switch is not inbuilt in Python language so How can i achieve this concept in python for select one case  in other language code is :  `switch(value)  {    case 0:         print("i'm in Case 0");         break;  case 1:         print("i'm in Case 1");         break;  case 2:         print("i'm in Case 2");         break;  case 4:         print("i'm in Case 4");         break; default:         print("Wrong Value");}   How can i use this concept in Python pleae tell me any Technique for use it?

I want to write a function in Python that returns different fixed values based on the value of an input index.    In other languages I would use a switch or case statement, but Python does not appear to have a switch statement.  What are the recommended Python solutions in this scenario?


I recently started using Linux Ubuntu (18.04.1). After recent update I restarted my laptop to switch for Windows. The next day when I tried to launch Ubuntu, instead regular purple dual boot menu I got this:  Unexpected return from initial read: Volume Corrupt, buffersize 1000 Failed to load image \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi: Volume Corrupt start_image() returned Volume Corrupt System BootOrder not found.              Initializing defaults Failed to open \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi\ - Volume Corrupt Failed to load image \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi: Volume Corrupt start_image() returned Volume Corrupt StartImage failed: 10   And no button works. The main reason I ran here to start this thread is because I can not access Ubuntu recovery mode by any possible way. I know this part: Failed to open \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi\ maybe related to various reasons so it is hard for me to find precise solution. Please, could anyone provide some newbie-friendly quick guide how to solve this issue... Provided there is one that does no include reinstalling OS.

Today after I installed Ubuntu 16.04 via USB on my pre-installed Windows 8 machine, I was required to restart my computer. After doing so I wasn't offered to select an OS, so after searching the internet, I came across Boot-Repair which I ran using the Try Ubuntu option in my Ubuntu installation USB. Following the boot repair I got a message saying,  If your computer directly reboots into Windows, try to change the boot order in your BIOS. If your BIOS does not allow to change the boot order, change the default boot entry of your Windows bootloader. For example, you can boot into Windows then type the following in an admin command prompt: bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi   After I rebooted my PC, I am receiving the following error message for about 3 seconds, after which it boots automatically into Windows 8, without letting me access Ubuntu. Error received while booting after manufacturer's logo, before grub: Failed to open \EFI\BOOT\grubx64.efi - Not Found   Failed to load image \EFI\BOOT\grubx64.efi: Not Found     start_image() returned Not Found    So I tried the other solution of typing that command in the cmd, to which my surprise, worked, and I am now prompted a window (grub) to choose my OS each time I turn on my PC, but unfortunately, I still receive an error each time, that lasts about 3s, after which I can choose my OS (both are working just fine) and work normally. Do you have any suggestions to get rid of the error message each time I boot my PC?


I distinctly remember that the mc of what I was reading could sorta see luck, just by focusing on things and they turn green. It starts out with the mc's past of trying to be a gambler, and then his power starts to fade and he starts to run out of money. He was going to jump into a lake or waterway or something, then some lady comes along and wants him to join some program with other people. He says yes, as long as he gets to be a fancy contract thingy, and when he gets there, people get certain things depending on some system. Most get copper rank, a select few get the silver rank, and I know the mc gets golden rank. He also finds out he has some unique skill that basically color codes things depending on what they are, like red for danger or black for death. I really enjoyed the first parts, but I couldn't remember what this one was called. The art was a solid 7.6/10 and the plot was fun. Also I remember the people receive their ranking along with gifts inside this school-is building and a monster comes out of the gym floor and bites some girl in half, and her little brother tries to save her but fails. Events happen, like one where zombies appear, or you have to gather tokens, and some girl with a hoody has a broken arm. There's this annoying old bitch who causes issues, as well as her douchebag husband fella. I know that the monster and events were some kind of tutorial, and then when the mc gets to the main area (Paradise?), he can take quests from some quest board, and he picks a hard one which involves fighting skeletons, and he fails pretty bad and then he trains and takes the mission again. Thats the most I can remember, so can someone plz help me?

A story about a male protagonist with special eyes that tells him if things are safe or not; green = safe. Can’t remember if it’s a manga or webtoon. It starts with a male protagonist who was dying on a battlefield, the goddess took pity on him, sent his emotions back into his younger self, (not memories). He had eyes that told him what is safe/good and what is dangerous/bad by using colors: green, orange, red. He used this to gamble, his eyes stopped working, borrowed money from his ex-girlfriend (who works in a cafe). Money got stolen while he took a nap by a river, the evil lady who stole his money tried to get him to enter a contract. From his future emotions, he knew he wanted an invitation instead. This leads to a gathering of people in a school gym, their tasks are given. Invited people are given bags with tools. An oni busted out under the floor. People get killed. Stairways with gates, etc. This is considered the tutorial. Points are given after, those points are needed to buy daily necessities. The protagonist had the highest points, given VIP room. Etc.


(We may just assume single parameter model and single variable data for this discussion).  I understand that the "observed information" evaluated at the MLE measures the curvature and hence gives a gauge of how much information our data is giving us. "Observed information" here refers to having already obtained a sample and then computing $-d^2l/d\theta^2$ ($l$ here is log-likelihood).  I also understand the definition of Fisher Information, and I understand that $l$ is random before the data is drawn. However, in terms of an intuitive explanation, Wikipedia and various other sources say that Fisher Information gives a measure of curvature or still tells us information in the same way as I described for observed information. This, I disagree. When I evaluate $I(\theta)$ by average the curvature over all possible $l$, we must keep in mind that $\theta$ need not be the peak of $l$ - for some $l$, it is, but for other $l$, we may be way, way away from the peak, and the curvature that these scenerios contribute to the Fisher Information may lead to funny effects. Why would we care about the curvature at $\theta$ for these weird $l$ where $\theta$ is clearly not a good estimation?  Basically, I am not very convinced on the intuitive explanation given for Fisher Information. Is the intuitive explanation commonly given a correct one?

Suppose we have a random variable $X \sim f(x|\theta)$. If $\theta_0$ were the true parameter, the the likelihood function should be maximized and the derivative equal to zero. This is the basic principle behind the maximum likelihood estimator.   As I understand it, Fisher information is defined as   $$I(\theta) = \Bbb E \Bigg[\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}f(X|\theta)\right)^2\Bigg ]$$  Thus, if $\theta_0$ is the true parameter, $I(\theta) = 0$. But if it $\theta_0$ is not the true parameter, then we will have a larger amount of Fisher information.   my questions    Does Fisher information measure the "error" of a given MLE? In other words, doesn't the existence of positive Fisher information imply my MLE can't be ideal?  How does this definition of "information" differ from that used by Shannon? Why do we call it information?


No matter how many fences I put up my villagers always fall into the portal and into the nether. Is there a possibility that there is a way to turn the portal on or off? I know you basically start a fire and the portal opens. Can I snuff out the fire without destroying one of the portal blocks?

Since it is no longer possible for flowing water to deactivate a Nether portal, you can't use pistons to push blocks into the nether portal and finally you can't move the obsidian powering the portal with pistons; is it possible to deactivate the portal some other way with redstone?  I'm not too interested in detonating TNT near the portal either, ideally the method needs to be reusable and not destroy the surrounding mechanisms.   Bonus points for activating a Nether portal with redstone as well.


I am developing an autoencoder for CIFA10 dataset, without adding noise at the input (which is 2nd goal).  The Convnet based autoencoder is not converging: Any suggestions  input_img=Input(shape=(32,32,3))    x=Conv2D(16,(3,3),padding='same',activation='relu')(input_img)  x=MaxPooling2D((2,2),padding='same')(x)  x=Conv2D(8,(3,3),padding='same',activation='relu')(x)  x=MaxPooling2D((2,2),padding='same')(x)  x=Conv2D(8,(3,3),padding='same',activation='relu')(x)  encoded=MaxPooling2D((2,2),padding='same')(x) x=Conv2D(8,(3,3),padding='same',activation='relu')(encoded)  x=UpSampling2D((2,2))(x)  x=Conv2D(8,(3,3),padding='same',activation='relu')(x)  x=UpSampling2D((2,2))(x) x=Conv2D(16,(3,3),padding='same',activation='relu')(x)  x=UpSampling2D((2,2))(x) decoded=Conv2D(3,(3,3),padding='same',activation='sigmoid')(x) autoencoder=Model(input_img,decoded) (x_train,_),(x_test,_)=cifar10.load_data()  x_train=x_train.astype('float32')/255  x_test=x_test.astype('float32')/255  x_train=x_train.reshape(len(x_train),32,32,3)  x_test=x_test.reshape(len(x_test),32,32,3)    autoencoder.compile(optimizer='Adam',loss='binary_crossentropy') autoencoder.fit(x_train, x_train,              epochs=50,             batch_size=64,             shuffle=True,             validation_data=(x_test, x_test))   Even for large epochs i get a plateaue of loss

I'm training a neural network but the training loss doesn't decrease. How can I fix this?  I'm not asking about overfitting or regularization. I'm asking about how to solve the problem where my network's performance doesn't improve on the training set.    This question is intentionally general so that other questions about how to train a neural network can be closed as a duplicate of this one, with the attitude that "if you give a man a fish you feed him for a day, but if you teach a man to fish, you can feed him for the rest of his life." See this Meta thread for a discussion:   If your neural network does not generalize well, see:


I am working on the following exercise, but I really don't know how to start this: Let $X$ be a normed space, and let $W$ be a linear subspace. Fix a $f_W \in W'$. Prove that the following are equivalent:  a) $W$ is dense in $X$ b) there exists a unique extension of $f_W$ to a continuous linear functional on $X$.  I know that a linear functional $f_X$ is an extension of $f_W$ if $f_X(u)=f_W(u)$ for all $u \in W$. And $W$ is dense if every point in $X$ is contained in $W$, or a limit point of $W$. I am very thankful for help!

I would like to show that a continuous functional on a subspace $W$ of a normed space $(V,\|\cdot \|)$ has a unique continuous extension to $V$ iff $W$ is dense in $V$.  I have proved $(\Leftarrow$). But the converse is currently eluding me! Help would be much appreciated!


How do I type the symbol in attached file?

I know what my symbol or character looks like, but I don't know what the command is or which math alphabet it came from. How do I go about finding this out?


I have a new latitude 5450 with ubuntu 14.04 and Intel 7265 wireless card. My problem is that the wifi connection is unstable and sometimes is does not work at all.

