I have a problem with my paths in tikz, as I try to show in the picture :   By using my path as -| or |- I can obtain the two green paths, but I would like to have the red one, and neither |-| or || are defined.  Here is my code    \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz}  \tikzstyle{block4} = [rectangle, draw, fill=cyan!8, text width=6cm, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em] \tikzstyle{through} = [rectangle, fill=white, text width=6cm, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em] \tikzstyle{block5} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!8, text width=6.5cm, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em] \tikzstyle{block6} = [rectangle, draw, fill=green!8, text width=6cm, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em] \tikzstyle{block7} = [rectangle, draw, fill=blue!8, text width=6cm, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em]  \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 2cm, auto] \centering % Place nodes \node [block4] (Foyer)          {\emph{table foyer.foyer} \\         \begin{itemize}         \item sous-table par département         \item suppression doublons         \end{itemize}         };  \node [block4, right of=Foyer, node distance=7cm] (Pote)          {\emph{table pote.dep} \\         \begin{itemize}         \item  choix anrev correct         \item  doublons dirindic         \end{itemize}         };   \path (Foyer) -- (Pote) node[through, pos=.5,below=1cm] (Merge1)          {\textbf{Fusion par dirindik}         };   \node [block5, right of=Merge1, node distance=14cm] (Indrev)          {\emph{table foyer.indrev}         \\ \begin{itemize}         \item détermine, via MDS, âge, persfipd             \begin{itemize}             \item dirindik(N-1)                 \begin{itemize}                 \item valeur                 \item "inconnu anprec"                 \end{itemize}             \item persfip(N-1)             \end{itemize}         \end{itemize}};   \node [block4, below of=Merge1, node distance=1.5cm] (FoyerPote)          {\emph{table Travail.FoyerPoteDEP} \\         \begin{itemize}         \item  on empile chaque département         \end{itemize}          \emph{table Travail.FoyerPoteFR}         };  \node [block7, below of=FoyerPote, node distance=2.5cm] (IRFoyer)          {\emph{table Travail.FoyerPote nationale} \\         \begin{itemize}         \item  On récupère les variables idoines             \begin{itemize}             \item les MDS année précédente             \item l'impôt             \item les var pour REVDISP(N)             \end{itemize}         \end{itemize}          };   \path (Merge1) -- (Indrev) node[through, pos=.5,below=6cm] (Merge2)          {\textbf{Fusion par dirindik}         };  \node [block6, below of=Merge2, node distance=1.5cm] (IndivPote)          {\emph{table Travail.FoyerPote par dep} \\         \begin{itemize}         \item  on empile         \end{itemize}          \emph{table Travail.FoyerPote nationale}         };           % Draw edges \path [line] (Foyer)  -|  (FoyerPote); \path [line] (Pote) -| (FoyerPote); \path [line] (FoyerPote) -- (IRFoyer); \path [line] (IRFoyer) -| (IndivPote); \path [line] (Indrev) -| (IndivPote);  \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}

It is easy to produce a path between two nodes consisting of a single horizontal and a single vertical line (from the manual):  \begin{tikzpicture}   \draw (0,0) node(a) [draw] {A}  (1,1) node(b) [draw] {B};   \draw (a.north) |- (b.west);   \draw[color=red] (a.east) -| (2,1.5) -| (b.north); \end{tikzpicture}   However, what if I wanted the same short syntax to produce a path between (a) and (b) using a horizontal line, a vertical line, and a second horizontal line. It isn't to difficult to calculate the intermediate points, but how could the following syntax be defined?  \begin{tikzpicture}   \draw (0,0) node(a) [draw] {A}  (3,1) node(b) [draw] {B};   \draw (a.east) -|- (b.west); \end{tikzpicture}


Prove if $k$ is any positive integer, the decimal expansion of $\frac{1}{k}$ eventually gets into a repeating cycle.   I'm stuck here , i've thought about applying the pigeonhole principle and induction here but to no avail...  My answer is asking for a proof through pigeonhole principle or induction.. the one linked does not show those..  Please don't close this.

I am trying to figure out how to prove that all rational numbers are either terminating decimal or repeating decimal numerals, but I am having a great difficulty in doing so. Any help will be greatly appreciated.


Why it is highly recommended to use a nonce once and only once in SSL/TLS? Same question with key streams in stream ciphers? What sort of attack(s) could take place if ever a nonce/key stream is used more than once? During the SSL/TLS handshake, is the client nonce/server nonce session related or connection related ?

My question maybe will be stupid, but my problem is that I do not understand why stream ciphers need a key and also a nonce. As far as I understand, the keystream is generated with the nonce. The same key can be reused with a different nonce.  Wouldn't be simpler just to use a new key each time? If I understand good, to decrypt the message the recipient needs the nonce. Is communicating the nonce simpler than communicating the key?


The achievement icon works when there is no new reputation. But when new reputation comes it does not work.    App Version: 1.6.2.5 Device: iPhone 5s (Global) OS Version: Version 10.2 (Build 14C92)

The navbar button for the rep/activity log can't be tapped when displaying a rating change (+5).     Persists between app runs.    App Version: 1.6.2.5 Device: iPhone 5 (Global) OS Version: Version 10.2 (Build 14C92)


Why should I use an external resonator with an  microcontroller if it has one built in?  I'm specifically referring to many of the 8 MHz Arduino boards. A lot, if not most, have an external ceramic resonator, but the chip has a built-in one so what's the benefit of using an external one?

I always use the internal oscillator that pics have as I have never found the need to run anything at higher frequency than 8 MHz (which is the fastest the pics I use tend to be able to go). Are there any reasons, beyond going above 8 MHz, that mean I should use an external oscillator? It just seems like one more thing to go wrong to me but I'd be interested to hear what others do.


I have multiple files to rename  Eg:      ERJP00300029 3.13.jpg      SRKP00100002 12.04.jpg      ERJP01500001 ERJP12 10.5.jpg   I want to rename above file as  Eg:     ERJP00300029.jpg     SRKP00100002.jpg     ERJP01500001.jpg   How to keep first part name alone.  I used below code but I can't get my exact solution. Where I am mistake.  @ECHO ON  SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION SET SourceDir=F:\Ezhilarasan\Exibt\need_upload\ERHP\check FOR /G "TOKENS=1-3 DELIMS=. " %%G IN ('DIR /B /A-D "%SourceDir%\*.jpg"') DO (     SET "part1=%%~F"      SET "part2=%%~G"      SET "part3=%%~H"     REN "!part1! \%SourceDir%!part2!.!part3!" "!part1!.!part3!" ) GOTO EOF

I've got a bunch of files named with a the pattern 99 - DescriptiveName.txt and I'd like to remove the number from the front so I just have DescriptiveName.txt.  How can I do this? Can I do it from the command line or is there a utility that can do this?


How can I prove that $4^n+n^4$ is always a composite number? For all $n>1$ and $n$ is an integer.

My coach said that for all positive integers $n$, $n^4+4^n$ is never a prime number.  So we memorized this for future use in math competition.  But I don't understand why is it?


I'm running texlive 2017 on Mac OSX Sierra.  Could anyone tell me how to install a font? It was bought commercially some time ago, and is not available on the CTAN server so can't be installed using getnonfreefonts. I have .tfm, .pfb, .enc files and a .map file.

Frequently there are questions about, how to manually install a font, what very often means “Type1 font”. So I thought, we should write a general answer about the several aspects to regard.  Beside the usual approach for  it seems, that for fonts further steps are necessary. What are these steps? Or better:  How to manually install fonts and their associated support files in TeX distributions?


The indefinite article of English takes the two forms a and an. Semantically, they can be regarded as meaning "one", usually without emphasis. They can be used only with singular countable nouns; for the possible use of some (or any) as an equivalent with plural and uncountable nouns, see Use of some below.   It says if a noun comes with an indefinite article, the noun is singular and countable.  Then there are phrases such as 'a lot of', 'a number of', and 'once upon a time'. Are 'lot', 'number', 'time' above countable nouns as well? I have never heard of people saying 'two numbers of people' or 'once upon three times', which makes me doubt that they are actually countable.

"Mornings came and cast a blinding sunlight over everything, and he felt like nothing worthwhile could be accomplished."  For some reason, I feel like "a blinding light" is ok, but if its sunlight, then I should drop the "a" and write "cast blinding sunlight", but I'm not sure why I feel this way.   Can anyone offer some enlightenment?  edit - alternate phrasing, closer to being a literal translation: "Mornings came without warning, flooding the day with a strong sun, and he felt like nothing worthwhile could be accomplished."   I would still like an answer to the technical question of whether I should drop the "a", but would also appreciate knowing if anyone thinks option #2 is a better choice.


I have created custom button called "New Employee" on employee object and it is related with both account and contact objects via lookup relation. If i click on "New Employee" button on employee related list under Account detail page, working fine in both salesforce classic and lightning experience but not in partner portal.  /a03/e?CF00N342300009cAB8={!Account.Name}&CF00N342300009cAB8_lkid={!Account.Id}&CF00N90000009cUVB={!Contact.Name}&CF00N90000009cUVB_lkid={!Contact.Id}&retURL={!Account.Id}   Any help on this.


My new laptop is two months old, the first day I got this laptop I noticed this but I assumed it was a bug in Windows 8. However I still have this issue today after reformatting and installing all updates.  The problem is that the disk shows 99% usage from an application...  In this case Dropbox, but the usage is never over 2 MB/s; in this case it is 0.8 MB/s.  What can I do about this?

I have a similar issue as . You can pretty much take his screen shot and apply it to my issue: Windows 8.1, 99% disk usage or in that vicinity for a longer period of time (minutes). Yet the individual disk usage stats don't add up to more than roughly 1MB/Sec. I have an SSD disk capable of much higher throughput.  The question I linked to doesn't provide much answer, but one comment hints to low free disk space. That is an issue with my disk. I have only ~1GB left of free space on my C drive. But my follow-up question is why would that matter? Windows does pre-allocate 6GB of virtual drive, doesn't it? At least that's how I interpret "currently allocated" in the Virtual Memory settings screen under System Properties → Performance options.  I've tried to use the  to gain some information on what's using the disk, but the amount of data logged in just a couple of seconds is so vast that I don't know where to start. The only thing I see is that service.exe accesses the registry a lot... But I guess that's normal? If anyone care to take a look, the log dump is  (19MB)  To summarize:   Does the disk usage really go up when free space declines? If so, why? Can anyone deduct from my Procmon log file what program or process causes 99% disk usage?   edit: To comment on the "malware"-answer in the other post: I'd like to know, not guess. I doubt it is malware in my case, but if it is, my logs should show that.  update: Similar case just happened. Any clues from these two ResMon screenshots?      "System" doesn't really tell me much.


