According to the , there are four main kinds of galaxies:   Spirals - as the name implies, these look like huge spinning spirals with curved "arms" branching out Ellipticals - look like a big disk of stars and other matter Lenticulars - those that are somewhere in between the above two Irregulars - galaxies that lack any sort of defined shape or form; pretty much everything else   Now, from what I can tell, these all appear to be 2D, that is, each galaxy's shape appears to be confined within some sort of invisible plane. But why couldn't a galaxy take a more 3D form?  So why aren't there spherical galaxies (ie: the stars and other objects are distributed within a 3D sphere, more or less even across all axes)? Or if there are, why aren't they more common?

Question: As we know, (1) the macroscopic spatial dimension of our universe is 3 dimension, and (2) gravity attracts massive objects together and the gravitational force is isotropic without directional preferences. Why do we have the spiral 2D plane-like Galaxy(galaxies), instead of spherical or elliptic-like galaxies?   Input: Gravity is (at least, seems to be) isotropic from its force law (Newtonian gravity). It should show no directional preferences from the form of force vector $\vec{F}=\frac{GM(r_1)m(r_2)}{(\vec{r_1}-\vec{r_2})^2} \hat{r_{12}}$. The Einstein gravity also does not show directional dependence at least microscopically.  If the gravity attracts massive objects together isotropically, and the macroscopic space dimension is 3-dimensional, it seems to be natural to have a spherical shape of massive objects gather together. Such as the globular clusters, or GC, are roughly spherical groupings , as shown in the Wiki picture:     However, my impression is that, even if we have observed some more spherical or more-ball-like , it is more common to find more-planar  such as our ? (Is this statement correct? Let me know if I am wrong.)  Also, such have a look at this more-planar Spiral "galaxy" as this NGC 4414 galaxy:    Is there some physics or math theory explains why the  turns out to be planar-like (or spiral-like) instead of spherical-like?  See also a   p.s. Other than the classical stability of a 2D plane perpendicular to a classical angular momentum, is there an interpretation in terms of the quantum theory of vortices in a macroscopic manner (just my personal speculation)?  Thank you for your comments/answers!


I thought the error I'm catching is for only the first time running (where there's still no SharedPreferences saved, but the error pops up everytime I run the app (in MainActivity): Attempt to invoke virtual method 'int com.android.test.helper.PreferencesHelper.load(java.lang.String)' on a null object reference   The same function however works and loads the value under that key (key_foo) successfully in the OptionsActivity where that option is saved. MainActivity runs first when opening the app immediately being replaced by OptionsActivity after some more setup. MainActivity.java: public class MainActivity {     private PreferencesHelper preferencesHelper;      @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);                  try {             preferencesHelper.load("key_foo");             recreate();         }         catch(Exception e) {             Log.d("ERROR", e.getMessage());         }         startOptionsActivity();     } }  PreferencesHelper.java: public class PreferencesHelper {     private Activity context;     private SharedPreferences sharedPref;     private SharedPreferences.Editor editor;      public PreferencesHelper (Activity activity){         context = activity;         sharedPref = context.getSharedPreferences("file", 0);     }     public int load(String key){         sharedPref = context.getSharedPreferences("file", 0);         return sharedPref.getInt(key, -1);     }     public void save(String key, int value){         editor = sharedPref.edit();         editor = putInt(key, value);         editor.apply();     } }  OptionsActivity.java: public class OptionsActivity {     private PreferencesHelper preferencesHelper;      @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         setContentView(R.layout.activity_options);                  preferencesHelper.save("key_foo", 42);         recreate();          try {             preferencesHelper.load("key_foo");         }         catch(Exception e) {             Log.d("ERROR", e.getMessage());         }     } }

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


The  clearly says:  Depending on the severity of the problem behavior — and at the complete discretion of the moderator — your account will be placed in timed suspension for anywhere from 1 to 365 days.  However.. (click to reach the profile)  Obviously, something here is wrong - either the blog post needs an update or the time displayed is wrong?

On SU there's the  which is suspended for quite some time. And I also know that it is used for spammers, but how does it work? Does the account of the spammer get 'linked' to Deposit? Do the answers get moved there?


Suppose $\mathfrak m$ and $\mathfrak n$ are infinite cardinals. Does $2^{\mathfrak m}=2^{\mathfrak n}$ imply $\mathfrak m=\mathfrak n$?

Is it true that if $X$ and $Y$ are sets and there is a bijection between $\mathcal{P}(X)$ and $\mathcal{P}(Y)$ then there is a bijection from $X$ to $Y$ ?. I believe this should be obvious, but I can't see why this is so. A proof or a counter example would be highly appreciated.   Thanks.


I recently noticed that these two numbers are remarkably close:  $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\gamma=0.000135\dots$$     Are there any integrals or series which can prove that $\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}>\gamma$?   Meaning that (as usual in such cases) the function under the integral has to be non-negative and the value should be proportional to the difference of these numbers.  The same goes for the series (strictly non-negative terms).  A good overview for the inequalities with $\pi$, like $\frac{22}{7}>\pi$, can be found in .    A . But I don't consider my question a duplicate, because the linked question is more general.

In 1735 Euler gave the value of $\gamma$ as $0.577218.$ The constant is generally defined as the limit of the difference between the harmonic series and $\log n:~\gamma= \lim_{n\to\infty}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{1}{k}-\log n.$ Euler apparently relished this sort of calculation and must have taken quite a few terms to get such a good approximation.  My question is whether without a computer one can now prove that  $$\gamma <  \sqrt{1/3}$$   with at least some savings in terms of the type of work Euler apparently expended? I don't think there's any point in raising the bar to $\gamma < \ln 2\sqrt{\frac{23}{29}} $  because it seems to be the same sort of question.       My own thought was to compare $\frac{1}{2}\int_0^{1/3}\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x}}$ to something like $(-1)\cdot\int_0^\infty e^{-u}\ln u~du$ but I expect there's a better way.


Let T be a linear map from $\mathbb{R}^3 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^2$. Let K be a right-inverse of T. Does K have to be a linear map/transformation.

On a finite dimensional vector space, the answer is yes (because surjective linear map must be an isomorphism). Does this extend to infinite dimensional vector space? In other words, for any linear surjection $T:V\rightarrow V$, AC guarantees the existence of right inverse $R:V\rightarrow V$. Must $R$ be linear?  How about $T:V\rightarrow W$ linear surjection in general?


\documentclass{article} \usepackage{fullpage} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}  \textheight=10in \pagestyle{empty} %\raggedbottom \raggedright  %  \renewcommand{\encodingdefault}{cg}   %\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{lgrcmr}  \def\bull{\vrule height 0.8ex width .7ex depth -.1ex } % DEFINITIONS FOR RESUME \newcommand{\area}[2]{\vspace*{-9pt} \begin{verse}\textbf{#1}   #2 \end{verse}  } \newcommand{\lineunder}{\vspace*{-8pt} \\ \hspace*{-18pt} \hrulefill \\} \newcommand{\header}[1]{{\hspace*{-15pt}\vspace*{6pt} \textsc{#1}} \vspace*{-6pt} \lineunder} \newcommand{\employer}[3]{{ \textbf{#1} \hfill{#2}\\ {\textbf{\emph{#3}}}\\  }} \newcommand{\contact}[3]{ \vspace*{-8pt} \begin{center} {\LARGE \scshape {#1}}\\ #2 \\ #3  \end{center} \vspace*{-8pt} } \newenvironment{achievements}{\begin{list}{$\bullet$}{\topsep 0pt \itemsep -2pt}}{\vspace*{4pt}\end{list}} \newcommand{\schoolwithcourses}[5]{  \textbf{#1} #2 \hfill{#3} \\ #4\\ #5 \\ \vspace*{5pt} } \newcommand{\school}[4]{  \textbf{#1} #2 $\bullet$ #3\\  #4 \\ } % END RESUME DEFINITIONS

How do you enter a page number on the right-hand side of each page?   Also, is there a command so that "My name" is on the top left corner of each page except the first page?   And maybe put a bar below the two above items?   I am using document class resume.    \documentclass[margin,line]{resume}   \begin{document}  \name{\Large My name}   \begin{resume}   This is page 1.    \newpage     This is page 2.    \newpage    This is page 3.      \end{resume}  \end{document}    Thank you.


Let $R$ be a ring and $f, g \in R[x], \deg(g) > 0$ and the dominant coefficient of $g$ an inversible element of $R$. There exists unique $q, r \in R[x]$ such that $$f(x) = q(x)g(x) + r(x)$$ with $\deg(r) < \deg(g)$. This is basically the theorem of euclidean division of polynomials. But what happens if the dominant coefficient is not an inversible element of $R$ ? (If the ring is $\mathbb Z$ for example and the dominant coefficient of $g$ is $\neq ±1$.

Is there a division algorithm for polynomials in R[x], where R is a commutative ring with unity?    All the algebra books I read mention division algorithm for polynomials in F[x], where F is a field. Since the leading coefficient of a non zero polynomial in R[x] is not necessarily invertible, I find it difficult to proceed the same way we do for polynomials in F[x].  Can I get some help?


I have a server that want to allow connections into it through port 25565, but when I test on  it says they are closed?  I have no outfacing interface configured either  My router has ports 25565 open, and these are my iptables rules  $ iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target     prot opt source               destination          ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:webmin ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:25565            all  --  anywhere             anywhere             state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED  Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target     prot opt source               destination           Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target     prot opt source               destination      Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target     prot opt source               destination          DNAT       tcp  --  anywhere             94.5.56.101          tcp to:192.168.0.8  $ iptables -t nat -L  Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target     prot opt source               destination           Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target     prot opt source               destination           Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target     prot opt source               destination          MASQUERADE  all  --  anywhere             anywhere

I want to run a minecraft server (port 25565) and have it send to my external address for others to play, then to my hostname (I am assuming this is automatic - Do I need a rule for this too?).  But I need to map my ipv4 address (or port 25565) to my external address. I have opened the ports on my router config, so this is all I need. Thanks!


Dear All in attached image how I can put a vertical line with derivative .Any command for this please?

sometimes when writing mathematical expression with partial derivatives, one needs to write a vertical bar afterwards and write the value at the which the partial derivatives are being computed as subscripts. See for example the bottom post here:    However, the \mid symbol doesn't produce a tall bar that corresponds to the size of the partial derivatives term. Is there a way to have a taller bar?   PS: Some other posts here mention \middle| but this doesn't compile on my computer.  Thanks in advance....