I yesterday upgraded from Windows to Ubuntu 15.04 but I have problem with my wireless adapter Intel Corporation Wireless 7260 (rev 73). It randomly loses internet connection. Restarting adapter always helps. (same it did with Windows, except that sometimes restarting adapter didn't help).   Additionally, I have weaker connection then I had with Windows.  Thank you!


I am new to Ubuntu and am using the  to develop in Pyton and have a directory in /home/myPython/ containing .py files.   I would like to type a file name from the terminal (E.G. colors.py) and python would load and execute it.  I tried putting myPython\ files into what I thought was the path but that didn't help.  How should I proceed?

How do I add a directory to the $PATH in Ubuntu and make the changes permanent?


I'm trying yo use an array that is created in one class and using Clone() To clone it into another class by triggering a method but its throwing a null pointer exception   int[] mat[]; int N;  int SRN; int K; int send[][]; Generate() {   } Generate(int N, int K)  {      this.N = N;      this.K = K;       // Compute square root of N      Double SRNd = Math.sqrt(N);      SRN = SRNd.intValue();      mat = new int[N][N]; }  public int[][] SendAry() {     return send.clone(); }   and call this method from another class and string it in an array      Generate ARY=new Generate();     int Values[][]=ARY.SendAry();

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


/*     mysql.sql - mqtt2sql MySQL database objects      Copyright (C) 2020 Norbert Richter <nr@prsolution.eu>      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or     (at your option) any later version.      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the     GNU General Public License for more details.      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  Usage:     See README.md for more details how to install and use     https://github.com/curzon01/mqtt2sql#mqtt2sql */   /* Comment out or adapt the following lines if you want to use another  * existing database and objects  */ CREATE schema IF NOT EXISTS mqtt; USE mqtt;  DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `mqtt_before_insert`; DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `mqtt_after_insert`; DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `mqtt_after_update`; DROP VIEW IF EXISTS `mqtt_history_view`; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `mqtt_history`; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `mqtt`; /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */   /* Create database objects */  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mqtt` (     `id` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,     `ts` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,     `topic` TEXT NOT NULL,     `value` LONGTEXT NOT NULL,     `qos` TINYINT(3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,     `retain` TINYINT(3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,     `history_enable` TINYINT(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,     `history_diffonly` TINYINT(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,     PRIMARY KEY (`topic`(255)),     UNIQUE INDEX `id` (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mqtt_history` (     `id` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,     `ts` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,     `topicid` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,     `value` LONGTEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,     PRIMARY KEY (`id`),     INDEX `topicid` (`topicid`),     INDEX `ts` (`ts`),     CONSTRAINT `FK_mqtt_history_mqtt` FOREIGN KEY (`topicid`) REFERENCES `mqtt` (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;  DELIMITER // CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS `mqtt_before_insert` BEFORE INSERT ON `mqtt` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN     DECLARE new_id INTEGER;      SET new_id=(select max(id)+1 from mqtt);     IF NEW.id != new_id THEN         SET NEW.id = new_id;     END IF; END// DELIMITER ;  DELIMITER // CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS `mqtt_after_insert` AFTER INSERT ON `mqtt` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN     IF NEW.history_enable = 1 THEN         INSERT INTO mqtt_history SET ts=NEW.ts, topicid=NEW.id, value=NEW.value;     END IF; END// DELIMITER ;  DELIMITER // CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS `mqtt_after_update` AFTER UPDATE ON `mqtt` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN     IF NEW.history_enable = 1 AND (NEW.history_diffonly = 0 OR (NEW.history_diffonly = 1 AND OLD.value != NEW.value)) THEN         INSERT INTO mqtt_history SET ts=NEW.ts, topicid=NEW.id, value=NEW.value;     END IF; END// DELIMITER ;   CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS `mqtt_history_view` AS SELECT     h.id,     h.ts AS 'ts',     m.ts AS 'ts_last',     m.topic,     h.value FROM mqtt_history h INNER JOIN mqtt m     ON m.id = h.topicid;  MySQL said: Documentation #1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'IF NOT EXISTS mqtt_before_insert BEFORE INSERT ON mqtt FOR EACH ROW BEGIN ' at line 1 what is problem please help me

I have a script that creates triggers, I would like to run it multiple times and if a trigger already exist it needs to skip the creation part.   Is there a "create if not exist" in mysql triggers?  I tried :      IF NOT EXISTS ((SELECT TRIGGER_NAME         FROM information_schema.triggers         WHERE TRIGGER_SCHEMA = 'xxx_admin' AND TRIGGER_NAME = 'test_AFTER_UPDATE'))          THEN     CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` TRIGGER `xxx_admin`.`test_AFTER_UPDATE` AFTER UPDATE ON `test` FOR EACH ROW         BEGIN         INSERT INTO auditTest          select *, now() from test where id = NEW.id;         END;   END IF;   I get : syntex error " 'IF' is not valid input at this location


I am an Indian citizen travelling from India to Italy on a student visa via the UK. My flight stops at Heathrow for 2.5 hours. Will I be required to have a transit visa?

Is there a website or some other way to find out if I need a transit visa for a short stop in the UK on my way somewhere else? Ideally this should give me the answer for all nationalities, and take into account any other visas I may have.


When i boot from USB and select the partition for the installation,there is an error message.Is this due to my hard drive partition in windows is dynamic?If so how do i make it to static and install ubuntu along with windows?

I've been trying to install 12.04 for a while now, I'm running on Windows 7 and I already made the partition (it's dynamic). I've tried booting from a disc and also the Windows installer. I haven't tried used any repair-boot programs or anything. Every time I tried to load from either, I get an error:  command=C:\windows\sysnative\bcdedit.exe /set {03f9077f-661f-11e1-845a-d08b36406c3d} device partition=U;  retval=1  stderr=An error has occured setting the element data. The request isn't supported  stdout=   Then after that, it makes a log file with information that I don't understand.  If it is simply due to the fact of it being a dynamic partition, someone please help. If it is more extensive, anyone with details on possible solutions or definite ones please express them.


I am missing a bunch of objects when opening some old blender files (it has nothing to do with the collection visibility like in this post: )   I just installed the 2.79b on another system to doublecheck the problem... and I can access all files in the old blender version - but I realized that the problematic objects were hidden in the old file.... So I made them visible and - guess what - they showed up in 2.8!   Funny thing is that 2.8 shows these objects as "visible" but greyed out...   I can share the .blend file but am not sure how this is normally done within stackexchange...    Appending the missing objects to the current file results in the same problem - the objects show up as "visible" but are greyed out - and cannot be found somewhere in the viewport...  This is rather frustrating because I have lots of old blender files where the visibility of objects is a thing of organizing my stuff ( I use blender only for modeling 3d printed stuff)... And blender 2.79b and 2.8 cannot co-exist as far as I know...    Any ideas?

I just got a updated to blender 2.8 and my objects that were in hidden layers are gone now, the collection layer tells me that they are in the scene but I cant unhide them also the collection is grayed out as well.


I would like to request relaxing of moderation rules to some extent, at least for new users, so that it will help new users like me get answers to their questions. It will also enable us to learn more about the sites and understand the rules on our own.  The forums I've seen, allow opinion and discussion unlike these Q&A sites. There can be a separate Stack Exchange site which can integrate all topics. It can be a site for many kinds of 'off topic' questions just like a forum, rather than a boring Q&A site. It can also have moderators from various fields to keep an eye on it, based on the tags. It is difficult for everyone to find the best place to ask their questions on their own.  I feel these 'strict' rules keep the sites running in the long run and make moderation much easier. If the question is from a new user, that's it! It's 'on hold' with the reason as 'off topic' or 'too broad' or something else. I don't think those with good reputation ever end up with a question being put on hold!  It should not be a condition that the user should know at least something about what he wishes to ask. Questions are asked in forums and Q&A sites basically to simplify the work to be done. If a person can search using search engines, all day long, to find an answer, then there would be no need for forums and Q&A sites at all!!  Some more suggestions:     Questions and answers can have gold badges for most number of votes and most number of moderator votes and all gold badge questions can be grouped together. The moderators can also regularly keep posting updates and information related to their field which should be easily accessible to everyone.   If these things are reviewed then it would be of great help to many users and other than that these groups of sites have an excellent power in shaping individuals and those who work. I expect positive opinion from moderators and site administrators in this regard.

Guys, I just wonder if people are allowed to have civilized discussion (on any IT topic) on this forum without actually being accused of starting a row. I'm asking this question for a reason that few days I've asked few questions referring to VM, JIT etc. and compared them to C++ way and despite the fact that I've explained myself that I'm not starting any agro with anyone, that I'm really just genuinely curious, my post was first closed and then removed. I'm asking: What's wrong with asking nonstandard questions which sometimes my be quite difficult to answer? Thanks


This is a simple question, but I have no idea with this. Can a commutative ring $R$ with identity be isomorphic to the product ring $R\times R$?  It is clear that this is not true when $R$ is an integral domain, because $R$ has no zero divisors while $(0,1)(1,0)=0$ in $R\times R$. But does this still false in the general case?

I know from  that $R \times R$ can be isomorphic to $R$, as $R$-modules.     But can they ever be isomorphic as rings?


I have a 73 by 426 matrix, where 73 is the number of my observations, and 426 is the number of my features/dimensions. When I perform the PCA, I expect to get a 73 by 426 score matrix; instead, I get a 73 by 72 matrix. I assume this is because I have more dimensions than observations. Is there a way to overcome this problem?   Here is my code in Matlab:  [coeff,score,~,~,explained] = pca(class1Sgn);

In PCA, when the number of dimensions $d$ is greater than (or even equal to) the number of samples $N$, why is it that you will have at most $N-1$ non-zero eigenvectors? In other words, the rank of the covariance matrix amongst the $d\ge N$ dimensions is $N-1$.  Example: Your samples are vectorized images, which are of dimension $d = 640\times480 = 307\,200$, but you only have $N=10$ images.


When I run this command:  https_proxy=http://myproxy.com/ aws [aws-param]   the proxy is picked up by the aws command line tool.   However - when I do this:  https_proxy=http://myproxy.com/  aws [aws-param]   the aws command doesn't pick up the proxy.   To me, they're the same from a unix point of view. Is this something about the way python reads environment variables?  My question is: Why does an inline variable definition work but a previous line does not for an aws command?

