"They were once Men. Great Kings of Men. Then Sauron the Deciever gave   them Nine Rings of Power. Blinded by their greed, they took them   without question, one by one, falling into darkness. And now they are   slaves to his will. They are the Nazgûl, Ringwraiths, neither living   nor dead. At all times, they feel the presence of the Ring, drawn to   the power of the One. They will never stop hunting you."    - Aragorn, explaining the Nazgûl's origin to Frodo, Sam, Pippin and Merry      "Nine he gave to Mortal Men, proud and great, and so ensnared them.   Long ago they fell under the domination of the One, and they became   Ringwraiths, shadows under his great Shadow, his most terrible   servants."    - Gandalf, to Frodo (The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, Chapter 2, "The Shadow of the Past")      "Once nine great Kings of Men, they were all given Rings of Power. The   Nine took them without question and subsequently, after the forging of   the One Ring, became slaves of Sauron and later his chief lieutenants.   After centuries the effect of the rings left the kings spectral,   invisible to all but Sauron and whoever wore the One Ring."   -    This is all i can find about their biography regarding their beginnings, during their changing and the beginning of their changing.  Is there anyone able to direct me to some info about them before receving the rings? Kings of men - where, when, etc.? Or there is no such info? It would be a surprise for me to see that there is no details about them before receving the ring, since Tolkien didn't miss any character to develop a full path from birth / appearance till death / destruction.

I recall reading somewhere of the history of the nine riders, but I cannot remember where it was. (It seems perhaps they were from northern kingdoms?)  The leader of the Nine was the Witch King of Angmar, but what were the names of the others, and where did they come from?


What I call as a periodic number is for exemple  $$0.\underbrace{13}_{period}131313...$$ or   $$42.\underbrace{465768}_{period}465768465768.$$  So how can we put theses numbers like a integer fractional, i.e. of the form $\frac{a}{b}$ with $a,b\in\mathbb Z$ ?

claims that every repeating decimal represents a rational number.  According to the following definition, how can we prove that fact?  Definition:  A number is rational if it can be written as $\frac{p}{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are integers and $q \neq 0$.


we have root domain of a university and every college of university has its own sub domain, just want to know how these domain can effect the traffic of the root domain, recently we did a web audit, auditor said sub domains are effecting root domain traffic, and how we can improve traffic of root domain

If I have example.com, and blog.example.com, do search engines see those as one site or two? Will using subdomains hurt SEO? I have some technical reasons why I can't use example.com/blog.


I use QGIS 1.4.0 to import a layer which is basically a road network converted from an .osm file to a PostGIS database table by osm2pgrouting.  I have skimmed through the documentation, but I am still not sure:  What happens when I edit features of such a layer in QGIS? Can I somehow write the changes back to the database?  Edit:  could be the answer, isn't it?

I am using Quantum GIS and the PostGIS dbms. I am able to call the PostGIS layer into QGIS but i am unable to add feature to it. I am using the method of adding features to a Shapefile but still it is not getting reflected in the layer, and I don't know how to save it to the PostGIS database if I am able to add the feature to the PostGIS layer.  I may not have used some technical term for this problem because i don't know what to call it, I am expressing the problem in my own terms.


I've heard that 'play piano' is OK in American usage. Is that true? What I learned so far is 'play the piano'. As long as it comes to the instruments, we usually "play the (instrument)". Is that correct?

What is the rule for omitting/including the definite article in the following sentences:     I used to play piano.   I used to play the piano.   I would pick the first sentence, but I've heard people say the second sentence even when they are not referring to a specific piano. Which one is correct?


After you define a command using \newcommand, is it possible to undefine it?  My motivation is that I'm writing a thesis, where each chapter is in a separate source file. Some chapters define their own commands that are used nowhere else, so I'd like them to be visible only within that chapter.   I'd therefore like to be able to do something like:  \chapter{Some Chapter} \newcommand{foo}{...} ... % chapter body \forgetcommand{foo} % end of chapter   Is there anything like the fictitious \forgetcommand macro above?

I thought the way to undo a \def was to define it to \relax, but that does not appear to work.  Also, am not sure why this produces no output if I try to use \def instead of \let in my attempt to do an undef.  \documentclass{article}  \begin{document}  \def\CaseA{}%  \ifdefined\CaseA%     \def\ProcessCaseA{}%     % Do stuff that uses \ProcessCaseA     %\def\ProcessCaseA\relax% no output if use this, and comment next line     \let\ProcessCaseA\relax% no output if comment this, and use above line \fi  % Now do stuff that requires \ProcessCaseA NOT be defined \ifdefined\ProcessCaseA     ERROR: \textbackslash ProcessCaseA is still defined \else     SUCCESS: \textbackslash ProcessCaseA is not defined \fi  \end{document}


I've searched a lot but I've found many complicated examples, too hard to understand for me. Anyways I'm trying to write down a regular expression that should honor:    /foo     // should match /foo/bar // should match  /login     // shouldn't match /admin     // shouldn't match /admin/foo // shouldn't match /files     // shouldn't match   I've tried with a simple one, just with one word: #^(\/)([^admin])# that is starting with / and followed by something not starting with the word admin. It's working with /foo/bar but fails with /a/foo because it's starting with a, I suppose.  How can negate an entire set of words (admin or files or login)?

I know it's possible to match a word and then reverse the matches using other tools (e.g. grep -v). However, is it possible to match lines that do not contain a specific word, e.g. hede, using a regular expression?   Input:  hoho hihi haha hede   Code:  grep "<Regex for 'doesn't contain hede'>" input   Desired output:  hoho hihi haha


I had heard that you can do anything multiple ways on Skyrim. I didn't want to join the companions to become a werewolf. I had also heard that you can drink a werewolf's blood to become one. What are the differents ways of becoming a wearwolf ?

I've heard that one of (maybe the only?) secret races in this game is a werewolf.  How do I become a werewolf?  And by extension, how do I cure lycanthropy, that is, if there even is a cure?


I am not talking about the distinction between mass and weight, just the concept of 'weight'. In University physics (book by Young & Freedman, 14th Ed.) it is given that     the weight of an object is the total gravitational force exerted on it   by all other objects in the universe.   Following this definition, can I say that the weight of Earth is approximately the product of its mass and the centripetal acceleration (towards the sun), or is the whole idea of 'weight of Earth' meaningless (as I have seen written in some books)?

What's the weight of the earth?  That is, what's the weight of the earth in the gravitational field of the sun? I imagine it's either   $0$, because there's no net fall toward the sun, so the downward component of acceleration is $0$ and $F=ma=0$, or $Gm_1m_2/r^2\approx7\cdot10^{-11}\cdot6\cdot10^{24}\cdot2\cdot10^{30}/(1.5\cdot10^{11})^2\approx4\cdot10^{22}$ Newtons,   but which, and why?


Can someone help me find the eigenvalues for this matrix? I can't seem to find it lol...  $$         \begin{bmatrix}         1 & 0 & 3 \\         0 & 1 & 4 \\         3 & 4 & 1 \\         \end{bmatrix} $$  Maybe this is a specific type of matrix?  One try following the above by solving for $$\det(A - \lambda I)=0$$  $$         \begin{bmatrix}         1 - \lambda & 0 & 3 \\         0 & 1 - \lambda & 4 \\         3 & 4 & 1 - \lambda \\         \end{bmatrix} $$ Add Column 1 to Column 3  $$         \begin{bmatrix}         1 - \lambda & 0 & 4 - \lambda \\         0 & 1 - \lambda & 4 \\         3 & 4 & 4 - \lambda \\         \end{bmatrix} $$  And then let's say I end up with this so far:  $$         \begin{bmatrix}         1 - \lambda & 0 & 4 - \lambda \\         0 & 1 - \lambda & 4 \\         2 + \lambda & 4 & 0 \\         \end{bmatrix} $$  I just seem to go around in circles which is why I failed an exam last time...

If I have a $2\times 2$ or $3\times 3$ matrix, how should I go about computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix?  NB: I am making this question to provide a unified answer to questions about eigenvalues of small matrices so that all of the specific examples that come up can be marked as duplicates of this post. See .


Consider a non-negative integer random variable $X$ which satisfies $\mathbb{E}[X]=1, \mathbb{E}[X^2]=2, \mathbb{E}[X^3]=5$. Find the minimun value of $P(X=0)$. I managed to show that $$Var(X) = \mathbb{E}[X^2]-\mathbb{E}[X]^2=2-1=1$$ but then I'm stuck. Any hint?

If $Y$ is a non negative integer-valued random variable with $E[Y]=1$, $E[Y^2]=2$ and $E[Y^3]=5$ ,where  $E$ is the average value of $Y$. Find the minimum value of the possibility $P[Y=0]$. I know that $E[Y]=\sum^{n}_{i=1}y_{i}p(y_{i})$ and $E[Y]=\sum_{y:p(y)>0}yp(y)$. I know that Markov's inequality is : $P[Y\geq a] \leq\frac{E[Y]}{a}$ I know that  Chebyshev's inequality is : $P(|Y-E[Y]|\geq k)\leq \frac{Var(Y)}{k^2}$ The book I'm studying is the : A first course in probability 8th edition , Sheldon Ross


I recently upgraded to ubuntu 17.10 and since then I cannot do two finger scrolling, only edge scrolling. Any suggestions how to make the two finger scrolling work again? I use a Lenovo ThinkPad 450s    Output of xinput list-props $(xinput list | perl -ne '/touchpad.*\bid=(\d*)/i && print $1') as requested by @Hi-Angel  Device 'SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad': Device Enabled (141):   1 Coordinate Transformation Matrix (143): 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000 libinput Tapping Enabled (276): 1 libinput Tapping Enabled Default (277): 0 libinput Tapping Drag Enabled (278):    1 libinput Tapping Drag Enabled Default (279):    1 libinput Tapping Drag Lock Enabled (280):   0 libinput Tapping Drag Lock Enabled Default (281):   0 libinput Tapping Button Mapping Enabled (282):  1, 0 libinput Tapping Button Mapping Default (283):  1, 0 libinput Accel Speed (284): 0.600000 libinput Accel Speed Default (285): 0.000000 libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled (286):   1 libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled Default (287):   0 libinput Send Events Modes Available (261): 1, 1 libinput Send Events Mode Enabled (262):    0, 0 libinput Send Events Mode Enabled Default (263):    0, 0 libinput Left Handed Enabled (288): 0 libinput Left Handed Enabled Default (289): 0 libinput Scroll Methods Available (290):    1, 1, 0 libinput Scroll Method Enabled (291):   0, 1, 0 libinput Scroll Method Enabled Default (292):   1, 0, 0 libinput Click Methods Available (293): 1, 1 libinput Click Method Enabled (294):    1, 0 libinput Click Method Enabled Default (295):    1, 0 libinput Middle Emulation Enabled (296):    0 libinput Middle Emulation Enabled Default (297):    0 libinput Disable While Typing Enabled (298):    1 libinput Disable While Typing Enabled Default (299):    1 Device Node (264):  "/dev/input/event5" Device Product ID (265):    2, 7 libinput Drag Lock Buttons (300):   <no items> libinput Horizontal Scroll Enabled (301):   1

