing on my newbie dive into linear algebra I have this problem:  Suppose that $A = [a_{ij}]$ $m×n$ and $C = [c_{ij}]$ $n×m$ and $AC = I$ . Prove that the system Ax = b is consistent for every $b\in\mathbb{R}^{m}$

I'm just getting back into having to do linear algebra and I am having some trouble with some elementary questions, any help is much appreciated.  Suppose that $A = [a_{ij}]$ is an $m\times n$ matrix and $B = [b_{ij}]$ and is an $n\times m$ matrix and $BA = I$ the identity matrix that is $n \times n$.  Show that if for some $b \in \Bbb{R}^m$ the equation $Ax = b$ has a solution, then the solution is unique.


I am trying to give first letter capital in input field value. How to make first letter capital  after saving the record or before saving the record?

If i entered "name" in my text box while it saved it must be saved like "Name"   Capital letters in the first letter of Alphabet  It must not show any error messages it must directly save


I'm trying to setup a web folder on LAMP with Ubuntu 14.04 where :   Apache/PHP can read everything inside. (r-x for folders and r-- for files) Multiple users in a "devs" group can do anything inside. (rwx for folders and rw- for files) Newly created folders and files have the same properties as above.   I know there is  answer that looked pretty good at first, until i tried to access from the web and i got a 403 permission denied.    Should i use only one "dev" user that can modify the web folder ?  I could also use ACL ?  EDIT : Not a duplicate of  because it doesn't solve the problem for newly created files.  MY SOLUTION: Since i didn't found anything on the standard permission system that could do exactly what i wanted, i checked ACL.  What i did:   sudo apt-get install acl  You also may wanna mount your parition so it enables ACL sudo setfacl -Rm g:coders:rwx,g:www-data:r-x,o:--- webfolder sudo setfacl -Rm d:g:coders:rwx,d:g:www-data:r-x,d:o:--- webfolder

This is a  about File Permissions on a Linux web server.   I have a Linux web server running Apache2 that hosts several websites. Each website has its own folder in /var/www/.  /var/www/contoso.com/ /var/www/contoso.net/ /var/www/fabrikam.com/   The base directory /var/www/ is owned by root:root. Apache is running as www-data:www-data. The Fabrikam website is maintained by two developers, Alice and Bob. Both Contoso websites are maintained by one developer, Eve. All websites allow users to upload images. If a website is compromised, the impact should be as limited as possible.  I want to know the best way to set up permissions so that Apache can serve the content, the website is secure from attacks, and the developers can still make changes. One of the websites is structured like this:  /var/www/fabrikam.com     /cache     /modules     /styles     /uploads     /index.php   How should the permissions be set on these directories and files? I read somewhere that you should never use 777 permissions on a website, but I don't understand what problems that could cause. During busy periods, the website automatically caches some pages and stores the results in the cache folder. All of the content submitted by website visitors is saved to the uploads folder.


Excel macros are unsupported in Android and there is also no SpellNum function. I want a function which can convert a number to words. Also, I am unable to find any relevant ways of doing so in the Google Sheets Android app. Is there any way we can achieve this?

Excel Macros are unsupported in Android and there is also no SpellNum Function in Android . I want a function which can convert a number to words. Is there any way we can achieve this ? eg -  40004  , should be converted to Forty Thousand Four


I am trying to run a backup script on my ec2 amazon server (ubuntu 14.04), to automatically create a snapshot of amazon ebs volumes. Therefore I am using the aws-missing-tools script:   This my backup script, that triggers ec2-automate-backup-awscli.sh:  SHELL=/bin/bash PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin/aws HOME=/ JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/jre/ MAILTO=xxx.xxxxxx@me.com  AWS_ACCESS_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx AWS_SECRET_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx /opt/aws/ec2-automate-backup-awscli.sh -r us-east-1 -s tag -t 'Backup,Values=true' -k 31 -p   But i only get this error when scheduling this script with crontab:  26 23 * * * /opt/aws/backup.sh >> /var/log/aws.log 2>&1   Log file: "In order to use ec2-automate-backup-awscli.sh, the executable "aws" must be installed."  Directly executing "sh backup.sh" works fine. (snapshots are created.)  Any ideas?

This is a  about using cron & crontab.   You have been directed here because the community is fairly sure that the answer to your question can be found below. If your question is not answered below then the answers will help you gather information that will help the community help you. This information should be edited into your original question.  The answer for 'Why is my crontab not working, and how can I troubleshoot it?' can be seen below.  This addresses the cron system with the crontab highlighted.


