Good morning,I have a problem with my authentication password when to download applications from Internet or trying to update my applications. It seems I forget it. I need a help to get my password authentication or to edit it.

I'm working on a Ubuntu system, and my client has completely forgotten his administrative password. He doesn't even remember entering one; however it is there.  I've tried the suggestions on the website, and I have been unsuccessful in deleting the password so that I can download applets required for running some files. Is there a solution?


I am exporting my drawing from autocad into blender. The drawing is in 1:1. When i import the DXF into blender i get this cut off view of my drawing. How can i fix this?   Heres how this appears

I have created a simple model here   When rendering it the end of it is cut off   How can I get the camera to render a longer distance?


In the traditional 3+1 spacetime, Maxwell's equations také the following form:     $\nabla × \mathbf E = -\frac 1 c\frac {\partial \mathbf B} {\partial t}$   $\nabla \cdot \mathbf B=0$   $\nabla \cdot \mathbf E=\rho$   $\nabla × \mathbf B = \frac 1 c \mathbf j + \frac 1 c \frac {\partial \mathbf E} {\partial t}$     But to make the relativistic formulation, we use a vector potential $\mathbf A$ and a scaler potential $\phi$, such that $\mathbf B=\nabla × \mathbf A$ and $\mathbf E = -\frac 1 c \frac {\partial \mathbf A} {\partial t} - \nabla \phi$. We than combine these quantities into the four vector $A^\mu = (\phi, A^1, A^2, A^3)$ and the electromagnetic field strenght $F_{\mu \nu} = \partial_\mu A_\nu - \partial_\nu A_\mu$. It is then easy to see that $E_i=F^{0i}$. But what are the remaining components? In a 3+1 spacetime, there are 3 components left over, which makes for the (3D) magnetic field vector. But in 4+1, there are 6 components left, which doesn't fit into a 4-D vector, as it has only 4 components. What are then the remaining components? Or is magnetic field a tensor in 4+1D?

I read  a while ago, and while thinking about $\nabla$, I realized something. Since the cross product can be written as a determinant, in higher dimensions we require extra vector inputs. IIRC it's called the "wedge product" in higher dimensions.  Alright, how does this work when we generalize Maxwell to higher dimensions? Curl can be written (abuse of notation, yes) as a cross product with $\nabla$. But, to generalise it to higher dimensions, we need multiple inputs. We need something like $\nabla_4(\mathbf{B_1},\mathbf{B_2})$  in four dimensions, and so on. So we have two ways to get out of this: We can either use a different way to write curl in multiple dimensions (The  has stuff on this which I don't understand), or there are more than one $E$ and $B$ fields in higher dimensions.  So which is it? How are Maxwell's laws generalised to higher dimensions?  Just a note: I never understood the linked answer after the first sentence (didn't know enough), so if there's something obvious there that answers this question, I missed it. I know nothing of higher-dimensional analysis, so if complex notation is going to be unavoidable for the multiple dimensions, I'd be fine if you showed me what happens in four dimensions.


When I am using \caption{$\E_\A(D)$ where $\ora{UF}\!_n$} inside a table environment there shows some errors.  Error :   Only one # is allowed per tab. ...crcr }}}_n$\relax }}{95}{table.caption.41}   Error :   Illegal parameter number in definition of \reserved@a. \caption{$\E_\A(D)$ where $\ora{UF}\!_n$}   Here \E stands for \mathscr{E}, \A stands for \text{\k{A}}, \ora for \overrightarrow.  Please help resolving this problem.

This compiles fine.   \documentclass{article} \usepackage{subfig} \begin{document}  test: $\overleftarrow{a}$  \begin{figure}     %\subfloat[Subcaption $\overleftarrow{a}$]{\framebox[3cm]{First}}     \subfloat[Subcaption $b$]{\framebox[3cm]{Second}} \end{figure}  \end{document}   I put a Math-Mode in the caption of the subfloat. In the next example I put math mode and \overleftarrow, and although it gives the right output, it produces an error.  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{subfig} \begin{document}  test: $\overleftarrow{a}$  \begin{figure}     \subfloat[Subcaption $\overleftarrow{a}$]{\framebox[3cm]{First}} \hfill     \subfloat[Subcaption $b$]{\framebox[3cm]{Second}} \end{figure}  \end{document}   Error:  ERROR: Illegal parameter number in definition of \sf@captionlist. --- TeX said --- <to be read again>                 \crcr  l.10 ...\overleftarrow{a}$]{\framebox[3cm]{First}}   Why is there an error?


I have downloaded a youtube video in my youtube app and I want to save this video to my phone gallery. What steps should I have to follow to do this?

Is it possible to download YouTube Videos on my New Samsung Galaxy Y android phone and have it stored in my SD card?


Because Robb needed to cross the Green Fork of the Trident, he pledged to Lord Frey (in his own castle!) to marry one of his daughters/granddaughters. Robb double-crossed Lord Frey, and the rest is history. Anyway...  Did Robb choose to cross at The Twins (Lord Frey's castle) because:    There were no other possible ways for Robb's small expeditionary force to cross the Green Fork?   While there are other good places to cross (even large armies), crossing at The Twins allowed Robb to attack the Lannister army from the best tactical position?    If there were no bridges at The Twins, how would the North and South be connected? Only small boats and minor bridges? Or, are there other big crossing points somewhere?

In the "Baelor" episode of Game of Thrones, I was confused when the Starks had to negotiate with the Frey clan in order to cross the river. Was there no other way across the river? Did they not have boats or enough resources to quickly build a bridge?  Is this explained better in the books?


In order to run a query for database MySQL, we are using mysqli_query. Then, for running a query for database Oracle, we are using oci_execute.  When we wish to running multiple query for database MySQL, we are using mysqli_multi_query. Example as below:-  $mysqliconn = mysqliconn();         //mysqli connection $sql = ' INSERT INTO TABLE VALUES(); INSERT INTO TABLE VALUES(); INSERT INTO TABLE VALUES(); INSERT INTO TABLE VALUES(); '; if(mysqli_multi_query($mysqliconn, $sql)) {     echo 'Success'; }   My Question is if there anyone of you whom can come out with the most simplest solution to run multiple inserting values into the database table using one command execution.


I use showkeys to manage my lablels. However, sometimes I would like to use long label names but it seems that showkeys does not like them! :) The problem is that the labels get out of the margin. I am aware of the two other similar questions          but their solution does not seem to work in my case. Here is a MWE where the solution of David Carlisle suggested in the first question is implemented in it but the result is not satisfactory.  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage[notref]{showkeys} \renewcommand*\showkeyslabelformat[1]{%   \fbox{\parbox[t]{\marginparwidth}{\raggedright\normalfont\small\ttfamily#1}}}  \begin{document}  These are the constraint equations \begin{align*} \dot{x}  &=  \frac{R}{2}(\dot{\varphi_1}+\dot{\varphi_2})\sin\theta  \\ \dot{y}  &=  -\frac{R}{2}(\dot{\varphi_1}+\dot{\varphi_2})\cos\theta  \\ \theta-\theta_0   &=  \frac{R}{2L}(\varphi_1-\varphi_2) \tag{1}  \label{eq:constraint:final:integrated} \end{align*} \ref{eq:constraint:final:integrated} but the label seems to be out the paper!  \end{document}

Can showlabels wrap the label in the margin? A very similar question is , but the solution of @DavidCarlisle does not solve the more general case. Consider the following MWE:  \documentclass{article} \begin{document} \begin{figure}[ht]   \centering   \rule{1cm}{1cm}   \caption{default}   \label{fig:a very very very long and detailed label} \end{figure} \end{document}   When adding the package showkeys the output is:    Similar problem occurs with the showlabels package (whether the hack of @DavidCarlisle is used or not):   So, is there a way to fix it?


As a plant grows, at some point the first branch forms. As it continues, branches grow new branches, and so on, in a seemingly random way. Is it random, or is it driven by the environment (heat or cold, sunshine, wind)? Or is it somehow defined in the plant's DNA, that each branch will grow at in such and such a direction, at such and such a time?  Does this generalize down to successively smaller branches, and eventually leaves?

I was walking down a road with these beautifully huge trees when this question occurred to me.   Large trees with many thick branches have to grow equally in all directions, or they would tip over. Is there some sort of mechanism to ensure this uniform growth? Or is it just a happy coincidence arising from uniform availability of sunlight on all sides? If one branch of a tree becomes too heavy due to many sub-branches, does this somehow trigger growth on the opposite side of the tree?   I have seen that potted plants in houses tend to grow towards sunlight. My mum often turns pots around by 180 degrees to ensure that plants don't bend in any one direction. I assume that this is because sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis, leading to rapid growth of the meristem.  For trees growing in open spaces, this wouldn't be a problem. But there are many large trees that grow in the shadow of buildings without bending away from the buildings, even though this is the only direction from which they would receive any sunlight. Is there any explanation for this?


I bought a laptop that was advertised as having 512GB hard drive. But when I checked in windows explorer it shows a size of only 475 GB  I also checked system information and that is displaying following screen  It says 512,105,932,800 bytes in brackets but then converts it to 476.94GB. My question is how come? On Google I see following conversion:  Can someone explain this to me? Who is right?

From all the hard drives I have bought, they never seem to be as large as the advertised size; from 320 GB down to 290 GB, from 500 GB down to 450 GB, etc. Is there a technical reason for this?


I saw a question and answer in stack overflow    I could not put a comment in the above because I do not have more than 50 comments and that is why I am asking a question in here.  if(Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(myType) !=null) {    // It's Nullable }   If myType is system.string  Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(myType)    returns null  I thought System.string is null-able !

private string? typeOfContract {   get { return (string?)ViewState["typeOfContract"]; }   set { ViewState["typeOfContract"] = value; } }   Later in the code I use it like this:  typeOfContract = Request.QueryString["type"];   I am getting the following error at the declaration of typeOfContract line stating:     The type 'string' must be a non-nullable value type in order to use   it as parameter 'T' in the generic type or method   'System.Nullable<T>'   Any ideas? Basically, I want to make sure that "type" exists in the QueryString before performing an action.