Trackpad two finger scrolling and right-click issue with Ubuntu 17.10 (i386, 64bit, GNOME 3.26.1) on a Lenovo T540p (the model with a Intel Core i5-4210M Haswell CPU etc)


I am new here. I think this is the right place to ask a question about labeling in vertex. I want to label vertex on complete graph 12 node by using TikZ. I use the following example: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{graphs, graphs.standard}  \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}     \graph { subgraph K_n [n=12, clockwise, radius=2cm] }; \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}  I want to label the vertices with even numbers between 0 and 22, i.e. that they will contain numbers 0, 2, 4, ... ,22.  How should I do that? (Edit is based on OP clarification in his comment below)

I'm new here. I think this is the right place to ask this question.  Basically I would like to type a simple looking complete graph like this:    What I want is to place vertex and edge labels on top of the edges and vertices.   How would I go on doing that? What packages am I supposed to use and what commands should I type?    Sorry I should have included this picture to show what I have in mind. Thank you!


Can somebody give me a hint for the following exercise, I don't know how to start...    Thanks a lot!

Let $(\Omega, \mathcal F,\mathbb P)$ be such that $\Omega$ is countable. I'm trying to find a simple example of random variables $X_n$ which converge to $0$ in probability but not a.s.  If $\mathcal F = 2^{\Omega}$ (i.e., $\{\omega\} \in \mathcal F$ for each $\omega$ since $\Omega$ is countable), it is shown  that such random variables do not exist. But now we only assume (of course) that the $X_n$ are measurable.   question is essentially the same (but the measure there need not be finite).


I want to ask following question:     How to boot  kernel via NFS without erasing the original on board kernel?   This is equally suited for best for Stack Overflow, Server Fault, Super User, Unix & Linux and Network Engineering.  For such scenario, how does one make a decision on which Stack Exchange is better suited?  Advantage of Stack Overflow is that it will receive faster response due to user base, and also majority of technical question qualify automatically for Stack Overflow rather than a specific site like Unix & Linux.  I am also sure, majority of new user will directly go ahead and put such question on Stack Overflow, thus making specific sites redundant.  Please suggest how you tackle such scenario, thank you.

There seems to be more than a few computer science/programming Stack Exchange networks (is that the correct term?). Stack Overflow, being the first, has by far the most users, questions, and answers.  What is the reasoning for creating the others, and are there clear guidelines for which kinds of questions should be posted? I can see a large amount of potential overflow, many cases of people not getting a good answer to their question, because the person who has the answer isn't browsing that particular network at the moment.  I understand that they were probably created for organizational purposes, but wouldn't it almost make more sense to just have them as categories under Stack Overflow, keep them separated but still connected, instead of making people have to create multiple 'account's, one for each network?  I am sure there was a very good reason to break them up, but as someone that is new to SE, it can be somewhat intimidating to decide which one to post in to ensure you get a good answer. For example, if I am a computer science student, my first instinct might to be to post in the computer science network, until I see that it literally has 1% of the users as the Stack Overflow network, which still seems to be for programming/computer science related questions.  So my second instinct would then to be to post it into the Stack Overflow site on the basis that I have a significantly higher chance of my question being seen and getting a good answer. Then I notice that there is also a 'programmers' network, and I don't even begin to know where that fits in. I, and I am assuming most people, will probably just post on Stack Overflow to be safe.  My question is, other than the short little description blurb of each one, is there a clear cut set of guidelines which what each network is intended for, what kinds of questions should go to each one, and is anything being done to encourage people to post in these newer, smaller (more specialized?) networks as opposed to just posting in big daddy Stack Overflow?  Now again, this is for computer science/programming/"why isn't this code doing what I want?" related questions, I am not saying that if I had a question about Linux or WordPress or something I would have the same confusion.


I recently received the Humble Frozen Synapse (And Frozenbyte) Bundles, and would like to gift my new copy of Frozen Synapse to someone.  I activated all of the codes into Steam, but it doesn't seem to recognize that I own two copies of the game in the gifts list.  How can I gift this?

With the fourth  I received second copy of the third pack that I already own. Is there any way to add the key or the games to my account as something gift/trade-able? Duplicate games don't seem to be rendered giftable (I already owned e.g. Super Meat Boy) so I don't want to risk spending the key by activating the third bundle a second time and simply wasting the key.


As an ESL learner, I find some English constructions quite odd. The following quote, for example, is missing a conjunction between the fact and I work.     "I can't find diapers or milk in the stores for my baby, despite the fact I work all day long. We want a better future."   I would write "(...) despite the fact that I work."  Why don't native writers use conjunctions more often? Is there a rule (that) I'm missing?

He will understand that I was not joking.   He will understand I was not joking.  Which of the sentences is correct? Are there any specific rules about the use of "that" in the sentences I reported as example?


The typo is 1-2 characters. Does Stack Exchange want broken formulas and typos?  What's the rationale for this limit?  (Maybe it's per setup. My current problem is with ham.stackexchange.com.)

I recently came across an  by  which contained a link to a specification that has since been moved. When attempting to edit the link, a change which involved the subtraction of only 4 characters, I ran up against the 6 character minimum requirement.  Ordinarily this would not be an issue. A less experienced poster would likely have other things within the answer that could be changed (). In fact, this seems to be the answer on every meta post relating to this topic (, , etc...).  The problem here, since I don't have 2k reputation, is that BalusC writes excellent answers... with the reputation to back them up. I don't feel there is anything in the post (besides the link) that would benefit from me editing.  What is the standard practice here?   Flag the post and explain my situation in the notes (for someone with higher reputation)? Comment on the post and hope that a) visitors read the comments or b) the OP gets notified and updates their post? Make edits, for the sole purpose of increasing characters, providing no benefit and possibly hurting the quality of the post?   For reference, the EL Specification in the post should be changed to , if someone wants to go ahead and take care of this.


Suppose $f$ is integrable on $[0,b]$, and   $$g(x) = \int_x^b \frac{f(t)}{t}dt$$ for $0 \lt x \le b$   prove that $g$ is integrable on $[0,b]$, and $$\int_0^b g(x)dx= \int_0^bf(t)dt.$$   I know that the key point is how to prove slow increase of $\frac{f(t)}{t}$. I prepare to find a function sequence that has compact support and converge to $g$, and use the monotone convergence theorem. but I can't do that. Can anybody help me?

Let $f(x)$ be continuous except at $x = 0$ and let $a > 0$. Assume that the improper integral $$\int_{0}^{a}f(x)\,dx = \lim_{\epsilon \to 0+}\int_{\epsilon}^{a}f(x)\,dx$$ exists and let $$g(x) = \int_{x}^{a}\frac{f(t)}{t}\,dt$$ Show that $$\int_{0}^{a}g(x)\,dx = \int_{0}^{a}f(x)\,dx$$  I tried integration by parts noting that $g'(x) = -f(x)/x$ and obtained for $0 < \epsilon < a$ the following $$\int_{\epsilon}^{a}g(x)\,dx = [xg(x)]_{x = \epsilon}^{x = a} - \int_{\epsilon}^{a}xg'(x)\,dx$$ or $$\int_{\epsilon}^{a}g(x)\,dx = -\epsilon g(\epsilon) + \int_{\epsilon}^{a}f(x)\,dx$$  The problem is solved if we can somehow show that $\lim_{\epsilon \to 0+}\epsilon g(\epsilon) = 0$. Looking at the definition $g(x)$ we see that we have no information of the behavior of $f(t)$ at $t = 0$ and the $t$ in denominator complicates the analysis of $g(\epsilon)$. Please suggest some hints which can lead to the solution.  Note: This problem is taken from G. H. Hardy's "A Course of Pure Mathematics" 10th ed. Page 397.


I'd like to sync my music and transfer it to my iPhone in Ubuntu 13.04. Trouble is I've tried using Banshee, Rhythmbox, GTKPod and nothing happens. Banshee goes through the process of viewing/adding tracks and it even "appears" to sync music, but when I check it on my iPhone, there is absolutely no music on the device. Over at the  website, it states  Latest Release: 1.0.7 Development/Unstable Release: 1.1.5 Tested with iPod Touch 1G/2G/3G/4G, iPhone 1G/2G/3G/3GS/4/4S/5, iPad 1/2/3rd Gen and Apple TV running up to firmware 6.1.3 on Linux, Mac OS X and Windows.  So I believe I should be able to sync my device. However Ubuntu's version of libimobiledevice is 1.1.4, so how can I update that package exactly? I don't really want to use an unstable package to get syncing to work, but I've found no other solutions. I have even tried installing iTunes with PlayonLinux and sadly, syncing is not supported with Wine at this time. Any suggestions? Any help would be much appreciated.

What ubuntu applications provide support? (guides, how to's, status) Also, specifically, details on support for syncing music to iPhone's and iPod's with the latest OS version:   Can you sync music to apple devices using >iOS4? (iPhone & iPod) What applications allow you to do this and how? (guides, how to's, status)    What has already been established is:   Apple does not support Linux and has no plans to.  provides some support, however it currently does not support music/video synchronization with devices >iOS4. Go to  and scroll to the section titled "" to see if your device version is supported.


Given  ${1 \over x} + {1 \over y} = {1 \over n}$  where $x,y,n$ are positive integers.  Find all possible values of $n$ such that there are only $5$ ordered pairs of $(x,y)$ which satisfies the equation.  I tried taking LCM and trying to factorize it, but I am unable to do so. Please help.   PS- Do not use calculus in your reasoning or solution as I am preparing for an Olympiad which does not allow calculus. You can still upload an answer involving calculus for other's to understand.

I have a question about the following problem from a Putnam review:  Let $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Find how many pairs of natural numbers $(x, y)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}$ solve $$ \frac{xy}{x+y}=n. $$  I have found some solutions for all $n$, such as $(2n, 2n)$ and $(n+1, n(n+1))$, but I feel as though this is the wrong approach, as the question is only asking for the number of solutions to the equation.  I don't really want a complete solution, but any hints would be greatly appreciated.


