Hopefully, this is not a duplicate question. I tried searching for answers before posting, but I'm pretty new to Linux and I couldn't find anything that I could understand. I might need some ELI5 help.  I'm running Ubuntu 16.04. I've got a full boot drive. I determined that it's because there are A LOT of extra kernels that I really don't need.     The thing is, when I try to remove the oldest (I think it's the oldest. It's the one with the lowest number) using:  sudo apt-get autoremove linux-image-4.4.0-31-generic   This error is thrown multiple times:  gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-75-generic with 1. run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1 dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-4.4.0-75-generic (--remove):  subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 Removing linux-image-extra-4.4.0-92-generic (4.4.0-92.115) ... depmod: FATAL: could not load /boot/System.map-4.4.0-92-generic: No such file or directory run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.0-92-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-92-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.4.0-92-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-92-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.0-92-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-92-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-92-generic depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_AjLDSQ/lib/modules/4.4.0-92-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_AjLDSQ/lib/modules/4.4.0-92-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory   I'm not sure if I'm reading this right, but I think it's saying that I need more space in order to clear up space. I have no idea what to do. Please help me.   I'm sure anyone wanting to help me will need more information. Please let me know if you do. I'm just sorry I can't anticipate them.  And thank you!

My first issue was when I tried to apt-get update or apt-get upgrade. On upgrade I get the following error:  You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-image-server : Depends: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic but it is not installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.   I tried running apt-get install -f and this was the output(after saying yes on prompt)  (Reading database ... 186183 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic (from .../linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic_3.2.0-27.43_amd64.deb) ... Done. dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic_3.2.0-27.43_amd64.deb (--unpack):  failed in write on buffer copy for backend dpkg-deb during `./boot/System.map-3.2.0-27-generic': No space left on device  No apport report written because the error message indicates a disk full error                                                                           dpkg-deb:    error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-27-generic   /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic_3.2.0-27.43_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)   I tried running apt-get autoremove and it gives me the same error as apt-get upgrade.  When I run df, I get this for /boot:  /dev/sda1                    233191     230297         0 100% /boot   So, I read elsewhere that I should try to purge old kernels. I checked for what kernels I had with:  $ dpkg -l linux-image-\* | grep ^ii ii  linux-image-2.6.38-13-server  2.6.38-13.52  Linux kernel image for version 2.6.38 on x86_64 ii  linux-image-3.0.0-13-server   3.0.0-13.22   Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0  on x86_64 ii  linux-image-3.0.0-14-server   3.0.0-14.23   Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0  on x86_64 ii  linux-image-3.0.0-15-server   3.0.0-15.26   Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0  on x86_64 ii  linux-image-3.0.0-16-server   3.0.0-16.29   Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0  on x86_64 ii  linux-image-3.0.0-17-server   3.0.0-17.30   Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0  on x86_64 ii  linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic  3.2.0-24.39   Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0  on 64 bit x86 SMP ii  linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic  3.2.0-25.40   Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0  on 64 bit x86 SMP ii  linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic  3.2.0-26.41   Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0  on 64 bit x86 SMP   When I try to remove the oldest with this:  $ sudo apt-get purge linux-image-2.6.38-13-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-image-server : Depends: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic but it is not going to be     installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).   How can I free up or extend boot without messing up my installation?


My problem:     Let $n$ be a natural number and $p$ be a prime. Prove that there exists an irreducible polynomial of degree $n$ in $\mathbb{Z}_p[x]$ (note: $Z_p$ is the quotient field $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$)   Basically I don't have a clear idea to even think about. But somehow I think this relates to the splitting field of $f(x) = x^{p^n} - x$ in $Z_p[x]$, which serves as the extension of $Z_p$ to $p^n$ elements. Is it possible that there exists a factor of this polynomial which has degree $n$?  Please give me a hint. Anything is greatly appreciated.  I have basic knowledge about field extensions, spliting fiels and finite fields. Thank you.

Let $F$ be a finite field. How do we prove that for each $n \in \mathbb{N}$ there is an irreducible polynomial of degree $n$?  One can assume that $F = \mathbb{F}_{p^m}$ where $p$ is prime. If $n \ge |F|$ then I can construct an irreducible polynomial, namely  $ p(x) = 1 + \prod_{j=1}^{|F|} ( x - a_j )$  where $a_j$ are all the field elements. It is clear that $p(x)$ has no roots in $F$.  This trick doesn't work for $n < |F|$. A counter-example: Let $F = \mathbb{F}_3$ and $p(x) = 1 + (x-1)(x-2)$, then $p(1) = 1$, $p(2) = 1$, $p(0) = 1 + (-1)(-2) = 1 + 2 = 3 = 0 \pmod 3$.  I know there is a way to count them using the Möbius function $\mu(n)$ but I want a proof without it that just shows existence.


does space-time expansion affect on fundamental particle or point particle?

I have looked at other questions on this site (e.g. "why does space expansion affect matter") but can't find the answer I am looking for.  So here is my question: One often hears talk of space expanding when we talk about the speed of galaxies relative to ours. Why, if space is expanding, does matter not also expand? If a circle is drawn on balloon (2d plane), and the balloon expands, then the circle also expands. If matter is an object with 3 spatial dimensions, then when those 3 dimensions expand, so should the object.  If that was the case, we wouldn't see the universe as expanding at all, because we would be expanding (spatially) with it.  I have a few potential answers for this, which raise their own problems:   Fundamental particles are 'point sized' objects. They cannot expand because they do not have spatial dimension to begin with. The problem with this is that while the particles would not expand, the space between them would, leading to a point where the 3 non-gravity forces would no longer hold matter together due to distance Fundamental particles are curled up in additional dimensions a la string theory. These dimensions are not expanding. Same problems as 1, with the added problem of being a bit unsatisfying. The answer seems to be (from Marek in the previous question) that the gravitational force is so much weaker than the other forces that large (macro) objects move apart, but small (micro) objects stay together. However, this simple explanation seems to imply that expansion of space is a 'force' that can be overcome by a greater one. That doesn't sound right to me.


A coin is tossed a random number of times $N$, and head comes up with probability $p$. Define the number of times head comes up by $E$. Given that $N$ is Poisson distributed with parameter $\lambda$, show that $E$ is Poisson distributed with parameter $\lambda p$.   My idea was to show this by using the pgf of $E$, since $G_E(s) = G_N(ps + 1 - p)$, where $G$ denotes the pgf. By showing that the pgf of $E$ is equal to that of a $Pois(\lambda p)$ distributed random variable, I would be done. However, when writing out $G_N(ps + 1 - p)$ I don't see how I can get to the expression I want to get to, so any tips or hints regarding this problem would be very welcome!

Let $X_1,X_2,...$ be a sequence of i.i.d Bernoulli random variables   with parameter $p$. Let $N$ be a Poisson random variable with with   parameter $\lambda$ which is independet of the $X_i.$      (a) Find the probability generating function of $Z=\sum_{i=1}^{N}X_i.$      (b) Use (a) to identify the distribution of $Z$.   The pgf of a sum of i.i.d random variables is the product of their respective pgf's so:  $$G_Z(s)=G_{X_1}(s)\cdot G_{X_2}(s)\cdot...\cdot G_{X_N}(s),$$  and sice the $X_{i}$ are Bernoulli distributed with parameter $p$ we have that  $$G_Z(s)=(1-p+ps)^N.$$  I'm not sure how to proceed from here. I can't express my $G_Z(s)$ in terms of a random variable, so what should I do with the $N$?


Can the graph of a continuous real function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ be a totally disconnected subset of $\mathbb{R}^2$? Certainly there can be many disconnected points (in $\mathbb{R}^2$), like the point $(0,0)$ in the graph of: $ f(x)= \begin{cases}  x\sin\frac{1}{x}&\text{if}\, x\neq 0\\  0&\text{if}\, x=0\\ \end{cases} $ And perhaps it isn't necessary for the graph of $f$ to be connected either side of these "disconnected points". Whether or not there is a real function $f$ and dense subset $X$ of $\mathbb{R}$ so that $\{\ (x,f(x)): x\in X\}$ is a totally disconnected subset of $\mathbb{R}^2,\ $ I am not sure. Perhaps this is not possible?

Let $f:\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be a continuous real function and we consider its graph identified by the subset:   $$\mathcal{G}(f)=\{(x,f(x))\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}:x\in\mathbb{R}^n\}$$  of $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ equipped with the usual euclidean topology that induced on $\mathcal{G}(f)$ a subspace topology. Well with these condictions we demonstrate that $\mathcal{G}(f)$ is homeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^n$. So we consider the function   $$ h:\mathcal{G}(f)\owns(x,f(x))\rightarrow x\in \mathbb{R}^n$$  since the domain of $f$ is $\mathbb{R}^n$, clearly $h$ is surjective on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and then is also injective because if $h(x,f(x))=h(y,f(y))$ then $x=y$; now to prove the assertion we have to demonstrate of that $h$ and $h^{-1}$ are continuous funcion or that $h$ is open and continuous, but unfortunately I'm not be able to do this so can someone help me?


Most wheels have an axle that needs to be connected to a frame from both sides. What are wheels called that only need to be connected from one side?    I'm looking to buy wheels like this and for that I need to know what they are called.

The trailer wheels have their own axle that stays in place via a spring-loaded ball bearing.   (They are quite different from the various axles usually found on bicycles themselves; those have some kind of bolt or clamp at both ends and go into dropouts.) They’re described in   Most trailers have a separate axle for each wheel, like those used on a bicycle. These separate axles usually mount directly on the frame using either threaded nuts, a quick-release mechanism, or some press fit arrangement.  and in   ...a single sided wheelchair hub. They are light and designed so the wheels are easily removable, which is handy for a trailer that will be packed away often.  but is there an accepted name or term?


After a two days fight with integrating angular with webpack I found a very strange behaviour.  In my html file I have been including the bundled JS source with     all of a sudden everything was fine.  With the   <-- where is this comming from    Only the
 title is visible in the browser, everything else is not shown.  My index.html looks like this  <!DOCTYPE html>       <meta charset="UTF-8">     <title>Angular with Webpack</title>
Angular + Webpack

What is the reason browsers do not correctly recognize:  <script src="foobar.js" /> <!-- self-closing script element -->   Only this is recognized:  <script src="foobar.js"></script>   Does this break the concept of XHTML support?  Note: This statement is correct at least for all IE (6-8 beta 2).


Problem: Find all functions $h:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $$h(x+y) = h(x)+h(y)$$$$h(xy)=h(x)h(y)$$ for all $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$.  My attempt:   From $h(x+y) = h(x) +h(y)$, we can derive that $h(x) = k x$ for all rational $x$ and some rational $k$. Since $h(xy)=h(x)h(y)$, we get $h(x)=x$ for all rational $x$'s. In fact, it is true for all real algebraic numbers, if I argue in a similar manner. However, I cannot extend this to other irrational numbers (Although I have a feeling that I may need to use completeness theorem for $\mathbb{R}$).  Any hints as on how to extend this to all irrational numbers?