One of my coworkers has provided me with a Bash syntax that I am unfamiliar with.  My Google foo has failed me on figuring out what it does and why/when I should use it.    The command that he sent me was of this form:  someVariable=something command   Initially, I thought that this was equivalent to the following:   someVariable=something ; command   Or  someVariable=something  command   But this doesn't appear to the be case.  Examples:   [Jan-03 11:26][~]$ # Look at the environment variable BAZ. It is currently empty [Jan-03 11:26][~]$ echo $BAZ  [Jan-03 11:27][~]$ # Try running a command of the same format     [Jan-03 11:27][~]$ BAZ=jake echo $BAZ  [Jan-03 11:27][~]$     [Jan-03 11:27][~]$ # Now, echo BAZ again. It is still empty:     [Jan-03 11:27][~]$ echo $BAZ  [Jan-03 11:27][~]$     [Jan-03 11:28][~]$     [Jan-03 11:28][~]$ # If we add a semi-colon to the command, we get dramatically different results: [Jan-03 11:28][~]$ BAZ=jake ; echo $BAZ jake [Jan-03 11:28][~]$ [Jan-03 11:28][~]$ # And we can see that the variable is actually set: [Jan-03 11:29][~]$ echo $BAZ jake [Jan-03 11:29][~]$   What does this syntax do?  What happens to the variable that has been set?  Why does this work?


I have the impression that if one defines a macro inside the definition of another one, then #1 and so on indicate the outer macro's arguments, while ##1 indicates those of the inner one. Is that right? Could one theoretically go furher, i.e. define a macro inside the definition of a macro defines inside the definition of a third one, thus using ###1 for the innermost macro's argument? If so, how many levels of nesting would be allowed?

I've seen sometimes that people use a double pound sign (##) when defining/using arguments.  What is the difference between the normal argument, #1, and the double sign one, ##1? Are there any restrictions for its use? Can you list the good practices, if any, for this type of arguments.


It is i'm sure quite a simple question but i was not really able to find an explanation of this online and does not seem to be explicitly called out in the typical expositions i've seen.   I get how 10 fold cross validation works to recursively partition the dataset into 9 train and 1 test set 10 times to get an estimate of out of sample performance.   What i'm not sure is how the 10 models are then aggregated into one single model that can be used to predict against a new dataset.  e.g. say i do 10 fold linear regression. my understanding is that i then have 10 individual models (with individual coefficients, se, p-values etc.) built on 10 subsamples of 9/10's of the data - is the 'final model' just an average of each of the individual models e.g. just average to coefficients of each model? This is the bit i was never quite sure on...

TL:DR: Is it ever a good idea to train an ML model on all the data available before shipping it to production? Put another way, is it ever ok to train on all data available and not check if the model overfits, or get a final read of the expected performance of the model?    Say I have a family of models parametrized by $\alpha$. I can do a search (e.g. a grid search) on $\alpha$ by, for example, running k-fold cross-validation for each candidate.   The point of using cross-validation for choosing $\alpha$ is that I can check if a learned model $\beta_i$ for that particular $\alpha_i$ had e.g. overfit, by testing it on the "unseen data" in each CV iteration (a validation set). After iterating through all $\alpha_i$'s, I could then choose a model $\beta_{\alpha^*}$ learned for the parameters $\alpha^*$ that seemed to do best on the grid search, e.g. on average across all folds.  Now, say that after model selection I would like to use all the the data that I have available in an attempt to ship the best possible model in production.  For this, I could use the parameters $\alpha^*$ that I chose via grid search with cross-validation, and then, after training the model on the full ($F$) dataset, I would a get a single new learned model $\beta^{F}_{\alpha^*}$   The problem is that, if I use my entire dataset for training,  I can't reliably check if this new learned model $\beta^{F}_{\alpha^*}$ overfits or how it may perform on unseen data. So is this at all good practice? What is a good way to think about this problem?


Is there a more commonly used phrase or idiom other than      I've punched several tons above my weight   Of course, I know the original expression is "I've punched above my weight" but I need to emphasise just how much!  The context of this:  "Hey guys, I just had a date with [X], I have to say I've punched several tons above my weight!" meaning that I went out with someone who is much more attractive than someone I could usually date due to my relatively less nice appearance.

What words do we use to describe an unmatched couple, for instance, the female is much more attractive than the male, or the other way around?   If we found that a girl is out of the league of her boyfriend (8 vs 5), or the other way around, how would we describe such a couple?


I am trying to create a latex document  that has a graphic: temp.pdf  \begin{figure} \centering  \includegraphics[width=30cm,scale=1]{temp.pdf} \end{figure}   This works fine if the graphic file is present, however if it is not, I get the text:   temp.pdf in the document.  How can I switch this off so that if temp.pdf is not present, then latex simply ignores the includegraphics command.

I was recently in charge of organizing all of the references and labels in a very large scientific proposal document.  My workflow typically involved compiling the document, seeing a "There were undefined references." statement, and then searching the resultant PDF file for the usual "?" or "??."  Sometimes those missing references were in regard to labels for figures that were used throughout the text and not something in our bibliography.  It got me wondering:   Is it possible to have a "dummy" or "default" figure to use in \includegraphics statements if the requested file is missing?  Perhaps a use case would be if in the LaTeX document there were a command such as \includegraphics{scaling.pdf}, but scaling.pdf doesn't exist in the current directory, so we use the existing dummy.pdf automatically.  I assume this involves renewcommand'ing the includegraphics command, but how should one go about doing  it for this scenario?


We've been putting the finishing touches on the Stack Exchange iOS app update for the iPad and need your help testing.  We wish we could say more... so we will.  The iPad update is bigger than  bigger and rethinks the way we display the feed, user profiles and questions.  Pretty screenshots      How to Sign Up  To register for alpha testing .  If you are already an alpha  tester for the iOS app, dig up that old email on your iPad and dive right in or sign up again if you can't find it.  After you register we will send you an e-mail with instructions on how to  download the app on your iPad. The invitations will be sent out in waves, so if you don’t get an invite immediately, be patient.  Providing Feedback  Like with the beta, crash reports will be automatically reported back to us  using . Bugs or feature requests should be reported here on meta and tagged . (For reporting purposes, the app version number can be displayed in the app by tapping the question mark near the bottom of the menu).  As always, we welcome your feedback and are committed to building the best mobile app possible for browsing the Stack Exchange sites.

Given the , I'm following  and going mainstream using Apple's TestFlight beta testing product.  To enroll in the iOS app beta program, .  Existing testers will need to reenroll.  After you register (but not immediately) you will receive instructions from Apple for installing the app on your phone. The invitations will be sent out in waves, so if you don’t get an invite immediately, be patient.  Crash reports will be automatically reported back to us using . Bugs or feature requests should be reported here on meta and tagged .  The easiest way to report a bug/feature request is in the About page at the bottom of the menu.  These options include relevant build and device information in your post.  As always, we welcome your feedback and are committed to building the best mobile app possible for browsing the Stack Exchange sites.  How is this different from the existing beta program?  For testers:   All updates are done through the Test Flight app, meaning there's no secret link to lose. You can get optional email or push notifications from Test Flight alerting you to the updated build and what's changed. The app isn't installed separately from the production app. It appears and behaves exactly like the App Store build app except that it has new features and an orange dot before its name:     For us:   The beta precisely emulates the behavior of the App Store build. It significantly lowers the gap between releasing to the beta channel and releasing to the App Store, making it much easier to ship new releases. It makes shipping a beta harder. (You win some, you lose some.)


I would like to use the style of title given by the following code in article class. Some amendments to the code will have to be made, but I cannot seem to get it to work. I'd be grateful of some help on this, thanks.   \documentclass{beamer} \usepackage{framed} \usepackage{colourchange} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}%      pour les maths \usepackage{enumitem} \usepackage[most]{tcolorbox} \usepackage{tikz}  \newcommand{\sectiontitlepage}[1]{ \selectmanualcolour{#1} \begin{frame} \begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced,     title=\sc Part \thesection, center title,     fonttitle=\bfseries,     coltitle=black,     colbacktitle=#1!50!white,     colback=#1,     colframe=#1!50!black,     attach boxed title to top center={yshift=-0.25mm-\tcboxedtitleheight/2,yshifttext=2mm-\tcboxedtitleheight/2},     boxed title style={enhanced,boxrule=0.5mm,frame code={ \path[tcb fill frame] ([xshift=-4mm]frame.west) -- (frame.north west) -- (frame.north east) -- ([xshift=4mm]frame.east)-- (frame.south east) -- (frame.south west) -- cycle; },     interior code={ \path[tcb fill interior] ([xshift=-2mm]interior.west)-- (interior.north west) -- (interior.north east)-- ([xshift=2mm]interior.east) -- (interior.south east) -- (interior.south west)-- cycle;}} ]    \center\LARGE\textcolor{black}{\secname}   \end{tcolorbox} \end{frame} } \begin{document} \section{A part} \sectiontitlepage{white} \end{document}

I've found a thesis with really beautiful chapter headings that I would like to use. What package am I going to need and how would I go about creating a heading that looks like the one below. Also, if you have or know of any nice headings do please share!


A disk is rolling (not sliding) in the inclined plane with initial velocity of zero. So there is friction between disk and plane. But when we use the energy conservation rule, we consider as:  gained kinetic energy + gained rotational energy = lost potential energy   So here is there no work against friction? Can anyone explain?    My second question is a practical question. If in the first question there is no work done by friction, explain this scenario: rolling a disk in a plane with initial velocity of $V$, but it stops in a short distance. How this is possible to use energy conservation theory?  lost kinetic energy + lost rotational energy = ?     But most people say here also that work done by friction is zero and air friction stops the disk.  Can anybody explain the work done by friction thing in depth?

During analysis of , why do we consider coefficient of friction as that of static friction and not kinetic friction?


If you eject a USB flash drive in Windows and do not remove it from the port, you cannot access it any more unless you remove it from the port and plug it in again.  How can you access it again without removing it and plugging it back in again?  Is there a command or script I can use?

There are times after I eject a USB Flash drive, I want to copy some more files over to the USB Flash drive.  In this case, do I always need to unplug the drive and plug it back in?  Is there a way to "reconnect" or "un-eject" the drive?  To eject, that are two ways:   Right click the drive (say H:) and choose Eject   Click "Safely remove hardware" from the icon tool   But there seems to be no way to un-eject or reconnect a drive.