I read  about unit-test a wrapper method. In following code:  public static Object methodA(Object arg) {     if (arg == null) {         return null;     } else {         return methodB();     } }   It looks reasonable that I don't need to test all functionality in methodB(), just test 2 cases where arg is null and not because methodB() should be tested already.  However, if methodB() is private method, I should test all functionality that methodB() will provide because according to , private methods are implementation details.  The problem is, if I have 2 methods methodA1() and methodA2() and they all call methodB() like this:  public static MyObject methodA1(int x) {     MyObject obj = new MyObject();     obj.setX(x);     return methodB(obj); }  public static MyObject methodA2(int y) {     MyObject obj = new MyObject();     obj.setY(y);     return methodB(obj); }  private static MyObject methodB(MyObject obj) {     // doSomething with obj     return obj; }   Should I test methodA1() and methodA2() separately? Or I can just test the private method methodB() because methodA1() and methodA2() are just wrapper methods of methodB(), so if methodB() is correctly tested, I won't need to test methodA1() and methodA2() at all.  EDIT:  I wrote separate tests for public methods at first. But the problem is, if there are many variations of the methodA, and some of the functionalities / requirements are shared in some of them, then the code of the test cases will be duplicated. That's why I wonder if I should test private method methodB().  The real problem I met is I have requirement to add a record in database, and there are many different APIs I should provide. For example, I should provide:  MyObject addMale(String name, String job);     // fill sex with "Male" MyObject addStudent(String name, String sex);  // fill job with "Student"   And all of them checks the parameter is valid or not, fill the field that is not specified and call the private method to actually insert the record into the database, which is so called methodB().  There are many APIs like this, so if I can only test methodB() with all fields situation, maybe I can reduce the duplication of the test cases, but is that a good practice to do the unit tests like this?  EDIT2:  I know I can test private methods because I used reflection in my other test cases, and I know it can invoke private methods, too. But my question is about in this situation, testing private methods is a proper solution or not.

How do I unit test (using xUnit) a class that has internal private methods, fields or nested classes? Or a function that is made private by having  (static in C/C++) or is in a private () namespace?  It seems bad to change the access modifier for a method or function just to be able to run a test.


I've got a set of N independent measurements that I'd like to do a weighted average on to get one, hopefully better, measurement.  I've got a variance measure for each measurement, would it be more appropriate to use the inverse of the variance or the inverse of the standard deviation as my weights?

I have a large set of data points of the form (mean, stdev). I wish to reduce this to a single (better) mean, and a (hopefully) smaller standard deviation.  Clearly I could simply compute $\frac{\sum data_{mean}}{N}$, however this does not take in to account the fact that some of the data points are significantly more accurate than others.  To put it simply, I wish to preform a weighted average of these data points, but do not know what the weighting function should be in terms of the standard deviation.


My question is similar to .  What I would like to have is a USB stick with a Linux installation on it such that I can boot from the stick and run PyCUDA programs on the GPU. That is, I need a live Linux stick with CUDA installation.  Is that possible? Has anybody done it? Can it be done such that the CUDA installation remains and keeps working when plugging the stick into another computer?

OS: Windows 7. I want install Linux Ubuntu on portable external Hard Drive USB 2.0. I read a variety of methods, but I'm confused by contradictory advices and methods. Actually, installing Ubuntu on anything other than clean PC looks much more complicated than installing Windows. I need to have Ubuntu package + Python 2.7 + C compiler installed. My external hard drive is partially filled, I need to keep all files.   Will Ubuntu run entirely on external hardrive, without writing anythinhg to Windows system folders and to registry?  Can anyone post detailed guide how install Ubuntu on external hard drive?


I'm trying to add a partial specialization to a quite complex class. I tried to simplify it already.  Compiler gives the error:     main.cpp:43:39: error: invalid use of incomplete type 'struct Baz'    Baz::doSomething(const Foo::type& a)      main.cpp:22:8: note: declaration of 'struct Baz'    struct Baz {   I'm constrained in C++ 03, how can I make this right?  #include <iostream>  using namespace std;  struct Foo {     typedef int type; };  struct Bar {     typedef int type; };  template <typename A, typename B> struct Baz {      template <typename V>     struct ReturnType {         typedef typename V::type type;     };      typedef typename ReturnType<B>::type RtType;      RtType doSomething(const typename A::type& a); };  template <typename A, typename B> typename Baz<A, B>::RtType Baz<A, B>::doSomething(const typename A::type &a) {     cout << "In templated implementation" << endl; }  //// The above is working fine //// The below is what I'm trying to specializae, and it doens't work.  template <typename B> typename Baz<Foo, B>::RtType Baz<Foo, B>::doSomething(const Foo::type& a) {     cout << "In partial specialization" << endl; }  int main() {     Baz<Foo, Bar> baz;     baz.doSomething(3);      return 0; }

The following code:  template <typename S, typename T> struct foo {    void bar(); };  template <typename T> void foo <int, T>::bar() { }   gives me the error  invalid use of incomplete type 'struct foo<int, T>' declaration of 'struct foo<int, T>'   (I'm using gcc.) Is my syntax for partial specialization wrong? Note that if I remove the second argument:  template <typename S> struct foo {    void bar(); };  template <> void foo <int>::bar() { }   then it compiles correctly.


I use TexMaker with TeXworks to write a paper. The comments I use are given below.  \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} \usepackage[numbers,sort & compress]{natbib}  \begin{document}  \section{Section_1} \section{Section_2} \section{Section_3}  \bibliographystyle{unsrt,firstinit=true} \bibliography{Bibfile}  \end{document}   I generated Bibfile using Mendeley. In the LaTeX generated file, following issues are there:   Author names are abbreviated and some are not; I need all authors name in all the references abrreviated. In some references, issue numbers also present. I want to remove it. In some references, month is also displayed before the year (may 2015). But I need only the year.   Simply, the format I want is the following:  "Charles, A. B. and Daniel, B. C., Title of the Paper, Journal Name, Vol_No.: Page_Numbers, Year."  Thanks in advance for any help/hint to solve these issues.

When you prepare an article for a journal (in my case, Quantum Information and Computation, Rinton Press), often they ask you to use some format for your references; in my case, the following:     [1] R. Calderbank and P. Shor (1996), Good quantum error          correcting codes exist,  Phys. Rev. A, 54, pp. 1098-1106.      [2] M.A. Nielsen and J. Kempe (2001), Separable states   are  more disordered globally than locally, quant-ph/0105090.      [3] A.W. Marshall and I. Olkin (1979), Inequalities:   theory of majorization and its applications, Academic Press (New   York).   The issue is, sometimes (and this is the case) they do not provide a .bst style file for bibtex users. I (and I guess many other people) prefer not to copy all the references of a bibtex file one by one into a tex document. So here is the question I am trying to answer:     What is the easiest way to create a .bst file? (for Rinton or any other publisher)   At first sight, I thought this would be very easy to do: after all, a .bst file is just a mere script to give format to a list. Strangely to me, after a long search I have been unable to find a simple clean solution to this problem. These are the the options I have been looking at:   I have tried to adapt a previous .bst file: concretely, apsrev4-1.bst, which has a similar format. Other people have tried this solution before , . However, it is an ugly option. First, it requires going through the script of the .bst and understanding it. Second, the script format used in different .bst files differs (quite annoyingly), so it is not easy to modify them unless you do understand what's written. The above solution is quite hideous and you really lose time on it, so I was wondering: isn't there any software tool (hopefully with a GUI) that does this job? It should, after all, pretty easy to program for a .bst script expert some sort of program to generate .bst files. There are some related questions in this site asking for something similar , ; there I have seen a couple of proposed apps, but going through their manuals they seem not so easy to use. Isn't there some software tool available to generate a .bst in less than 1 hour of work?   Remarks: ideally I would like to use/personalize/create .bst styles that support eprint fields (e.g. aps4-1.bst).


The first time toggle-password is working fine, but when I click on 'edit model' the model will open. After closing the model the toggle-password in the table is not working. I don't why it is not working. Can anyone please help me.  $(".toggle-password").click(function() {   $(this).toggleClass("fa-eye fa-eye-slash");   var input = $($(this).attr("toggle"));   if (input.attr("type") == "password") {     alert('test');     input.attr("type", "text");   } else {     input.attr("type", "password");   } });      <?php     if($auth_details['auth_key'] != "")     {       $r_id = $auth_details['id'];       $ak = $auth_details['auth_key'];       echo "

                 <input class='form-control' id='auth_keyt_".$r_id."' value='".$ak."' name='auth_keyt_".$r_id."' type='password' required autocomplete='off' style='border:none;'/>

";     }     else      {       echo '';     }   ?>

I have a bit of code where I am looping through all the select boxes on a page and binding a .hover event to them to do a bit of twiddling with their width on mouse on/off.  This happens on page ready and works just fine.  The problem I have is that any select boxes I add via Ajax or DOM after the initial loop won't have the event bound.  I have found this plugin (), but before I add another 5k to my pages with a plugin, I want to see if anyone knows a way to do this, either with jQuery directly or by another option.


How are superconducting materials classified as gapped or gapless, also is this same as saying that a superconductor is conventional or unconventional? Could you explain how this is linked to topology or the topological order in the material?

I don't understand what is meant by "gapless superconductors". As far as I know, the superconducting gap is necessairy for both zero resistance and the Meissner effect, the two hallmarks of superconductivity. So, what does it mean to have gapless superconductivity and how does it work? Thanks in advance, Greetings


I'm having trouble getting started on proving/disproving the following:  If $f:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n$ and $|f(t)| = 1$ for all $t \in \mathbb{R}$, then the scalar product $ \langle f(t), f'(t) \rangle = 0$ for all $t \in \mathbb{R}$.  Any help would be appreciated.

Suppose we have vector-valued function $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}^n$ and $|f(t)|=1$ for all $t \in \mathbb{R}$.     What can we say about the inner product $\langle f(t), f'(t) \rangle$?   Since image of $f$ is a vector ($n$-tuple). Then $|f(t)|=1$ implies we are looking at all those points in $\mathbb{R}^n$ whose distance from $(0,\dots,0)$ is $1$. In other words, we are looking the point on the surface of unit sphere.  But, how this idea help in computing the inner product?  The notes I am reading says that answer is zero but I can not figure out how? I would be thankful if somebody can provide a little hint.


Let $A$ be a non-empty set, $+$ is an associative binary operation and for each $a$ in $A$, the two maps  $A \to A$ that sends $x$ to $x+a$ $A \to A$ that sends $x$ to $a+x$  are bijective maps. The question is determine whether $(A, +)$ a group or not? My understanding that $A$ is a group if it has an identity and every element has inverse, but I am not quite sure how use these bijective maps to prove/disprove that $A$ is a group.