Let $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ is a function such that for all real $x$ and $y$, $f(x+y)= f(x) + f(y)$ and $f(xy)= f(x)f(y)$, then prove that $f$ must be one of the two following functions:   $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ defined by $f(x)=0$ for all real $x$   OR   $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ defined by $f(x)=x$ for all real $x$   I got to the point where putting the two equations together, you get $f(x+y)f(x)= f(xy) + f(x)^2$ and plugging in $f(x)=x$ checks with it. So am I going in the right direction or am I just doing some guess work? Is there a more elegant way of doing it?   Thanks


While it's quite standard to infer the second isomorphism theorem from the first one, I've not seen the proof in reverse direction. Is it possible to infer the first isomorphism theorem from the second one? Thank you so much for your help! I tried to let $S := G$ and $N := \ker(\varphi)$, but this leads to a trivial equality.  Here is first isomorphism theorem:  Let $\varphi: G \to H$ be a group homomorphism. Then $G/\ker(\varphi) \cong \operatorname{Im}(\varphi)$.  Here is second isomorphism theorem:  Let $G$ be a group, $S \le G$, and $N \trianglelefteq G$. Then $(S N) / N \cong S /(S \cap N)$.

I'm trying to infer the second isomorphism theorem on groups from the first one. Could you please verify if my attempt is fine or contains logical mistakes?  Let $G$ be a group, $S \le G$, and $N \trianglelefteq G$. Then $(S N) / N \cong S /(S \cap N)$.   My attempt: Consider the map $\phi: S N \to S /(S \cap N), \quad sn \mapsto s(S \cap N)$. Let $s_1, s_2 \in S$ and $n_1,n_2 \in N$ such that $s_1 n_1  = s_2 n_2$. We have $s_1 n_1 = s_2 n_2 \iff s_1^{-1} s_2 =n_1 n_2^{-1} \implies s_1^{-1} s_2 \in S \cap N$ $\iff s_1(S \cap N) = s_2(S \cap N)$. Hence $\phi$ is well-defined. Clearly, $\phi$ is surjective. It follows from $S \le G$ and $N \trianglelefteq G$ that $(S\cap N) \trianglelefteq S$. Hence $S /(S \cap N)$ is a group. Next, we show that $\phi$ is a homomorphism. Let $s_1, s_2 \in S$ and $n\in N$. It follows from $N \trianglelefteq G$ that $ns_2 = s_2 k$ for some $k \in N$. Hence $\phi ((s_1n)(s_2n)) = \phi (s_1 s_2kn) = (s_1s_2) (S \cap N) =$ $(s_1(S \cap N)) (s_2 (S \cap N))=\phi (s_1n) \phi (s_2n)$. It's not hard to verify that $\operatorname{ker} \phi := \{sn \in SN \mid (s,n) \in S \times N \text{ and } s (S \cap N) = S \cap N\} = N$. By , the result then follows.


I am writing a thesis in Latex,using the babel library \usepackage[english,greek]{babel} But using \textlatin and \textgreek in every word is very frustrating. I tried using polyglosia library \usepackage{fontspec,xgreek,polyglossia} but i got errors in every compiler. Is there some way to use both texts without changing each word? Code of main below: \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{report} \usepackage[left=3cm,right=2.5cm,top=2.5cm,bottom=2.5cm]{geometry} \usepackage[LGR]{fontenc} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[english,greek]{babel} \newcommand{\en}{\selectlanguage{english}} \newcommand{\gr}{\selectlanguage{greek}} \usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb} \usepackage[parfill]{parskip} \usepackage[unicode]{hyperref} \usepackage{bookmark} \usepackage{cite} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{subcaption} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{siunitx} \usepackage{color} \usepackage{kmath,kerkis} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhf{} \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage} % Redefine plain style, which is used for titlepage and chapter beginnings % From https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/30230/828 \fancypagestyle{plain}{%     \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}%     \fancyhf{}%     \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}% }  \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt} \setlength{\headheight}{15pt} \rhead{ \chaptername } \lhead{Έξυπνο Σπίτι} \rfoot{\thepage} \graphicspath{{../PICS/}}  \def\tl{\textlatin} \def\tg{\textgreek}  \begin{document} \include{cover} \title{Υλοποίηση  ενός προσωπικού ψηφιακού βοηθού μέσω \textlatin{open-source} εφαρμογών} \author{ΧΑΤΖΟΓΛΟΥ ΚΩΣΤΑΣ \\ \today \href{mailto:empty@auth.gr}{\tl{empty@auth.gr}}} \maketitle  \tableofcontents  \thispagestyle{empty} \include{DOCUMENT/Εισαγωγή} \include{chapter1} \include{chapter2} \include{chapter3} \appendix \include{acronyms}  \selectlanguage{english}  \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} \bibliography{IEEEabrv,references}  \end{document}

I want to use a really cool open-source OpenType font with my LaTeX document.  I was told that either I could go through a long process of converting the OpenType font to one useable by LaTeX, or I should instead switch to using XeTeX.  Is there a way for me to use an unmodified OpenType font with my LaTeX document (and existing LaTeX installation)?


I asked a question about .  The problem was solved by Steven Penny's answer:     you can manually enter your OpenID box, enter  openid.stackexchange.com     This flow is weird. How does a user know he should enter such a string to create a native Stack Exchange account?  There should be a stackexchange account option on the  page.    add more logins screenshot :

When I was trying to help , I noticed that there is no "Sign Up" or "Login" option for a Stack Exchange account when you are already signed in.  I know it used to be there, what happened to it?  Ok, I see both the signup and login options when I am not logged in        But if I log (I tried with my test account since it doesn't have an SE account already associated):        In the second picture, there is no more SE login option.  The account definitely does not have an SE login associated, but I can't see it on my account either and I do have an SE account.


I have a shapefile with no spatial reference nor projection, and a GEOTIFF that has the spatial reference and projection data. The shapefile was created from a segmentation analysis of the GEOTIFF, therefore the extent of the shapefile matches that of the GEOTIFF, and should be overlayed on the GEOTIFF. The two files can be found .   I have tried the raster, sp and RGDAL packages, among others, to try to project/reproject the shapefile. Due to the size of the shapefile, it takes over 2 days to rasterize from the raster package. I have tried to convert a smaller shapefile (samp.shp) to a raster, then copy the projection of the GEOTIFF (geotiff) to the new sampled raster.  samp.shp.raster<-raster(samp.shp,res=r) shp.rasPRO = projectRaster(samp.shp.raster, geotiff)   This seems to work on the sample, but I cannot get to reproduce it for my data. I think if I can convert the shapefile to a grid, then I can copy the X,Y coordinates of the geotiff to that grid, but I am not sure if this would work. I have >200 individual GEOTIFFs and corresponding shapefiles and I need to batch process. I am searching for the most efficient method of assigning the spatial reference and projection data to the shapefiles.  Any suggestions would be welcomed.

I think that by using readOGR to import a shapefile renders worthless to put proj4string to the script since if any coords are available in the shapefile, it will be transported through the readOGR.   Therefore, proj4string is expedient only if we use another import function for example readShapeSpatial (for polygons, lines or points) or by using readOGR, but in the case that the shapefile does not contain the coordinates/projection:  When checking if the shapefile has projection information and if it has not, should I add proj4string although I have put readOGR?


I want the fish that sits on the cylinder to extrude out off the smooth surface Much like a fish stamp but on a curved surface.  I can get the fish curved on the surface but cannot get it to extrude I have a cylinder and have imported an SVG and shrinkwrapped it top a cylinder.  How do I extrude the svg on surface of cylinder to it is raised/extruded (embossed)? I tried to add midifier > solidify but the extrusion went crazy

I am fairly new to blender and I am trying to do something which I am assuming is fairly straight forward with no success. All I'm looking to do is emboss some text onto the curved part of a yogurt pot. Image attached below. What is the quickest and easiest way of doing this?  Thanks in advance


I'm trying to run the fix_bad_unicode found  with the addition:  if __name__ == '__main__':     A = fix_bad_unicode(u'hell€')     print A   I get an error at the print statement:   UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u20ac' in position 4: ordinal not in range(128) in sublime text's console  and  UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character u'\u20ac' in position 4: character maps to <undefined> in the windows command prompt  I have tried changing to lucida console font.  Any suggestions?  EDIT: Also, print "€" in the python prompt gives ?

When I try to print a Unicode string in a Windows console, I get an error . UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character .... I assume this is because the Windows console does not accept Unicode-only characters. What's the best way around this? Is there any way I can make Python automatically print a ? instead of failing in this situation? Edit:  I'm using Python 2.5.  Note: @LasseV.Karlsen answer with the checkmark is sort of outdated (from 2008). Please use the solutions/answers/suggestions below with care!!  is more relevant as of today (6 Jan 2016).


So here's the scenario: Bought chicken and put immediately in the freezer like 3-4 weeks ago.  I pulled the chicken out yesterday afternoon and put it in the fridge to let it thaw to let it cook for dinner. Ended up not using it so I put it back in the freezer this morning.  Is this safe to do? The chicken was still somewhat frozen-ish when I put it back in the freezer, although the Chickens expired date was 10 days ago, but it has been in the freezer since.

I've often been told by people that I shouldn't refreeze meat (particularly hamburger meat) once it has been thawed.  However, this seems a little silly to me.  I can't imagine how meat that hasn't been bought fresh and local could find its way to my kitchen with out thawing and being refrozen a couple of times.  How much damage can one more thawing and refreezing really do?  Can it really be that dangerous disease wise? Or is this just one of those urban myths?


Show that for every $A\in M_{n}(\mathbb{R})$ with rank(A)=1 that $||A||_{op}=||A||_{HS}$. What happens in the general case?     Just to clarify the notations:  $||A||_{op}= \sup\left\{\frac{\|Av\|}{\|v\|} : v\in V \mbox{ with > }v\ne 0\right\}.$ $\|A\|^2_{HS}={\rm Tr} (A^{T}A) := \sum_{i \in I} \|Ae_i\|^2$   So using this inequality that I proved before:   $\|AB\|_{HS} \leq \|A\|_{\mathrm{op}} \|B\|_{HS} $ If I Substitute B for I I get the weak inequality, but I can't see how rank=1 helps me here..  Any help?