I submitted a request for merging two accounts of mine yesterday:   merge delete   merge keep  The first one has a myopenid login credential, the second has a gmail login credential.  Is this delay normal, and I should wait more, or maybe, how can I know if there is a problem?  Thanks in advance.

I accidentally posted a question without being logged in. Is there a way to associate that question with my account?   For more information, visit "" in the .   a.k.a. How can you link a registered account to a cookie-based account? a.k.a. How do I merge an unregistered account with a registered account a.k.a. Merging users a.k.a. How do I associate anonymous questions I’ve asked with my registered account? a.k.a. Is there a way to claim an unregistered user? (in case anyone searches with those terms)


My goal  I want to create a radial array of columns like in this screenshot:    Tutorial that I am following   video on YouTube.  My steps   I've create a single column object:      I've create a plain axis:      Added «Array» modifier to the column:      Set «Relative Offset» to (0, 0, 0):      But when I set «Object Offset» around the plain axis, I get this:     What I do wrong? I can not understand what I missed.

We know that the there is an Object Offset option for Array modifier, but when trying to make a circular array with that offset object as the center of the array circle, it always doesn't behave quite like what's expected. So how to make a nice and controllable circular array?  P.S.: There is an old  about moving the object's origin. I wonder if there is any way to do this without changing the location of the origin. :)


How do you expand the series:  The sum, starting at j=1 and ending at 6 when the value next to the summation symbol on the right is 4?  Are all of the terms of the series 4?

Suppose I have $$ \large\sum_{i=1}^{10} 2. $$ Do I just add $2$ to itself $10$ times? I have worked on more complex ones with $n$ and such in the place where the $2$ is, but I have never done it when there is just a number there.


I am confused about the next badge. Here is mine        We can see the rule of next badge  . It said that "Progress to next badge" bar automatically selects the badge you're closest to earning (or that's most logical to go for next). Now my next badge is "Critic" and maybe it is most logical to go for next. Why not "Benefactor", "Citizen Patrol" or "Cleanup"? They seems to be most logical to go for next too.

According to , the     "Progress to next badge" bar automatically selects the badge you're closest to earning (or that's most logical to go for next)   While "the badge you're closest to earning" is pretty easy to determine: it's the bar with the most progress, I'm wondering what "most logical to go for next" means. Because right now on Meta Stack Exchange, I can track two badges: Illuminator and Legendary. My progress for Illuminator is 66.40% and for Legendary it's 66.67%, yet Illuminator is shown as the recommended next badge:    On some child metas where I barely have any activity, Student is shown as recommended next badge with a progress of 0/1, but I do have cast some votes so I have a small progress towards e.g. Civic Duty. So obviously there is some other logic at work, but what?


The code I have written currently is: \begin{equation} \label{eqn:fullwavefunction}     \psi\textbf{(r}) =\psi_s(\textbf{r}) + \phi(\textbf{r}) =\underbrace{e^{ikz}}_\text{incident wave} +  \underbrace{f(\theta,\phi)\frac{e^{ikr}}{r}}_\text{scattered wave} \qquad r\gg a \end{equation}  This corresponds to a TEx output of:  However I would like to alter it so that the brackets underneath my two terms are aligned with one another and the same for the texts 'incident wave' and 'scattered wave'. Any help would be great

I am trying to balance underbraces in the equation below, how can I ensure that both underbraces at the same depth?  \begin{equation} y = \underbrace{ \left [ x^2 + r^2 (a^2+\frac{a^{0.3}}{b}) \right]}_\text{growth rate} \times  \underbrace{ C_0}_\text{initial} \end{equation}


I want to know the nth term of tibonacci series, given by the recurrence relation $$ a_{n + 3} = a_{n + 2} + a_{n + 1} + a_n $$ with $a_1 = 1, a_2 = 2, a_3 = 4$, so the first few terms are $$ 1,2,4,7,13,24,44, \ldots $$ I am more interested in derivation of how the nth term is calculated rather than direct comming up with black box formula.

I know the sequence called the Fibonacci sequence; it's defined like:  $\begin{align*} F_0&=0\\ F_1&=1\\ F_2&=F_0+F_1\\ &\vdots\\ Fn&=F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}\end{align*}$  And we know that there's Binet formula for computing $n$-th element in the sequence.  However, I'm trying to find something totally different.  We know that $K=2$ for the Fibonacci sequence; let's call $K$ the number of previous elements to get the $n$-th element. For example,  $\begin{align*} K=2&\Rightarrow F_n= F_{n-1} + F_{n-2},\\ K=3&\Rightarrow F_n= F_{n-1} + F_{n-2} + F_{n-3},\\ \end{align*}$  and so on.  How to compute the $n$-th element for given $K$? I couldn't find any formula for $K > 2$.  Thanks for any help.


She was holding a green beans bag and accidentally dropped it.  The beans were all over the floor.  My son saw it and told me,     "She spilled the green beans."   I always saw this word use for water, milk and soup.  Could it be use for green bean?

I instruct my daughter when she's drinking milk     Take care; don't spill it.   How do we do the same for food i.e. solid food?     Take care; don't _______ it.   To my mind comes the only option - drop. But I also feel that 'dropping' suits more when the bowl is broken. Say - She dropped the bowl and broke it.   The problem further grows when we have 'specific' food  For french fries...     Take care; don't _____ the fries   For steak...     Take care; don't _____ the steak   For popcorn...     Take care; don't _____ popcorn   For burger...     Take care; don't _____ burger (I mean some pieces or inner content of it...maybe, some onion or sauce or anything that is 'inside' it).   Do we have different words for different 'shapes' of food? Say little pieces (popcorn), steak (one large piece), fries (long pieces)...and so on?  I'd like to have more options, if any.   spill is also used for solid food. For instance, spill the beans. But I feel    The beauty is in my mother tongue, we have a common term used for everything!


Since the last five days, a PC with Windows 7 shows the updates screen when booting and when switching off, usually for about 5-10 minutes.  I can understand this when an update occurs, but why does it keeps doing this for at least five continuous days?  What's wrong, this is not my own PC, I'm used to to my beloved XP, so I can't give a proper reply to who is asking me "to do something" :-)  Thanks for your help.

I installed Windows 7 fresh and installed SP1. Now, when I try to check manually for Windows Updates it just hangs on the Checking for updates screen.    I tried running the tools in , but this did not fix the issue either:  No matter what I do it just hangs on the "Checking for updates..." screen and goes no further.


I am trying to figure out how to read a list of Strings in a text file and return the position of the word found. I'm not sure why this isn't working. Can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong? It returns -1 for each word and the words are definitely in there.   public class LinearSearch extends SearchAlgorithm { public int search(String[] words, String wordToFind) throws ItemNotFoundException {     for (int i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {         if (words[i] == wordToFind) {             return i;         }         else {             return -1;         }     }     return -1; }  public final static String FILE_AND_PATH = "longwords.txt"; /*   * TODO: Be sure to change the FILE_AND_PATH to point to your local   * copy of longwords.txt or a FileNotFoundException will result  */    //Note how we deal with Java's Catch-or-Declare rule here by declaring the exceptions we might throw public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {     File file = new File("/Users/myName/Desktop/compsci/HOMEWORK/recursion/longwords.txt");     Scanner input = new Scanner(file);     int wordCount = 0;     ArrayList<String> theWords = new ArrayList<String>();      //read in words, count them     while(input.hasNext())  {         theWords.add( input.next() );         wordCount++;     }      //make a standard array from an ArrayList     String[] wordsToSearch = new String[theWords.size()];     theWords.toArray(wordsToSearch);      //start with the linear searches     tryLinearSearch(wordsToSearch, "DISCIPLINES");     tryLinearSearch(wordsToSearch, "TRANSURANIUM");     tryLinearSearch(wordsToSearch, "HEURISTICALLY");     tryLinearSearch(wordsToSearch, "FOO");

I've been using the == operator in my program to compare all my strings so far. However, I ran into a bug, changed one of them into .equals() instead, and it fixed the bug.  Is == bad? When should it and should it not be used? What's the difference?


I've heard that if there are computers interconnected via LAN (as we have in our college labs), I can chat with other friend of mine, who is probably 2-3 rows ahead of me.   I did some Google on this & came to know that all this could be done via terminal, using commands-- wall, talk, write etc . I tried all , but none worked. So can anyone tell me detailed way of doing so. I doubt that I'm missing the "order" in which the steps are to be followed, or may be some packages to be installed? Please give as much details as possible.   Our college labs are currently running Ubuntu 10.04

As I recall there was something like netsend on windows that allowed simple messages to be sent over the local network. I especially like this because one doesn't need to install extra client soft (hello skype).   Is there something dead simple like this on Linux?  Just to clarify  I'm looking for a bash command or simple CLI script/tool, not a GUI app.


Let's suppose to have a huge planet with an ellipsoidal shape with 2 horizontal axis equal (a=b) and mach greater than the vertical axis. The mass is uniform.    Question: If I was in on the surface of the planet, where would I weight more? on the pole or on the equator?  Is it still possible to use the formula: $G\frac{Mm}{r^2}$ ?  Disregard the rotation of the planet.

Many sources state that the Earth's gravity is stronger at the poles than the equator for two reasons:   The centrifugal "force" cancels out the gravitational force minimally, more so at the equator than at the poles. The poles are closer to the center due to the equatorial bulge, and thus have a stronger gravitational field.   I understood the first point, but not the second one. Shouldn't the gravitational force at the equator be greater as there is more mass pulling the body perpendicular to the tangent (since there is more mass aligned along this axis)?


Is this an upcast or not? If not, please describe why. Thanks in advance.  C++ code:  Base base; Derived derived; base = derived; // is this the upcast?

Someone mentioned it in the IRC as the slicing problem.


I am in tier 2 general visa and I am planning to invite my in-laws from India to the UK in a standard visit visa. My Father in law is a farmer and he doesn't have bank statements to show as income proof or any financial status. We can show some agricultural lands registration documents which are actually not in English.   What kind of documents I can provide for him to prove Genuine intention to visit.

How can I prove the immigrant officers that I have significant ties in my home country?  Are there any documents that I need?


I was modelling for an hour, then this happened. I saved, closed it and came back but the same thing was still there.... help....

When looking at my objects in 3d view I'm seeing a gray cone that seems to be hiding other objects.   Can anyone help me turn this off and explain what it is please.  Screenshots attached.


