I have a tkinter application with two windows: A MainWindow that is created on startup, and a ChildWindow which is opened after clicking a button.  The ChildWindow should close itself if the user presses a button. However, when I try calling frame.quit, it terminates the entire application instead.  import tkinter as tk  class ChildWindow:     def __init__(self, master):         self.top = tk.Toplevel(master)         self.frame = tk.Frame(self.top)         self.frame.pack()         # BUG: Clicking "Close" will fully exit application         self.close_button = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Close", command=self.frame.quit)         self.close_button.pack()  class MainWindow:     def __init__(self, master):         self.master = master         self.frame = tk.Frame(self.master)         self.about_button = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Open child window", command=self._open_child_window)         self.about_button.pack()         self.frame.pack()      def _open_child_window(self):         self.about_window = ChildWindow(self.master)  root = tk.Tk() lf = MainWindow(root) root.mainloop()   Screenshots:     Why does frame.quit exit my application? How can I close the child window without exiting?

How do I end a Tkinter program? Let's say I have this code:  from Tkinter import *  def quit():     # code to exit  root = Tk() Button(root, text="Quit", command=quit).pack() root.mainloop()   How should I define the quit function to exit my application?


(Moved here from chat) I faced a trouble with my Canon 6D and a Canon SpeedLite 430ex II...   I took some shots and here is the result I've had :   I've used the very same shutter speed as I was using on my previous camera, a Canon 450D. I was using 1/250.  It looks like I have some shutter/curtain problem, such as them closing too quickly and I can see them on the picture (something related to this)... I therefore tried to decrease my exposure speed to 1/160 and then it worked perfectly...  I'm a bit confused by this tho...    How can my 450D be better than my 6D ?  There should be a compromise that Canon did regarding that parameter but I have difficulties to understand properly the whole concept...    I mean, since my flash is powerful, I could simply get slower, it probably won't change the exposure of my scene.  But,... If I'm using a long lens, let's say my lens has a focal of 400, I'm using a flash and for some reason I want to handhold it (probably stupid example but let's pretend)... I need a shutter speed that is faster than 1/400 or I'll get blur because of my hands shaking...  If I cannot go faster than 1/180 (I've found this value as maximum shutter speed synchronisation for my Canon 6D), how will I manage to do that ?

I use a Nikon D610 and whenever I take a picture, I get a black bar at the bottom covering half of the photo. How do I fix this? Is my shutter speed off? It isn't very fast, but no matter what I do I can't figure out a way to fix it. The camera is 3 months old even without flash I get the black bar in my photos.


In the Harry Potter and the Deathy Hallows, Harry used three wands to perform the Stupefy Charm to Fenrir Greyback, who was lifted off his feet by the triple spell, flew up to the ceiling and smashed the ground.  Having said this... using more than wand is ABSOLUTELY a quite huge advantage for wizards and witches to win a battle or a duel. If someone tries to cast a spell on someone, particularly the stunning spell, the one that receives the attack will surely fly high up into the air.  The question is, if every wizard in the books wants to win every single battle blocking their way, why don't they use more wands? That will surely help them a lot!

Is there any canon information in Harry Potter that proves one way or another whether a wizard always owns only one wand as a matter of routine?  What I am talking about is a wizard buying and owning one wand and also a second wand (for backup, or simultaneous use, or separate purpose, or ceremonial+work wand), akin to people buying more than one pair of boots, guns or hammers.  A proof would be either canon info showing someone owning 2 wands simultaneously; or a statement showing why that does not happen except in rare exceptions (see below).    NOTE: I am discounting special situations such as winning an extra wand in a duel ala Harry (e.g. the second wand's obtainment wasn't intended/planned), or someone winning a Death Stick from prior owner (in which case it was intended as a replacement wand and not an extra one); or taking another's wand for a time being, ala Voldemort and Lucius Malfoy (since it was more of a "temporary replacement because main wand was useless for the purpose due to paired cores" - far from a normal situation).  Also, I meant wands intended for use - e.g. if Malfoy would have a (imagined by me) collection of rare antique wands, that's as irrelevant as someone having flintlocks in a display case.


I'm trying to understand better the difference between  covariance and correlation, besides the fact that the correlation coefficient is a dimensional and has values between $-1$ and $1$.   One unclear point is the following: the correlation coefficient can highlight only a linear relation between two variables, but does  covariance only work for linear relations too? Supposing that the relation is not linear, is the covariance not zero? Is it bigger than in the case in which the relation is linear?   Cauchy inequality says $$|\sigma_{xy}|<\sigma_{x} \sigma_{y}$$  Which seems to say that the covariance is maximum when there is a perfect linear relation.    So I do not get what does happen if the relation is not linear, and, if covariance is not a suitable parameter in that cas I don't get the reason for that, since simply looking at the definition:  $$\sigma_{xy}=\frac{\sum(x-\bar{x})(y-\bar{y})}{N}$$  it looks like that this should be non zero for any kind of relation (like parabolic).  So can this be a difference between the use of covariance and correlation coefficient? (The first is useful for any kind of relation, the second one only for linear ones).

...assuming that I'm able to augment their knowledge about variance in an intuitive fashion (  ) or by saying: It's the average distance of the data values from the 'mean' - and since variance is in square units, we take the square root to keep the units same and that is called standard deviation.  Let's assume this much is articulated and (hopefully) understood by the 'receiver'. Now what is covariance and how would one explain it in simple English without the use of any mathematical terms/formulae? (I.e., intuitive explanation. ;)  Please note: I do know the formulae and the math behind the concept. I want to be able to 'explain' the same in an easy to understand fashion, without including the math; i.e., what does 'covariance' even mean?


is there any way to find which program uses the network and the bandwidth consumed. System monitor shows only ram ,cpu usage and overall bandwidth usage. i want fr individual program

I was wondering if there are any good applications to monitor how much data I use on my laptop in a month. My net connection has a restriction of how much data I can use after which the speed goes down considerably. I saw ntop, but I just wanted to ask if there are any other good options or suggestions regarding this. Regards.


I tried to burn windows 10 into usb and dvd even try to install Windows 10 on Ubuntu it's not work please help me i tried many time

I'd like to create a Windows bootable USB stick, but I don't have a Windows machine with me at the moment to do so. How could I achieve the same using Ubuntu?


I'm writing at my thesis and it has now about 60 pages.. When I want to compile it (to pdf), it lasts about 20 seconds.. Is it normal? I think, the included graphics costs a lot of time?!  Unfortunately I don't have much experience in LaTeX...  But I discovered the draft mode.. There it compiles much faster... But it omits beside the graphics also the lstlistings in my code..  In the draft of my thesis, I don't need the graphics, but the code snippets (embedded in lstlistings) would be nice..  Are there any possibilities to get this? Fast compiling and lstlistings..

Usually I don't mind about LaTeX's compilation speed, because a paper of less than 20 pages is compiled rather fast.  However, I am working on a large document - A report with more than 80 pages.  Compilation times are starting to slow me down.  I saw the couple of answers here on this topic, but most of my graphics are external and I don't use Tikz.  As a matter of fact, I'm not sure what's slowing the compilation down, other than the amount of text and required layout.   What's your best speeding-tex-up trick, other than externalizing graphics and pre-compiling the preamble? How can I know what's slowing TeX down?


So I asked  and I didn't get any answers yet.  I was wondering if it's legitimate to offer a sum of money for answering it. I will offer a bounty tomorrow anyway but I want to attract more people.  So may I advertize a monetary reward for answering the question on the question? I'm fully aware that the answer will still be under the CC license, and anyone (not just me) may use it later - I really don't mind.  BTW - I'm kind of surprised I couldn't find a duplicate (but then again I suck at meta search)

Possible Duplicate:          I'm really stuck. My post  isn't getting any help yet. I'd be thrilled to pay a few bucks for a solution. I'm thinking of posting the following. But before I do, this seems like a good place to check first to see if something like this is ok. So, would the post below be ok?    I've been working on solving the problem described  for too long. I will pay $40 to the first person who provides the answer I need to fix the problem.  Yes, real actual money for real help.  The conditions of my offer are:   Yes, you'll just have to trust me to actually pay up. But you can - I'm good for it. You'll need a PayPal account where I can send you the money. I'll pay the first person to post a usable solution. I'm the sole judge on who's first and what I consider usable. When I have a usable solution, I'll post a reply inviting the person providing the answer to email me their PayPal account info so I can pay you. If you're skeptical (very reasonable) feel free to email me at the above address if you'd like reassurance that  my offer is real.


I just noticed the significant reputation difference in site switcher popup for main and meta sites:        According to reputation graph on stackexchange.com current meta reputation level I had two months ago on November 2018:        On the meta site itself on the top bar the reputation is correct.

While using the top bar to navigate across communities, I noticed that the reputation displayed on meta sites on that list does not match the one of their corresponding main sites:    I have noticed on past situations that reputation gained takes a bit to "update" on the display on Meta sites (that is, if you gain rep on SO, for example, it will take some time for you to see your updated rep on MSO).  However, I have never noticed this behavior here, on the Sites List of the top bar. Furthermore, the "delay" here seems to be more severe, as the "outdated" rep showed is of several days ago (for example, I turned 3k on SO almost exactly a week ago, but the rep shown on MSO is still <3k).  Any idea what could be causing this behavior?    Update: 2 months later this persists: my main site rep updates correctly but their corresponding meta rep remains the same as in the image above.     Update: As per Catija's  I removed the site (MSO) and put it back in, but it didn't update the rep.   However, after removing one site (TWP Meta), waiting at least a day, and then adding it back I see that although the reputations still don't match, the number displayed did changed a bit (previously 29,924 but now 33,112):


If I consume 2 painkillers, my bar is almost full and I get a decent regen.  So if I consume 10 painkillers will my regen increase 5x? or it remains the same once the bar is full?

After drinking an energy drink, there are little yellow and white bars above the health bar. What are those? What do they represent?