About a month ago, when I had less than 3k rep (on stackoverflow) I flagged  as a duplicate, a copy and paste of a previous one by the same author. The flag hasn't been deal with (no problem there, stackoverflow is v busy), and I now have more than 3k rep and I'd like to be able to vote to close, so that it goes into the close queue and gets dealt with by the community.  But when I choose the close option I get "You flagged this question for closure Mar 31 at 19:39". It doesn't seem unreasonable that my flag should be withdrawn and replaced with a vote to close. This isn't just for the situation where a sub 3k user becomes a 3k user: I understand something similar might occur if I'd used up my close votes for the day.

Back in April, I flagged a post as "not a real question".  The post was subsequently closed and reopened, then closed again and finally just reopened a 2nd time a short time ago.  I still firmly believe the post is not acceptable for SO, so I went to use my recently acquired close vote privilege and was greeted with the following messsage:    I specifically clicked close and not flag (and figuring I just clicked in error, I tried again and got the same message).  I do understand that, in the new closing system, flagging for closure is treated very much like a close vote (since it throws it to the close vote queue) except no vote is actually recorded.  My issue is why should by flag be counted as a close vote when I never actually voted to close.


I want to parse this json but this json have no array name or no object name. i need to get id,color,description.   [     {         "id": "mLPjQs-YK5g",         "created_at": "2018-06-20T02:06:38-04:00",         "updated_at": "2018-06-20T10:56:38-04:00",         "width": 4016,         "height": 6016,         "color": "#D7A694",         "description": null     },     {         "id": "HcgDLkDbo7U",         "created_at": "2018-06-20T10:15:12-04:00",         "updated_at": "2018-06-20T10:54:30-04:00",         "width": 3648,         "height": 5472,         "color": "#E1D6DE",         "description": null     } ]

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


I am running ArcMap 10.1. I need to open a .mxd that saved using 10.3, however, I do not have access to 10.3. I tried to execute a python tool that was created using Esri's .   The error that I got was:     Traceback (most recent call last): File   "D:\GIS_data\scripts\mxd_rollback.py", line 14, in   mxd.saveACopy(outloc + os.sep + base, version) File "c:\program files   (x86)\arcgis\desktop10.1\arcpy\arcpy\utils.py", line 181, in fn_   return fn(*args, **kw) File "c:\program files   (x86)\arcgis\desktop10.1\arcpy\arcpy_mapping.py", line 826, in   saveACopy self._arc_object.saveACopy(file_name, version)   AttributeError: MapDocObject: Unable to save. Check to make sure you   have write access to the specified file and that there is enough space   on the storage device to hold your document.      Failed to execute (ConvertMXDs).   Following is a copy of the script that I executed:   import arcpy, sys, os, string   mxdList = string.split(arcpy.GetParameterAsText(0), ";")  outloc = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(1) version = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(2)  suffix = "_"+ version.replace(".", "")  for item in mxdList:      item = item.strip('\'')      mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument(item)      base = os.path.basename(item)      base = os.path.splitext(base)[0] + suffix + os.path.splitext(base)[1]      mxd.saveACopy(outloc + os.sep + base, version)     arcpy.AddMessage(os.path.basename(item) + " has been converted")

I am running arcmap 10.2.2 but need to open an mxd saved using 10.3. I do not have access to 10.3. I have an arcpy tool which will do the conversion but it is not working from within 10.2.2.   Does anyone know if it is possible to do this from within 10.2.2. I get an error message saying I do not have write access to the file.  The script is as follows:   import arcpy, sys, os, string   mxdList = string.split(arcpy.GetParameterAsText(0), ";")  outloc = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(1) version = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(2)  suffix = "_"+ version.replace(".", "")  for item in mxdList:      item = item.strip('\'')      mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument(item)      base = os.path.basename(item)      base = os.path.splitext(base)[0] + suffix + os.path.splitext(base)[1]      mxd.saveACopy(outloc + os.sep + base, version)     arcpy.AddMessage(os.path.basename(item) + " has been converted")


Is the set of all strings of finite length $\Sigma^*$ from a infinite alphabet $\Sigma$ uncountable?  The usual procedure in these types of proof is that you   list strings of length 1 list strings of length 2 list strings of length 3 .......  .......  ....... and so on   But now even the first line has infinite length so the construction can never stop. What is wrong?

I heard that the set of all strings with countably infinite length in two-element alphabet (such as $ \{ a,b \} $ ) is bijective to $[0,1]$. I wonder why? What is the general conclusion? Thanks!


I have this command  \let\oldhat\hat \renewcommand{\vec}[1]{\boldsymbol{\mathbf{#1}}}   for making bold vectors. And have this commands here  \newcommand{\uvec}[1]{\hat{\textbf{#1}}} \newcommand{\ihat}{\hat{\textbf{\i}}} \newcommand{\jhat}{\hat{\textbf{\j}}} \newcommand{\khat}{\hat{\textbf{k}}}   for making unit vectors from an letters (wich works) and the traditional i,j,k unit vectors.  The problem is that I can't make unit vectors from greek letters with \uvec{}. I can do it with   \hat{\vec{\xi}}   for example, but not with the more comfortable \uvec{}.  How can I do this?

I write unit vectors frequently. Right now, the best thing going for me is to define:  \newcommand{\uvec}[1]{\boldsymbol{\hat{\textbf{#1}}}}   and then do  \uvec{i}, \uvec{j}, and \uvec{k}. I like the results (they're clear enough), but I would prefer no dots for the i and j unit vectors. What's a nice, unified way to get that?  I tried \hat{\textbf{\i}}, and that works ok, as does \hat{\textbf{k}}. The problem is that \hat{\textbf{\j}} doesn't work for me. For some reason, I don't get a j, but some rectangular blob of ink.   \jmath and \imath don't work for me, because I don't want italics but bold-face.   So, to sum up:   Want bold, not italic Want a hat over the unit vector Want no dot for the i or j unit vectors.   How best to get all this? Thanks very much for your time!  Here's a minimum working example:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \newcommand{\uvec}[1]{\boldsymbol{\hat{\textbf{#1}}}} \begin{document} $\uvec{i}, \uvec{j}, \uvec{k}$ \end{document}   Please feel free to suggest the inclusion of other packages.


What is the proof behind the formula $\frac{x^n - a^n}{x-a} = x^{n-1} + x^{n-2}a + x^{n-3}a^3+...+xa^{n-2} + a^{n-1}$  Please help. I don't even know how to begin.

Is there a rule that governs the value of $\frac{x^n-a^n}{x-a}$? For instance $\frac{x^{12}-1}{x-1}$ is equal to $x^{11} + x^{10}... +1$. How is this result obtained? There is no limit over here, so I don't think there is calculus used, also I'm still in a beginner stage in calculus.


I want to be able to change the volume from a range of 0% to 40%. Cap it there permanently.  Sometimes depending on the program I'm running, the audio get resetted resulting in a full blast of 100% volume in my headphones.  I tried using different commands. pactl, pacmd, and sink-volume commands, but nothing came as expected.  Thanks in advance if anyone knows how to do this! Google doesn't give out any solution as I've searched a lot.

Somtimes some sound/movie/music on my Ubuntu_12.04 system is at a very low volume by itself. Henceforth I increase the volume of the sound output. I can use the following setting (see screenshot)   It seems therefore that pulseaudio is able to increase the volume beyond the maximum that appears possible by merely using the "increase-volume" buttons of the machine.  My questions is how I can adjust Pulseaudio to allow a greater range or a higher max volume increasing???  Especially with some audio material that is at a very low volume to start with it would be nice to be able to swiftly increase the output volume (powerup) to a higher setting than maybe necessary to other -already quite loud- material.


For a dsitribution $p(X)$, let $x_1,\ldots,x_n$ be an independent sample of $p(X)$. Consider the one to one transformation $h(\cdot)$ such that $Y = h(X)$. If we apply the transformation to each of the samples  such that $y_1 = h(x_1), \ldots ,y_n = h(x_n)$. Will $y_1,\ldots , y_n$ be a sample of $p(Y)$, or do you have to be more clever and go via inverse transform method to generate a sample from Y?

Is the claim that functions of independent random variables are themselves independent, true?   I have seen that result often used implicitly in some proofs, for example in the proof of independence between the sample mean and the sample variance of a normal distribution, but I have not been able to find justification for it. It seems that some authors take it as given but I am not certain that this is always the case.


I am writing in LaTeX some theorems in which the symbols of Lie Algebras are used. What is the command in LaTeX for the symbol of a Lie algebra g of a Lie group G?

I know what my symbol or character looks like, but I don't know what the command is or which math alphabet it came from. How do I go about finding this out?


What command changes all emerald to white wool? I have tried the /fill command, but that changes all the blocks in the area.

I'd like to be able to select a region (either with a graphical utility or command line) and be able to switch one block type with another, e.g. change all cobblestone in the region to stone. Does a program/mod exist that can do this?


Using , the error function is used for the indefinite integral, and then $\operatorname{erf}(\infty)=1$ and $\operatorname{erf}(\infty)=-1$ gives the answer $\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{\sqrt{2a}}$. Is there another way to solve the definite integral, or do you need to use the error function to solve this?

Consider the following Gaussian Integral $$I = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2} \ dx$$  The usual trick to calculate this is to consider $$I^2 = \left(\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2} \ dx \right) \left(\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-y^{2}} \ dy \right)$$  and convert to polar coordinates. We get $\sqrt{\pi}$ as the answer.   Is it possible to get the same answer by considering $I^{3}, I^{4}, \dots, I^{n}$?