Show that $\left(2n\right)!\leq \left(n\left(n+1\right)\right)^{n}$. My attempt so far: $\left(2n \right)!=1\cdot2\cdot...\cdot\left(2n-1\right)\cdot2n\leq\left(n\left(n+1\right)\right)^{n}=\left(n^{2}+n\right)^{n}$ This is where I am stuck. I know that his holds for some values of $n$, such as 2, but I am having a hard time proceeding from here. I am not sure if induction would be the best approach or if there would be a more elegant solution. Thanks in advance for any hints.

Prove that for any natural number $n>1$, we have $(2n)!<(n(n+1))^n$    I tried using induction, but I failed in that approach, I rather found it was untrue, but on several case testing, I found it to be true. I am out of ideas here, please help. Thank you.


If we run export -p, then we can find all global variable in the current system. But I think the variable list must be in a certain config file. How to find out it in my CentOS 7 or Ubuntu 16.04?

If I do not edit the .bashrc or other config files, the environment variables that I've setted are gone when I logout, or turn off the terminal.   What I'm curious is, where are those 'temporary' env vars saved in?   As I guess, they might be in the memory. That makes sense because they will disappear when the terminal is turned off(equals the terminal I was using is gone from the memory). Am I correct?


My computer is currently ringing like a telephone. It's like there is a telephone ringing! No programs that should be doing this are open. How can I determine what is causing the ringing?!

I'm experiencing an annoying "female robotic" sound effect saying "loading complete" at uncertain interval in windows 7.  I want to shut down that noise for good. To do that, I have to determine which program is making this sound. I tried to open the "sound mixer" window, only to find to program last made any sound, one is official GTalk client, one is system sound. I tried to close GTalk and the sound still existed.  I started experiencing this issue not long after I installed a "driver" program for Rapoo E9198 wireless keyboard.


So I'm trying to have two smoke domains in one shot. I have a fire on the first layer and the explosion on the second. I add in the Render Layers tab another render layers. I want the second layer to be transparent, so I disable the sky option layer. I set under the layer tab the Scene and Layer the second one, and the first Render Layers is the first layer for both options. But now it's duplicating my settings to the other Render Layers. Anything I can do? Thanks!

I am really confused with the different uses of the terms "Layers" and "Passes" in Blender. Can someone please explain how they work in Blender. I know about Render Passes like AO, Diffuse and so on, but there seems to be a confusion with layers. Also, how do the layer buttons work in the properties panel like in the image shown? I get it that you can assign objects onto certain layers, but whats the difference between "Scene" and "Layer" buttons in the image? How do they refer to rendering? How can you see what layer a certain object is on?


Which is correct (or more commonly-used) Events calendar/activities calendar or event calendar/activity calendar?  Thanks!

Let me ask you a question which I've derived from my programming practice:  Let's assume, I have a number of users represented by their names: John, Pete, Stanislaw, Marc, ...  What words should I use to name such collection of names of users: user names, or users names?  Thanks.    To provide more context, here is similar example for programmers:  JSON of objects: [{"id": 1, ...}, {"id": 2, ...}, {"id": 3, ...}, ...]  How should I name a variable representing a collection of identificators (ids) of given objects:  var objectIds; // or var objectsIds;  var objectIdentificators; // or var objectsIdentificators;   ?


How could you evaluate this integral?  $$\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{\sqrt{\sin x}}{\sqrt{\sin x}\,+\sqrt{\cos x}} \, dx$$  I think the answer is $\pi/4$.

Evaluate the integral $$\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0 \frac{\sin^3x}{\sin^3x+\cos^3x}\, \mathrm dx.$$  How can i evaluate this one? Didn't find any clever substitute and integration by parts doesn't lead anywhere (I think).  Any guidelines please?


I'm looking for a shortest one line shell script to print all special characters in ASCII table (from chr(32) --> chr(127)) Thanks for all your help & support!

How can I list all the printable ASCII characters in the terminal?


Say I am using a random key to construct a stream cipher with, say, AES in CTR mode, which will never be used to encrypt more than one data stream. Is there any advantage, no matter how small, to using a random IV instead of an IV of zero? I repeat, the key will never be used twice.

I want to encrypt a file with AES in CTR mode. I have a 256 bit master key and the file. Given these, the encryption must be deterministic, so I can't use a random nonce in the usual way. Fortunately the master key will be unique¹.  My original plan was to simply set the nonce to 0. Assuming no collision happens when deriving the 128 bit AES key from the master key, this should as secure as conventional CTR, where the nonce is prepended to the message.  An alternative plan is to also derive the nonce from the master-key. This seems to offer two advantages:   It makes key-nonce pair reuse more unlikely, since now they have 256 bits and not just 128 It prevents some kinds of known-plaintext attacks, since the attacker now doesn't know the content of the counter-stream, effectively turning the nonce into some kind of secondary key.   Is there a problem with either scheme? Is the second scheme better than the first?    ¹ assuming the 256 bit hashfunction I use is collision free


On my Mac, I can highlight text, hit a keyboard command, and it reads the selected text aloud. Is there an analogue for Windows 7? I've tried enabling Narrator... but it's overkill; it seems to read everything on the screen!   So, in short, I want to be able to highlight text and have it read back to me in Windows 7.  If Narrator isn't the right tool for this, can anyone recommend a third party alternative (preferably a free one)?

Here's what I want:   Windows Narrator reads ONLY the text that I specifically tell it to read. If I have not told it explicitly to read some text, it should stay silent.  Moreover, after I have told it to read some text, I can click elsewhere, type stuff, generally perform all other tasks, while it obediently continues reading out the text I told it to read.   Right now the problem is that wherever I click, Narrator starts yapping away. I can tell Narrator to read some specific text, but as soon as I try to do anything else, say click some other window, it stops reading what I told it to read, and instead reads what's in that window.  (It would be very surprising if there isn't any way to get the above simple request to work. But then again Microsoft never ceases to amaze.)


It might be useful to encourage existing users of stackoverflow to cross pollinate other stack exchange sites.  While rep-sharing is not useful, as rep is meant to be a measure of expertise in one subject, badges may be one way to encourage participation across many sites.  This was triggered by seeing how few people actually had greater than 1k rep on all three main sites (SO, SF, SU) via Dennis Williamson's  app.  I had tried to do this by hand prior to the API under the assumption that many people would be answering questions on all three sites, but it turns out there are only 33 people, of all the users of stackoverflow, that have a 1k+ reputation on all three sites.  Over time it may be useful to provide badges that appear on all sites one is participating in that are awarded for extraordinary participation in the whole universe of Stack Exchange sites.  For instance, a silver badge might appear on all my profiles if I obtain 1k rep on 5 or more sites, and a gold badge if I have more than 3k rep on 5 or more sites.  I would hesitate extending this much past 5 sites as we don't want to encourage spamming questions and answers on sites where the user has little interest, but across the universe of stackapps I know I'm proficient or expert in at least 10 current sites, and while it's not a big nudge, the idea that I can get extra awards - especially ones that appear on all sites I'm in - would move me to participate a little more on sites that I am registered on, but don't visit regularly.    I expect, eventually as sites are launched, most users of any one site will have some interest or knowledge in at least 5 other sites.  This may provide the extra nudge some sites need to maintain an excellent rating in terms of usage.

In the early days of the Stack Overflow trilogy (including SO, Server Fault, and Super User), I noticed that many of the most active members were good contributors on all three trilogy sites. These days, with 150+ sites in the network, it's more true than ever that many people are active on several different sites.  This has led me to wonder about the possibility of cross-site badges, which would be awarded for a certain level of participation in multiple Stack Exchange sites. For example, there could be a hypothetical badge awarded for visiting each of a particular set of 3 different SE sites every day for a 15 day period. Or one for achieving 200 reputation on 5 or more sites. Or one for having an answer with +10 upvotes on each of 3 or more sites. (I'm not saying that these would be good badge criteria, just trying to provide illustrative examples.) Basically, these badges would reward people who don't limit their activity to just one site, and hopefully would encourage existing contributors who specialize in one site to branch out and look for new Stack Exchange sites to get involved in, thus strengthening the network.  Of course, the obvious problem is, which site(s) would these badges display on? Would they be associated with all the sites they were earned for, or would they display on every site at which that user has a linked account? And I have no idea what sort of problems could arise on the development side - there isn't really any other feature (that I know of) that really integrates different trilogy sites like this, so I can imagine it might be a lot of work to implement such a feature on the backend.  Is the cross-site badge idea something that people would be interested in? If the implementation details can be worked out, can we get this implemented?  Also, for the purpose of giving people on meta something to answer, what would be more good badge criteria? It's easy enough to come up with cross-site badge ideas of the form "[criteria for single-site badge] on [number] sites". What makes this feature really interesting, I think, is the possibility for badges that don't fit that pattern.


Can you help me regarding the Centre of $GL(n,\mathbb{R})$ $?$  It is easy to see that the diagonals are there. what could be the other elements? It may be an useless question but it came to my mind! Any help will be appreciated.

The given question:  Let $k$ be a ﬁeld and $n \in \mathbb{N}$. Show that the centre of $\operatorname{GL}(n, k)$ is $\lbrace\lambda I\mid λ ∈ k^∗\rbrace$.  I have spent a while trying to prove this and have succeeded if $ k \subseteq \mathbb{R}$. So I imagine there is a nicer way to go about this. I have seen people saying take matrices where every element except one is zero in proving similar results but such matrices are not in $\operatorname{GL}(n,k)$ as they are not invertible.  What I have done.  I have said let $B \in$ Center then $B$ commutes with everything in $\operatorname{GL}(n,k)$. So take a permutation matrix, $P$ which swaps rows $i,j$ $P \neq I$. From this you can deduce that $B^T = B$ and that $B_{ii} = B_{jj}$. We can use the fact that $B$ is symmetric to find an orthogonal diagonalisation of $B$ by the spectral theorem.  This gives $QBQ^T = D \rightarrow B=D$. And as $B_{ii} = B_{jj}$ we can say $B = k * I$.   But the spectral theorem requires $B$ to be a real matrix.   How do I prove this for a general $k$?.


I've read , but my question refers to the MCU after Iron Man 2, specifically during and post Avengers: Age of Ultron.  After seeing all of the Vibranium kept by Ulysses Klaw in Avengers: Age of Ultron, why did Tony never think to try and make a Vibranium Iron Man suit? In the same vein of thought, why hasn't he tried to make a suit of the more durable metals that he knows about such as Adamantium?  In short, I'm looking for canon reasons that Tony Stark hasn't at least mentioned/thought about/doodle-designed a "super-metal" suit yet.