I want to show a set of statements on a semigroup $G$ are equivalent. The left and right translations are given by $l_g(h)=gh$ and $r_g(h)=hg$ respectively.   $G$ is a group For all $g \in G$ both $l_g$ and $r_g$ are bijective For all $g \in G$ $r_g$ is surjective and there exists an $f\in G$ s.t. $l_f$ is surjective   The implications from 1. to 2. and 2. to 3. I managed. But I'm struggling with proving 3. implies 1. I think I only need to show the existence of the neutral and inverse elements, as $G$ is by assumption a semigroup and thereby closed.    A neutral element for each element must be in $G$ as $r_g$ is surjective so in particular $\forall g\in G: \exists e\in G$ s.t. $g=r_g(e)$. How can I show that this e is the same for all $g$?  I still don't see how I can show the inverse elements lie in $G$


Recently, I saw a moderator on Android Enthusiasts telling folks to stop voting to close a question. The mod was clever to find out that the question is actually on topic, and I added that the title was attracting close votes. I then  if he could clear the votes, by closing it and immediately reopening it:     Can't you clear the CVs? Even if not, you can close and the immediately reopen it (but that'd be kind of abuse to the system).   He then responded that it's indeed an abuse of the system.  Later, I saw :     Not a duplicate at all, used hammer to clear pending close votes. – Shadow Wizard   Which doesn't conform with what the Android Enthusiasts mod told me.  So, since moderators are supposed to he problem solvers, as well final decision makers when there's controversy, if one with a gold tag badge was allowed to do so, a ♦ moderator should definitely be allowed to do the same.  Is what the mod told me right? Or is it actually allowed to use one's binding close power to clear pending close votes?

Occasionally, a user will cast a close-as-duplicate vote that's clearly incorrect. If that vote closes the question as duplicate, a gold tag badge user in a tag for the question ("dupehammer user") can then, as I understand it, unilaterally reopen it (thus overriding all the previous votes).  My question is about what happens in cases where the incorrect close vote does not close the post. In such a situation,  in order to clear the close votes on the question. This is clearly somewhat abusive if there are no close-as-duplicate votes, but in the case where all the close votes on the post are close-as-duplicate, doing this at least somewhat seems to tie into the dupehammer's regular functionality.  My question is not really about whether/when I can do this, but rather, when I should; under what circumstances should I as a dupehammer holder close and reopen a post in order to clear incorrect duplicate votes from it? Given that this is a fairly hidden feature at the moment, there's no obvious guidance for the circumstances under which I should use it.  In particular, is it my "duty" as a dupehammer user to clean up incorrect duplicate votes? Or the opposite: should I stay out of using the dupehammer to mess with vote totals, and only use it when the post is actually incorrectly open or closed? Or is the answer somewhere in between?


I am attempting to use | column -t at eh end of a df command in a simple script, and I keep getting an error.   Here is my script:  #!/bin/sh CMD=`df -Pi | column -t` echo $CMD   this is the output that happens when I run it:     Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rootvg-root   327680 149683 177997 46% / tmpfs 3851091 1 3851090 1% /dev/shm   /dev/sda1 99568 62 99506 1% /boot /dev/mapper/rootvg-home 131072 1457   129615 2% /home /dev/mapper/rootvg-tmp 131072 51 131021 1% /tmp   /dev/mapper/rootvg-local 65536 97 65439 1% /usr/local   /dev/mapper/rootvg-var 131072 5359 125713 5% /var   /dev/mapper/rootvg-log 132464 1535 130929 2% /var/log   /dev/mapper/rootvg-audit 65536 16 65520 1% /var/log/audit   /dev/mapper/optvg-opt 3276800 216348 3060452 7% /opt   It's all 1 big blob. I'm assuming I'm missing some wrapping characters to the actual command, but I haven't been able to find anything.   This is the output I am looking for from a script:  Filesystem                Inodes   IUsed   IFree    IUse%  Mounted         on /dev/mapper/rootvg-root   327680   149683  177997   46%    / tmpfs                     3851091  1       3851090  1%     /dev/shm /dev/sda1                 99568    62      99506    1%     /boot /dev/mapper/rootvg-home   131072   1457    129615   2%     /home /dev/mapper/rootvg-tmp    131072   51      131021   1%     /tmp /dev/mapper/rootvg-local  65536    97      65439    1%     /usr/local /dev/mapper/rootvg-var    131072   5359    125713   5%     /var /dev/mapper/rootvg-log    132464   1535    130929   2%     /var/log /dev/mapper/rootvg-audit  65536    16      65520    1%     /var/log/audit /dev/mapper/optvg-opt     3276800  216353  3060447  7%     /opt

I've got a script 'myscript' that outputs the following:  abc def ghi   in another script, I call:  declare RESULT=$(./myscript)   and $RESULT gets the value  abc def ghi   Is there a way to store the result either with the newlines, or with '\n' character so I can output it with 'echo -e'?


I remember an  of  where they were busting myths to do with a head on collision between two cars.  They said that instead of crashing two cars into each other at 50mph they would crash a car into a stationary object at 100mph because the energy involved in the crash would be the same.  Later on they corrected themselves to say that the energy is not the same. But I can't figure out why this would be the case?  Can someone explain if these two scenarios are the same or not. And why?

I was watching a youtube video the other day where an economist said that he challenged his physics professor on this question back when he was in school. His professor said each scenario is the same, while he said that they are different, and he said he supplied a proof showing otherwise.  He didn't say whether or not the cars are the same mass, but I assumed they were. To state it more clearly, in the first instance each car is traveling at 50mph in the opposite direction and they collide with each other. In the second scenario, a car travels at 100 mph and crashes into a brick wall. Which one is "worse"?  When I first heard it, I thought, "of course they're the same!" But then I took a step back and thought about it again. It seems like in the first scenario the total energy of the system is the KE of the two cars, or $\frac{1}{2}mv^2 + \frac{1}{2}mv^2 = mv^2$. In the second scenario, it's the KE of the car plus wall, which is $\frac{1}{2}m(2v)^2 + 0 =  2mv^2$. So the car crashing into the wall has to absorb (and dissipate via heat) twice as much energy, so crashing into the wall is in fact worse.  Is this correct?  To clarify, I'm not concerned with the difference between a wall and a car, and I don't think that's what the question is getting at. Imagine instead that in the second scenario, a car is crashing at 100mph into the same car sitting there at 0mph (with it's brakes on of course). First scenario is the same, two of the same cars going 50mph in opposite directions collide. Are those two situations identical?  PS: This scenario is also covered in an  of .


Something that got me wondering.  I have answered a couple of questions on the sites.  At times giving more information to the question than what was asked for.  This is also information that is readily available if you use some hardy Google skills.  This has led to a couple of comments where, users has stated that "This is not what was asked" or "To much information".  What if the more information enables the OP to make a better decision regarding the question that he had or shows the OP another way of doing something.  Do one give more information or do you stick to the problem at hand?

Is answering beyond the scope of the question a valid thing? Or should we just stick to the question asked and ignore any potential bugs which might be present (of course OP is unaware of that, as of now).  To make myself more clear, please have a look at this .  There are 3 answers which talk about the issue asked and that's it. If you look at my answer, I've added an additional point about a potential bug which the OP has missed now (may find out later). So is it a good thing to point out such potential bugs or not? Should this practice be encouraged?


I'm in the market for math postdocs and was just offered some positions. Essentially my situation is as follows. I have two offers from AMS Group I universities. One has higher "ranking" and is in the top 15, and the other in the 30s. However, the lower ranked university has a great group and there is a greater potential for collaboration.  I'm concerned that if I go to a lower ranked place, faculty positions at a good institution will not be easy to find. How important is it to go to a famous university for you postdoc? I'd also like to hear about the experiences of mathematicians who didn't go to a top 10 university for the their postdoc, but worked their way up.

I am trying to decide between some math postdoc offers, and I can't decide what is important for a postdoc position. I have talked to several senior mathematicians including my advisor, but they all seem to have different opinions. I just want to hear some more opinions on the following:   How important is prestige? Suppose that I have an offer from school X, which is fairly prestigious (something like top 10, which isn't a well-defined notion). Also suppose that I have an offer from school Y, which is not as prestigious but a better match research-wise. Suppose that the ranking of school Y is approximately n (again, not a well-defined notion). For which values of n should I choose school X over school Y? My goal is to become a tenure-track professor in a PhD-granting institution. What makes a good postdoc supervisor? I can think of the following criteria: compatible research interests, being well-known in one's field, compatible personalities, generous with time, etc. Am I missing anything else?


I'm trying to design a package so that I can 'theme' a document quickly. I've done this, but as a sort of academic exercise I'm trying to design an option compact that adjusts margins, title, and layout to optimize the document for use of multicols.  The issue here is I want to use geometry to define the margins, but do not want to load thegeometry package otherwise. I have a little bit of a workaround by using \PassOptionsToPackage, but then the package is loaded even when the option is not selected and it changes LaTeX's default margins which I don't want to change in this default mode. Ideally, the textpos and multicol packages wouldn't be loaded unless the option is selected either, because they are otherwise unnecessary.  What is the most correct way of accomplishing this?    The custom package:  \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1994/06/01]  \RequirePackage{graphics} \RequirePackage{tikz} \RequirePackage{libertine}  \pagestyle{empty} \setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}  \newcommand{\fullline}{%     \noindent\rule{\linewidth}{.4pt}\\     \vspace{-\baselineskip}\\ }  \newcommand{\stretchtitle}[1]{     \vspace*{-5\baselineskip}\noindent\hspace*{-.75in}     \resizebox{\dimexpr1.25in+\linewidth}{!}{\textsc{#1}}     \vspace{\baselineskip}\\ }  \newcommand{\header}[1]{%     \noindent{\sf\huge\\\\\noindent%     \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]%         \draw[right] (-.4em,.5em) node {#1};%         \draw[line width=1pt] (-.4em,-2em) -- (-.4em,0em) -- (\dimexpr.4em+\linewidth, 0);%     \end{tikzpicture}}\vspace{-1.25\baselineskip}\\\par\noindent% }  \newcommand{\leveltwo}[1]{%     \vspace{\baselineskip}\noindent{\Large\sf#1\normalsize\\\rule{.5\linewidth}{1pt}} }  \RequirePackage[absolute]{textpos} \RequirePackage{multicol}  \DeclareOption{compact}{     \PassOptionsToPackage{margin=.62in}{geometry}     \setlength{\columnsep}{18pt}     \setlength{\TPHorizModule}{\paperwidth}     \setlength{\TPVertModule}{\paperheight}     \renewcommand{\stretchtitle}[1]{         \newcommand{\titlewidth}{3.37in}         \begin{textblock}{.88235294}(0.058823,0.045454545)             \noindent             \resizebox{\titlewidth}{!}{\Huge{\textsc{#1}}}\\             \rule{\textwidth}{1pt}             \normalsize         \end{textblock}          \vspace*{.5in}     } } \ProcessOptions\relax  \RequirePackage{geometry}   MWE for custom package use:  \documentclass[letterpaper]{article} \usepackage{heavymodern} \usepackage{lipsum}  \begin{document}     \stretchtitle{Minimum Working Example}      \header{Example}%     \lipsum[1]      \leveltwo{Second-Level Example}      \lipsum[2] \end{document}

Is it possible to load some package from a .sty file only if some option is selected?  (Naive approach \DeclareOption{something}{\RequirePackage{something}} doesn't work.)