Problem:  Let $A_{n.n}$ be square complex matrix. Prove the following: $$\left \| A \right \|=\left \| A \right \|_{HS}\Leftrightarrow  rank(A)\leqslant 1$$. Where $\left \| . \right \|_{HS} $ is the Hilbert Schmidt Norm.  Please read my solution and tell me whether it is correct. If not, let me know where the mistake is.  Proof of the implication $\Leftarrow $:   If $rank(A)=0$, then in this case $A=0$. It follows that $\left \| A \right \|=\left \| A \right \|_{HS}=0$ If $rank(A)=1$, than: $ A=\begin{pmatrix} A_{1}\\  \alpha _{2}A_{1}\\  ...\\  \alpha _{n}A_{1} \end{pmatrix}$ where $A_{1}$ is the first row of $A$   and in this case: $\left \| A \right \|=\left \| A \right \|_{HS}=\left \| A_{1} \right \|\sqrt{1+\alpha _{1}^{2}+...+\alpha _{n}^{2}}$  Proof of the implication $\Rightarrow $   We know that $\left \| A \right \|=max_{\left \| x \right \|=1}\left \| Ax \right \|$  On the other hand: $ A=\begin{pmatrix} A_{1}\\  A_{2}\\  ... \\ A_{n}  \end{pmatrix}$. So, $$\left \| Ax \right \|=\left \| \begin{pmatrix} \left \langle A_{1},x \right \rangle\\  \left \langle A_{2},x \right \rangle\\  ...\\   \left \langle A_{n},x \right \rangle\end{pmatrix} \right \|=\sqrt{\left \langle A_{1},x \right \rangle^{2}+\left \langle A_{2},x \right \rangle^{2}+...+\left \langle A_{n},x \right \rangle^{2}} $$  Where $ \left \langle A_{i},x \right \rangle$ is the inner product of $A_{i}$ and $x$  Using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality: $\left \langle A_{i},x \right \rangle^{2}\leq \left \| A_{i} \right \|^{2}\left \| x \right \|^{2}$, we get: $\left \| A \right \|=max_{\left \| x \right \|=1}\left \| Ax \right \|\leq max_{\left \| x \right \|=1}\left \| x \right \|\left \| A \right \|_{HS}=\left \| A \right \|_{HS}$. In order to have the equality: $\left \| A \right \|=\left \| A \right \|_{HS}$, we should have: $\left \langle A_{i},x \right \rangle^{2}=\left \| A_{i} \right \|^{2}\left \| x \right \|^{2} $ which occurs only if $A_{i}=\lambda _{i} x$. So, the rows of A are dependent, which implies that $rank(A)=1$. Note that the case $rank(A)=0$ happens when $A=0$  Please let me know if my solution makes sense.


Is there anyway in Ubuntu 18.04 to right click a dock icon to get a list of the open windows from that program, right now I have to click 'All windows' to get to this list - which is hugely annoying as I do this hundreds of times per session.  Is there also a way to loop through the windows of the application by scrolling the mouse wheel over the icon?  These 2 features, along with the global menu and HUD are really killing my workflow with 18.04 since Unity has gone :(

I'm using Ubuntu 17.10 with GNOME 3. How can I show all open windows of a certain application using the sidebar (aka Ubuntu Dock)? Right now I have to right-click and select "all windows" to see my other open windows.   Is there a quicker way to do this?


I need some advice on organizing files for my dissertation. I am writing various chapters of my dissertation based on my published papers and a number of chapters are quite image heavy. I have created folders for each chapter and inside each chapter I have a folder named "figures" where I keep figures(EPS, PNG and FIG) related to that chapter.  Because the figures folder is inside the chapter, I had to use following command to display the image:  \includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{Chapter_8/Figures/EPS/AndersonTanker/AndersonTanker_Pitch_Fn0_Beta180}    The only problem is having the "Chapter_8/" in the file path. Whenever I need to change the order of chapters, I had to manually rename the path for each figure (find+replace of course).  Has anyone faced the same problem? I don't want to keep all my figures for the whole dissertation in one folder.  Please let me know if there is any easy solution to this. Thanks inadvance.

Do you think it's possible to include images into LaTeX without specifying the exact path to them. So instead of:  \includegraphics{path/to/image/myfig.pdf}   It would be:  \includegraphics{myfig.pdf}   While the image would still reside in the path/to/image/ directory. Basically, I'm asking if there is a macro that can recursively search for the image.  An alternative for me is to write a script outside of LaTeX that determines all the images that are included, performs the recursive search and copies those files temporarily in the same directory as the .tex file.


Doctype declaration is not a HTML tag nor element, but is it HTML code? Some of my peers told me it is HTML still because it is part of a HTML document, but others told me it is instead something called SGML. Can someone please clarify?

What is DOCTYPE and why do I want to use it? What are the different DOCTYPEs I can use? What is the difference between standards and quirks mode, and what are some quirks I may run into with differently set DOCTYPEs?   Lastly, what is the proper DOCTYPE that I should be using?


I am brand new to QGIS.   I have downloaded the BLM's public land survey system from their website (), which has a file format of .lpk.    I cannot seem to open that file format in QGIS.    Anyone know how to get around this problem?

I downloaded an LPK file from the ESRI site that contains USPS defined zip codes. Because I'm working with QGIS on a Mac, I converted the file to a .zip. There's a .lyr file that opened up in the zip, but I'm not able to open that up on QGIS.   Is there a way to convert the contents of an ESRI layer package file (.lpk) into a shapefile with the associated data, and that I can open with QGIS on a Mac?   I looked into using utilities like 7-zip, but it doesn't seem to work on a Mac.   Apparently one of the .xml files in the layer package should contain a link to the actual data under the packagelocation tag, but I wasn't able to find that tag in the .xml files.   Does anyone know if that tag name might have switched?   I downloaded the layer package file from .


Ok, I have a big problem! My fiance says he was at lunch while google location history shows that for over an hour he was in the hotel next door to the restaurant. He has a Galaxy 3.   The dots at the bottom of the screen are from the restaurant and the dots up at the top are the hotel. None of the blue circles from the 2 locations run into one another either.  How likely is it that this is inaccurate?

I have a major problem that I hope someone can help with. On my Google Maps feature under my Location History it shows a location that I was never at at any point, but when my wife happened to see that location she doesn't believe me that the GPS could be wrong and pinpoint that location if I was never there.  I was first wondering myself how could that could be possible if I was never there or my phone was never at that location that was 35 miles away from me and second is there any way I could prove the GPS being wrong? Can I contact Google Maps and can they give an official printout of that certain day and every location I was? I really need to prove my honesty to her and hope there is a way.


In several codes on the web I have found the following sentence  SELECT *   FROM <TABLE>  WHERE 1=1      AND ....   I can't understand what purpose this comparison has to do.

Why would someone use WHERE 1=1 AND <conditions> in a SQL clause (Either SQL obtained through concatenated strings, either view definition)  I've seen somewhere that this would be used to protect against SQL Injection, but it seems very weird.  If there is injection WHERE 1 = 1 AND injected OR 1=1 would have the same result as injected OR 1=1.  Later edit: What about the usage in a view definition?    Thank you for your answers.  Still, I don't understand why would someone use this construction for defining a view, or use it inside a stored procedure.  Take this for example:  CREATE VIEW vTest AS SELECT FROM Table WHERE 1=1 AND table.Field=Value


I read this book in the 80's, but it was pretty old at the time. What I recall:   Hero character is a secret agent of some kind. Technology organization ("Q Branch" basically) provides him with some sort of atomic vehicle, upon which they put a governor to prevent it from going past the speed of light. Like Chekhov's gun or "never press this button!", in the last part of the book he has to remove it in order to go back in time (or something). He has to go to the villain's lair, but he takes some sort of medicine which enables him to reshape his face (like putty) in order to pose as the villain's son. The villain manipulates events so that he gets a minor poke, drawing blood, and he secretly has the hero's blood analyzed, and it's the wrong bloodtype. ("My son's blood is type O").   It had a pulpy, Tom Swift type of feel, and it wasn't at all high literature. But I'm wondering what it was. I'm pretty sure that the events listed above were all in the same book, but I may be conflating two different series.

I'm trying to track down an old sci-fi book I read when I was a teenager.  The book was at the Cottage Grove, OR Public Library around 1982-1985.  The plot followed a brother and sister who were scientists or spies, or both.  The brother once used a series of pills to change his weight, height and appearance.  Towards the end of the book, the brother takes a space ship that his sister invented, removes a governor so that he can travel faster than the speed of light and goes back in time several hours.  This is really vague, but thanks for any leads you can share.


I want to fetch date format from (y,m,d) to (d,m,y).In my database I already insert data like date and images so many around 400 images.I dun want to insert again.  The following  is to fetch from database.  <?                                           $sql = "SELECT * FROM  ShowFillter GROUP BY Image_Date order by Image_Date desc";                             $objQuery = mysql_query($sql) or die ("Error Query [".$sql."]");                             while($objResult1 = mysql_fetch_array($objQuery))                             {                         ?>                         <li class="filter" data-filter="<?=$objResult1['Image_Date'];?>">                                                              <?=$objResult1['Image_Date'];?>
                          <?                              }                             ?>   The following is i tried it out to fetch from database.But It only show (Year ,Month,day) format.  <?                                           $sql = "SELECT * FROM  ShowFillter GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT(Image_Date, '%d/%m/%Y') order by DATE_FORMAT(Image_Date, '%d/%m/%Y') desc";                             $objQuery = mysql_query($sql) or die ("Error Query [".$sql."]");                             while($objResult1 = mysql_fetch_array($objQuery))                             {                         ?>                         <li class="filter" data-filter="<?=$objResult1['Image_Date'];?>">                                                              <?=$objResult1['Image_Date'];?>
                          <?                              }                             ?>   Here is the result   Is it possible to fetch (day,month,year) format? If its possible ,guide me please.  Thanks :)

I have a datetime column in MySQL.   How can I convert it to the display as mm/dd/yy H:M (AM/PM) using PHP?


Is there a way to set CSS classes to blocks when creating them via hook_block_info and hook_block_view? I tried to use '#attributes', '#classes_array' and '#attributes_array' options but with no success. I understand that I can do it in preprocess function but I believe this is not a right way.

For theming reasons I'd like to add a specific class at the "block" level to some of the blocks I'm generating with a custom module. I know there is a module , but I would rather like to do it directly in code (there is no need to change is afterwards).   I also know of , but that does not seem to allow adding or editing classes.  Is it possible to add a class with to a block from within my module code? I'm using Drupal 7.


I want to look into the source code behind the command cd, but cd doesn't seem to have its own package so which package is it in?

I tried which cd and it didn't give a path but instead returned the exit code 1 (checked with echo $?). The coreutil cd itself is working, so the executable should be there, right? I also ran a find for cd, but there was no executable file shown. How is it implemented then?  Update:  I don't know if I should ask this in another post but since I think it is good here, I'm expanding (?) the post... So the answer was actually quite simple, there's no executable for that — because it's a builtin — But I've found some builtins (bash shell in Fedora) have the executable files! So builtin -> no executable isn't right I suppose? Maybe an answer explaining what builtins actually are (builtin commands?), which actually is the matter here, rather than focusing more on cd... Some good links posted previously indicate that builtins are not programs... so what are they? How do they work? Are they just functions or threads of the shell?