I am not expecting to get an exact answer but some arguments will be appreciated. Thanks.

I have been in a deep confusion for about a month over the topic of limits! According to our book, the limit at $a$ is the value being approached by a function $f(x)$ as $x$ approaches $a$.  I have a doubt that in real number line we can never ever reach the closest value to $a$ because always a more closer value will exist.  Now when talking about our methods for calculating limit, what method comes in our mind when we have to calculate where the value approaches? Let's say we have to find what value $f(x)$ approaches when $x$ moves from $[0,a)$.  So we calculate the value of $f(x)$ at $x=0$, say $4$, and then at $x\to a$.   But the problem is that we don't know the value $x\to a$, so we say the value is $a-h$ where $h\to 0$ and calculate the value of $f(a-h)$, say $5-h$.  Now here is where my doubt starts! In the final step we put the value of $h=0$ say in that it is an infinitesimal quantity.  My doubt is that $h$ was tending to $0$ means that it was never equal to zero  maybe it is infinitesimally small, not a stationary value, not an imaginable value, but we know for sure that it is not  equal to $0$. Maybe it is the point closest to zero, but it is not equal to zero and when we use the result $5-h=5$ we are actually making an error which is tending to zero. Maybe the error is very small, but still, there is some error in that we cannot calculate it but we can see that there is this infinitesimal error present.  That means we don't get the exact limiting value or last value of $f(x)$.  $x$ belongs to $[0,a)$ but a value approximate to infinitesimal? Isn't it right! We get an approximated value?


Ive been digging all day on a way to handle this. Im showing color swatches for products but I want to only show 1 row and have the rest that don't fit within the box to be hidden and show either a + sign or +3,+4,+5 based on how many cant be seen. The box also changes sizes based on screen size.    I'm open to ideas that dont use CSS overflow but I'm not sure where to start.  HTML and CSS is just one DIV with 15 image tags in it. Height of 20px and overflow:hidden. All of this doesnt matter as I can change it to anything needed though.

Can I use JavaScript to check (irrespective of scrollbars) if an HTML element has overflowed its content? For example, a long div with small, fixed size, the overflow property set to visible, and no scrollbars on the element.


How to set a map in portrait orientation in layout of qgis.3.2.0(bonn).there is no option in  layout view for changing the orientation of paper.

I can't get the print layout to appear in portrait.  It opens in landscape and Layout/Page Setup... allows for portrait, but the layout canvas remains in landscape.  In 2.18 the "Composition" Panel has "Page Size" as its first item, with a drop down Landscape/Portrait control box.      In 3.0.0, the "Layout" Panel does not have this, and I can't find it in the "Item Properties" panel.  Is there somewhere that I can set it to portrait?


I wrote some text in Inkscape using a font called ITC Franklin, then exported to SVG to be able to import it into Blender.   However, it seems the SVG doesn't create instructions for drawing the curves of the font. It just includes a reference to the font used so that whatever application using it is supposed to use that font.   Not sure how it works, but when importing into Blender, it doesn't show anything.

I've tried multiple times to  import a SVG file from illustrator CS5.5 to Blender 2.71 and 2.73. However, I do not see a mesh, curve, or anything pop up in my "Outliner" window. So I know its not so small I can't see it. I even made sure under user preferences that the "import and export of SVG 1.1 format" is "checked." I've tried even just importing text from illustrator and I'm still getting no where. What can I do to resolve this problem? If this is common error with this version of Blender, then what can I do to transform an image into a 3D object in Blender?


I a displaying in a website 2 types of text:   One coming from PHP (either reading from SQL or simply hardcoded) Plain HTML written text   In order to display some Spanish special characters properly, I added the following:  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />   However, now the HTML text does not display the special characters well. The Spanish ñ is showing Ã±.  Any solution to comply with both PHP and HTML?  Thanks

I'm setting up a new server and want to support UTF-8 fully in my web application. I have tried this in the past on existing servers and always seem to end up having to fall back to ISO-8859-1.  Where exactly do I need to set the encoding/charsets? I'm aware that I need to configure Apache, MySQL, and PHP to do this — is there some standard checklist I can follow, or perhaps troubleshoot where the mismatches occur?  This is for a new Linux server, running MySQL 5, PHP, 5 and Apache 2.


I have a project that started as a dependency of another project. As such, the coding effort started from within the git repository of the parent project. We should have used a submodule, but it is in the past and can't be helped. Now, this project stands on its own and no longer has dependencies to the parent project. For many reasons, now we want this standalone project on its own repo without references to the original parent project. It is desirable to keep (most) of the commit history. We want to remove all the folders of the parent project and all commits that touched them, but preserve the history and commits of everything of the new standalone project. Is this possible to do? If so, how?

I have a  repository which contains a number of subdirectories. Now I have found that one of the subdirectories is unrelated to the other and should be detached to a separate repository.  How can I do this while keeping the history of the files within the subdirectory?  I guess I could make a clone and remove the unwanted parts of each clone, but I suppose this would give me the complete tree when checking out an older revision etc. This might be acceptable, but I would prefer to be able to pretend that the two repositories doesn't have a shared history.  Just to make it clear, I have the following structure:  XYZ/     .git/     XY1/     ABC/     XY2/   But I would like this instead:  XYZ/     .git/     XY1/     XY2/ ABC/     .git/     ABC/


I’m designing a product prototype using a single board computer (like a Raspberry Pi) that requires an 8-18V DC supply. It has to become battery powered, so I’m looking into the best possible configuration. Besides the SBC, another component in the device requires a 9V supply. The SBC currently consumes about 200mA when powered from 12.6V and we expect about 1000mA peaks from the 9V device.  The simplest battery configuration seems 3 LiPo’s in series. I’d need an additional buck converter for the 9V rail. What worries me more is balanced gauging and charging of the cells. Compared to single cell LiPo charging it seems rather complicated and I’m having a hard time finding a simple yet effective (pair of) ICs that do the job without having to spend too much time setting things up. For reference, I was quite overwhelmed by TI’s bq40z60 all in one solution. Very nice but too complicated for the time and budget I have.  I could also use a single cell pack with high C rating and boost it up to 9V. Add a simple charge IC and single cell gauge like I used before in other designs and done with it. Of course the run time would be significantly lower than with 3s1p but so much quicker to build!  And I guess 1s3p would increase the runtime again but also complicate the charging and gauging, so I don’t think that is really a good option.  What would you do in a case like this?

I have a  that converts 4.2V  (two 4.2V cells in parallel) to 5V. Another option is to use a  from 8.4V (two 4.2V cells in series) to 5V. Considering both cited circuits are well implemented, which choice would be more efficient in terms of power dissipation?  I am looking for some general rule as "step-down is always preferable than step-up" or "the absolute voltage difference matters" etc.


Let's say someone wants to test the probability that the person has a disease:  the person gets tested for a test accuracy of 98% (P(B|A)), meaning that with 98% of the time (if a person has the rare disease, it'll correctly tell that the patient has it, and if the person don't have the disease, it'll correctly tell that it doesn't have it 98% of the time. ). So,   P(B|A) = 98% = 0.98 P(B|A^C) = 2% = 0.02   We know that the occurance of the disease in the population (P(A)) is:  1 of every 10000 people: 0.0001 P(A) = 0.0001 and P(A^C) = 0.9999   If the person has a positive test result, how likely is the person to actually have the disease? Let's define A: have the disease and B: test is positive.  So the question is what is P(A|B) (probability that the person has the disease GIVEN that the test is positive) Use Bayes' rule to get the result  $$P(A|B) =  \frac{P(B|A)P(A)}{P(B|A)P(A) + P(B|A^C)P(A^C)}$$ $$P(A|B) =  \frac{0.98*0.0001}{0.98*0.0001+0.02*0.9999}$$ $$= 0.004876592$$ so the chance that you have the disease is actually less than $1\%$ (or it is $0.49\%$)      So the probability is not even half a percent that you actually have the disease. How does this makes any sense?

I want to compute whether it is more probable that a patient has a disease or the contrary. If I am given the following information:  $$P(\mathrm{disease})= 0.008$$ $$P(+|\mathrm{disease})= 0.98$$ $$P(-|¬\mathrm{disease})= 0.97$$  To find the answer would it be correct to do the following:  $$\frac{0.008 \times 0.98}{(0.008 \times 0.98)+(0.992 \times 0.03)}=0.2085$$  and then calculate $1-0.2085$ to see which is larger?


My logo is a similar looking diamond like this one of Diamond Supply Co. It's a really similar shape, but the inside markings are different, so my question is would I be sued if I have a similar logo?  BTW: I am in the same business as this brand (clothing)

Note: This is a canonical post created so that we can close the many similar questions as duplicates as discussed in .   We have created a logo for a client and they love it. We've already started preparing the materials that will feature the new logo.   However, after we had created the logo, we found a logo for another company that looks eerily similar. We did not intentionally create the new logo to look like the one of the other company, in fact we didn't even know it existed beforehand, but it does regardless.  What should we do? Is this plagiarism? Can our client use the logo we have created? Should they? Or do we need to come up with another logo that's more different?


I just completed section1, and noticed that there isn't a method covered on how to push an item to the a specific location of the array. For example, if I wanted the array to show  var suits = ["hearts","clubs","Brooks Brothers", "diamonds","spades"]   How would I be able to push in "Brooks Brothers" into the position [2] of the array suits, and shift the rest 1 down? Is there a built-in function in javascript similar to push that would enable me to do this?  I suppose I could always, with some diffculty:  function add (item, position){     var length = suits.length;     for(i = length -1; i >= position; i--){         suits[length] = suits[i];         length--;     };     suits[position] = item; };  add("Brooks Brothers",2) //to add it to the middle

I am looking for a JavaScript array insert method, in the style of:  arr.insert(index, item)   Preferably in jQuery, but any JavaScript implementation will do at this point.


I've been trying to slog through Quantum Physics for Dummies, but can't even get past the first chapter.  There's a lot of talk of Bras, Kets, and Hilbert spaces, but I feel I'm missing the mathematical underpinnings that would make it understandable.  Can anyone recommend a good book to build up my mathematical foundation for quantum physics?  A textbook or study guide would be fine - I'd want a lot of examples and practice problems.  By the end of this venture, I'd like these concepts to be intuitive to me.