In the movie Iron Man 2, Tony Stark figured out how to synthesize Vibranium. Why didn't he use it to make a new Iron Man armor?


I have to ssh twice to two servers, both with usernames and passwords (user1@server1 with password pwd1 and user2@server2 and password pwd2), before reaching my target remote directory. I've read  but I don't know how to combine this with rsync since the syntax I've been using is just rsync -aP user@server1:/src /target. How do I change the syntax taking into account that the two ssh require different passwords?

I have computers A, B and C. Every one of them has ssh enabled and I can use rsync.  A can ssh to B B can ssh to C A can't ssh to C  B has public ssh access, so A can connect B and C can communicate because they are in a vpn and A is not part of it. I would like to copy some files (and create a cronjob for this) from C to A. What is a good way to do this? UPDATE: I was able to ssh to C  via B as it was explained in the related answers that you suggest me but I was not able to rsync through serverB.     Consider that B is listening for ssh not on port 22.


Which is faster when adding variables to an array?   $variable[] = $newValue; array_push($variable,$newValue);   and please mention the difference between the two if any.

What's better to use in PHP for appending an array member,  $array[] = $value;   or  array_push($array, $value);   ?  Though the manual says you're better off to avoid a function call, I've also read $array[] is much slower than array_push(). What are some clarifications or benchmarks?


The problem:  Assume $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ satisfies $|f(t) - f(x)| \leq |t - x|^2$ for all $t, x$. Prove $f$ is constant.  I believe I have some intuition about why this is the case; i.e. if $t$ and $x$ are very close, ($|t - x| = \epsilon$), then $\sqrt{\epsilon}$ will converge to 0, so $|f(t) - f(x)|$ will also converge to zero if you keep taking $t$ and $x$ closer and closer to each other. However, how do I formalize this argument? Thanks.

I want to show that if a function $f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb R$ satisfies a Hölder condition of order $\alpha > 1 $ then it is constant.  The way I think of it is as follows:  $$|f(x) - f(y)| < K|x-y|^\alpha$$  $$\frac{|f(x) - f(y)|} {|x-y]}  < K|x-y|^{\alpha -1}$$  $$\lim_{y\rightarrow x} \frac{|f(x) - f(y)|} {|x-y]} \le \lim_{y\rightarrow x}  K|x-y|^{\alpha -1} =0 $$ As the limit is $0$, we can remove the modulus, so we get:  $$\lim_{y\rightarrow x} \frac{f(x) - f(y)} {x-y} = 0$$ So $f$ is derivable and $f'(x) = 0$ for all $x$ in $[a,b]$. Note that the reason we can add the limit $y\rightarrow x$ is because $[a,b]$ is closed in $\mathbb R$.  However, the question gives as a hint using the mean value theorem. I am not sure why one should do that. You would first have to prove that $f$ is derivable in a similar manner to what I did, and then prove that $f$ is constant. Or is there a simpler way to do it and I am missing it?  Also please inform me of any mistakes I did in the proof (if any)/ Thank you!


public class Main { public static void main(String[]args) {      int[] array = new int[10];      for (int i= 0; i < array.length; i++) {         array[i] = i;      }     System.out.println(array); } }   Why is the output "[I@677327b6"? I am just trying to assign values to an array. I know this is a very basic question, however, I've been struggling to find the answer. Thanks for the help!

In Java, arrays don't override toString(), so if you try to print one directly, you get the className + '@' + the hex of the  of the array, as defined by Object.toString():  int[] intArray = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; System.out.println(intArray);     // prints something like '[I@3343c8b3'   But usually, we'd actually want something more like [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the simplest way of doing that? Here are some example inputs and outputs:  // Array of primitives: int[] intArray = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; //output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]  // Array of object references: String[] strArray = new String[] {"John", "Mary", "Bob"}; //output: [John, Mary, Bob]


Shell script ssh to login multiple servers with passing password from a file   for example: Password file name : password.txt and the password is "test123".  ssh_script:    ssh testuser@testserver   <<< Here I need to get the password from a file >>>   It should read a password from a file and entered into server.

I want to be able to login to a remote via ssh without having to enter the password all the time.   How do I set it up? Is a different command required to execute a password-less session?


I read this in a novel:  'It's - it's true?' faltered Professor McGonagall.  Why it's is it not "Professor McGonagall faltered" (Subject + verb)

The film debuted at No. 2 in both France and Italy, generating the year's third-best box office return on an opening weekend in Italy. Said Roberto Proia, distribution chief of the film's Italian distributor Moviemax, about its surprisingly warm reception, "Almost two years after his death, Ledger has a huge fanbase which, along with the rest of the stellar cast, certainly contributed hugely. [...] We also found out that teenagers massively love Gilliam, and we did not expect this. He really has rock star status." ()   The structure of this sentence strikes me as unusual. Can you say something like     Said John, "I didn't like the movie."   Can "said" appear at the beginning of the sentence like this?


I'm trying to fill the area between the two $z$-scores but I'm not having any luck. Could someone please help me with this?  \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{axis}[   no markers,    domain=0:6,    samples=100,   ymin=0,   axis lines*=left,    every axis y label/.style={at=(current axis.above origin),anchor=south},   every axis x label/.style={at=(current axis.right of origin),anchor=west},   height=5cm,    width=12cm,   xtick=\empty,    ytick=\empty,   enlargelimits=false,    clip=false,    axis on top,   grid = major,   hide y axis   ]  \addplot [very thick,cyan!50!black] {gauss(x, 3, 1)};  \pgfmathsetmacro\valueB{gauss(1,1,7)} \pgfmathsetmacro\valueA{gauss(1,1,1.7)} \pgfmathsetmacro\valueC{gauss(1,1,1)}  \draw [very thick, red]  (axis cs:1,0) -- (axis cs:1,\valueB); \draw [very thick, red]  (axis cs:2,0) -- (axis cs:2,\valueA); \draw [very thick, red]  (axis cs:3,0) -- (axis cs:3,\valueC);  \node[below] at (axis cs:3, 0)  {$\mu$};  \node[below] at (axis cs: 2, 0) {$z=-1.8$}; \node[below] at (axis cs: 1,0) {$z=-2.97$}; \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture}

I want to hatch the area under a curve (graph of a function) with oblique lines on an interval (to illustrate the function's integral on that interval). This can be done elegantly in gnuplot...   ...but I simply cannot reproduce this with pgfplots. The only solution I managed to find with google is the use of the patterns tikz library, however it is unacceptibly ugly:    I'm not aware of any way to alter the color, line width and - especially - the distance between the hatching lines when patterns library is employed. Is there any way to set it? (So that I can change it to resemble the gnuplot version.)  Or, should I choose a completely different approach to reproduce the gnuplot-style hatching...?  Also note that   pgfplots changes the color of the x-axis to red on the interval (which is not a critical problem, of course, but not elegant). the legend for the filling is much more logical in case of gnuplot. Can I reproduce it with pgfplots?   Here is the code I currently use:  \begin{figure}[ht!] \centering \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[xmin=-4,xmax=4,xlabel={z},ymin=0,ymax=1]      \addplot[color=red,domain=-4:4,samples=100] {1/sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-x^2/2)};     \addlegendentry{z}     \addplot[color=red,fill=red, pattern=north east lines,  domain=0:1,samples=100] {1/sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-x^2/2)} \closedcycle;     \addlegendentry{Interval}     \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture} \end{figure}


I want to add a 100 amp sub-panel from a 200 amp main in an attached garage. It will be about 100 feet from sub to main. What gauge wire should I use? The sub panel is to hook up a 7.5 horse air compressor and a welder.

I am adding an attached garage to my house.  I'm going to be putting in a 100 Amp subpanel which is about 60 feet away and run through the basement joists.    What gauge wire do you recommend for either aluminum and copper?  Also, do you recommend one or the other?


I'm talking about topics such as model theory, proof theory, predicate calculus, Godel's incompleteness, ordinal numbers, large cardinals, etc. How much of these do I need to know if I want to specialize in some other areas of mathematics such as algebra and topology?

I know enough amount of set theory and logic to study grad-level math. However, I don't know more advanced set theory and logic, such as the ones on Kunen's or Shoenfield's texts. Although it's good to learn such advanced topics, I may not have enough time to do so, since I will probably put my emphasis on algebra, analysis or geometry as well as mathematical physics.   Although how much set theory and logic I should learn is totally up to what sort of analysis, algebra or geometry I will study, I want to know how much of them typical competitive algebraists/analysts/geometers know. If you are one of them, how much do you know?


Background we are building an SF's custom app and cannot assume if is enabled or not (depends on the customer). What I want to do I want to get the organization's default currency (no matter what Multiple Currency Settings is). What I have tried A. User.CurrencyIsoCode Problem: This code is not deployable in an org whose Multiple Currency Settings is NOT enabled. User u = [select Id, CurrencyIsoCode from User][0]; System.debug(u.CurrencyIsoCode);  B. CurrencyType Problem: same as above CurrencyType c = [SELECT ISOCode, ConversionRate FROM CurrencyType WHERE IsActive=TRUE and IsCorporate=TRUE]; System.debug(c.IsoCode);  C. ConnectApi Problem: This code returns null in an org whose Multiple Currency Settings is enabled. ConnectApi.OrganizationSettings settings=ConnectApi.Organization.getSettings(); System.debug(settings.features.defaultCurrencyIsoCode);  Thank you in advance.  Solution; public class MyDebugClassMultiCurrency { public MyDebugClassMultiCurrency(){     Boolean multiCurrencyEnabled = Schema.getGlobalDescribe().containsKey('CurrencyType');     if(multiCurrencyEnabled==true) {         sObject sobj = Database.query('SELECT ISOCode, ConversionRate FROM CurrencyType WHERE IsActive=TRUE and IsCorporate=TRUE');         System.debug(sobj.get('ISOCode'));     } else {         ConnectApi.OrganizationSettings settings=ConnectApi.Organization.getSettings();         System.debug(settings.features.defaultCurrencyIsoCode);     } }  }

Is there a way to check if an instance has Multi-Currency enabled through the API? I know that when enabling Multi-Currency, a CurrencyType object and multiple other fields are added on to each object.    Is there any other way other than querying for the CurrencyType object / CurrencyIsoCode on objects and then handling the INVALID_TYPE exception thrown when those fields are not in an instance without Multi-Currency enabled?  Thanks,


Over the years I have slowly developed a  that validates MOST email addresses correctly, assuming they don't use an IP address as the server part.  I use it in several PHP programs, and it works most of the time.  However, from time to time I get contacted by someone that is having trouble with a site that uses it, and I end up having to make some adjustment (most recently I realized that I wasn't allowing 4-character TLDs).  What is the best regular expression you have or have seen for validating emails?  I've seen several solutions that use functions that use several shorter expressions, but I'd rather have one long complex expression in a simple function instead of several short expression in a more complex function.