I am an Australian passport holder, I did not get any visas before travelling, while travelling I coincidentally left the Schengen area after 90 days. I never got a visa to travel in Europe because I didn't even know about the Schengen area rule until in UK. I am still travelling (currently in the UK) and have to go back to Italy after just two weeks out of the EU... will I be stopped? Do I actually need to get a visa to go to Italy? And while I'm in London should I go to the Italian embassy ?  If anyone has specific answers please comment, don't send me links to other questions with answers. So much information to read through about these laws it is just getting confusing.

I have searched the web a lot and could not find an answer that fits my situation. Here are two links that are quite contradictory:       My situation:  I've visited Portugal in December 2012 for 29 days on a Schengen visa valid from December 1st, 2012 to February 1st, 2013 for research purposes (I am a Ph.D. student). I want to visit Sweden from February 10th, 2013 to May 10th, 2013 (89 days). I have applied for a Schengen visa again (for research). How will the 90/180 rule work in my situation?


I have been trying for days to find how to convert the linearized Equation of a satellite given by the equation attached in the image to STATE SPACE equation.   Please I have been struggling for days. I am a newbie in control system.   Please do help out.  $$ \ddot\varepsilon+D\,\dot\varepsilon+K\,\varepsilon=B\,u \tag{1} $$  Where  $$ \varepsilon= \begin{pmatrix} r \\ \theta-\omega\,t \end{pmatrix} =  \begin{pmatrix} \text{radial-deviation-from-R} \\ \text{angular-position} \end{pmatrix} $$ $$ u= \begin{pmatrix} u_1 \\ u_2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \text{radial-thrust} \\  \text{tangential-thrust} \end{pmatrix} $$ $$ D= \begin{pmatrix} 2\omega\over\ R & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} $$ $$ K= \begin{pmatrix} -2\omega^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} $$ $$ B= \begin{pmatrix} 1\over m & 0 \\ 0 & 1\over m \end{pmatrix} $$  Want to convert above equation $(1)$ to state space equation of the form  $$ \dot x = A\,x+B\,u $$  Also if $y=\dot\theta$ is observed at the output what will be the transfer function?

Express the 2nd order ODE $$\begin{align}\mathrm d_t^2 u:=\frac{\mathrm d^2 u}{\mathrm dt^2}&=\sin(u)+\cos(\omega t)\qquad \omega \in \mathbb Z /\{0\} \\u(0)&=a\\\mathrm d_t u(0)&=b\end{align}$$ as a system of 1st order ODEs and verify there exists a global solution by invoking the global existence and uniqueness theorems.  I'm not sure how to express second order ODEs as first order ODEs, any tips?


Is 6:2(2+1)=1 or is 6:2(2+1)=9 ? I can't find any information regarding the order of multiplication without a sign. I'm sure that 6:2*(2+1) is 9, but I'm not sure about this.

Possible Duplicate:          Please, look at the picture?    Which calculator shows true result and how to prove achieved result?


I just purchased .  I'll be installing it in my RV.  Current will be supplied by a 12VDC to 120VAC, 3000W inverter.  I'll be using Single-Pole Type BR breakers.  Here's a picture of the box:    My current understanding is that I must install a grounding bar to the box.  This is my current understanding of how to connect the breaker to the main supply.:    Here is my understanding of how I would wire in new circuits:    Does this look right?  I would really appreciate your help -- I've been beating myself over the head about this.


I plan to make soup out of fully cured ham that was left out overnight-since it will cook another two hours, should it be safe to eat ?

I left a fully cooked ham in a bag out overnight. It was refrigerator temperature when I took it out at 9pm. Our Seattle home was not heated; it was about 50 degrees last night. I found it at 6am and threw it back in the fridge, in case it was still good. I would cook it again and then use it with eggs or sandwiches. Would this be ok?


I am reading mathematical analysis of Laplace transform. The author stated that the convergence of the following integral $$\int_{0}^{\infty}f\left(t\right)\mathrm{d}t$$ indicates that for any $\epsilon > 0$ there exists $\tau_0 > 0$ such that $$\left\lvert\int_{\tau}^\infty f\left(t\right)\mathrm{d}t\right\rvert < \epsilon$$ for all $\tau > \tau_{0}$. To me, intuitively it is correct. But how to prove it?

Let $f$ be a not decreasing, Lebesgue integrable function with finite integral over $[0,+\infty)$.  It seems obvious to me that $\lim_{b\rightarrow\infty}\int_b^{\infty}f(x)\,dx=0$ then.  But how can one very formally show it?  And assumption about monotonicity is crucial here, yes?


When it's OK to omit "where?" For example, is it OK to omit it in the following sentence?     This is the one of the few places (where) you can breathe real air.   In which situations one's not allowed to do this?

I know the "omitting-rules" regarding the relative pronouns who/which/that and whose. How does it work with where and when? In the first sentence I cannot omit where but I can easily omit when in the second sentence. What is the rule?   I saw John in the shop where you bought your brown T-shirt. I met Laura on the day (when) I missed the train to Barcelona.


I write a test class for a batch that make a callout. So I wrote test class with a mock that I call in my batch test class. Here is the test class :  @isTest private class y_batch_Test {     @isTest static void batchTest(){         String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Mission__c';          Contact c = new Contact(LastName = 'Test', Email = 'mail@mail.com');         insert c;          Mission__c[] missionsList = new List<Mission__c>();         for (Integer i = 0; i < 10; i++) {             Mission__c m = new Mission__c(Name = 'Mission class test ' + i,                                           Description__c = 'test');             missionsList.add(m);         }         insert missionsList;          Test.startTest();         Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new y_batch_Mock());         y_batch y = new y_batch();         Database.executeBatch(y);         Test.stopTest();      } }   And the mock class :  @isTest public class y_batch_Mock implements HttpCalloutMock {     public HTTPResponse respond(HTTPRequest req) {          // Create a fake response         HttpResponse res = new HttpResponse();          res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');          res.setBody('{"body":"test","group_id":"1234"}');          return res;     } }   When I run the test class I got this error :      System.CalloutException: You have uncommitted work pending. Please commit or rollback before calling out   However I got 76% of code coverage... But the test class can't pass.  EDIT - change in the batch test class I try to use the method in this post  but it throw me the same exception. Here is the batch test class after the modifications :  @isTest private class y_batch_Test { @isTest static void batchTest(){     String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Mission__c';      Contact c = new Contact(LastName = 'Test', Email = 'mail@mail.com');     insert c;      Mission__c[] missionsList = new List<Mission__c>();     for (Integer i = 0; i < 10; i++) {         Mission__c m = new Mission__c(Name = 'Mission class test ' + i,                                       Description__c = 'test');         missionsList.add(m);     }     insert missionsList;      Database.BatchableContext bc;     y_batch mbc = new y_batch ();     Database.QueryLocatorIterator iter = mbc.start(bc).iterator();     List<Mission__c> batch = new List<Mission__c>();     Integer batchsize = 10;     while (batchsize-- > 0 && iter.hasNext())     {         batch.add( (Mission__c) iter.next());     }      Test.startTest();     Test.setMock( HttpCalloutMock.class, new y_batch_Mock());     mbc.execute( bc, batch);     mbc.finish( bc);     Test.stopTest();  } }   But maybe my error comes from my mock class ?

I'm trying to write test code for a Batchable class that AllowsCallouts.  I've written a lot of other test code that uses HttpCalloutMock classes, and planned to do so for this class as well.  And, per best practices, I'm setting up my test data before calling Test.startTest().  Even so, I get a CalloutException:     System.CalloutException: You have uncommitted work pending. Please commit or rollback before calling out   This somewhat makes sense, because my start() method passes a SOQL query to Database.getQueryLocator() and my execute() method makes the web callouts.  I'm guessing that when my test method calls test.stopTest(), both start() and execute() run in the same context.  In regular batch operation, they happen in separate contexts so there isn't any uncommitted work.  I intend to work around this by calling the methods directly, possibly even calling start() before Test.startTest(), and then using the returned Database.QueryLocator to get the list of records I'll pass into execute().  I don't like the fact that I'm not testing the batch size used by the static method that kicks off the batch with Database.executeBatch(), so I'll probably have that use a constant that I can reference from my test code to ensure it's using the same batch size.  Salesforce kind of addresses this in the "Asynchronous Apex and Mock Callouts" section of the , but they don't make reference to Batchable classes with Callouts.  They only talk about making callouts and testing Batchable classes in the same test method.  So, my question is whether there is a better way to write this test.  I'm also throwing this out so others searching the site can learn about possible workarounds.


So what I meant to say is that what exactly is the difference between 18-55mm lens (in general, not specific to any company) and a 18-105mm lens. To me 18-105mm lens looks much better (not considering price), but then why people would also buy 18-55mm lens? and then probably another lens for 55-105mm (if it exists, or similar case for other mm).   The point is that if 18-105 can do all the work of two lens, then why do people buy two different lenses?   And I have seen combos like   18-55mm + 55-105mm 18-105mm   So which one should i go with?

I currently have the Canon EOS 550D with the 18-55mm IS kit lens. I am primarily looking for greater telephoto reach, as I have found the 55mm length to be quite limiting at times. So, I was considering the  which would be a good general purpose replacement for the kit lens, versus the  that would give slightly greater telephoto reach while complementing the kit lens.  What are the pros & cons of each like optical quality, effort in changing lenses etc, considering the fact that the 18-200mm lens is almost 3x as expensive as the 55-250mm one?  Note that it's highly unlikely that I'll be printing photographs larger than A4 size.


I am sending email by creating a Messaging.SingleEmailMessage object and then using Messaging.send().  The emails are being sent out successfully, but the from address is a very long url with a big id followed by .salesforce.com, which doesn't look great.  Is there any way to set the from address to be my company's custom domain?  Thanks

Friends,  This issue is driving me nuts. Basically, I have an APEX trigger which is supposed to send out emails to customers when new records are available for them to look at.   Everything is working as expected. Except the sender name on the email which is the "From address"   I read the documentation and called these methods as follows:      // Specify the address used when the recipients reply to the email.            mail.setReplyTo('testaccount@testOrg.com');          // Specify the name used as the display name.           mail.setSenderDisplayName('Test Org Account Team');   But the "from address" still shows my email because the trigger is executed by my user.  When the reply button is clicked, the sender is populated to the email address set above. But I do not want my email to show up on the "From address".   Looks like Salesforce is defaulting this to the person who ran the trigger. How can I override this :( ?  Thanks.