What's the difference between nohup foocommand and nohup foocommand &?   I understand that & marks the task/job/process as running in the background but does that make it more resilient than it would otherwise be?   What happens in both scenarios if my SSH session timeouts or if I get disconnected?

First this question is related but definitely not the same as this very nice question:    I want to understand something: when I do '&', I'm forking right?  Is it ever useful to do "nohup ... &" or is simply & sufficient?  Could someone show a case where you'd be using '&' and still would want to use 'nohup'?


I have a 3rd person camera which can rotate around the player.  When I look at the back of the player and press forward, player goes forward. Then I rotate 360 around the player and "forward direction" is tilted for 90 degrees. So every 360 turn there is 90 degrees of direction change.  For example when camera is facing the right side of the player, when I press button to move forward, I want player to turn to the left and make that the "new forward".  I have Player object with Camera as child object. Camera object has Camera script. Inside Camera script there are Player and Camera classes. Player object itself, has Input Controller.  Also I'm making this script for joystick/ controller primarily.  My camera script so far:  using UnityEngine; using System.Collections;  public class CameraScript : MonoBehaviour {     public GameObject Target;     public float RotateSpeed = 10,     FollowDistance = 20,     FollowHeight = 10;     float RotateSpeedPerTime,     DesiredRotationAngle,     DesiredHeight,     CurrentRotationAngle,     CurrentHeight,     Yaw,     Pitch;     Quaternion CurrentRotation;      void LateUpdate()     {         RotateSpeedPerTime = RotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime;          DesiredRotationAngle = Target.transform.eulerAngles.y;         DesiredHeight = Target.transform.position.y + FollowHeight;         CurrentRotationAngle = transform.eulerAngles.y;         CurrentHeight = transform.position.y;          CurrentRotationAngle = Mathf.LerpAngle(CurrentRotationAngle, DesiredRotationAngle, 0);         CurrentHeight = Mathf.Lerp(CurrentHeight, DesiredHeight, 0);          CurrentRotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, CurrentRotationAngle, 0);         transform.position = Target.transform.position;         transform.position -= CurrentRotation * Vector3.forward * FollowDistance;         transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, CurrentHeight, transform.position.z);          Yaw = Input.GetAxis("Right Horizontal") * RotateSpeedPerTime;         Pitch = Input.GetAxis("Right Vertical") * RotateSpeedPerTime;         transform.Translate(new Vector3(Yaw, -Pitch, 0));         transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, transform.position.y, transform.position.z);          transform.LookAt(Target.transform);     } }   My player script:  using UnityEngine; using System.Collections;  public class PlayerScript : MonoBehaviour {     public float RotateSpeed = 10,     MoveSpeed = 10;     float DeltaTime;     public Transform cameraTransform;      void Update()     {         DeltaTime = Time.deltaTime;         transform.Rotate(0, Input.GetAxis("Right Horizontal") * RotateSpeed * DeltaTime, 0);     } }

I have a 3rd person camera which can rotate around the player. My problem is that wherever camera is facing, players forward is always the same direction.  For example when camera is facing the right side of the player, when I press button to move forward, I want player to turn to the left and make that the "new forward".  My camera script so far:  using UnityEngine; using System.Collections;  public class PlayerScript : MonoBehaviour {     public float RotateSpeed = 150,     MoveSpeed = 50;     float DeltaTime;      void Update()     {         DeltaTime = Time.deltaTime;         transform.Rotate(0, Input.GetAxis("LeftX") * RotateSpeed * DeltaTime, 0);         transform.Translate(0, 0, -Input.GetAxis("LeftY") * MoveSpeed * DeltaTime);     } }  public class CameraScript : MonoBehaviour {     public GameObject Target;     public float RotateSpeed = 170,     FollowDistance = 20,     FollowHeight = 10;     float RotateSpeedPerTime,     DesiredRotationAngle,     DesiredHeight,     CurrentRotationAngle,     CurrentHeight,     Yaw,     Pitch;     Quaternion CurrentRotation;      void LateUpdate()     {         RotateSpeedPerTime = RotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime;          DesiredRotationAngle = Target.transform.eulerAngles.y;         DesiredHeight = Target.transform.position.y + FollowHeight;         CurrentRotationAngle = transform.eulerAngles.y;         CurrentHeight = transform.position.y;          CurrentRotationAngle = Mathf.LerpAngle(CurrentRotationAngle, DesiredRotationAngle, 0);         CurrentHeight = Mathf.Lerp(CurrentHeight, DesiredHeight, 0);          CurrentRotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, CurrentRotationAngle, 0);         transform.position = Target.transform.position;         transform.position -= CurrentRotation * Vector3.forward * FollowDistance;         transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, CurrentHeight, transform.position.z);          Yaw = Input.GetAxis("Right Horizontal") * RotateSpeedPerTime;         Pitch = Input.GetAxis("Right Vertical") * RotateSpeedPerTime;         transform.Translate(new Vector3(Yaw, -Pitch, 0));         transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, transform.position.y, transform.position.z);          transform.LookAt(Target.transform);     } }


Steps to reproduce   Star any recent message Have the OP to edit it Star count remains, but now it appears as though you haven't starred it (star is black) Star it again for it to receive star state again, but the star count goes down (your original star was removed).

