There are many different operators, for example sums  $$\sum_{i=1}^\infty$$  or products  $$\prod_{i=1}^\infty$$  But what does this operator stand for? What does it mean?  $$\mathop{\LARGE\mathrm K}_{i=1}^\infty$$  I am sorry for this might being a dumb question, but I tried googling things like "big K operator math" and didn't found anything.

Take a look at this symbol:   $$ \pi=3 + \underset{k=1}{\overset{\infty}{\large{\mathrm K}}} \frac{(2k-1)^2} 6 $$   Does it look familiar to you? If so please help me!


There is very little space left on my file system. I want to delete files in /var/cache to save disk space.  Are  there  some important files in the /var/cache which mustn't be deleted? If there are,please list all of them. My system is Debian.

I am running out of disk space and noted that I have a large /var/cache directory. Can I safely remove this? (using Arch Linux, BTW).


I have been learning about closures in javascript and I've read some articles and explanations on how they can be used. I am looking for sample web application where javascript closures are used extensively. Can anyone guide me in this?

How would you explain JavaScript closures to someone with a knowledge of the concepts they consist of (for example functions, variables and the like), but does not understand closures themselves?  I have seen  given on Wikipedia, but unfortunately it did not help.


I just got LaTeX up and running and started following some basic instructions.  The first time I followed the beginning over here:   \documentclass{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{geometry} \geometry{a4paper} \usepackage[francais]{babel} \title{Premier document} \author{Un TeXnicien} \date{} \begin{document} \maketitle Voici un texte accentué en français! \end{document}   Now, afterwards I restarted the program and made a new TeX file. However, this time I can't run this:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage[english]{babel}  \begin{document} test \end{document}   Because I get the error in the title. What's up with this? I'm using TeXworks.

I've been trying to change the language of my LaTeX document by replacing \usepackage[swedish]{babel} with \usepackage[english]{babel} but I only get this message:  ! Package babel Error: You haven't loaded the option swedish yet.   I've read in an other question at this forum that compiling enough would solve the problem, but that doesn't work for me. Does anyone know what I should do?


Is it possible to add an email just below the authors in this code also is it possible to make the output come as a two column paper.  \documentclass[11pt,oneside,a4paper]{article} \usepackage{hyperref}   \title{Hello} \author{User1 \and User2}    \begin{document} \maketitle  \section{Introduction} A1 \section{Literature Review} A2  \section{Conclusion} A2  \end{document}

Is it possible to add an email just below the authors in this code?  \documentclass[11pt,oneside,a4paper]{article} \usepackage{hyperref}   \title{Hello} \author{User1 \and User2}    \begin{document} \maketitle  \section{Introduction} A1 \section{Literature Review} A2  \section{Conclusion} A2  \end{document}


I would like my render result to encompass all of the objects that I have created... I cant seem to get it to render anything at all! Also, I have UV unwrapped my shirt, and the texture shows up in texture mode, but not in render. Also, the physics for the cloth material do not work.  I am new to blender and am very excited, but cant seem to get this working. Here is my blend file, any help is appreciated.

I'm having an odd issue - When I try to zoom in on a detail using my MMB, the "camera" in the 3D view seems to be cutting off the exterior surface of my object and showing me the inside instead. I'd expect this behavior, but only when I was much more zoomed in.  If I zoom out a bit (one click on the scroll wheel) then I can see the exterior as I intend.  Is there any way to adjust this behavior?  Thanks!


I just upgraded my Galaxy Note (1st gen) from ICS 4.0.x to JS 4.1.2. I'm using the Samsung ROM supplied by my carrier (with all the bloat in it). After the upgrade, I noticed many of my apps were missing (the ones installed on the SD card), as well as my photos/videos and personal files (previously stored in sdcard/external_sd/DCIM/...).   So I checked various parameters, and using a file explorer, I found out that all the sdcard/ contents moved to storage/sdcard0, and the sdcard/external_sd moved to storage/extSdCard. I found my personal files, and my photos/videos, but the apps previously installed on the sdcard are no longer installed. Also, the gallery app doesn't detects the photos taken before the upgrade.  Can someone enlighten me about why my SD Card apps are missing/uninstalled?

I am using a Samsung Tab 2.  There is a path: /mnt/external_sdcard/myfile. Here, I can save, read, or write my file to the external micro SD card.  I'm just wondering if this path is the same for all devices, or if it may be different.


I have a shapefile and a separate excel Sheet.  I want this shapefile to interact with the excel sheet. I have assigned numbers associated with colors on this sheet, what I would like to do is have the shape color change with the numbers in the excel sheet.  I believe this is something I can accomplish in ArcGIS 10 ModelBuilder but I don't know how to go about it.

I have an excel file with 2 attribute columns, 1-feature info 2-Number of color (RGB) that the current feature should be symbolize. This file file can be joined with the layer using the "feature info" field which is unique (join by attribute table). So i have as attribute the color number attribute for every polygon feature.  How can  i use this this information to symbolize every feature with their attributed color already imported from the excel sheet?


Suppose that f is a function from A to B, where A and B are finite   sets |A| = |B|. Show that f is one-to-one if and only if it is onto.   Lets say we were to translate this statement using variables. Where:  a: f is a function from A to B, where A and B are finite sets |A| = |B|  b: f is one-to-one  c: f is onto  Now, I believe this statement translates to "a -> (b <-> c)" symbolically. Is this correct?  This would mean that we need to prove the two sub-statements "a -> (b -> c)" and "a -> (c -> b)" in order to prove the overall statement "a -> (b <-> c)".  To prove "a -> (b -> c)", I'm thinking of first showing that "b -> c" is true using a proof by contradiction. We would then get "a -> T", which is always true (trivial proof). Is this correct?  To prove "a -> (c -> b)", we would use the same procedure.  Is this what the top answerer  does?  Questions highlighted in bold.

I'm trying to prove that, for a finite set $A$, if the map $f: A\rightarrow A$ is a surjection, then it's an injection.  I've looked at this post:  but the arguments there seem very round-about, proving that injectivity implies surjectivity first.  I think I've seen other proofs, too, but they all sound kind of flimsy.  They tend to go something like "If the function is surjective then no two arguments can go to the same image, since that would require some element of the range not being the image of any element."  While that's true and I see what the argument has in mind, it's no more convincing than the statement of the claim that we're trying to prove!  Without a more rigorous proof, both seem to rely on the intuition that everything has to go to one and only one thing, but we're supposed to be proving that.  But I've been trying to develop a more thorough and direct proof, and haven't been able to.  I've tried induction:     The theorem holds trivially if $|A|=0$.  Suppose the theorem holds up to $n=|X|$, and let $|A|=n+1$ and $f:A\rightarrow A$ be a surjection.  Then let $x\in A$ and $f^{-1}(x)$ be the set of all elements $y\in A$ such that $f(y)=x$...   But at this stage I want to restrict my function, but that has the disadvantage that if $f(y)$ has more than one element in it, when I pluck it out of $A$ as the domain and pluck $x$ out of $A$ as the range, then I may not be dealing with a function mapping from a set to itself and so I don't get to use the inductive hypothesis.  Any other proofs you know about?


I am having a hard time grasping the concept of the P-value..  I've read some of the posts in here and on internet, but one thing seem to be missing for me.   Usually we look at the probability of values being higher than the sample mean, and if this probability is lower than 0.05($\alpha$) it would be rejected, which don't make sense.   The probability says that values above test-statstics the would occur less time, but why would that lead to rejection of null hypo?  as it is stated a lot of places     In technical terms, a P value is the probability of obtaining an   effect at least as extreme as the one in your sample data, assuming   the truth of the null hypothesis.   If the probability of getting extreme values are higher than 0.05, then the null hypo will be accepted?.. which makes no sense.

After taking a statistics course and then trying to help fellow students, I noticed one subject that inspires much head-desk banging is interpreting the results of statistical hypothesis tests.  It seems that students easily learn how to perform the calculations required by a given test but get hung up on interpreting the results.  Many computerized tools report test results in terms of "p values" or "t values".  How would you explain the following points to college students taking their first course in statistics:   What does a "p-value" mean in relation to the hypothesis being tested?  Are there cases when one should be looking for a high p-value or a low p-value? What is the relationship between a p-value and a t-value?


Suppose p is prime and  P=26681. How can I find the value of generator g?   May this question be duplicate but unfortunately I failed to understand the explanation of other question. Forgive me this question is not appropriate.

Is there any efficient method to find the generators of a cyclic group?  Edit: The (cyclic)group here refers to a general multiplicative group of prime modulo. Is there any efficient algorithm to find the generators of the (cyclic)group.


Let $A, B, C$ be $n \times n$ matrices and assume $AB = C$. Prove if $C$ is invertible, then $A$ and $B$ are invertible and specify inverses.

Let $A,B$ be $m\times m$ matrices such that $AB$ is invertible. Show $A,B$ invertible.   Here is what I have attempted:  We have $AB$ invertible so there exists an $m\times m$ matrix $C$ such that $C(AB)=(AB)C=I_{m}$. Since matrix multiplication is associative we immediately have a right and left inverse respectively: $(CA)B=A(BC)=I_{m}$. I know the fact that I have square matrices needs to play a roll and gaurentees me that the product will be, in general, defined. I have tried to multiply $CA$ and $BC$ on other sides but that didn't get me anywhere.   I've asked myself what would happen if they weren't square and its obvious, by definition, that they would not be invertible but I am not seeing a way to use the fact that they are to gaurentee ourselves a general inverse.


seconds = 62  print(seconds % 60, "secs")  print("%02d" % 2)  I cannot think of a way to get the one minute I want the output as => 01 mins 02 secs

Given: a = 1 b = 10 c = 100  How do I display a leading zero for all numbers with less than two digits? This is the output I'm expecting: 01 10 100


Does this series converge or diverge?  $$ \left[\prod_{k=1}^{n}\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right)\right]^{\frac{1}{n}} $$

How do I evaluate the limit of the following sequence $$a_n  = \left(\left( 1 + \frac1n \right) \left( 1 + \frac2n \right)\cdots\left( 1 + \frac nn \right) \right)^{1/n}$$   I tried to take log and then using cauchy $1^{st}$ theorem of limits but I coudn't do it.  Could someone kindly help?