This is probably a fairly simple question but it occurred to me, when trying to go through some data, that I wasn't sure how.  Say you have some numeric variable vs. arc degrees-- like the price of real estate when looking in any direction. You want to see if there is a quadratic correlation between these two. In other words, the hypothesis is that land is most expensive in one direction, then gets less expensive -180 degrees away.   What's the standard way to treat or transform degrees, i.e. a repeating or circular variable?  There is a somewhat related question  but it also involves other things, and I don't see how the scale function in R applies here.

I am trying to fit a model using wind data (0, 359) and time of day (0, 23), but I am concerned that they will poorly fit into a linear regression because they are not themselves linear parameters. I would like to transform them using Python. I have seen some mention of calculating a vector mean by way of taking the sin and cos of the degrees, at least in the wind case, but not a whole lot.  Is there a Python library or relevant method that might be helpful?


I was thinking of making a commercial application to sell to customers to install on their servers but I wanted to do it with PHP & MySQL.  what should i do to ensure that the source code (& Database) will not be  opened nor copied. The most important thing is the code will be hosted on the customer server. And also how to ensure that the customer will not resell the web application (like copying the code & Db to other people)  Thank you

First of all, I'm not looking for miracle... I know how PHP works and that there's not really way to hide my code from the clients without using encryption. But that comes with the cost of an extension to be installed on the running server.  I'm looking for something different though... I'm not looking to encrypt my code or even obfuscate it. There are many PHP scripts without encrypted/obfuscated code but they are commercial applications. For instance, vBulletin and/or IP.Board forum applications.  I just want to know what approach do these guys use for their applications...  I'm also open to any other suggestions.  Please note that I'm a single person and not working for a company. My product is also very specific, it won't sell that much. I just want you guys to know that I can't afford to consult a legal professional either to sue someone or prepare a commercial license. I'm just looking for a simple way to protect my simple product, if it's indeed possible, somehow...


Prove that for every integer $n$, divisible by neither $2$ nor $5$, there exists an integer $m$, whose decimal representation consists only of $1$s, which is divisible by $n$ (e.g. for $n=13$, we have $m=111111$ divisible by $13$).   Sorry if the format is not up to standard.

I recently solved a , which says that,     A positive integer can be multiplied with another integer resulting in   a positive integer that is composed only of one and zero as digits.   How can I prove that this is true(currently I assume that it is). Also, is it possible to establish an upper bound on the length(number of digits) of the number generated?


I didn't find a solution in the other similar posts or maybe I don't understand them.  Here is my problem : I've got power supply with an output of 5V and 8A to feed 128 leds drawing 5V and 50mA each. At maximum effort they will draw 6.4 amps from the power supply so, I'm seeking a solution to reduce the output current by at least 1.6 amps.   In the first part of my project I'll only use 42 leds wich would draw 2.1 amps from the power supply, this mean that I have to divide the current by nearly 4 times.   In both situation keeping the voltage as near as possible to 5V is very important.  Thanks for your attention.

Power supplies are available in a wide range of voltage and current ratings.  If I have a device that has specific voltage and current ratings, how do those relate to the power ratings I need to specify?  What if I don't know the device's specs, but am replacing a previous power supply with particular ratings?  Is it OK to go lower voltage, or should it always be higher?  What about current?  I don't want a 10 A supply to damage my 1 A device.


Most of the time, I read articles or watch videos saying that Hertz experiments validated Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. But Hertz only confirmed the existence of waves (that are perhaps electromagnetic) and that they travel at the speed of light. He did not for example confirm that these waves have both an electric and magnetic components. Although we know that the spark generated at the receiver of his apparatus is due to electromagnetic induction (changing magnetic field that produces current), we don't have evidence about the electric component. Is there any experiment that confirms there is an electric component of these waves?

For example, has anyone has directly observed charges oscillating due to standing EM waves? I am particularly interested because it'd demonstrate that radiation has a transverse electric component to it. Anything else (historical or modern) that shows that light has a transverse electric component would also be gladly invited.


for a project I need to calculate several means, I then compare each of these means to a distribution under the null hypothesis H0. However sometimes some values (few) are much larger than all the other values, so if I use a basic arithmetic mean these values will greatly impact the final mean. Here is an example  Here if I do an arithmetic mean I get about 90, while in reality we can see that the vast majority of values on the axis are around 50. Do you have an idea of an average that would be used in this kind of case?

If you look at       Or this Wikipedia page      Clearly  seems to be the statistic of choice when it comes to ages.  I am not able to explain to myself why  would be a worse statistic. Why is it so?  Originally posted  because I did not know this site existed.


I have a problem which is I can get the value in the HashMap but I cannot send this value to my class. My error is void com.paket.okulduyuru.Model.Duyuru.setPid(java.lang.String) on a null object reference.  My setter method is:   public void setPid(String pid) {         this.pid = pid;     }    Activity:  Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();          SimpleDateFormat currentDate = new SimpleDateFormat("MMM dd, yyyy");         saveCurrentDate = currentDate.format(calendar.getTime());          SimpleDateFormat currentTime = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm");         saveCurrentTime = currentTime.format(calendar.getTime());          duyuruRandomKey = saveCurrentDate + saveCurrentTime;          final HashMap<String, Object> duyuruMap = new HashMap<>();         duyuruMap.put("pid",duyuruRandomKey);         duyuruMap.put("date",saveCurrentDate);         duyuruMap.put("time",saveCurrentTime);         duyuruMap.put("context",duyuru_context);         duyuruMap.put("title",duyuru_baslik);         duyuruMap.put("bolum",duyuru_bolum);         duyuruMap.put("yazar",duyuru_yazar);         String pid = (String) duyuruMap.get("pid");         duyuru.setPid(pid);

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


Could you please explain to me the exact left overs after a fish takes oxygen out of H2O?

How do fish separate oxygen from H20 & consume it? Do they break the water molecule and absorb  the oxygen only?


I know that she can't acquire another mutant's powers by becoming them, but what about someone like Bruce Banner? . Banner's "power" is practically an infection or a virus. So could Mystique become Banner, then get angry to become the Hulk? Using the version of her that can change her mass.  Or you can think about it like this: If Bruce Banner gets mad, and starts becoming the Hulk, at what point in the transformation would Mystique no longer be able to become the Hulk/Banner? Sometimes the transformation takes a while if he's fighting it.    Note: I don't see how this is duplicate to  as I am ignoring that question by assuming that she can change mass and asking another question on top of it. If you read the old version of the post I had the same thing about using the version of her that can change mass, it was just not bold.

If mass and matter cannot be created nor destroyed, then how does Mystique get taller or shorter, for example when she      imitates Trask in X-Men: Days of Future Past   Do her atoms and organs simply rearrange themselves? Does she become more dense?


This is a follow-up question regarding a previous question:    In the dukedissertation document class the solution given in the link provided above leads to improper line spacing preceding any use of the empheq environment.  How can I retain the left-bracket fix provided as an answer to my previous question without it causing improper line spacing in the paragraph preceding an empheq environment?  The following is a minimal working example illustrating the line-spacing problem.  \documentclass[]{dukedissertation}  \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{empheq} \usepackage{etoolbox}  \AtBeginEnvironment{empheq}{\linespread{1.3}\selectfont\normalbaselines}  \begin{document}  \chapter{Chapter Something}  A new chapter.  \section{Section Something}  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam eu mollis tortor. Sed massa quam, pellentesque quis metus id, ultrices scelerisque libero. Donec in magna sapien. Donec sit amet odio sed lectus sodales accumsan. Etiam rutrum ultricies congue. Fusce laoreet nulla in massa rhoncus, a cursus ligula aliquam. \textbf{Text preceding the empheq environment is too closely spaced.} \begin{subequations} \begin{empheq}[left=(1.1)\empheqlbrace]{align}     v &= \dot{x}\\     a &= \dot{v}\\     j &= \dot{a} \end{empheq} \end{subequations} \textbf{Text afterwards is just fine.} Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam eu mollis tortor. Sed massa quam, pellentesque quis metus id, ultrices scelerisque libero. Donec in magna sapien. Donec sit amet odio sed lectus sodales accumsan. Etiam rutrum ultricies congue. Fusce laoreet nulla in massa rhoncus, a cursus ligula aliquam.  \end{document}

I am using the empheq package to group equations organized using the align command.  If used in an article document class the left brace automatically scales wonderfully to group equations organized in an align environment.  If used in the duke dissertation document class the left brace does not scale appropriately: it is too small, which leads to the complete omission of the first line in larger groups of equations.  Why is the behavior of the auto-scaling feature inconsistent across these different document classes?  What can I do to make it behave as intended in the dukedissertation document class?  I have linked to .cls files for both document classes involved as well as provided below minimal working examples for each of the two document classes.   article class is good:  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{empheq}  \begin{document}  \section{Section Something}  Words for reference of where text would be. \begin{subequations} \begin{empheq}[left=(1.1)\empheqlbrace]{align} v &= \dot{x}\\ a &= \dot{v}\\ j &= \dot{a} \end{empheq} \end{subequations} More words for more reference of text location.  \end{document}       dukedissertation class is bad:  \documentclass[]{dukedissertation}  \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{empheq}  \begin{document}  \chapter{Chapter Something}  A new chapter.  \section{Section Something}  Words for reference of where text would be. \begin{subequations} \begin{empheq}[left=(1.1)\empheqlbrace]{align} v &= \dot{x}\\ a &= \dot{v}\\ j &= \dot{a} \end{empheq} \end{subequations} More words for more reference of text location.  \end{document}      Link to Duke webpage where LaTeX zip file containing dukedissertation.cls file can be found:   Direct link to article.cls file:


I remember learning this in art history class but for the life of me I can't remember. The word is synonymous with common sense. Like the belief or thought was so widely believed that it was believed to be a given fact but only in that time period. For example, it was once common sense for people to have slaves. My searches in the thesaurus return results with words meaning "sound judgement" or of that nature which is what I'm not looking for. Im looking for a word that's more objective, almost clinical?

Example sentence: Racism was a ____ in the Elizabethan Era.  I'm looking for a word/phrase that works with "breaking". I was considering "social norms" but it doesn't really mean what I want it to convey.   Even if it doesn't work with "breaking", I'd be happy to hear your suggestions anyway!


I just found someone created a new tag. But I am sure the created tag is not valid. It has a typo. If the typo is fixed then the tag is already exist. How can I report to fix this?

I attempted to ask a question regarding "object-role-modeling" (it's a design methodology that doesn't get nearly as much attention as it should).  Unfortunately, when I wrote the question, I made a spelling error and assigned it to a non-existent tag "object-role-modelling". I realised my mistake, and changed the tag on my question. But the mis-spelt tag .  I do not want this tag to be in stackoverflow. I really want there to be more object-role-modeling questions on the site, and having two near-identical tags is just going to add confusion.  So, here we have the situation where:   There isn't a single question against this tag The person who added the tag wants to remove it   Is there some way I can do this? If not, should there be?