Is there any tool equivalent to spotlight search in OS X for Ubuntu 12.04?  Something where you just type a search string and files, folders or installed programs will appear in a list.

One of the things I like best when using OS X is the  tool. You can click a magnifying glass in the corner, and search for apps, files, anything. Windows 7's Start Menu search tool is similar. Does Ubuntu have anything like this?  Gnome Do has some similarities, but it's really more about doing things than searching for things. Something with a panel applet like Spotlight would be ideal.


I have valid ESTA from 1.5 years ago when I stayed in Pennsylvania. I now need to travel to the US again, but this time I only need to do so for a layover en route to Canada. When I try to update the travel details on my ESTA, I can't change my answer to the question "Is your travel to the US occurring in transit to another country?" from "no" to "yes". Do I need a new ESTA, or should I just delete all of the information under "Address while in the US"?

My ESTA is valid until Jan 2016. I am holding an Australian passport valid until 2017. I already made one trip to USA in May 2014. I will travel from Australia to USA in Sep 2015.    I have updated the new address where I will stay during the second visit on the web site of US Custom Border Protection. However I am still concerned about the flight details (airlines, flight number etc...) which I could not update.    Why not, or how do I, or need I not?


I need a word that implies   a person's insatiable hunger for more than required wealth   Something like "hoard" or "more than required" but not quite

I am looking for a word that describes the emotion or feeling of an intrinsic want of a new and better possession. Covetous or envious seem a bit too focused on the other other person's possession of the desired object whereas I am looking for something that is defined by the internal thoughts we have when seeing an advertisement for the latest iPhone or life-changing new service.    but I am wondering if there is a word with less emphasis on the second entity? Otherwise, would I covet new things from Amazon or Apple? Can I be envious of corporations?  For example, I just bought a new car and now, looking at my slightly out of date television, I feel the need to upgrade my T.V. with a newer, shiny one from Amazon. Would I be coveting that T.V. which Amazon sells?     I saw the ad for the latest iPhone, the iPhone 3000, and feel that my current phone is inadequate. I am a(n) ______ person, since I always desire something better than what I currently possess. If I was a caveman with a sharpened stick, I'd want your sharper, pointier stick.   I feel like there is probably some niche German word for exactly this, but I'm unsure it exists in English. Thanks!


I really liked the 2x2 workspaces from ubuntu 14.04 LTS but on 18.04 LTS they only made a vertical one. I could still live with this if this was the only difference but my main problem is the fact that once I'm in one of my workspaces and I want to toggle in between windows I still have to toggle through all the other windows from the other workspaces.  Is this solvable by just changing some settings?  Or do I have to download separate software?  Thanks in advance!  PS: I'm not a very experienced linux user.

I have just upgraded to Ubuntu 17.10 and found out there is no option to have 2 by 2 workspaces. I was able to configure 4 "static" workspaces using , but I would like to have them in 2 rows by 2. Any ideas?


This is probably a duplicate of this question: , however, that one is old and still unanswered.  I'm trying to configure a Mapproxy using Mapnik and I need to make getfeatureinfo requests available.  My configuration files are like this (parts that I believe are relevant):  mapproxy.yaml:  services:   demo:   kml:   tms:   wmts:   wms:     srs: ['EPSG:4326', 'EPSG:900913']     image_formats: ['image/jpeg', 'image/png']  layers:   - name: poi     title: Pleno POIs     sources: ['poi_wms']   - name: vias     title: Pleno Vias     sources: ['vias_wms']  sources:   poi_wms:     type: mapnik     mapfile: mapnik/Mapnik.xml     transparent: true     layers: ['poi']   vias_wms:     type: mapnik     mapfile: mapnik/Mapnik.xml     transparent: true     layers: ['vias']   And my mapnik xml looks like this:  <Map ...>    <Style>...</Style>     <Layer name="vias"            srs="+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +wktext +no_defs +over"            queryable="true">         <StyleName>vias</StyleName>         <Datasource>             (...)         </Datasource>     </Layer>      <Layer name="poi"            srs="+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +wktext +no_defs +over"            queryable="true">         <StyleName>poi</StyleName>         <Datasource>             (...)         </Datasource>     </Layer> </Map>   When I try to do a getfeatureinfo request, I get "layer vias is not queryable".  I've tried adding the queryable="true", as one answer in old question I've linked suggested and had no success.  Also, I had one layer on mapproxy using the 2 layers on mapnik, I changed to two to see if it would matter, still nothing.  I'm using Mapproxy 1.5 and on its documentation () it says how to make a wms source queryable (add wms_opts: featureinfo: true). The problem is that it only works if you have type: wms. When you have type: mapnik, it says that the keys wms_opts or featureinfo are unknow and it doesn't work.   I've tried several other stuff (like adding a key mapnik_opts with featureinfo: true) and couldn't get it to work, nor find any information about this on the web.  Does anyone know how to solve this problem? (Or at least have some kind of workaround for it?) It seems like either mapproxy doesn't support getfeatureinfo requests when you're using mapnik or the information about how to do it is well hidden. :(

I'm wondering if its possible to configure mapproxy and mapnik for getfeatureinfo requests. I've made this combination work for getmap requests, but when I request getfeatureinfo I receive layer xxx is not queryable. I've tried setting featureinfo:true, but no luck there.  Any help appreciated.


In Blender 2.8+, I used to check the "Denoising" checkbox in the View Layer Properties when using Cycles rendering engine but after installing Blender 2.9, I can't find this item anymore:  Does someone know how I denoise image renders now?

I was using the denoise option in Blender 2.8, but cant seem to find it in 2.90. The documentation refers to the "Render Layers" but it doesn't seem to be there either.  When I open an older project that was created with 2.8 in 2.9, the denoise option is there and works fine. is there a setting i need to check to enable the feature by default in new files?


This question is fairly self-explanatory when installing Ubuntu directly onto a computer as the primary operating system. The difficulty arises when installing Ubuntu onto a VM like VirtualBox. The option and its warning could leave the user confused as to what actually would occur. The concern, of course, is in losing the underlying operation system and data. I think I know that it is okay to go ahead with this option, but Ubuntu could add in a little caveat to clear the air.

I am installing on VirtualBox on Mac.  During install it asks: Erase disk and install Ubuntu  Question: Is it asking about the virtual disk - hopefully. Is it safe to answer OK?


I already created DEMs, DTMs, DSMs from a LiDAR (LAS) file with a little help from the internet. However, right now I'm kind of stuck in my research.   I want to create a raster file which contains for each pixel the number of returns from the las file. So that the result would be a raster file with 5 classes (values) because the LiDAR system used to generate the data was able to differentiate in up to 5 LiDAR returns from one pulse.  ArcGIS 10.2.2, ERDAS Imagine 2014 and LAStools are available to do that job. I would be very thankful for any kind of help!

How can I compute a raster showing the number of return points per square meter using SAGA GIS or other open source software?    My goal is to obtain a mask which would show me the places (cells) where there were no hits and would help me in interpreting LiDAR-derived data.


If we have a one-loop diagram in $\phi ^ 3$ scalar field theory with $n$ external lines, then what is its symmetry factor?    I have drawn the diagram I am looking for, but instead of $6$ external lines, I want the diagram to have $n$ external lines. Please ignore the arrows in my diagram and assume that the external points are held fixed.

In $\phi^3$ theory, are there any formula for determining the Symmetry factor as that is found for the $\phi^4$ theory in any standard book of Quantum Field Theory?


so how to select different wallpaper for each workspace in Ubuntu 14.04?  I've tried to install unity-tweak but didn't found anything about having different background image for each workspace...

I normally use 4 different workspaces for different things, and they are always the same. Can I make a different background image for each one of them?   I would like an answer that works for GNOME 3 desktop environment, Unity and the Classic desktop environment.     This question has multiple answers covering different Ubuntu versions:


Now we have very established model of quarks explaining fundamental strong interaction. What are experimental proofs for existence of quarks and what is the name of physicist which made them?

What is the experimental evidence that suggests the existence of quarks? How were they discovered? I'm going to assume a particle collider is involved, as it tends to be the case with most subatomic discoveries these days.  How are we able to study something so small with any type of instrument? It seems like at some point, we wouldn't be able to build an instrument on the scale required to detect something so small.  (Would be nice if this could be explained in such a way that a College Physics 1 / 2 could understand it.)


Is there a clean way to alter a View exposed filter field, but only on page reload and not each time you submit the exposed filters form ?    Example  I have a View with exposed filters. When a user is loading this View, I want to change the value of an exposed filter field, depending on a cookie value.  I've managed to make it work with the hook_form_views_exposed_form_alter function.  function HOOK_form_views_exposed_form_alter(&$form, FormStateInterface $form_state, $form_id) {     if ($form['#id'] == 'views-exposed-form-MY-VIEW') {         $cookies = \Drupal::request()->cookies->all();         if (isset($cookies['MY_COOKIE'])) {             $form['MY_FIELD']['#value'] = $cookies['MY_COOKIE'];         }     } }   Problem is : if the user manually change the exposed filter and submit the form, the value is getting back to the first one because the hook_form_alter is getting called again.  Here is a video :     Poor solution  I've found a solution, but it doesn't looks like a good one. I've found out that when the hook_form_alter is getting called by a submit, there is a new entry ('a' => '') in the UserInput array that you can find by calling $form_state->getUserInput().  First load :  [     'MY_FIELD' => 'All',     '...' => '...' ]   After submit :  [     'MY_FIELD' => 'New value',     'a' => '',     '...' => '...' ]   So now I can use the following to change the field value only on the page load :  if (isset($cookies['MY_COOKIE']) && !array_key_exists('a', $form_state->getUserInput())) {     $form['MY_FIELD']['#value'] = $cookies['MY_COOKIE']; }   But I'm not even sure it is fully functional, is there a better way to do it ?    Clean solution  Thank's to @NoSssweat, here's a cleaner solution :  function MODULE_views_pre_build(ViewExecutable $view) {     $request = \Drupal::request();     $is_ajax = $request->isXmlHttpRequest();     if (!$is_ajax) {         $cookies = \Drupal::request()->cookies->all();         if (isset($cookies['MY_COOKIE'])) {             $view->setExposedInput(['MY_FIELD' => [$cookies['MY_COOKIE'] => $cookies['MY_COOKIE']]]);         }     } }

I need to check a checkbox on an exposed filter for a view based on the url. I can't seem to figure out how to do that. If x is detected in the url, I want to set one of the fields of an exposed filter to have the status checked="checked." It seems like that would be pretty easy, but I can't seem to figure it out.  I have tried various ways through:   hook_views_pre_view() hook_views_pre_build() hook_form_views_exposed_form_alter() (I feel like this should be the best way.)   I've found that I can effectively alter the results through hook_views_pre_view(), but I can't figure out how to check that freaking checkbox on the exposed filter.  Varioush failed attempts via hook_form_alter():   $form["field_intended_use_target_id"]["#default_value"] = ['357']; $form_state->input["field_intended_use_target_id"][356] = '356'; $form['field_intended_use_target_id']['widget'][0]['value']['#default_value'] = ['357'];   Can anyone please help?