What are the best textbooks to read for the mathematical background you need for modern physics, such as, string theory?  Some subjects off the top of my head that probably need covering:   Differential geometry, Manifolds, etc. Lie groups, Lie algebras and their representation theory. Algebraic topology.


Any sources pertaining to how Dumbledore came to acquire Fawkes as a loyal pet?

How did Dumbledore find Fawkes. Did Dumbledore have Fawkes even when working as a Transfiguration teacher or acquired it after having Headmaster position. They both have a very strong bond between them. When did Dumbledore gain this. Update: Dumbledore says that Ollivander wrote to him when Harry's wand was purchased; if Dumbledore did not have Fawkes before 1938, he would not know about the two feathers being in the wands, so Fawkes and Dumbledore must have met and bonded before 1938  “My wand's feather came from Fawkes?” Harry said, amazed. "Yes,” said Dumbledore. “Mr. Ollivander wrote to tell me you had bought the second wand, the moment you left his shop four years ago.” -Harry Potter and the Goblet Of Fire, Chapter 36-The Parting Of the Ways.  Update 2: JKR says that Dumbledore was the only owner of Fawkes. So it is to be believed that Fawkes was a wild Phoenix before its bonding with Dumbledore.  Peter Humphreys for BBC Newsround: Who did Fawkes previously belong to and will he play a vital role in the next book? JK Rowling: I am not going to answer about the role in the next books, which probably gives you a big clue, and he has never been owned by anyone but Dumbledore. You will notice that when Harry goes back in the Pensieve in this book, Fawkes is never there, and  no, I am sorry, not in this book, I take that back. When Harry has previously seen the study with a different headmaster he saw it with Dippet and Fawkes was not there then. Fawkes is Dumbledore's possession, not a Hogwarts possession.


I have been getting requests to share a copy of notes which I took in class for an exam day after tomorrow, but I'm faced with the realization that if I do they will be used with malicious intent by some classmates. I need a way to share these notes in such a way that I can flip a remote kill switch before the exam and ensure that they cannot be easily copied in other ways to smartphones. What is the best way to go about doing this?

I am trying to make folder that everyone can view and can't copy,modify.    For all answers.I thinking about specially ms office files. I tried following methods  Software  - copy protect    - anti copy    This method can't protect save as and upload  MS office macro    Users can enable,disable macros.  MS office restriction    This is best choice but can't protect from file uploading.   Almost I found the solution. Way is combination of MS office restriction and restrict access from browsers using firewall or antivirus. But I don't exact how to do this.


My Database is currently configured in a utf8 format and I am trying to export my database into a spreadsheet using PHP. I am using this spread sheet to import data into google analytics.  Though every time I try to import the code it gives me this error  "Invalid characters in the file. Only UTF-8 encoded characters are supported."  Any insight or a better way to export a mysql db to a csv utf8 format is what I am looking for.  This is the code I am using.    function CreateCSV(){   require_once("/var/www/html/config/DBConn.php");     $select = "SELECT OrderID,Browser,Cookies,GaCampaign,GaContent,GaMedium,GaReferurl,GaSource,GaTerm,Gclid,IpAddress,GID,JavascriptEnabled,Mobile,OS,Pluginlist,ScreenDimension,Timestamp,UserId FROM OnlineSales ORDER BY OrderID DESC CHARACTER SET utf8";    $export = mysql_query ( $select ) or die ( "Sql error : " . mysql_error( ) );    $fields = mysql_num_fields ( $export );    for ( $i = 0; $i < $fields; $i++ )   {          $header .= mysql_field_name( $export , $i ) . "\t";   }   $header= "ga:dimension1   ga:dimension12  ga:dimension17  ga:dimension10  ga:dimension9   ga:dimension7   ga:dimension11  ga:dimension6   ga:dimension8   ga:dimension5   ga:dimension3   ga:dimension4   ga:dimension16  ga:dimension14  ga:dimension13  ga:dimension18  ga:dimension15  ga:dimension19  ga:dimension2";   while( $row = mysql_fetch_row( $export ) )   {       $line = '';       foreach( $row as $value )       {                                                       if ( ( !isset( $value ) ) || ( $value == "" ) )           {               $value = "\t";           }           else           {               $value = str_replace( '"' , '""' , $value );               $value = '"' . $value . '"' . "\t";           }           $line .= $value;       }       $data .= trim( $line ) . "\n";   }   $data = str_replace( "\r" , "" , $data );    if ( $data == "" )   {       $data = "\n(0) Records Found!\n";                           }     $date = new DateTime();    header ( 'Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel') ;   header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=Export".$date->format('m-d-Y_H-i-s').".csv");   header("Pragma: no-cache");   header("Expires: 0");   print "$header\n$data";    }     CreateCSV();

I'm setting up a new server and want to support UTF-8 fully in my web application. I have tried this in the past on existing servers and always seem to end up having to fall back to ISO-8859-1.  Where exactly do I need to set the encoding/charsets? I'm aware that I need to configure Apache, MySQL, and PHP to do this — is there some standard checklist I can follow, or perhaps troubleshoot where the mismatches occur?  This is for a new Linux server, running MySQL 5, PHP, 5 and Apache 2.


I'm not a native English speaker so I need your help on this one. When talking about a company, which one is correct:  1)Why to choose Google 2)Why choose Google?  For a non native speaker...why to choose sounds so strange but I've seen it written on a technology website.   Thanks in advance!

I've always wondered why some people add a to after Why when framing a question. I have always wished to know this, but I keep forgetting to ask and today I came across a tweet that made me post this question here. The sentence that I came across on my twitter feed is:  Why To Treat Your Product Like It's Finished?   Isn't it more appropriate to ask:  Why Treat Your Product Like It's Finished?   I know that all the words in the sentence above have a capital letter in front because this was a title of a post. But that is not the point.  My question is: When do we need to use a preposition like to after a question word like Why? Are there any grammatical rules regarding this usage? If so, what are they?  Why To Treat Your Product Like It's Finished (Even Before It Is) — Buffer (@buffer)


Neofetch says my shell is bash.  However, I was under the impression that i changed my default shell to zsh with the chsh command. Echo $0 shows zsh as my current shell, and echo $SHELL shows bash as my default shell. How do I get zsh to be the default, and will neofetch be able to reflect this?

When I run echo $SHELL the output says /bin/tcsh which means that I am running a tcsh shell. But for example when I issue the following command  alias emacs 'emacs -nw'    I get the following error:  bash: alias: emacs: not found bash: alias: emacs -nw: not found   and when I issue alias emacs="emacs -nw" it runs fine!  This is confusing since I am running tcsh but the commands are interpreted by bash.  What could be the reason?


My Windows 8.1 upgrade is currently downloading via .  I have two laptops running Windows 8 both of which I am planning to upgrade. Since the upgrade requires downloading 3.6 GB, one such operation will take about two days with my Internet plan.   Is there a way I can use this downloaded  file (or make an ISO image from files downloaded) for my other laptop? Or will I have to download it again on my second laptop?  What is the directory where Windows Store places the Windows 8.1 ISO image file, or the  default download location of Windows Store? I guess it may have pre-allocated memory somewhere because none of the HDD partitions seems to be shrinking during the download.   NOTE: I have checked C:\Program Files\WindowsApps by changing permissions and found nothing pertaining the download there. Also, appdata doesn't seem to contain any of these files.

Windows 8.1 is out, and I would like to know if it is possible to share the Windows 8.1 download upgrade between different computers so that I don't have to download it over and over again?  This might be helpful for people who are on a metered connection. Store is downloading 3.42 GB of data so it must be stored somewhere. Is there a way I can copy it to my other computers and start the setup so that I don't have to download it over and over again on each computer I own?


I have a time_t variable, I want to set system time (linux) using this variable.  lets say,  time_t tmp;   I know that I can print this time using ctime(&tmp), and output would be like this.  Tue Jan 13 15:54:47 2015   how can I use this tmp variable to set my system time?  EDIT: This question is not a duplicate of question marked by moderator. For answer, please refer comment section.

Linux provides the stime(2) call to set the system time.  However, while this will update the system's time, it does not set the BIOS hardware clock to match the new system time.  Linux systems typically sync the hardware clock with the system time at shutdown and at periodic intervals.  However, if the machine gets power-cycled before one of these automatic syncs, the time will be incorrect when the machine restarts.  How do you ensure that the hardware clock gets updated when you set the system time?


When I think about it Macs and PCs have very similar hardware. For example examples Macs use Intel Core CPUs and PCs can have them too. Same with GPUs. One main difference is of course Macs run OS X and PCs can't (excluding 'hackintosh').  My question is why, for example, a Snow Leopard DVD will boot on a Mac but not on a PC?

Before starting: lets forget about the EULA and any other legal regulation. I'm not interested in those. Also, since this is a grey line about what I'm going to ask, Ask Different may not be the place to ask:     Installing or using Apple operating systems on non-Apple hardware (and most other explicitly unlicensed use of product)   Continue reading.    Everyone knows that until some years prior OSX (or Mac OS) only could be run in PowerPC CPU's, but that changed when Apple adopted Intel CPU's opening the possibilities of installing OSX in PC's (again lets forget about legalese I'm going for factual and technical references) that users started experimenting until it's is possible. So, anyone knows why is the reason that OSX wouldn't work in normal folks PC? Some piece of hardware that is made custom tailored for OSX that only Mac's has? Or is just Apple folks making users life difficult at technical level?  The question is a mere curiosity of mine, inspired in an very debated answer of mine about installing Mac OS X in a Dell PC.  TL;DR: How they make it so difficult?  References (can be used in answers ;) ):


T'Challa must fight any challengers to be accepted as King of Wakanda after his father dies. After that, he becomes the Black Panther.  Several scenes in the 2018 movie, Black Panther, show he already has the super-strength and super-speed of the Black Panther before the challenge.  Why was he allowed to accept the plant juice that transforms his body before he became king?  I can accept answers from other Black Panther material besides the movie as long as the source is canon.