Consider having the following header file (c++): myclass.hpp  #ifndef MYCLASSHPP_ #define MYCLASSHPP_  namespace A { namespace B { namespace C {  class myclass { /* Something */ };  myclass& operator+(const myclass& mc, int i);  }}}  #endif   Consider the implemenation file: myclass.cpp  #include "myclass.hpp" using namespace A::B::C;  myclass& operator+(const myclass& mc, int i) {    /* Doing something */ }   Consider main file: main.cpp  #include "myclass.hpp"  int main() {    A::B::C::myclass el = A::B::C::myclass();    el + 1; }   Well, the linker tells me that there is an undefined reference to A::B::C::operator+(A::B::C::myclass const&, int)  What's the problem here?

When authoring a library in a particular namespace, it's often convenient to provide overloaded operators for the classes in that namespace.  It seems (at least with g++) that the overloaded operators can be implemented either in the library's namespace:  namespace Lib { class A { };  A operator+(const A&, const A&); } // namespace Lib   or the global namespace  namespace Lib { class A { }; } // namespace Lib  Lib::A operator+(const Lib::A&, const Lib::A&);   From my testing, they both seem to work fine.  Is there any practical difference between these two options?  Is either approach better?


Question example: "So, you've never had a job?"  This situation seems to come up often and confuses me when I chat with it seems like you could either reply yes to disagree or agree and vice versa.  Would you say "yes" or "no" if you've never had a job?

I faced a problem to answer a negative question, for example, when someone asks you:      Don't you have any money?   It's a yes/no question but how should one answer the question without ambiguity?  When you answer "yes", does it mean "yes, I don't have any money"? or the other way "Yes, I do have money"? the questioner may think you are agreeing to the negative, that yes, you do not have any money.  I know it's better to answer with "on the contrary" but is it possible to answer yes or no?


Just wondering, does compasses can stand on its own?  Or should it be accompanied by a pair of?

In the Wikipedia article for Freemasonry, it gave a picture regarding the emblem of the Freemasons:    The caption below reads:     The Masonic Square and Compasses.   (Found with or without the letter G)   Just wondering, is "Compasses" correct? Shouldn't it be compass? I looked this up on several dictionaries, and I don't seem to find "compasses" when referring to a tool for drawing circles, only "compass". However, "compasses" makes sense, as it looks something similar to "scissors".  Should it be "compass" or "compasses"?


I am persistently confused by the usage of $=$ and $:=$ when reading papers and writing in math. Quick google search on "When to use defined as (symbol)", returned no useful result.  The way I am currently using $:=$ is basically assign the name of a variable/quantity to another. For example, let $f(x):= \sin(x)$, then clearly $f'(x) = \cos(x)$. But if I write it this way, then wouldn't it also be acceptable to write:  $$f(x):= \sin(x) := \dfrac{\exp(ix) - \exp(-ix)}{2i}$$ After all, isn't $\sin$ defined as the difference of complex exponential over $2i$?  I have seldom seen anyone write this way (certainly not in any introductory calculus textbooks), therefore I am reluctant to follow this convention.  As another example, On Wikipedia, it writes:   But it doesn't follow this convention when defining functions, for instance:    I have also seen very varied usage of $:=$ when introducing sets. Some authors prefer to say something like: let $C:= \{x\in \mathbb{R}^2|x_1^2+x_2^2 = 1\}$, other prefer just to say $C= \{x\in \mathbb{R}^2|x_1^2+x_2^2 = 1\}$  Can anyone elaborate on under which context I should use $:=$ over $=$? What is a way to keep consistency?

I am sorry if this is quite elementary question. But I always think, that why we use $:=$ at some places, instead of $=$. Is there any fundamental difference between these two? Before reading Terry Tao's blog (4 months ago), I had never seen a symbol like this (:=).


Here are steps of the "proof":  $1=1$  $\Rightarrow 1=\sqrt{1}$  $\Rightarrow 1=\sqrt{-1\times-1}$  $\Rightarrow 1=\sqrt{-1}\times\sqrt{-1}$  $\Rightarrow 1=i\times i$  $\Rightarrow 1=-1$  At which step did things go wrong?

We know $$i^2=-1 $$then why does this happen? $$ i^2 = \sqrt{-1}\times\sqrt{-1} $$ $$ =\sqrt{-1\times-1} $$ $$ =\sqrt{1} $$ $$ = 1 $$  EDIT: I see this has been dealt with before but at least with  I'm not making the fundamental mistake of assuming an incorrect definition of $i^2$.


I just tried to upvote and saw this:    Thanks for the feedback! Once you earn a total of 15 reputation, your votes will change the publicly displayed post score.   I know that Stack Exchange keeps track of the votes from unregistered users - does it do the same for sub 15 rep users? And if so, do these votes go into another list or the same one as the unregistered votes.  Finally, I know that the unregistered votes list is not used for anything - is the sub 15 rep one used for any internal calculation (e.g. People reached)?     answers most but not all of my questions - Is the sub 15 rep one used for any internal calculation (e.g. People reached)?

I've just noticed that if you try to vote without having a privilege to vote, you're greeted with such message:        So, that's interesting. Does it mean that if I gain 125 (or 15, in case I'm upvoting not having 15 reps) rep on that site, my "suggested" vote goes public and until then it would be recorded as it's done with anon feedback?  And until this change, the votes weren't recorded as anonymous, or has the new message saying that it acts as feedback been added just to not upset users?


I'm bringing only one cell phone from US to India for personal use, is this allowed ?

I am planning to travel to India (COK airport, Kerala) from United States. I want to take my laptop as well as my tablet (iPad). Am I allowed to take both in my backpack with my documents related my work. I think I am allowed to take only one computer as per the rule. Will the customs consider my iPad as a computer?  What all I can take?   One of my friends took 2 laptops (1 work and 1 personal) and had trouble at the airport.  Also I am planning to take some wristwatches (7 of them, each avg price is 45 $). I read in a website that I can take stuff up to max 35000 INR. Is that true? In that case, how will I manage my stuff?


It is often said that the main stator winding of a single phase induction motor provides zero torque, if so what is its function? How does it help in keeping the rotor rotating? How could one using electromagnetic theory, and the geometrical parameters of the motor determine its rotation speed? Why does the motor yield zero torque at a maximum rotation speed? What causes the back-reaction? I am guessing this is due to the dissipative impedance in the windings, correct?

I do understand that in a Three phase Motor, a rotating magnetic field is produced in stator and the induced magnetic field in rotor tries to aligns itself with the stator field which makes the rotor rotate.  But in case of a single phase supply, there is only a pulsating stator field. So to start the motor, an auxiliary winding is used which has a field that lags the main field by 90 degrees.   After the motor starts, the auxiliary winding is disconnected and now we only have the pulsating field in stator which can not generate any torque. Then how does the motor continues to produce torque and rotates?


I am building a site for a women's accessories brand.  The site has a Homepage, a Store page (where all accessories are displayed), a page for each of the accessories description, an about page and a contact page. There is also a whole set up for shopping cart and checkout (irrelevant to this question).  My issue is the SEO. Where can I put the keywords? The home page has only the menu and some photos. The store page displays the items and its titles. Then the specific item's page has a description of the item (pulled from the database), category and price. However, I feel like this is not enough for SEO for google ranking.  Where could I add tags in this type of site?

What are the best ways to improve a site's position in the Google search results?


When speaking series of decimal numbers, we say "one... nine, ten"; when speaking hexadecimals do we say "one... e, f, ten"? Do we say "nineteen, ateen, bteen... fteen, twenty" and so forth, or do we say "one-a, one-b" etc? On that note, would 10 be spoken "ten" or "one-zero"?

The decimal (base 10) number "2" can also be represented as the binary (base 2) number "10".  Let's use binary "10" (equivalent to decimal "2") as an example. I could see a few different ways to go here. Assume that the base doesn't need to be specified, and is understood from the context of the conversation (e.g. two programmers talking about memory addresses would understand that they were using hexadecimal).  It could be "ten", since that is what it looks like. One might even argue that ten, as a concept, refers to a one followed by a zero irrespective of the radix. In other words, ten means "a quantity exactly equal to the base it's represented in".  On the other hand, you could argue that "ten" refers specifically to the quantity; in other words, "1010" in binary, "10" in decimal, and "12" in octal would all be pronounced "ten," and "10" in binary should be pronounced "two".  So how would you pronounce the following numbers?  "10" binary ("2" decimal)  "10" octal ("8" decimal)  "10" hexadecimal ("16" decimal)  "1F" hexadecimal ("31" decimal)


I need to create a 11400mm X 3300mm size print in photoshop. What settings can I use that won't completely slow down my computer? For example I tried to create a doc 11400mm X 3300mm @ 300dpi but it was way too large to work with.  Could I create a new doc in PS at 114mm X 33mm @ 300 dpi that the printer will resize to 11400 X 3300 and it would still look good printed?  ps I have to work with Photos and not vectors  Sorry if this is a stupid question :)

For wall-sized graphics and large banners (e.g. 3m × 5m), what is an acceptable PPI for print? As I understand it 300 ppi is the typical for 'small' artworks (esp. for clean text resolution). However, for small artworks, the audience usually engages at a much closer distance. Therefore, in the interests of keeping a bitmap file down to a reasonable size, can you get away with a much-reduced PPI for a large format/banner print?


I want to know how does Asp.net application calculate its pool size. I have created a console application in which i have set the Max Pool Size as 20. In that it runs till 32 to 34 times with open connections. After that it says me that Max pool size has reached. I need to know how does asp.net calculate its pool size.

The last few days we see this error message in our website too much:  "Timeout expired. The timeout period elapsed prior to obtaining a connection from the pool.  This may have occurred because all pooled connections were in use and max pool size was reached."  We have not changed anything in our code in a while. I revised the code to check open connections which didn't close, but found everything to be fine.  How can I solve this?  Do I need to edit this pool?  How can I edit this pool's max number of connections?  What is the recommended value for a high traffic website?    Update: Do I need to edit something in IIS? Update: I found that the number of active connections are anywhere from 15 to 31, and I found that the max allowed number of connections configured in SQL server is more than 3200 connections, is 31 too many or should I edit something in the ASP.NET configration?


Suppose we found a great unification group (like SU(5)) and wrote a Lagrangian with all the known particles/fields (quarks, electrons, neutrinos...) with such symmetry. How would commutation rules be imposed? Would I have commutation or anti-commutation rules between different fermions? In other words, which of the following two is true: $ [\psi_{electron}, \psi_{quark}] = 0$ or $ \{\psi_{electron}, \psi_{quark} \}= 0$?

My question is straightforward:  Do fermionic operators associated to different species commute or anticommute? Even if these operators have different quantum numbers? How can one prove this fact in a general QFT?