Prove that if $d$ is a common divisor of two integers $a$ and $b$, then $d=\gcd(a,b)$ if and only if $\gcd(a/d,b/d)=1$.   So far I used what was given so I have $a=dk$, $b=ld$ and $\gcd(a,b)=d$ can be written as a linear combination of $ax+by=d$ but I am unsure how to use the information.   Where do I go from here? Can someone show me how to solve this using Bezout's Identity if possible?

Im trying to prove that, given $a,b$ with at least one of $a,b \neq 0$, $$ \gcd\left(\frac{a}{\gcd(a,b)},\frac{b}{\gcd(a,b)}\right)=1 $$ I have tried to prove the identity  $$ \gcd(c\cdot a, c\cdot b) = c\cdot \gcd(a,b) $$ with $c =  \dfrac{1}{\gcd(a,b)}$  However I'm having trouble understanding the proof.  Thank you for your time.


What can I do to check if a file system (data in files and the hardware) is intact or corrupt after a computer is shutdown abruptly due to power outage?  My home desktop computer was shut down by sudden power outage. The computer automatically rebooted itself after the power is back, and I then shut it down manually in the regular way. The computer runs Ubuntu 18.10, Linux 4.18.0. It has a SSD and a HDD, where the SSD holds the boot, root, and all the essential partitions, and the HDD holds one partition for data files. I think all the file systems are ext4. I want to determine if there was a corruption in any file, and if the SSD or HDD had a physical damage.  I think I can use smartmontools to check the physical damage. I am lacking a clue about how to check the data integrity. It looks that fsck can do some checks on the file system, but it looks I need to unmount the partition to inspect. How can I run fsck to inspect the SSD? Can I use a USB boot stick which has Ubuntu on it?  I would appreciate any pointers.    Edit  The 'duplicate question' link nominally answered my question, and I am closing this question.  Among the several methods suggested in the link and the comments to this question, what I actually did is the following.   I booted the computer, and ran  $ sudo tune2fs -c 1 /dev/sda4  where /dev/sda4 is the SSD. Then, I rebooted. The system started up, showed something about the disk check for a few seconds, and presented the normal log-in screen.  I also did  $ sudo tune2fs -c 1 /dev/sdb1  for the HDD. Upon reboot, the start up screen showed a progress for about a minute, and then the normal log-in screen came up.  I'm not really sure if there was no error, if a problem was fixed silently, or if there was an error, but I assume the lack of explicit warning indicates that there was no error.  Thank you for the comments and the link.

Yesterday, one of our computers dropped to grub shell or honestly, I am unsure what shell it was when we turned on the machine.  It showed that it can't mount the root filesystem or something in this sense, because of inconsistencies.  I ran, I believe:  fsck -fy /dev/sda2   Rebooted and the problem was gone.  Here comes the question part:  I already have in her root's crontab:   @reboot /home/ruzena/Development/bash/fs-check.sh    while the script contains:  #!/bin/bash touch /forcefsck   Thinking about it, I don't know, why I created script file for such a short command, but anyways...  Further, in the file:  /etc/default/rcS   I have defined:   FSCKFIX=yes    So I don't get it. How could the situation even arise?    What should I do to force the root filesystem check (and optionally a fix) at boot?  Or are these two things the maximum, that I can do?  OS: Linux Mint 18.x Cinnamon 64-bit.  fstab:  cat /etc/fstab | grep ext4   shows:   UUID=a121371e-eb12-43a0-a5ae-11af58ad09f4    /    ext4    errors=remount-ro    0    1    grub:   fsck.mode=force    was already added to the grub configuration.


public class SortingDates {     Public List<SortingDatesWrapper> cList {get;set;}     public SortingDates()  {     cList = new List<SortingDatesWrapper>();         List<Royalty_Report__c> aList =[SELECT Submission_End_Date__c  from Royalty_Report__c ORDER BY Submission_End_Date__c ASC];         List<Instalment__c> bList =[SELECT Due_Date__c  from  Instalment__c ORDER BY Due_Date__c ASC];         for(Royalty_Report__c rr : aList){          cList.add(new SortingDatesWrapper(rr));            }         for(Instalment__c inv : bList){          cList.add(new SortingDatesWrapper(inv));            }        cList.sort();         for(Integer i =0; i< cList.size(); i++)         {        if(cList[0].d1== aList[i].Submission_End_Date__c)         system.debug('Royalty Report');         if(cList[0].d2== bList[i].Due_Date__c)        system.debug('Installment');     }    }            //Wrapper Class     public class  SortingDatesWrapper{         Public Date d1{get;set;}         Public Date d2{get;set;}        public SortingDatesWrapper(Date d1,Date d2) {             this.d1 = d1;             this.d2 = d2;         }         Public SortingDatesWrapper (Royalty_Report__c rr){          }         Public SortingDatesWrapper (Instalment__c inv) {          }     } }

This is a canonical question and answer developed by the community to help address common questions. If you've been directed here, or your question has been closed as a duplicate, please look through the resources here and use them to shape more specific questions. To browse all canonical questions and answers, including more unit test resources, navigate to the  tag.  This canonical question is intended to address several classes of common questions by providing a quick summary and links to comprehensive resources:   How is code coverage obtained and calculated? How do I increase my coverage?  Why can't I cover these lines? Why isn't the body of my loop or conditional statement covered?


This is definitely not The Neverending Story!  This story was probably read sometime in the last millennium (possibly in the 1980s) in a science fiction or fantasy magazine that probably had large pages like most fanzines.  It could have have been a fanzine but I think it was a professional magazine.  The young protagonist in the story whose name I forget spent months or years at the court of the fictional child Empress Y'golnac, or however her named was spelled, (reigning over a fictional empire whose name I forget) long enough that she may have become the teen Empress Y'golnac or even the adult Empress Y'golnac.  And I don't remember if the protagonist ever met the empress.  The story may have been part of a series since I remember that at the end the protagonist departed the court and it was said that his education was complete.  I remember thinking that his education to become a wandering rouge, swashbuckler, thief, assassin, adventurer, or mercenary seemed rather complete, but his education to become a wandering philosopher, tradesman, scholar, missionary, wizard, or any sort of a good and useful person, seemed woefully incomplete.

A friend of mine did some consulting for a book binders/printers in Scotland in the late 90s and early 2000s. He would bring me bags of books that had an issue and couldn't be sold.  Amongst this mountain of books was a book of short stories, I presume by one author as I remember there being a number of stories with recurring characters.  The story I remember involved a barbarian character and his child/teenager male accomplice who would allow himself to be captured and the barbarian would then come and rescue him and release all the slaves. The setting was (I think) desert/scrub like North Africa and the technology level was around the level of the Roman Empire (I have a mild association with Byzantium, but that may have come from reading Guy Gavriel Kay's Sarantine Mosaic series at the same time!)  I think another story dealt with the same pair later, having fallen out over philosophical differences, now living in a city and involving themselves in politics.  I remember having a collection by Stephen R Donaldson, but not sure if this was it, having a look at his output doesn't ring any bells.


My answer on  was deleted by a moderator despite having 1 up vote.   I would like to understand why?

I have often wondered at the practice on Stack Overflow, Server Fault, and the other sites where someone will ask a question and an answer will come in that says Look here: http://link elsewhere. Rarely will the link have exactly the answer necessary -- often it's an entire article -- yet these answers get voted up.  Why is that, exactly? I realize this is subjective, but my own thoughts are that one should try and give the answer (even if the answer is 'no, it can't be done' or 'no, I don't think it can be done' -- very different answers) and then if you have a link that explains it, go ahead and post it within the answer.  What does the community think about this?     For more information, see  in the .


In its current form the review queue is quite useless. There some random people meet random questions on the topics they have no clue about. As a result, in its current form, the review queue is good only for grammar issues, or even harmful, when people tend to vote randomly when they have no idea how to vote at all.   Personally, I feel very uneasy when I get into the queue on occasion. Thinking "what are all these questions? Who are all these people? What do I have to do with them?" I am just trying to get out as fast as possible.   I am somewhat a narrow specialist, I have great knowledge in some areas, but even in my own language I am not a pro in everything. So, unlike most folks here, I want to participate only in the areas I can be useful and effective. This applies to the review queue as well.  Thus, such a feature would be nice to implement: a tag subscription for the review queue.   Say, having some proven expertise for a certain tag (e.g. a silver badge), I am being able to subscribe for the review queue for this tag. From now on I will be a willing participant in a review process.  A step in the privileges ladder would be also nice to add, for advertising purposes - to let people know that they now can use this feature.  By implementing this feature, the network would profit from two main benefits:   Put a lot more people in a review process. At last make the review process relevant and professional.   P.S. Some weight for the vote from a pro would be also nice, but I quite realize it will never be implemented.  Update. It seems it's already implemented. Then it needs to be better advertised.

I think it could be a good idea to allow tag filtering on the new review pages. There is already a  asking for the review pages to be ordered randomly since there are so many to review that some could get lost in the shuffle. I think that allowing users to filter based on tags could help, since a lot of answerers watch their own niche of questions, and would be better able to identify a question as a dupe than Random J. User might.  On a personal note, I think this could be good for me since I'd really like a snowballs chance of getting [Tenacious] and [Unsung Hero], and I've noticed that brand new users sometimes don't realize they can vote/accept answers, so if you gently guide them to the accept button but don't mention voting, you can sometimes get a zero-accept out of them. ;)


I'd like to delete my careers account keeping the StackExchange profile active. I've no found any information about this. Is there any way to do that?

Is there a way a registered user can remove his/her resume from careers.stackoverflow.com?


Since todays morning, I got an exception, if I like to login to any stackexchange site using openid.stackexchange.com with Firefox. (It works with Chrome ...)  I can login to openid.stackexchange.com:    But authorizing to some site fails with the following exception:  Unable to log in with your OpenID provider:     The openid.return_to parameter   ()   does not match the actual URL   ()   the request was made with.

I can't seem to log in with my Stack Exchange OpenID. When I try, I get the error message:     Unable to log in with your OpenID provider:      The openid.return_to parameter (.) does not match the actual URL (.) the request was made with.   It works if I disable the HTTPS-Everywhere plugin in Firefox, but if I then re-enable the plugin and go to a site on which I am not logged in (in which case login is normally nearly seamless), it fails again with the same error message, or at least something very similar.  I'm not aware of having done anything that might have caused this, although I will admit I don't recall seeing https:// in the address bar on Stack Exchange before (I do now, and that's a good thing IMO!). I was using the site  and it worked fine then, but not now...