Needing to upgrade Squid 3.5.12 on Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS to a more recently patched version (Squid 3.5.23) I found some instructions here:   Entered the first 3 commands exactly and got a note from apt-get: "N: Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository ' xenial InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'"  I don't have typos and nonexistent foreign architectures as others have done:  root@wprdsqd01:/# dpkg --print-foreign-architectures i386 root@wprdsqd01:/# dpkg --print-architecture amd64 root@wprdsqd01:/#   Does this just mean that the repository doesn't have i386 (32bit) binaries ?  Thanks

Getting below error message while issuing :  sudo apt-get update  Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [95.8 kB] Ign:2 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian wheezy/mongodb-org/3.2 InRelease                                                                                Ign:3 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease                                                                                Hit:4 http://ppa.launchpad.net/canonical-x/vulkan/ubuntu xenial InRelease                                                                                Hit:5 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian wheezy/mongodb-org/3.2 Release                                                                             Hit:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease                                                   Ign:7 http://dl.google.com/linux/talkplugin/deb stable InRelease                                                      Hit:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease                                                    Ign:9 http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu wily InRelease                                            Hit:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net/numix/ppa/ubuntu xenial InRelease                               Get:12 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release [782 B]       Hit:13 http://dl.google.com/linux/talkplugin/deb stable Release                   Ign:14 https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-wily InRelease           Hit:15 https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-wily Release             Get:16 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release.gpg [181 B]   Hit:17 http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu wily Release                                   Get:20 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable/main amd64 Packages [1,191 B] Fetched 98.0 kB in 0s (118 kB/s)                                  Reading package lists... Done N: Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'   This cuts across various releases of ubuntu


I don't get what to do! How do I press <Ok>? I clicked on it, typed Ok, pressed Enter, everything!

After a recent update, ttf-mscorefonts-installer prompted me to accept its license agreement.     ┌─────────────────┤ Configuring ttf-mscorefonts-installer ├─────────────────┐  │                                                                           │   │ TrueType core fonts for the Web EULA                                          │                                                                               │ END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR MICROSOFT SOFTWARE                             │                                                                               │ IMPORTANT-READ CAREFULLY: This Microsoft End-User License Agreement           │ ("EULA") is a legal agreement between you (either an individual or a          │ single entity) and Microsoft Corporation for the Microsoft software           │ accompanying this EULA, which includes computer software and may include      │ associated media, printed materials, and "on-line" or electronic              │ documentation ("SOFTWARE PRODUCT" or "SOFTWARE"). By exercising your          │ rights to make and use copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, you agree to be        │ bound by the terms of this EULA. If you do not agree to the terms of          │ this EULA, you may not use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT.                              │                                                                               │                                  <Ok>                                         │                                                                           │   └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    Screenshot:   For some reason my terminal will not allow me to accept, or for some reason I am pressing the wrong hotkey...  I've tried every letter on the keyboard and Enter among others...  I'm sure there is a very simple and obvious solution to this.  I've also just tried to remove the package completely however the terminal states that due to the package not being correctly installed, I should reinstall the package before removing it.  Very frustrating!  Essentially, because I cannot successfully install this package, I can't really ever upgrade my system because I always have to end up terminating the terminal with the license agreement (thus the upgrade fails).


On a 1D line there is one real number needed to uniquely locate a point by coordinates. On a 2D plane, a pair of real numbers are needed. But what if a fractal has dimension d, between 1 and 2 ($1<d<2$), how can points on the fractal be specified with more than one, but less than 2 coordinates? Can you provide examples of 1.xD coordinates for points? Edit: I'm asking for a numerical example, so this is not the same question tan . A point in the plane can be specified by a single number in base 4 if each one of the symbols represents one quadrant O=0 →=1 ↑=i ↗=1+i . is a decimal separator  a point with coordinates 1.5+2.5i can be written ↑→.↗ meaning (the dot is a decimal separator) $\uparrow \rightarrow . \nearrow = i*2^1+1*2^0+(1+i)*2^{-1} $ That representation system can be rewritten as pair of numbers in decimal system. On the same way, a point on sierpinski triangle can be written in base 3 using a symbol for each of the 3 subtriangles Any point on the fractal can be specified with arbitrary precision with a string like ←→↑←↑↑←←→.←↑←→←←↑ where each position is multiplied by a power of 2 and ←=0 →=1 ↑=0.5+(3/4)^½i . is a decimal separator  So, I expect that number to be decomposed into 1.D coordinates as a real number, and something else. On information theory, a character may represent a non integer number of bits, and that is solved by combining multiple characters, so I expected a similar solution for expressing coordinates. Note that on the real line, if base N is used, the characters are multiplied by power of 4, but on other dimensions, it looks like the dimension depend on the difference between the base N and the power used as positional weight.

Note: I'm not too experienced with branches of mathematics like topology, so a lot of the terminology I use is used pretty loosely.   I think we all understand the fact that a point in $n$-dimensional space is described with $n$ parameters. In 2d space, you have $(p_1, p_2)$ (where $p_k \in \mathbb{R}$), in 3d space you have $(p_1, p_2, p_3)$, so in an $n$-dimensional space you have $(p_1, p_2, ..., p_n)$. I know the way I'm stating this with the notation I use isn't as robust as it could be, but you get the idea.  Going into the world of fractal geometry, we find non-integer dimensional spaces. Applying what I said previously, how would you even express a point in such a space? What does it even mean to be that kind of space? Are you unable to express a "point" in such a space?


I think I may not be 100% clear on Microsoft's licensing model for Server 2012 Datacenter edition.  I have read that datacenter entitles you to run unlimited VMs, but Standard only allows you to run 2. Is this merely an entitlement, meaning I would still need a standard license for the guest VM, or does it mean that a datacenter license "Licenses" me to run unlimited VMs, meaning I don't need individual licenses for guest VMs.  Hopefully the former, probably the latter.

This is a  about Licensing.    Questions on licensing are off-topic on Server Fault.  If your question has been closed as a duplicate of this question, then this is because we want to help you understand why licence questions are off topic rather than just telling you "it just is". In all likelihood, this question will not address your question directly, it was not meant to.    I have a question regarding software licensing. Can the Server Fault community please help with the following:   How many licenses do I need? Is this licensing configuration valid? What CALs do I need to be properly licensed? Can I run this product in a virtual environment? Can I downgrade this product to an earlier version? Am I entitled to feature X with license Y?


can you please help to resolve the issue?  W: Не удалось получить http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]  W: Не удалось получить http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]  W: Не удалось получить http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]  E: Некоторые индексные файлы не скачались. Они были проигнорированы или вместо них были использованы старые версии.   With curl this URL works well:  curl -I http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/Packages.gz HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Tue, 07 Oct 2014 10:29:43 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) Last-Modified: Wed, 25 Apr 2012 22:42:47 GMT ETag: "ae0aaa-2394-4be88971e07c0" Accept-Ranges: bytes

PPA seems to be constantly offline. Whenever I use sudo apt-get update, this error is shown:  W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/ 404  Not Found   How do I fix these errors?


How is it not possible for a particle to attain 100% speed of light and what will happen if it attains the speed of light?

I don't fully understand what would happen if we could travel at the speed of light. But I saw somewhere here that it would mean events happen out of order. But why is this a problem. It is said that cause has to happen before the effect, but why does this have to be linear?   And why is it that the speed of light is the maximum? I take it that light (photons?) are massless, so why can't they travel faster?


I have obtained this image via matplotlib library.  Now I just want to increase y axis length to get a clearer view.  Code is given below:  plt.figure(1) plt.subplot(211) plt.plot_date(df['Condition'],df['Date'], tz=None, xdate=True, ydate=False) plt.title('Scatter plot') plt.xlabel('Condition') plt.ylabel('Date') plt.show()

How do you change the size of figure drawn with Matplotlib?


I am trying to write a query in Oracle which will return id of the driver who transported the most goods in range of a single goods category. So far my query is as follows: SELECT      truckset.driver_id, cargo.additional_liecence_id,          SUM(order_details.cargo_amount) as cargo_sum  FROM      order_details INNER JOIN      truckset on truckset.order_id = order_details.order_id INNER JOIN      cargo on order_details.cargo_id=cargo.id WHERE      cargo.additional_liecence_id IS NOT NULL GROUP BY      truckset.driver_id, cargo.additional_liecence_id ORDER BY      SUM(order_details.cargo_amount) DESC;  And it returns: | DRIVER_ID | ADDITIONAL_LICENCE_ID | CARGO_SUM | | 14        | 8                     | 174       | | 17        | 8                     | 144       | | 7         | 5                     | 70        | | 11        | 5                     | 50        | | 7         | 6                     | 50        |  while I expect something like this: | DRIVER_ID | ADDITIONAL_LICENCE_ID | CARGO_SUM | | 14        | 8                     | 174       | | 7         | 5                     | 70        | | 7         | 6                     | 50        |

Table:   UserId, Value, Date.   I want to get the UserId, Value for the max(Date) for each UserId. That is, the Value for each UserId that has the latest date. Is there a way to do this simply in SQL? (Preferably Oracle)  Update: Apologies for any ambiguity: I need to get ALL the UserIds. But for each UserId, only that row where that user has the latest date.


Let $G$  be a semigroup and for each $x \in G$ there exists a unique element $y \in G$ such that $xyx = x$. Prove that $G$ is a group.  Since G is a semigroup the properties of a closure and associativity hold, so all we need to prove is the existence of a unique identity and inverse for each element. For identity, since $xyx = x$ can we say that $yx = e$ and $xy = e$ and since $x \in G$  and $y \in G$ therefore $yx \in G$ and $xy \in G$ and hence $e \in G$. This proves that identity exists.  Again, for inverse, $yx = e$ and $xy = e$ proves that $y = x^{-1}$.  Therefore $G$ is a group. Can someone please tell me if my approach is correct.  Thanks in advance!

The following could have shown up as an exercise in a basic Abstract Algebra text, and if anyone can give me a reference, I will be most grateful.  Consider a set $X$ with an associative law of composition, not known to have an identity or inverses. Suppose that for every $g\in X$, there is a unique $x\in X$ with $gxg=g$. Show that $X$ is a group.  Note that I’m not asking for a proof (though a really short one would please me!), just some place where this has been published.


I'm a math student, at the present time I am studying Theory of representation with the book, Representation Theory of Finite Groups by Benjamin Steinberg, but I have a problem, in my opinion, there are very few problems, apart of demonstrations. Can someone please give me one or more books where I can find some exercises (demonstrations and applications).

What are some of the best books on Representation theory for a beginner? I would prefer a book which gives motivation behind definitions and theory.