I have this disk partition layout - with 2 working W10 OS's. One on the 40GB partition and one on the 400GB partition. I want to use the additional 34GB in the OS on the 40GB partition.  I dont mind reinstalling the OS on the 40GB disk, but want to keep the 400GB W10 OS intact.  Is this possible somehow?

I have 1TB hard disk drive where 700GB is reserved for my personal files. Remaining space is for Windows 8.1. Problem is that Windows 8.1 with their 4 partitions is at end of disk, so I can't extend space for Windows partition.    I tried two partition apps, but none of these apps can't move EFI System partition, so I also can't move Reserved parition (Other) and my Windows partition. First of all I tried to create System Backup Image, but this just recover all partition to same sectors. Maybe there is some tricks that allow me to choose where recover Windows from System Backup Image?


When someone edits a posting, can they simply edit it?  Why do they have to mark it with "Edit:".  Authors of books don't do this.  Postings would read a lot smoother and look more permanent, if they didn't include "Edit:" all over the place.  If I want to see the edit history, it is available.

I often see questions edited into this form:     Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet blah blah blah paragraph paragraph original question.            UPDATE: The Lorem disappeared and left this message: "new information".   I find this format unaesthetic (since Stack Exchange posts are supposed to be useful in the long term and update boundaries are artifacts of the creation rather than the content) and feel that new information should, whenever possible, be incorporated into the original text “as if it had always been that way” if practical, and pointing out an update should be done mostly in comments.  Is this an appropriate writing style, and if so under what circumstances? If not, should it be removed or discouraged?


I'm trying to write a matrix (2d list) transpose function for fun, and while working on it I came across this very weird behavior. To me the following functions are pretty much identical (except the other has hard-coded the form of the resulting new list).  def transpose1(mat):     new = [[None] * len(mat)] * len(mat[0])      print("input1:", mat)     print("new1:", new)      for j, line in enumerate(mat):         for i, elem in enumerate(line):             new[i][j] = mat[j][i]      return new   def transpose2(mat):     # only line that differs, but still when     # printing 'new' they seem identical     new = [[None, None], [None, None], [None, None]]      print("input2:", mat)     print("new2:", new)      for j, line in enumerate(mat):         for i, elem in enumerate(line):             new[i][j] = mat[j][i]      return new   mat = [[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]  print("result1:", transpose1(mat)) print() print("result2:", transpose2(mat))      Output:  input1: [[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] new1: [[None, None], [None, None], [None, None]] result1: [[6, 9], [6, 9], [6, 9]]  input2: [[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] new2: [[None, None], [None, None], [None, None]] result2: [[4, 7], [5, 8], [6, 9]]    I just don't understand what difference can the declaration of the new lists make to the output. Why does the transpose1 function give the wrong result, even though the intermediate new list looks identical in both cases and the rest of the code is the same?

I needed to create a list of lists in Python, so I typed the following: my_list = [[1] * 4] * 3  The list looked like this: [[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]    Then I changed one of the innermost values: my_list[0][0] = 5  Now my list looks like this: [[5, 1, 1, 1], [5, 1, 1, 1], [5, 1, 1, 1]]    which is not what I wanted or expected. Can someone please explain what's going on, and how to get around it?


If you find "Free Vectors" online and change the color scheme or tweak it a little and then used it for commercial use would that still be grounds for violation of copyright?

I freelance, but I'm still green in some areas and Copyright is one of them. I know about using/purchasing stock and all that, I have accounts on all the stock sites, but I created a design, which resulted in some issues.The design had some copyrighted material and here's where I'm confused.   My design is complete vector based. I either made my own vector from an image, or I used a Photoshop brush. I was once told that a loophole with using images was that if you make a brush out of an image and create that image using a brush, it's considered a tool and there's technically no copyright. This could be wrong information, or maybe it doesn't apply to certain imagery. I downloaded a brush set that doesn't have any copyright restrictions attached to it and used that to create some of my images that are an issue. So my question is, if I create my own vector or use a brush of an image, let's say Mickey Mouse, could that still create copyright issues?      My next question is fonts. Can words be copyrighted? Some of the issues in my design were words and I understand the issue was probably related to the LOOK of the words, but if I find a font (one free font I found looked similar) can I use this without any issue?  Any help would be appreciated. I haven't had to worry about copyright before, until this project and it confuses me so much!


My school is taking some donated laptops from the United States on a mission trip to Peru. These computers are all running Windows Vista Business in English. We need to switch these computers to use Spanish. I have not been successful in installing the Spanish Language Interface Pack (LIP), and according to , it looks like even the Spanish LIP might require Windows Vista Ultimate.  Is there a way to switch these computers to Spanish on Windows Vista Business edition?

When I went over to Russia, my host family bought me a laptop as a farewell present. It was all fine and dandy, but I really did prefer it if the language of the Start Menu and all other components was in English.  I am not sure if the OEM version of Windows Vista includes the English language UI, if I will need  to download and/or purchase a 'language pack', or if I will have to buy a brand new copy of Vista in English.  How can I change the system language in Windows Vista to English? Is there anything else I would need to purchase?


This as what I've been able to establish:  The use of "will" after "if" is legal only when any of the following conditions apply:   The "will" is used as a verb (equivalent to "want"), for example, "If you will". The "if" can be replaced with a "whether", for example, "I don't know if I will make it on time".   Is each of the two conditions above sufficient to make the use of "will" after "if" legal?  Are there any other cases that I've missed, which make the use of "will" after "if" legal?

Possible Duplicate:          Which one is correct?     option 1: If I go there, I can meet her   or     option 2: If I will go there, I can meet her   I clearly remember, was told by English (not American) teacher that "If", "When" cannot be used with "will" in the above context. Though, I have seen few people in US saying like option 2  I do know that "If I would go there, I could meet her" is correct (or at least, think so).


Third time asking this because the mods keep closing the question before I get any answers.  I'm new to StackExchange so forgive me if I'm somehow doing this wrong on the forum here. In my Object Properties tab, for ALL objects, in cycles render, there is no visibility tab.  This is the case when I have any object(s) selected, even if it has a material applied to it.  This is what I see:  I'm just trying to make the plane a shadow catcher.  That's all I'm trying to accomplish.  But nobody on Reddit can wrap their head around why I don't have the visibility dropdown here. My blender is bone-stock.  I just installed it a few days ago.  I haven't installed any plugins or mods or anything.  Haven't even adjusted my preferences. Does anybody have any ideas?  Mods, PLEASE leave this question up this time!!  Taking it down just because you think it's similar to another question when it isn't similar at all, isn't helping here! Thanks in advance everybody!

This particular blend file is messed up. I'm not sure what I did or pressed. If I open a new blend file everything works fine but in this one the materials tab is missing and the render properties is also missing some things. I don't want to start over my project. I have tried a day and a half to figure this out.


Find the maximum likelihood estimator(MLE) of $X_1,X_2,...,X_n\sim$ Unif $(-a,a)$.  I've tried using the likelihood function but end up getting $0$. I then tried $\max(|Xi|)$ but not sure if this is considered a maximum likelihood estimator.

Exercise :     Calculate a Maximum Likelihood Estimator for the model $X_1,\dots, X_n \; \sim U(-\theta,\theta)$.   Solution :  The distribution function $f(x)$ for the given Uniform model is :  $$f(x) = \begin{cases} 1/2\theta, \; \; -\theta \leq x \leq \theta \\ 0 \quad \; \; , \quad\text{elsewhere} \end{cases}$$  Thus, we can calculate the likelihood function as :  $$L(\theta)=\bigg(\frac{1}{2\theta}\bigg)^n\prod_{i=1}^n\mathbb I_{[-\theta,\theta]}(x_i)= \bigg(\frac{1}{2\theta}\bigg)^n\prod_{i=1}^n \mathbb I_{[0,\theta]}(|x_i|) $$  $$=$$  $$\bigg(\frac{1}{2\theta}\bigg)^n\prod_{i=1}^n \mathbb I_{[-\infty,\theta]}(|x_i|)\prod_{i=1}^n \mathbb I_{[0, +\infty]}(|x_i|)$$  $$=$$  $$\boxed{\bigg(\frac{1}{2\theta}\bigg)^n\prod_{i=1}^n \mathbb I_{[-\infty,\theta]}(\max|x_i|)}$$  Question : How does one derive the final expression in the box from the previous one ? I can't seem to comprehend how this is equal to the step before.  Other than that, to find the maximum likelihood estimator you need a $\theta$ sufficiently small but also $\max |x_i| \leq \theta$ which means that the MLE is : $\hat{\theta} = \max |x_i|$.


I have 2 tables (assume ID is the key) and used nested loop in my codes and it worked fine.  select * from table1 where table1.ID in  (select ID from table2 where status='ACTIVE')   The SQL above could be converted to Linq as below:  from a in table1 join b in table2 on a.ID == b.ID where b.status="ACTIVE" select a;   But now what I am looking for is the other half of the result.   select * from table1 where table1.ID NOT in  (select ID from table2 where status='ACTIVE')   Please note the "NOT" in the statement above.    Can any one help?

Can LINQ to SQL query using NOT IN?   e.g., SELECT au_lname, state FROM authors WHERE state NOT IN ('CA', 'IN', 'MD')


I'm designing some backdrops for a play using Illustrator, the printed dimensions are 18m x 11m.  What size should I make the document so that it looks clear but isn't a huge file size?

For wall-sized graphics and large banners (e.g. 3m × 5m), what is an acceptable PPI for print? As I understand it 300 ppi is the typical for 'small' artworks (esp. for clean text resolution). However, for small artworks, the audience usually engages at a much closer distance. Therefore, in the interests of keeping a bitmap file down to a reasonable size, can you get away with a much-reduced PPI for a large format/banner print?


Look at this code:  foreach (string t in tar) {     for (int i = 0; i < Program.CountAccount; i++) {         Program.log("Лайк " + t);         int ind = i;         ts[ind] = new Task(delegate {         MessageBox.Show(             //cooks[Index]             Program.browsers[ind].CookieContainer.GetCookies(new Uri("http://m.ok.ru/")).Count.ToString(), "count");         Program.browsers[ind].Liking(t);     }); ts[ind].Start();   The cookie is empty, if I not use int IND.  Why i need to use IND? Without it logic breaks (cookie in my browser is empty in new thread), I met this bug a lot of times, solution is to use an additional variable, but can you tell me, what I'm doing wrong, why for(i[0-N]) can't access static object MyClient browsers[i]?

I met an interesting issue about C#. I have code like below.  List<Func<int>> actions = new List<Func<int>>();  int variable = 0; while (variable < 5) {     actions.Add(() => variable * 2);     ++ variable; }  foreach (var act in actions) {     Console.WriteLine(act.Invoke()); }   I expect it to output 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. However, it actually outputs five 10s.  It seems that it is due to all actions referring to one captured variable. As a result, when they get invoked, they all have same output.  Is there a way to work round this limit to have each action instance have its own captured variable?