I know that I have to show that $M$ with these two notions of topology have the same open. To do this, I have to take elements of the basis of any topology. But I am failing in choose that opens for each case. It is evident that I have to use somehow curves on the manifold, but I really have know idea how to proceed... I appreciate hints/solutions/comments, etc.  P.S. I cannot comment what I have tried so far because I am totally lost in how to do this.... please, be coherent.   Thanks

I'm studying Differential Manifolds using Manfredo do Carmo's Book (Riemannian Geometry) and although I see no mention of this in Do Carmo's book, it's really easy to see a Riemannian Manifold as a metric space (if $M$ is the manifold, using $d_M(x,y) = \inf\{L(\gamma) \colon \gamma$ is a curve on $M$ and $a,b \in \gamma([0,1])\}$, where $L(\gamma)$ is the length of the curve $\gamma$.  Is the topology induced in $M$ (viewed as a set) by the metric $d_M$ the same of $M$ as topological space?   My problem to solve this self-proposed question was analyzing the open balls of $(M,d_M)$. References and Hints are appreciated.


I've recently started reviewing posts and I think the idea behind auditing reviewers is a good idea so as to keep things consistent.  However, during my review sessions, I've noticed that you can quite often spot the audit questions specifically due to a few giveaways with the data.  A couple of examples I've seen recently of "spottable" audits:   Username/rep missing (for some answers) thousands of views on a question that was posted "today"   In each of these cases would it not be better for some false data to be implemented so a more accurate audit test could be done?   I Know that in general for the audits false data is indeed given, but allowing a reviewer to view the original question in the live environment would kinda detracts from the audit somewhat, no?

I think many of us already aware, still I wanted to let you know that First Post and Late Answers review posts are generated on specific time interval. When time comes for post generation I follow some tricks   Click and till a Post appears for review Then right-click and select Open in new tab 5-8 time. Then in every page follow the below steps   Open the Question of post appeared in review in New tab If Page/Question not exists then simply downvote since post was deleted because of -ve response. Else if page exists then   Check the review post's Net Reputation If reputation is -ve then simply downvote the post came in review Else one may select No Action needed.    This way if in any case a post comes for "Are you paying attention" can be handled easily.  I think if a post comes in review should not allow to view post.


If someone answers a question, under tag discussion, then that answer is downvoted once, so he/she has (-1) on that answer now.  After some time someone upvotes the answer and now he/she has (0) votes on it with +8 reputation. Will that upvote count toward getting the bronze discussion tag, or since it's (0) then he/she won't get that upvote, won't be counted toward getting that tag?

I was wondering this and is a bit difficult to test since they only update once a day it seems.  Do you actually lose the points that count toward the badge for specific tags?  For exmaple, if one were to have 100 upvotes in the c# tag but have a few downvotes, would that mean they didn't get the badge (until upvotes - downvotes in that tag hit 100?)


I am working on Fancy mobile number list using python re. what is the pattern for getting the incremental digits in between the 10 digit mobile number     pattern for mobile number xxxxxx1234, xxxxx12345, xxxx123456 etc using python re

I'm trying to put together a comprehensive regex to validate phone numbers. Ideally it would handle international formats, but it must handle US formats, including the following:   1-234-567-8901 1-234-567-8901 x1234 1-234-567-8901 ext1234 1 (234) 567-8901 1.234.567.8901 1/234/567/8901 12345678901   I'll answer with my current attempt, but I'm hoping somebody has something better and/or more elegant.


UPDATE Overhauling my post here and voting to reopen, since the dupe has a , Recently,  started sending us notifications of negative reputation changes.  I thought it was , but Brian reported that:  There are no plans to keep showing negative scores.  Why?  The "bug" doesn't appear to affect anything else.  Why fix the bug that's actually causing something good?  Oded (who no longer works for SE) :  We want to let you know about good things as soon as they happen - that's what our real-time notifications are for. Negative reputation changes are... well... negative. So we are not in a hurry to let you know about them.  Your mistake.  Posts that get downvotes should, in theory, need more attention than those lucky enough to receive upvotes (which has been said by at least four others).  So please, SE, can we reconsider that  tag (or just don't bother fixing that lucky mistake)?  ORIGINAL Can we make it so a downvote, or other reputation decrease will highlight the Achievements trophy icon, or alert you in some other way?  A downvote might mean there is a problem with your post such as being off-topic, ethically wrong, or inappropriate, and thus would warrant a bit more attention than the extra 10 reputation an upvote gives you.  Could this also extend to a notification when you lose rep, say, because of a removed post where you had posted a well-accepted answer?

When you get reputation, you get a +X green spot on your reputation feed telling you that you gained reputation and if you drop down the menu, you get more detail.  How about we make it that when you lose more than you got since the last time you checked, you see it red with a little -X.  For example, let's say you've just looked at the reputation bar so any old rep notification is gone and you ask a new question. 3 users downvote your question and 1 upvotes it. You will see it green because you gained 5 rep but you should see it red because you are at -1 rep.   This would help people improve their questions / answer by seeing, as soon as they get on the site, that they got negative feedback and that something needs to be checked / changed.    It shows here so it could very well be applied to the notification count:


First of all, apologies if I am not using the correct terminology to describe the problem. I have a dataset of two variables, which looks like this:    There are clearly two groups of points. I want to separate them so that I can fit a linear regression to each of them.  I can draw a line and decide that everything above it belongs to one group and everything below to the other, but it is a method too crude and the results are not good enough.  Cluster analysis probably can do it, but it seems a bit overkill and I was wondering if there is a simpler way to do it.  A simple data.frame (in R) for testing:  xx <- data.frame(A=c(1,2,3,4,1,1.1,1.2,1.3), B=c(1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1,2,3,4)) plot(xx$A, xx$B)

I have a set of data that is not ordered in any particular way but when plotted clearly has two distinct trends. A simple linear regression would not really be adequate here because of the clear distinction between the two series. Is there a simple way to get the two independent linear trendlines?  For the record I'm using Python and I am reasonably comfortable with programming and data analysis , including machine learning but am willing to jump over to R if absolutely necessary.


My computer is very slow. All the programs and Windows itself is slow. But strangely, all the games run without lag. They are not affected somehow.  I just reinstalled my computer for the 6th time this year, and it is not getting any better. It is always lagging. All the parts are new, bought around November 2013.  These are my specs:   CPU: Intel Core i5-3350P at 3.10 GHz GPU: AMD Radeon HD7770 HDD: Toshiba 2TB, 7200 RPM RAM: 4GB Kingston, DDR3 at 1333 MHz Motherboard: Gigabyte Z77-HD3 Audio: M-Audio Firewire 410 (external audio card)   I am using this computer for recording music.    OTL reports  I read it can be usefull, so I ran the program and here they are:   OTL.txt -  Extras.txt -      One more thing! My computer can't sleep! When I hit the sleep button in Windows, it either restarts or sleeps, but then I cannot wake up the monitor.  If someone could tell me why my computer is so slow, I would be very grateful!

I have a relatively new (under 2 yrs old) Windows 7 machine. It has 9GB of RAM, and an i7 core CPU (930 @ 2.8GHz w/ 8 CPUs). After about 8 months since a clean install, I noticed my computer was running slowly. I figure it was fragmentation etc, and I did a complete wipe & clean reinstall.  However, my problems are somehow persisting. The computer is running painfully slowly (but in leaps and bounds - sometimes it will work fine for 3 hrs, then suddenly freeze up just from clicking the start button). The 'freezes' happen randomly - not during any especially intensive computing. I initially thought something might be eating through my CPU and/or Memory, but Task Manager indicates that neither the CPU or Memory spike. In fact, even during serious lag, CPU usage remains at less than 5% and Memory at ~ 1.5GB.  It's beyond me why a fresh install on a powerful machine is performing so poorly. And it certainly is frustrating!  What could be causing the poor performance, and what can I do to fix it?


Just downloaded Ubuntu desktop 18.04 to USB via my desktop. I have a laptop PC running on Windows 10. I created a 25 GB partition to install Ubuntu.I plugged the USB in and rebooted. Windows started. I restarted the PC and went to bios then changed boot order, making external device  option. Message says an operating system wasn’t found. The PC restarted and loaded Windows.

This is the third time I've tried to install Ubuntu Server 14.04.03 64-bit on the same laptop, and each time it caused different problems.  Each time I wrote the same iso image to a USB flash drive by using a different application and OS.   Universal USB Installer (pendrivelinux.com) from Windows WinImage writer from Windows built-in image writer from Linux Mint 17.2    The iso image is the same in all three cases, the USB flash drive is the same, and the laptop is the same. However each time the installation of Ubuntu gave me different installation options. For example, the last time I installed Ubuntu, it didn't show all the packages to choose while installing (Basic Ubuntu server, etc.).


When accessing  in Firefox and selecting particular printer, then Administration->Modify Printer, the Firefox provides username and password popup. In Chrome, the webservice does not show the popup at all and goes straight to the error page:     Unauthorized    Enter your username and password or the root username and   password to access this page. If you are using Kerberos   authentication, make sure you have a valid Kerberos ticket.   I am in lpadmin group. How do I make Chrome behave properly with CUPS webservice?

Update 2019-01-09:  Please see answer below as there is a way to fix this with CUPS 2.2.8. Update 2020-10-17:  Upgrading from 18.04 LTS to 20.04 LTS will fix it as it upgrades the version of CUPS from 2.2.7 (which contains the bug) to version 2.3.1 which does not have the bug.  Since some users may not be able to upgrade to 20.04 LTS right now this is still very valid for the 18.04 LTS users.  I have Ubuntu 18.04 LTS installed clean on this system.  When I try to add a printer through CUPS 2.2.7 address of http://localhost:631 in the Chrome browser, I can't add the printer as I keep getting Unauthorized.  It never asks for a login.  How do I add my printer through CUPS using Google Chrome? BTW, Firefox, Chromium and other browsers so far seem to work fine for adding a printer in CUPS 2.2.7.  It appears to be a bug between CUPS 2.2.7 and Google Chrome.