I am trying to launch Minecraft.jar and I cannot make it boot as an executable. I have gone into the properties and set it to executable, and I have installed jdk-7u55-nb-8-linux-x64.sh with and without superuser. I do run a x64 computer. I recieved the file from the website . I have tried ./Minecraft.jar and java -jar Minecraft.jar  Output of java -jar Minecraft.jar  The program 'java' can be found in the following packages:  * default-jre  * gcj-4.6-jre-headless  * gcj-4.7-jre-headless  * openjdk-7-jre-headless  * openjdk-6-jre-headless Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package>   Output of ./Minecraft.jar  ./Minecraft.jar: line 1: $'PK\003\004': command not found ./Minecraft.jar: line 2: $'\b\b\222t\354B\002': command not found ./Minecraft.jar: line 3: syntax error near unexpected token `)' K-*��ϳR0�3���M���u�I,.�R�K-����KM.JL+�K��/).)J,�s��x�x�PK'K-.

I want to install Oracle's JRE and to update to the latest version with the Software Updater when they released. Is there a Ubuntu package that is provided by Canonical or Oracle?  Before release Java 7, I followed  to install Java 6.  But it doesn't work for Java 7. There is no package sun-java7-xxx. How can you install Java 7?


If there is a disc rotating about its centre, let the surface be frictionless and if a coin is placed anywhere on the disc (not at the center) why doesn't it fly off even though there is a centrifugal force acting on it with respect to the disc's frame?

Imagine that a pebble is placed on a uniformly rotating, frictionless disk.  What will happen to this pebble? Will the disk slide under it and the pebble stay as is? Or will there be a centrifugal force on the pebble and it'll be thrown off the disk?


I just saw this on my textbook but I didn't quiet understand the thing can someone give an easy explanation.... Thanks

The the title is self explanatory, I guess.  Why can two (or more) electric  never cross?


Suppose a group of friends are having a discussion and the turn comes to one of the friends who says the below sentence.  "I respect each and every one of you's opinions"  Is this sentence grammatically correct?   If it is, then is even "Each and every one of you's opinion also correct?

I just stumbled upon a :     My wife and I's seafood collaboration dinner. How does it look?   Sure enough, the top comment immediately points out that it should be "my wife's and my". However, a cross-post to the Grammar subreddit produced :     It's fine as it is written. "my wife and I" is a noun phrase, functioning as a subjective pronoun in the singular and made possessive with the apostrophe. It is exactly the same as "our".      It seems weird because you would never use "I's" on its own but it is not on its own here - it is part of a noun phrase.   That's a rather intriguing argument. Does it hold any water?


So, for some reason I'm having problems just USING a string input.  I don't know why. Maybe it's some incredibly stupid thing everyone knows, but I don't.  Here's the non-functioning code:  import javax.swing.*;  public class Thing { public static void main(String[] args) {     String input;      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Welcome to the test...");     input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Do you wish to take the tutorial?" + "\n" +                                         "If affirmative, enter 'Yes'");     String i = input;      if(i == "Yes") {         tutorial();     } else if(input=="'Yes'") {         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Don't actually put apostraphes around you're answer.");         tutorial();     } else {         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Remember, you can pull up the tutorial at any time with 'T'");     } }   Yes, I actually do have a tutorial method somewhere else, and it works fine.  The main problem is that if I enter 'Yes' or Yes, it still goes to the final else.  I only put in the  String i = input;   and changed it from  if(input == "Yes") {   because it didn't work then, either.  So what am I doing wrong?

I've been using the == operator in my program to compare all my strings so far. However, I ran into a bug, changed one of them into .equals() instead, and it fixed the bug.  Is == bad? When should it and should it not be used? What's the difference?


Whenever I try to export a map with the Google Maps plugin in the background, it exports but just exports to a blank document. When I turn the Plugin off so it is not in the background, it prints fine. Why is this?

I am having serious problems in exporting a map (Google satellite map) linked to QGIS.   Using the print editor I clearly see the part of the map I want to print and also in the right scale, but when I save it as jpeg, the result is: the correct map in a circle in the middle of the page, and all around it seems that Qgis is zooming at different scale on another part of the map [see attached file].  Any suggestion about it ? I don't want to save it as simple screenshot  because I need an HD file.   ]


my link i already search for some solution and try it but still no working.

After I parent my model with the bone, it shows loop in parents.   Does anyone know of a solution?


I am trying to prove the continuity equation for a charged particle moving with some speed v. So, I start with the charge density and current density as, \begin{align} \rho(x,t) & = q\delta(x-vt) \\ J(x,t) & = q v \delta(x-vt) \end{align} It seems that one would have to take a derivative of the delta function to prove the continuity equation. How does one take such a derivative?

For a point charge that moves with the trajectory $ \vec r(t)$, we know that it has the singular charge and current densities  $$ \rho (\vec x, t) = q \delta^3(\vec x - \vec r(t)) $$ $$ \vec J(\vec x, t) = q \frac{d\vec r}{dt} \delta ^3 (\vec x - \vec r (t))$$  How do you prove that these densities satisfy the continuity equation?  $$ \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot \vec J = 0 $$  I considered using the property of the dirac delta  $$ \delta (f(x)) = \sum_i^N  \frac{\delta (x - x_i)}{|\frac{df}{dx}|_{x = x_i}}$$  where $x_i$s are the roots of $f(x)$. In the problem at hand, we see that the dummy variable x is t, and $f(x) = \vec x - \vec r(t)$ so that the only root is $t_0$ which makes $\vec r(t_0) = \vec x$.  However I just don't know how to apply the derivative to the dirac delta. I know that   $$ \delta '[f] = f'(0)$$  Any help please? Thank you very much!


True or false: The union of an arbitrary family of compact subsets is a compact subset.  Well firstly I think for a while if it is true or not, definitely I take the second option and in order to prove that it false I think for the next counter example:  I take $\mathbb{R}$ as the working space with the discrete topology, so I think about the subset of only one element that all of them are compact so as $\mathbb{R}$ is non numerable we can't affirm that the union of all of this subset is compact because is a non numerable union so if we try to obtain a finite union that contains all of the elements it will be impossible.  I'm not sure if it is right or not.

We know that, the intersection of arbitrary many compact sets is compact in Hausdorff Spaces.  I need counter example analogous of above proposition for the union is not true. When I consider, logically it does not have to be compact but I cannot find a counter example in one way or another. Could someone give a counter example please? Thanks


I'm writing an installer and need to change the All Users' wallpaper. I can do this from the group policy editor GUI, but need to do so from my installer. I can't just edit the registry as it gets reset by a GPO on login.  How do I apply the relevant administrative template via programatically (preferably cmd.exe or via the registry)? (for interest, it's User Configuration > Administrative Templates > Desktop > Desktop > Desktop Wallpaper [sic]

On X Windows I had a cool 'silent-alarm" reminder script that would change my root window (background) color to solid red, just for a few seconds a few moments before changing it back. Is there a way to do this for Windows XP?  I'm thinking some kind of scheduled task that uses cscript to set registry keys (HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop) . However my attempts don't seem to have any effect. What do I have to signal to read those registry entries and re-draw the desktop?


Here is the set up, question is below.   CREATE TABLE Person (    PersonId int Identity(1,1) not null,    PersonName varchar(20) not null PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (PersonId) ) GO  CREATE TABLE Size (    SizeId int IDENTITY (1,1) not null,    Size varchar(20) null,    PersonId int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (SizeId) )  ALTER TABLE dbo.Size ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Size_Person FOREIGN KEY (PersonId) REFERENCES dbo.Person (PersonId)  GO   INSERT INTO Person (PersonName) VALUES ('Bob'), ('Bill'), ('Dave'), ('Nathan'), ('Luke') GO INSERT INTO Size (Size, PersonId) VALUES ('32', 1), ('2XL', 1), ('Large', 1), ('Small', 2), ('Medium', 3)  CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_Sizes] (         @PersonId int ) RETURNS varchar(150) AS BEGIN     DECLARE @sizes varchar(150)      SET @sizes = (SELECT s.Size + ', '             FROM dbo.Size s                           WHERE s.PersonId = @PersonId             FOR XML PATH(''))        -- Return the sizes     RETURN ISNULL(LEFT(@sizes, LEN(@sizes)-1),'') END   Fixing a view and one of the issues is a function that combines multiple rows of values into one column.  I'm not sure if the problem is the DISTINCT keyword, or the function, or the use of FOR XML PATH, or all of it.  I am optimizing a view that takes 15 mins to run, and the execution plan says 90% of the work is in the DISTINCT sort.  So I am looking for a way to get rid of it.  The actual view query is really big, but an example of this section is:  SELECT DISTINCT p.PersonName, dbo.fn_Sizes(p.PersonId) as Size FROM dbo.Person p JOIN dbo.Size s ON p.PersonId = s.PersonId   The DISTINCT is in there to get rid of the extra Bob rows, because Bob has many sizes.  I need to keep the multiple sizes on Bob's row, but I don't want multiple rows of Bob.  Is there a more efficient way to do that other than using DISTINCT?  Second, word on the street is that functions are best avoided if you are going for speed.  I don't see a way to use "FOR XML PATH" outside the function, because I can't get it to work on just one column.  So I am looking for a way to produce the multiple values on one row.

I'm trying to migrate a MySQL-based app over to Microsoft SQL Server 2005 (not by choice, but that's life).  In the original app, we used almost entirely ANSI-SQL compliant statements, with one significant exception -- we used MySQL's group_concat function fairly frequently.  group_concat, by the way, does this: given a table of, say, employee names and projects...  SELECT empName, projID FROM project_members;   returns:  ANDY   |  A100 ANDY   |  B391 ANDY   |  X010 TOM    |  A100 TOM    |  A510   ... and here's what you get with group_concat:  SELECT      empName, group_concat(projID SEPARATOR ' / ')  FROM      project_members  GROUP BY      empName;   returns:  ANDY   |  A100 / B391 / X010 TOM    |  A100 / A510   So what I'd like to know is: Is it possible to write, say, a user-defined function in SQL Server which emulates the functionality of group_concat?   I have almost no experience using UDFs, stored procedures, or anything like that, just straight-up SQL, so please err on the side of too much explanation :)


Im using a simple figure environment but at some times the first sentence after the image or table aren't aligned anymore. The text is off a few cm to the right. I modified my paragraph setting to be another subsubsubsection with this code, could this be the problem?  \titleformat{\paragraph} {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}{\theparagraph}{1em}{} \titlespacing*{\paragraph}    \section{1} \subsection{1} some text \subsubsection some text, then the full page image follows on a new page            \begin{figure}[H]                 \centering                 \includegraphics[scale=0.24]{Bilder/Imag.png}                  \caption[bla]{bla}                 \label{fig:xxx}                 \end{figure}            First not aligned Sentence     normal text

\section{last paragraph} Here are some words in the last paragraph. Now a figure is inserted below. \begin{figure}[H] \centering \includegraphics[width=5cm]{...jpg} \caption[Example .]{.,,} \label{...} \end{figure} Now I want to start a new line after this figure. But there is always indentation at the begining. How to delete this indentation?   Here is the complied result:   I add the usage exmaple:  \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}  \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{float}  \begin{document} \section{Paragraph} Here are some words in the last paragraph. Now a figure is inserted below. \begin{figure}[H] \caption{A picture of a gull.} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Penguins.jpg} \end{figure} Now I want to start a new line after this figure. But there is always indentation at the begining. How to delete this indentation? \end{document}   Here is the compiled result:


I have mistakenly installed Katoolin in my Ubuntu 15.10. It has done a lot of problem in my pc & then I removed it but it wasn't totally removed. Everywhere in the system has it's effect. The main problem is my Software Center & Update Manager is not responding. What do I do now??