I know this is biblical, my question is whether this is correct or not. Can it be used in modern day? Example : Much like our lives, only by dedicating undivided attention to our people can we teach ...

Given this sentence,     Disease occurs only when the virus introduces its nucleic acid into a cell.   Is the following inversion grammatical?      → Only when the virus introduces its nucleic acid into a cell does disease occur.   Especially the "does disease occur" part.  I think that "occurs disease " is right. Can you explain a rule about this kind of sentence?


In his latest Fermilab video, Dr. Don Lincoln :     (...) even though we shrunk the visible universe down to tiny size, the number line is still infinite. That means that, even when the universe began, it might have already started out to be infinite in size. So that's kind of a mind-blower.   Consider my mind blown.  I always thought that even if beyond the observable[a] is at least 500x bigger (according to the same video), shrinking the universe as a whole would equally shrink the farthest regions to the same point[b] (the farthest out, the bigger the shrink for a given duration).  I presume it's because there's no supporting data (is that correct?), even if it is a logical deduction. But suppose the universe indeed was already infinite before/at/after the Big Bang, then what is our current understanding of what the observable universe had expanded into – space expanding into space?[c]    [a] Is there a better name for it? I couldn't find one. [b] I understand it's not a center, but anywhere can be that point. [c] If the beyond the observable didn't share that point, and it isn't known for sure, then equally it isn't known for sure there was nothing, what implications does that have or what is known about that?

TV documentaries invariably show the Big Bang as an exploding ball of fire expanding outwards. Did the Big Bang really explode outwards from a point like this? If not, what did happen?


I want to call my generic method with a given type object.  void Foo(Type t) {      MyGenericMethod<t>(); }   obviously doesn't work.  How can I make it work?

What's the best way to call a generic method when the type parameter isn't known at compile time, but instead is obtained dynamically at runtime?  Consider the following sample code - inside the Example() method, what's the most concise way to invoke GenericMethod<T>() using the Type stored in the myType variable?  public class Sample {     public void Example(string typeName)     {         Type myType = FindType(typeName);          // What goes here to call GenericMethod<T>()?         GenericMethod<myType>(); // This doesn't work          // What changes to call StaticMethod<T>()?         Sample.StaticMethod<myType>(); // This also doesn't work     }      public void GenericMethod<T>()     {         // ...     }      public static void StaticMethod<T>()     {         //...     } }


Hi I'm trying to create a simple calculator website, and I'm trying to manipulate the DOM to display an updating equation, but it won't add the child to the display container.  HTML:

   In the Javascript, I have the following code to add an element to the "display" div:  JAVASCRIPT:  const display = document.querySelector("#display");  var eqnDisp = document.createElement("p"); eqnDisp.classList.add("eqnDisp"); eqnDisp.textContent = "DISPLAY SOMETHING"; display.appendChild(eqnDisp);   Am I missing a line? I have the exact code for another page and it works but not here.

What characters/symbols are allowed within the CSS class selectors? I know that the following characters are invalid, but what characters are valid?  ~ ! @ $ % ^ & * ( ) + = , . / ' ; : " ? > < [ ] \ { } | ` #


I am using some code recommended by the editor of a journal.  However, the \renewcommand line for \thesubsection and \thesubsubsection seems to be causing a problem with the cross-referencing function \ref.  When I reference a subsection (e.g., 'II.A') it only displays "A" or a subsubsection (e.g., 'II.A.1') I just get "1".  Is there a way to fix this code so that it properly references the subsections with the section number included.  \documentclass[12pt, titlepage, reqno]{article}  %load packages \usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry} %overwrites 1.5" default margins   from    article class \usepackage{graphicx}% Include figure files \usepackage{dcolumn}% Align table columns on decimal point \usepackage{amssymb,amsmath,amsfonts}% popular packages from the American Mathematical Society \usepackage{bm}% Bold Math package \usepackage{array} \usepackage{color} %colored text \usepackage{float} \usepackage{setspace} \usepackage[super,comma,sort,compress]{natbib} \usepackage{latexsym} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{enumerate} \usepackage{titlesec} %for formatting section titles %\usepackage{appendix}   %% SECTION TITLE FORMATTING \renewcommand{\thesection}{\Roman{section}} %numbering \titleformat{\section}   {\normalfont \bfseries \raggedright \uppercase}   {\thesection.} %numbering   {0.5em}{}  \renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\Alph{subsection}} %numbering \titleformat{\subsection}   {\normalfont \bfseries \raggedright}   {\thesubsection.} %numbering   {1em}{}  \renewcommand{\thesubsubsection}{\arabic{subsubsection}} %numbering \titleformat{\subsubsection}   {\normalfont \bfseries \itshape \raggedright}   {\thesubsubsection.} %numbering   {1em}{}

I have a document divided into \part \chapter \section and \subsection. I have 3 parts and in each part I reset all the counters.  I want that, when I do a crossref to something that is in the 1st part, chapter 3 and section 5, that LaTeX prints something like I-3.5, but  I don't want that in the tableofcontents part that LaTeX prints the part number. For example, what I want is:     Part I      chapter 1 section 1.1 section 1.2      chapter 2   AND NOT     chapter I-1 section I-1.1 section I-1.2      chapter I-2   The command that I've tried   \renewcommand{\thechapter}{\thepart-\arabic{chapter}} \renewcommand{\thesection}{\thechapter.\arabic{section}}   does exactly what I've said  Can anyone help me?


When we talk about vector spaces(or groups, rings,fields... ), we talk about the uniqueness of identity and for every element a unique inverse being present. Now, what if the identity is not unique? Can two identities exist and lead to formation of one vector space?

During an exam I tried to prove that the identity element of group (G.•) is unique. I approached this way:  Suppose there are two identity elements $e_1$ and $e_2$. Then:  $a^{-1}•a=e_1$  $a^{-1}•a=e_2$  $e_1=e_2$  What are the potential flaws in my proof?


I can't find a program I wanted from the software centre, so had to download a tar file, but it wont install. Do I have to have a degree in physics or coding just to get it to install? I can't understand why a mouse click wont start the install process? I've tried to figure out the 'compile' etc commands, but I can't do it. Thanks

I have downloaded tar.gz files. But I don't know how to install it. How do I install this kind of file?


This is also a basic combinatorics question, but I don't understand part of its solution. We have a King, a Queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops and 2 knights (each of the last three pieces are identical, i.e. both bishops are of the same color, etc).   In how many ways can we arrange them in one line of the chessboard so that knights are on squares of different colours and the King is between two rooks. The rest is 'don't care'.  Knights are easy - $4 \cdot 4$. I'm confused about the rook/king/rook part. Why is it $\binom{6}{3}$? How does it account for the fact that the King is strictly $between$ the rooks? If I needed to allocate the pieces rook/rook/king or king/rook/rook, would it be $2 \binom{6}{3}$ then? If I had three rooks instead, would it still be $\binom{6}{3}$?   The rest is of course $3 \cdot 1$.  I realize the question is quite basic, but I seriously can't make my head around this rook/king/rook allocation.

I came across a question yesterday about combinations, and I wanted to know what the correct answer was. The question states as follows:  There are 8 spaces that are alternately black and white. There is one king, one queen, two identical rooks, two identical bishops, and two identical knights. The king needs to be surrounded by the two rooks. Then, the two bishops can be put on any of the remaining spaces as long as one is on a black space and the other is on a white space. Finally, the queen and the knights can be placed anywhere in the remaining spaces in relation to the other pieces. How many possible arrangements are there considering these conditions?


I would like to instal latex on my android system(tablet)  Could you please show me  the link of free download   I search ffor those of minimum size

I used  app in my Android phone. But this app does not support XeLaTeX and requires an internet connection to be used.  Is there any distribution of TeX for Android? How I can install TeX on my Android phone?


My Windows 7 got infected with a seriouly bad virus, just because I disabled my anti-virus, so after I re-enabled it I tryed to fight of viruses by doing a start-up scan, but my anti-virus froze and got disabled by the viruse, and all system files also got infected. So I re-installed Windows 7 and now I don't see the Ubuntu boot loader and I don't know what to do. I don't want to have to re-install Ubuntu too.  I'm new to linux, I don't even know what grub is.

I installed Windows 7, which ate Ubuntu's boot file. When starting up the computer, it now goes straight to Windows, without giving me the option of booting Ubuntu.   How can I get Ubuntu back?


tried installing using wubi, CD and usb. Only the wubi and the cd was able to boot, but then a message popped up while verifying, failed to partition the selected disk and no root file system.  I want my pc to be just Ubuntu. Any help is appreciated.

I would like to see a full how-to guide on how to install Ubuntu.


Just got a notification that someone from a Wordpress site linked to an old article of mine. Upon investigation, I realized it was because a content scraper ripped off my StackOverflow question from here:   and put it up here:   Although I know content scraping questions have been asked before (i.e.: ), is the team actually monitoring this? TechForumNetwork.com obviously has failed the "attribution required" test. I do feel uncomfortable that my questions are being reposted with my username across the net without knowing the implications.

NB The following is a community-generated list of websites that republish Stack Exchange content without attributing it properly. It is no longer being maintained, because the procedure for reporting such sites has changed; see the duplicate for more information. There are a number of license-violating clones of Stack Exchange sites popping up that use Stack Exchange's  data without following our Creative Commons attribution terms. Those terms are , and are also included as a .txt file in every data dump we produce.  Google now has  in search results. Also, you can :  The option to block a site appears when you click a search result and then navigate back to the search results page. Click the "Block" link next to that result to block all pages within the site's entire domain.   This post was created as an attempt to organize information originally posted . You may also be looking for .


Suppose I have string to search "Sample String" and I have 100 tables in my database. I want to search if any of the table contains this string. Eg. If tlbSample contains string "Sample String" then it should show it.  I tried :-  SELECT name FROM sys.tables WHERE name LIKE '%Sample String%'   But no luck.  Please help me.

Given a number, how do I discover in what table and column it could be found within? I don't care if it's fast, it just needs to work.


My mouse has two other buttons which I think are referred to as button 4 and 5. Is there any way to configure these to trigger a keyboard shortcut like option delete for adobe premiere?

I recently bought a Logitech M560 mouse. It works fine on my Mac, but I wonder if there's a software/prefpane (free or paid) I can use to map the additional buttons I have on my mouse (i.e. to open dashboard, select line, etc...) Logitech at the moment offers no support for Mac for this model (I was aware of this when I bought the mouse)  Without any configuration the bottom side button works as "Add bookmark" in Chrome, so I think I can do something for this...


my son gave me a package of thighs that he had in his deep freezer for 5 years. will this be bad and what will it do to the taste.