I have geometric network and try to launch Python script with tracing    gdb = "C:/Users/my_user/Documents/ArcGIS/gn/gn.gdb" gdb += "/gn/" geometric_net = gdb + "gn_Net" flags = gdb + "flags" result_name = "gn_Net2"  mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument("CURRENT") df = arcpy.mapping.ListDataFrames(mxd)[0]  result = arcpy.TraceGeometricNetwork_management(geometric_net,                                        result_name,                                        flags,                                        'FIND_CONNECTED'                                        )  gl = arcpy.mapping.Layer(result_name) arcpy.mapping.AddLayer(df, gl, "BOTTOM")   This script do nothing (as I see in ArcMap) - no new group layer in ArcMap, no new layers/feature classes/other instances in current geodatabase.  result variable have some value after last row execution, but I can't determine its type - debugger says thatresult.__class__ returns <class 'arcpy.arcobjects.arcobjects.Result'>, and result returns {geoprocessing server result object} gn_Net2  From  I presumed that result is group layer that I must to add to map. But I can't find Arcpy method which can add group layer to map - only layer adding to map or existing group layer (arcpy.mapping.AddLayer).  What really arcpy.TraceGeometricNetwork_management returns? Did I understood correctly that it's group layer? And it's ready for add to ArcMap via arcpy.mapping.AddLayer method? If no, where is tracing result? How can I see it? What is the arcpy.TraceGeometricNetwork_management result?  Edits: I added   ArcMap document (mxd) and data frame (df) getting Group layer adding   to script. I launches my script from ArcMap via toolbox-script object.  Result of my changes is: Group layer adds to ArcMap document, but without found path (no new layer, selectiong or highlighting). Only geometry network and its layers was added. When I run geometry tracing manually with same conditions (Utility Network Analyst - Solve), found way highlights at map.

Does anyone now how to add a group layer with Python in ArcGIS Desktop 10?  I can use arcpy.mapping.AddLayer but surely this is only for an actual layer as opposed to a group layer.  so far I have this  import arcpy mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument("CURRENT") df = arcpy.mapping.listdataframes(mxd, "layers")[0] arcpy.mapping.AddLayer


How can I completely uninstall Windows 10 from a dual boot with Ubuntu?

I want to keep Ubuntu but remove Windows.


I am getting the ConcurrentModificationException while executing this code. I am unable to figure out why it is happening?  private void verifyBookingIfAvailable(ArrayList<Integer> list, int id) {          Iterator<Integer> iterator = list.iterator();         while (iterator.hasNext()) {                 int value = iterator.next();                 if (value == id) {                     int index = list.indexOf(id);                      if (index != -1) {                         list.remove(index);                     }                 }         }     }   Thanks in advance.

We all know you can't do the following because of ConcurrentModificationException:  for (Object i : l) {     if (condition(i)) {         l.remove(i);     } }   But this apparently works sometimes, but not always. Here's some specific code:  public static void main(String[] args) {     Collection<Integer> l = new ArrayList<>();      for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {         l.add(4);         l.add(5);         l.add(6);     }      for (int i : l) {         if (i == 5) {             l.remove(i);         }     }      System.out.println(l); }   This, of course, results in:  Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException   Even though multiple threads aren't doing it. Anyway.  What's the best solution to this problem? How can I remove an item from the collection in a loop without throwing this exception?  I'm also using an arbitrary Collection here, not necessarily an ArrayList, so you can't rely on get.


How would I approach or solve a problem such as this? I know that $n = d*a$ and $n+1 = (d+1)*b$ for some integer $a$, $b$. So I substituted them into each and got $$d(a-b)=b-1$$ But how would I go from here?

Let $n$ be an integer such that for any integer $d$, if $d | n$ then $d + 1 | n + 1$.   Show that $n$ is a prime number or equal to $1$  My workout...  Suppose $n = xy$ for some postive integers $x$ and $y. x|n$, and hence we assume without loss of generality $x + 1|n + 1.$   Then $x|xy + 1$. However, $xy + x$ is divisible by $x$.  This implies $x − 1$ is divisible by $x$, which is an impossibility if $x$ is not equal to $1$.  Therefore whenever $n$ is decomposed into two factors, one must turn out to be $1$. Hence $n$ must be a prime.  I am looking for any other method which solves this quickly and more quickly...


There are multiple C++ files. I need to extract the body of for-loop from these files.  Is there an easy way to do this maybe using grep. Consider there are no nested for loops.

Is it possible to write a regular expression that matches a nested pattern that occurs an unknown number of times? For example, can a regular expression match an opening and closing brace when there are an unknown number of open/close braces nested within the outer braces?  For example:  public MyMethod() {   if (test)   {     // More { }   }    // More { } } // End   Should match:  {   if (test)   {     // More { }   }    // More { } }


what would describe the person who able to read and write in more than one language. Is there any other descriptive word than "Bilingual"?

If bilingual means you know two languages, and trilingual means you know three, what would be the proper term for knowing four, five or even six languages?


Is there any way to configure a computer to login automatically at bootup and then IMMEDIATELY switch users? The purpose is to trigger the profile loading process for the assumed user so that when they go to login, their profile loads instantaneously. Yet, the immediate user switch means that the login password is still required before any actual use.   A few of the attempts I have made require storing the password in plain-text for the system to use. Needless to say that is undesireable.  I have been looking for this solution for years; if anyone knows of a better solution to skinning this cat I am all ears.  EDIT: tsdiscon command will Lock the workstation.

I want to configure Windows 7 to login automatically after the computer is switched on. That's not because I'm lazy and don't like typing passwords. That's because I want programs that are configured to run on startup run automatically.  But I don't want everyone to see my desktop, so I want my computer to remain locked. When I'm ready to work, I just type my password and don't have to wait until all startup programs run.


How can I upgrade my distribution of Ubuntu to the latest version? I am running 14.04 currently.  Any help is appreciated.

What are the different ways I can use to upgrade Ubuntu from one release to another?


I am undergraduate mathematics student.I used latex I know all basic of latex. Right now I want to make my notes where I can collect my all Important Theorem,Lemma Definition on Latex. I want to make notes but can not understand How to make notes on latex. which packages I need? how can I set my Page?  I exactly want make collection of my notes just like book structure. Index, Chapter ,Remark etc It become big document . How can I make such big document.

Which book (free or otherwise) was the most useful to you when you started learning LaTeX?  I am frequently asked this question by friends who want to learn LaTeX, and I recommend the book which got me started, , but I feel that there might be better options around.  Also see .


Gold pressed latinum is a popular form of currency because the latinum can't be replicated. But why is it pressed into gold?  Gold is not an ideal metal for currency. It's soft and tarnishes, and it is heavy. Any number of more durable substances are available to contain the latinum, so why gold?

Why is latinum pressed in gold to make "gold-pressed latinum"? Which is worth more?  Is it because latinum is softer than gold (just a guess)?


edit: When I asked this I did not properly understand the concept of mutable and immutable objects, and the variables that point to them I just noticed I wasn't getting a return from random.shuffle(). I realised this makes sense as you would logically want to work with the original list unless specified otherwise. >>> import string >>> import random   >>> letters = list(string.ascii_lowercase)  >>> print(letters) ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']  >>> rand_alpha = random.shuffle(letters)  >>> print(rand_alpha) None  >>> print(letters) ['f', 'c', 'n', 'u', 'x', 'y', 'q', 'j', 's', 'v', 'w', 'o', 'p', 'z', 't', 'm', 'k', 'd', 'e', 'a', 'g', 'i', 'h', 'l', 'r', 'b']   This led me to wonder whether altering a list in another scope is something people do (and should be cautious not to do accidentally) or is this something special within the Python standard library? I checked the code - and did a few searches - but I didn't find anything that made this clearer for me.

I'm trying to understand Python's approach to variable scope. In this example, why is f() able to alter the value of x, as perceived within main(), but not the value of n?  def f(n, x):     n = 2     x.append(4)     print('In f():', n, x)  def main():     n = 1     x = [0,1,2,3]     print('Before:', n, x)     f(n, x)     print('After: ', n, x)  main()   Output:  Before: 1 [0, 1, 2, 3] In f(): 2 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] After:  1 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]


Does having two  on the battlefield cause their ability to deal 2 damage when one dies?

Many abilities in MTG use a permanent's name in the ability. Does this mean that if I have 2 copies of that permanent, the ability will affect both permanents?  Activated ability example:  - If I activate the ability of one of my Vector Asps, can I choose which of them gain infect until end of turn? Or will they both gain infect?  Triggered ability example:  - If I cast a second Sin Collector, when it enters the battlefield, will each Sin Collector trigger and allow me to exile a total of 2 cards instead of 1?


Is it possible to abort a previously-running Ajax request?   var xhr = $.ajax({     type: "POST",     url: "some.php",     data: "name=John&location=Boston",     success: function(msg){        alert( "Data Saved: " + msg );     } });

Is it possible that using jQuery, I cancel/abort an Ajax request that I have not yet received the response from?


I am a UK citizen living in Colombia and intend to return to home with my Colombian girlfriend for a month over Christmas to visit family.  My girlfriend is a student and from a modest Colombian background, hence she has basically no money in her bank account or an income. I am going to act as her sponsor, covering the costs for the entire trip.  My financial situation is complex with money spread across multiple bank and investment accounts (the multiple accounts is for getting the best interest rates, hence not dodgy, I used to be a financial advisor). This money came from 2 main sources: income in previous jobs and inheritance.  I have one main bank account that covers the cost of the trip by a considerable margin.  My questions are:    Do I have to provide documents for all of my (10+) accounts? Or given that the main account has more than enough to cover it, will that suffice? The inheritance and income money has been in my accounts for over a year. Do I need to provide proof of provenance for these amounts? Or will bank statements for the past 6 months suffice? Do the bank statements need to be originals? All my accounts are paperless and hence I only have pdf's unless I specifically request them from the bank (costly and time consuming for all 10+ accounts)   For context on question 2: my employment income savings have been in my account for 2 years so do I need to go back and dig out tax returns / pay slips for that far back?   Many thanks  Update - this is not a duplicate. I have read the potential duplicate article that was flagged multiple times and it doens't answer my specific questions.