I'm planning to develop a 2D game for android devices by using simple Canvas Surfaces (I know that OpenGL might be more efficient - but Canvas should definitely be enough for my type of game).   I'm currently researching on how I should handle different screen sizes/resolutions/ratios of the different android devices. I don't think it's a big deal to scale a bitmap if the screen size is just 920x512 instead of 1920x1024 (for example) - but what about completely different ratios? Like 1200x800px screens? I would have to stretch these bitmaps, or just make more objects visible from my game, which would normally be hidden in shorter screens.   I didn't really find anything useful on my research (mainly some discussions about Canvas VS OpenGL...) - so I'm giving it a try here. What's the best/most common used technique to adjust a game to different screen sizes? Other than just putting black borders along my game, if the width/height is too large.

I am making an Android game that is only in portrait screen orientation.  It works great when I run it on my phone, but when I run it on a tablet, even though the screen size is bigger, all of the bitmaps are the same size. Is there any way to make the bitmaps stay the same proportion even on different size screens?


This might be an old question but I can't seem to find a satisfactory answer.   Suppose I pushed a sphere with for a certain amount of time and let it roll across a rough surface. Disregarding deformations and air resistance etc., it will **roll without slipping ** with a constant angular velocity( or will it?). And I will include only the sphere in my system of interest.   If I choose the contact point as the axis, everything is fine : there's no net external torque because position vector is zero, and angular momentum is conserved. However, if I chose the center of mass of the sphere as the axis, the friction force ( seems to ) exert a net torque on the system and the sphere should change angular velocity.   Where did it went wrong? That is my question. Is there some fictitious(or real) forces that I'm missing?    I am completely new here so if there is some mistakes I made, I sincerely apologise. And thanks in advance!

A cylinder at rest lying on a rough ground is given an impulse which imparts a translational velocity (no angular velocity) to it. The question goes ahead with finding time after which rolling starts etc. etc.  But I have another question: The friction from the ground will decrease the translational velocity but increase the angular velocity (as the torque of friction will be in the direction of rolling). After some time, the translational velocity will become equal to angular velocity and hence pure rolling will start.  After this time work done by friction will be 0 as the point of contact is not moving and hence translational velocity will be constant. Now my doubt is that, when translational velocity is constant, it implies angular velocity will also be constant (as translational velocity is a multiple of angular velocity). But the torque from friction (about the centre of mass) will not be zero which means angular velocity will not be constant. In some book where there was the same problem it was written friction will vanish. How can friction vanish? How can anguluar velocity be constant even when there is a torque by friction?


Is there a special symbol for the set: $$ \{1, 2, 3, \dots, n\}$$,  or $$\{x| 1\leq x\leq n, n \in \mathbb{Z} \} $$?

Is it true that I can write the set of the the first $n$ natural numbers as $[ n] $?  For example, $[10]= \{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 \}$. And in which math context this is used?


So I have a question about what can be done for SEO-purposes purely with coding (meaning this question is not about content strategies, keyword research, linkbuilding and stuff like that, but only about building crawlable semantic mark-up with all the necessary meta-tags). When I'm building a website, I make sure to do anything I can to make the site SEO-optimized and also ready for sharing to Facebook and other Social Media. My checklist looks like that:   Elements in <head>   <title> (title of the page) <meta name="description"> (relevant for SERP) <meta name="author"> Important open Graph meta-tags (so that sharing a page will look good on Facebook and other Social Media, meaning there will be a preview picture, a custom title and description text)   og:author og:description og:image og:type og:url  All of the above should be editable on a per-site basis from the backend.  Structure of the <body>   <h1> (page's topic) <h2> - <h4> (section's topic's) <nav> for the menu <article> for the page's main content <aside> for sidebars <section> for content sections other semantic block-tags (<p>, <blockquote>, ...) avoid <div>s as much as possible Of the above, there should be at least one <h1> and one <article>    So I have a couple of questions about this list:   You may have noticed that the <meta name="keyword">-element didn't make the list, because Google doesn't use it according to their website. Does it still have any relevance? Should I include it and if so, what should it contain? A couple of the 'standard' meta-tags have a similar function as the OpenGraph meta tags (e.g. <meta name="author> & <meta property="og:author">; <meta name="description"> & <meta property="og:description">. In these cases, should I use both in conjunction? Or only one of them (and if so, which one)? How important are og:type and og:url and how should they be used? Are there other important OpenGraph tags that I didn't mention? How important are Twitter Cards? Should I use them all the time? Or only for specific purposes? And if so, could you give an example of a good usage? What else should I include in the <head>? Is my general rule where each individual page should at least include one <h1>-heading and one <article> (and other semantic HTML5-elements depending on the requirements of the page) correct? What else should be included in the <body>? (Maybe slightly off-topic: How important is a XML-sitemap? I haven't really worked with that before, can you recommend any good tutorials on how to build a good sitemap?)   I'm aware that the coding is only one half of good SEO, the other one being creating good content including good keywords (that cater to 'long tail' searches) as well as linkbuilding. However, this question is purely about what can be done regarding SEO coding-wise.

What are the best ways to improve a site's position in the Google search results?


I don't know what happened. Clearly some file got corrupted in my /home folder.  As such when I type my password, the system tries to log me in (purple screen) then dumps me back to the log in screen.  I can log in on command line (alt+F2) and I can log in as a different user normally.   Only entry in jouranlctl -f I can find relevant to this is a failure to write ICEAuthority file (I've tried to chmod it to me again, but it still says cannot write).  Any ideas?  Thank you.

My Ubuntu is stuck in a login loop when trying to enter my desktop. When I login, the screen gets black and soon after that the login screen comes back.   I've read that the problem might be caused by an error depending on the graphics, here's my graphics card: ATI Radeon 7670M


I was reading Wikipedia article about  and there's something in it's definition that makes me wonder:     Impact ionization is the process in a material by which one energetic charge carrier can lose energy by the creation of other charge carriers. For example, in semiconductors, an electron (or hole) with enough kinetic energy can knock a bound electron out of its bound state (in the valence band) and promote it to a state in the conduction band, creating an electron-hole pair.   Isn't "electron hole" concept to express lack of electron? I thought it is similar concept to "darkness", which is lack of light.   And if it is just a lack of electron, how can "empty space" knock out an electron? If it's "just a hole" (there's nothing there), then it have no mass, no real energy... how can it even affect another electron in such way that it will be pushed away?  I would be glad if someone could explain to me what really electron hole really is, and if it's not just an absence of something, then what is it?

I am having hard time in understanding the concept of holes:   If there is no electron than how can it be a hole? For a moment lets assume absence of electron is termed as hole but how can this absent particle have mass? Under equilibrium  no electrons are present in conduction band. Why cant we termed this absence as holes in conduction band?


I have package saved as .sty file and located in the same folder with the .tex. However it still displays as 'package not found'. Is there any way to add package?

I want to add a new document class to TexStudio. The document class is named "AEA" and is available in  (the first .zip file below "Please note:")  The code will look like this  \documentclass[AER]{AEA} \draftSpacing{1.5} \begin{document} Hello World! \end{document}


I've recently installed Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS on a external SSD, which I've attached to my laptop (Dell XPS 13) and boot from at the grub menu. Everything works as expected, apart from the WiFi. Under Settings > Network there's no WiFi options at all, nothing even indicating an error (just VPN options). I don't know where to start in getting this working. Also, if it's relevant, I've disabled fast start-up because I heard this causes problems. I'm running a dual boot with Windows. I've tried the top solution posted , but this had no effect. I saw  about how to debug WiFi issues and ran the suggested script. The readout from the script is . I have no idea how to debug something like this and don't know where to start trying to interpret the readout from the script. If someone is able to point me in the direction of the error of show me how to debug this that would be much appreciated.

I'm having serious problems installing the Broadcom drivers for Ubuntu. It worked perfectly on my previous version, but now, it is impossible.   What are the steps to install Broadcom wireless drivers for a BCM43xx card?  I'm a user with no advance knowledge in Linux, so I would need clear explanations on how to make, compile, etc.    lspci -vnn | grep Network showed:   Broadcom Corporation BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:432b]      iwconfig showed:  lo        no wireless extensions. eth0      no wireless extensions.   NOTE: Answer below is updated every time new information is added and confirmed working.


Is there a way to make the commented definition of b working?  template <typename t0> struct comp_impl {         t0 g;          template <typename t1>         t0 h(t1 x)         {                 return g;         }; };  template <typename t0, typename t1> void foo() { //      WORKS         int (comp_impl<int>::*a)(int) = &comp_impl<int>::h<int>; //      FAILS //      t0 (comp_impl<t0>::*b)(t1) = &comp_impl<t0>::h<t1>; }  void bar() {         foo<int, int>(); }   The error is:  comp-3.cpp: In function ‘void foo()’: comp-3.cpp:19:51: error: expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token   t0 (comp_impl<t0>::*b)(t1) = &comp_impl<t0>::h<t1>;                                                    ^ comp-3.cpp:19:52: error: expected primary-expression before ‘;’ token   t0 (comp_impl<t0>::*b)(t1) = &comp_impl<t0>::h<t1>;

In templates, where and why do I have to put typename and template on dependent names? What exactly are dependent names anyway?    I have the following code:  template <typename T, typename Tail> // Tail will be a UnionNode too. struct UnionNode : public Tail {     // ...     template<typename U> struct inUnion {         // Q: where to add typename/template here?         typedef Tail::inUnion<U> dummy;      };     template< > struct inUnion<T> {     }; }; template <typename T> // For the last node Tn. struct UnionNode<T, void> {     // ...     template<typename U> struct inUnion {         char fail[ -2 + (sizeof(U)%2) ]; // Cannot be instantiated for any U     };     template< > struct inUnion<T> {     }; };   The problem I have is in the typedef Tail::inUnion<U> dummy line. I'm fairly certain that inUnion is a dependent name, and VC++ is quite right in choking on it. I also know that I should be able to add template somewhere to tell the compiler that inUnion is a template-id. But where exactly? And should it then assume that inUnion is a class template, i.e. inUnion<U> names a type and not a function?


Having just rewatched the Captain America films and being an occasional visitor to oddball websites I can't help shake the feeling that Chris Evan's portrayal of Steve Rogers comes across a bit gay (or bisexual really).   He clearly has a great affection for Bucky Barnes and is willing to do anything to protect him. Now this doesn't in and of itself make Steve gay, clearly he also has feelings for Peggy and later Sharon Carter. However, I don't know what it is, whether it is Chris Evans acting or what, but some of the scenes they share just give the impression that there is something more going there...  And I am not the only one.  and   So what is it? Is there something more, or as this video so puts it?                                  Not to be confused with a similar question. this question is asking directly about the portrayal in films, not the overall character.