Full context from :  bash$ eval "`seq 10000 | sed -e 's/.*/export var&=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ/'`"   If it's just concatenation or something, comment instead of answering so I can delete. My testing seems to show that it's numbering the variable name itself somehow (nested within all three quotation types). Googling investigation didn't turn up results no matter how I escaped it because of the special character &.  var1=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ var2=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ var3=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ var4=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ var5=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ var6=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ var7=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ var8=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ var9=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ var10=ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

I'm using sed to find and replace patterns within SAS files I have rather than changing them individually. The problem is I am trying to replace macro variables and when I use the ampersand it is not processing correctly.  Here's my code: sed -ie 's/user=&uid./user=&sysuserid./g' *_table_*.sas   whenever I run this command it seems to append and do all kinds of funky stuff with the original text.  Question: How do I replace text that contains ampersands with sed command?


I recently installed Ubuntu however I ran into a problem. I can’t seem to find the network driver and I can’t connect to the WiFi. Is there possibly a way to fix this?

How do I install Wi-Fi drivers for Realtek RTL8723DE device in Ubuntu 16.04?  lspci -v | grep -i network 02:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device d723


Harry named his kids after six people:   James (Potter) Sirius (Black) Lily (Evans) Luna (Lovegood) Albus (P.W.B. Dumbledore) Severus (Snape)   With the exception of Luna, all the other figures were people who had died. (Luna is known to have survived from  in J.K. Rowling: A Year in the Life and from the .)  J.K. Rowling has  Harry's choice as "perpetuat[ing] the names of [those] who had nobody in their families to do so."  So why did he name a kid after Luna if she didn't die?  Inspired by

All of Harry's other children have middle names that honour people who played a serious part not just in his life, but in the second wizarding war: James Sirius Potter, and Albus Severus Potter.  Whereas Lily Luna Potter takes her middle name from someone in his generation, in fact someone who is, to my knowledge still alive.  Is this an anomaly or something deliberate by JKR, who is known for putting a lot of thought into her characters' names? Without hating on Luna, she doesn't seem to contribute as much as any of the other names givers.


Which is the correct usage?        What is the best book for learning English grammar?   Which is the best book for learning English grammar?      Also, can you give other examples where we could use either?

What are the grammatical rules determining whether to use which or what?  I usually go by intuition. It's "What car are you looking at?" and "What bicycle do you like most?" but "Which song did you sing?" Quite often, I don't know whether to use what or which.  How can I tell?


What are the advantages to booking a hotel via an online travel agent, rather than booking it directly with the hotel?  Is it price, trust, convenience or something else?

Should I use booking.com, Airbnb or any site like that?  Why should I?  Are there any advantages?


I am using   \href{http://abcd/x/y%z/abcd.html}  but % creates problem. It is getting commented after % but I have % in my address, and \% did not work.

I'm using the url package. Now, I have some some url with a percent sign in it and want to place it in a footnote. When I let the % where it is, I get a comment, and the whole thing fails to compile because of some unmatched brackets. When it's at the end of a line, it doesn't show up at all in the result. When I write \% instead, this gets literally into the output—but I want the url to be displayed correctly.  What could I do?


$$\left[J^{\mu\nu},\,J^{\rho\sigma}\right]=i\left(\eta^{\nu\rho}J^{\mu\sigma}-\eta^{\mu\rho}J^{\nu\sigma}-\eta^{\nu\sigma}J^{\mu\rho}+\eta^{\mu\sigma}J^{\nu\rho}\right)\tag{3.17}$$ How can I prove this equation?

How does one show that the bracket of elements in the Lie algebra of $SO(n,m)$ is given by  $$[J_{ab},J_{cd}]  ~=~ i(\eta_{ad} J_{bc} + \eta_{bc} J_{ad} - \eta_{ac} J_{bd} - \eta_{bd}J_{ac}),$$  where $\eta$ has is the definite symmetric form with signature $(n,m)$?


i get these messages  sudo apt-get purge linux-image-4.15.0-45.48 E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), is another process using it?   thank you

I get this error when trying to use apt-get:  E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11 Resource temporarily unavailable) E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/) is another process using it?     How can I fix this?


I am a complete beginner to Blender and to modeling, and am taking a tutorial for Absolute Beginners to create my first house.  No problems creating the point for the roof, but when I select the edges to try and extrude out the roof and create an overhang, the part I have extruded turns a scratchy grey color.  Later on when I try to add texture or color to the roof, the extended edges turn the same color as the face of the house, not the rest of the roof.  If anyone is able to translate my poor description and help, it would be much appreciated!  Thanks!!

I was following  on creating a watch and noticed that when I rendered the watch, some pieces were messed up.  I'm new to 3D modeling and I've just learned Blender, I can't explain it well, so here's a picture:    Other examples:     I don't know if it's a problem with my World texture, the object, or the object's texture/material, so I can't even guess how to fix it. What causes this? Is it possible to fix it?


Suppose that f: $\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is continuous and $f '(x)$ exists $\forall x \gt 0$ and $\lim_{x\to 0} f '(x) = 3$. Does $f '(0)$ exist?   So it's apparent that my function $f$ is continuous on $\mathbb{R}$ and that it is differentiable which is given by saying that $f ' (x)$ exists.   There is a thereom that states " Let $f$ be defined on $[a,b]$; if $f$ has a local maximum at a point $x \in (a,b)$ and if $f '(x)$ exists then $f '(x) = 0$"  I'm curious as to whether or not that theorem is kosher to use. Thanks.

I ran across this problem in my Analysis class and can't seem to come up with a good solution. Here's the question: Show that if $\lim_{x\to a}f'(x) = A$ then $f'(a)$ exists and equals $A$. $f$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ and differentiable on $(a,b)$.  I tried applying the Mean Value theorem like this: There exists a $c \in (a, x)$ st $f(x)-f(a)=f'(c)(x-a) \implies \frac{f(x)-f(a)}{x-a}=f'(c) \implies f'(a)=\lim_{x\to a}\frac{f(x)-f(a)}{x-a}=\lim_{c\to a}f'(c)=A$  However, I think this is wrong. I am pretty sure the Mean Value theorem is needed, but my application of it seems to be incorrect. Would somebody be able to point me in the right direction?


I use the function sizeof()  to get the size of a struct. The result shows 40. I think that should be 56.   And if I delete PicFormat   m_eformat;, the size is still 40.  If I delete PicFormat   m_eformat; and Framerate   m_eFramerate; at the same time,  the size is 32. I do not know why. The code is below:  "capstruct.h"      enum PicFormat     {         PIC_JPG  = 0,                     PIC_RGBA = 1,                    PIC_RGB  = 2                 };       typedef enum      {         RATE_30_HZ  = 0,         RATE_25_HZ  = 1,         RATE_20_HZ  = 2,         RATE_15_HZ  = 3,         RATE_7_5_HZ = 4     } Framerate;      struct sCaptureStruct     {         unsigned char   m_mac[6];                      unsigned long long  m_iHWtime;         unsigned long long  m_iNbr;         PicFormat       m_eformat;                      Framerate       m_eFramerate;         unsigned int    m_iImageSize;         unsigned char * m_pBuffer;     };   main.cpp  #include "capstruct.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std;   void main() {     sCaptureStruct s;     int n = sizeof(s);     cout<<n<<endl;  }

Why does the sizeof operator return a size larger for a structure than the total sizes of the structure's members?


My question is: How to natively enable TRIM in Sierra for a 3rd-party SSD?  A solution I found involves installing an "out of the App Store" app that will probably ask for admin credentials etc which I generally don't like.   Is there a native way in OS Sierra to enable TRIM ? Since many paid apps like the one I mentioned are just GUIs for basic BSD tools already in Sierra.   I'm all new to SSDs and just heard about TRIM and how it can help boost the life of your SSD etc.   Thanks !

As of OS X 10.10, Apple uses kext signing. Ever since it has become  to manually activate TRIM for third-party SSDs on OS X. That means users with non-Apple SSDs will sooner or later see degrading write speeds.   So I am wondering what are my options to avoid this situation. Some approaches I could think of imply additional problems:   Are you aware of any alternative approach, that does not require disabling kext signing?  Are there tools or tricks to manually clean up a SSD (i.e. issue a TRIM command)? If I decided to temporarily use a tool like TRIM Enabler how long would it need to be activated, in order to clean the disk?   To summarize: No TRIM on Yosemite. What can I do?


I have a document that frequently uses the \vec command from the amsmath package. I decided I wanted to make all the vectors boldfaced, so I added the following \renewcommand: \renewcommand{\vec}[1]{\vec{\mathbf{#1}}}  Now when I try to compile the document (using Texmaker), it says, 'Process started,' indefinitely; no errors appear. At first I thought that it might be caused by the document having to update all the existing \vec commands already, but I don't believe that would cause compile times like this (its been trying to compile for several minutes now) If I remove the \renewcommand then it compiles near instantaneously. Does anybody know what may be causing this? Edit: I just tried using the following \newcommand \newcommand{\vecbf}[1]{\vec{\mathbf{#1}}}  and then I replaced all existing \vec commands with \vecbf. This solution works and compiles very quickly. I can continue using this solution, but I don't understand why renew command doesn't work. Edit 2: I think I know why \renewcommand doesn't work in the way I used it, but I'm not positive. I believe it is because I'm using the command I'm renewing in the renewed definition, causing a sort of infinite loop.

I'd like to "add to" an existing command by writing something like  \renewcommand{\somecommand}{\begin{something}\somecommand\end{something}}   but (not surprisingly) I get errors about being "too deeply nested".  Is there a way to take an existing command, add to it (by appending or prepending additional commands or text), and then have that "augmented" command replace the existing command?


I have to prove that the sequence $\{11,111,1111, \dots \} $ doesn't contain any perfect square numbers. I can realize it but I am unable to prove it. Please help.

Please help me with solving this : prove that none of $\{11, 111, 1111 \ldots \}$ is the square of any $x\in\mathbb{Z}$ (that is, there is no $x\in\mathbb{Z}$ such that $x^2\in\{11, 111, 1111, \ldots\}$).