Let $\{x_n\}$ be a sequence defined by $x_1 = 3, x_{n+1} = \frac{1}{4-x_n}$, for n $\geq 1$. prove it converges  (a) Prove that $\{x_n\}$ is decreasing and bounded (below by $0$ and above by $4$), i.e., prove that $0 < x_{n+1} < x_n < 4$, for all $n \in \mathbb N$.  (b) Does $\{x_n\}$ converge or diverge? Justify    My attempt: (Could someone check)  Claim: $\{x_n\}$ is bounded below 0 and bounded above by 4 (1), $\{x_n\}$ is strictly decreasing (2), for all $n \in \mathbb N$  Proof of (1)  WTS: $0 < x_n < 4, \forall n \in \mathbb N$  Since the function is not continuous at x = 4 I will find its limit for a better bound  $$x_n = \frac{1}{4-x_n} \leftrightarrow \left(x_{n} - \frac{4-\sqrt{12}}{2}\right)\left(x_n - \frac{4+\sqrt{12}}{2}\right)$$  Since the function is decreasing this will be the new bound $$0 < x_n < \frac{4-\sqrt{12}}{2}$$  I will prove this by induction:  Base case (n=1)   0 < 3 < $\frac{4-\sqrt{12}}{2} < 4$ holds  Inductive hypothesis: Let $k \in \mathbb N$ be arbitrary. Assume $0 < a_k < \frac{4-\sqrt{12}}{2}$  Inductive step: $\forall k \in \mathbb N$, $0 < a_k < \frac{4-\sqrt{12}}{2} \to 0 < a_{k+1} < \frac{4-\sqrt{12}}{2}$  $$a_{k+1} = \frac{1}{4-x_n} \text{ By definition}$$  $$< \frac{1}{4-\frac{4-\sqrt{12}}{2}} \text{ By I.H.}$$  $$= \frac{2}{4-\sqrt{12}}$$  $$= \frac{2(4+\sqrt{12})}{16-12}$$  $$= \frac{4+\sqrt{12}}{2} < 4$$  Now for bounded below  $$a_{k+1} = \frac{1}{4-x_n} \text{ By def}$$  $$> \frac{1}{4-0} \text{ By I.H.}$$  $$> 0$$  Therefore by induction $0 < x_n < \frac{4-\sqrt{12}}{2} < 4, \forall n \in \mathbb N$  Proof of (2)  WTS: $x_{n} > x_{n+1}, \forall n \in \mathbb N$  $$x_n > x_{n+1}$$  $$\leftrightarrow x_n > \frac{1}{4-x_n} \text{ By definition}$$  $$\leftrightarrow 0 > \left(x_{n} - \frac{4-\sqrt{12}}{2}\right)\left(x_n - \frac{4+\sqrt{12}}{2}\right)$$  By 1 we know that the first one is > 0 and the second < 0. Then (+)(-) = - < 0  Therefore it is decreasing. For (b) by the bounded monotone convergence theorem we know that this converges since it is bounded below and strictly decreasing.   Is this right?  I think I did the choosing the limit part wrong. If its decreasing I choose the smaller one as the upperbound right?

If $x_1 = 3$, $x_{n+1} = \dfrac{1}{4-x_n}$ for $n \geq 1$, prove the sequence is decreasing and bounded below by $0$, above by $4$.  Want to show: $0 < x_{n+1} < x_n < 4$  I decided to do the bounded part first.    Base Case, $n=1$  $0 < 3 < 4$ [works]  IH  Suppose $0 < x_k < 4$, for some $k\in\mathbb{N}$  IS  Show $0 < x_{k+1} < 4$  We know $x_{k+1} = \dfrac{1}{4-x_k}$  We also know that $0 < x_k < 4$, by IH.  So we have:  $$\dfrac{1}{4} < x_{k+1} < \infty$$  But this doesn't show the boundness. Where have I went wrong?


I have submitted all proof including CA certificate for fund into my parent's bank account.  Fund in my parent's account was deposited by me two years ago and I have provided proof in second application. They mentioned in first rejection letter about this fund. The proof of funds in my brother and sister in law’s account was explained in the letter and supported by tax return.  I am planning for JRS.

Over the course of time here on TSE, I have observed individuals whose pattern of visa applications is best described as ''...     serial refusals - Two or more consecutive visa refusals issued by the same regime to the same person. Commonly for the same, or nearly the same, reasons. In some visa regimes Serial refusals can have a cumulative effect wherein the applicant's credibility is increasingly eroded, especially when the application pattern suggests a secondary agenda.   A common thread appears to be the need to visit the destination country (especially Schengen, the USA, or the UK) with a special sense of urgency. Also common in these cases are the following types of questions...   Should I just reapply once again? What are my chances? What can I do to improve my odds in the future? Can I somehow address the previous refusals to avoid them being a burden on all future applications? How can I break the pattern?      NB: This question is intended as a canonical about serial refusals. I have never been personally denied a visa.


I'm just trying to handle this problem but juggling here and there.  import java.io.*; import java.util.*;  public class file{   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);     Scanner sc=null;     int count=0,uwords=0;     File folder = new File("<folder path>");// The collection of files     File[] listOfFiles = folder.listFiles();     HashMap<String,Integer> words_fre = new HashMap<String,Integer>();      FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("abc.txt");     //ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<String>();  for (File file : listOfFiles) {      if (file.isFile()) {         //System.out.println(file.getName());      try{       sc=new Scanner(/*new BufferedReader(new File*/(file));        //sc.useDelimiter("\\W");          while(sc.hasNext()){         String s = sc.next().toString();                      s = s.replaceAll("\\<.*?>","");                       count++; // words count                         if(words_fre.containsKey(s))                             {                                  int a = words_fre.get(s);                                  words_fre.put(s,a+1);                                        }                        else {                             words_fre.put(s,1);                             uwords++; // unique words count                            }             }        Object[] key =   words_fre.keySet().toArray();              Arrays.sort(key);             for (int i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {             //System.out.println(key[i]+"= "+words_fre.get(key[i]));           fw.write(key[i]+" : "+words_fre.get(key[i]) +"\n");          }          }catch(IOException e)             {                   System.out.println(e);              }    }         }            /*System.out.println("Total Words = "+count);              System.out.println("Unique Words = "+words_fre.size());*/             fw.write("Total Words = "+count+"\n");             fw.write("Unique Words = "+words_fre.size());                    fw.close();  } }    So basically my output something like that   eg.-     : 3     16800 : 1     23-12-2010 : 1     7 : 1     6 : 2      8वीं : 2      अंशु : 1      अधिकतर : 2      अन्य : 1      अपने : 1      हो। : 1      ॥ : 1     : 3  I need also remove in bracket  first entry [: 3 ] and second last [ ||: 1 ] and last one [:3 ]

I want to resolve merge conflicts in my Git repository. How to do that ?


Let $f:R^{+}\to R$ and such foy any $x,y>0$ have $$f(\frac{x+y}{2})+f(\frac{2xy}{x+y})=f(x)+f(y)$$ show that $$2f(\sqrt{xy})=f(x)+f(y),\forall x,y>0$$  I find this result surprising because the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, the harmonic mean all appear in this function,But I can't prove it,Thanks

Prove that if the function $f$ is defined on the set of positive real numbers, its values are real, and $f$ satisfies the equation $$f\left( \frac{x+y}{2}\right) + f\left(\frac{2xy}{x+y} \right) =f(x)+f(y)$$ for all positive $x,y$, then $$2f(\sqrt{xy})=f(x)+f(y)$$ for every pair $x,y$ of positive numbers.    Source: Miklos Schweitzer Memorial Competition 2001    I can see how the repeated application of the functional equation condition upon itself forms a bound, but how can I formally prove this?


This is the 2nd washing machine that has this problem.  I have seen all the previous answers and non of them correct me problem.  The water drains out fine, it just will not spin, I have to manually turn the dial to  it works.

My washing machine will get stuck right before the rinse cycle. The washing machine will be full of water. The way to "fix it" is to twist the knob right after the "rinse" line, find the sweet spot, and pull the knob out. It can take 10+ tries to find this sweet spot and seems to have no rhyme or reason.  I've read online that this might be a drainage problem, but I'm not sure that is the case here. I'm basing that off of the fact that allowing time to pass doesn't increase the likelihood of hitting the sweet spot.  Anything I can check? As the pictures show this is a Whirlpool Ultimate Care II


When I run sudo apt install top, I get E: Unable to locate package top  I searched  for  package on 32 bit Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, but there is none.   I wonder if it's correct or I'm missing something.

Simple enough question: is there some shell command (or GUI method) I can use that, given the path to a file on my system, tells me what package put it there? Assuming the file did in fact come from a package, that is.  Bonus question: what if it's a file that isn't installed on my system? Is there, say, a website that will let me look up a file and see what packages, if any, provide it?


I was new in using t-test I got p-value 2.6293E-109 is this statistically significant how to represent in article results

After taking a statistics course and then trying to help fellow students, I noticed one subject that inspires much head-desk banging is interpreting the results of statistical hypothesis tests.  It seems that students easily learn how to perform the calculations required by a given test but get hung up on interpreting the results.  Many computerized tools report test results in terms of "p values" or "t values".  How would you explain the following points to college students taking their first course in statistics:   What does a "p-value" mean in relation to the hypothesis being tested?  Are there cases when one should be looking for a high p-value or a low p-value? What is the relationship between a p-value and a t-value?


I designed a table to display a set of data, some take up a lot of space, and the table contains many columns .. Because of that I had no space to display the rest of the columns

We're building a web-based platform where the main dashboard shows a table of data for users to view and analyze. As we're growing this tool, we seem to be adding more and more columns and are running out of horizontal space on smaller screen resolutions (we're seeing some data wrap). It is important to the user to view all columns at once, so column hiding is somewhat out of the question, as is horizontal scrolling (per the boss's request and because horizontal scrolling sucks anyways). I was wondering if anyone knew of a clever UI for tables with many columns.  EDIT  Below is a screen capture of the layout of the table. Unfortunately for security purposes I had to blur out the column titles. This example has rows with practically no data in them, but in use they will have lots of data that will expand wider than their respective column titles. In response to some of the answers, it is imperative that the user see all the columns, as they are all necessary to analyze the data to make certain decisions. All the data is numeric aside from the first three columns. Thanks again for any feedback.    Ok so I see that uploading this image doesn't really do it justice... it takes up the full width of the screen at 1680x1050 resolution (22") and as data fills in the columns, the left column w/the text shrinks down a bit.  EDIT 2 I just wanted to say thank you to everyone's awesome ideas. I can only select one answer, but a lot of your ideas have proven very useful and may end up in the final product. Thanks again!


Often, while browsing the Internet, I come across something in reference to Lord of the Rings and on googling it, it's something that I don't know about. I've seen the movies and am currently reading The Hobbit.  I was wondering about are there any other publication out there written or otherwise? If yes, could you be please be so kind as to help me with the chronological order of them.  The ones that I'm aware of are The Silmarillion, The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings trilogy books (and the movies of course).  EDIT:  Yes, the answers  cover a lot about the query. But it seems like the content of the mentioned publication is mostly about Middle Earth. I was hoping to know not just about the publications related to The Lord Of the Rings, rathar more about the history of other landmasses and other peoples. For Example: today I came across , . Having not read all the known (to me) publications I wasnt sure whether how much of these and other things, that I'm not aware of, are covered.  Thanks to DevSolar, for mentioning Unfinished Tales of Middle-Earth. Not sure if these publication are the all that cover the full extent of the matter.

Every time that I see a question here about Lord of the Rings, people talk about different ages and an extensive knowledge of characters that had no place in the story of the Lord of the Rings. Most of this information seems to be related to a time long before the events of Lord of the Rings took place.  Where is all of this coming from? What are all of the stories that connect to The Lord of the Rings?