How do I know if a given food or ingredient I have is still good, or if I should discard it?  How can I best preserve a food or ingredient?     This broad question is intended as a "general reference" question to quickly answer many how long will food keep for? questions. Please feel free to edit this question to expand and clarify as needed.


I have 2 dropdown menu. when i click on the first one the second one should display value related to the first choice. however when I select a the first one, i get this.     Error: Unknown column 'abc' in 'where clause'   below is my code. Can some one tell me what i am doing wrong. Thank you in advance.  <?php  include ('db_connect1.php');  $query_parent = mysqli_query($conn, "SELECT * FROM field") or die("Query failed: ".mysqli_error()); ?> <!doctype html>   <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Dependent DropDown List</title>      <form method="get"> Parent Category <select name="parent_cat" id="parent_cat">     <?php while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($query_parent)): ?>     <option value="<?php echo $row['field_name']; ?>"><?php echo    $row['field_name']; ?></option>     <?php endwhile; ?> </select>

  Sub Category <select name="sub_cat" id="sub_cat"></select> </form>    //loadsubcat.php <?php  include ('db_connect1.php');  $parent_cat = $_GET['parent_cat']; $test="SELECT * FROM courses WHERE field_id = {$parent_cat}"; $query = mysqli_query($conn,$test) or die ("Error: ".mysqli_error($conn)); while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($query)) { echo "<option value='$row[course_id]'>$row[course_name]</option>"; } ?>

If user input is inserted without modification into an SQL query, then the application becomes vulnerable to , like in the following example:  $unsafe_variable = $_POST['user_input'];   mysql_query("INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES ('$unsafe_variable')");   That's because the user can input something like value'); DROP TABLE table;--, and the query becomes:  INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES('value'); DROP TABLE table;--')   What can be done to prevent this from happening?


Consider the process of taking a series of numbers and constructing a new series consisting of the difference between consecutive terms, and repeating this until a constant is reached:  $$2,8,18,32,50\\6,10,14,18\\4,4,4$$  When this process is applied to sequences of the form $f(n) = n^a$, the constant reached seems to always be $a!$:  $$1,2,3\\1,1$$  $$1,4,9,16\\3,5,7\\2,2\\$$  $$1,8,27,64,125\\7,19,37,61\\12,18,24\\6,6$$  $$1,16,81,256,625,1296\\15,65,175,369,671\\50,110,194,302\\60,84,108\\24,24$$  Can it be proven?

The differences between adjacent squares are the odd numbers:  0 1 4 9 16 25 …  1 3 5 7  9 …  The differences between adjacent odd numbers are 2 = 2!  I found that this truth is more general: If the differences between adjacent powers of $n$ are written out, and the differences of those differences etc, the $(n+1)$th sequence is {n!, n!, …}  Is this a well-known theorem? Does it have an easy proof?


I want to create simple 3d shapes, cubes, cones, cylinders, etc. Which package is optimal for this operation? I have used tikz before, but I do not know how to use it for 3d images. Any recommended ways to do it?

I'm trying to draw some simple 3D objects in TikZ. I can do spheres and cuboids okay, but I'm struggling with circular cylinders: When rotating the scene (I use tikz-3dplot for this), the end faces have to be transformed from circles into ellipses. Using \draw ... circle; doesn't work, because a path defined like that will always stay circular. If I use \draw ... to ... to ... constructs with the in and out set to adequate values, I can "simulate" circles that transform slightly better: The "corner" points of the circle end up in the right place, but the in and out angles are not transformed appropriately.  What can I do to get "3D circles", i.e. circles that turn into ellipses when the 3D space is rotated?  Here's an example showing the problem:    \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{tikz-3dplot}  \begin{document}  \tdplotsetmaincoords{40}{20} \noindent The vertical cylinder walls\\ are not aligned properly \ldots  \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords] \draw (0,0) circle [radius=1cm]; \end{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords] \draw (1,0,2) -- (0,1,2) -- (-1,0,2) -- (0,-1,2) -- cycle     (-1,0,0) -- (0,-1,0) -- (0,-1,2) -- (-1,0,2) -- cycle     (1,0,2) -- (0,-1,2) -- (0,-1,0) -- (1,0,0) -- cycle; \end{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords] \draw [in=225, out=-45, relative] (0.5,0.5,2) to (-0.5,0.5,2) to (-0.5,-0.5,2) to (0.5,-0.5,2) to (0.5,0.5,2)     (0.5,0.5,0) to (-0.5,0.5,0) to (-0.5,-0.5,0) to (0.5,-0.5,0) to (0.5,0.5,0)     (0.5,0.5,2) -- (0.5,0.5,0)     (-0.5,-0.5,2) -- (-0.5,-0.5,0); \end{tikzpicture}  \tdplotsetrotatedcoords{40}{50}{-30}\vspace{0.5cm} \noindent\ldots and the support points\\don't get transformed correctly  \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_rotated_coords] \draw (0,0) circle [radius=1cm]; \end{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_rotated_coords] \draw  (1,0,2) -- (0,1,2) -- (-1,0,2) -- (0,-1,2) -- cycle     (-1,0,0) -- (0,-1,0) -- (0,-1,2) -- (-1,0,2) -- cycle     (1,0,2) -- (0,-1,2) -- (0,-1,0) -- (1,0,0) -- cycle; \end{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_rotated_coords] \draw [in=225, out=-45, relative] (0.5,0.5,2) to (-0.5,0.5,2) to (-0.5,-0.5,2) to (0.5,-0.5,2) to (0.5,0.5,2)     (0.5,0.5,0) to (-0.5,0.5,0) to (-0.5,-0.5,0) to (0.5,-0.5,0) to (0.5,0.5,0)     (0.5,-0.5,2) -- (0.5,-0.5,0)     (-0.5,0.5,2) -- (-0.5,0.5,0); \end{tikzpicture}  \end{document}


Okay, so I have this   and I can cut it so when I 3d print it I can take off the head and have something in side of it like an Arduino Uno and other stuff

I've just made a set of armor by using a male body mesh model I downloaded and selecting certain faces from the model and duplicating them to create viable armor pieces.   Since the pieces are just duplicated from the same mesh male model, then it's still part of the same object.   How do I separate the armor piece from the model to make the pieces separate?


I want to write a function in c which is able to print the array we created. However, there is a problem. When I want to create the loop I need to know the number of elements in the array. So, I used the sizeof function in order to fix that.   I wrote the line size = sizeof(list) / sizeof(list[0]); in order to get the size of the whole array and divide it to size of one element in order to get the number of elements in the array. However, when I build the code I get the following warning:     warning : 'sizeof' on array function parameter 'list' will return the size of 'int *'     #include <stdio.h>  void displayArray(int myarray[]);  int main() {     int list1[] = {0, 5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 5};     displayArray(list1);     return 0; }  void displayArray(int list[]) {     int size;     size = sizeof(list) / sizeof(list[0]);     printf("Your array is: ");     for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)     {          printf("%d ", list[i]);     }     printf("\n");     return; }

First off, here is some code:  int main()  {     int days[] = {1,2,3,4,5};     int *ptr = days;     printf("%u\n", sizeof(days));     printf("%u\n", sizeof(ptr));      return 0; }   Is there a way to find out the size of the array that ptr is pointing to (instead of just giving its size, which is four bytes on a 32-bit system)?


I am facing a binary classification problem that I don't know I should use more data or not. I have one label 'A' with 10 training examples. And another label 'B' with also 10 training examples. By feeding these 20 examples to a multi-layer perceptrons, I can obtain a model which performs well on the classification task of both label 'A' and 'B'. My question is that if I intentionally increase the number of training examples of label 'A' to 1000, will this move destroy the ability of the model to classify label 'B' since 10 training examples of label 'B' are enough to train a MLP model. Any insights and materails are welcomed.

We already had multiple questions about unbalanced data when using , , ,  and a number of other similar questions, what makes it a very popular topic! Unfortunately, each of the questions seems to be algorithm-specific and I didn't find any general guidelines for dealing with unbalanced data.  Quoting , dealing with unbalanced data     (...) heavily depends on the learning method. Most general purpose   approaches have one (or several) ways to deal with this.   But when exactly should we worry about unbalanced data? Which algorithms are mostly affected by it and which are able to deal with it? Which algorithms would need us to balance the data? I am aware that discussing each of the algorithms would be impossible on Q&A site like this, I am rather looking for a general guidelines on when it could be a problem.


I like to prep and freeze large amounts of soup at once but have come to understand that I probably have a food safety issue cooling them in my refrigerator.  I had been putting them is a cube shaped cambro, but have noticed that it takes way, way too long to get it down to 40°F.  My research turned up a lot of food safety strategies for commercial kitchens with a lot of equipment/space that I don't have.  What methods can a home cook use to get a large amount (say, ten quarts) of liquid down to safe temperatures in time?

I made a big pot of a very hot chicken soup. I put it in my small extra fridge at 11 PM, and it was still warm 9 hours later, at 8 AM.  Do I need to throw it away?


Can we create bandwidth limits for all users?  I want to share internet through my Ubuntu Server. Is this possible or not?

Is there an easy way to limit user bandwidth usage to say 10kpbs? Other users should not be affected. The best I've found is tc, but it seems way too complicated to do such a simple thing.


The problem is this: how many labeled unicyclic graphs are there, counted according to the number of vertices? So, for example, is the number of vertices is n, how many different labeled unicyclic graphs can be formed?  A unicyclic graph is a connected graph that contains exactly one cycle. In other words, it is a cycle of rooted trees.  I have tried to solve the problem in the following three ways, without success:   1) 1. The number of ways in which we can choose k vertices out of n vertices  2. The number of ways in which we can form a cycle out of said k vertices  3. The number of ways in which we can add the remaining n-k vertices to the vertices of the cycle without forming new cycles (so that every vertex of the cycle is a root of a tree) Then multiply the above numbers.  The problem with this approach is step #3. I don't know in his many ways the remaining n-k vertices can be added to the cycle.  2) 1. The number of ways in which n can be partitioned so that n=k_1k_2...+k_m (I think...) 2. For each unique partition, the number of ways in which k_i can be formed into a tree  3. The number of ways in which these trees can be formed into a cycle Then multiply the above numbers.  This seems like a really messy approach and I can't really get any of the steps right, except step #2.  3) Let us imagine one extra vertex inside the cycle. This vertex is connected to all the vertices in the cycle. In this way, the graph becomes a single tree. From n+1 vertices, we can form a labeled tree in (n+1)^(n-1) ways (formula from Wikipedia). However, the problem arises that we would have to eliminate the trees with only one or two branches at the top in order to guarantee that there is a cycle at the center when we remove the root vertex.