In C using strtok function we can tokenize c style string using our any delimiters list such as " ,.- ] [ ". I know from here  to tokenize c++ string by whitespace, but I want to tokenize using delimiters list (" ,.- ] [ ") in c++. How Can I accomplish this?   NOTE: I Dont want to tokenize by WHITE SPACE, rather a delimiter list. Those answer gives answer to tokenize by ws. NOT using boost.

I'm trying to iterate over the words of a string.  The string can be assumed to be composed of words separated by whitespace.  Note that I'm not interested in C string functions or that kind of character manipulation/access. Also, please give precedence to elegance over efficiency in your answer.  The best solution I have right now is:  #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string>  using namespace std;  int main() {     string s = "Somewhere down the road";     istringstream iss(s);      do     {         string subs;         iss >> subs;         cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;     } while (iss); }   Is there a more elegant way to do this?


When I do this  :s/,/,\n/g   I get all sorts of control characters (rendered as ^@ in cyan in the editor) where I expected line breaks.  What is going on?  And how can I get vim to insert "\n" without problems?

I'm trying to replace each , in the current file by a new line:  :%s/,/\n/g    But it inserts what looks like a ^@ instead of an actual newline. The file is not in DOS mode or anything.  What should I do?  If you are curious, like me, check the question  as well.


I’m going to Germany for a semester exchange and I have a long-stay visa from Germany. Can I travel to the other Schengen states during this period with this visa or do I have to apply for a separate short stay Schengen visa?  My visa is German national visa type D. It is for a duration of 4 months, i.e., longer than 90 days. It says on the visa that the long stay visa is valid in Deutschland, which is different from my earlier visa, which I had when I visited Germany earlier; that one was a short stay visa and said it was valid in Schengen Staten.  Perhaps my current visa means that I can stay in Germany for a period of longer that 90 days can visit the other Schengen states if I don’t exceed the 90 day period.

I have requested for a French long term (Type D) student visa from a consulate in India. It's a national Type D visa and not a Schengen visa. My question is that can we still go to other Schengen countries on this visa? If not then can we get a Schengen visa from a consulate in France?


I'm watching Java tutorials right now and I've noticed that some people use:  public static void main(String[] args)   and some people use:  public static void main(String args[])   I was just wondering if there is any difference between them.

I have recently been thinking about the difference between the two ways of defining an array:   int[] array int array[]   Is there a difference?


in class main I get Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException  class Outer {     Outer() {     }      class Inner {         Inner() {         }     }      public Inner func() {         Outer.Inner type = this.new Inner();  // this is correct or not ??          return type;  //I want to return this object     } }   my  problem in  public Inner func(A a) or not ???  in Class main I define          Outer O = new Outer();     Outer.Inner t;     t = O.func(); //**I get Exception Her**

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


This effect looks like smoke with a little blurring. There are many examples of this because it has been used in some erotic movies.  I don’t know if it’s a lens filter, a specific camera, a technique, or a type of film. How is this effect achieved?

How do I achieve soft, dreamy, old-like photos? (May be thru film) Here are some examples:         It seems like they all may be film photography? If so, how do you achieve outcomes like this through film? And if it also is attainable with digital, how can you do this as well?  Still learning with film/digital, but I mostly take interest in film. Any help would be greatly appreciated!


What do you call a person who is capable of doing anything and everything, humanly possible?

I am looking for a positive, passionate word to describe the all-round capabilities of a person.   Are there any words better than 'all-rounder'?


What is the area of the region that is bounded by the curve $$\vec{R}(t)=(\cos^3t, \sin^3t), 0\leq t<2\pi?$$ I have no idea how to start here or what i have to use.

Find the area of the region enclosed by $x=a\cos^3\theta$ and $y=a\sin^3\theta$  What steps should I take in order to find the area?


In the theory of relativity, a spacetime can have length contractions or length expansions and time can have time dilations or expansions.  In theory of special relativity, any physical object with constant velocity or any inertial coorinate system, can have length contraction and time dilation such that:  $$ (t'/ t_0) = \sqrt[]{1-(v/c)^2} $$  $$ (s'/s_0) = 1/\sqrt[]{1-(v/c)^2}$$  This property is also symmetric between to observers that have relative constant velocity - both observers observe the same phenomena in the other.  and in Genral relativity, for example in the Schwarzschild metric object in the gravitation field has time dilation:  $$ (t'/t_0) = \sqrt[]{1- (2GM/rc^2)}$$  compared to a clock that is far away from the gravitation field.  Usually i have read that these properties belong to the geometry of spacetime. The geometry of the empty space for example follows so called Lorenzt transformations between two origin-centered inertial reference frames, other having relative velocity v other having v= 0 is:  $$ t' = u(t - \frac{vx}{c^2})$$  $$ x' = u(x - vt)$$  $$ y' = y $$  $$ z' = z $$  whwere u is Lorentz gamma factor $$ u = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(v/c)^2}} $$  Also the observed local velocity of ligth is always constant for all local observers:  $$ c'= c $$   However, In the gravitation field, different observers do not agree that the velocity of light is constant globally, in large path intervals.  These equations that describe the geometry of spacetime does not yet tell what is the reason why spacetime has this kind of geometry.  1 Is there any theory or insight what is the reason behind these time dilations and length contractions?  This has been answered: Lorentz covariance; Lorentz covariance is a property of spacetime that it obeys the Lorentz group transformation equations.  And is there any idea what makes the velocity of light is always constant in empty space?  (these following related questions 2 and 3 are asked to me to better to move under new question:) (edited 22.12.2015)   2 can Lorentz covariance be a result of some kind of dynamical or nondynamical but active process or mechanism that is going on in the spacetime or in space in small length scales and short time scales?** (edited 22.12.2015)  3 Is there another deep explanation what is behind "Lorentz covariance"?** (edited 22.12)

Is gravitational time dilation caused by gravity, or is it an effect of the inertial force caused by gravity?    Is gravitational time dilation fundamentally different from time dilation due to acceleration, are they the same but examples of different configurations?    Could you recreate the same kind of time dilation without gravity using centrifugal force?


What is the preferred choice below?  A) "The order was unexpectedly cancelled."  B) "The order was cancelled unexpectedly."  I am guessing "cancelled" is a verb and "unexpectedly" is an adverb.  (Please correct me if wrong.)  Is there a hard or soft rule about adverb placement?

For example:     Ever wish you could share information broadly   Could it be rewritten to:     Ever wish you could broadly share information   Are there any rules for the position of the adverbs.


I had an old and low-specced pc lying around and since there's no point selling it I decided to install linux on it just for fun :P It's a Toshiba Tecra 8000 (192MB RAM and 380MHz Pentium II) so I had to do a minimal installation. I installed xubuntu (and later realised I also needed xfce4 to have a desktop). My question is what else would I need to have a proper (but efficient) OS. I found some info here     but I'd like to know what file manager and browser you'd recommend for these kind of specs.  Will xubuntu be usable or would lubuntu or another distro be better?  Thanks in advance, keep in mind there's no hurry as this is just a little side project.  Have a nice day! :D

I am looking for an Ubuntu version that consumes less Memory and CPU. I have read both Lubuntu and Xubuntu (The homepages, wikipedia, phoronix and other sites comparing both). But from experience, which one uses less memory and is less CPU intensive. I need to install them in very old hardware and want to persuade the owner of the hardware of the benefits of Ubuntu.  in this case I want to install 11.10 or 12.04 when it comes out. How are each behaving in those versions?  The 2 PCs I will be installing either Xubuntu or Lubuntu are:  Granpa PC:  CPU - Pentium 2 450Mhz RAM - 64MB DIMM Video - 16MB Used for - Documents and Internet. No listening to music, no looking at videos. Just using it for document writing.  The other old meat:  CPU - Pentium 3 550Mhz RAM - 128MB DIMM Video - 16MB Used for - Documents and Internet also but they want.. or maybe they are wishing for it to use it to see movies and listen to music. This one has internet. The other one does not.  UPDATE  Wanted to update this question with the test results for over 8 months worth of using Lubuntu and Xubuntu. When it comes to very old hardware, am talking about 64 MB, 128 MB or even 256 MB of RAM computers, Lubuntu is better than Xubuntu when comparing Memory usage. When it comes to CPU usage, both are the same.  This will not improve I/O Disk performance which will be the bottleneck for old computers. Also the difference in performance between Xubuntu and Lubuntu is about 10% to 20% percent in memory usage. Again, CPU usage is the same.  Now, when it comes to how responsive the Desktop is, LXDE (Lubuntu) has a much better response time than XFCE (Xubuntu). I would say about 50% or just simply noticeable to the eye. Lubuntu is similar to how Windows XP looks while Xubuntu is more like how Gnome 2 looked.  The computers (The old ones mentioned here) and 2 more are still working in excellent conditions thanks to the Ubuntu family. I also want to add I am using 13.10 for both distros.


I am having trouble getting the graphicx package to work well when running XeLaTeX on my MAC.  I am including .jpg files; some of them scale very nicely, but others don't.  Here is the MWE  \documentclass[11pt]{book} \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{document} \includegraphics[width=1in]{behistun_photo.jpg} \includegraphics[width=2in]{behistun_photo.jpg}  \includegraphics[width=1in]{graphics/Ishango_IRSNB.jpg}  \includegraphics[width=2in]{graphics/Ishango_IRSNB.jpg}  \end{document}   When I compile using PDFLaTeX, it works just fine.  The images are scaled properly.  When I compile using XeLaTeX, the first jpg file scales properly, but not the second.  In addition, the image in the second one over-writes the lines above.  It seems that it is setting the correct space for the scaled picture, but then inserting a much larger one.

resolution is undefined in XeTeX so the following code will produce different values when compiled with pdfTeX and XeTeX.  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{graphicx}  \newsavebox\IBox \savebox\IBox{\includegraphics[scale=1]{koala.jpg}}  \begin{document} \the\wd\IBox \end{document}   How to force pdfTeX and XeTeX to produce the same measurement for the imported image?