Steps to reproduce:   User A posts a message User B stars it, the star next to the post appears yellow User A edits the post The display of the star in User B's view becomes black, as if they haven't starred it   This is the worst bug ever in the history of StackExchange and makes the entire network completely unusable for me. I'm going to Yahoo! Answers until this is fixed.


I would like to use Ubuntu on a virtual machine so that I can run an open source engineering software called OpenFoam.   I need instructions for a layperson. I didn't know what a virtual machine was two days ago, I don't know what an image file is, etc. I'm used to downloading software and using it.   Every website I visit that claims that its instructions are for "dummies" provides instructions that I don't understand.   I thought I'd just click on the orange 64 bit button on the Ubuntu website for 13.10, that it would download and that I'd somehow install it on a virtual machine. That download looks like it would take 10+ hours.   Can anyone help me with lay-language?

I would like to know if anyone can help me with installing Ubuntu on VirtualBox


Find a family $\{ I_n \}$ of open nested intervals such that no two $I_n$ are equal and the intersection is equal to $\left[-2,2\right]$.

Find a family $\{I_n\}$ of closed nested intervals, such that no two $I_n$'s are equal and their intersection is $[-2,2]$.  An answer for the same question except for dealing with open nested intervals would also be appreciated.


I can't figure out why I'm getting a NPE where I've marked it below.  I've mocked the call to the private method getLastAcceptedVersion and the public call to queryDao.getStatus.  To add, I'm only learning about Java 8 lamdas at the moment, I guess this has something to do with where I'm going wrong.  public class myClass {  //members  public Optional<Object> getLastAccepted(Long id, Integer version) {     return Optional.ofNullable(getLastAcceptedVersion(id, version))             .map(v -> queryDao.getStatus(id, v));  ------ NULLPOINTEREXCEPTION    }  }   And my test case:  private MyClass myClass = PowerMockito.spy(new MyClass()); private QueryDao queryDao = mock(QueryDao.class); private Object obj = mock(Object.class);  @Test public void testGetLastAccepted() throws Exception{     PowerMockito.doReturn(1).when(myClass, "getLastAcceptedVersion" , anyLong(), anyInt());     when(queryDao.getRegulatoryReportingStatusbyTradeId(anyLong(), anyInt())).thenReturn(obj);     assertNotNull(myClass.getLastAccepted(anyLong(), anyInt())); }   Stacktrace:  java.lang.NullPointerException     at dao.MyClass.lambda$getLastAccepted$0(myClass .java:57)     at java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:215)     at dao.MyClass.getLastAccepted(myClass .java:57)

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


I'm trying to find a book I read ages ago; it was a space opera style sci-fi story about aliens contacting humans and then bringing them into a war against a hostile alien species. In this story however, humans were tougher than just about every alien species and crucially they had innate mental resistance to the hostile alien species mind control.  It's been a long while since I read it but; In the story the humans are considered special because Earth has a moon which means the humans are more powerful due to (effect I forget) at the very end of the battles (it may be a series, it's been easily 10 years or more since I read it) the hostile aliens surrender to the allied forces (including the humans) which throws everything up into the air. At that point the human sides start slowly breaking out into war against themselves on the other planets they've been allowed to settle on. Also part way in the stories (I think it was a series?) the hostile aliens have created a camp on a planet they control where humans are raised thinking they are actually aliens, not humans, in an effort to understand and control humans.