In Captain America: Civil War, T'Challa takes the mantle of the Black Panther after his father is killed. As the Black Panther, he appears to have enhanced abilities.  In , the Russos talk about T'Challa having superpowers and being enhanced during Civil War     JOE: It can absorb the energy, so it’s much harder to damage him as a character, and you can see that in the movie he can take a lot of punishment including bullets to the face. He is very well trained. He’s from one of the wealthiest countries on the planet, so there’s great infrastructure there; very technologically advanced country. So he’s been trained at the highest levels to fight, but he also has his own superpowers, which derive from the mythology of his nation. Those will be explored more in Black Panther, it’s clearly evident when he’s able to fight the Winter Soldier out of costume, and go toe-to-toe with him, that he is an enhanced individual.    In Black Panther, we see that in order to become the Black Panther,       one must imbibe juice from the heart-shaped flower and visit the spirit plane after being buried.   But before this,       T'Challa must have his Black Panther powers removed prior to the ritual combat challenge, which he does twice in the film.   This raises the question of how T'Challa could have possibly become the Black Panther abroad - or if he even really had.  How did Black Panther have his powers during Civil War?


I changed ISP. My internet works fine, but I get this error when I run a sudo command in terminal:     sudo: unable to resolve host localhost.localdomain   How do I fix this error?

Hello guys  When I run   sudo nano /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf  I get this error :   sudo unable to resolve host localhost.localdomain  I'm trying to set DefaultRoot to /var/wwwas per the following screenshots.    When I press CTRl + X then write Y and press enter,/kbd> it give me this error     Can someone please tell me how to resolve this problem?


Basically does a vector set that is linearly independent in $R^n$ automatically span $R^n$?  My initial thought is yes, but is there some counterexample that can disprove this?

Have $n$ vectors in $\mathbb{R}^n$.  If the $n$ vectors are linearly independent, can we conclude that their span is $\mathbb{R}^n$?


I usually work using recent version of Objective C / Swift which already use ARC. But now I have to continuing the work on progress, which uses an old "situation" of Objective C, which happen to predates the ARC stuff. I have never learn about how to use release and autorelease properly, and now got confused and paranoid.  From what I learn, I can just use autorelease on any of my object initialisation, and not worry about the rest of it, just like if I use ARC. But recently, I began to think whether I also need to add autorelease to:   object automatically created using syntax, which using @ symbol. object returned from method and static method, such as [UIColor redColor].   So now, I began to add autorelease each time I see any object creation. I even began to write:  NSString * data = [@"" autorelease]; MyClass * myClass = [[[MyClass alloc] init] autorelease]; if (flag == true) {     data = [[NSString stringWithFormat:[@"%@%@" autorelease], info1, info2, nil] autorelease];     label.backgroundColor = [[UIColor redColor] autorelease]; } label.text = data;   Can you give me a simple rule of when I need or don't need to use autorelease, because all the autoreleases in my code starts to make me check my sanity of whether I'm doing the right thing or it's just my paranoia. Help!

I'm just beginning to have a look at Objective-C and Cocoa with a view to playing with the iPhone SDK. I'm reasonably comfortable with C's malloc and free concept, but Cocoa's references counting scheme has me rather confused. I'm told it's very elegant once you understand it, but I'm just not over the hump yet.  How do release, retain and autorelease work and what are the conventions about their use?  (Or failing that, what did you read which helped you get it?)


My understanding of algebraic topology and Riemannian geometry come from Nakahara's Geometry, Topology, and Physics, which I do not think is sufficient. I am first year PhD student, and I want to do string theory at my university. Can you recommend me any other really nice books that I should read over the years.

What are the best textbooks to read for the mathematical background you need for modern physics, such as, string theory?  Some subjects off the top of my head that probably need covering:   Differential geometry, Manifolds, etc. Lie groups, Lie algebras and their representation theory. Algebraic topology.


How can I take a string and split it at a special character into two new variables (and remove the special chars) with javascript?  For example take:  var X = Peggy Sue - Teacher   and turn it into:  varnew1 = Peggy Sue  varnew2 = Teacher   I guess it should also include a condition... if the string has a "-" then do this.

I have this string  'john smith~123 Street~Apt 4~New York~NY~12345'   Using JavaScript, what is the fastest way to parse this into  var name = "john smith"; var street= "123 Street"; //etc...


I want to restrict a file upload based on extension type and mime type. However i found the fileextension field will always be null in before or after insert contentversion trigger and filtype field on content will have some different form of string. Ex- For excl filetype is "EXCEL_X" and file extension is null in after insert trigger. I want to get the mime type like 'applicaton/xlxs' or somewhat like that.

I need to stream a file from Salesforce in our webapplication. To make sure the file is properly opened, I have to set Content-Type header.  How to retrieve the Content-Type (MIME) of a file?  I expect values like: image/png, application/pdf, text/html etc.  How to get these values? I am using the Java and a SOAP client to retrieve the data.


How can I prove that     $$1^3+ 2^3 + \cdots + n^3 = \left(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\right)^2$$    for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$? I am looking for a proof using mathematical induction.  Thanks


To comment, one must have at least 50 rep. In , users who are new have good information which would be best suited as a comment but they do not have 50 rep and therefore comment on the question in the answer.  Should all users be able to comment?

Users with less than 50 reputation points cannot write comments on questions and answers that they don't own.  Why does this limit exist? But I want to contribute now. What should I do instead? But I can't write a good answer without more information! Shouldn't I be allowed to post comments if I have reputation on a different site? But I saw a new user posting a comment! How did they do it? Why do I need 50 reputation to comment on my own post?   See also:    in the Help Center


How can Cobb use Mal's totem for a reality check?  Isn't this defeating the whole idea of totems.  That totem belongs to Mal so how can Cobb use that to check for reality. Wouldn't that give inaccurate result??

In the movie Cobb (DiCaprio) tells Ariadne (Page) that the most important rule in choosing a totem is to make sure that no one else has ever touched it.   This is emphasized with flashbacks showing him changing his wife's dream by using her totem which is the spinning top. If the most important rule is to use your own totem and never let anyone else touch it then why is he using his wife's totem? Is there anywhere that mentions what his original totem was?


I just realized that if you use an existing field that is used in another content type and you change the field settings, you end up changing it on the other content types that share the same field. Is there a way to tell where else an existing field is being used?  Example: I have a field called "field_image" and using it in my basic page content type. Now I use it for my blog content type. How can I tell my basic page content type was using that same field?

I am wondering whether somebody has compiled a list of fields which are available for creating content types in Drupal. There are many lists of the most popular modules, but it would be great to have one focusing on existing fields, whether in core, or from third-party modules. I have looked around a bit, but always end up with lists of modules.


I'm sorry if this is a really stupid question; my networking knowledge is pretty sparse.  So, a user makes a HTTP request to some address. That request comes from an address on a local subnet, but the router knows to send the request to its default gateway because the destination IP doesn't match anything else in its routing table. The request hops through the internet and is eventually received by the destination machine (a web server). That all makes sense.  But now, how does the web server manage to send the request back to the local machine? Didn't the request come from an IP address on a local subnet? Where did it pick up the IP address of the local machine's router? And even if it has that router's IP, how does the packet get routed to the local machine once it gets to the router?

If several computers with local addresses (192.168.0.#) are connected to a router and each computer opens a web browser and requests a page over HTTP, when these TCP:80 packets are sent out, the router switches the local address with the static IP of the router (i.e. Provider given IP) so the server can reply to the appropriate address.   But how does the router know to which computer to forward the HTTP reply, since the TCP header does not contain the local IP address (does it?), and all computers are using port 80?  Does this have anything to do with the MAC addresses?   How exactly does this work?


Running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, I tryed to install skype. In terminal:  sudo sh -c ‘echo “deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner” >>  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/canonical_partner.list’   sudo apt-get update   sudo apt-get install skype  E: Unable to locate package skype  sudo apt-get -f install   sudo apt-get install skype  E: Unable to locate package skype So, no skype... How do I get skype?

Note: The legacy Skype for Linux application (v4.*) is now discontinued and was removed from Canonical’s partner repositories, so this question and its answers are obsolete. Please refer to  of our .    I am receiving the following message while I am trying to install Skype:  nidhin@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update nidhin@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install skype Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation:  The following packages have unmet dependencies:  skype : Depends: skype-bin but it is not installable E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages   How can I fix this?


All, but her, had made an attempt.   All, but she, had made an attempt.      If all is the subject of the sentence, should I use a subject or object in the parenthesis statement? Why?  Is this correct way to punctuate my statement?  According to the website, , the correct answer is All, but she,         I have searched for an answer in these two questions, but they did not help me.

One can use 'except' as a preposition, as in the following sentence:     I gave everyone except Mary a present.   Changing 'Mary' for a pronoun we get:     I gave everyone except her a present.   Clearly the following is wrong:     *I gave everyone except she a present   So my question is: does except always take the objective case in English? Consider the following sentence:     All except him agreed   To me, "he" sounds more elegant here, so maybe the noun affected by 'except' keeps the same case it would otherwise have in the sentence. But then:     Except I, we all agreed   sounds definitely wrong compared to "Except me, we all agreed." Perhaps it is not a matter of case at all, but something else? I found this question very hard to google for, so that's all I've got to bring to the table.


In Latvian culture lv-LV there are special characters like 'ā', 'ī', 'ģ' etc. Is there any built-in way, where following code returns true ?  var nameLv = "Jevģeņijs";  var nameEng = "Jevgenijs";  nameLv.Equals(nameEng, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);

I'm trying to convert some strings that are in French Canadian and basically, I'd like to be able to take out the French accent marks in the letters while keeping the letter. (E.g. convert é to e, so crème brûlée would become creme brulee)  What is the best method for achieving this?


Token is a class and it will be used in main the problem is the constructor it wont work as expected i need a way to pass the constructor successfully     if(serviceType=="Cheque deposit") {         counterNumber=1;     }     else if(serviceType=="Withdraw") {         counterNumber=2;     }     else if(serviceType=="Deposit") {         counterNumber=3;     }     else if(serviceType=="Others") {         counterNumber=4;     } }```

I've been using the == operator in my program to compare all my strings so far. However, I ran into a bug, changed one of them into .equals() instead, and it fixed the bug.  Is == bad? When should it and should it not be used? What's the difference?


Hi I have a file with two pages of text and several figures - pdf. I am not able to reach the order I want.  \newpage \begin{figure}[h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{2.pdf} \end{figure}   I used [h] and \newpage but the text is at the beginning of the file and the figures follow although the document start with a figure and then is newpage. Any suggestions?

Is there any package or a method to force LaTeX to keep floating environments like table and figure closer to where they are declared?


The scroll wheel seems to malfunction. As I scroll eg down the page will move down, suddenly move up.   It also looks as if it does not scoll a consistent distance. Sometimes one line, sometimes more.  The same problem crops up in Corel Draw when the mouse is used to zoom in and out. It will erratically zoom in and out even the wheel is moved in one direction only.