The UK Visas and Immigration Directorate publishes  that provides helpful tips that can result in successful visa applications. Section 2 of this guidance opens is entitled "other documents you may want to provide" (emphasis mine).  Section 2: other documents you may want to provide – all visitors This section provides guidance on the types of documents that you may want to provide to help us consider your application against the Immigration Rules. Previous travel documents/passports, which show previous travel. Financial documents showing that you have sufficient funds available.  These must clearly show that you have access to the funds, such as:  bank statements building society book proof of earnings such as a letter from employer confirming employment details (start date of employment, salary, role, company contact details) where a third party (who is either in the UK or will be legally in the UK at the time of your visit) is providing financial support to you e.g. a business, a friend or a relative, documents to show that they have sufficient resources to support you in addition to themselves and any dependant family should be provided   The first item is "bank statements" and this ties in with the , which says...  evidence that you can support yourself during your trip, eg bank statements or payslips from the last 6 months  (Note 'eg' is a Latin abbreviation meaning "for example"; this appears to be optional rather than a fixed requirement.) Question: How should someone interpret this such that the chances of success are maximized? How many statements should I submit? What are they looking for and what do my bank statements tell about me?


I did some changes while switching a branch called users-authentication, I commit them. then I switched again to master to merge these changes as the command line below. It says there is a conflict while merging. how can I solve it, I really don't want to lose anything.  $ git merge users-authentication

I want to resolve merge conflicts in my Git repository. How to do that ?


While running db.exec(q) method it shows null object reference. db is object of SQLiteDatabase class. and exec() is abstract method which is overridden.  Here is the code of DatabaseHelper class extended by SQLiteOpenHelper  public class MyDbHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{  SQLiteDatabase db; Context context;   MyDbHelper(Context context) {     super(context,"userDB",null,1);     this.context = context;     db = this.getWritableDatabase(); }   @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {       String q = "create table user(uname text primary key,uage text,uphone text,bmi float)";     db.execSQL(q);  }  @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {  }   public void addData(String uname,String uage,String uphone,Double bmi) {      ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();     cv.put("uname",uname);     cv.put("uage",uage);     cv.put("uphone",uphone);     cv.put("bmi",bmi);     long rid = db.insert("user",null,cv);      if(rid<0)     {         Toast.makeText(context, "Insert Issue !!!!!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();     }     else     {         Toast.makeText(context, "Record Inserted !!!!!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();     } }  public String viewData() {      StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();     Cursor c = db.query("user",null,null,null,null,null,null);     c.moveToFirst();      if(c.getCount() == 0 )     {         sb.append("No Records To Display");     }     else     {         do{             String uname = c.getString(0);             String uage = c.getString(1);             String uphone = c.getString(2);             float bmi = c.getFloat(3);             sb.append("User : " +uname+ "\nAge : " +uage+ "\nPhone : " +uphone+ "\nBMI : " +bmi+ "\n\n---------------\n\n");           }while (c.moveToNext());     }      return sb.toString();     }  }

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


I did camera tracking in Blender.  The track was very bad despite a solve error of 0.4.  The object slid back and forth slightly the whole time.  I also set everything correctly (FPS, camera parameters ...).  Can someone help me, I'm just starting out, I'm not that experienced yet.  I'm just not sure what kind of motion model to use.  Chose Affine. Sorry for my English.

Whenever I do camera tracking in Blender the reconstruction is always zooming out or not on the axis. I have a great quality camera, but the end results of the camera tracking always has the model sliding. If you have a solution please tell me.


Thanks for looking into my post. I am new to the stock investment. Current Microsoft book value is 15$ but the Market value is 198$ How to decide value of the stock? How can I say its overvalued and whats the original value of the stock? Which parameter decides its worth to buy or not?

Thanks for looking into my post. I am new to the stock investment. According to Benjamin Graham, He suggested investors to purchase a stock 1.5 times the current book value. Current Microsoft book values is 15$ If I multiply by 1.5 then I'll get 22.5$ but the stock is almost 194$ How to decide value of the stock?


Single word request: a notable representative of a discipline  e.g. Picasso and Braque - Cubism  Picasso and Braque were "important representatives" of Cubism  Is there a word to replace "important representatives"?

What is a good word for “best example”? I would like to describe a film as the greatest example of its features.


What films make up the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and what order should they be watched in?

I'm planning on re-watching the currently-released 5 Marvel films prior to seeing The Avengers.  Have Marvel released any sort of official viewing order?  Captain America: The First Avenger seems like the hardest one for me to place in order with the rest.  It takes place prior to the other films, but has the greatest number of references to the other films.  So should it be watched first, or last?  The rest of them are relatively clear, as they're chronological in the order they're released, with the possible exception of The Incredible Hulk and Iron Man 2 happening at the same time.


My boss wants to implement SharePoint Server 2013 in our company which is a small government firm of around 30-40 employees (and will expand later). He wants me to do certifications for it. I have a background of some programming in Visual Studio in C# but not that good (as I am a copy & paste coder). He wants me to Install, Implement and later develop apps in SharePoint Server 2013. I haven't used SharePoint Server before. Could anyone guide me the right path to take in order to start using SharePoint Server 2013 and also could you let me know which learning materials and certifications do I need to take for it?

I am new to SharePoint in general and I am going to start a new SharePoint 2013 project. I have registered with plursight training and I have attended some online sessions with them in addition I have read some materials on MSDN . But till now I am unable to figure out how to link the SharePoint components together especially for those which are required to build an interactive knowledge based library for my company.   As all the training courses are talking about SharePoint 2013 as concepts and features with minimal demos showing how these components work together on a live environment, or to implement a full business scenario even if it is a simple scenario.  I think when learning any new technology , it is better to see how to build a simple application from A-Z which can help in understanding the whole picture for the technology. For example when I first learn asp.net mvc I have read how to build an application named NerdDinner (which is simple mvc application) but it was a solid starting point to understand MVC details and more advance functionalities.   So from where I can find demos which show how to build a simple SharePoint 2013 applications, bearing in mind that what I am trying to achieve in SharePoint 2013 (at least for the current stage) are :-   To build a knowledge library categorizing all our company procedures, manuals, technical material, policies, etc. Enable employees to write the above contents and publish them, so they can be view, edited, updated, delete by specific users. To have some workflows on certain documents, so that they will not be available to employees until they went through predefined approval steps.


If I took the SATs and they marked something wrong that I thought was right and because of that I didn't get into Harvard so I sued that I wanted my SAT score increased because they were actually wrong and it was a antonym or something, then who would be the arbiter of what the language means?

For instance, biologists these days like to say that the word "dinosaur" is inclusive of modern birds, since birds are descended from dinosaurs. This is consistant with biologists' tendency to categorize things monophyletically -- that is, if it is descended from something, it "is" that something.  A bird is descended from a dinosaur, so it must be a dinosaur.  Linguists (such as those employed by dictionaries e.g. Webster and Oxford) tend to be more pragmatic -- concerned more about communication and usefulness rather than strictly adhering to monophyletic categories. They consider "dinosaur" to only refer to those animals that lived in the mesozoic period....that is, they explicitly exclude modern birds from the definition, because when most people use the term "dinosaur," they are not talking about birds.   This is similar to the way we exclude tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles and mammals) from the definition of "fish", even though tetrapods are descended from fish. That is, "fish" is, by definition, a paraphyletic category.  Other examples are  "monkey" and "ape", which, by definition, are paraphyletic and therefore exclude humans.  So who is the authority on the definition of these words?  And if biologists are, isn't it being inconsistant to define the word "fish" to exclude a subset of its decendants, while refusing to do the same with the word "dinosaur"?


I want to have a file (outside of git) that contains certain environment variables. While a script (which is in git) needs to read them and export to env.  My current implementation works for variables if the value does not contain spaces. Does anyone have an idea on how to fix this?  export $(cat .env | grep -v ^# | xargs -n 1)   My file looks like this:  ALLOWED_HOSTS="127.0.0.1 dev.local localhost boot2docker"   While my environment only contains:  ALLOWED_HOSTS=127.0.0.1   Note: I found a similar question: . However those answers don't seem to understand spaces in values either.

I have a tmp.txt file containing variables to be exported, for example:  a=123 b="hello world" c="one more variable"   How can I export all these variables using the export command, so that they can later be used by child processes?


I hope this question isn't naive or anything of the sort but I am relatively new to this topic and this is the first question I ask on here. The Collins asymmetry which is exclusively a quark-fragmentation phenomena and explicitly doesn't deal with gluons.  Roughly speaking, the Collins asymmetry can be thought of as:$$ A \sim \frac{N^{\uparrow} - N^{\downarrow}}{N^{\uparrow} + N^{\downarrow}}  $$ where the numerator has the polarized piece (the quark specific phenomena because of transversity) and the denominator is the unpolarized piece (both the quarks and gluons). Thus, why don't gluons have transversity? I assume this is applicable to all Bosons?   I appreciate the help!

If photons are spin-1 bosons, then doesn't quantum mechanics imply that the allowed values for the z-component of spin (in units of $\hbar$) are -1, 0, and 1?  Why then in practice do we only use the $\pm 1$ states?  I have been told that this is directly related to the two polarizations of the photon.  This seems to be more of a classical argument however, arising from the fact that Maxwell's equations do not permit longitudinal EM waves in a vacuum.  I have also heard that it is related to the fact that photons have no rest mass, although I understand far less of this reasoning.  What I'm looking for are elaborations on these two arguments (if I have them correct), and perhaps an argument as to how these two are equivalent (if one exists).


I have many labels in ArcMap and want to use one label with multiple leaders to call out features whose labels would end up being the same. Is this possible?   As it is right now it is not possible for me to fit all labels without being able to do this.  Using arcmap 10.3

Is it possible to link multiple leaders lines to one piece of annotation?  I'm working in ArcGIS 10.2 Desktop Advanced with non-feature linked geodatabase annotation. I have hundreds of numbers labeling various polygons, but some polygons share a number. Instead of creating multiple numbers/annotations for each polygon I'd like to have one number with multiple lines pointing to each polygon.   So, in the image below, the number 5 corresponds to multiple polygons. Here I've moved 5 from it's ideal location to show that the second leader line is not connected to the number annotation. My workaround has been to create another piece of geodatabase annotation with a blank text string to serve as a placeholder for a leader line. The other option was to use map/graphic annotation to create the second leader line, but with the multiple disadvantages of not being in the same annotation feature class as the number annotation.    My goal would be for each piece of number annotation to be connected to multiple leader lines like appears below.