First, if you are thinking that this question is a joke or troll, I'd like to welcome you to the 21st century when the mankind is discussing legality of gay marriages.  Now, if you look at the sexuality (I'll keep it clean) of all the Avengers minus Captain America:   Iron Man: Well, he is a billionaire playboy who can bring hot female journalists to bed with a snap of a finger (Iron Man movie). Otherwise, he has a girlfriend who is CEO of a multi-billion dollar company. Thor: He has a Nobel prize winning girlfriend who doesn't belong to his species. Hulk: Dr. Banner had a girlfriend, but then the gamma accident happened which could turn him into a green monster upon arousal (The Incredible Hulk movie). It's still unclear whether he can now have sex or not (after he controlled himself with meditation) and his girlfriend is still with him or not, but he isn't a virgin and nobody knows what happened after Age of Ultron. It's possible that Black Widow successfully seduced him after he was found again. Black Widow: Although, she is single and she has been sterilized, it's difficult to believe that she is a virgin and she doesn't have sex regularly because she is seen kissing around. And, she was trying to seduce Dr. Banner (Avengers: Age of Ultron movie). The point is: She is sexually active. Hawkeye: He is married (Avengers: Age of Ultron movie).   Now, look at Captain America:   When Peggy kissed him in Captain America movie, it was their first kiss and then he got iced. Fast forward to 21st century: Although his age is 80+, he is still young. Yet, he doesn't have a girlfriend and he doesn't show any interest in girls. Even when Black Widow kissed him, he didn't try to drag her to bed. Talking about low libido (a medical condition which arises due to stress and other factors), it's impossible because his super soldier serum should keep him healthy in all way. From the functional biology point of view, low libido is actually caused by imbalance of hormones. Stress suppresses rest-and-digest autonomous nervous system and activates fight-or-flight autonomous nervous system (that's why stress, depression etc damage health). In case of Captain America, yes, he got negative emotions after he was defrosted, but his super soldier serum should take care of his biological health. So, one of the other possibilities: He is gay (which has been proved to be a natural condition, not some kind of abnormality).   To prove that he is gay, let's look at his emotional responses: In 21st century, when he met Peggy, he didn't become emotional. But, when he saw Bucky, he became emotional.  I am a straight male and I am creative enough to emulate the situation well. If I had met my first love in such situation, I would have become emotional and it'd actually hurt to know that she is old and I am young. Talking about a dead best friend who is somehow alive and attacking me, my natural response would start with a slang. By no means, Captain America's emotional response looks straight man's response and it looks a gay's response.  Is Captain America really gay? Am I overthinking or producers are really hinting something to throw later? These days it's common in media for awareness. For example, Flash (2014) TV show has a gay police officer.  A more general question: Has sexual orientation of Captain America been disclosed? If he isn't gay, is he straight (there are lots of sexual orientations e.g. Bisexuality)? What about comics?


I'm working on a problem in my past Qual.  "Suppose $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ is in $L^1(\mathbb{R})$. Prove that $f(x+1/n)\to f$ in $L^1(\mathbb{R})$."  We have $\int |f(x+1/n)|=\int |f|<\infty$. The sequence is uniformly dominated by $f\in L^1$. So by the diagram in , it suffices to prove that $f(x+1/n)\to f$ almost everywhere or in measure.  However, both involve evaluating $|f(x+1/n)- f(x)|$. I don't think this is possible since $f$ is not continuous. This is where I'm out of approaches.

I am working on some past prelim problems and one of them is the following: If $f \in \mathcal{L}^1(\mathbb{R})$ then $\lim_{h\rightarrow 0}\int_{-\infty}^\infty |f(x+h)-f(x)|dx\rightarrow 0$   Update: Following Jackie Chong's advice, I am attempting this problem with the dominated convergence theorem. Since $f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})$, $f$ can be approximated from below by a sequence of continuous functions $f_n$. Then, I believe I can say that, for all $n$ sufficiently large, $|f_n(x+\frac{1}{n})-f_n(x)|\le 2|f(x)|$. (I'm not sure of this part thought). Then $2|f(x)|$ is integrable and hence a dominating function for $|f_n(x+\frac{1}{n})-f_n(x)|$. So by the dominated convergence theorem we can take the limit inside $\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\int|f_n(x+\frac{1}{n})-f(x)|dx=\int \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}|f_n(x+\frac{1}{n})-f(x)|dx=0$ Is this on the right track?  Another approach that I thought may work, but which I'm less certain of is the following: If $f$ can be approximated by $C^1$ functions (I have no real justification for this, so please correct me if its wrong), then for each $n$ and each $x$ there is some $y(x,n)\in B_{1/n}(x)$ such that $|f(x+\frac{1}{n}-f(x)|=\frac{1}{n}|f'(y(x,n)|$ but from here I don't see how to proceed, because just because $|f|$ is integrable, I can't justify $|f'|$ being integrable, but if there is some way to fix this approach, hints would be appreciated.   Another thing I was thinking was to first approximate $f$ from below by continuous functions $f_n$ then to define $g_{m,n}=|f_n(x+\frac{1}{m})-f_n(x)| \chi_{[-m,m]}$. Then, for each $n$, the function $g_{m,n}$ is continuous on its support, and since it support is compact, it is uniformly continuous there. Can this be used to justify bringing the limit $\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}$ inside the integral? Then apply the monotone convergence theorem? I know this idea is probably even more sketchy than my previous one, but if it can be fixed please let me know :)  Thanks!


When you click the Add Comment button, a  symbol appears.  Demonstration:    This was tested and reproduced on Arqade, RPi.SE and Meta.SE

I don't know whether this just started or perhaps it's actually something new in my browser, but it must come down to SE code ultimately and I've never noticed it before today/yesterday.  Submit a comment via the "Add Comment" button, or submit a close-vote, or post a question, or do anything really that involves clicking one of those kinds of buttons, in Chrome 48 on Windows 7 64-bit, and you'll see your mouse cursor very briefly turn into the "not allowed" cursor right before the button is removed.      It seems the button is being disabled or whatnot before it's being hidden, which results in this "flash of malstyled content". Not a big deal but a little annoying.


I was wondering if there is an intuitive explanation why the surface of an $n$-dimensional sphere is maximal at $n=6$ and for the volume $n=5$. I know that for the surface you have: $$A_n=\frac{2\pi^\frac{(n+1)}{2}}{\Gamma(\frac{n+1}{2})}$$  And for the volume $$V_n=\frac{A_{n-1}}{n}$$      Finally you get $$A_n(R)=A_nR^n$$ $$V_n(R)=V_nR^n$$ Where $R$ is the radius of the ball. Plugging in the dimensions it's easy to show that $V_n$ is max for $n=5$ and the surface for $n=6$ Is there an intuitive way of explaining this?

The volume of an $n$-dimensional ball of radius $1$ is given by the classical formula $$V_n=\frac{\pi^{n/2}}{\Gamma(n/2+1)}.$$  For small values of $n$, we have $$V_1=2\qquad$$ $$V_2\approx 3.14$$ $$V_3\approx 4.18$$ $$V_4\approx 4.93$$ $$V_5\approx 5.26$$  $$V_6\approx 5.16$$ $$V_7\approx 4.72$$ It is not difficult to prove that $V_n$ assumes its maximal value when $n=5$.   Question. Is there any non-analytic (i.e. geometric, probabilistic, combinatorial...) demonstration of this fact? What is so special about $n=5$? I also have a similar question concerning the $n$-dimensional volume $S_n$ ("surface area") of a unit $n$-sphere. Why is the maximum of $S_n$ attained at $n=7$ from a geometric point of view?   note: the question has also been  for those curious to other answers.


It takes at least 3 times longer to copy files with shutil.copyfile() versus to a regular right-click-copy > right-click-paste using Windows File Explorer or Mac's Finder.  Is there any faster alternative to shutil.copyfile() in Python? What could be done to speed up a file copying process? (The files destination is on the network drive... if it makes any difference...).  EDITED LATER:  Here is what I have ended up with:  def copyWithSubprocess(cmd):             proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)  win=mac=False if sys.platform.startswith("darwin"):mac=True elif sys.platform.startswith("win"):win=True  cmd=None if mac: cmd=['cp', source, dest] elif win: cmd=['xcopy', source, dest, '/K/O/X']  if cmd: copyWithSubprocess(cmd)

How do I copy a file in Python?  I couldn't find anything under .


I want to add a line break in vim from line 59 to the end of file.  - 0021: Paralleism - 0022: Mazimum Sum Sequence - 0023: Circles Intersection - 0024: Physical Experiments   to this   - 0021: Paralleism  - 0022: Mazimum Sum Sequence  - 0023: Circles Intersection  - 0024: Physical Experiments   I tried the following  but it doesn't work.  :59,Gs/$/$\n/   How can I achieve this with vim substitute?

I'm trying to replace each , in the current file by a new line:  :%s/,/\n/g    But it inserts what looks like a ^@ instead of an actual newline. The file is not in DOS mode or anything.  What should I do?  If you are curious, like me, check the question  as well.


I was messing with CTRL + L and probably somehow connected 2 separate object, now when I try to apply scale to any of them I got error "Cannot apply to a multi user: Object "Plane.028", Mesh "Plane.033", aborting". Also, when I select one and go to edit mode, it shows me edit mode of other object also. What could be problem and solution

I duplicated a few objects with Alt+D and now I want to apply some modifiers to them, however I can't, because they are multi-user objects.  I tried U > Objects but I still can't apply the modifier.  How to make multi user objects single user?


Isaacs 6.13: If $\textbf{Z}(A_n)>1$, then $n=3$.  I am unsure where to begin. I know that $\textbf{Z}(A_n)$ is the center of $A_n$. If we assume that $\textbf{Z}(A_n)>1$, then the center is not the trivial center (i.e. it doesn't only contain the identity element.  But how do I proceed from  there?