Peace be upon you,  In the question , I have asked for an approximating solution for a system of functional equations.  Here, I have presented some alternative forms of that system, to be analytically solved.  Since the real part of the domains of its psi functions are positive we can write it as \begin{align*} \psi(s)=-\gamma + \int_0^1\frac{1-x^{s+1}}{1-x} \end{align*} where $γ$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. So, we can rewrite our system to become \begin{align*} \begin{cases} \int_0^1\frac{x^{\alpha+\beta+1}-x^{\alpha+1}}{1-x}=c_1\\ \int_0^1\frac{x^{\alpha+\beta+1}-x^{\beta+1}}{1-x}=c_2 \end{cases} \end{align*} Also, using the Newton series we can write \begin{align*} \psi(s)=-\gamma-\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{\frac{(-1)^k}{k}\binom{s+1}{k}} \end{align*} So, we can rewrite our system to become \begin{align*} \begin{cases} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{\frac{(-1)^k}{k}\binom{\alpha+\beta+1}{k}}-\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{\frac{(-1)^k}{k}\binom{\alpha+1}{k}}=c_1\\ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{\frac{(-1)^k}{k}\binom{\alpha+\beta+1}{k}}-\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{\frac{(-1)^k}{k}\binom{\beta+1}{k}}=c_2 \end{cases} \end{align*} Also, using the Recurrence formula and characterization we can write \begin{align*} \psi(s)=-\gamma+\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{s+k+1}\right) \end{align*} So, we can rewrite our system to become \begin{align*} \begin{cases} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{\alpha+\beta+k+1}\right)-\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{\alpha+k+1}\right)=c_1\\ \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{\alpha+\beta+k+1}\right)-\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{\beta+k+1}\right)=c_2 \end{cases} \end{align*} Is there any hint for "analytically solving" one of the aforementioned systems using?

Peace be upon you,  At the end of this question, I have shown that how computing MLE on an i.i.d Beta distributed data, results in the following system \begin{align*} &\begin{cases} \psi(\alpha)-\psi(\alpha+\beta) = c_1\\ \psi(\beta)-\psi(\alpha+\beta) = c_2 \end{cases}\\ &c_1 = \frac{1}{n} \left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {log(x_i)}\right] &c_2 = \frac{1}{n} \left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {log(1-x_i)} \right] \end{align*} where $\psi(.)$ is the digamma function and $x_i\in(0,1]$.  Since I have about 19k of the above system to be solved, then using the iterative methods like Newton-Raphson would take a long time. So, I would like to find a fast-computable late-diverging approximating answer for it. I followed the idea of estimating the $\psi(.)$ function by a, likely, invertible function and substituting it and then solving a new system which results in a closed-form approximating solution.  The simplest candidate for this idea is the Taylor expansion; but it would have a very bad accuracy by getting far from the origin or in other words it diverges quickly.  I suppose that for some functions the divergence would occur very late. For example, $\ln(x)$ is very similar to $ψ(x)$ and it may keep the precision in a large domain. but for such suggestion there is another problem: how to solve the system after substitution.  Maybe, someone will suggest another way for solving the above system. But if some user wants to solve it by the aforementioned technique, he/she can find a much similar basis (than $\{1,x,x^2,...\}$) for a $ψ(x)$ estimation which makes the above system has a closed-form answer.  Note that I need a "late-diverging" fast-computable answer, either a closed-form approximating answer or any other fast-computable one.    But, how did I reach this system?  We know that the probability density function of the Beta distribution is \begin{align*} f(x|\alpha, \beta)=\frac{x^{\alpha-1}(1-x)^{\beta-1}}{B(\alpha,\beta)} \end{align*} So, the likelihood is \begin{align*} \mathcal{L}(\alpha,\beta)=f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n|\alpha,\beta)=\prod_{i=1}^n{f(x_i|\alpha,\beta)} \end{align*} For pre-simplifying the computations, we proceed to find the maximum of the log-likelihood \begin{align*} log(\mathcal{L}(\alpha,\beta))=\sum_{i=1}^n{log\left(f(x_i|\alpha,\beta)\right)} \end{align*} For maximizing the above log-likelihood, we should solve the following system \begin{align*} \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial \alpha}\left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {(\alpha-1)log(x_i)+(\beta-1)log(1-x_i)-log(B(\alpha,\beta))} \right]=0\\ \frac{\partial}{\partial \alpha}\left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {(\alpha-1)log(x_i)+(\beta-1)log(1-x_i)-log(B(\alpha,\beta))} \right]=0 \end{cases} \end{align*} So, we can write \begin{align*} \begin{cases} \left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {log(x_i)}\right] =n\frac{\partial}{\partial\alpha}\left[log(B(\alpha,\beta)\right]\\ \left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {log(1-x_i)} \right]=n\frac{\partial}{\partial\beta}\left[log(B(\alpha,\beta)\right] \end{cases} \end{align*} Using the formula for partial derivation of Beta function we can write \begin{align*} \begin{cases} \left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {log(x_i)}\right] =n\left[\psi(\alpha)-\psi(\alpha+\beta)\right]\\ \left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {log(1-x_i)} \right]=n\left[\psi(\beta)-\psi(\alpha+\beta)\right] \end{cases} \end{align*} where $\psi(.)$ is the digamma function. we can rewrite the above system as \begin{align*} &\begin{cases} \psi(\alpha)-\psi(\alpha+\beta) = c_1\\ \psi(\beta)-\psi(\alpha+\beta) = c_2 \end{cases}\\ &c_1 = \frac{1}{n} \left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {log(x_i)}\right] &c_2 = \frac{1}{n} \left[ \sum_{i=1}^n {log(1-x_i)} \right] \end{align*}


Today morning when I saw my profile in SO I just noticed that Unanswered link has been disappeared! Why this has happened! I can see the same in my friend's desktop when logged in with his profile but not mine. I don't find what has just happened! Attached images to show what I am trying to say! I do not even find this in other profiles of SE like Meta StackExchange, Stackoverflow meta etc., below are 2 images of the same issue for different sites. Stackoverflow Image  Stackoverflow meta

Update:  Update: We've heard you! . Please let us know what you think.  As  In a major effort to move as much UX cheese as possible in a single deployment significantly improve the site browsing experience, we have deployed a new version of the site navigation to Stack Overflow, Meta Stack Overflow and Meta Stack Exchange.  The catch is that this is only visible to users that explicitly enable it. What's new?  This is the list of major changes we're introducing. Unified home page All major question lists have been merged into a single page, the home page. This page has three tabs: new, which shows fresh content; popular, which shows the top posts over time ranges; need answer which helps you find stuff to answer. Almost all of these lists can be filtered by tag (we are working on the remaining ones). All of them allow different sorts and sets of questions. Finally there are further options to further customize your experience. Simplified top navigation Questions is now highlighted whenever we show a list of questions, including the home page. Unanswered has been removed. FAQ How do I get this?  Go to your , look at the bottom. Check the checkbox, or un-check it to go back to normal. Checking the box puts you in a waiting list. We allow people in batches to verify behavior under load, ensure we've fresh eyes as we fix the inevitable bugs and so on. There's a five minute cache expiration time, so any change you make might take a little to propagate.  Update: As we have 500 active testers now (you are amazing!), we will delaying new alpha activations until we roll out a set of fixes. Opting in now ensures you'll be in the next few hundreds to see the next version.    Update: We have activated 500 more testers after deploying a set of fixes. There are around 1000 testers active now. There are 3000 people in the waiting list, gosh! You might need to wait a little bit.  How can I help? Here's what we really want to know :-)  that we are not breaking stuff you used to do how easy is to find questions to answer, especially if you are a new user any ideas for improvement and feature requests bug reports  If there is anything you particularly hate, but it's not a breaking behavior, please think of a better alternative and suggest it as a feature request. <3 Please read this  How do I get back to you? Use this question for general considerations only. Please use separate questions tagged with   or   as appropriate.  It's impossible to manage large amounts of bug reports or feature requests if you answer here. We periodically go through the list and ask answerers to move their bug/feature answers to a question and remove the post, and you likely will lose rep once the answer is gone. What are the next steps? We will spend the next few days hot fixing bugs which emerge. New ideas and breaking behaviors will be considered for the next iteration.  Thanks for all the feedback, we've planned the next iteration now, all the requests we're going to tackle in it are marked as . The ones tagged  will be reconsidered in the next cycle. Obviously feel free to test and contribute more, the new homepage is not going away.


As I'm ruling out Tokyo in this post, this doesn't duplicate .  Please recommend where to enjoy picturesque backwoods? Criteria:   No dangerous animals or untamed boondocks. No  or snakes. I won't drive, and must rely on public transport and walking less than 5 km in total.  No shrines, temples or any religious edifice. OPTIONAL: I fancy  , the more  the better.

I plan to visit Japan for 10 days and apportion 5 days to Tokyo. For the remainder, I want to escape the megalopolis and enjoy picturesque backwoods or countryside. Please recommend? Criteria:   No dangerous animals or untamed boondocks. No  or snakes. I won't drive, and must rely on public transport and walking less than 5 km in total.  No shrines, temples or any religious edifice. OPTIONAL: I fancy  , the more  the better.   This instantiates, doesn't duplicate, .


My Mac Pro ( late 2009 custom assembled in Ireland by Apple)   Processor Name:   3.32GHz Quad-Core Intel Xeon Memory:   32 GB Processor Interconnect Speed: 6.4 GT/s Boot ROM Version: MP41.0081.B07 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 680 VRAM (Total): 4096 MB   came originally with Snow Leopard. I still have the original DVD in mind conditions and the DVD disk reader (very seldom used) works perfectly  After I upgraded to El Capitan, I am totally unable to reinstall Snow Leopard in any of the additional disk slots in the machine.  I removed all the hard drives, bought a new 1 TB Seagate drive and installed it in bay 1.  The computer boots with Snow Leopard and allows installation, however after the message telling me the install was successful the Mac doesn't boot - an error message tells me the software is not meant for my particular machine. I tried every kind of keyboards combos I am aware of.  People at the local Apple store told me that I will never be able to go back to Snow Leopard as after Yosemite the system patches the computer ROM making the downgrade impossible.  But I do need Snow Leopard as I have a number of  PowerPC apps and files I need to use.  Any hints please?

I am not happy with El Capitan, and it is also not compatible with both music hardware and software that I have, so I want to go back to Snow Leopard on my late 2009 iMac. After installing El Capitan the CD drive on my iMac is not working, and I was unable to install Snow Leopard from it.  So I made a bootable USB that gets recognized when I hold option when the machine is booting. When I choose it, I get the white screen with the Apple logo, but it doesn't go into the installation phase. I have formatted my drive and no longer have El Capitan on it.  How can I install Snow Leopard? It looks to me(and I'm hopefully wrong about this) like El Capitan has blocked the option to downgrade to an earlier OS, and it is a bit infuriating that I am not in control of hardware that I have spent a lot of money on.


Is $ \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k!}$ diverges?    First I check that  \begin{align} \lim_{k\rightarrow\infty} \frac{1}{k!} =0 \end{align}  It means at some point the above summation add $0$, thus it seems to me the above series sum converges. But how do we get the value of that summation?

I've been asked by some schoolmates why we have $$ \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{n!}=e.$$ I couldn't say much besides that the $\Gamma$ function, analytic continuation of the factorial, is defined with an integral involving $e$. Then I also know that actually $$ \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}=e^x.$$ Is there a reason for these facts?  P.S. I added the tag "intuition", please remove it if you think it is not pertinent.