1.9 added a set of glider wings for us to use. Now that I have an elytra, how do I use it?

Why do my Elytra Wings only work intermittently?  I do not forget to jump, but when I switch to Survival and then back to Creative, they won't activate whatsoever. Any help is much appreciated. Thanks.


I am trying to say the following:     I went to a birthday party. That birthday party was for my son's   friend.   What possessive form should I use if I want to write it using the 's form?     My son's friend's birthday party   or     My son's friend birthday party   I know that this gets overly complicated and I am planning to use the initial, long form, but I am now curious to know what should be the correct way.

Let's imagine the following situation:  My mom has a boyfriend and her boyfriend has a car.  I borrowed this car and I want to tell another person who is the owner of this car, I believe I have to use 's twice in this sentence:     This is my mom's boyfriend's car.   Honestly I think that this is correct, but I am unsure if I can use the 's twice or more in this sentence, is this correct? Could I go even further than that?     This is my mom's boyfriend's brother's car.   Thanks a lot!


I have a Python script that I have made to some basic data management tasks.  I want to package up a Python script in a nice user friendly way for an end user to run, they do not know how to run Python scripts and I need them to input some parameters in an easy way i.e. say a filename.  What is the best way to do this?

I have a python script in ArcGIS 10 that when clicked, has a popup for a user to choose parameters. I would like to send this file to someone else. While I could send them the python code and have them setup the parameters - this method repeats work I have already done.   I would like to send someone one file that contains all of this information so they can just recieve my file, add it to a toolbox, and then have it all work. I am wondering where the file resides that has both the python code and parameters / what is the export process/ file type I should be looking at? (All the searches I do for "export script" seem to refer to exporting a model to python code...)


When I use range in setmathfont, I'm seeing an unexpected space showing up in various cases. Here's my distilled MWE:  \documentclass[varwidth, border = 0.2in]{standalone} \usepackage{array} \usepackage{mathtools} \usepackage{unicode-math} \DeclarePairedDelimiter {\set} {\{} {\}}  \begin{document} \centering\large  \setmathfont{TeX Gyre Pagella Math} % Correct \begin{tabular}{>$c<$}   \set{2, 3} \\   \set[\big]{2, 3} \end{tabular}  \smallskip \setmathfont{TeX Gyre Pagella Math} \setmathfont[range={cal}]{Latin Modern Math} % Incorrect -- extra space on the second line after the brace. \begin{tabular}{>$c<$}   \set{2, 3} \\   \set[\big]{2, 3} \end{tabular} \end{document}   The result is below — note the extra space after the brace in the 4th line.    The only difference is the addition of \setmathfont[range={cal}]{Latin Modern Math}. Unless I'm misunderstanding, that should have no effect in this case since we're not displaying anything using \mathcal.  BTW, unlike other similar questions, I'm not using LuaTeX.

I'm using Latin Modern Math as math font but, since I don't like the blackboard bold letters that come with it, I replace them with the ones from TeX Gyre Termes Math. I believe to achieve this, the following is correct  \usepackage{unicode-math} \setmainfont{Latin Modern Roman} \setmathfont{Latin Modern Math} \setmathfont{TeX Gyre Termes Math}[range=bb] % blackboard letters   Unfortunately the last line also introduces white space after \big* delimiters:    Compare with:    Any idea why this is happening?  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts} \usepackage{unicode-math} \setmainfont{Latin Modern Roman} \setmathfont{Latin Modern Math} \setmathfont{TeX Gyre Termes Math}[range=bb] % blackboard letters \begin{document}  \[ \Bigl(\frac{d\symbf\varphi}{d\symbf\theta}\Bigr)^{\top} \frac{d\eta}{d\mu} \quad \mathbb{R}^2 \]  \end{document}


recently I was working with a thermographic camera and it physical backgrounds.  As far as I understood the thermal radiation is not visible for a human eye (e.g. you can't tell if a coffee is warm or cold from looking at it [ignoring steam that is may present])  But if something gets really high temperature it starts glowing (e.g. some kind of metal).   Why can a human see this glowing? So why is a decent heat not visible while a lot heat is visible?

The resources that I've checked out seem to say thermal radiation only occurs in the infrared and visible spectrum. For example my heat transfer textbook and the Wikipedia page on .  In my mind thermal radiation is just energy emitted as a result of internal collisions from temperature. So, since temperature can range from 0K to huge numbers, I would think you would have a similar range of emitted energies. So then thermal radiation could occur throughout the whole of the electromagnetic spectrum.


Consider the ring $\Bbb Z[x]$.  Does there exist a maximal ideal $M$ such that  $\Bbb Z[x] /M \simeq \Bbb Q$ ?  I don't think so, because $\Bbb Z[x]$ is not field.

I want to prove that there is no ideal $I$ in $\mathbb{Z}[t]$ such that $\mathbb{Z}[t]/I \cong \mathbb{Q}.$    The first part of the question asks us to show that if $\phi$ is a nonzero ring homomorphism from $\mathbb{Z}[t]$ to $\mathbb{Q},$ then $\phi(1)=1.$ Further, letting $\phi(t)=u/v$ in lowest terms, it asks me to show that $m/n\in \mathbb{Q}$ (where $m$ and $n$ are coprime) is in the image of $\phi$ if and only if every prime divisor of $n$ divides $v.$ I proved this, but I'm not sure how this allows me to prove that there is no ideal $I$ in $\mathbb{Z}[t]$ such that $\mathbb{Z}[t]/I \cong \mathbb{Q}.$ Any hints please?


part of my code is as below : output=$(cat databaselog | awk '{print $9,$1,$2,$6}' ) echo $output >> savedfile  Output will be something like this , saved in a new file called savedfile name1 date1 id1 ip1 name2 date2 id2 ip2 name3 date3 id3 ip3  But i want it to be like this: name1 date1 id1 ip1 name2 date2 id2 ip2 name3 date3 id3 ip3  i know its quite easy , but i cant find the right way to do it , pls help thanks!

The old advice used to be to double-quote any expression involving a $VARIABLE, at least if one wanted it to be interpreted by the shell as one single item, otherwise, any spaces in the content of $VARIABLE would throw off the shell.  I understand, however, that in more recent versions of shells, double-quoting is no longer always needed (at least for the purpose described above).  For instance, in bash:  % FOO='bar baz' % [ $FOO = 'bar baz' ] && echo OK bash: [: too many arguments % [[ $FOO = 'bar baz' ]] && echo OK OK % touch 'bar baz' % ls $FOO ls: cannot access bar: No such file or directory ls: cannot access baz: No such file or directory   In zsh, on the other hand, the same three commands succeed.  Therefore, based on this experiment, it seems that, in bash, one can omit the double quotes inside [[ ... ]], but not inside [ ... ] nor in command-line arguments, whereas, in zsh, the double quotes may be omitted in all these cases.  But inferring general rules from anecdotal examples like the above is a chancy proposition.  It would be nice to see a summary of when double-quoting is necessary.  I'm primarily interested in zsh, bash, and /bin/sh.


On my very first post to any SE site today, I was blocked by the "You can only post once every 40 minutes" message. I haven't posted to any SE site in at least 24 hours.  I have read  and other linked duplicates, but they explain that posting on any SE site starts the timer.

I have never posted on the  yet.  I just wrote my first question, but when I click "Post Your Question", I get "You can only post once every 40 minutes."  I haven't posted any question today on any Stack Exchange site.  I tried to report this on the , but I got the same issue.  Let's try here...


How do I see that any field automorphism of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ is continuous?

Is an automorphism of the field $\mathbb{Q}_p$ of $p$-adic numbers the identity map? If yes, how can we prove it?  Note:We don't assume an automorphism of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ is continuous.


I just bought a new mac book pro.  I am pretty sure I transferred my apps from my iPad to my mac book pro.  How do I open the apps now in my new mac book pro?  I can see all my apps in the iTunes library but when I double click on them, nothing happens.  Any help is appreciated.  Thank you

I bought many iOS Apps on various iPads and iPod touchs. This Wednesday I will have my first Mac, a Mac Mini, so my question is: Will I be able to download these Apps without any charge, if they are available on Mac Store?  I ask this because I have been watching some videos and have seen GarageBand on the Mac but I don't know if it's the same App. I know that the App Store and Mac Store are different, but, like some Apps on AppStore have a plus symbol on their icons corners saying these Apps can be run on iPad, iPod touch and iPhone I wonder whether there will be some Apps for both iOS and the Mac.  Also, I don't know if GarageBand was released on Mac before iOS devices.


I was motion tracking a scene, after I clicked on setup tracking scene, I went to my previous saved file, which was before I clicked and on setup tracking scene, but when I came back my scene was gone, but markers remained.. and I could still play the video, but no image was showing. Also, you can see at the bottom that the video is here "scene 16-.mp4", but dunno it just disappeared.  Do you guys know what happened, or how it could be fixed?  Thanks

I've recently reformatted my PC, and once I reinstalled and loaded my Blender file back up, the trackers were still there, but the footage wasn't. I tried to reload the sequence back up, but now that the footage is there, the trackers aren't. Though they do appear in the camera's view in Object Mode. How do I go about reasigning those trackers to the footage?  Thanks


I have a Thermapen meat thermometer that I use for precise temperature measurement. Although it's easy to read and fast, I'm not exactly sure how to take readings.  With a large piece of meat with consistent temperature throughout its quite easy, like a braise or meat in a stew. I am having trouble with burgers though, they are much thinner, and the temperature is very inconsistent, so it's difficult to know whether it has reached medium rare or medium or whatever.

I have two meat thermometers. I bought a second one because I thought the first one was resulting in overcooked meat, however the new one is doing the same! They are both standard metal prong 'analog style' with a needle.  An example - cooking chicken breast. The thermometer says the temperature must reach 77 degrees Celsius. I cooked it for a short time in a griddle pan first and then put the pan in the oven. The temperature hung around 71 degrees and when it didn't seem to be getting any higher and I felt it was overcooking I pulled it out. Sure enough, overcooked!  How can I use a meat thermometer to cook meat correctly?