The series involves two groups of aliens who have been fighting an interstellar war for many years before the first book.  The war is started by a race of jellyfish-like telepaths who have used their powers to control several species which they use as soldiers.  The jellyfish aliens have declared a holy war against all sapient vertebrates.  The only species on their side that aren't being actively controlled through their telepathy are invertebrate species who have joined the holy war.  In this series, humans are immune to telepathy--what's more, a completely unconscious reflex tends to destroy the mind of anything even attempting to affect their minds.  One of the central themes of the series is how well suited humanity is to warfare, and all the sacrifices forced on humanity as they become nothing but soldiers fighting against the jellyfish, losing almost all culture not in some way related to being soldiers, as the other races in their alliance take over the other roles.  Other species I recall include a bird race that is gifted at linguistics but can be sent into shock by even seeing a low quality recording of a human walking around a room.  They just cannot handle the hide or flee reflexes triggered by seeing such an obvious predator.  Another race is a crab like group that is so antisocial they all keep suicide buttons at hand when working with other races, and only work to help the human alliance's side because the jellyfish won't leave them alone.  There is a race that bears a faint resemblance to large rats who were previously the best soldiers on their side, and another renowned for their intellect.


A friend of mine has recently purchased a laptop in the U.S. that has Windows 7 Home Premium on it with an English interface. Not being a native English speaker, I'm trying to change the interface language to traditional Chinese.  I've looked through the Control Panel in search of something that might let me change the interface language. Naturally, I looked at the Region and Language section and managed to change the formats the computer uses and install a working keyboard, but I haven't found a way to change the interface language.  Upon doing some research, I found out that there are two kinds of interface packs, Multilingual User Interface (MUI) and Language Interface Packs (LIP).   It seems that MUIs can only be installed through Windows Update, so I looked through the list of updates. To my dismay, the language packs are not present. The optional updates tab doesn't even show up. Many sites show a drop down menu the under Keyboards and Languages tab in the Region and Language options, yet it doesn't show up for me. We also don't have the Windows 7 DVD which might contain this useful file.  As far as the LIPs go, I can't find one in Chinese at all, let alone traditional Chinese.  Can the interface language be changed in Home Premium at all? If it can, how would I do so?

My neighbor just bought a Windows 7 laptop. He's from Mexico originally, and he wants to switch it over to use Spanish. Before I even helped him, he was able to switch it over to use a Spanish keyboard, date time format, etc. Internet Explorer defaults to the Spanish version of Google and Bing so it recognizes the system locale as Mexico.  What doesn't happen is the display language change to Spanish. All the menus are English, Start Menu entries are English, and all messages are English.  From what I can tell you have to have Windows 7 Ultimate or Enterprise to use a true multi-lingual interface. It would appear that those versions allow you to download new language packs through Windows Update. Unfortunately he has Windows 7 Home Premium on the laptop.  I saw some references to downloading a LIP(?) (language interface pack) in the Windows 7 help. I followed the links to Microsoft's language site, and it only listed downloads for Windows XP Tablet Edition.  From what I read Windows 7 works similarly to the way Windows Vista does, but I've never tried changing the display language on Windows Vista either.  Where can I legally get a Spanish language download for Windows 7? I found places where I could download a pirated copy of the full MUI for Windows 7, but I'm not willing to go that route.  Is my neighbor just out of luck? Does he need to buy a laptop in Mexico in order to get one he can use?


Often I find comments showing the commentator is quite knowledgeable and able to express concepts in a poignant way, and I would like to discover more comments by such a user (in a similar way one could do i.e. on Reddit, YCombinator, etc.).  Is it possible to search comments by commentator's userid on Stack Exchange?  If not, may I suggest it as a feature request?

Here's my problem: I know I've posted something on Stack Overflow about a particular topic.  I know how to search all my answers with a given keyword, and that feature works well.  But, if I don't find anything, I assume that it must have been a comment that I posted on the subject, and I'd like to be able to find it, and the question it belongs to.  I have read:  , , and  on Meta.  Basically, all the responses to those are about 3 years old, so it seems reasonable (to me) to ask this again ...  I've also tried just searching on Google with the keyword(s), my SO username (which I guess unfortunately is (a) not that unusual, and (b) a substring of other words, like unfortunately!), and site:stackoverflow.com, without much success.  Is there a Stack Exchange API or query that I could run to search my comments, using a keyword or keywords?  I did see one  in one of the questions linked to above indicating that the (2009) inability to do this was annoying him, too, so hopefully I'm not the only one who's tried to do this.


This doesn't seem to work:  \usepackage{textcomp} \newcommand{\TextTilde}{\raisebox{0.5ex}{\texttildelow}}  f(n) \not\TextTidle g(n)   It displays the slash before the tilde. Is there any way I can get it to appear over the tilde?  This is where I learned how to make a tilde:

I want to negate the symbol whose code is \models (this would be specific to Formal Logic). How can I do that? I tried a number of combination, but didn't find how this could be done. I tried \neqmodels, \nemodels, \notmodels, \nmodels  but all of them are wrong.  Is there a general way to negate symbols?