I need to prove that the center of $A_n$ is trivial for $n \geq 4$.  $Z(A_3) = A_3$, since $A_3 = \mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z}$ is commutative.  One idea is two use "counting" technique. First of, all we count cojugacy classes of even permutations in $S_n$. It's the classes correspodning to the types $[\lambda_1, ..., \lambda_r]$ where $n \equiv r \mod 2$  Now, the conjugacy class in $S_n$ correspoding to the type $[\lambda_1, ..., \lambda_r]$ splits into two equal-sized classes in $A_n$ if $\lambda_1, ..., \lambda_r$ are distinct odd numbers. If they aren't then it is preserved in $A_n$.  Then we can use "the counting formula"(  ) of elements in each "even" class of $S_n$ and divide one by $2$ if needed.  Still, I'm not sure if it can be done. Seems to be a lot of work there. Maybe there are other, he easier ways? Or, maybe, it is the way, in this case, I wouild appreciate any advices.


I learned about metric spaces and topological spaces but I don't see how they correlate.  How does a metric space follow the properties of a topological space.

What is the difference between a topological and a metric space?


Suppose, we consider  R:=GL(29); (Galois field of order $29$) G:=SmallGroup(7,1); (cyclic group of order $7$) H:=Group Ring(R, G); (this generates the group ring).  Suppose that GAP is unable to fetch the list of elements. Then how can I do the following: (i) check whether an element is in H or not and how to write that element. (ii) how to select some element of H, let's say $n$th element.

In GAP, working with elements of the symmetric group $S_k$ is straightforward. E.g. one can write  (1,2)*(2,3);   to obtain (1,3,2).  Is there a similar functionality to work with group rings, say $\mathbb{Q}[S_k]$? E.g., what would be the standard approach to evaluate expressions such as  [3*() - (1,2)] * [-(1,2) + 1/3*(2,3)]   I'm aware that one can create $\mathbb{Q}[S_k]$ by   G:= SymmetricGroup(k); KG:= GroupRing(Rationals, G);   After that step however I don't know how to create actual elements of $\mathbb{Q}[S_k]$.


I'm using the  templating engine for my website. I now have a variable ($username) which I can use in my regular html file with {$username}. This works fine.   I now want to use this same variable in a separate .js file which I load into the thml file using <script src="/js/MySeparateJsFile.js"></script>. I tried using {$username} in it, but that doesn't seem to work. So I thought of setting it from within the html file using Javascript, but I have no clue how I would be able to do that.  Does anybody know how I can insert a javascript variable from within an html file into the .js file methods? All tips are welcome!

I want to use a PHP variable in JavaScript. How is it possible?


I am trying to download Xcode from the App Store, but it says that I have to have a newer version of macOS. But I don't have enough space on my computer to upgrade. Its like 8 gigs or something like that and if I only could download Xcode that was compatible with macOS Sierra that would be nice.

I upgraded to Xcode 8 and now I really regret it. I'm trying to download Xcode 7.3.1 here:    It is a 4.8 GB file.  After three attempts - the download appears to finish around the 1-2 GB mark - and then I can't open or resume the download:    How do I download this without the download being disrupted? Is there another place to download older version of Xcode?


I was trying to draw a simple rectangular on a JFrame but when I tried to draw it it gave me a NullPointerException. I could not find the problem because it is one of my codes that I already used. The object that is Null is a Graphics object that I got from the super class. Can someone help me with this?  Error:  Exception in thread "Thread-2" java.lang.NullPointerException at com.daansander.game.Game.render(Game.java:83) at com.daansander.game.Game.run(Game.java:76) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)   Full Code:  package com.daansander.game;   import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy;  /**  * Created by Daan on 12-9-2015.  */ public class Game extends Canvas implements Runnable {      public static final int WIDTH = 500;     public static final int HEIGHT = WIDTH / 12 * 9;     public static final int SCALE = 2;     public static final String NAME = "2DGame";      private JFrame frame;     private volatile boolean running;      public Game() {         setMinimumSize(new Dimension(WIDTH * SCALE, HEIGHT * SCALE));         setMaximumSize(new Dimension(WIDTH * SCALE, HEIGHT * SCALE));         setPreferredSize(new Dimension(WIDTH * SCALE, HEIGHT * SCALE));          frame = new JFrame(NAME);          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);         frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());          frame.add(this, BorderLayout.CENTER);         frame.pack();          frame.setResizable(false);         frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);         frame.setVisible(true);      }      public static void main(String[] args) {         new Game().start();     }      public synchronized void start() {         running = true;         new Thread(this).start();     }      public synchronized void stop() {     }      @Override     public void run() {         long lastTime = System.currentTimeMillis();         long current;         long delta = 0;          int frames = 0; //        int ticks = 0;          while (running) {             current = System.currentTimeMillis();             delta += current - lastTime;             lastTime = current;             frames++;              if (delta > 1000) {                 delta -= 1000;                 System.out.println("FRAMES " + frames);                 frames = 0;              }              try {                 Thread.sleep(2);             } catch (InterruptedException e) {                 e.printStackTrace();             }              render();         }     }      public void render() {         BufferStrategy bs = getBufferStrategy();          Graphics g = bs.getDrawGraphics(); // <----- Line of error  //        g.setColor(Color.black); //        g.drawRect(0, 0, 5, 5); // //        g.dispose(); //        bs.show();     }      public void tick() {      }      public void init() {      } }

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


Find the remainder of the division of 1112131 41516171819 by 99 . (b) Find the remainder 111213141516171819 by 101  For a) I think I just need to sum up two digit such as  135 mod 99 =36 b.) sum up three digit each such as 1971 mod 101 then can i sum 197+1 mod 101?   Is this right?

Now I have proved the following two problems:      (1) Prove that a number and the sum of its digits have the same remainder upon division by 9.    (2) Given an integer, consider the difference between the sum of the digits in odd positions (counting from the right) and those in even positions. Show that the difference has the same remainder as the number itself when divided by 11.    Then, I need help on the following problem:      Partition the digits of a number into groups of two and three, respectively, starting from the right. Treat these as two- and three-digit numbers, respectively, and proceed similarly as in the two problems above. What divisibility rules arise?    In fact, I did not quite get what this problem asks for and not clear about this process. Could anyone give me some hints on this, please?  Thanks in advance.


I'm sorry if I'm wasting anyone's time with a dumb question but I'll try to explain the way I see things. So, if God created a world where you can't levitate, see through walls etc, and I want to do those things, do I still have free will? What about sin, hurting other etc? Why did God created a world where I can hurt other peoples, where we can kill each other, etc? If we can't do these things and this results in losing our free will, the fact that we can't levitate results in losing free will too, right? And I'm not talking about physical laws or biological properties that does not allow us to levitate, because if we say that, there could also be physical laws and biological properties that makes us unable to hurt others.

Free will can be seen as freedom "to" and freedom "from". What is it freedom from? Is free will free of logic? Is free will free of cause and effect? What is free will free from?


I have a postfix mail server for our firm. The mails sent from this server to gmail and yahoo goes in spam.  The postfix is configured on our server and it has never been used for spamming.  Everything is configured as is should. The server works fine, the headers are as they should be.  What should I do in order the messages not to go in spam?

This is a  about how to handle email sent from your server being misclassified as spam.  For additional information you may find these similar questions helpful:                    Sometimes I want to send newsletters to my customers. The problem is, that some of the emails get caught as spam messages. Mostly by Outlook at the client (even in my own Outlook 2007).  Now I want to know what should be done to create "good" emails. I know about reverse lookup etc., but (for example), what about a unsubscribe link with an unique ID?  Does that increase a spam rating?


I have written a code to design a Zoo. But I am getting the following error. Please can anyone help me understand why I am getting a null pointer exception.  package Zoo;  class Animal{      int legs = 4;      boolean veg=false;      String name= "";      public void setFood(boolean foodType){         this.veg = foodType;     }      public void setLegs(int foodType){         this.legs = foodType;     }      public void setName(String name){         this.name = name;     }      void setValues(String name, int legs, boolean foodType){         setName(name);         setFood(foodType);         setLegs(legs);     } }  class Wildanimal extends Animal{     boolean foodType = true;     Wildanimal(String name,int legs){         setValues(name, legs, this.foodType);     }  }  class Herbivorose extends Animal{     boolean foodType = false;     Herbivorose(String name,int legs) {         setValues(name, legs, this.foodType);     } }  class Cage {     Cage next = null;     Cage root ;     Animal animal;      //Put in wild animal cage     public void putInWildCage(Wildanimal animal) {         this.next.animal = this.root.animal;         this.root.animal = animal;     }     //Put in herbivores cage     public void putInHerbCage(Herbivorose animal){         this.next.animal = this.root.animal;         this.root.animal = animal;         } }   public class Zoo{      public static void main(String[] args){         //Create cage for different animal type         Cage putinWildCage = new Cage();         Cage putinHerbCage = new Cage();          //Create some wild animals         Wildanimal tiger = new Wildanimal("Lisa", 4);         Wildanimal lion = new Wildanimal("Lina", 4);         Wildanimal panthor = new Wildanimal("bett", 4);          //Create some herbivorous         Herbivorose dear = new Herbivorose("teli", 3);         Herbivorose bear = new Herbivorose("tame", 3);         Herbivorose monkey = new Herbivorose("tepp", 3);          //we can not keep wild animals with herbivorous. So          //Put Herbivores in herb cage         putinHerbCage.putInHerbCage(dear);         putinHerbCage.putInHerbCage(bear);         putinHerbCage.putInHerbCage(monkey);          //Put wild animal in wild cage         putinWildCage.putInWildCage(tiger);         putinWildCage.putInWildCage(lion);         putinWildCage.putInWildCage(panthor);          System.out.println(putinHerbCage.next.animal.name);      }     }   ERROR  Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException     at Zoo.Cage.putInHerbCage(Zoo.java:54)     at Zoo.Zoo.main(Zoo.java:80)     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)     at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)     at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)


In a salutation on a line by itself, which version is punctuated correctly?     Hi, Mr Lawler,      I am writing to say [...]        Hi Mr Lawler,      I am writing to say [...]        Hi, Mr Lawler.      I am writing to say [...]

Sometimes I see a comma after the proper name:     Hello Mr. Black,      In order to give you....   But my native language is not English and I think that the comma in this phrase should be placed before the proper name:      Hello, Mr. Black.      In order to give you....   What is the correct punctuation in English?


