I have recently applied for a UK Vusitor Visa for my parents who live in India and it got rejected. My parents are retired and I was going to sponsor their whole trip to UK for 3 months which I have mentioned clearly on the Invitation letter and Sponsorship letter stating my Salary, payslips and UK bank statements from my side. As for my parents' financial proof, I have added their bank statements with balance around £4.4k and a letter by Chartered Accountant, stating the property, fixed deposit and assets worth £33K ( which I think got completely neglected by the ECO). I have got the rejection with below points:  ******************** Letter *****************     The decision      I have refused your application for a visit visa because I am not   satisfied that you meet requirements of paragraph 4 2 of Appendix V   Immigration Rules for Visitors because:-       1.You have applied to travel to the UK alongside your wife for three months to visit your son i have taken into account that you have   provided details of your sponsor's financial and living circumstances   in the United Kingdom and l am very aware of the importance of family   visits and the significance which should be afforded to maintaining   family links, however, it is your circumstances as the applicant which   is of most importance.       2.You have stated on your application form that you and your wife are both retired. You have not stated in your application form or   presented documentation to suggest that you are in receipt of any   regular income. You have estimated the personal cost of this visit at   £2,000 To demonstrate your financial circumstances you have provided   an Indian Bank statement, account ending ******5190, which shows a   closing balance of Rs.360,450 (£4,291). You therefore propose to spend   over half of your savings on this visit to the UK. Given your   financial circumstances as outlined above, and that you have not   demonstrated any income, I am not satisfied that this proposed   expenditure is credible.       3.I have also considered the pattern of deposits into your bank account. I note that in the month of February 2017, this account   received a number of deposits totalling Rs.200,190 (£2,383). I am   unable to confirm from the documents submitted the origin of these   funds.      4.In light of all of the above I am not satisfied as to your intentions in wishing to travel to the United Kingdom or that you will   leave the UK at the end of your visit. Furthermore, I am not satisfied   that you have sufficient funds available to cover your costs whilst in   the UK without working or accessing public funds Your application for   a visit visa has been refused under paragraph V4.2 (a) (e)   I am considering reapplying for the Visa, but I wanted to clarify below doubts? So, can you please guide me on the below points based on their experience?  Questions  :  For point 2:  a. As my parents are retired they dont have a regular income - how should I respond to this question? b. For spending half of the amount - We can dissolve one of the properties worth 15 lakh and provide the proof of same - will that work?  For Point 3 : Also, I keep on sending money to them, is it fine to state that in my next application?  Thanks in Advance Sunny

Many of the UK visa refusals we see here share a common pattern and the prevailing reasons refer to V 4.2 (a) and (c).    I do understand that, while the applicants may describe very different individual circumstances, there's a consistent pattern and, broadly, fall into specific categories:    Credibility (lifestyle, lack of ties, visit history, lies & omissions) Funding (insufficient funds, provenance of funds, funds parking) Sponsorship (family, friends, employer)   Question: What most commonly triggers a UK visa refusal where V 4.2 (a) and (c) are given as the grounds?  Secondarily: Given that there is a clear pattern, to what extent are these refusals predictable? Does sponsorship make a difference? Is there a set of personal circumstances, however abstract, where a refusal is all but guaranteed? For example, why do those we see here on TSE who sought entry for the PLAB or British Army appear to be refused with a common theme? Is there a uniform shortcoming or is it just discrimination?   PLAB: What is about applications for a visa, for the purpose of sitting the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) exam, that seem to invite refusals. After all, the test is given so that international medical graduates can show that they qualify to practise medicine in the UK. The first part, PLAB 1, can be taken in centres outside of the UK. However, PLAB 2 can be taken only in the UK. Why can't you can't get a visa just to sit the exam, promising that you'll leave immediately after?    British Army: Since Commonwealth citizens are eligible to apply online to join, even those who don't reside in the UK, why is it so difficult to get a visa just to attend an interview to see whether you are suitable? Even with an invitation from the Army, such visa applications seem to be unsuccessful. Isn't a career in the British Army a valid reason?     Lastly:  After such a refusal, what approaches would increase the chance of a successful application?