On my Windows 7 system, and in all programs, when I scroll down with my mouse, it will scroll partway down then then scroll partway up.  It is totally erratic and is driving me crazy.  I do have a wireless keyboard/mouse, but I do not use the mouse, as it does not work: I have replaced it with a "wired" mouse.  I have tried adjusting the mouse settings (number of lines to scroll, and turned off "acceleration, as I think it was called).  Does anyone know how to fix this?


I am using Ubuntu 12.04. Is there any way to lock the screen or session from a terminal command or script?

How can I lock my desktop screen from the command line?


I was posting a question in Christianity.SE, and the correct tag - Joshua didn't exist. I have privileges to add tags, but it wouldn't take the new one.   Am I doing something wrong, was this intentional, or is this a bug?

How do I create a new tag in the mobile iOS/ Android app? This operation is currently not supported.  When I tap the tags section, a search window opens; when I type something not existing and press Done, the tag section remains blank.  Please add such option to the apps. It is specially important in case of newly launched sites.


I tried making a shortcut to Chrome and making it launch Minimized and go to a specific webpage. If I don't have Chrome already open, this shortcut works exactly as intended. If I do have Chrome already open, it just opens in a new tab in the existing window.  Additionally, if I use this shortcut then use my "regular" Chrome shortcut (that doesn't specify a website or anything), it opens future Chrome windows in a non-maximized window which is also really annoying.  Is this possible?

Are the Google Chrome command-line switches are documented somewhere?  I would like to have the list of all Chrome command-line switches.


I would like to write    \overline{Y}_n   in order to display the mean of Y. This yields:    However when I do this there is a gap between the Y and the n. Using  \bar{Y}_n   yields:    This avoids the gap however in that case the bar above the Y is not long enough for my liking.  I have seen that there exists a question  but that question asks about subscript added to the bar symbol, not subscript added to the symbol(s) which are under the bar.  I'm also aware of this question:  but that question is about what you should or shouldn't do; not a method to solve this problem.  Thanks in Advance!  EDIT: I realize that this question is very similar to this one: , however the answer given below is better than the ones to that question.

I stumbled over a problem, which I assume should be quite common, but I couldn't find a satisfying answer (e.g.  and  are not what I am looking for).    I'd like to get an overline over a symbol, but not over its subscript. Though this is no problem, the grouping destroys the kerning of the subscript. Consider the example:    How can I get the overline just over f like in the second line, but the kerning of the subscript of the first line?  Of course I could adjust it manually with negative spacing, but I wonder if there is a more generic solution.  MWE  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{helvet} \usepackage{sansmathfonts}  \begin{document}  without overline: \[f_t\] with overline and subscript outside: \[\overline{f}_t\] with overline and subscript inside: \[\overline{f_t}\]  \end{document}


In the light of the  to automatically notify the user of any changes to "favorited" questions, this term "favorite" is becoming less and less accurate.   (see the first comment).  In fact, they are pretty much equivalent now -- but I feel that the term "favorite" does not really accurately describe its most common use.  Personally, I don't "favorite" some questions purely because of the wording -- I may want to follow question X (e.g. if I have asked a question as a comment), but I don't want to imply that I think it is a good question, let alone a favourite of mine.  If this classification were renamed "followed" or "subscribed", I would be much more willing to temporarily click the little star in order to receive change notifications.  Alternatively, "favorite" questions and "followed" questions could be treated separately -- the former would go back to how they were before this new feature (users are rewarded, via badges, for the number of users who say they like the question), and the change notifications are moved to the new designation of "followed questions".  However, I'm not yet convinced that there needs to be a distinction between these two states; I'm interested in what others think.

As , we are renaming the Favorites feature to Bookmarks. This allows us to both match how it's currently used more closely and communicate what to expect from it better.  Some more background behind this:   The name "favorites" can be interpreted as giving implicit approval of the post.  In our user research related to the , we found that a significant portion of users used Favorites really as a way to record items of interest that they wanted to return to later (but definitely not necessarily because they like or approved of the post).  The new name reflects more accurately the way that the tool is used (and removes confusion that many users had about the term Favorite and what it implies). This change was made in the context of our work done on the Question Following project, stemming from the research and preparation that was done for that project (many of the original proposals in the Community for Follow attempted to tie it in to Favorites/Bookmarks).    If you're already using this feature, you should expect no changes beyond the naming and the icon. If you've never used it... well, it's got a different name now.  Here is the comparison of the old vs new UI on question pages:     In user profiles, the tab has been renamed to "Bookmarks" but is in the same location and has the same functionality as before.  We've also added a new search operator: inbookmarks. It replaces the existing infavorites operator in the search help pages and output, but both will be accepted and produce the same results.  Questions? Comments? Bug reports? Feel free to leave an answer here.


For some reason on the quest "Molecular Level" there is a green quest mark on it and nothing else. I have chosen the BoS and I have completed the interceptor but Proctor Ingram wont let me power it up because of the quest mark on the work shop. Please Help so I can continue.

I am having hard time powering up Teleporter when aligning myself with Brotherhood of steel.  I don't get additional items required in special build menu, what do I do?


Is there any short enhanced form of for loop which we can use for primitives. I have do the legacy code for looping on to primitives, like this  for(int i=0; i<10; i++){ }   Although for objects, we have ehanced for loop like  for(MyObject m : myObjectList){ }   Is there any similar option for primitives also?

Is there any performance difference between the for loops on a primitive array?   Assume:  double[] doubleArray = new double[300000];   for (double var: doubleArray)     someComplexCalculation(var);   or :  for ( int i = 0, y = doubleArray.length; i < y; i++)    someComplexCalculation(doubleArray[i]);   Test result  I actually profiled it:  Total timeused for modern loop= 13269ms Total timeused for old loop   = 15370ms   So the modern loop actually runs faster, at least on my Mac OSX JVM 1.5.


template<typename T> bool Palindrome(vector<T> word) { vector<T>::iterator start = word.begin(); vector<T>::iterator end = word.end(); for (;start != (word.begin() + word.end())/ 2;start++) {     if (*start != *(--end)) {         return false;     } } return true; }   I cannot create iterator of as in line 3 of code. I have to make a palindrome checker for any data type. Is there problem regarding the syntax or we cannot do it this way. Thanks!  The error message is as follows:  'end' was not declared in this scope 'start' was not declared in this scope dependent-name 'std::vector::iterator' is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type dependent-name 'std::vector::iterator' is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type expected ';' before 'end' expected ';' before 'start' need 'typename' before 'std::vector::iterator' because 'std::vector' is a dependent scope need 'typename' before 'std::vector::iterator' because 'std::vector' is a dependent scope no match for 'operator/' (operand types are '__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator >' and 'int')

In templates, where and why do I have to put typename and template on dependent names? What exactly are dependent names anyway?    I have the following code:  template <typename T, typename Tail> // Tail will be a UnionNode too. struct UnionNode : public Tail {     // ...     template<typename U> struct inUnion {         // Q: where to add typename/template here?         typedef Tail::inUnion<U> dummy;      };     template< > struct inUnion<T> {     }; }; template <typename T> // For the last node Tn. struct UnionNode<T, void> {     // ...     template<typename U> struct inUnion {         char fail[ -2 + (sizeof(U)%2) ]; // Cannot be instantiated for any U     };     template< > struct inUnion<T> {     }; };   The problem I have is in the typedef Tail::inUnion<U> dummy line. I'm fairly certain that inUnion is a dependent name, and VC++ is quite right in choking on it. I also know that I should be able to add template somewhere to tell the compiler that inUnion is a template-id. But where exactly? And should it then assume that inUnion is a class template, i.e. inUnion<U> names a type and not a function?


I've been building a project using some  MOSFETs. I carefully picked the correct values for the MOSFET that I needed, and calculated an estimated Tj based on the thermal resistance of the package I was using.  I only just noticed today the Safe Operating Area graph in the datasheet whilst looking up the pinout for the package. The SOA suggests that this MOSFET (and a lot of others I took a look at afterward) is only rated to "safely operate" in a very small window, despite the much larger maximum operating conditions listed on the first few pages of the datasheet.  Taking the linked datasheet above as an example, it states that the MOSFET is capable of a VDS of 60V and a ID of 43A. A further look on page 4 shows the SOA graph, which states that at any VDS over 10V you are limited to a ID of 10A. I previously assumed that, so long as you stayed inside the maximum ratings and you could cool the MOSFET to below Tj(max), that any value for both of these would be alright.  If the MOSFET is capable of switching a large current whilst staying under the Tj(max), what other limiting factors might there be that would cause the manufacturer to state that they are only capable of smaller currents above certain voltages?

Im trying to figure out the current limitations of a mosfet(SISA18ADN) I'm planning to use to check how much headroom I have.  The datasheet states Continuous Drain Current that it can handle as 12.1Amps at Ta=70degreeC during 10seconds, and 38.3Amps at Tc=25C with no time specification.  But in the Safe Operating Area graph, apparently for DC it can handle less than 0.2A at 10V..? Am I getting something wrong when reading the graph or when reading the specs?  The Safe Operating Area graph is here:


It is well known that the exponential function induces an isomorphism between the additive group of real numbers and the multiplicative group $\mathbb{R}_{>0}$. I was wondering if there exists an isomorphism between the additive group of rationals and the multiplicative group $\mathbb{Q}_{>0}$.

A question that may sound very trivial, apologies beforehand. I am wondering why $( \mathbb{Q}_{>0} , \times )$ is not isomorphic to $( \mathbb{Q} , + )$. I can see for the case when $( \mathbb{Q} , \times )$, not required to be positive, one can argue the group contains elements with order 2 (namely all negatives). In the case of the requirement for all rationals to be positive this argument does not fly. What trivial fact am I missing here?


How to add javascript function to all div, which are generated dynamically. In _data_grid.html, div bucket is generated dynamically with id forloop.counter0. I want to add common javascript function. Like Show and hide the some portion of div. All division are different and Want JavaScript function work separatel. How I will do that.   _data_grid.html
       {% for row in rows%}
             {{ row.render }}
         {% empty %}                                          {{ table.get_empty_message }}             {% endfor %}
   All division will work separately. Please see the following figure, If I click on hidecontent on 1st div then It will hide 1st div on other will hide, If I click on 2nd div then It will hide the 2nd div, no other div will hide.

I have a bit of code where I am looping through all the select boxes on a page and binding a .hover event to them to do a bit of twiddling with their width on mouse on/off.  This happens on page ready and works just fine.  The problem I have is that any select boxes I add via Ajax or DOM after the initial loop won't have the event bound.  I have found this plugin (), but before I add another 5k to my pages with a plugin, I want to see if anyone knows a way to do this, either with jQuery directly or by another option.