I am trying to add an image to my JOptionPane and I have been piecing things together to see if it will work but I am getting a NullPointerException  Here is my code:  public class MonitoringSystem {  public static void main(String[] a) throws IOException, UnSupportedLookAndFeelException{  FileInputStream fileBytesStream = null; Scanner inFS = null; { { try{  UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());             } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException |     IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {             }  ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(MonitoringSystem.class.getResource        ("C:\\Users\\Zoltek\\Desktop\\Zoo.jpg"));  Object[] options = {"Animals","Habitats","Exit"}; int n = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null,         "Zookeepers would you like to view animal activities or monitor        habitats?",         "Welcome to the Brooklyn Zoo!",         JOptionPane.YES_NO_CANCEL_OPTION,         icon,         options,         options[1]);    System.out.println(n);    JFrame animal = new JFrame("Animals");   JFrame habitat = new JFrame("Habitats");   if(n==0){    animal.setVisible(true);  String[] choices = {"Lions","Bears","Giraffes"}; String input = (String) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Select  Animal:","Zoo Animals", JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE,null,choices,choices[1]);

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


I am using JabRef to create the bibliography. I added all the entries, generated the required key for each entry and saved the entries in a file named refs.bib. I want to add the references/bibliography I created in my document, so I used the following commands:  \begin{thebibliography}{1} \bibliography{refs.bib} \end{thebibliography}   When I compile the code, I get empty pages despite refs.bib contains data. Please let me know how to correctly use the JabRef file in LaTeX.  Note: the refs.bib file is located in the same directory of the LaTeX document

Is there a 'biblatex in a nutshell' guide out there? I'd like if someone explained to me the essentials on how to use biblatex (what lines I have to write in my document, which files I have to have, how many times and what I have to compile), so then I can go to  to customise it further.


I'm having trouble to correctly finish my bibliography. In the website's region, I cannot place the url correctly. Can anyone help me out? I've search some questions, but I wasn't able to get the answer...  \documentclass[a4paper,twoside,11pt,openright]{report} \begin{document} \bookmarksetup{startatroot} \addtocontents{toc}{\bigskip} \phantomsection     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}     \begin{singlespace}         \bstctlcite{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol} \bibliographystyle{ieeetr}         \bibliography{References}                                \end{singlespace} \end{document   Reference example:  @ONLINE{Asus:Online, title = {ASUS “Xtion PRO LIVE”. }, month = April, year = {2014}, url = {http://www.asus.com/Multimedia/Xtion_PRO_LIVE/#specifications;} }   and the result is..

I'm looking to cite a number of web pages using bibtex and I was wondering if there was a specific template of the form @<template name here> for doing that. If you could use the following website as an example that would be great


I'm new to Python and I want to remove and replace the ({ / / }) with space, the sample below  The original sentence:  NULL ({ / / }) Regina ({ 4 p1 p2 / / }) Shueller ({ 5 p1 p2 / / }) works ({ / / }) for ({ / / }) Italy ({ 14 / / }) 's ({ 15 / / }) La ({ 16 / / }) Repubblica ({ 17 / / }) newspaper ({ 18 / / }) . ({ 38 / / })   Transform to this:  Regina Shueller works for Italy 's La Repubblica newspaper.   I've tried this code but that was not what I expected  Sentence = re.sub(r'[({ / / })]',' ', sentence)

I don't really understand regular expressions.  Can you explain them to me in an easy-to-follow manner?  If there are any online tools or books, could you also link to them?


This is equation 2.10 from the book Elements of Statistical Learning:  $$ E[(Y-f(X))^2] = \int (y-f(X))^2Pr(dx,dy) $$  $X$ is a real valued random input vector and $Y$ is a real valued random output. $X$ and $Y$ have joint distribution $Pr(X,Y)$. $f(X)$ is an approximation of $Y$ for a given $X$.  I am confused by the $dx$ and $dy$ within $Pr$ in the integral. Does $Pr(dx,dy)$ mean the probability of $X$ and $Y$ lying in the $dx$ and $dy$ ranges, respectively?   Is the integral equivalent to $$ E[(Y-f(X))^2] = \int (y-f(X))^2 p(x,y) dx,dy $$ where $p(x,y)$ is the joint pdf of $X$ and $Y$?

The book  (page 18) defines the expected value of prediction error as \begin{align}  \operatorname{EPE}(f) &= \operatorname E(Y - f(X))^2\\  & = \int [y - f(x)]^2 \Pr(dx, dy) \end{align} Why is it like above? Why not as below to be consistent with any expected value definition? $$ \operatorname{EPE}(f) = E(Y - f(x))^2 = \iint  [y - f(x)]^2  \Pr(x,y) d(x) d(y)$$ What does $\Pr(dx, dy)$ even mean?


In GIMP, when I use "Color to Alpha" to remove the dull blue background of this image:    It removes some blue from the entire image, so most of the image looks slightly transparent:   How can I stop this so that only "the dull blue" is removed?

I have an image where the background is white and there are various important components that are also white. I want to just change the background to alpha, but "Colors to Alpha" - by default - changes all the white to alpha.  Please help and thank you!


I read this story in some short-stories collection I borrowed from a library many years ago. Maybe it was Hugo or Nebula award winner or runner-up (Yes, I tried to look at the titles of Hugo and Nebula winners and runners up - but to no avail).  It's about a scientist who creates (or modify) a 'race' of small creatures with very short life-spans. With the passing of time (due to the different evolutionary timescale), the race evolves and becomes technologically advanced. I believe the name of this race was "Noetherics" or something like that. The scientist is perceived as a god and - IIRC - this was due to the fact that he instilled the idea by means of a reward/punishment mechanism during the early stages of evolution. What I remember is that toward the end of the story...  SPOILER ALERT     ! the scientist is in danger because his fellow humans think he has too much power and so, very graciously, they decided to nuke the little island where he lives and has his lab. He can only transmit a short message to the creatures: "Gimme shelter!" when he believes it's already too late and...   ... the creatures build a machine that projects a force field (a dome?) all around the island, making it impermeable to missile attack.   Does all this ring a bell?

My dad has been trying to find the title of a short story for ages. According to him, the story goes like this:  A scientist who works on an island manages to create a miniature population with whom he can communicate. As time is proportional to their size, it goes way faster for them than the scientist, which allows the creatures to be able to make inventions humans can't yet.   The scientist, whom the creatures worship as a God, starts asking them to reveal how to make these inventions humans are unable to create. At one point, his miniature people end up developing the transport of wireless energy.  Because of the industrial lobby of the human world, the scientist and his people are under a death threat. He asks the creatures to develop the absolute protection, which they do, but this stops the communication between the scientist and his people. He can only see a grey dome in his microscope.   At the last moment, as missiles have been fired towards the island, a breach opens in the dome. The scientist gets a message from his creatures: they ask for forgiveness as they were not able to reach him anymore until then. He responds that if they want to be forgiven, they must amplify the action of the dome.  In the end, the whole island is covered with an indestructible grey dome that no one can see through.  Some parts might be added by my dad's imagination but if you find anything similar to this plot, we would be really grateful!


How do I disable utilities manager in windows ? I can not use computer to type anything    I am using Chrome but this doesn't work on explorer either

How do I disable the Windows + U hotkey in Windows XP? Alternatively, how do I stop the utility manager from being active? The two are related. The utilty manager is currently providing a potential security hole and I need to remove it[1]. The system I'm developing uses a custom Gina to log in and start a custom shell. This removes most Windows Key hotkeys but the Win + U still pops up the manager app.  Update:  Things I've tried and don't work:   NoWinKeys registry setting - this only affects explorer hotkeys; Renaming utilman.exe - program reappears next login; Third party software - not really an option, these machines are audited by the clients and additional, third party software would be unlikely to be accepted.   Also, the proedure needs to be reasonably straightforward - this has to be done by field service engineers to existing machines (machines currently in Russia, Holland, France, Spain, Ireland and USA).  [1] The hole is via the internet options in the help viewer the utility app links to.


I have always pronounced the word "twenty" as "twen·tee" and taught my daughter accordingly. But she told me that her pre-kindergarten teacher pronounced it as "twen·nee", making the second "t" silent. Which pronunciation is correct? Do we ever have a silent "t" in similar situations?

Well, I usually say "twenny" instead of "twenty" (not "twendy" even). I recently noticed that I never heard the same from any native english speakers during any talks I ever had with them.  Recently I had a brief search on the 'net and it seems that it is somehow okay to say "twenny", but it might look the least correct pronunciation for most of the people, or they might think you have strange accent, etc.  So, my question is, is there any good reference which clearly proves saying "twenny" instead of "twenty" is totally correct or wrong?  P.S. You're most welcome to write your very personal opinion if you don't know any good references.  Update  I've already looked at the major dictionaries and didn't find any of them lists "twenny" in their pronunciation's section, however I'm sure that I didn't made that up, but I heard that while ago. Maybe in a movie, maybe from someone, and that's why I'm looking for the answer.


How do virtual particles such as photons cause a force between particles such as an attraction between protons and electrons?

I understand, in basic terms, how a photon, whilst not being electrically charged itself, is viewed as creating electrical repulsion by means of positive momomentum transfer between two negatively charged electrons.  In most introductory quantum mechanics and basic quantum field theory textbooks this repulsive momementum transfer picture is almost always used as a (in classical terms) billiard ball type illustration for electrical repulsion, the Compton effect and so on.  As a photon is a photon is a photon..... I would like to know how it also has the ability to produce atttraction and how negative momentum transfer (such as that between a positively charged object, say a positron and an electron) is explained in any sort of visualisable picture. I'm guessing this may involve Feymann diagrams and the use of time reversal but I'm on shaky ground from there on.


It is being surprisingly hard to achieve. I've tried so far:   Download file manager apps from Google Play. Unfortunately, "share" shares the files, not the file names. None of them had a option like copy file names Download backup apps. Unfortunately, none of them backup the file names of a folder.   Any idea to copy to the clipboard or share the file names of all the files of a folder?


In relation to , I found out it's possible to have two loading symbols when refreshing the page.  What I did was:    Click the Feed menu from the left bar, and  Quickly pull down to refresh

As seen in the screenshot below:   left: triggered by clicking the Feed menu at the left bar right: triggered by Pull to Refresh in the feed


In answers to , it is indicated that the keywords and, or, and not are, in fact, keywords that are defined as part of the C++ language (but without specifically stating C++11).  In Visual Studio 2013, I am attempting to build pre-existing code (known to build on Linux) which uses the or keyword (if (A_ or B_) {...}, where A_ and B_ are properly defined), and the following compiler error is generated:     error C2065: 'or' : undeclared identifier   From  for Visual Studio 2013, or is not listed.  I would like confirmation that the and, or, and not keywords are not supported in Visual Studio 2013.  (The alternative is that I am missing either an #include file, or a required compiler setting.)

I've just read this  from Reddit.  They mention and and or being "Alternative Tokens" to && and ||  I was really unaware of these until now. Of course, everybody knows about the , but and and or? Since when? Is this a recent addition to the standard?  I've just checked it with Visual C++ 2008 and it doesn't seem to recognize these as anything other than a syntax error. What's going on?