I got the following message when I tried to open update.     E: dpkg was interrupted, you must   manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure   -a' to correct the problem.   E: _cache->open() failed, please report.   Please help me to solve it.

I was running an upgrade with the apt-get command, and it was taking an exceptionally long time because half way through my ISP hit me in the face with their fair usage policy.   After sitting outside & watching the rain for awhile my electronics regained consciousness, so I went back to complete the upgrade and my terminal scolds me with   "E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem."   The last bit of legible info was all this:  Installing (ri/RDoc) documention for (stuff and such) ERROR:  Could not find a valid gem 'watobo-0.9.8.724.gem' (>= 0) in any repository rm: cannot remove `watobo-0.9.8.724.gem': No such file or directory  Setting up metasploit (4.3.0-bt1) ... Upgrading Pre-Existing Installation... /opt/metasploit/postgresql/scripts/ctl.sh : postgresql  (pid 1191) already running prosvc is running metasploit is running [*] [*] Attempting to update the Metasploit Framework... [*]   So on it goes for miles, talking about gem caches, rubies, & stuff I wish I had. All up until:  A    lib/gemcache/ruby/1.9.1/gems/state_machine-1.1.2/gemfiles/active_record-2.1.2.gemfile.lock   ...and there it has sat, all night.    If I stop it, will I still get the dpkg error (on the off chance that I won't), or if so what do I need to to resume using apt-get commands and its Super Cow Powers?


How to evaluate the integral  $$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\mathrm dx}{1+\tan^{2013}x}$$  It is almost impossible to calculate the antiderivative of this function by hand. Are there any tricks?

Evaluate the integral $$\int_0^{\pi/2} \frac{1}{1+\tan^\alpha{x}}\,\mathrm{d}x$$


I was using the command below to summon it and already had put the loot json in my Minecraft folder, but it would still only spawn empty chests.  /setblock ~ ~2 ~ minecraft:chest 1 0 {BlockEntityTag:{LootTable:"mctools:chests/NorthDungeon1"}}

I tried the custom loot tables here:                                (with his website:  ).  I successfully obtained my chest with the custom loot using:   /give @p minecraft:chest 1 0 {BlockEntityTag:{LootTable:"mctools:chests/loot_table"}}   The problem is that I want to summon the chest instead of giving it to the player. I tried the command:   /setblock ~1 ~ ~ chest 0 replace {BlockEntityTag:{LootTable:"mctools:chests/loot_table"}}   The chest did place, but when I opened it, the chest was always empty. Why can't I retrieve my loot this way? And if possible, how can this be done?


I came up with an idea that I want a Court to grant. I am not sure if I should refer to it as a "proposition" or "proposal" and I feel like the two can be used interchangeably. This is how I would say it in Court "Here's a proposition that I came up with that I think the Court should consider" or "Here's a proposal that I came up with that I think the Court should consider." Which one is more appropriate?

These two words have similar meanings, however in certain contexts only one of the two can be used or is used most frequently (fits better idiomatically). Can you give examples of such contexts and if possible explain the difference?


I've tried many times and completed the companion quest and mara quest and got the amulet of mara and still can't marry Aela or anyone else. I'm a Dragonborn in the game.

I have the amulet of Mara but when I go to talk to maramal about a wedding nothing shows up. WHY is that.


I installed Girona on Ubuntu 17.10 and it never worked for me. I just updated Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Qgis displays the following message:     Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, inImportError: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5: version `Qt_5.10 'not found (required by / home / user / .local / lib / python3.6 / site-packages / PyQt5 / QtCore.so)   And it does not connect to the plugin repository.

I am working with a fresh install of Ubuntu 18.04 and installed QGIS using . I get the following error when I launch QGIS:  Couldn't load PyQt. Python support will be disabled. Traceback (most recent call last):   File "", line 1, in  ImportError: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5: version `Qt_5.10' not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/PyQt5/QtCore.so) Python version: 3.6.5 (default, Apr  1 2018, 05:46:30)  [GCC 7.3.0]  QGIS version: 3.0.3-Girona 'Girona', 8a899c8  Python path: ['/usr/share/qgis/python', '/home/ned/.local/share/QGIS/QGIS3/profiles/default/python', '/home/ned/.local/share/QGIS/QGIS3/profiles/default/python/plugins', '/usr/share/qgis/python/plugins', '/usr/lib/python36.zip', '/usr/lib/python3.6', '/usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages']   A similar error has been reported as a bug () but I haven’t seen a workaround.  I tried to install 2.18 (ltr) but apt-get failed with:  qgis : Depends: python-qgis (= 1:2.18.20+28bionic) but 1:3.1.0+git20180529+ad1fef9+28bionic is to be installed   Any suggestions on how to get QGIS working on Ubuntu 18.04?


I'm using TexMaker with PDFLatex. My problem is that the code lines in the listing      ress := 'articles';     test := 'something';     test := 'somethingarticles';     test := 'arrtticclleess';   are showed as      ress := ' articles ';     test := 'something';     test := 'somethingarticles';     test := ' arrtticclleess ';   in the pdf file. For defining the listings I use this code:  \lstset{     literate=%     {Ö}{{\"O}}1     {Ä}{{\"A}}1     {Ü}{{\"U}}1     {ß}{{\ss}}1     {ü}{{\"u}}1     {ä}{{\"a}}1     {ö}{{\"o}}1     {~}{{\textasciitilde}}1,     float=hbp,     basicstyle=\footnotesize,     identifierstyle=\color{colIdentifier},     keywordstyle=\color{colKeys},     stringstyle=\color{colString},     commentstyle=\color{colComments},     backgroundcolor=\color{hellgelb},     columns=flexible,     tabsize=2,     frame=single,     extendedchars=true,     showspaces=false,     showstringspaces=false,     numbers=left,     numberstyle=\tiny,     breaklines=true,     breakautoindent=true,     captionpos=b, } \lstdefinelanguage{al}{     sensitive=true,     upquote=true,     morecomment=[l]{//},     morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/},      morestring=[b]',     alsodigit={-,*},     morekeywords={         local,var,procedure,temporary,begin,end,exit,if,else,then,repeat,         until,case,of} }   How can this inconsistent behaviour happen?? And how can I fix it?

I have a problem with SQL code in a PDF document. For code representation I'm using the listings package. Everything works perfect until I copy-paste that code from the created PDF document. I get some phantom spaces in string type. When people are reading my PDF document, they need to copy-paste some of the code. Visually the code looks good in PDF, but when I try to copy-paste my code to NotePad or any other editor I get some unexpected spaces in strings. In the example below, when I copy-paste my SQL code, instead of getting:  SELECT ST_Area(the_geom)   FROM katastar   WHERE kc_broj = '1414';   I get  SELECT ST_Area(the_geom)   FROM katastar   WHERE kc_broj = ' 1414 ';   See the spaces in between quotes.  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{listings,xcolor}  \lstset{  tabsize=4,         basicstyle=\scriptsize,         %upquote=false,         aboveskip=\baselineskip,         columns=fixed,         showstringspaces=false,         extendedchars=true,         breaklines=true,         prebreak = \raisebox{0ex}[0ex][0ex]{\ensuremath{\hookleftarrow}},  frame=single,         showtabs=false,         showspaces=false,         identifierstyle=\ttfamily,         keywordstyle=\color[rgb]{0,0,1},         commentstyle=\color[rgb]{0.133,0.545,0.133},         stringstyle=\color[rgb]{0.627,0.126,0.941},  language=SQL }  \begin{document} \begin{lstlisting} SELECT ST_Area(the_geom)   FROM katastar   WHERE kc_broj = '1414'; \end{lstlisting} \end{document}


For example: 23.7748884 and 344.456445 are the numbers I am working with. I am looking for the output with the format "000.0000". The desired result would be 023.7749 and 344.4564. I tried:  String.format("%.4f", 23.7748884) // Output: 23.7749, NOT OK! Desired: 023.7749 String.format("%.4f", 344.456445) // Output 344.4564, OK!

How do you left pad an int with zeros when converting to a String in java?  I'm basically looking to pad out integers up to 9999 with leading zeros (e.g. 1 = 0001).


I am trying to copy lines from source.txt to target.txt. I would like this bash script to check each line on target.txt if there is duplicate entry before copy.      source.txt contains:  a$$a$$a b**b** c%%cc%% d##d##d## e^^e^^e^^         target.txt contains:  a$$a$$a ee$$ee$$ ff__ff__ gg@@gg@@ zzxxzzxx bb..bb..bb e^^e^^e^^ hh;;hh;;hh    on this scenario, I assuming that there only 3 entries will be copied to target.txt  which are:  b**b** c%%cc%% d##d##d##   My test code is:  #!/bin/bash echo "started" programpath=/home/mysite/www/copyfiles  var str input ; cat "$programpath/source.txt" > $input  var str target ; cat "$programpath/target.txt" > $target   cat $input >> $target  uniq -u "$target"  echo "finished"     exit 1 fi

Is there any tool that can get lines which file A contains, but file B doesn't? I could make a little simple script with, e.g, perl, but if something like that already exists, I'll save my time from now on.


As said by the Second law of thermodynamics,     Energy spontaneously disperses from being localized to being spread out if not hindered from doing so.   Now, for systems other than isolated one, and for the surroundings , the net entropy change always is greater than $0$ . $$ \Delta{S_{sys}} + \Delta{S_{surr}} > 0$$ . Net entropy of the universe always increases. As my book says     Entropy change of the universe must be positive and for this entropy change of the surroundings must be greater than that of the system when it releases thermal energy.   But, can't net entropy of the universe be $0$ ? That is, can't the entropy change in the system be equal to entropy change of the surroundings?? If not, why???

We can imagine many changes to the laws of physics - you could scrap all of electromagnetism, gravity could be an inverse cubed law, even the first law of thermodynamics could hypothetically be broken - we've all imagined perpetual motion machines at one time or another.  However, the second law of thermodynamics seems somehow more 'emergent'. It just springs out of the nature of our universe - the effectively random movement of physical objects over time. Provided you have a Universe whose state is changing over time according to some set of laws, it seems like the second law must be upheld, things must gradually settle down into the state of greatest disorder.  What I'm particularly wondering is if you can prove in any sense (perhaps using methods from statistical mechanics)? Or is it possible to construct a set of laws (preferably similar to our own) which would give us a universe which could break the second law.