Hi assuming you have a name like Cross, Tess or Ross. What is the correct way of writing including the apostrophe assuming the owner is a singular entity?  Eg.  Ross's apples Ross'es apples

Many questions already ask about this topic ( , , etc.) and their answers vary, but they always give exceptions to the apostrophe-s rule, for example:      6.24 The general rule for the possessive of nouns covers most proper nouns, including most names ending in sibilants."   Examples they give include Kansas’s, Ross’s land, and Jones’s reputation. Exceptions include Jesus’  and Moses’.  Which names does this apply to?  Is the Aeneas’  form correct, or is it Aeneas’s instead?


This has been , but a long time ago, and got closed for a rather confusing reason (converting comments to answers is not an "exact duplicate" of converting answers to comments), so I'm going to bring it up again.  I think it makes sense to have a user (not asker) option to convert a comment they posted on a question to an answer on the question, if it turns out it led to the asker figuring out the answer. We've all seen askers reply to comments with "@foo Hey, that was it! Post that as an answer and I'll accept it"; why not make it simple for the user to do that? It seems trivial to implement, and there's no formatting issues like there is going from answers to questions. I'm not sure how it could be "abused", because you need less rep to answer a question than to comment on it. I don't know if the answer's post time should be the time of the comment or the time it was converted; I think probably the latter. I also don't know if the comment should be deleted, left alone, or replaced with a link to the answer; again I think probably the last

I have a question and have seen others to which the best and most relevant answer (at least the one that solved my particular problem) is placed in the comments to the question as opposed to the answers:   I would like to recognize the commenter as the person who correctly answered the question, but there doesn't seem to be any way to do that. The only thing I could think of was to ask the commenter to repost his comment as an answer, but I cannot figure out a way to contact him. In the meantime the question is sitting unanswered and I am getting other "answers" (leading me to believe that people are not reading the comments and answers already posted before trying to answer it themselves).  How are we supposed to do this?  Note: I don't want to accept the comment as an answer (I agree completely with the answers to this question that comments are comments and answers are answers and they should stay that way). I do wonder if there should be some way to contact people in a reasonable manner (comments on their profile that they must opt in to receiving in email?).


I want to identify a specific field inside a commerce order form. The machine name of the field inside the order form is: commerce_customer_profile.  Using Devel Themer I've got:  $form['element']['#field_name'] = 'commerce_customer_profile';   But I don't know if that's correct, or how programatically get that information?  I know that I could add dpm($node, 'Debugging node ' . $node->title); to my node.module file, but how may I do the same with commerce module without actually hacking it?

I want to use the dsm() function of the Devel module to print the $form array of a form, where the form_id is search_theme_form. How to do that?


I know the plaintext (26 bytes long) and cryptotext of block cipher (suspected to be AES) in ECB mode. I can generate hundreds or thousands of such samples, but the samples are not arbitrary. What are my chances of recovering the crypto key using brute force methods or using brute-force + some crypto analysis?  Is there any good guidance to pull off padding oracle?

I have a file, which was encrypted with AES-128 in ECB mode. I know the format of the original file and know that all files in this format have the same headers. So, I have an encrypted block and the original block.  Can I get the encryption key, using this information?


A continuous-time Markov Chain has generator matrix,  $$ Q = \begin{pmatrix}     -1 & 1 & 0 \\     1 & -2 & 1 \\     2 & 2 & -4 \\     \end{pmatrix} $$  (i) Exhibit the transition matrix of the embedded Markov chain.  (ii) Exhibit the holding time parameter for each state.    I'm struggling to understand a lot of the methods and was hoping someone could show me how this works/walk me through it? I assume I need to start with making sure $Q$ is diagonalizable but I'm not really sure how to express the following;  $P(t) = e^{tQ} = Se^{tD}S^{-1}$  But I've never seen a matrix be in the exponential.. I know $D$ is the diagonal of of eigenvalues but I don't know how to express $e^{tD}$. Thank you in advance for your help!

Full Problem: A continuous-time Markov chain has generator matrix  $$Q=     \begin{pmatrix}     -1 & 1 & 0 \\     1 & -2 & 1 \\     2 & 2 & -4 \\     \end{pmatrix} $$  (i) Exhibit the transition matrix of the embedded Markov chain.  (ii) Exhibit the holding time parameters for each state.    OK, I must be misunderstanding something. I have the following for the embedded chain transition probabilities:  $$P_{ij} = \frac{q_{ij}}{q_i}$$  where $q_i$ is the parameters of the exponential length of time that the process stays in i.  The problem is that I know $q_i$ is the minimum with exponential distribution and parameter $\sum_k q_{ik}$.  But when I calculate $P_{11}$ that gives me $-1$ which is impossible..  Obviously there is an error in my thinking but can anyone shine light on what I'm misunderstanding? Thank you greatly in advance.


The famous discovery that the light has speed measures the times of the immersion and emergence of Io, one of Jupiter's moons.  However, I still can't comprehend this. Even when the Earth is further away, the moon will be seen to appear later, sure, but it will also disappear later - so the measured times between disappearance and appearance should be the same, regardless of the distance from the observatory object. How come they are different?

I am trying to understand  ($c$). The geometry of the situation is shown in the image below. The determination involves measuring apparent fluctuations in the orbital period of Io. (Jupiter's moon)    The Earth starts from point A. $r(t)$ is the distance between the Earth and Jupiter. $r_e$ is the radius of the (assumed) circular orbit of the Earth around the Sun, while $r_0$ is the same for Jupiter. $T$ is the period of the Earth's orbit.  Under the assumption that the Jupiter-Io system is stationary, $r(t)$ can be expressed as  $$r(t) = \sqrt{r_E^2 + r_0^2 -2r_0 r_E \cos \left(\frac{2\pi t}{T}\right)}$$  If we further assume that the period of Io's orbit around Jupiter, $\Delta t$ is much smaller that $T$, then it can be shown that the distance the Earth moves, $\Delta r$ when Io completes one orbit is:  $$\Delta r = \frac{2\pi r_E \Delta t}{T} \sin\left( \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right)$$  The point I am stuck is about why is there an apparent fluctuation in Io's orbit as observed on the Earth? And how can we derive the observed delay using these expressions?


Scenario is  public interface IRow {     int Id { get; set; }     string Name { get; set; } } public class ARow : IRow { ... } public class BRow : IRow { ... } public class RowCollection<T> : Collection<T> where T : IRow {    }  public interface ITable<T> where T : IRow {     RowCollection<T> DataRows { get; }     int Id { get; set; }     string Name { get; set; } }  public class ATable : ITable<ARow> {     public RowCollection<ARow> DataRows     {         get;         set;     }  }  public class BTable : ITable<BRow> {     public RowCollection<BRow> DataRows     {         get;         set;     }  }   When i do something like this           List<ITable<IRow>> lt = new List<ITable<IRow>>();         ITable<IRow> ads = new ATable();   I get error, i know its something to do with covariance and contravariance if someone can help me overcome this error will be much appreciated.  For sure i need to learn more on this topic but expecting a quick help on fixing this issue/scenario first.  Regards, San

I didn't attend PDC 2008, but I heard some news that C# 4.0 is announced to support Generic covariance and contra-variance. That is, List<string> can be assigned to List<object>. How could that be?  In Jon Skeet's book C# in Depth, it is explained why C# generics doesn't support covariance and contra-variance. It is mainly for writing secure code. Now, C# 4.0 changed to support them. Would it bring chaos?  Anybody know the details about C# 4.0 can give some explanation?


I run a high school computer science lab with 17 desktops running Ubuntu 16.04 with the standard Unity desktop rather than Gnome.   The users log in with Windows Active directory IDs and have standard user privileges. They do not have access to the root account and are not able to sudo.   Is there anyway of preventing them changing the desktop background or restricting the choice to the standard Ubuntu backgrounds shown in the settings menu? The previous answers I have found refer to the Gnome desktop rather than Unity and refer to previous versions of Ubuntu.  I tried to apply the advice given by @rinzwind and followed the instructions on the linked dconf System Administrator Guide.   I made a directory: /etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks  I made a file called screens with the following content.  [org/gnome/desktop/background] picture-uri='file=path to my background'   With my intended default wallpaper on the second line.  I ran sudo dconf update and rebooted but there is no change.  Does this method also work in 16.04 running Unity?

I am setting up Ubuntu 12.04 with Gnome3 for a computer lab.  I don't want the users to be able to change the background of the computer.  Is there a way to prevent this? Or to revert the background back when the computer reboots?


I'm trying to create users by importing their data from a .csv file by using a bash script. I know basics for bash but I'm getting confused using loops to create this script. The template for the .csv is the following:  Surname,Name,Username,Department,Password

I'm having trouble parsing through a CSV file to add users.  I wrote a small script to add a list of 1000 users:  export IFS=","  cat users.csv | while read a b c d e f g; do useradd -d -u $a -U $d ; done   The CSV file is formatted as:  ps2946,male,Phil Harris,Recording,6508 Hollywood Blvd,Nov 16 1950,760 901 3537 mc3225,male,Mel Blanc,Radio,6385 Hollywood Blvd.,Oct 1 1983,626 647 5560 fn1029,male,Franklin Pangborn,Motion pictures,1500 Vine Street,Mar 10 1911,858 497 6108 we9602,undefined,Webb Pierce,Recording,1600 Vine Street,Sep 3 1988,559 595 6063   However upon running the script it iterates through the entire file repeating:  useradd: invalid home directory '-u'   I used export IFS to separate the words by comma and use them as the parameters for the useradd command.   I read the manual and used the value for the home directory, but I feel like my entire script is off.  Can someone please help me in properly formatting a script to add users from a CSV file?  For reference I used this thread as a base:


I am working on the following system. The RPi will turn off at a low battery signal emitted by the uC (through a GPIO pin), and after a few seconds, I need to be able to turn it off completely (cutting 5V) and then be able to turn it on again. I have thought of a mosfet, controlled from the uC (3.3 logic level) but I don't know which one I can choose and how can i connect it. any ideas?