I have Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit and I am new to Ubuntu, I noticed if I put a DVD into my DVD drive it will not play. Is there something I can download that can let me watch DVDs.

My machine can't play encrypted DVDs on a fresh install.  How do I add this capability?  Another useful bit of information would be what programs are best for playing DVDs, once I'm able to do so.  See the .  Will I be able to play DVD movies from ?


All I made up in my mind about light beeing a wave  traveling at vertain speed, made me thing of it like something we could store in tehory.  So I would assume if I had a box where the inside is made up completly with mirrors, when sending light in and closing the box, this light would keep traveling inside the box, beeing reflected by the mirrors untill we release it again.  But afaik this isn't the way it is. So how does it come? Why isn't light working this way?

For what longest possible time it was possible to hold light in a closed volume with mirrored walls?   I would be most interested for results with empty volume but results with solid-state volume may be also interesting.


I was listening to Ben Long videos and he was saying a safe value for shutter speed is 1/focal length So if I have a 35mm prime 1.8 lens, does that mean 1/35 = 0.02 so in my camera panel do the values of shutter speed start as milliseconds? so if it is 20 it means 0.02?

I am very new to photography and am trying to grasp the basics of it these days. Can someone please help me understand the relationship between focal length of a lens and shutter speed of camera?


We want to run our applications ( process )  only on the first 6 CPUs. We have a RHEL machine. We have physical DELL machine with total 12 cores (from lscpu) Is it possible to assign the process to use only the first 6 cores? Or other approach that mask the last 6 cores , so we can actually use only the first 6 cores , or decommission the last 6 cores , NOTE: the real reason for that is because we are pay licence per CORE and if we can use half of the total cores , then we can pay only half of the price

How can I set the processor affinity of a process on Linux?


Basically, I am writing an addon for a Minecraft mod called Aura Cascade.  Aura Cascade adds aura (as the name suggests), which comes in different colors. I wanted to add some colors of aura, but the valid colors are defined in an enum like this:  public enum EnumAura{WHITE,BLACK,RED,ORANGE,YELLOW,GREEN,BLUE,PURPLE}   How would I add values to EnumAura at runtime?  To clarify, all of my code must run after Aura Cascade is initialized.

It is possible to add and remove elements from an enum in Java at runtime?  For example, could I read in the labels and constructor arguments of an enum from a file?    @saua, it's just a question of whether it can be done out of interest really. I was hoping there'd be some neat way of altering the running bytecode, maybe using  or something. I've also followed up with  because I realised I wasn't totally sure when an enum should be used.  I'm pretty convinced that the right answer would be to use a collection that ensured uniqueness instead of an enum if I want to be able to alter the contents safely at runtime.


I am travelling to USA from India and I have two layovers in Germany (Frankfurt and Dusseldorf). Do I need a transit visa or a Schengen visa?   Will I be exempted from Schengen visa, since I hold a valid f1 visa?

I am a Indian citizen in the United States on a F-1 visa.  For the summer break, I am traveling (round-trip) from Chicago to New Delhi via Dusseldorf-Frankfurt by Lufthansa airlines. My onward Journey would be on July - 8 and return Journey on Aug - 11.  My layover will be of 1 hour 10 mins in Frankfurt and 3 hours in Dusseldorf.  I would like to know if I require Category A or Category B Visa. If not, what type of visa do I require for the Schengen visa for my transit. How I can apply for the same?  I tried to find slots in German consulate but all slots are full before my departure date. If I don't get the Schengen visa, I cannot travel and will loose all the fare (since my ticket is a non-refundable ticket). Is there any other way I can tackle this situation.


It was about a girl who had been able to charm several dragon-like creatures, which had been believed to be impossible. Most people hadn't even believed that the dragon-like creatures even existed until she had arrived back with a broken hand and several of the creatures following her.  The book also had something to do with music, and was the first of a trilogy. I read it a few years ago but I can't remember the name.

I'm looking for a book that I read as a young teen before 1992.   It was a series.  I don't think it was the Pern series.    The dragons were hatched and the people lived by the sea. The main character was a girl. I want to say she lived in a cave and found a nest of dragons and befriended one.   The cover is in blues and has a dragon flying on front.  I for the life of me can't remember the title or author. It was a small paperback.


I am trying to set up an existing site locally. It seems that Drush cannot find the site. When I run drush cc all, I get this error.     No Drupal site found, only 'drush' cache was cleared.   I think the issue may be with my server configuration. I am using the  module, and I'm not sure how to get it to point to the database.  This is what drush status returns, for your reference:   Drupal version         :  7.41                                               Site URI               :  http://default                                     Database driver        :  mysql                                              Database hostname      :  localhost                                          Database username      :  root                                               Database name          :  quorum                                             PHP executable         :  /usr/local/bin/php                                 PHP configuration      :  /usr/local/etc/php/7.0/php.ini                     PHP OS                 :  Darwin                                             Drush script           :  /usr/local/Cellar/drush/8.1.11/libexec/drush.php   Drush version          :  8.1.11                                             Drush temp directory   :  /tmp                                               Drush configuration    :                                                     Drush alias files      :                                                     Drupal root            :  /Users/Jillian/ideometry/quorum-dev                Drupal Settings File   :  sites/default/settings.php                         Site path              :  sites/default

After much trial and tribulation, I thought I had drush all ready to roar. Much excitement. But then, no joy...  Drush is working. The sites operate fine via MAMP. Regardless, a "drush cc all" command returns:   No Drupal site found, only 'drush' cache was cleared.                                          [warning] 'all' cache was cleared.                                                                       [success]   This question has stumped drupalcon attendees and very experienced developers. Any ideas?  I am on Mac OS 10.9.3 using MAMP (free) Version 3.0.5  Here is my drush status:   Drupal version         :  7.29-dev                                 Site URI               :  http://default                           Database driver        :  mysql                                    Database hostname      :  localhost                                Database username      :  db_user                             Database name          :  db_name                        PHP executable         :  /usr/bin/php                             PHP configuration      :                                           PHP OS                 :  Darwin                                   Drush version          :  7.0-dev                                  Drush temp directory   :  /tmp                                     Drush configuration    :                                           Drush alias files      :                                           Drupal root            :  /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/mysite.dev   Site path              :  sites/default       Have tried executing drush from /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/mysite.dev; from /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/mysite.dev/sites/default; and using drush cc all --uri=http://localhost/mysite.dev  Tried running drush from sites/default. Same result.


Here is the code:   public class OverloadingByObject {     public static void main(String[] args) {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub         Object object = null;         new OverloadingByObject().SayHi(null);         new OverloadingByObject().SayHi(object);     }      public void SayHi(String str) {          System.out.println("String called");     }      public void SayHi(Object obj) {          System.out.println("Object called");     } }   When I am passing null it should call the method of Object. What is the reason it is calling method of String ?

Why does it (apparently) make a difference whether I pass null as an argument directly, or pass an Object that I assigned the value null?  Object testVal = null; test.foo(testVal);    // dispatched to foo(Object) // test.foo(null);    // compilation problem -> "The method foo(String) is ambiguous"     public void foo(String arg) { // More-specific     System.out.println("foo(String)"); }  public void foo(Object arg) { // Generic     System.out.println("foo(Object)"); }   In other words, why is the (commented-out) second call to foo(...) not dispatched to foo(Object)?  Update: I use Java 1.6. I could compile Hemal's code without problems, but mine still doesn't compile. The only difference I see is that Hemal's methods are static while mine are not. But I really don't see why this should make a difference...?  Update 2: Solved. I had another method foo(Runnable) in my class, so the dispatcher couldn't unambiguously select the single most specific method. (See my comment in Hemal's second answer.) Thanks everyone for your help.


I'm trying to think of a term which means that one expends extra effort or materials in making sure that something is done properly, to an almost excessive or extravagant extent.  One good is example  is .  I'd like to think of equivalents which, similarly, don't have a negative connotation - equivalents which imply thoroughness.  'Overzealous', for example, has a similar meaning but implies negative excess.  It could be a word or phrase.    I'd like to use the word or phrase to describe an approach, i.e. 'I did it X way because it was sure to cover everything, a [word or phrase goes here] approach.'    So far, many of the suggestions have been negative in connotation:  Over-designing  Pedantic  Nitpicky  These are all undesirable traits and therefore not what I was looking for. Meticulous is more what I was looking for, but is less suitable when talking about one specific act.  The context is something like:  'It was likely that the necessary part lay between 5-10, but we took all of 1-20 in order to make certain that we got it.'  That is a belt-and-braces approach.

From :   (formal) showing great care and effort in your work synonym: diligent  (formal) working very hard and taking great care that everything is done as well as it can be synonym: diligent  (formal) showing care and effort in your work or duties  These definitions look alike. What they have in common is that these words mean to take care and to put effort into your work. All words are formal. None of these seems to be a proper term in a specific field, e.g. medical, law. I also looked at  to get more details. This adds the connotation of steady and earnest to diligent and unremitting attention and persistent application to assiduous. But in the end, these additional information are again describing an equal thing, i.e., continuously doing your work. The entry on sedulous doesn't add any more content; it refers to diligent and again describes the word with perseverance. From this point (checking dictionaries only), I don't see any difference at all. I continued with a corpora search. From : Diligent is most used in combination with work, effort, research, study but also student, people.  She's a diligent student. His diligent research identified the value of ...  Assiduous is also most used with work, effort, research but not with student, people. Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary entry on  lists student as example though.  He's assiduous in his work. With assiduous attention to detail ...  Sedulous is most used, um, to little results.  has even less content. Merriam-Webster's example is, once again, a student. So, diligent is used most often, followed by assiduous and sedulous is quite rare. All words are formal. All words seem to be usable as an attribute to a person (e.g., student) but also specifying the intense care and effort on work, e.g., a research. I don't see any significant difference in these words, besides frequency. When is a student diligent, assiduous or sedulous? And when is a research diligent, assiduous or sedulous? Or simply: What are the subtle distinctions which aren't represented by dictionaries?


I don't understand how this didn't make a bigger BOOM online.  It is well known in the industry that google does not index AJAX (just google-search "google crawls ajax") and see dozens of articles stating that google does not crawl ajax by default.  There's a whole  thing going on, if you want to help google crawl your AJAX based content (by creating mirror pages for the search engine).  But 4 days ago, .  Now, in their blog post about it Google explains that      Back then, our systems were not able to render and understand pages that use JavaScript to present content to users. [...] Times have changed. Today, as long as you're not blocking Googlebot from crawling your JavaScript or CSS files, we are generally able to render and understand your web pages like modern browsers.   (googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2015/10/deprecating-our-ajax-crawling-scheme.html)  This is BIG and I don't see it getting attention online.  This is also a big f**k-up for me personally.  A couple of years ago I started using AJAX for loading user comments on my website, knowing that google does not crawl ajax.  Now I looked at a couple of my website's pages that are seemingly banned, or over-looked by Google.  And to my surprise, lots of these exact pages contain bad quality content (keyword stuffing etc.) within the comments.  How can one know if his AJAX based content is being crawled?  Using the "Fetch as Google" tool will NOT show the AJAX based content. Also, google-searching for exact phrases that appear in the AJAX based content does not return results.  The whole subject is very confusing.