I had a power failure on my laptop, so I ended up crashing in the middle of a package installation. How do I fix this error?  jrg@atlantis:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade --fix-missing Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable Setting up man-db (2.6.3-1) ... debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable dpkg: error processing man-db (--configure):  subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing:  man-db E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) jrg@atlantis:~$

I'm trying to install the flashybrid but when I enter the apt-get install flashybrid command, I get this error:  root@user-desktop:/home/user# apt-get install flashybrid Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done flashybrid is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0B of additional disk space will be used. debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable Setting up flashybrid (0.15+nmu2) ... debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable dpkg: error processing flashybrid (--configure): subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: flashybrid E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)   I also tried this one to find what is already using that file:  root@user-desktop:/home/user# lsof | grep /var/cache/debconf/config.dat lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon file system /home/user/.gvfs Output information may be incomplete. dpkg-prec 4672 root 4rW REG 8,6 39658 1697827 /var/cache/debconf/config.dat   But I don't know how to fix this.


Let $f$ : $C$ to $C$ be a function. Assume that $f$ is entire and Im(f(z)) > 0 for all $z$ belongs to $C$. Does that imply $f$ is constant?  I think f will be constant,but can't deduce it  Its easy when the imaginary part(v) is constant but does v>0 also implies that f is constant?  what if v is non-negative that is it can attain $0$ also, will the result remain same?

So the question asks me to prove that an entire function with positive real parts is constant, and I was thinking that this might somehow be related to showing an entire bounded function is constant (Liouville's theorem), but are there any other theorems that might help me prove this fact?


i'm trying out bones and rigging and i've run into a little problem. I used 2 bones to move the blender monkey's ear and applied that as a shape key. However, the bones are now in that bent position but I want them in the original position so I can apply a different shape key. Is there any way to move it back in place without manually doing so or deleting the shape key? Thanks in advance

I got a problem with pose mode.  Like the heading says, I haven't found yet a possibility to reset the already transformed armature so that it exactly does look like the rest position (though it is still in pose position).   Is there any kind of shortcuts or tricks to do that?


Recently, I was developing a classic Google Sites, but wanted to add a RevolverMaps Widget. The widget I was using was RevolverMaps Standard GL (you can search for revolver maps on google and click on the "get a widget" tab and the first one is what i wanted). However, when I paste the code into the HTML box in the classic google sites it says error or something I forgotten but it just didnt work. Can someone help me with this? In the box is the code I have: <script type="text/javascript" src="//rf.revolvermaps.com/0/0/6.js?i=5zpda5iu2nz&amp;m=1c&amp;c=9d8b63&amp;cr1=ff00ff&amp;f=comic_sans_ms&amp;l=0&amp;v0=100&amp;z=11&amp;rx=0&amp;hi=100&amp;hc=ffc000&amp;rs=100&amp;as=100&amp;cr0=ff00ff&amp;cw=00fff6&amp;cb=baff00" async="async"></script>  Notes:   I am using CLASSIC Google Sites not new google sites  I am not a tech expert I am just a graduating student at a primary school in Singapore (a.k.a. Primary 6 if you are a Singaporean you should know it) and I have LITERALLY no idea what codes or HTML whatever that means Hence, try to explain and avoid using too complex terms I cant understand as much as possible or you can send a video link if you know one I can watch. However, any help would be appreciated

I need to use a JavaScript patch in my Google Sites, but the problem is I don't understand how to place them and use it as Google Gadget.  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Untitled Document</title>          I'm hoping for specific instructions using the JavaScript code I provided since I've found general Google Sites embedding instructions unfathomable. However with specific instructions I will be able to figure out how to use scripts in Google Sites in the future as well.


I wanted to comment my question directly in the thread  , but I do not have enough reputation to comment, so I opened a new thread:  I just upgraded from El Capitan to Sierra and wanted to disable spell check as always for years now with this procedure:  sudo mv /System/Library/Services/AppleSpell.service/Contents/Resources \         /System/Library/Services/AppleSpell.service/Contents/Resources.disabled killall AppleSpell   Unfortunately this procedure doesn't work anymore as the Resources file does not exist anymore in System/Library/Services/AppleSpell.service/Contents  Does anybody know how to get rid of the spell check in Sierra?

I've just done a clean install of Yosemite, and in practically all of my apps I'm noticing those red underlines whenever I've "misspelled" something (or, more accurately, used an unrecognized name, technical term, piece of code, etc.). I have been disabling it app by app, although even then it doesn't always work - for example, when doing Google searches in Chrome it still shows up, even though I've disabled "check spelling while typing."  I've also gone to System Preferences/Keyboard/Text and unchecked "Correct spelling automatically," but this still doesn't seem to do anything.  Has something gone wrong on my system? And is there any more reliable way to completely disable this unwanted "feature?"


So, I'm bringing a kind of sensitive topic to here. Usually there are lots of articles on the web saying that masturbation is a good stress-relief mechanism and that it can avoid some kinds of prostate cancer and some other good things.  However  based on my own experience (and some friends too) long term masturbation doesn't seem to be that good at all. From my personal case I can say if I masturbate 2 or 3 times a day and keep it for more than a week I feel the following:   I'm always tired and lack energy; I work less efficiently;  I have a shorter temper, don't really have head to deal with anything;  Always bored;  It no longer gives me pleasure; Ruins my sexual life;  Lack of sexual desire; More passive than active behavior; No longer have self-discipline; Completely drained.   Why does this happen, is there any specific research on this subject?  Does this happen because I'm stimulating way too much the "reward"-center of the brain or because in the process of the ejaculation I'm taking a lot of proteins and chemicals out of my body that need to be produced / acquired again?  Are there any long terms effects of this one might experience?   Note: I actually stopped masturbating on my freshman years when I had issues getting achieving an erection. After few weeks everything was normal again.

I have heard that there can be adverse effects from masturbation, such as difficulties with having children and/or decreased sex drive.  Can masturbating actually decrease my fertility or sex drive?


I've been trying to understand passing by reference and passing by value and trying to understand it lead me to trying to understand reference data types. In all the explanations I've seen online they define a reference data type to be referencing data as opposed to containing data, and i'm wandering what is the difference?  What i think so far is that the variable doesn't contain data itself but it is referencing a method, but i don't feel like that is a satisfactory understanding. Hopefully someone could clear this up for me.

What is the difference between    a parameter passed by reference a parameter passed by value?   Could you give me some examples, please?


I have been using my fc22 machine for a while and wanted to learn more about kernels and how to build kernels. I wanted to know about what 301 on kernel version signifies.  Is it some kind of security patch or additional modules?   Output of uname -a : Linux localhost.localdomain 4.0.4-301.fc22.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu May 21 13:10:33 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

I need to understand the Linux versioning system and distribution concepts. what are public, stable or final terms for versions?


Should I put 'the' before an adjective in superlative degree when there is no noun.  For example:  I am (the) strongest. You are (the) best.

I would like to know the meaning of structures concerning the definite article "the"-"the"+comparative or superlative adjective(adverb) structures- to be more specific, these ones: the more...the better; the most... the best.   Examples:   the more...the better: the sooner the better. the most...the best:  We like this book the best.   If you can provide some information of this structure I would be grateful.


I need a word or phrase to describe the sensation people experience when they hear nails scratching on a chalkboard.  I don't want to describe the noise , just the sensation.

Got extremely annoyed today. But that's not the word I was looking for.  I had to deliver a case of bottled water to some friends living in another dorm in our college.  I have to tell you, the sound of tight plastic rubbing against tight plastic is never a pleasant experience.  In any case, I had trouble describing the moment to my fellow friends, and they in turn had no idea how to describe it.  You know, the reaction to nails on a chalkboard, or something like that.


Elsewhere in meta I was in a discussion where an answer to a related question was very relevant.   But I currently can't point to that answer, other than to say "the answer by author <here - link to question>"  Not a big deal, but would be nice, and presumably easy.

I wanted to link to an answer to a Stack Overflow question, but couldn't find a way to do it. I couldn't get the ID of the answer in order to create the link.  How can you get the permalink for an answer to a question?


I am trying to solve this coding problem with no luck. The problem is like this: I need to create a function that receives two arguments.  The first is a list that consists n number of string values. The second argument is the amount of values I want in the returned list. My challenge is to create a new list of lists with the maximum amount of combinations possible with k strings in each list. I think using an example will best explain this: symbols = ['stop', 'bomb', 'moon'] def create_deck(symbols, k):  create_deck(symbols,2)  I expect the function to return: [['stop', 'bomb'], ['stop', 'moon'], ['moon', 'bomb']]  which is the maximum amount of combinations while k=2. Meaning two words per list. I dont have any code to present because the furthest I got is a mathematical equation that represents the solution: nCr = n! / r! * (n - r)!  but no code.

I have a list with 15 numbers in, and I need to write some code that produces all 32,768 combinations of those numbers.   I've found  (by Googling) that apparently does what I'm looking for, but I found the code fairly opaque and am wary of using it. Plus I have a feeling there must be a more elegant solution.  The only thing that occurs to me would be to just loop through the decimal integers 1–32768 and convert those to binary, and use the binary representation as a filter to pick out the appropriate numbers.   Does anyone know of a better way? Using map(), maybe?


So this is the code I have, which already works:  public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {     @Override     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {         String pathToFile = "myimage.jpg";         File file = new File(pathToFile);         response.setHeader("Content-Type", "image/jpeg");         response.setHeader("Content-Length", String.valueOf(file.length()));         response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "inline; filename=\"" + file.getName() + "\"");         Files.copy(file.toPath(), response.getOutputStream());         response.flushBuffer();     } }   However, I must make this work with JDK 1.6.  Files.copy is only available with Java 1.7.  Any suggestions?

I was surprised to find today that I couldn't track down any simple way to write the contents of an InputStream to an OutputStream in Java. Obviously, the byte buffer code isn't difficult to write, but I suspect I'm just missing something which would make my life easier (and the code clearer).  So, given an InputStream in and an OutputStream out, is there a simpler way to write the following?  byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = in.read(buffer); while (len != -1) {     out.write(buffer, 0, len);     len = in.read(buffer); }


I've got a table with a few columns, and for each row I want the maximum:  -- Table: +----+----+----+----+----+ | ID | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | +----+----+----+----+----+ |  1 |  1 |  2 |  3 |  4 | |  2 | 11 | 10 | 11 |  9 | |  3 |  3 |  1 |  4 |  1 | |  4 |  0 |  2 |  1 |  0 | |  5 |  2 |  7 |  1 |  8 | +----+----+----+----+----+   -- Desired result: +----+---------+ | ID | row_max | +----+---------+ |  1 |       4 | |  2 |      11 | |  3 |       4 | |  4 |       2 | |  5 |       8 | +----+---------+   With two or three columns, I'd just write it out in iif or a CASE statement.  select ID   , iif(C1 > C2, C1, C2) row_max from table   But with more columns this gets cumbersome fast. Is there a nice way to get this row-wise maximum? In R, this is called a "parallel maximum", so I'd love something like  select ID   , pmax(C1, C2, C3, C4) row_max from table

How do you return 1 value per row of the max of several columns:  TableName  [Number, Date1, Date2, Date3, Cost]   I need to return something like this:  [Number, Most_Recent_Date, Cost]   Query?