The label of my figure is not the same as what is returned by /ref.  My code:  \begin{defi} Let $X$ be a topological space with $x_0 \ X$. A \emph{loop} at $x_0$ is a continous function $f:[0,1] \rightarrow X$ such that $f(0) = x_0 =f(1)$. See Figure \ref{loop}. \begin{figure}[H] \label{loop} \centering \includegraphics{loop} \caption{A loop at the point $x_0$.} \end{figure} \end{defi}   The result:

\documentclass{article} \usepackage{algorithm}  \begin{document} \setcounter{section}{54} \section{A section with no label} \begin{algorithm} \label{myalg} \caption{An algorithm with the label `myalg'.} \end{algorithm} Reference to myalg: \ref{myalg}. \end{document}   With this code, the reference givens 55 (the section number); if I move the label after the caption command, I get the correct reference (1).  Why should this be the case? I find it confusing: when thinking about an algorithm as an environment, you expect to be able to label it right after you began it. At the very least I would expect some kind of error or "??" to appear, rather than the previous environment or reference-able entity being used.


I have looked at the definition of an integral domain and tried multiple equivalencies of being an integral domain but still can't figure out how to prove that:  Proposition: If $A$ is an integral domain and $a^2=1$, then $a=1$ or $a=-1$.  I would appreciate any clues on how to start this proof.

I like to be thorough, but if you feel confident you can skip the first paragraph.  Review: A ring is a set $R$ endowed with two operations of + and $\cdot$ such that $(G,+)$ is an additive abelian group, multiplication is associative, $R$ contains the multiplicative identity (denoted with 1), and the distributive law holds.  If multiplication is also commutative, we say $R$ is a commutative ring. A ring that has no zero divisors (non-zero elements whose product is zero) is called an integral domain, or just a domain.  We want to show that for a domain, the equation $x^2 = 1$ has at most 2 solutions in $R$ (one of which is the trivial solution 1).    Here's what I did:   For simplicity let $1,a,b$ and $c$ be distinct non-zero elements in $R$.  Assume $a^2 = 1$.  We want to show that letting $b^2 = 1$ as well will lead to a contradiction.  So suppose $b^2 = 1$, then it follows that $a^2b^2 = (ab)^2 = 1$, so $ab$ is a solution as well, but is it a new solution?  If $ab = 1$, then $abb = 1b \Rightarrow a = b$ which is a contradiction.  If $ab = a$, then $aab = aa \Rightarrow b = 1$ which is also a contradiction.  Similarly, $ab = b$ won't work either.  So it must be that $ab = c$.  So by "admitting" $b$ as a solution, we're forced to admit $c$ as well.  So far we have $a^2 = b^2 = c^2 = 1$ and $ab = c$.  We can procede as before as say that $(abc)^2 = 1$, so $abc$ is a solution, but once again we should check if it is a new solution.  From $ab = c$, we get $a = cb$ and $b = ac$, so $abc = (cb)(ac)(ab) = (abc)^2 = 1$.  So $abc$ is not a new solution; it's just one.  At this point I'm stuck.  I've shown that it is in fact possible to have a ring with 4 distinct elements, namely $1,a,b$ and $c$ such that each satisfies the equation $x^2 = 1$ and $abc = 1$.  What am I missing?


I have recently started using LaTeX, to do my chemistry homework and I wish to display this but I have no idea on how to, is anyone able to help me

Can you create diagrams of chemical structures in LaTeX?   Example(s) of "chemical structure diagrams":


I can't get IIS to match a URL with a #. Instead It trims the URL at the # /product name to match #1.html ^seeds/([A-Za-z0-9-_ #]+).html/?$  I've tried escaping it, to no avail. Result from IIS is /product name to match Any ideas? N.B. whoever marked my question as answered elsewhere please read my question again.

I know on client side (javascript) you can use windows.location.hash but could not find anyway to access from the server side. I'm using asp.net.


I installed Xubuntu for reasons of stability and fluidity in my notebook.  I used to have Ubuntu with Gnome Shell, which used much screen magnifier (I have vision problems). After that bad experience, due to the slowness of the system, but decided to reinstall Ubuntu with Unity, I spoke to also had a screen magnifier, the problem is that the system is quite slow and unstable because it froze and restarted at any moment the computer is not a good practice.  Met Xubuntu, but apparently this little thought in people with some degree of visual impairment.  I tried KMag -> not qualify.  Virtual Magnifying Glass 3.5 -> That qualifies half as wide the screen as usual, but locks the keyboard and mouse actions.  I was told to install GNOME Orca, this is just a screen reader, does not help.  Any suggestions?

I'm trying to get an Ubuntu laptop functional for a visually impaired friend. Her impairment is such that a screen magnifier would solve the issue.  I've tried out Kmag (as its the only hit when searching the software center for "magnifier"), but it seems odd the Ubuntu lacks a default.  So I'm assuming I'm missing something obvious.


Let F be the ring of continuous functions from $R$ to $R$. Let  $A =\{f \in F \; | \; f(0)=0\}$ Show that $A$ is maximal in R.  Please check my attempt below:- (This question has been posted already but I haven't studied homomorphism as of now, I just need to know if my attempt is fine)  First of all, it can be shown that $A=<x>$ ,i.e, it is the Principle Ideal generated by $x \in F$ and hence it is an Ideal of $F$  To show it is maximal, I am showing $\frac{F }{<x>}$ is field  Since $F$ is a commutative ring with unity $= 1$ $\rightarrow \frac{F}{<x>}$ is commutative ring with unity $= 1 + <x>$  Consider,  $\; x\in <x>$   $\rightarrow x + <x> = <x> \; \rightarrow x = 0 \;$ in $\frac{F }{<x>}$   $\frac{F}{<x>} = \{ f \; \;+\; <x> \; \; | \; \; f \in F \} = \{\; k \; + \; <x> \; | \; k \in R\}$ (where $R$ is the set of real functions)  Consider non zero element $k + A \; \in \frac{F}{<x>} \; \rightarrow k\neq 0$ $\; \; \exists \frac1k \; \in R \; \;$ such that $(k+<x>)(\frac1k + <x>) = 1 + <x> = (\frac1k + <x>)(k+<x>)$  Hence $\frac{F}{<x>} $ is field and $<x> $ is maximal.  I am not very sure if this is correct because my textbook has shown $A$ as maximal directly without showing the factor ring is field.

Is the ideal $I = \{f \mid f (0) = 0\}$ in the ring $C [0, 1]$ of all continuous real valued functions on the interval $[0, 1]$ a maximal ideal?


I installed Ubuntu 16.04 along side windows 10 on my lenovo y50 laptop. The installation finished properly but I cant seem to get the wifi networks to show up. I have spent days trying to do this and have tried almost all relevant posts related to reinstalling the broadcom driver. Can someone please give me advice than can work for my laptop model?  EDIT: I was asked to add the result for the following commands:  Command:  lspci -nnk | grep 0280 -A3   Gives  08:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4352 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter [14e4:43b1] (rev 03)     Subsystem: Lenovo BCM4352 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter [17aa:0623]     Kernel driver in use: bcma-pci-bridge     Kernel modules: bcma   Command:  rfkill list all   Gives:  0: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN     Soft blocked: no     Hard blocked: no 1: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes     Hard blocked: no     2: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes     Hard blocked: no

I'm having serious problems installing the Broadcom drivers for Ubuntu. It worked perfectly on my previous version, but now, it is impossible.   What are the steps to install Broadcom wireless drivers for a BCM43xx card?  I'm a user with no advance knowledge in Linux, so I would need clear explanations on how to make, compile, etc.    lspci -vnn | grep Network showed:   Broadcom Corporation BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:432b]      iwconfig showed:  lo        no wireless extensions. eth0      no wireless extensions.   NOTE: Answer below is updated every time new information is added and confirmed working.


I have a main directory bp and it has many sub-directories bp01, bp02, bp04. In each directory it has a file and the name of each file is randomly but start with co. I want to change each file name the same as its parent directory.  The following is the structure of my folder:    I want it look like this:    I am green hand in Linux,hope some one can help me. Thank you:)

I have to deal with a large number of files nested inside of directories (one file per directory), resembling something like this:  fred/result.txt john/result.txt mary/result.txt ...   I am currently using the following command to process each of those files:  find . -maxdepth 1 -type d \( ! -name . \) -exec bash -c \"cd '{}' && processResult result.txt\" \;   I am looking for something I can add into the end of this command that will change the filenames to fred.txt, etc. and then later move the file into the parent directory to eliminate the extra layer of directories.  What would be the best way to do this?


I have some void methods and I need to test them, but I'm not sure about how to do it. I just know how to test methods that return something, using Assert. Someone knows how to do it? Do you guys know some links with exercices in this style?

What is the best way to unit test a method that doesn't return anything? Specifically in c#.  What I am really trying to test is a method that takes a log file and parses it for specific strings. The strings are then inserted into a database. Nothing that hasn't been done before but being VERY new to TDD I am wondering if it is possible to test this or is it something that doesn't really get tested.


I just came across to this code , I know how variable length parameter works but i am confuse with this line func(*((userId,)+pargs)  def pwapi_auth(func):     def inner(authToken, *pargs, **kwargs):         # ...         users = {'a':0,                  'b':1,                  'c':2}         userId = users[authToken]         return func(*((userId,)+pargs), **kwargs)     return inner >>> print getUsername('b') Name_2 >>> changeUsername('b', 'New_Person') >>> print getUsername('b') New_Person

In the following method definitions, what does the * and ** do for param2?  def foo(param1, *param2): def bar(param1, **param2):


I want to make a function in my theme, which sets some things in the screen options tab on by default if you select my theme. This remains same for all users in the admin area.  I don't care about their order, basically I just want to make sure custom fields and excerpt are ticked by default on the new/edit posts page.  I've looked around alot but everything goes over my head and isn't working, I'm kind of new to wordpress so sorry if I didn't use the proper terms.

I'd love to be able to hide meta boxes using screen options, instead of removing them or restricting them to user roles, the goal is to just "uncheck" the meta box for the user.  I see how this would be tricky since any code that would make a DB change for a user wouldn't be allowed to run every time they hit the page because it would just reset. But smarter people than I code the core, so maybe there's a way. And if there is, I'm dying to know.  Any ideas?


I want create a program that finds folder sizes on my servers, but...  I have several folders where I have no access (fx Roaming User Profiles - on the server), is it possible as an administrator to get size for these folders?  I guess since the backup system can access these folders, then I should too ... somehow.  EDIT:  I see people marking my question as duplicate, but ..   How can Impersonate help me? With impersonate, I run the process as another user, but which user should I run it as, to get folder sizes of all users profiles on the server (folder)? Already tried elevated UAC as in comments, that had no effect. Still getting Access Denied.   So I'm still not near a solution to my question.