Does the Google spider knows how to render JavaScript, or only HTML?


I am a beginner.  Here is a shell script I created that resides on a production server. The goal is to refresh my production Drupal content with that found on a staging/test server.  How it works: It shells into a test/staging server, does a mysqldump of my Drupal content database, then SCPs that dump over to a temporary folder in Production. From there, it takes a backup of the current Production Drupal content database (again via mysqldump) and then refreshes the Production content database with the dump from the staging server.  My question: While I know how to write a script to execute the commands, I am unclear on how to implement error checking (for example, checking a return code I guess?) before the next command executes.  #!/bin/bash # # Name: drupal_dump.sh # Developer: Michael Paul # Created: 2014-03-21 # Last updated: 2014-04-28 # Description:  #   1. Remotes into Test server, runs a script to take a dump of Drupal content DB. #   2. Copies (scp) that dump to Prod #   3. Takes backup of current prod Drupal content DB #   4. Overwrites current prod Drupal content DB with the one from Test # #   If needed, issue the following command to restore the production backup: #       mysql -p -u root myDrupalDatabase < path/to/backupfile.sql  REMOTEHOST=xx.xxx.xx.xxx REMOTEUSER=myRemoteUsername DUMPDIR=~/sqldumps DESTDIR=~/incoming BACKUPSDIR=~/backups LOGSDIR=~/logs  TIMESTAMP="`date '+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S'`" DUMPFILE="mysqldump_stage_${TIMESTAMP}.sql" PRODBACKUPFILE="mysqldump_prod_${TIMESTAMP}.sql"  # Remote into Test server, backup Drupal database echo "Creating dump file on Test server..." ssh -i ~/.ssh/myRemoteServer.pem $REMOTEUSER@$REMOTEHOST "mysqldump --routines -u root --password= myDrupalDatabase > $DUMPDIR/$DUMPFILE && exit" echo "Dump file created at $DUMPDIR/$DUMPFILE"  # Copy that dump to Prod echo "Copying Test dump file to $DESTDIR on Prod..." scp -i ~/.ssh/myRemoteServer.pem $REMOTEUSER@$REMOTEHOST:$DUMPDIR/$DUMPFILE $DESTDIR echo "File has been copied to $DESTDIR/$DUMPFILE on Prod."  # Backup current Prod Drupal content DB echo "Backing up current Production Drupal content database..." mysqldump --routines -u root --password=  myDrupalDatabase > $BACKUPSDIR/$PRODBACKUPFILE echo "File backed up as $BACKUPSDIR/$PRODBACKUPFILE"  # Overwrite current Prod Drupal content DB with that taken from Test echo "Updating Production database with content from Test..." mysql -p -u root --password= myDrupalDatabase < $DESTDIR/$DUMPFILE echo "Update complete."

Suppose a shell script (/bin/sh or /bin/bash) contained several commands.  How can I cleanly make the script terminate if any of the commands has a failing exit status?  Obviously, one can use if blocks and/or callbacks, but is there a cleaner, more concise way?  Using && is not really an option either, because the commands can be long, or the script could have non-trivial things like loops and conditionals.


I have this error message (seen below) for every graphic i included in my document.  Backround: I use jabref for citation. because there were an incompability problem i followed the instructions from this  . so i updated my miktex console packages. anyway since then i have a error when compiling. In the PDF the graphics are gone and just the data name is printed. Now i cannot compile anymore.   Sorry i am not an expert. thats why i give all this information. hope anybody can help me!  If you need more information, please let me know! Thanks a lot!  ! Undefined control sequence. \Ginclude@graphics ...\Ginput@path \set@curr@file {#1}\edef \uq@curr@file {\... l.11 \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{img/HOSTlogo} The control sequence at the end of the top line of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.

After updating MiKTeX graphics package on 10/5/19 to version 1.3b (packaged on 10/4/2019 8:11:27 PM), I am unable to compile LaTex files that contain \includegraphics{}.  My system: Windows 10  with MiKTeX 2.9.7200  A minimum working example:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{graphics}  \begin{document}  \begin{figure}    \includegraphics{MC_Antenna_Gain} \end{figure}  \end{document}   The error report   This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.20 (MiKTeX 2.9.7200) entering extended mode (C:/Users/nicrog/Dropbox/T_P_2/Scholar/Grants/Written/EWU_20/Test.tex LaTeX2e <2018-12-01> ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/base\article.cls" Document Class: article 2019/08/27 v1.4j Standard LaTeX document class ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/base\size10.clo")) ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/graphics\graphics.sty" ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/graphics\trig.sty") ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/graphics-cfg\graphics.cfg") ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/graphics-def\pdftex.def")) No file Test.aux. ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/context/base/mkii\supp-pdf.mkii" [Loading MPS to PDF converter (version 2006.09.02).] ) ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/oberdiek\epstopdf-base.sty" ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/generic/oberdiek\infwarerr.sty") ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/oberdiek\grfext.sty" ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/generic/oberdiek\kvdefinekeys.sty" ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/generic/oberdiek\ltxcmds.sty"))) ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/oberdiek\kvoptions.sty" ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/latex/graphics\keyval.sty") ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/generic/oberdiek\kvsetkeys.sty" ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/generic/oberdiek\etexcmds.sty" ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/generic/oberdiek\ifluatex.sty")))) ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/generic/oberdiek\pdftexcmds.sty" ("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex/generic/oberdiek\ifpdf.sty"))) ! Undefined control sequence. \Ginclude@graphics ...\Ginput@path \set@curr@file                                                    {#1}\edef \uq@curr@file {\... l.8    \includegraphics{MC_Antenna_Gain}  ?    I will report this potential bug to  as well.


In C# is a generic method that works on int and uint not possible because the generic type must be a class and not a primitive or is this only on constraints?  public decimal shift<T>(T input, byte b) where T : int, uint {    ///.... }   Is there anyway to make this work without the constraints?  public decimal shift<T>(T input, byte b)   {    ///.... }   When I do the latter, I get further but still error out on a bit shift operation on the int or uint. It's as though, it doesn't know what type it is at run time.

Can anyone tell me if there is a way with generics to limit a generic type argument T to only:   Int16 Int32 Int64 UInt16 UInt32 UInt64   I'm aware of the where keyword, but can't find an interface for only these types,  Something like:  static bool IntegerFunction<T>(T value) where T : INumeric


I am running lsmeans to determine the means and standard error for each group within a 4x3 experiment, consisting of three subject types and four treatments. When I run the following it does display the means and error, however the SE for each subject type is exactly the same.  > myModel <- lme(y ~ Treatment * SubjectType * Year, random=list(SubjectNum=~1, Location=~1), control=ctrl, method="REML", data = dframe1, na.action="na.exclude")  > lsmeans(myModel, pairwise~SubjectType, adjust="tukey")  NOTE: Results may be misleading due to involvement in interactions $lsmeans  SubjectType    lsmean           SE  df lower.CL upper.CL  Type1          5.601792 0.06719405 168 5.469139 5.734446  Type2          5.164734 0.06719405 168 5.032080 4.297387  Type3          4.791922 0.06719405 168 4.659269 4.924576  Results are averaged over the levels of: Treatment, Year  Confidence level used: 0.95   $contrasts  contrast             estimate          SE  df t.ratio p.value  Type1 - Type2        0.5370586 0.09502674 168   4.599  <.0001  Type1 - Type3        0.9098701 0.09502674 168   8.523  <.0001  Type2 - Type3        0.4728115 0.09502674 168   3.923  0.0004  Results are averaged over the levels of: Inoculant, Year  P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates    Does anyone have an explanation? The same thing happens when I run it by treatment - each treatment has the same SE.

I have a question about the standard error of mixed model parameters estimated using the lmerTest package.  I have 12 sites with 6 treatments over each site. I measured a response variable (biomass_of_insects) (which has a Gaussian distribution).   library (lmerTest)   model <- lmer(biomass_of_insects ~ as.factor(treatments) + (1 | sites))   However, the model summary shows the same standard error for every treatment (see below: 114.065). Why is the standard error always the same?   Fixed effects:                                Estimate    Std.err      df       t        p (Intercept)             501.333     80.656  66.000   6.216 3.91e-08 *** as.factor(treat)F       126.667    114.065  66.000   1.110    0.271  as.factor(treat)I        -8.333    114.065  66.000  -0.073    0.942      as.factor(treat)I+F1/3  -75.000    114.065  66.000  -0.658    0.513    as.factor(treat)I+F2/3   18.333    114.065  66.000   0.161    0.873     as.factor(treat)I+F3/3   15.917    114.065  66.000   0.140    0.889


Fore note: there is , I hope my case is narrow enough to warrant acceptance.  The institute has changed name and image; a new batch of logos and powerpoints templates is out. So far I have used a beamer theme with the old image produced by a savvy colleague that no longer works here. I have no Microsoft software installed, the only programme that opens pptx files is Libre Office Impress, of which I know very little and struggle to work with.  As far as I understand from Impress, the template is composed by a background image, a set of font definitions, and title placing in the first page. What would be the easiest/best way of creating a beamer theme from it?   Update: I do not wish to create a new theme from scratch. I wish to find a method or tool to transform an existing Powerpoint template into a Beamer theme.

No matter how hard I search, I cannot find any information on creating a Beamer theme from scratch, as opposed to LEGOing it together from the built-in inner, outer and color themes, maybe modifying one or two beamer templates by using cryptic commands without explanation.  The reason I want to do this is that none of the built-in inner, outer and color themes suit my taste. All of them are instantly recognisable as Beamer, and there is very small visual change between them.  What I would like to implement is something along the lines of certain PowerPoint templates:    and I would also like to port the beautiful  themes (see ), such as the KlopeSpring theme to Beamer, as Powerdot is very inconvenient for having to convert all images to EPS.  So how do I go about all those geometric decorations and placing text above/below/on them? Oh, and I almost forgot to mention that I know about the easy solution of "include an empty slide PDF as background image", but that is no fun.