How can I print chunks of size 5 from a list and the remaining tail end that does not have chunk size of 5  For example  a = list(range(23))   I want to produce print out   [0,1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,8,9], [10,11,12,13,14], [15,16,17,18,19], [20,21,22]

I have a list of arbitrary length, and I need to split it up into equal size chunks and operate on it. There are some obvious ways to do this, like keeping a counter and two lists, and when the second list fills up, add it to the first list and empty the second list for the next round of data, but this is potentially extremely expensive.  I was wondering if anyone had a good solution to this for lists of any length, e.g. using generators.  I was looking for something useful in itertools but I couldn't find anything obviously useful. Might've missed it, though.  Related question:


When I try to open a "plain text document" (no file extension) it opens its folder in the file manager (Nautilus), instead of opening the file in my text editor.  This happens when I open it through Chromium, or through the Dash, or through the command line using xdg-open.  I have set "Geany" as the default application to open "plain text document" with. But this only works if I open the file from within Nautilus.

I configured evince to be my default application to open pdf files (using Open with... and clicking on always opening pdf files with this application), but when I type gnome-open foo.pdf instead of evince, I have Nautilus that opens up in the correct folder highlighting the file of my choice.   This is especially disturbing since I am using the LaTeX plugin for gedit, and when I try and compile a tex file to pdf, instead of opening up a new window with my compiled pdf file, I just have nautilus pop-up. I know I can edit the scripts of my gedit LaTeX plugin to call on evince (or acroread) with the pdf I want opened, but this is a workaround and not the solution I am looking for.


Suppose random variables $X_1$, $X_2$,..., and $X_n$ are independent and normally distributed (with varied means and variances), what is $P(X_i\ge \max_{j\in [1,n], j\neq i} \{X_j\})$?

Given a $n$-dimensional multivariate normal distribution $X=(x_i) \sim \mathcal{N}(\mu, \Sigma)$ with mean $\mu$ and covariance matrix $\Sigma$, what is the probability that $\forall j\in {1,\ldots,n}:x_1 \geq x_j$?


I'm currently trying to build a simple search for a mySQL table using php with PDO, but I don't get any results, so I guess I'm doing something wrong.  Here is what I basically did:  HTML:   <!doctype html>      <form id="search" action="/search.php" method="POST">     <input type="text" name="searchQ" value="<?php echo $searchQ; ?>">     <input type="submit" value="Search">   </form>     PHP:   <?php   $hCon = new PDO("mysql:host=$dbhost_n;dbname=$dbname_n",$dbuser_n,$dbpasswd_n,array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES utf8"));   $searchQ = (isset($_POST['searchQ'])?strtolower(htmlspecialchars($_POST['searchQ'])):"");   $q = $hCon->prepare("SELECT * FROM :dbTable WHERE LOWER(description) LIKE :searchQ");   $q->execute(array(':dbTable'=>$dbtable,':searchQ'=>'%'.$searchQ.'%'));    while($row = $q->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {       echo "
" . $row['description'] . "
";   } ?>   No matter for what I search, I don't get any results at all. What could be causing this?

Why can't I pass the table name to a prepared PDO statement?  $stmt = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM :table WHERE 1'); if ($stmt->execute(array(':table' => 'users'))) {     var_dump($stmt->fetchAll()); }   Is there another safe way to insert a table name into a SQL query? With safe, I mean that I don't want to do  $sql = "SELECT * FROM $table WHERE 1"


I've done a fair number of reviews this morning, and have repeatedly rejected one particular user's edits as they've been very minor (i.e., changing "i" to "I" and adding newlines). So far, I've rejected at least 10 edits from this user.  My question is, why is this user still able to edit anything?  According to the answers and information from previous (albeit, outdated) questions, including  and , indicate that after a certain number of edits, users are barred from editing, yet after many rejections from myself alone, all in the last couple hours, this user is still editing posts as I write this question. So far, he's almost hit the rep cap today for edits alone, no other contributions (he has received 168 rep so far today), likely from other reviewers accepting his minor edits.  Is there still a limit on the number of rejected edits you get before you're barred from editing? If not, why was it removed, and is there a possibility that it can it be added back in?  Edit: According to Bart in the comments, the edit ban is still active, so I guess a more appropriate question is what is the new limit for bans or how is it calculated?

First time I've got the following message on SO:     Too many of your edits were rejected,   try again in 7 days.   Although, I have made ~50 accepted edits this day.  I'm sure that should outweigh the ~5 rejected edits, right?    My suggestion:  bool allowEdit(USER u) {     if(u.rejected * 5 > u.accepted)         return(false);     else         return(true); }   Think of it this way: if I do a 1000 accepted edits, and mess up on 5 [rejected], does that mean I should get banned for 7 days?    Hmmm... There seems to be a bug; the message only appears when clicking edit from review.  But otherwise, I can't edit , even when going to it from the homepage.


Can someone provide an explanation of the intuition behind De Rham Cohomology, and what exactly one is trying to achieve?  Assuming the audience knows of manifolds, tangent spaces, cotagent spaces, and differential forms, what is a proper and insightful reasoning to give of the set-up of De Rham Cohomology and how it came to be?  In essence, what is the elevator pitch? And if you have a moment to expand on said pitch, that would also be quite appreciated.  I know, for example, that there's some game going on with exact and closed forms that relates to the existence of holes in a manifold, but would be quite happy to hear a further explanation.

The intuition behind homology may be summarized in a sentence: to find objects without boundary which are not the boundary of an object. This has geometric meaning and explains the algebraic boundary operator $\partial$ - quotient of vector spaces procedure. On the other hand, the definition of de Rham cohomology comes always unprovided of such intuitive approach. My question is: how may be intuitively understood de Rham cohomology?  (Please see this related )


If to love or like something is *phile, and to fear something is *phobia, then what is to hate something?

For instance trichomania is a love of hair, and trichophobia is a fear of hair. But what suffix would denote a loathing of hair?  Edit: Maybe I'm looking at the wrong end of the word, and I should be considering the prefix "miso-".


I am trying to make holes out from a pattern. It will be like a star and holes will be a word logo.   I am thinking to make the text as SVG then make a manual pattern in Blender and use Boolean Modifier.  _  Problems:   -It will be flat and the word will not follow the mesh (the second IMG).  -It will take a lot of time to make a pattern in blender.  I liked the one as image texter if it can be done in some how?!  And thanks!

I have an object already created in blender, a tree, or a human, or a pipe.. and I need this to be drilled with multiple holes.   The holes are painted in an image, that is, it is an image that has a repeating an images pattern (they can be circles, squares, or any form).  Here are some examples for drilling-pattern:


I want to know the process to follow if I want to apply for a 6 month UK visa for myself, wife and children. Do I have to fill separate forms for each person and do I have to pay separately for each person including children under 8 years old?

We are sponsoring a family to visit us in UK as friends from Madagascar for two weeks. They have a 6 year old and a 16 month old.   Do the kids need their own visas, and are they the standard visitor visa or a special child visa?   Also, when I try and apply on the website I can only apply for one person so how do I apply for all the individuals in the family?   I have looked on the Immigration website and can't find the answers I need.


I use TeXStudio 2.9.4 and TeXLive 2015. They are not installed from the same bundle.  TeXStudio cannot find any package at all. How do I let it look for packages at the right place?

It seems that I have two installations of TeXlive, one of which is more updated.  When I run latex, it seems to search packages inside the old installation. How can I direct latex to look for the updated installation?  All my packages in the new installation (such as tcolorbox) are listed as directories in the directory /usr/local/texlive/2015/texmf-dist/tex/latex/.   The old installation lists the package files in /usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/.  Also, the command which latex gives /usr/bin/latex.


Prove that:  $$(n!)^2>n^n$$  Also prove that, $$2×4×6......(2n)<(n+1)^n$$  I haven't solved any inequalities of this kind before so all suggestions are welcome.

Show that if $n>2$, then $(n!)^2>n^n$.     My work: I tried to apply induction. So, at the induction step, I need to prove, $n^n>(n+1)^{n-1}$ Here, I tried to use induction again without any luck. I also took log of both sides, but I did not get anything. Please help!


I am following Brownian motion and Stochastic calculus by Karatzas and Shreve  They give the following definitions with an example:    I do not understand the difference between definition 1.1 and 1.3 and consequently I do not understand why $P[Y_t = X_t ; \forall{t} \ge 0] = 0$ in the example.  Edit: I found  that kind of helps, basically saying "at each time $t$" treats $t$ as a countable set and saying "$\forall{0} \le t < \infty$" treats $t$ as an uncountable set? Actually this still does not make much sense to me, I think it has to do with the order of the propositions.