Is there a simple out of the box way to impersonate a user in .NET?  So far I've been using  for all my impersonation requirements.  Is there a better way to do it by using .NET Framework?  I have a user credential set, (username, password, domain name) which represents the identity I need to impersonate.


Storing a product name value in DB,For example Product Name:AFTOVAXPUR DOE  Injektionsvätska, emulsion För Får, Nöt ,Svin   The above product-name contains double space,I am searching for same product-name and displaying the search results in a JSF data-table , product-name value along with some other columns.  Issue: When rendering the product-name in data-table,JSF data-table is not displaying the exact product-name.  Actual Result:AFTOVAXPUR DOE Injektionsvätska, emulsion För Får, Nöt ,Svin   Note:- Product-Name is displaying by removing/trimming any consecutive space into one space.  Expected Result:AFTOVAXPUR DOE  Injektionsvätska, emulsion För Får, Nöt ,Svin  Note:-It should display as it is stored in DB.  Question:Is that default behavior of JSF data-table to trim space if the value contains any consecutive sapce?  Here is DataTable Code to display Product Name:  <a:dataTable id="productDatatable" var="product" cellpadding="0" value="#{LookupMBean.productBySubstanceList}" style="width:100%;float:left"                             frame="box" rules="none" border="0"  columnClasses="wid0pc,wid0pc,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"                             rendered="#{!empty LookupMBean.productBySubstanceList}"> <a:column>     <f:facet name="header">         <a:sortCommandLink beanName="LookupMBean" property="PRODUCT_NAME" value="#{bundle.admin_productName_label_product}" />     </f:facet>     <a:outputText id="pid" value="#{product.productName}" styleClass="wrapText"/> </a:column>       <a:dataTable>

I have long recognized that any set of whitespace in an HTML file will only be displayed as a single space.  For instance, this:
Hello.        Hello. Hello. Hello.                       Hello.
   displays as:  Hello.        Hello. Hello. Hello.                       Hello.  This is perfectly fine, as if you need multiple spaces of pre-formatted text you can just use the
 tag.  But what is the reason?  More precisely, why is this in the specification for HTML?


I was wondering if it is possible to find the exact location of the carret inside a textarea in pixels in relation to the entire page. For instance, if I have typed This is text into my text box, I would like to know the pixes from the top left of the screen to the carot.  It would be in the form X: 200 Y: 100. This is so I can position a floating div. This needs to be done dynamically in javascript.  Thanks guys

I am using jQuery and trying to find a cross browser way to get the pixel coordinates of the caret in <textarea>s and input boxes such that I can place an absolutely positioned div around this location.  Is there some jQuery plugin? Or JavaScript snippet to do just that?


EDIT: I appreciate that my question may have been answered previously, though I'm not sure that it was answered in the linked post. Regardless, what I'm trying to say is that I'm so new to this that even if the answer is there, I don't quite understand how to apply it to my situation. If anyone can help make it a little more explicit, I'd appreciate it.   I've got literally less than 24 hours of Python experience, so I hope you'll overlook my inability to apply advice from other threads to my own question.  I'm using BeautifulSoup to pull down a table, but I'm getting weird results. I'm inputting the following:   # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #Fetch table  import sys import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  r = requests.get('http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/list-power-reactor-units.html')  html_soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text)  table = html_soup.find('table') for row in table.find_all('tr')[1:]:     col = row.find_all('td')     print col[0].find('a').get('href') # link     print col[0].find('a').contents[0] # name     print col[1].string     print col[2].string     print col[3].string     print col[4].string   I'm almost certain I've watched someone else use the exact same code without a problem, but I'm getting crap. When I run it from the command prompt, it prints the majority of the table data correctly until it reaches an en dash about two-thirds of the way through, at which point it gives me this:  Traceback (most recent call last):   File "C:\Python27\test\scrape.py", line 18, in <module>     print col[3].string   File "C:\Python27\lib\encodings\cp437.py", line 12, in encode     return codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map) UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters in position 31-32: character maps to <undefined>   I thought I could just run from IDLE to avoid the character limitations in the command prompt, but I just get a different error. There, it only grabs the first link, and then it spits out this:  Traceback (most recent call last):   File "C:\Python27\test\scrape.py", line 15, in <module>     print col[0].find('a').contents[0] # name   File "C:\Python27\lib\idlelib\PyShell.py", line 1344, in write     s = unicode.__getslice__(s, None, None) TypeError: an integer is required   I've also tried using BS4 to replace the en dashes with hyphens before spitting them out, but I can't even get that replacement to work in a totally stripped-down command. When I use:  # -*- coding: cp1252 -*- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  soup = BeautifulSoup("–") soup.find(text="–").replaceWith("--") print soup   I get this:  Traceback (most recent call last):   File "C:\Python27\test\replace.py", line 5, in <module>     soup.find(text="–").replaceWith("--")   File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\bs4\element.py", line 1159, in find     l = self.find_all(name, attrs, recursive, text, 1, **kwargs)   File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\bs4\element.py", line 1180, in find_all     return self._find_all(name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs)   File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\bs4\element.py", line 484, in _find_all     strainer = SoupStrainer(name, attrs, text, **kwargs)   File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\bs4\element.py", line 1446, in __init__     self.text = self._normalize_search_value(text)   File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\bs4\element.py", line 1457, in _normalize_search_value     return value.decode("utf8")   File "C:\Python27\lib\encodings\utf_8.py", line 16, in decode     return codecs.utf_8_decode(input, errors, True) UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0x96 in position 0: invalid start byte   That error at least comes back the same from both the command line and IDLE, but I'm not really sure whether that's better or worse.  I've been screwing around with this for a few hours, and although I've found several threads where people are talking about UnicodeEncode/DecodeErrors, I don't really have a strong enough grasp of the language yet to figure out how to apply those answers to this.  Thanks for the help.

When I try to print a Unicode string in a Windows console, I get an error . UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character .... I assume this is because the Windows console does not accept Unicode-only characters. What's the best way around this? Is there any way I can make Python automatically print a ? instead of failing in this situation? Edit:  I'm using Python 2.5.  Note: @LasseV.Karlsen answer with the checkmark is sort of outdated (from 2008). Please use the solutions/answers/suggestions below with care!!  is more relevant as of today (6 Jan 2016).


So, I have been assigned an assignment where I had to solve a Vigenere cipher.  Following along with  I managed to get all the way to the chi-squared step. But, that is the problem. Upon trying to code this, I found my results to be unfavorable. In fact, all of my results for the chi-squared probability test for each string were exactly the same. So, obviously I did it wrong.  I tried to use the formula on  to calculate this for each character, and for each string, I added them all together. Doing this leads to them all being the same total number for each string, which makes sense. But, if that is the case, how exactly do I use it to solve the cipher?  What I did:   Found the key length with I.O.C. (say it's 7) Create a string of all the 7th characters and the 1st Write a method to calculate chi squared value Calculate this for each character in each string from A-Z For each string, add up the probability of all the letters(PROBLEM)   What exactly am I supposed to do here? All of my "chi-squared" results are the same.  P.S. I found the keyword using a codebreaking website to clarify that my other information was right, but I would really like how do solve this last step.

I am writing a program which will use Chi-Square to determine which is the correct keyword for a ciphertext via Vigenère cipher. I came across a website that describes the Chi-Square statistics in a rather simplistic manner and had also written some code to achieve my goals. However, the actual keyword does not seem to be the lowest chi-square value as according to the website. I'm not sure if the method as describe is correct or not.   Chi-squared Statistic The Chi-squared Statistic is a measure of how similar two categorical probability distributions are. If the two distributions are identical, the chi-squared statistic is 0, if the distributions are very different, some higher number will result. The formula for the chi-squared statistic is:  where CA is the count (not the probability) of letter A, and EA is the expected count of letter A. This page will describe the use of the chi-squared statistic for cryptanalysis. Ordinarily, statisticians use the chi-squared statistic for measuring the goodness of fit of data. Unlike statisticians, we make no assumptions about the distribution of our data, and draw no conclusions about the significance of the result. We simply use the method to suggest a possible decryption. …  Would someone be able to provide some advice on this?


I wanted to add blog before the post slug in the URL.  The URL for the post type page was:     http://example.com/blog/post-one   So basically to add blog before the posts url in Settings >> permalink I have selected Custom structure and the value  /blog/%postname%/  As I have entered the base in permalink structure it adds blog base to custom post type URLs as well.  There are too many custom post types. it shows this base before all urls.   Custom post type url:   http://example.com/blog/news/post-name  while it should be  http://example.com/news/post_name  custom post type url should be  without the base i added in custom permalink for default post type.  What's the solution of it.?  How can i  fix it?

I have several custom post types, which are properly structured as /%post_type%/%postname%/, however I wish to have the same effect for regular blog entries: /blog/%postname%/  If I prepend the permalink structure with /blog/ it affects the custom post types as well, so currently my permalink structure is simply /%postname%/  Which is the recommended way of doing this? I had a solution involving some rewrites, but the permalink shown in the post editor area does not reflect it.