I made the mistake of installing Katoolin package . The problem is it botched up my Ubuntu, many packages don't work anymore. System update doesn't work anymore.   The question: is there a way to somehow uninstall this from my Ubuntu without re-installing the OS??  PS: Piece of advice to people who want to study computer security: stay away from this Katoolin tool! Think at least ten times before installing it.


So, I know that, $\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^k*\binom{n}{k} = 0$. I know the reason for this is because the summation of even subsets is equal to the summation of odd subsets and obviously $n=n \implies n-n=0$. However, I want to know 1)what and how to derive the formula for this using the definition of ($n$ choose $k$)and 2)Why the formula is what it is. I thought that maybe the formula is $(-2)^n$ since the formula for the non-alternating row sums is $2^n$ but I feel like that logic may be flawed.

Let $n$ be a positive integer. Prove that   \begin{align} \sum_{k=0}^n \left(-1\right)^k \binom{n}{k} = 0 . \end{align}   I tried to solve it using induction, but that got me nowhere. I think the easiest way to prove it is to think of a finite set of $n$ elements, but I can't find the solution.


In my campaign I'm running, all of my characters are good. But there's one character who's evil. And everything he does is making it harder for me, as a GM and for the players. He kills important people, he burns down buildings, etc. He's done this twice before, in one campaign he killed the other players. Pissing everyone off and cutting the campaign short. In another one he did nothing but setback the players on their journey. And he's doing it again. I want everyone in my games to have fun but nobody is when he's playing like this. I want my players to kill him, but they aren't too good at RPing so the Lawful Good Paladin looks past his murders and such. I don't want to have to kill him and remove him from the game but it seems like the only option. What can I do to try and stop this without going to extremes as to remove him from my game?

I GM a Dresden Files campaign, and I have a first time role-player that has become a problem in terms of advancement of the story.  At first I chalked it up to inexperience, but its become more and more pronounced, to the point that tonight he took up half of the time with an inconsequential inter-party conflict, then after he was rendered unconscious, left.  The players and I are becoming more frustrated with his antics as we have a very short time weekly to play, and much of that time is taken up by this player.  I've tried to talk to him both in-game and out-of-game (and other players have also) and though he appears to be understanding and receptive of the talks, it continues to be a problem, and in many cases, his retort is that this is important to his character, so we continue to work through this week after week, and I have to end the session in exposition rather than a gradual discovery/uncovering so that we can make progress.  I'm attempting not to exclude him from the game, but short of that is there something that as a game master I can do to enforce direction and advancement of plot?  NOTE: I was trying to make the question a bit generic, but to give a bit more insight about one of the situations: he was using the sight to assess the scene, and after he was finished with his assessment, he attempted to look at each of the players in turn.  As they'd seen him use the sight before, he was able to get a good look at one of the characters before they figured out what he was doing, and one of the other players took exception to the intrusion on their privacy IC.    The situation escalated and became physical.  In other cases where there's been inter-party conflict, they've played the combat a bit, then the person on the losing end concedes and they tell the story from that perspective.  But he wouldn't concede.  The other players used this as a cover as it happened to be a distraction, but as he's the only full wizard, when the combat started, they were a bit hobbled by the loss of their spell power going against a wizard.  So it's not enforcement of a particular plot.  If he was going in a different direction with the plot, I've done that before with this group, even to the point of improvising scenes when they do stuff I haven't planned.  It's the movement with any plot.


In the commercial it showed a group of kids playing as their Amiibos, so I bought an Amiibo resembling a DLC character, however I found out that I couldn't play as the Amiibo. I can play with/against them, but not as them. Isn't there a way to play as my Amiibo?

I recall seeing an ad of bunch of teenagers playing Smash as their Amiibo characters, but I can't seem to find a way to actually do it. I know I can play in a team with Amiibo and have it be controller by the CPU, but is it possible to control it myself?


Thanks for any assistance you can provide on this. I've been iterating on this for a while now and am somewhat flummoxed by the problem.   I have a small .blend file here which illustrates the problem:    This object (a scroll and pegbox for a violin model) is enclosed and has no non-manifold geometry or duplicate vertices.   On the bottom front right of the mesh, you see that the mesh tapers down. On the bottom left, I've moved two vertices out slightly to demonstrate the problem.  When the bottom part of the model is shaped like this on both sides (as it is on the right side of the mesh in the .blend file):    Everything works fine.  If, on the other hand, the model is modified like so:    Then recalculating normals does not work properly. Blender flips normals improperly.  You can see this for yourself by opening the .blend file I posted above, pressing A and CTRL-N. If you move the edges back so they are not in front of the rest of the model, it works correctly.  My question is: Is there something wrong with this mesh to make it do this? Or is there a bug in Blender? I'm concerned that there's a problem in my mesh that makes it hard to determine the inside and outside, so I'd like to resolve it if there is.  I'm using Blender 2.73 on Windows 8.  Thank you for any assistance you can provide!  Edit: I don't feel this is a duplicate, based on the question linked. I've provided a specific example that demonstrates a reproducible scenario of incorrectly calculated norrmals.

What's happening is that I have tried to flip the normals, inside and out, but there are always faces which have to be flipped!  Normals recalculated   Inside View    If I flip them again, all faces get flipped and end up horrible and, not working at all. So how can I make all of the faces flip to the right direction?


I have text containing 3 symbols in pdflatex and produce pdf. It is OK. Then i copy these symbols and paste in MS word 2013 and have another symbols or from one symbols two are produced:     Before   z { ^𝑊      After   ---   Here is tex text:  \documentclass[12pt]{article}  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{cmap} \usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}    \usepackage[english,russian]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}  \begin{document}  before  $\digamma$   %  after copy from pdf  to MS WORD:  z  $\varkappa$  %  after copy from pdf  to MS WORD:   {  $\hat{W}$    %    after copy from pdf  to MS WORD:  two symbols  after  \end{document}      Environment:   Windows 7 Miktex 2.9 Texworks pdflatex   Question: it is not good for users to have such pdf, how to improve situation?  Thank for your comment about post  "Copying LaTeX from a PDF"  But it is not the same. I need the same utf8 code of these symbols in pdf (before copying) and in any rich editor (after copying), for example in ms word. It is simple: somebody will find article in pdf in internet and will take part of the text in his own information base, there it must seen exactly the same as he previousle saw in pdf version. BUT in post "Copying LaTeX from a PDF" the goal was to go back to latex code, i tried the example by Stephan Lehmke - after copying we have really latex code: $$f:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$ - this is not my goal.      That is, the currently accepted duplicate would put the LaTeX code into the clipboard if I copy the mathematics from the PDF.  This is not what I want.  When I copy the PDF output of $f : \mathbf{N} \to \mathbf{Z_8} \cross \mathbf{Z_16}$, I would like to paste it into another application and see something like     f : N → Z8 × Z16

Is there a way to copy from a PDF to a LaTeX document? Whenever I do it, it copies in with weird symbols in the place of LaTeX commands for example:  $$f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$$   copies in as     f : R ! R;   I did a quick search and I couldn't really find anything (some sort of PDF to LaTeX converter that worked well)  Am I missing something obvious or can this not be done (for some reason)?


Your  answer  pleases  me(Active  voice)      I am pleased  with  your  answer.(passive voice)   I  think it  is  difficult  to  say  whether pleased  is  a  participle   or  an  adjective in the sentence in the  passive  voice We  know  that  pleased  can  be  a  verb  and  an  adjective  too.  If  somebody  asked  us  to  say  whether  pleased  is  an adjective or  a verb  in the  sentence, what  would  be  our  answer.?  En  I  think  we  will face the  problem when  verbs such  as  satisfy, please , interest  which   can be adjectives as  past  participles  are  used  as  verbs.     English  interests  me.( active  voice)      I am  interested  in English(passive voice)   Here intersted  is  both  a verb  and adjective.  The  problem  arises  when  past  participles  and adjective forms are  the  same.     He   likes me(active voice)      I am liked by him(  passive voice)   Here  liked  is clearly   a  verb  Here  is  a links  which  show pleased  as  an adjective. and  please  as  a verb.      This  is  not  at all  a  dupiicate  because   staple  is  a  verb  and  stapled  is  the  past  participle  of  staple  but it  is  not  adjective but  pleased , satisfied, and  dissatisfied   are  listed as  verbs  and  adjectives.  Even if  we  change  the  tense  they  are  difficult  to  classify.     I was  pleased with  your  answer.      I  was  satisfied with  your  answer   I  will  be  satisfied with  your answer  I  will  be  pleased  with  your  answer  Here  is  a  link  which  shows    staple   only  as  a  verb    Here  is  another  link   which  shows     satisfy as  a verb   followed  by  the  preposition   with

He was devastated when he learnt that his best friend was migrating.   I would like to find out if devastated in this use case is a verb or an adjective.


What is the command to: Modify the "cat" command to automatically number paragraphs. These are separated by a single blank line.

I know I have already asked this question, but I didn't get an answer that worked. So please could someone answer my question?  I have a text file, containing paragraphs of text, each separated by a single empty line. Now I need to number each paragraph with its own number. So the first paragraph will have the number 1 in the margin, the second paragraph will have the number 2 in the margin and the third will have the number 3 in the margin, etc. I know it seems obvious but I think my last post may not have got the message across clearly.  So I need a Linux command that can get that job done. However, my issue is that the command needs to be simple. By that, I mean no complicated Perl scripts or, any difficult to understand, blocks of code.  What I'm looking for, is a simple command that can easily carry out the task. Or if a script needs to be written, make it simple and explain the code so someone who has never used Perl nor Bash scripts can still apply it to their code and understand what they are doing.  Sorry if the question may come across as impolite. Responses will much be appreciated because there is nothing on the web on this topic.