I am using the cshapes package in R as a source of historically accurate country borders. While the default WGS 84 maps plot fine, I would like to reproject the maps. This introduces some distortions that I'm guessing are related to underlying issues in the map data:   How can I correctly reproject and plot a cshapes map in R? If the distortion issue really is related to underlying map data issue, how can I fix these?   Here is a default WGS 84 map, which looks fine:    But when attempting to plot a Robinson projected map, distortion near 180 longitude:    The associated .  I created these maps in R using the following code:  library("cshapes") library("ggplot2") library("rgdal")  # Get map data and plot with default CRS (WGS 84) wmap <- cshp(date=as.Date("2012-06-30")) wmap_df <- fortify(wmap)  ggplot(wmap_df, aes(long,lat, group=group)) +    geom_polygon() +    labs(title="World map (longlat)") +    coord_equal()  ggsave("~/Desktop/map1.png", height=4, width=7)  # Reproject to Robinson wmap_robin <- spTransform(wmap, CRS("+proj=robin")) wmap_df_robin <- fortify(wmap_robin) ggplot(wmap_df_robin, aes(long,lat, group=group)) +    geom_polygon() +    labs(title="World map (robinson)") +    coord_equal()  ggsave("~/Desktop/map2.png", height=4, width=7)  # Export original map data writeOGR(wmap, ".", "wmap_wgs84", driver="ESRI Shapefile")   Additional info:   Duplicate of , someone over there suggested I try to get help here.  I know there are many other sources for country borders, but I'm tied to cshapes for historically accurate maps.  I'm using GDAL 1.11.3, installed via homebrew, and Proj4 4.9.2. I built rgdal from source against these.  Part of my problem is that I don't know what terms to even search for for this issue, any help would be great.   There is a , which indicates that the problem is that Russia and a Pacific island exceed 180°E.  However, the answers provided are either implemented in QGIS, not R, or are based on removing vertices, which is problematic for me because I want to eventually use the maps to make thematic maps (i.e. countries with color fill).

I'm having an odd problem such that when I reproject maps to a Mollweide projection in R using sp, I get additional lines stretching across the globe. What is going on here, and do you have any suggestions to fix it.  Here's a reproductible example:  library(sp) library(maps) library(maptools)  worldmap <- map("world", plot=F) plot(worldmap, type="l)   So far, so good. I get   So now I reproject. This is a CRS I'm using to be compatible with some other projects. Note how world-spanning lines then crop up.  worldmapLines <- map2SpatialLines(worldmap,                                   proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84"))  worldM <- spTransform(worldmapLines,                         CRS("+proj=moll +lon_0=0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs"))  plot(worldM)


I have a Schengen visa type C issued by the French embassy, and my wife has a Schengen visa type C issued by the Greek embassy. Due to some changes of plan, we now both want to travel to Paris. We want to book a flight on Aegean Airlines from our non-EU home country; this flight will have a connection at Athens, Greece.   Do they stamp our Visas at the Athens Airport as our Schengen point of entry?  Will I have a problem because my visa is from France? Will my wife be able to enter Paris without a problem because her visa is issued by the Greek embassy?

My friends and I planned to visit Germany, so I got a single entry tourist Schengen visa to Germany. However, my travel plans have changed since then, because my friends are going to Italy instead. I don't have time to apply for a visa to Italy, but I have been told that I can use my Schengen visa to enter Italy. Is that true?


I'm facing a problem for connecting to my database .I wanna connect to one of my sqlserver's DB and I use SqlConnection but when I open my database connection there's an error with this title "LoaderLock was detected" and this message :  "Attempting managed execution inside OS Loader lock. Do not attempt to run managed code inside a DllMain or image initialization function since doing so can cause the application to hang."   and here's the code :  {     SqlConnection sc = new SqlConnection("Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=DB1;Integrated Security=True");     SqlCommand scom = new SqlCommand(@"insert into t1 values(2,'Daniel')", sc);     sc.Open();     scom.ExecuteNonQuery();     sc.Close();  }   Please help me through this problem,what am I missing here ? and what should I do?

I am building on C++ dll, by writing code in C#.  I get an error, saying      LoaderLock was detected Message:   Attempting managed execution inside OS   Loader lock. Do not attempt to run   managed code inside a DllMain or image   initialization function since doing so   can cause the application to hang.   I tried seraching what this error exactly means, but I am drawing pointless articles, mostly saying that it's just a warning, and I should switch that off in Visual Studio. The other solutions seem to be due to ITunes, or this problem occurring when programming with DirectX. My problem is connected to neither.  Can anybody explain, what this actually means?


I use the following code:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \begin{document} \begin{center} \includegraphics{GR0568 q28.png} \end{center} \end{document}   and get this output:    Why does it publish "q28.png"? I'm sure I could fix this if I didn't have a space in the filename, but is there another workaround?

I want to import graphics into my main input file using the macro \includegraphics. It does not work if the filename contains spaces.   also discusses this subject, but there is no solution there.  My compilation routine is latex->dvips->ps2pdf (because of PSTricks).


I am facing problem when I try to install postgres-xc from terminal.  badar:~$ sudo apt-get install postgres-xc  Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: postgres-xc : Depends: postgres-xc-client but it is not going to be installed  E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.   badar:~$ sudo apt-get install postgres-xc  Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: postgres-xc : Depends: postgres-xc-client but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken package

After upgrading from 10.04 to 12.04 I am trying to install different packages.  For instance ia32-libs and skype (4.0).  When trying to install these, I am getting the 'Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages' error message.   Output of commands:  sudo apt-get install -f Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.   After running this:  sudo dpkg --configure -a foo@foo:~$ sudo apt-get install -f Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.


I have a CSV with latitudes, longitudes, and place descriptions, I'm trying to figure out the CRS so I can reproject the data.   The data has no accessible documentation, and appears to be dumped out of an Oracle database.   Plotting the coordinates on a cartesian grid shows all of the United states and some places outside of it.     What is the best way to figure the CRS out?  Here are a few examples from (juding by the FIPS codes) Brooklyn, Boston, and LA  Longitude, Latitude, State_Code, County_Code, Station_Location 73948800, 40725490, 36, 47, BTWN NORMAN AVE & DRIGGS AVE 71023639, 42424997, 25, 25, NORTHEAST EXPRESSWAY  118442961, 34042668, 6, 37, N/O OLYMPIC BL; S/O JCT RTE 2

I have a Shapefile but its coordinate system is Unknown, and there is no *.prj file.   How can I identify it now?


I've seen a lot of answers, but it seems that none of them has worked.  I have a programmatically created UIAlertView with two UITextFields. I want to restrict the number of characters :   12 characters in first field 1 character in second field   First field code:  alertDialog.addTextField { (nameField) in         nameField.placeholder = "Name"         nameField.borderStyle = .roundedRect         nameField.clearButtonMode = .whileEditing         }   And second  alertDialog.addTextField { (keyField) in         keyField.placeholder = "Key"         keyField.borderStyle = .roundedRect         keyField.clearButtonMode = .whileEditing      }   How can I correctly restrict the number (Let's pretend that there will be no paste in these field)

How can I set the maximum amount of characters in a UITextField on the iPhone SDK when I load up a UIView?


I realize there are some things I don't know how to do. I previously had an addon for 2.79 that helped with UV layouts and it isn't available in 2.8. If I have basic shapes with increased detail, what are the steps to get the UVs back to a square with evenly spaced verts? If I'm trying to create a mesh I can use as a base to create vfx.

I have this setup:   The mesh is only the visible top side, with a mirror modifier for the bottom part. Now I want to unwrap it like in the picture. I want the inner circle (red) to go to the top of the UV map...  The problem is that no matter what automatic unwrapping I use, it never works as intended.  The closest I've gotten was by using "follow quads", but that skewed the UV map a lot:   I used the result from the second image and manually adjusted the vertices with a lot of scaling and "align auto", but its very far from perfect as you can see in the first image.  Here's what I want exactly:   The uv vertices should be distributed evenly (horizontally) The middle line (yellow) should be on a "natural" y height (so there's no stretching)   I hope it's clear what I want to achieve. I'm sure there must be some automatic way to perfectly align and distribute the UVs in this way.  By the way: If you look closely you can see that I already placed a uv seam (aligned with the green y axis in the screenshot) but that didn't really help.


A sentence such as "I'd had an ice cream" is correct, and but when there is no apostrophe it becomes "I had had an ice cream"... Is this ok to write?

For example, what is the difference between the following two sentences:     I had a bad day      I had had a bad day


The real path for the folder TEMP DESK is:     /home/username/Desktop/Dropbox/mystuff/TEMP DESK   But when I click on the link that I created for it, it shows:     /home/username/Desktop/Link to TEMP DESK   Even if I do ctrl+L it still shows me this fake path...  How do I create a link such that when I click on it, it takes me to the real location where the target exists.  PS: I use "make link" option. Not sure if it creates a symbolic link or hard link and also not sure if it matters in this case (?)

I created a shortcut via "make link" option. When I enter to this shortcut's folder I can't see any folders above it so I can't easily navigate to them.  Is there a way to go one folder up in the GUI? Maybe a hotkey? (Can't do cd .. this time ^__^ ).      In Windows for example I am indeed able to navigate in the way I describe, here is a Win10 image that explains it:


Does it power off completely or go into a deep sleep state?

Will the alarm still go off if I turn off the phone before?  Example: when I have low battery, I have to go to sleep and wake up at X o'clock, and there is no charger around. Should I turn off the phone?   Note: If it makes any difference my phone is Galaxy S running froyo


Here is the problem: we host our website with an external provider that doesn't give us an IP address, rather, they give us a domain where we point our www CNAME record to. I assume they are using some type of virtual hosting that reads the header for the requested domain and displays that website.  Anyway, a lot of our users complain the website is down when it actually is not because they are typing example.com instead of www.example.com into their browsers.  Is there a way to make this work in our DNS?