I am writing a memoir with a lot of chapters using the memoir class.  When generating the pdf, everything works perfectly fine except for the outline of the document.  In the following example:  \documentclass{memoir}  \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{blindtext} \usepackage{hyperref}  \begin{document}  \frontmatter  \tableofcontents   \mainmatter  \chapter{Introduction}  \blindtext  \part{First part}  \chapter{At first}  \Blindtext  \chapter{Then}  \Blindtext  \part{Second part}  \chapter{Second first}  \Blindtext  \chapter{Then again}  \blindtext  \chapter{General conclusion}  \appendix  \part*{Appendix} \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{Appendix}  \chapter{First appendix}  \Blindtext  \chapter{Another important appendix}  \backmatter   \chapter{Bibliographie}  \blindtext  \chapter{Glossary}  \blinditemize   \end{document}   (bibliography and glossary are of course managed with adequate packages)  I get the following outline:   Table of contents Introduction First part   At first Then  Second part    Second first Then again General conclusion  Appendix   First appendix Another important appendix Bibliography Glossary    While I'd like to have:   Table of contents Introduction First part   At first Then  Second part    Second first Then again  General conclusion Appendix   First appendix Another important appendix  Bibliography Glossary

I want all bookmarks after "Anhang" (appendix) to be a level deeper, but I need them to be \chapter{} for the right numbering.  I write a scrbook document and that's what I got:    Is it possible to change the depth of the chapter to act like a section in the bookmarks?  UPDATE  MWE:  \documentclass[12pt,a4paper,oneside]{scrbook}  \usepackage[ngerman]{babel}     % deutsche Worttrennung \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Ausgabe von Sonderzeichen und Akzenten in PDF verbessert \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}         % Eingabe von Sonderzeichen möglich \usepackage{lipsum}  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}     % subsubsections nummerieren \setcounter{tocdepth}{3}        % subsubsections in TOC  \usepackage[ %     pdfproducer={Texmaker},     %      pdfcreator={pdfLaTeX},      %      hidelinks,          % versteckt die Boxen um die Links in der PDF     bookmarksnumbered,      % nummereiert Lesezeichen     ]{hyperref}         % PDF Metainformationen hinzufügen   \begin{document}  \appendix \pagenumbering{alph}  \thispagestyle{empty}  \vspace*{3em} \begin{center} \begin{Huge} \textbf{\textsf{Anhang}} \pdfbookmark{Anhang}{Anhang} \end{Huge} \end{center}  \chapter{Appendix 1}  \chapter{Appendix 2}  \section{Appendix 2.1}  \section{Appendix 2.2}  \chapter{Appendix 3}  \end{document}


My original sentence was:     ... an array of ...   However I decided I wanted to elaborate on this, as "(traditionally two-dimensional) array".  We usually use parentheses for extra detail not necessary to the sentence, that the reader could safely ignore. With that in mind, for which reader to I optimise 'an'/'a'?     ... a (traditionally two-dimensional) array   or     ... an (traditionally two-dimensional) array   My immediate thought was to 'work around' it - perhaps using 'original' instead of 'traditional', or taking the clause out of parentheses.  However even if I end up doing that for readability, I should be interested in your answers to what I consider to be quite a (interesting) predicament.

When a/an precedes a parenthetical aside (sometimes seen in informal/conversational writing), should the vowel rule depend on the first word in parentheses, or the next word in the "regular" flow of the sentence?     I need a (memorable) idiom (preceding an m word; use a)   or     I need an (memorable) idiom (preceding an i word; use an)


Suppose that a vector space $\textsf V$ has some subspaces $\textsf{W}_1,\textsf{W}_2,\dots,\textsf{W}_n$ such that $$\sum_{i=1}^n \dim(\textsf{W}_i) > (n-1)\dim(\textsf{V})$$ then $\displaystyle \bigcap_{i=1}^n \textsf{W}_i$ is non-empty.  I have no idea how to start this question, any hint on this? Thank you.

Let $E$ be an $n$-dimensional vector space and $F_1,\ldots, F_k$ be linear subspaces of $E$ such that $$\sum_{i=1}^k \dim F_i > n(k-1)$$ Prove $\displaystyle \cap_{i=1}^k F_i \neq \{0\}$.  I find this problem quite puzzling. The condition $\sum_{i=1}^k \dim F_i > n(k-1)$ says that $\sum_{i=1}^k \dim F_i$ is close to its best upper bound so the $F_i$ have relatively big dimensions. I haven't made any progress on this one. I feel there's some trick involved.


I use conditional loading and media queries, JS, and CSS techniques for building responsive/adaptive designed websites.  The HTML output for these sites depends on the number of horizontal and vertical pixels of the users's browser window.   What resolution does Google use while indexing sites, which impacts the HTML output that's returned?

Imagine a I have two types of images (A and AAA(heavier)) for the same website: depending on the size of the screen it will show one image or other.   Now I'm wondering what images (A or AAA) loads the Google crawler when it visits my site.   In other words: has the Google crawlers any "screen size"?  I suppose, in case the it loads the A images, the page-speed puntuation will be better than if it loads the images AAA.


I am making a 2D game in C++ with OpenGL where a maze is generated and you have to move the character through the maze and get it to the end. I have achieved all this, but now I want to make it more challenging by having everything pitch-black but a small light around the character. How can I achieve this? I don't want the light to be complicated and I don't want it to only go through the tunnels. I just want a simple light around the character to illuminate that area of the maze.

So, I'm working with OpenGL (I'm not exactly sure of the version), and I want to do an old-style lighting setup by essentially drawing a black rectangle over the screen, and drawing white circles over the areas that should be lit. I already have the rectangle and the circles, but I can't figure out how to make it so that the white circles are transparent when applied to the black areas. Any ideas? I tried to use blending modes, but it still evades me...  EDIT: Here's the code that I'm using (Python).  view_buf = Buffer(GL_INT, 4) glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, view_buf) view = view_buf.to_list() if hasattr(view_buf, "to_list") else view_buf.list  glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)  glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)  glEnable(GL_BLEND)  if logic.lights['smooth']:     glEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH)  # # Make sure we're using smooth shading instead of flat # glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)  # Setup the matrices  glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glPushMatrix() glLoadIdentity() gluOrtho2D(0, view[2], 0, view[3]) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glPushMatrix() glLoadIdentity()  #glAlphaFunc(GL_GREATER, 0.5)  glColor4f(0.0, 0, 0, 0.75)  glBegin(GL_QUADS);                              # Draw Black screen glVertex2d(0.0, 0.0); glVertex2d(view[2], 0.0); glVertex2d(view[2], view[3]); glVertex2d(0.0, view[3]); glEnd()  glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1)  degtorad = 3.14159/180.0   glBlendFunc(GL_ZERO, GL_SRC_ALPHA)  def DrawCircle(x, y, radius, fill = 1, step = 11):      glVertex2f(x, y)      if fill:         glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN)     else:         glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP)      for a in range(0, 360, step):         angle = degtorad * a         glVertex2f(x + (sin(angle) * radius), y + (cos(angle) * radius))      glEnd()   #for layer in range(len(logic.lights['layers'])): #   size =  for light in logic.lights['points']:     DrawCircle(light[0][0] * view[2], (1 - light[0][1]) * view[3], light[1], step = light[2])     if logic.lights['smooth']:         DrawCircle(light[0][0] * view[2], (1 - light[0][1]) * view[3], light[1], 0, light[2])  # Reset the state glPopMatrix() glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glPopMatrix()


I have the following LaTeX code:  \documentclass[a4paper,          12pt,                                        bibliography=totoc,              index=totoc,             abstracton,              headsepline,             ]{scrreprt} \usepackage{latexsym}            \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}    \usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}     \usepackage [round,authoryear] {natbib}  \usepackage[bookmarksopen,hyperfootnotes=false,pdftitle=test, pdfauthor=test,pdfsubject=test]{hyperref}   \begin{document}         Here comes a cite to literature\footnote{\citep[p. 53]{LathamWatkins:2011}.}.            \bibliographystyle{autorjahrdidiDE}   \bibliography{Bibref}  \end{document}                                             In my Bibre.bib I have the following entry:     @Misc{LathamWatkins:2011,       author =       {Latham\&Watkins},       title =        "Regulatory Capital Reform under Basel 3",      note = "available: \nolinkurl{http://www.garp.org/media/583507/regulatorycapitalreformbaseliii_nicolaides032311.pdf} (access on 05.03.2013, creation 24.03.2011)",       year = "2011",     }    This creates a cite entry at the bottom of the page like this:  ^1(Latham&Watkins, 2011, p. 53)  See the screenshot I add:    I do not want to have the brackets! What do I have to change, that the brackets () disappear?  EDIT (regarding the first answer): \cite does not change anything, \citet looks like the following:    But is it possible to have no brackets at all? This would be quite important to me, since I am setting an important document and I would prefer to have no brackets at all.

I am using WinEdt with MikTeX 2.9 in a Windows 7 environment.  I am having issues being able to get text in parentheses working correctly with a citation, specifically that when the document prints to PDF I get extraneous parentheses that should be removed by the natbib command I am using.  I wish to have the following text:  (cited in Axelrod 1997)   But I keep getting:  (cited in Axelrod (1997))   I have tried using two methods to remove the extraneous pair of brackets. First I tried:  \citep[cited in]{Axelrod2}   and then I tried:  \citetext{cited in \citealp{Axelrod2}}   but both give me the same result: two sets of parentheses.  Could someone please advise me where I am going wrong? I have the natbib reference document, and I was copying from the examples in there.  I am using a document template created for my university and I have the following packages and options being loaded:  \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath,amsthm} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage[a4paper,layout=a4paper,         bindingoffset=4cm,left=0cm,right=2cm,         head=2.5cm, bmargin=2cm]{geometry} \usepackage{microtype} \usepackage{verbatim} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{url} \usepackage[round]{natbib}  \usepackage{listings} \usepackage{booktabs}  \usepackage{multirow} \RequirePackage[l2tabu, orthodox]{nag} \usepackage{cleveref}


I came across this proof of the countability of $\mathbb{Q}$ in a textbook:      Each rational can be expressed as a fraction $a/b$, where $a$ and $b$ are integers. We know that the set $\{(a,b) : a,b\in\mathbb{Z}\}$ is countable, thus $\mathbb{Q}$ is countable.    My question is this: Clearly each rational can be uniquely expressed in lowest terms as a fraction $a/b$. However, each fraction can be expressed in a multitude of different ways that are in the set $S=\{(a,b) : a,b\in\mathbb{Z}\}$, specifically $(na)/(nb)$, where $n\in\mathbb{Z}$. Thus we only know from this that $|\mathbb{Q}|\leq|S|$, and not that $|\mathbb{Q}|=|S|$. Because of this, does this mean that we are assuming CH?   *As a side note: I'm not questioning whether or not the rationals are countable, I'm completely sure that they are. I am just asking if this proof is assuming CH or not.   Thank you all in advance for the help.

I remember my professor in college challenging me with this question, which I failed to answer satisfactorily: I know there exists a bijection between the rational numbers and the natural numbers, but can anyone produce an explicit formula for such a bijection?


I can't find SMD diode part no from Marking code,pls suggest if possible.

How do I identify the markings on an SMT component and match it up with a part number so I can be a good designer and actually look at a datasheet (and read the whole thing)? Or identify a part to replace an unknown part on a PCB?


How to install Canon lasershot LBP 2900b printer in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64 bits.

How do I install the driver for Canon LBP 2900 printer in Ubuntu 14.04?  I have tried installing drivers from the official CANON support and checked other answers on Ask Ubuntu but so far no results.