Still just spitballing, but I came across an idea for a new group I might be starting. One of the players will only be available half the time the rest of the group will be (let's call him Bob),  and depending on what the players want to do (obviously going to do this with their consent) I was thinking of making Bob's character an on-off NPC, for when he's not here.  If the group is ok with it, who plays the character? Is it passed to the group? Or does the GM take over the character? Does the character still gain xp/loot etc?  What happens if the character dies? Does Bob get a chance to re-live the events leading up to the death? Or because he gave the character to us, what happens, happens?  I do feel that one of the big worries is the player might feel somewhat detached from the group. But I feel I can manage that.

If you know ahead of time that you're going to be missing a player, do you reschedule? Or just play them as an NPC or as a group puppet?


Revised question:  I'm using TikZ to re-design \rightarrow for the Lucida Bright fonts, to better match tikzcd arrows. How do I scale that mathrel for script- and scriptscript-styles (as well as have the scaling sensitive to enclosing \large, \tiny, etc., commands).  With the lucidascale or lucidasmallscale option of lucidabr.sty (or lucimatx.sty), scaling is non-linear.   Originally I thought I should base the scaling factor upon the document class's font size option (or its default). And  Phelype Oleinik;s answer showed how to obtain the document class's font size.   However, as David Carlisle pointed out, that approach is neither necessary or sufficient for achieving my actual aim.  Original question: For a document class being used, is there a way to determine through TeX or LaTeX code what the declared font size option is, or in the absence of a user-declared option, what the default font size is?  I want this font size just as an integer (12, 11, 10, e.g.) and not as an actual dimension such as 12.0 pt.  In particular, is it possible to do this with the article and memoir document classes?

For complex length manipulation (see ), I would need to get the font size that was passed as an option to the document class:  \documentclass[12pt]{article} \newlength{\mainfontsize} \setlength{\mainfontsize}{\@ptsize}   I would like it to work on all the main classes including beamer and extarticle. Currently this fails on beamer. How to make it work? (and I don't want the exact size of the font like 10.95pt for 11pt, I want the option that was passed).


If I place wubi.exe and iso of same version in a single folder then is it possible to install ubuntu. My problem is that I have no broad band connection can I install ubuntu with windows installer?

The Windows Installer for Ubuntu desktop instructions say that an ISO image for Ubuntu is downloaded during the installation process.  But what if I already have an ISO image for Ubuntu. Can I make the Windows Installer use that, so it doesn't have to download an ISO image again?  12.04 LTS and 12.10 are the versions of Ubuntu I'm interested in installing, in case that matters.


I am looking for the syntax for making an item appear on say the next three slides. I'm imagining something like  \item<+-??>   The \item should appear here and disappears 3 slides later, in the same way it would if I used \only (i.e. the item shouldn't leave any space once it vanishes).  I'm illustrating this using \item, but I'm looking for a general syntax.

I have a diagram of 4 nodes in my beamer slide.    \begin{figure}[h]   \begin{centering}   \begin{tikzpicture}[system/.style={draw,rectangle,rounded corners=3,minimum width=2cm,text width=1.8cm,text centered}]     \node [system] (fe) {Feature Extraction};     \node [system] (am) [right=of fe] {Acoustic Model};     \node [system] (lm) [right=of am] {Language Model};     \node [system] (d) [below=of lm] {Decoder};      \draw[->] (fe) |- (am);     \draw[->] (am) |- (d);     \draw[->] (lm) -- (d.north);    \end{tikzpicture}   \end{centering}   \end{figure}   How can I in a second slide "highlight" one of the nodes, like I can do with <alert@n> for a item in a list?  With highlighting I mean for example giving a color and thickening the lines.


I'm actually asking about my wife's MacBook Pro which I don't use very often. It's slowed down quite a bit recently and apparently before the update to El Capitan. Programs have started to take a long time to launch but once they have launched actually run fine. After booting up it will take about 45 seconds for Safari to even be usable. Spotlight also lags a lot and can't even keep up with typing, although it responds to 'escape' quickly.  I've watched the system monitor and even when programs are launching the CPU seems to be low with around 90% idle. It has 4GB of RAM and there always seems to be around 1.5Gb free.  I've attached the summary showing the hardware below. It doesn't have an SSD.  I've also run the Apple Hardware Test which took approximately an hour and nothing was reported from it.  From what I've read people have suggested upgrading the memory but since it doesn't seem to be running out of memory I would be surprised if this helped. There's also very little running and nothing user installed that is being launched in the Dock at start up.   Any help would be great and happy to provide any other stats needed.   Model Name:    MacBook Pro   Model Identifier:    MacBookPro9,2 Processor Name:  Intel Core i5 Processor Speed: 2.5 GHz Number of Processors:    1 Total Number of Cores:   2 L2 Cache (per Core): 256 KB L3 Cache:    3 MB Memory:   4 GB

I bought a Mac (13", early 2011) almost 5 years ago. When I first got it, it was running under OS X 10.7 and it was pretty fast. I've being upgrading it ever since and it's now running under Mac OS X 10.11.  I guess it didn't totally survive the upgrades because, today, there's a lot of bugs, freezes, lags, "spinning beach ball" appearing,... for example, when I write something on a normal program/editor, the cursor freezes for a few seconds, then catches up to what I'm writting.  As you can guess, that's really annoying! I've been thinkning about upgrading the hardware but I don't know what to do: should I change the RAM to 8 GB - 1 333 MHz (currently my computer has 4 GB - 1 333 MHz)? Or should I upgrade to an SSD (which is pretty expensive and difficult to install)?  Thank you very much.


I am not familiar with the topic. I can work out for the problem when the problem has a solution. But here I don't know how to it. Using the table I can see there is no solution. But I want to know how to do mathematically.

For which prime numbers $p$ is $2$ a quadratic residue modulo $p$.   I know that $2$ is a quadratic residue iff  $$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}} =1 \;  \bmod \;(p) $$ so  $$2^{p-1} =1 \;  \mod \; (p). $$ But I don't know what to do.


I am trying to implement a cartesian product of an arbitrary number of lists. I have been thinking about this for hours, and I can't figure it out.  For example, if I have:  list letter = [1, 2, 3] list num = [a, b, c]  then we will print cartesian product of:   letter x letter letter x num num x num  num x letter   However, if i had a fixed number of lists, it would be easy. But I don't know how to do an arbitrary number of lists.

Do you know some neat Java libaries that allow you to make cartesian product of two (or more) sets?   For example: I have three sets. One with objects of class Person, second with objects of class Gift and third with objects of class GiftExtension.  I want to generate one set containing all possible triples Person-Gift-GiftExtension.  The number of sets might vary so I cannot do this in nested foreach loop.  Under some conditions my application needs to make a product of Person-Gift pair, sometimes it is triple Person-Gift-GiftExtension, sometimes there might even be sets Person-Gift-GiftExtension-GiftSecondExtension-GiftThirdExtension, etc.


Suppose $A,B$ abelian groups, such that $A\oplus B\approx A$, can I conclude that $B=0$?   If it's true, is there any hint how to prove it?

I am having a hard time finding a counterexample for the statement: $G \times K \cong H \times K \implies G \cong H$  I think this should be true for abelian, finite groups. But is this true in general? What would be a counterexample?  Any hints appreciated!  Thanks


I have a question about some Markdown code not displaying as expected that I would like to ask on Stack Overflow. If I add the code (which includes triple-back-ticks), it is obviously rendered as an HTML code block in the displayed question. I tried to escape the back-ticks with "\" so that they would display, which works, but I get an error message, "Your post appears to contain code that is not properly formatted as code. Please indent all code by four spaces using the code toolbar button or the CTRL+K keyboard shortcut. For more editing help, click the [?] toolbar icon.".  The error message prevents me from posting the question. How can I include Markdown code in a question?

How do I escape a backtick ` within a code block?  This is probably a duplicate, since I'm sure it's a common concern, but I can't find a question that addresses this specifically.  How do I write List'1 with the "1" character still in the code-text format?


Someone posed a question in front of me that why is the power of t 4 in Stefan's law? please help

The Stefan Boltzmann Law gives a relation between the total energy radiated per unit area and the temperature of a blackbody. Specifically it states that, $$ j= \sigma {T}^4$$ Now using the thermodynamic derivation of the energy radiated we can derive the above relation, which leads to $T^4$. But is there any intuitive reason for the $T^4$ term?


Use strong induction to prove that every positive integer can be expressed as the sum and/or difference of distinct powers of 3.   i cant figure out my base case i dont know how to imply the construction of one of the integers following one i pick. i know that every even number can be expressed by exactly 2 distinct 3's but the odds are harder i need to rewrite the question into a way i can actually imply induction to it.

show that every nonzero integer can be uniquely represented in the form  $e_k3^k + e_{k-1}3^{k-1}+ … + e_13+e_0$ where $e_j= -1, 0, 1$ for $j = 0,1,2,…k$ and $e_k \neq 0$


I was trying to understand time dilation, but ended up getting more confused. Why does it occur. I saw the Wikipedia visualization , which explained that a greater distance led to greater time (since 2nd postulate states that velocity is constant) After seeing this, I had a list of questions:   1. What is so special about the speed of light to make time dilation depend upon it?   2. Why does time dilation even occur?  For question 2, I thought of a counter-case, which I have described below:  Consider a projectile horizontally launched at some vertical height. Now, consider another identical projectile dropped from the same height. Simple Kinematics tells us that the time of the projectiles in the air will be the same.  In this scenario, the projectile horizontally launched traveled a greater distance when compared the ball dropped (similar to the Wikipedia image). The time it took was identical. But the analogous time dilation example shown by Wikipedia suggests otherwise. I would really appreciate it if you could help me sort out this dilemna with question 2 especially (tell me where my thinking is off), and also explain the answer to question 1.

Please will someone explain what time dilation really is and how it occurs? There are lots of questions and answers going into how to calculate time dilation, but none that give an intuitive feel for how it happens.


I understood that I need to show my purchased item with the form attached on my passport to a custom officer at Narita Airport.  I would like to know where is this custom office located. Based on what I had googled, the custom check for this purchased item is after the check-in counter. This means I have to hand-carry it.  I would like to check-in my purchased items. Is it possible or must I hand-carry the purchased item?  Appreciate anyone's input.

I travelled to Japan last year and bought some stuff from shops in Tokyo which were subject to return of consumption tax (GST). However, I forgot to submit those consumption tax receipts (which the shop cashiers attached to my passport) to the customs counter in the airport when I exited back to my country. What shall I do now? Will I be blacklisted and refused entry into Japan when I visit Tokyo again sometime in the next few months? Do I need to pay a penalty, and if so, how much?