I need to create an NS record for a domain that is a CNAME, for the purpose of having two domains pointed at one IP, and not having to maintain the current IP address in two different places.  The DNS provider for this domain is DynDNS, but they block this operation:     CNAME cannot be created with label   that is equal to zone name   I can do this with another domain whose DNS is served by 1and1:  root@srv-ubuntu:~# dig myseconddomain.co.uk  ; <<>> DiG 9.4.2-P1 <<>> myseconddomain.co.uk ;; global options:  printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 61795 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0  ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;myseconddomain.co.uk.             IN      A  ;; ANSWER SECTION: myseconddomain.co.uk.      71605   IN      CNAME   myfirstdomain.co.uk. myfirstdomain.co.uk.     59      IN      A       www.xxx.yyy.zzz  ;; Query time: 298 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.0.10#53(10.0.0.10) ;; WHEN: Tue Aug 18 14:17:26 2009 ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 78   Is this a breach of the RFCs or does DynDNS have a legitimate reason for blocking this action?  Followup Thanks to the two answers already posted I now know that 1and1 IS breaching RFCs to do this. However it does work and they seem to support it. For a company that hosts so many domains it seems very odd that they get away with doing this on such a massive scale without objection.  More followup  The output of "dig myseconddomain.co.uk ns" as requested.  root@srv-ubuntu:~# dig myseconddomain.co.uk ns  ; <<>> DiG 9.4.2-P1 <<>> myseconddomain.co.uk ns ;; global options:  printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 18085 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2  ;; QUESTION SECTION: ; myseconddomain.co.uk.             IN      NS  ;; ANSWER SECTION: myseconddomain.co.uk.      4798    IN      NS      ns67.1and1.co.uk. myseconddomain.co.uk.      4798    IN      NS      ns68.1and1.co.uk.  ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns67.1and1.co.uk.       78798   IN      A       195.20.224.201 ns68.1and1.co.uk.       86400   IN      A       212.227.123.89  ;; Query time: 59 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.0.10#53(10.0.0.10) ;; WHEN: Wed Aug 19 12:54:58 2009 ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 111


When using typedef to declare a userdefine type, then both these forms are accepted by ModelSim:  typedef logic logic_7_0_t [7:0]; typedef logic [7:0] logic_7_0_t;   However, if doing something similar based on real type, then 2nd format fails:  typedef real real_3_0_t [3:0]; typedef real [3:0] real_3_0_t;  // Syntax error by ModelSim   Where to place the array indication, and why the difference between logic and real?

Looking at some code I'm maintaining in System Verilog I see some signals that are defined like this:  node [range_hi:range_lo]x;   and others that are defined like this:  node y[range_hi:range_lo];   I understand that x is defined as packed, while y is defined as unpacked.  However, I have no idea what that means.  What is the difference between packed and unpacked vectors in System Verilog?  Edit: Responding to @Empi's answer, why should a hardware designer who's writing in SV care about the internal representation of the array?  Are there any times when I shouldn't or can't use packed signals?


About a week ago, while browsing the internet - with my Lenovo S860 / Android / Chrome -, some popups came out, and initially i thought that the site has some ads, but it was something else. I've found an article about an adware that's auto-rooting your phone, and you can't get cleaned with hard-resetting, or scanning with any type of antivirus. Ref:   So, after connecting the device to my PC, (i think) the adware moved on my PC also. So now i have that virus on my phone, and also on my PC. I've tried reinstalling browsers (Firefox, Chrome), reinstalling Windows - formatting HDD - scanning with different antiviruses (AVG, BitDefender, Kaspersky, Malwarebytes, Spyhunter, AdwCleaner and many other) but without success.  The ads are appearing both in Firefox and Chrome, on different events - link click, background click. On my phone appears a site, with the message "Your battery has [some number] battery viruses" and vibrates. On my PC different sites are opened, like Alibaba, some radio websites.  Any idea is appreciated!  Suspect domains included on webpages:   ntvk1.ru tarkita.ru cukcopo.ru darangi.ru onclickads.net morgdm.ru   Another thing is that i've found out that  is including these domains in the source - now i have blocked these domains and google-analytics.com in hosts file, but i don't think it's the best solution.  Thanks in advance!

What should I do if my Windows computer seems to be infected with a virus or malware?  What are the symptoms of an infection? What should I do after noticing an infection? What can I do to get rid of it? how to prevent from infection by malware?   This question comes up frequently, and the suggested solutions are usually the same. This community wiki is an attempt to serve as the definitive, most comprehensive answer possible. Feel free to add your contributions via edits.


In "Principles of Analysis" by Charalambos Aliprantis on pg. 6, he defines the Cartesian product of a family of sets as the set of all functions from the index set to the union of that family satisfying a certain condition. If we define a function to be a certain subset of the Cartesian product of two sets and then use the function to define the Cartesian product of a family of sets indexed by some indexed set, aren't we committing the error of making a circular definition? I may be wrong, in fact I think I am since may be we can distinguish between the Cartesian product of two sets and the Cartesian product of a family of sets. But I just want some confirmation from an expert. Many thanks in advance

Regarding the products of functions in axiomatic set theory, two textbooks which I am reading (Halmos; Hrbacek/Jech) have said the following:   "There is a natural one-to-one correspondence between [the Cartesian product] and a certain set of families. Consider, indeed, any particular unordered pair $\{a,b\}$, with $ a\neq b$, and consider the set $Z$ of all families $z$, indexed by $\{a,b\}$ such that $z_a \in X$ and $z_b \in Y$. If the function $f$ from $Z$ to $X \times Y$ is defined by $f(z) = (z_a, z_b)$, then $f$ is the promised one-to-one correspondence. The difference between $Z$ and $X \times Y$ if merely a matter of notation."  Hrbacek/Jech said as much, but reversed the bijection: they considered   "...a canonical one-to-one correspondence between ordered pairs and 2-tuples that preserves first and second coordinates. Define $\delta((a_0, a_1)) = \{(0, a_0), (1, a_1)\}$; then $\delta$ is a one-to-one mapping on $A_0 \times A_1$ onto $\prod_{0\leq i<2} A_i$ and $x$ is a first (second, respectively) coordinate of $(a_0, a_1)$ iff $x$ is a first (second, respectively) coordinate of $\{(0, a_0),(1,a_1)\}$."   (I had to change their notation a bit: the function maps to 2-term sequences, with each term a "coordinate.")  This is my question: in Halmos' case, how did we order the coordinates? I can see how we could remove the second coordinates from each ordered pair in the family systematically (put $\beta = \{ \bigcup_{x \in \{z_i\}} ( \bigcup_{x \in (i,z_i)} (i,z_i) - \bigcap_{x \in (i,z_i)} (i,z_i)): (i,z_i) \in f \}$), but I do not see how to reorder them into a new pair which recovers the order of the Cartesian product, since the index set was unordered. I like the H/J version, but want to see it made invertible.


I am trying to wipe out Ubuntu 13.10 from my laptop and install Windows 8.1 instead. I formatted my hard drive and deleted the old partition.   Now when I try and boot I get  this error:  error: no such partition  Entering rescue mode  grub rescue >   Has anyone else had issues with this? How do I reset it to install Windows?

I have absolutely no experience with Linux, and I desperately need to get my computer back up and running again with Windows.  How do I remove Ubuntu and reinstall Windows?    Editor's note: many of the answers are about removing Ubuntu from dual-boot but keeping Windows (which is a bit complicated), while other answers are about removing Ubuntu from single-boot (which is easy: basically just format the disk while installing Windows). The question as written is ambiguous between dual-boot or single-boot.


I have the following file:  \immediate\write16{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKL 80 char split is right here -><- this is on the next line} \message{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKL 80 char split is right here -><- this is on the next line} \end   ```  Both \write and \message split the line at the indicated point (80 characters). Is there any way to disable that behavior or set the line break point to something really high?  Same behavior happens with tex, etex, pdftex, pdflatex.

Is it possible to tell the LaTeX command not to use line breaks in its console / log output?  This would make it easier to automate the processing of the log file, e.g. extracting the names of missing graphics files like in this output  ! LaTeX Error: File `figures/triggers/muontriggers/notmu18_medium_mu10_loose/2d map_abs_eta_phi.pdf' not found.   which are otherwise cut into pieces and unnecessarily difficult to grep etc.


for the last 6 weeks (yes, that long) I've been struggling to successfully deliver emails to Gmail accounts.  For some reason, every single email that is sent from our domain is flagged as spam by Gmail - it started happening when we moved from a shared host to a dedicated host.  I've configured SPF Records, Domain Keys and even DMARC records- however emails are still being delivered as spam, no matter the contents.  I've included my latest email headers below and any help would be greatly appreciated.  I've hidden our IP's and domain name for contingency, if you believe it is required please let me know and I can provide it  Regards  Edit: I've already followed every step on the linked question and my problem still exists - I feel like there's a fault with the way our emails are configured, however I cannot pinpoint where we're going wrong :(

This is a  about how to handle email sent from your server being misclassified as spam.  For additional information you may find these similar questions helpful:                    Sometimes I want to send newsletters to my customers. The problem is, that some of the emails get caught as spam messages. Mostly by Outlook at the client (even in my own Outlook 2007).  Now I want to know what should be done to create "good" emails. I know about reverse lookup etc., but (for example), what about a unsubscribe link with an unique ID?  Does that increase a spam rating?


Construct a DFA that accepts the language of the empty set. The alphabet is 0 and 1. I think it is just one state with no accept states and one arrow with both inputs.

Since the language $L = \emptyset$ is regular, there must be a finite automaton that recognizes it.  However, I'm not exactly sure how one would be constructed.  I feel like the answer is trivial.  Can someone help me out?


I am sure this question was asked here before, maybe even multiple times. But I can't find it right now and it really bugs me:     Let $G$ be a group with $|G|=p^2$. Then $G$ is abelian.   For the proof we have 3 cases: $|Z(G)|\in\{1,p,p^2\}$, two of which I understand. Let $|Z(G)|=p$, then $G/Z(G)\cong\mathbb{Z}_p$, so $G/Z(G)$ is cyclical and therefore $G$ is abelian.   Question: This would mean that $Z(G)=G$, so there it's ultimately a contradiction although it proofs that $G$ is abelian. How do I interpret this proof?

Possible Duplicate:          I must show that a group with order $p^2$ with $p$ prime must be a abelian. I know that $|Z(G)| > 1$ and so $|Z(G)| \in \{p,p^2\}$.   If I assume that the order is $p$ i get $|G / Z(G)| = p$ and so each coset of $Z(G)$ has order $p$ which means that each coset is cyclic and especially $Z(G)$ is cyclic. Can I conclude something by that?