I'm designing a USB device which can either be powered by USB or an external 5V power supply.  When an external 5V power supply is present, the device should be powered solely by this external supply. Otherwise, the device should be powered by the USB bus. In other words, the external supply should always be prioritized, regardless of voltage level compared to Vbus. This rules out solutions based on diode-ORing.  Furthermore, the device will potentially consume quite a bit of power (several amps), so a solution based on MOSFETs would be preferred. When drawing a lot of power, the external supply is required.  So far I've found only one IC which seems to do what I want, the . However it's rather expensive and supports up to three supplies, which is more than I need. Does anyone know of other simpler (cheaper?) ICs?  I've come up with  which appears to work in simulation, but I'm not sure it will work in practice. For instance, is it possible to get an inrush current from Vbus to Vext during the transition period? Does anyone know of a simpler circuit to safely switch between the two power supplies?


A sequence $\{u_n\}$ is defined as $u_{n+2}=\sqrt{u_{n+1}u_{n}}$   $\forall n \in \Bbb N$ where $0\lt u_1\lt u_2$   Prove that  $\{u_n\}$ converges to  $\sqrt[3]{u_{1}u_2^2}$  $\mathbf{MY TRYING}$ Considering two real positive number $u_{n+1}$ and $u_n$ for any  $n \in \Bbb N$ and applying $AM \geq GM $ (I could show every term of the sequence is positive , using induction procedure) , $$\frac{u_{n+1}+u_n}{2}\geq \sqrt{u_{n+1}u_n} = u_{n+2}$$ or,$$u_{n+1}- u_{n+2} \geq u_{n+2} - u_n$$ So,$u_2-u_3 \geq u_3 - u_1$ i.e. $u_1\leq u_3 \leq u_2$     again,  $u_3-u_4 \geq u_4 - u_2$ i.e.  either     $u_1\leq u_4 \leq u_3 \leq u_2$   or   $u_1\leq u_3 \leq u_2 \leq u_4$   Thus we can not get  a specific order in the terms of the sequence.Then, how to proof the convergence of the sequence. Will Cauchy formula be helpful ?

I managed to show that the limit exists, but I don't know how to compute it.  EDIT:  There are initial terms: $a_1=1$ and $a_2=2$.


I've been working on a Xcode project in my iMac but now that I have a MacBook Air I would like to continue working on that project when maybe I am traveling or in a place where I don't have my iMac. My question is that if there is any way to edit a single Xcode project in multiple computers, I heard something about Git but I don't know exactly what it does. Thanks

Is there any way to use a git repository with the built in SCM functions of Xcode?


How can I generate random numbers between 0 and 31 without call the number twice in Swift Language ?

I'd like to generate unique random numbers between 0 and 1000 that never repeat (i.e. 6 doesn't show up twice), but that doesn't resort to something like an O(N) search of previous values to do it. Is this possible?


I have not seen anything document in in the rules stating that a feat is an extraodinary ability.  I have seen it being categorised as a 'special feature' of the character.  This question has already been asked but with no RAW satisfactory answers IMO.   Has anyone really looked through all the core books, index words, the FAQ, Sage Advice, and  resources with no indications at all what feats as special abilities are categorised as?

In both Pathfinder and D&D 3.5e that it’s based on, abilities are often tagged as extraordinary (Ex), supernatural (Su), or spell-like (Sp). There are a few other categories (e.g. psi-like abilities, marked Ps), and some things that either go unlabeled or have their own category (e.g. spells).  Both games also have feats, special abilities that can be selected once every few levels by those who meet their requirements.  In 3.5, there is a lot of precedence suggesting that feats are extraordinary (Ex) unless the feat description and/or the description of its explicitly says otherwise. Book of Exalted Deeds suggests it by specifying that Exalted feats are supernatural, unlike other feats. Complete Champion does likewise with a number of its Domain feats. In fact, I could swear I remember reading an explicit statement to this effect.  In Pathfinder, things seem vaguer, and I cannot find any statement about the default category of feats (though, I also cannot find any such statement in 3.5e).  Does anyone know if there are any explicit statements in the published rules for these systems that feats are extraordinary unless otherwise specified? An acceptable answer must address both systems, and must either cite a quotation from an authoritative source or else indicate how sure we can be that there is no such default for each system.


I am using an HP pavilion G6 notebook and it has AMD graphic which is not supported by Ubuntu 16.04. I want to downgrade my PC, unless there is any other solution to fix this graphic problem.

I just installed a new version of Ubuntu and I want to roll it back to the previous version.  How can I do that? Is that even possible?


20.04 LTS on Dell Latitude E7250 After updating to latest Ubuntu software, when I rebooted this black screen appeared.  I'm using Ubuntu standalone on my laptop. Kindly help me. PS: I'm very new to Linux (just a month or so). Guide me in a noob friendly way. Update:

dev/sda1: clean, 552599/6111232 files, 7119295/24414464 blocks   After I turn on my laptop this message appears. The system never boots, the message just stays there.


So, I'm making a machine in a minecraft server that detects if someone is holding a cake named Flying Cake and then make them be able to fly. It was working perfectly, until I realized plugin's commands can't use selectors. This is a problem because the /fly command cannot detect which player to toggle flight.  So far I have this command: execute if entity @a[distance=..10,nbt={SelectedItem:{id:"minecraft:cake",tag:{display:{Name:"\"Flying Cake\""}}}}]  And this one: setblock ~2 ~ ~ command_block{Command:""}  What I'm trying to do is make the second command block set the next command block to /fly (player) enable. To do that, you need to get raw JSON in the {Command:""}. I will be using: [{"text":"fly "},{"selector":"@a[distance=..10,nbt={SelectedItem:{id:"minecraft:cake",tag:{display:{Name:"\"Flying Cake\""}}}}]"},{"text":" enable"}]  Is this possible?

I'm trying to setblock a command block with variable data in it. I want to make a variable sized array with an armor stand, and read a custom tag at a variable position. This position should be stored in a scoreboard as well.    Further information:     Minecraft version 1.13.2   Singleplayer mode   I've already tried this command:    /setblock ~ ~2 ~ minecraft:command_block{Command:{"text":"execute store result score posN replay run data get entity highfrequent Pos["},{"score":{"name":"#this","objective":"replay"}},{"text":"]"}} replace   But it doesn't work. It couldn't place the block, and I think I did something wrong with the JSON syntax.    My objective is to have an array which I can read at a variable position.  If anybody has an idea of how to do this, I would be glad to hear it.


I have a laptop with Windows 7 Pro and a Core 2 duo processor. (Lenovo SL510 Laptop) My Lpatop has 6Gb ram. What version of ubuntu do i need? And will it work at all? P.S. I have integrated graphics...

I'm thinking about installing Ubuntu Desktop, but I don't know what flavor is the best for my system. What are the minimum and recommended hardware requirements? What kind of CPU? How much memory? Should I have Hardware Acceleration? What flavor should I use?  This is an attempt of a canonical answer. My answers have the "official  requirements", the recommended are a mix of official sources and opinion based (along with the answer it's told the source). You can comment or edit if you feel that the information is obsolete or incomplete. It is a good rule of thumb that any system capable of running Windows Vista, 7, 8, x86 (Intel) OS X will almost always be a lot faster with any Ubuntu flavor even if they are lower-spec than described below.


I don't see why we should continue to allow people to downvote once a question is put on hold.  Perhaps one can argue that we should still be able to upvote, but even that is questionable.  It seems that we should give the OP some time to fix the question before it gets downvoted into oblivion.  Especially for new users, I don't think it helps them to see their question get put on hold and for them to continue to get downvoted.  I can't see why this would be a bad feature to implement.  Anyone else have thoughts on the topic?  If you feel the need to tell OP that their question is incredibly horrible, doing so in a constructive manner via a comment seems more useful to me than downvoting once the question is on hold.

In seeing some of the potential solutions and problems related to this  I noticed something. Why are closed questions allowed to obtain more reputation for a user?   So my recommendation(even though it's a pain to implement probably) is this(note, this includes all close votes except for migrations)   When a question gets closed, only the question gets retroactively marked as community wiki. By retroactive, I mean all upvotes on the question before closing are undone.  Also note, downvotes are kept. This means a closed question with downvotes will always have a net negative reputation.  When a question is reopened, it gets retroactively assigned to the user instead of the community user. This just undoes point #1.   Details:  Point one solves these problems:   User asks a popular, but "bikeshed" subjective question. Even if the question is closed an hour later, they may accumulate 15 upvotes. With this system, those 15 upvotes won't matter. Downvotes are kept to the user while being closed. This deals with low-quality questions that people should get a negative reputation affect for. However, after being closed downvotes should be assigned to the community user to prevent the downward spiral affect, especially since pitty upvotes won't be able to save them. People can still upvote as a method of suggesting that a question should be reopened. The upvote just won't count for the author of the question until reopened.   I see no actual point in closed questions being capable of acquiring reputation, except for maybe duplicates(but only barely).  So, here is my feature-request. :)  Also, to solve the  you could apply the same thing toward the answers of closed questions. This isn't a big problem with any close reasons other than Not A Real Question, where many low quality answers fall but with users who try to answer them anyway with the small amount of information given. I think those users should not be discredited for their attempts.


I'm trying to print numbers within a method in a class. There is a function get_numbers() responsible to generate numbers should always be outside of the class.  If I try like this, the get_result method keep on printing numbers:  import time import random  def get_numbers():     numbers = [i for i in range(10)]     return numbers  numbers = get_numbers() random.shuffle(numbers)  class NumChecker:      def get_result(self):         print(numbers.pop())         time.sleep(2)  parse = NumChecker() while True:     parse.get_result()   However, when I try like the following, the script throws this error UnboundLocalError: local variable 'numbers' referenced before assignment pointing at if len(numbers)<=5 whereas I didn't get any error when I used this print(numbers.pop()) above:      def get_result(self):         if len(numbers)<=5:             print("updating numbers")             numbers = get_numbers()             random.shuffle(numbers)         else:             print(numbers.pop())             time.sleep(2)   Is it necessary to use global numbers within get_result() to avoid such error?

The following code works as expected in both Python 2.5 and 3.0:  a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)  print(a, b, c)  def test():     print(a)     print(b)     print(c)    # (A)     #c+=1       # (B) test()   However, when I uncomment line (B), I get an UnboundLocalError: 'c' not assigned at line (A). The values of a and b are printed correctly. This has me completely baffled for two reasons:   Why is there a runtime error thrown at line (A) because of a later statement on line (B)? Why are variables a and b printed as expected, while c raises an error?   The only explanation I can come up with is that a local variable c is created by the assignment c+=1, which takes precedent over the "global" variable c even before the local variable is created. Of course, it doesn't make sense for a variable to "steal" scope before it exists.  Could someone please explain this behavior?