Would someone be able to offer a layman's explanation of what is means when two stochastic processes are a Modification of each other and when they are Indistinguishable?  My Stochastic Analysis notes define the following:  a) $\textit{The stochastic processes X and Y are called a modification of each other if}$ \begin{align} P(X(t) = Y(t)) = 1 \quad \textit{for all t $\in$ I} \end{align}  b) $\textit{The stochastic processes X and Y are called indistinguishable}$ \begin{align} P(X(t) = Y(t) \,\,\,\textit{for all $t \in I$}) = 1 \end{align}  I interpret this to mean that:  (a) for each $t$ in $I$ the probability that the processes are equal is equal to 1.  (b) the probability that the entire path of the processes X is equal to the entire path of the process Y, is equal to 1.  I don't understand the difference between the two statements. The first seems to examine the processes at each point. The second examines the paths of the processes (which are made up of the points!).  Is anyone able to provide a motivational explanation as to why (a) does not mean that the paths are the same? I find it counter intuitive since if the processes are equal at each point then surely their paths are the same?  The classic example I've been given which (apparently) shows the two processes to be a modification and not indistinguishable is:  $\textbf{Example:}$ Let $\Omega = [0,\infty), \mathcal{A} = \mathcal{B}([0,\infty))$ and $P$ be a probability measure on $\mathcal{A}$ which has a density. Define two stochastic processes $(X(t): t \ge 0)$ and $(Y(t): t \ge 0)$ by \begin{align} X(t)(\omega) =  \begin{cases}  1, \text{ if $t = \omega$},\\ 0, \text{ otherwise} \end{cases} \quad Y(t)(\omega) = 0 \quad \text{for all $t \ge 0$ and all $\omega \in \Omega$.} \end{align} Then $X$ and $Y$ are modifications of each other but $X$ and $Y$ are not indistinguishable.   $\textbf{Question:}$ With regard to the example above if $t = 0$ and $\omega = 0$ then $X(0)(0)= 1$ but $Y(0)(0) = 0$, then how can their probability be equal to 1 at this point? Hence how can they be a modification of each other?  Many thanks,  John


I'm trying to create a buffer   I'm using QGIS 2.4.0  layers and have street departments and rivers with coordinate system EPSG: 4326 - WGS 84   I need to create a buffer layer 500 meter rios    This is my rivers layer    but my result look like this

I am using QGIS 1.7.4-Wroclaw and working with an SHP layer in WGS84. I want to buffer out to a certain number of kilometers from this layer using the ftools buffer tool.  I understand that the buffer tool always uses the layer units, which for WGS84 are decimal degrees. We all know that degrees don't convert consistently to meters, so how should I go about making my buffers?   Is it necessary for me to convert the shapefiles to a different CRS that natively uses meters?   If so, how do I choose one?


It does make perfect sense to me that you must wait to award the Bounties for all of the reasons except the last (see image). If there is an existing answer on an old(er) question which has helped me and I want to reward it with more than the +10 upvote, why should I have to wait in this scenario?    I would like to see this Bounty reason have no waiting period before I can award it to someone.   However like always I'm open for discussion about this feature request.   Image of the bounty popup for reference.

I was impressed by the effort that Ankur put into his answer to my question "", so I created a bounty so that I could award extra reputation as a way of thanking him for his help.  As the reason for my bounty, I specified, "One or more of the answers is exemplary and worthy of an additional bounty":    When I went to award the bounty, however, I noticed that I still have to wait 24 hours:    Is this really necessary, seeing as how I started the bounty specifically to award it to an existing answer?


Show for $x \in  \mathbb{R}$ with $|x|< 1 $  $$\left(\frac {1}{1-x}\right)^2 = \sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}(n+1)x^n$$  My idea is, to  use the Cauchy product, but i didn't gone very far..

How can I evaluate $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{2n}{3^{n+1}}$$? I know the answer thanks to , but I'm more concerned with how I can derive that answer. It cites tests to prove that it is convergent, but my class has never learned these before. So I feel that there must be a simpler method.  In general, how can I evaluate $$\sum_{n=0}^\infty (n+1)x^n?$$


I saw this sentence in comments     I would recommend going through the Help Center   What is the difference between 'I recommend' vs 'I would recommend'? Is that only for making sentence more polite?  It can be seen as very easy one to people whose first language is English but in my country, there is no exact elucidations for this.  Many thanks.

I just realized that throughout my life I have interchanged "I recommend that you do X" and "I would recommend that you do X".  Is there a difference in their meanings in modern-day usage, or are they functionally the same?


ls -rlth /proc/stat -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 21 04:25 /proc/stat   Although if we cat it, its got enough contents.

I have an Android TV stck I compiled Linux for IT from   But when I booted that Image I found /proc/config.gz is of 0 bytes  can some please explain how the command line params from .config file in kernel source get mounted to /proc. I mean what goes in the background??


There was a story about a space traveler who ran out of fuel and got stranded on a strange planet. The fuel he needed was a roll of copper wire, which he eventually took from the laboratory of an indeterminate living being who created other beautiful life forms. As our mythical spaceman escaped, the "creator" went to the equivalent of a file cabinet and noted something on the order of "... the experiment on sol 3 was moderately successful...".

Can anyone offer any help with this..? I read it at school around 1976 but cannot remember the title nor the author. Thank you in advance!  A lone astronaut called - I think- Steve is stranded on a distant planet when his ship runs low on fuel.   His only companion is - again I think - a parrot. The fuel his ship uses is a filament or wire which is kept on a spool.   On exploring the locale he has landed in he discovers a huge building half-buried in a mountainside. He enters the building and discovers it is a museum filled with thousands of glass cases containing preserved specimens of various life forms as well as machines.   There is a robot curator that does repairs and, as the astronaut finds out, prepares cases for new exhibits.   On analysing the wire in one of the machines he discovers that is suitable as fuel for his ship so he winds a length of it onto his ships spool and leaves the planet just ahead of the robot collecting him and his parrot as museum exhibits...


I'm trying to set focus to textbox in a modal using the code below:  $('#search-modal').on('shown.bs.modal', function () {     $('#s').focus(); });   this code is in script.js file which I add it using the code:   function dia_scripts() {    wp_enqueue_style( 'bootstrap', get_template_directory_uri() . '/css/bootstrap.min.css', array(), '3.3.7' );    // checking to include Bootstrap rtl edit    if ( is_rtl() ) {         wp_enqueue_style( 'bootstrap-rtl', get_template_directory_uri() . '/css/bootstrap-rtl.min.css', array(), '3.3.7' );     }     wp_enqueue_style( 'style', get_template_directory_uri() . '/style.css' );     wp_enqueue_script( 'bootstrap', get_template_directory_uri() . '/js/bootstrap.min.js', array( 'jquery' ), '3.3.7', true );     wp_enqueue_script( 'custom-script', get_template_directory_uri() . '/js/script.js', array( 'jquery' ), null, true ); } add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'dia_scripts' );   I found that jQuery -blank javascript is working- isn't working with script.js file. However, it's working well with bootstrap.min.js file. any ideas?

I know that jQuery is loaded, because I can switch out the $ for 'jQuery' and everything behaves as expected, but this will be a messy script if I can't fix this  This script:  jQuery(document).ready(function(){     $("ul.vimeo_desc_feed li a").click(function(){         alert($(this).attr('href'));         return false;     }) });   Produces the error $ is not a function  This script:  jQuery(document).ready(function(){     jQuery("ul.vimeo_desc_feed li a").click(function(){         alert(jQuery(this).attr('href'));         return false;     }) });   works fine.


Question :  I was really tired last night. I ______________ (have) a hard day.   Which one of the two is correct sentence and why?  (by the way I wrote the second one.)   I was really tired last night. I had had a hard day.  I was really tired last night. I had  a hard day.    When do we use had had or have have together?

For example, what is the difference between the following two sentences:     I had a bad day      I had had a bad day


I'm making a cookie cutter model to 3D print, and I want to extrude the upper ring of faces to be wider on the top (or just make it thicker on X/Y axes)    I've tried selecting the upper ring and separating it, then applying solidify modifier and later joining both meshes with CTRL+J into one. It looked kind of like I wanted to, but as a side effect I got a few unfixable non-manifold edges so in the end my 'solution' was garbage. Any other ways?

Newbie to blender here. I'm trying to take a curve or traced object and essentially make it wider all the way around. I'd also like to do the same, later but make the same object thinner all around. I'm trying to make a cookie cutter for my daughter and I want to make the object below porportionally wider, then drop a copy of it (only thinner) on top and join the objects together, this will be the "stamp" or cutting edge. Am I thinking about this correctly?      I'd like to make the copy of this object much thinner and drop it on the top.  Thanks in advance!!!  which vertex are you referring to?


Why those? What is it that makes you recommend those books above others?

I'm trying to learn more about software testing, so I want to know which books you would recommend on this topic


I would like to ask the following questions:   Are there any IRC programmes (local or web), plugins, features, etc. that allow for making rich-text formatting, either directly or through markup (e.g. )? If not, then is there a way to give an IRC programme said capability?   But I'm not sure which site to ask on: StackOverflow or SuperUser.  On the one hand, I'm asking a question that may involve a markup language, so StackOverflow seems most appropriate for that. On the other hand, I'm asking about poweruser-esque capabilities of applications, so in that case SuperUser would be most appropriate.    Note: I'm not asking about any particular StackExchange or StackExchange-related feature or channel or whatever. I'm asking about IRC in general.

In a perfect world, the so-important advice "do not reinvent the wheel" would be extensively followed. In practice, everyday millions of wheels are reinvented simply because someone didn't know an existing solution for a specific problem. The best way to find a library, today, is googling it, but it's not always obvious which keywords to use. The lack of a tool for finding solutions is very counterproductive for the dev world as a whole. Stack Overflow is not very receptive for recommendation threads. So what about a new SE for it?


Can anyone provide detailed steps to install Windows 7 RC from a USB hard disk (rather than a DVD)?

I have an  of the Windows 7 installation DVD, but I can't burn it to CD or DVD. I have an empty flash drive with plenty of space. Is there any way I can put the ISO image on it and install from it as if it were a CD?


I like to use my real name and photo on some Stack Exchange sites that are relevant to my career (e.g. Stack Overflow) but use a pseudonym on other Stack Exchange sites (such as Gaming). Partly, because I want that if possible employers Google my name they see relevant things for my career, not me commenting on games or that sort of stuff.  Right now if I go to a new SE site automatically a new account is created with my name. I can change the name and e-mail, but there is still a tab with my other accounts. Is there a way to hide this?   I found this question:  but that is only about CVs.

I recently noticed a new feature, the network profile link, just under the flag weight in my user profile page. It probably seemed like a good idea but I really don't like it. Here's why:  I am very committed to StackOverflow, use my real name for the account, take a professional approach to it and hope to use it as something of a portfolio-light at some point in the future.   Every now and then I venture onto other Stack Exchange sites but I do so with mostly different names for different SE sites. I have posted some questions and answers that I would rather not have connected back to my Stack Overflow account. They've been silly or controversial and have nothing to do with software engineering. I would rather a potential employer not see these posts or even see links to other sites I may be a member of. There are sites where mere membership can be offensive to people. For example: Atheism, Christianity, Skepticism, etc. I really do not want these sites and accounts to be linked back to something that I do take seriously such as SO.   It is also a matter of privacy. I see the network profile and accounts links as something akin to using a particular browser and finding out that the browser is publishing your history for all the world to see. Some might be OK with that but not me. There are SE sites I find interesting and want to participate in from time to time but only anonymously. Had I known that all of my SE accounts would at some point be tied and published together I would have never signed up for many of them.  I would very much like to see a check box when editing my profiles that specifies whether or not my SE accounts should be displayed.  Thank you for your consideration.