Let $Y_1,\ldots,Y_n$ denote a random sample of size $n\ge4$ from Bernoulli ($\theta$) distribution where $$0 < \theta < 1$$ is the success probability.  How would I derive the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of $\theta^2?$  Also, with $\hat{\theta}=Y_1Y_2$ being unbiased for $\theta^2$, and $U=\sum(Y_i)$ is a minimal sufficient statistic for $\theta$, how would I "Rao-Blackwellize" $\hat{\theta}$ and explicitly derive the conditional expectation, $E[\hat{\theta}|U]$, to come up with the minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE) for $\theta^2?$  These questions are confusing me because it is asking for $\theta^2$ instead of just $\theta$. If someone could please show/tell me what to do/steps to figuring this out that would be amazing!

Let $X_1, X_2,\ldots, X_n$ be iid bernoulli r.v. with parameter $p$. Let $S=X_1+\cdots+X_n$ and $Y=X_1X_2$. Compute $\mathbb{E}(Y\mid S)$.  I know that $\mathbb{E}(X_1\mid S) = S/n$. So If I could split $\mathbb{E}(Y\mid S)$ into two then I would be done. But I don't think that is allowed. How to proceed?


I needed to create a list of lists in Python, so I typed the following: my_list = [[1] * 4] * 3  The list looked like this: [[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]    Then I changed one of the innermost values: my_list[0][0] = 5  Now my list looks like this: [[5, 1, 1, 1], [5, 1, 1, 1], [5, 1, 1, 1]]    which is not what I wanted or expected. Can someone please explain what's going on, and how to get around it?


Let $A$ a infinite set, prove $card(A)+card(A)=card(A)$  My attempt: Let $A$ a infinite set. Then we have a subset $B$ of $A$ such that B is infinte countable, this implies: $card(B)=card(\mathbb{N})$ Then: $card(\mathbb{N})=card(\mathbb{N}\cup\mathbb{N})=card(\mathbb{N})+card(\mathbb{N})$.  This implies:  $card(B)=card(B)+card(B)$  But i need this for $card(A)$. Here i'm stuck, can someone help me?

I want to prove that if $A$ in an infinite set, then the cartesian product of $A$ with 2 (the set whose only elements are 0 and 1) is equipotent to $A$.  I'm allowed to use Zorn's Lemma, but I can't use anything about cardinal numbers or cardinal arithmetic (since we haven't sotten to that topic in the course).  I read a proof of the fact that if $a$ is an infinite cardinal number, then $a+a=a$, which is something similar to what I want to prove.   Any suggestions will be appreciated :)


I want to set a journal (using the book document class) that contains more than one article (using the article document class).  The document classes available are only for separate articles, not for a journal of articles. I tried to use the \input and \include commands to load more than one article, but it didn't work.  I have studied . The second option from  has the disadvantage that to use the  package,     "All the individual documents should be of the same class (e.g., all article or all report)." ()   This is not what I want. But, if using , each article starts from page 1. What is the solution?

I am compiling my dissertation which is composed with several separate papers (with independent LaTeX code).  I have a title for my dissertation and want to insert my individual papers with their own titles (different authors, etc., for each paper).  Someone suggested use  \begin{document} \include{paper1} \include{paper2} \end{document}   where paper1 has the codes as   \begin{document}  \end{document}   But it doesn't solve my problem.  For each individual latex code for the individual paper, I have title code outside of the \begin{document}.  Any suggestion about how to insert the entire LaTeX code of a academic paper, A, into another academic paper, B, while remain everything not changed for A.


If $q\colon\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{C}$ is a polynomial, $f\colon\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{C}$ is analytic on all of $\mathbb{C}$, and if there exists $a\gt 0$ such that  $|f(z)| \lt  a|q(z)|$ for every $z\in \mathbb{C}$, then $f = bq$  for some $b\in \mathbb{C}$.   Can an arbitrary analytic function (on all of $\mathbb{C}$) replace $q$?

Suppose $f$ and $g$ are entire functions with $|f(z)|\leq|g(z)|$ for all $z$.  How can we show that $f=cg$ for some complex constant $c$?  Thanks for any help :)


Is it there any way to prevent remote users from shutting down/rebooting the Windows.  follows these steps:  Unfortunately, I cannot disable remote access to my computer. Is there a way to prevent this?

i want to disable remote shutdown to prevent the timer (on my internet cafe) from shutting down a certain pc (obviously, that pc should not be shutdown... diskless setup). how?  Obviously, im improvising. the timer is on a netbook and i want client to use the server pc on a different windows 8.1 account (non-admin). Anyways, just focus on the above


As opposed to photographing in colour, then having all the freedom to edit it afterwards?

For black and white photography, will there be any quality difference between using the built-in black and white mode, or shooting in color initially and then removing the color later using Photoshop (or similar application)?  I have a high-end compact camera, the .


I have following function:  self.aFunction = function(otherAll, all){     for(var i = 0; i < all.length; i++){         ...     }     for(var i = 0; i < otherAll.length; i++){         ...     }     return someResult; };   I have two for loops and they both use the variable "i". They have nothing common and used for each loops separately.  However, i take the following error from jshint:  'i' is already defined.   What is wrong with this? Why is that important to use other variables for each loops in the same function? Is it an issue i should care about in this case?

What is the scope of variables in javascript? Do they have the same scope inside as opposed to outside a function? Or does it even matter? Also, where are the variables stored if they are defined globally?


Trying to finalize this project, yet the Cyrillic characters are not appearing correct on the final version uploaded.  What it is meant to look like -   <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=UTF-8'>   What it looks like -     No my question is not the duplicate of another question, as I am not establishing a server nor working with any databases or tables. Im a novice.

I'm setting up a new server and want to support UTF-8 fully in my web application. I have tried this in the past on existing servers and always seem to end up having to fall back to ISO-8859-1.  Where exactly do I need to set the encoding/charsets? I'm aware that I need to configure Apache, MySQL, and PHP to do this — is there some standard checklist I can follow, or perhaps troubleshoot where the mismatches occur?  This is for a new Linux server, running MySQL 5, PHP, 5 and Apache 2.


So, I've been sending emails back and forth to this company regarding some job opportunities but I always find it a bit awkward as to how I'm supposed to reply to them. Say they asked me for my contact details. Should I start with "Dear sir" or something or i should simply go "Thank you for the response, my contact details are XXXXXX"

In a formal / professional email (i.e. emails directed at potential employers, co-workers and administrators), is it okay to exclude the greeting after the first email?  For example, I will send an email in the form:     [Formal greeting]   [Message body]   [Formal salutation]   I will typically then receive an email of the same form. After this point, is it necessary to keep including a formal greeting, or even a formal salutation?  I generally do not keep saying "Hello" (or include any other greeting) in the same email thread after having said it once in the initial email. I may include another greeting if I am emailing the same person after at least a day in between emails, or if starting a new email thread.  I will also generally omit the salutation and just place my name or signature at the end of the email after the initial greetings / emails as well.  What are everyone's thoughts on this? I am referring specifically to formal and professional situations and not casual emails with friends or co-workers who you may have already been working with for a while.


I have 2 questions. Can we ask the user in a confirmation dialog, "Do you really want to discard changes?" Is this the right way to ask?  Also, can the YES/NO options be replaced by Yes, I want to/No, I don't want to. The latter occupies more space though.   I am confused whether the YES/NO usage depends on the type of application we design. For example, if it is a bank app, simple YES/NO has to be used or if it is fancy gaming app, we can go with other option.  Any suggestions on this?

Semantically, the Yes/No buttons are roughly equivalent to the Ok/Cancel buttons, but in general what would you recommend to use? Should I always use Yes/No or always use Ok/Cancel? Or does it depend on the case?


I am an Indian national. I am travelling from the US to India and my flight has a layover at Heathrow Airort London. The layover time is 5h 45 minutes. Even though I do not intend to leave the airport during this layover, do I still need the transit visa?

Is there a website or some other way to find out if I need a transit visa for a short stop in the UK on my way somewhere else? Ideally this should give me the answer for all nationalities, and take into account any other visas I may have.


Why is that special numbers instead of multiples of 10? Same goes with some resistor values of 47, 560 220 ohm ect.?  Where and why is this issue originate from?

We often see component values of 4.7K Ohm, 470uF, or 0.47uH.  For example, digikey has millions of 4.7uF ceramic capacitors, and not a single 4.8uF or 4.6uF and only 1 listed for 4.5uF (specialty product).  What's so special about the value 4.7 that sets so far apart from say 4.6 or 4.8 or even 4.4 since in the 3.. series we usually 3.3,33, etc.  How did these numbers come to be so entrenched?  Perhaps a historical reason?


I have a basic understanding of  (I come across it often when I'm migrating WordPress installs) and I just discovered .  Given that serialize causes so much trouble with replacing strings in the database (eg. editing an optinos field directly), why does WordPress prefer serialize to (the seemingly similar) json_encode, which doesn't insert the string length into the stored value.  My first thought was that it may provide some security or error-checking benefits - WordPress will ignore the option if the string lengths are incorrect.. but I'm interested in a qualified explanation :)

In my little age with WordPress, I've seen WordPress itself and its friendly plugins are using PHP serialize() in storing data into db in many cases. But in a recent search I found a serious community support for the json_encode() over the serialize().     And I personally tested an associative array with both of 'em, that shows:  serialize() stores 342 chars json_encode() stores 285 chars  Why I'm asking this? I'm on a project while I'm going to store repeating meta fields to a post. Where:  Data would be basically in English, but sometimes can be Bengali Data would be associative array, 3 level deep (I hope I understood levels correctly):   array(     1 => array(         'key'=>'value',         'key2'=>'value'     ),     2 => array(         'key'=>'value',         'key2'=>'value'     ) )  I've checked the postmeta table's meta_value field it's a longtext,  a length of 4,294,967,295 chars (4GB). So I need a robust solution into storing things.