I have read this formula in a book for $c(k,k)$, the number of unicyclic connected graphs on $k$ vertices , i.e. $n=m=k$.  How can one prove it? It seems that it is iterating on the length of the cycle. In addition how to prove the approximation?  $$c(k,k)=\sum_{r=3}^n {n\choose r}\frac{(r-1)!}{2}rk^{k-r-1} \sim \frac{\pi}8k^{k-0.5}$$


Let John and I go is correct or not? Or should I use Let John and me go? Which one is correct and why? Here "I" is the subject pronoun and "me" is object pronoun. Above John and me/I is the subject of this sentence so I think John and I is correct. Please correct me if I'm wrong.

A question was asked in one of my friend's interview. The question was to determine the right form from the below sentences.     Q. Correct form of English:          Samuel was with Susan and I   Samuel was with Susan and me   Samuel was with I and Susan   Samuel was with me and Susan   None of these      Now I vaguely remember a rule of thumb from my school days. That is "2-3-1" i.e. where all the persons are acting in a sentence, second person comes first, then third person and it is followed by first person.  So according to this theory, 1 seems to be correct to me. Is this theory correct?


My clan can't do a war because people are ineligible. We don't know why they are.  I am a coleader and I'm trying to figure this out, we have 14 people in our clan and we do wars every day.  Why are our clan members ineligible?

I am currently in a clan with three members. When we tried to initiate a clan war it said we had insufficient clan requirements. Does anyone know what the full requirements are? Is there a minimum clan member requirement?


I'm trying to connect the phone lines in my new home. I have 2 lines given by my phone provider arriving downstairs in the apartment:  Then I have 2 RJ11 cables plugged into to the connections shown above which send the lines upstairs. However upstairs no connection has been made, I just have the 2 line cables. This is the connection I bought:  Now here are my questions: Q1: Do you confirm that on the above pictures, holes 1-8 at the top are for the left-hand connection, and holes 1-8 at the bottom are for the right-hand connection? Q2: Do I need to connect my white/blue wires back into the same holes, or do I need to change their position somehow? FYI If I connect my modem directly to either of the connections shown in 1st picture, my internet works, so I know those lines are good :)


this integral: $$\int_0^{+\infty}\frac{\sin x}{x}\text{d}x=\frac{\pi}{2}$$ is very famous and had been discussed in the past days in this forum. and I have learned some elegant way to computer it. for example: using the identity: $\int_0^{+\infty}e^{-xy}\sin x\text{d}x=\frac{1}{1+y^2}$ and $\int_0^{\infty}\int_0^{\infty}e^{-xy}\sin x\text{d}y\text{d}x$ and Fubini theorem. the link is here: In this post, I want to discuss another way to computer it. since$$\int_0^{+\infty}\frac{\sin x}{x}\text{d}x=\frac{1}{2i}\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\frac{e^{ix}-1}{x}\text{d}x$$ this fact inspire me to consider the complex integral:$$\int_{\Gamma}\frac{e^{iz}-1}{z}\text{d}z$$  and $\Gamma$ is the red path in the above figure, with counter-clockwise orientation, by Cauchy's theorem, we have $$\int_{\Gamma}\frac{e^{iz}-1}{z}\text{d}z=0$$ the above integral can be written as:$$\int_{-R}^{-\epsilon}\frac{e^{ix}-1}{x}\text{d}x+\int_{\Gamma_{\epsilon}}\frac{e^{iz}-1}{z}\text{d}z+\int_{\epsilon}^{R}\frac{e^{ix}-1}{x}\text{d}x+\int_{\Gamma_{R}}\frac{e^{iz}-1}{z}\text{d}z$$ Let $R\rightarrow +\infty$ and $\epsilon \rightarrow 0$, we have: $$\int_{-R}^{-\epsilon}\frac{e^{ix}-1}{x}\text{d}x+\int_{\epsilon}^{R}\frac{e^{ix}-1}{x}\text{d}x \rightarrow \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\frac{e^{ix}-1}{x}\text{d}x=2i\int_0^{+\infty}\frac{\sin x}{x}\text{d}x$$ and $$\int_{\Gamma_{\epsilon}}\frac{e^{iz}-1}{z}\text{d}z=\int_\pi^0\frac{e^{i\epsilon e^{i\theta}}-1}{\epsilon e^{i\theta}}i\epsilon e^{i\theta}\text{d}\theta=i\int_\pi^0(\cos(\epsilon e^{i\theta})+i\sin(\epsilon e^{i\theta})-1)\text{d}\theta \rightarrow 0$$ as $\epsilon \rightarrow 0$ so I am expecting that:$$\int_{\Gamma_{R}}\frac{e^{iz}-1}{z}\text{d}z=-i\pi$$ when $$R \rightarrow +\infty$$ but I can't find it. Could you help me? Thanks very much.

A famous exercise which one encounters while doing Complex Analysis (Residue theory) is to prove that the given integral: $$\int\limits_0^\infty \frac{\sin x} x \,\mathrm  dx = \frac \pi 2$$ Well, can anyone prove this without using Residue theory?  I actually thought of using the series representation of $\sin x$: $$\int\limits_0^\infty \frac{\sin x} x \, dx = \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \int\limits_0^n \frac{1}{t} \left( t - \frac{t^3}{3!} + \frac{t^5}{5!} + \cdots \right) \,\mathrm  dt$$ but I don't see how $\pi$ comes here, since we need the answer to be equal to $\dfrac{\pi}{2}$.


I partially cooked a beef casserole this morning (about 8am) and left it in the oven to finish cooking between 4pm and 6pm tonight.  Is this going to be OK? or will I make my family ill?

If I left food out of the refrigerator for some period of time, is it still safe? If I left it out too long, can I salvage it by cooking it more?


If $X$ is limit point compact, i.e., every infinite subset of $X$ has a limit point in $X$,  and $f:$ $X\mapsto Y$ is continuous function, is $f(X)$ limit point compact?.

I'm looking for proof verification/help for the title question. Here is what I have now: Let $f:X \rightarrow Y$ be continuous with $X$ limit point compact. Let $V$ be an infinite subset of $f(X)$. Then we also have that $f^{-1}(V)$ is also an infinite subset of $X$. Since $X$ is limit point compact there is $x \in X$ such that $x$ is a limit point of $f^{-1}(V)$. Then $x \in \overline{f^{-1}(V)}$ by definition of the closure. Hence since $f$ is continuous, $$ f(x) \in f(\overline{f^{-1}(V)}) \subseteq \overline{f(f^{-1}(V))} \subseteq \overline{V} $$ Then since $f(x) \in \overline{V}$, it is either a limit point of $V$ or an element of $V$. However since is infinite, any neighborhood of $f(x)$ will contain infinitely many points of $V$ in either case. Thus $V$ has a limit point and $f(X)$ is limit point compact.


The number   $$\text{cis}75^\circ + \text{cis}83^\circ + \text{cis}91^\circ + \dots + \text{cis}147^\circ$$ is expressed in the form $r \, \text{cis } \theta,$ where $0 \le \theta < 360^\circ$. Find a value of $\theta$ in degrees.   I have no idea on how to deal with sequences in any way shape or form, so I am totally lost on this problem! Please help!

The number $\operatorname{cis} 75 + \operatorname{cis} 83 + \operatorname{cis} 91 +\dots+ \operatorname{cis} 147$ is expressed in the form $r\operatorname{cis}(\theta)$, where $0\leq \theta< 360$.    Find $\theta$ in degrees   I'm having major trouble with this problem.


I'm using LaTeX to render a set of custom glyphs. Each glyph is perfectly rectangular, at a 3.5 x 5 aspect ratio, and they're defined something like this (the following example just lines the borders of the glyph):  \newcommand\glyph[1][1]{%   \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.1]     \draw[lightgray] (0,0) to (0,4);     \draw[lightgray] (0,0) to (3,0);     \draw[lightgray] (3,0) to (3,4);     \draw[lightgray] (0,4) to (3,4);   \end{tikzpicture}% }   Each glyph is rendering correctly. When I invoke them in text:  \begin{document} \glyph\glyph\glyph\glyph \end{document}   I get some decently-kerned glyphs:    However, this isn't enough. I'd like to get the gap between characters down to a couple of pixels, if possible. How would I go about this?

I have been working on logo for my department and I have the following code. The problem is that whenever I compile the diagram seems to be larger than the actual logo. I do not know what is the problem. I know the numbers I have selected are not the best but any insights into the matter will be highly appreciated.   \documentclass[letterpaper]{article}  \usepackage[top=2cm,bottom=2cm,left=2cm,right=2cm]{geometry}  %\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,units}  %\usepackage{enumitem,multicol}  \usepackage{tikz}  %\usetikzlibrary{arrows}  \usepackage{lipsum}   \begin{document}   \lipsum[1-2]  \begin{tikzpicture}[y=0.80pt, x=0.8pt,yscale=-1]  \path[draw=black,fill=white]    (258.9527,290.5199) .. controls (173.9885,538.4766) and (568.5860,261.2969) ..    (306.5098,257.1141) .. controls (44.4337,252.9312) and (429.9845,542.5624) ..    (352.9767,292.0206) .. controls (275.9689,41.4788) and (119.6549,497.6604) ..    (334.1376,346.9999) .. controls (548.6203,196.3394) and (66.4622,188.6439) ..    (276.0276,346.0724) .. controls (485.5930,503.5010) and (343.9169,42.5633) ..    (258.9527,290.5199) -- cycle;  \end{tikzpicture}  \lipsum[1-2]  \end{document}    See image below:


When trying to install anything:    You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies:  colord : Depends: libsane (>= 1.0.11-3) but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).   I tried running apt-get -f install and apt-get install libsane with no luck.

Occasionally, when I'm installing stuff, I get an error like the following:  Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation:  The following packages have unmet dependencies:  package1 : Depends: package2 (>= 1.8) but 1.7.5-1ubuntu1 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.   How can I resolve this?


I want the user name(txtusername) entered in login form to be available in other forms(say form2) too so that i can use them in cmd.parameters.addwithvalue("@last_updated_user",txtusername.text); along with other parameters (textbox values) in form2. latest cost update

First off, this is a question about a desktop application using Windows Forms, not an  question.  I need to interact with controls on other forms. I am trying to access the controls by using, for example, the following...  otherForm.Controls["nameOfControl"].Visible = false;   It doesn't work the way I would expect. I end up with an exception thrown from Main. However, if I make the controls public instead of private, I can then access them directly, as so...  otherForm.nameOfControl.Visible = false;   But is that the best way to do it? Is making the controls public on the other form considered "best practice"? Is there a "better" way to access controls on another form?  Further Explanation:  This is actually a sort of follow-up to another question I asked, . The answer I got was great and solved many, many organizational problems I was having in terms of keeping the UI straight and easy to work with both in run-time and design-time. However, it did bring up this one niggling issue of easily controlling other aspects of the interface.  Basically, I have a root form that instantiates a lot of other forms that sit in a panel on the root form. So, for instance, a radio button on one of those sub-forms might need to alter the state of a status strip icon on the main, root form. In that case, I need the sub-form to talk to the control in the status strip of the parent (root) form. (I hope that makes sense, not in a "who's on first" kind of way.)