I would like to access root-folder with Thunar but the system won't let me, even if I have setup a root in a terminal window.   What's the way to access the root-folder (with write access) in Thunar (GUI)? Does it work out of the box without installation of additionals?  I need to add drivers for a USB 3.0 PCIe card and the files have to be placed in the target kernel (e.g. \linux-2.6.28)  The answers to this topic I read at askubuntu.com require some other apps to be installed, like Nautilus or gksu, which are not present at my Ubuntu Studio 15 installation and I don't want them to install.   I've been able to define a root user's password and operate as root in a terminal window, but this won't let me access root-directory with Thunar.

Is it possible to open a file or application as root from the GUI?  My ideal would be right-clicking on a file or an application and seeing an "Open as Root" choice in the context menu, after which I was asked for my root password.  Somewhat related to this is the ability to allow, for example, a save to take place where originally you had not opened the application as root (e.g., modifying a .conf file in /etc)


I understand that the sun exerts a force on the earth and that if that was the only force exerted on the earth then the earth would have already crashed into the sun a long time ago.  The reason the earth is not crashing into the sun but rather spins around it is because there is another force pushing the earth to go straight ahead (or something like that.. :D ). Now the combination of the sun pulling the earth towards it and that other force pushing the earth to keep moving forward results into this centrifugal force that makes the earth go round and round the sun instead.  Much like if I were ice skating and started moving forward really fast and as I was sliding forward I extended my right arm and grabbed hold of a metal pole standing there firmly I would all of a sudden start spinning round the pole. In that case, I am the earth, the pole is the sun, and the force that was pushing me forward and ended up making me go round in circles was generated by me pushing the ice behind me.  My question is, what is this other force in the case of the actual planet earth? Where does it come from and why isn't it fading away to the point where one day the earth will start spinning closer and closer into the sun until it crashes ?  Is it a vector of other forces (which ones) ?  As you can tell I'm just another physics enthusiast (but not a physicist nor a mathematician) asking the same questions over and over again so apologies in advance.

Why doesn't the Moon fall onto the Earth? For that matter, why doesn't anything rotating a larger body ever fall onto the larger body?


We already know Euler's candy division problem as follows. How many ways are there to divide $n$ of the same candies among $k$ people so that everyone has at least $1$ candy with $n\geq k$ ? We can refer to the integer equation to solve $$x_1+x_2+\cdots+x_k=n, \text{for } x_1,x_2,\cdots,x_k\geq 1.$$ The answer to this problem is $$C^{k-1}_{n-1}=\dfrac{(n-1)!}{(k-1)!((n-1)-(k-1))!}.$$ However, what if we replace $n$ of the same candies for $n$ other candies (candies are different) ? Please help me. Thanks for all the help.

How do I calculate the number of options for $k$ different balls in $n$ cells, with at least $1$ ball in each cell?   Lets say $6$ different balls in $3$ different cells, with at least $1$ ball in each cell.   like this:  $$x_1+x_2+x_3 = 6$$  I would like to see an explanation please and not just the answer.  Thanks!


The error I get says,     This kernel requires and x86-64 CPU, but only detected an i686 CPU.   Unable to boot - please us a kernel appropriate for your CPU.   I have Enabled I/O APIC.

I was trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 in VirtualBox 4.2.12r84980. I see    this kernel requires an x86-64 CPU, but only detects an i686 CPU, unable to boot   But I am using a 64 bit Windows 8, and trying same .iso for trying Ubuntu. Then what is the problem?


Title says it all - this is driving me nuts. After reboot, Outlook and IE are pinned to the taskbar even though I explicitly removed them.  Following  on Reddit, and  on SU, I scoured all Taskbar folders for every user and the registry under taskband - nothing.  I'll note the public and default users have no such folder, and the rest do not have links to IE or outlook (e.g. C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Quick Launch\User Pinned\TaskBar).  In the Reddit post I linked to the solution alludes that C:\ProgramData may help, but I found nothing.

I have got a new installation of windows recently. Now when I do unpin items from taskbar that were there (IE, Edge, Explorer), they do come back after restart. A pinned chrome does not disappear though e.g.  Anything to fix this issue?  P.S. Just created a new user, and he has the same problem  P.P.S. Sign out is enough to get it back, no full restart needed


I ran linear mixed effects model in R.  model<-lmer(yld ~ rain + (1+rain|state),data=data,REML=FALSE)   Is there any way I can generate an R-squared for the model. I know we can derive R-squared for a generalised linear mixed effects model  but I am not sure about a linear mixed effect model. Can anyone point me to the right direction/webpages/code?  Thanks a lot  Unfortunately, I cannot answer a question marked as duplicate and as I'm new here I cannot comment on questions due to my low reputation. But I can edit other peoples questions???   You may want to have a look at Nakagawa & Schielzeth (2013) A general and simple method for obtaining R 2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2013, 4, 133–142. doi: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x Within the supplementary information of the online article they provide such an example. However, note that I had substitute "mF@X" by "model.matrix(mF)" in order to get the code working.  Best Philipp

I would like to get a p-value and an effect size of an independent categorical variable (with several levels) -- that is "overall" and not for each level separately, as is the normal output from lme4 in R. It is just like the thing people report when running an ANOVA.  How can I get this?


How do I curve text in a word? I was able to do in a previous version of word. I was able to bend any word.   I have tried the word art option and it allows only shadowing but not the option to curve a word.

I have looked at the following question:   Following the answer, I inserted a WordArt object.  The answer said to look at Text Effects → Transform, but I can't find that. I have Drawing Tools, Format Text, with options Text Direction, Align Text, and Create Text.    Where is "Transform"?


I am reading An Introduction To Set Theory by Professor William A. R. Weiss, and during chapter 3, on the proof of $\forall x \forall y \exists z \ z = x\times y$ (the euclidean product exists), there's the following:  We obtain: $$\forall t \in y \ \exists q \ q=\left\{ v : \exists u \in x \ v=\langle u,t \rangle \right\}$$ By Extensionality, in fact, $\forall t \in y \ \exists ! q \ q=\left\{ v : \exists u \in x \ v=\langle u,t \rangle \right\}$.  This step seems intuitively clear, but it also doesn't seem like an special case, it seems like this logic could be applied to any set built using builder notation. So my question is: For any arbitrary set $x$ and any abritrary formula $\Omega$, does $\exists q \ q=\left\{ v:\Omega \right\}$ imply, by Extensionality, that $\exists ! q \ q=\left\{ v:\Omega \right\}$?

says:  Note that there is one axiom for every such predicate φ; thus, this is an axiom schema. To understand this axiom schema, note that the set B must be a subset of A. Thus, what the axiom schema is really saying is that, given a set A and a predicate P, we can find a subset B of A whose members are precisely the members of A that satisfy P. By the axiom of extensionality this set is unique  (Emphasis added) My question is why, by the axiom of extensionality, is this set unique? The Axiom of Extensionality is about set equality; what is the relation between the Axiom of Extensionality with uniqueness of this set?


a and c are Integer constants, where a<c.  x belongs to the set of Natural Numbers.  How to maximize the result of (a*x)%c?   if we assume that b=0 then the solution given in the answer doesn't work.  Suggested Answer for maximization of (ax +b)%c:-  if(0 != (c-b)%a) ) {max = c-((c-b)%a);} else {max=c-a;}  Suppose a=15,c=21 and b=0 then according to this post the answer should be:-  max = 21-((21-0)%15)  max = 21-(21%15)  max=21-6  max=15  but for x=4 we get the result ax%b as 15*4 % 21 which is 60%21 or 18.

Suppose we have two numbers A and B. We need to find a multiple of A such the A % B is maximized One such solution can be to traverse B multiples of A? is there any other soltuion?(In case B is huge)  Suppose A=3 and B=10. then 10 multiples of 3 are 3,6,9.......30.   Max remainder will be 9%10=9.  Suppose A=14 and B=11 then 11 multiples of 14 are 14,28..........140,154.  Then max remainder 98%11=10 .  Is there any more effective way to find this?


I have been referring my new company's code, where I found the code was not wrapped around IF and ELSE so was little bit confusing in flow. For example:  if(user_is_registered)   {       // You are already registered.       //exit   } //New user's registration code goes here   While my last company was following the other way i.e. :  if(user_is_registered)    {       // You are already registered.    } else    {       //New user's registration code goes here    }   Like every fresher I am confused which is the best practice to follow with legitimate reasons. Please enlighten me. I tried to find out answers for the same, but could not get. Some of answers are there in which some experts are supporting way 1 some are supporting way 2. Please also suggest me other refs if available. Thank you.

Myself and a colleague have a dispute about which of the following is more elegant. I won't say who's who, so it is impartial. Which is more elegant?  public function set hitZone(target:DisplayObject):void         {             if(_hitZone != target)             {                 _hitZone.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER, onBtOver);                 _hitZone.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT, onBtOut);                 _hitZone.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, onBtDown);                  _hitZone = target;                  _hitZone.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER, onBtOver, false, 0, true);                 _hitZone.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT, onBtOut, false, 0, true);                 _hitZone.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, onBtDown, false, 0, true);             }         }   ...or...  public function set hitZone(target:DisplayObject):void         {             if(_hitZone == target)return;              _hitZone.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER, onBtOver);             _hitZone.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT, onBtOut);             _hitZone.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, onBtDown);              _hitZone = target;              _hitZone.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER, onBtOver, false, 0, true);             _hitZone.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT, onBtOut, false, 0, true);             _hitZone.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, onBtDown, false, 0, true);          }


There is no way to choose some tag badges even though ones with equal or fewer votes are choosable some are simply missing.    Notice that I can choose to track philosophy but not explainable-ai or image-recognition but not deep-network, though convolutional-neural-networks and computer-vision are available - yet each group has the same number of votes.   I have , yet most aren't visible. Same bug occurs on Data Science, Engineering, Phychology & Neuroscience, etc.     Not related or helpful Q&A's:

Over on , I'm getting close to a bronze badge in the  tag:    However, when trying to track this badge, it doesn't show up in the selection screen!    Since the game was released recently, I don't believe the tag was created much more than a month or two ago. Does a tag need to be created for a certain amount of time before it can be tracked? If not, why is the  tag not appearing in the Tag Selection screen?


how is it possible to apply roughness, in the water material, only in the highlighted part of the mesh? Thank you

How do I colour a 3D terrain based on the height? Say, bottom green, and gradually to brown in the middle and white at the top.  When I use colour ramp node, I can see gradient colour across the 3d terrain along x-y plane, but I'd like to have the gradient upwards, in x-z, y-z plane.  Edit  Currently, my setup is using cycles and nodes like this:  Color ramp (c) -> (c) Diffuse BSDF (BSDF) -> (Surface) Material output


I have some environment variables declared in a YAML file like:  runtime: python37  env_variables:   API_URL: 'https://fake.api.com/'   API_USERNAME: 'fake@email.com'   API_PASSWORD: 'Passwooord'   I would like to export these to environment variables with a script, I can echo the correct syntax but I'm still unable to export them.  sed -nr '/env_variables:/,$ s/  ([A-Z_]+): (.*)/\1=\2/ p' app.yaml | while read assign; do echo $assign; done   This is different that  as in my case the variable name is passed trough the pipe as well.

With ksh I'm using read as a convenient way to separate values: $ echo 1 2 3 4 5 | read a b dump $ echo $b $a  2 1 $  But it fails in Bash: $ echo 1 2 3 4 5 | read a b dump $ echo $b $a     $  I didn't find a reason in the man page why it fails, any idea?


I have a very easy (maybe silly) question, but I cant get it done....  How can I close hole like above (or bigger) mantaining the round shape?

Hello to everyone again,  I'm looking for an addon or a short cut to fill fast and simmetrically a NOT FLAT surface that needs to be closed with vertices. Doing it manually it takes a lot of time. I tried to do CTRL F and then Grid fill,but it didn't work. Neither F key works. Check the attached screenshot. thanks.


Is it possible to add a file (not necessarily a jar file) to java classpath at runtime. Specifically, the file already is present in the classpath, what I want is whether I can add a modified copy of this file to the classpath.  Thanks,

Why is it so hard to do this in Java? If you want to have any kind of module system you need to be able to load JAR files dynamically. I'm told there's a way of doing it by writing your own ClassLoader, but that's a lot of work for something that should (in my mind at least) be as easy as calling a method with a JAR file as its argument.  Any suggestions for simple code that does this?


Suppose $X_1, X_2, \dots, X_n$ are i.i.d $N(\theta, 1),\theta_0 \lt\theta$ ,  Find the MLE of $\theta$ and show that it is better than the sample mean $\bar X$ in the sense of having smaller mean squared error.   Trial: Here MLE of $\theta$ is $$\hat\theta = \begin{cases} \theta_0, &\bar X \lt \theta_0\\ \bar X, &\theta_0 \le \bar X  \\ \end{cases}$$  I can't show that $E[(\hat\theta -\theta)^2] \lt Var(\bar X)=\dfrac{1}{n}$.

Suppose $X_1, X_2, \dots, X_n$ are i.i.d $N(\theta, 1),\theta_0 \le \theta \le \theta_1$, where $\theta_0 \lt \theta_1$ are two specified numbers. Find the MLE of $\theta$ and show that it is better than the sample mean $\bar X$ in the sense of having smaller mean squared error.   Trial: Here MLE of $\theta$ is $$\hat\theta = \begin{cases} \theta_0, &\bar X \lt \theta_0\\ \bar X, &\theta_0 \le \bar X \le \theta_1 \\ \theta_1, &\bar X \gt \theta_1 \end{cases}$$  I can't show that $E[(\hat\theta -\theta)^2] \lt Var(\bar X)=\dfrac{1}{n}$.


I am beginner in blender. I want to make grass. but I want to put all parts of grass on the soil . but I can not. how to do it?

How to make grass appear on top of ground not in middle?


In one episode of the Clone Wars (I forget which) one of the Kaminoans say that due to Jango Fett's death, they had to use the only piece of DNA left and are using it to the point where it is starting to cause problems with the clones, but why don't they just take an older clone and use his DNA?

In the episode of The Clone Wars titled "ARC Troopers," the Separatists attack the Kamino cloning facilities in hopes of destroying them and having Ventress steal the host DNA for the clone troopers.  I understand the need to destroy the cloning facilities, but why would they need to take Jango Fett's DNA?  Couldn't the Kaminoans just use DNA from one of the existing clones?


I am studying Riemannian Geometry by myself and I am following the textbook Riemannian Geometry by Manfredo Perdigao do Carmo.   The Riemannian metric on a Lie group G is given by defining it on the tangent space of the neutral element e and it is given by:  $$\langle u,v\rangle_x = \langle (dL_{x^{-1}})_x(u),(dL_{x^{-1}})_x(v)\rangle_e\ ,\text{ where } x \in G, u,v \in T_xG.$$  I have verified all the properties of a Riemannian metric except for the smoothness.  Since a Riemannian metric is a 2-tensor and not a differential form, I am not sure how to understand it's pullback (by $L_{x^{-1}})$. Can somebody explain how the metric is varying smoothly due to the smoothness of $L_{x^{-1}}$. Thanks in advance.  Edit: I also want to know how to find an explicit formula for a Riemannian metric on $S^n$ which is induced by the pullback of the inclusion map from $\Bbb R^n$ to $S^n$.

Let $G$ be a Lie group. Recall the standard construction of a left invariant metric on $G$: Let $\langle,\rangle_e$ be an (arbitrary) inner product on $T_eG$ and define, for $u,v  \in T_xG$, $\langle u , v\rangle_x = \langle (dL_{x^{-1}})_xu , (dL_{x^{-1}})_xv\rangle_e $ , where $L_g$:$G\rightarrow G$ denotes left multiplication by $g$. How to prove that this construction produces a smooth metric?


I was telling someone earlier that her sentence, "I will attend business dinner." needs to have an article before "business" so it should be "I will attend a business dinner."   She got upset and told me that her old English teacher told her that adding an article before "lunch" or "dinner" is incorrect.   I told her in this situation, she would need it but it was rather difficult to explain because I personally didn't know either. Could anyone help me simplify it for her? She's an ESL student and she is a bit stubborn and hates differing opinions. She doesn't like it when someone challenges anything she's learned in the past.

Does one need to use the article in this case?


I'm attempting to prove the following statement:     Let $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ be a function and suppose that $|f(x)-f(y)|\leq (x-y)^2$ for all $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$, therefore f is constant.   I was trying to prove it by a theorem that states that; Let f be a differentiable function in $(a,b)$. Therefore if $f'(x)=0$ for all $x,y\in(a,b)$, then f is constant.  But i'm stuck trying to prove that f is differentiable to use the above theorem.

The problem:  Assume $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ satisfies $|f(t) - f(x)| \leq |t - x|^2$ for all $t, x$. Prove $f$ is constant.  I believe I have some intuition about why this is the case; i.e. if $t$ and $x$ are very close, ($|t - x| = \epsilon$), then $\sqrt{\epsilon}$ will converge to 0, so $|f(t) - f(x)|$ will also converge to zero if you keep taking $t$ and $x$ closer and closer to each other. However, how do I formalize this argument? Thanks.


A friend of mine used the following phrase to tell me about Obama's visit to Malaysia this weekend (he told me this when it was not already the weekend):     Obama is in town this weekend.   This phrase confused me, because it goes against what I was taught in school. Or at least, I think so, I am not a native speaker.  At least in my mind, the following is correct:     Obama will be in town this weekend.   My friend, a native British English speaker, says that both are fine, but in his country people are more likely to use the first.  How is the first acceptable? Doesn't "is" mean that it is happening in the present?  Thank you.

Why does it sound perfectly natural to say Our flight leaves tomorrow at 6pm but weird to say It rains tomorrow at 6pm? What kind of scenario, if any, could make the rain sentence sound natural?


I have a few objects with geographic coordinates (for instance, X can be 1 300 000), so they are far from the centre of the canvas.  I want to get them to the centre together, and also that they are within the bounds of the plane (the one that is there by default, sorry I don't know the name).  However, when I use the command Shift + Control + Option + C - Geometry to Origin, each is transformed separately and they don't fit anymore together (two objects that were touching each other are now displaced).  Furthermore, because of the size of the objects I need to scale them (0.01 of the original size suffices), but things get further degraded here.  How can I translate and scale the coordinates of all objects to local coordinates in such a way that the objects retain their relations?  Edit: example  The two objects in Meshlab with the original coordinates (the example before the transformation is in Meshlab because it conveniently adjusts the view to the extent of the objects):    After importing them to Blender and performing the command Shift + Control + Option + C - Geometry to Origin for both objects selected together, I get both in the centre overlapping with each other (I made separate screenshots with toggled visibility because one is over the other):

I've got a problem. I imported the single parts of a model as about 80 separate .obj files. The thing is, that the location of the objects is at {0,0,0} but the meshes are at ca {32,-149,1252} which makes them very far from the origin. I need to keep the relative position between the meshes of the objects as they are part of a single model. Is it somehow possible to move all meshes without affecting their relative position? I need to get the model to the origin. Maybe there is a different approach? I'm glad for every tips. Note, I cannot combine the meshes into a single one because I need them separated. Edit: Minimal Example  Create a new file with the standard cube Create an additional torus and move it 1 along the z axis (g z 1) press Tab to get into Edit-Mode of the torus and then move the mesh 5 along the x-axis (g x 5) press Tab again to leave Edit-Mode and select the cube press Tab to get into Edit-Mode of the cube and then move the mesh 5 along the x-axis (g x 5)  After this, you should get something like shown in the following image:  Now, as you can see the location of the objects is {0,0,0} and {0,0,1}. This is similar to the situation I have with my imported *.obj files. It is vitally important the torus stays on top of the cube, but I want to move the meshes so that both objects are in the origin. When I select all objects and move them together to the origin, then I get the situation, where for instance the cube is at {-5,0,0} but the mesh of the cube is at {5,0,0}.  You see that although my objects are now at the origin, the little coordinate system indicator is far behind it. Therefore, is there a way to move all meshes (instead of the objects) while maintaining their relative position?


I've been trying to run sudo apt update and I get this output that doesn't seem to actually update: Hit:1 https://repo.steampowered.com/steam stable InRelease  Hit:2 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease                 Hit:3 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable InRelease            Get:4 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling InRelease [30.5 kB]          Err:4 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling InRelease   The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY ED444FF07D8D0BF6 Reading package lists... Done W: GPG error: http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY ED444FF07D8D0BF6 E: The repository 'http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling InRelease' is not signed. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.  It doesn't seem to actually update (unless it is and I just can't see it), and I don't know what's causing the issue. I'm running Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS with AMD64 build. Does anyone have a possible theory to what this is, or even a fix?

I added some extra repositories with the Software Sources program. But when I reload the package database, I get an error like the following:     W: GPG error:  trusty InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 8BAF9A6F   I know I can fix it using apt-key in a terminal, according to the official Ubuntu documentation. But I would have liked to do it graphically. Is there a way to do this without using a terminal?