Let $D = \{(x,y)\in \mathbb{R}^2: x^2 + y^2 ≤ 1 \}$. Let $A \subset \mathrm{int}D$. Let $A$ be connected and compact and let $D \setminus A$ be connected. Let $f:A \longrightarrow A$ be a continuous function and let $g:D \longrightarrow D$ be also continuous function such that $g_{|A} = f$.$\\$ Does it imply that there exists $x \in \mathrm{int}D$ such that $g(x)=x$?

Let $D = \{(x,y)\in \mathbb{R}^2: x^2 + y^2 \leq 1 \}$. Let $A \subset \mathrm{int}D$. Let $A$ be connected and compact and let $D \setminus A$ be connected. Let $f:A \longrightarrow A$ be a continuous function and let $g:D \longrightarrow D$ be also continuous function such that $g_{|A} = f$.$\\$ Does it imply that there exists $x \in \mathrm{int}D$ such that $g(x)=x$?


For the last week I haven't been able to get more than one Fairy to spawn at fountains. It seems the game thinks I already have fairies in my inventory, but I don't. I'm trying to stock up to make fighting the Thunderblight Ganon a little easier.

I currently have 3 Fairies that I got from a Great Fairy Fountain. However, I've since opened up two other Great Fairy Fountains and neither of those had fairies around them. I've been playing quite a while and I haven't had them respawn at the first great Fairy Fountain either.


There is @-sign in front of my raspbian-bash-prompt (headless) which I can't determine where it is coming from.  $ ssh pi@raspberrypi Linux raspberrypi 4.14.98+ #1200 Tue Feb 12 20:11:02 GMT 2019 armv6l (...) @pi@raspberrypi:~$ bash --version GNU bash, version 4.4.12(1)-release (arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf) (...) @pi@raspberrypi:~ $ echo $PS1 \[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w \$\[\033[00m\]   It seems only to be there for the user pi and seems not to be part of the $PS1 variable, but it vanishes when i unset the variable.  @pi@raspberrypi:~ $ unset PS1 export PS1="prompt> " @prompt> sudo su - lisa lisa@raspberrypi:~ $ exit logout @prompt>     I temporarily (re)moved .profile, .bashrc, /etc/profile and /etc/bash.bashrc with the expected result except of the still leading @-sign  @-bash-4.4$     Another wild guess was, that it has to do with if I'm using an SSH-Key-File or if the user is part of the sudo group (because both is only the case for my pi user), but that's also not the case. This raspbian-installation is in use for a couple of years and I played a lot around with it, so it is definitly possible that it has to do with something I changed.

As of late, and without my deliberately doing anything to make it happen, my Bash prompt has an  (i.e. @) prepended to it. This did not previously happen. Nor can I see anything in my ~/.bashrc that seems as though it ought to be making this happen.  This is on Debian Jessie GNU/Linux, using GNU Bash.  For example, my current Bash sessions look like this:  @sampablokuper@debianbox:~$ python3 Python 3.4.2 (default, Oct  8 2014, 13:14:40)  [GCC 4.9.1] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. @>>> 1+2 3 @>>> exit() @sampablokuper@debianbox:~$    whereas originally, they would have looked like this:  sampablokuper@debianbox:~$ python3 Python 3.4.2 (default, Oct  8 2014, 13:14:40)  [GCC 4.9.1] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> 1+2 3 >>> exit() sampablokuper@debianbox:~$    Here are all the lines from my ~/.bashrc that appear to in any way relate to the Bash prompt:  # set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below) if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then     debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot) fi  # set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color) case "$TERM" in     xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;; esac  # uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned # off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window # should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt #force_color_prompt=yes  if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then     if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then         # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48         # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such         # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)         color_prompt=yes     else         color_prompt=     fi fi  if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then     PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ ' else     PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ ' fi unset color_prompt force_color_prompt  # If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir case "$TERM" in xterm*|rxvt*)     PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"     ;; *)     ;; esac   How can I get my Bash prompt to appear as it did originally?


Take an Abelian group G, and let $g,h \in G$ with $o(g) = x$ and $o(h) = y$, prove that if $x,y$ are coprime, then $o(gh) = xy$  (o(g) denotes the smallest integer x s.t. $g^x = e$)  My (bad) attempt:  since $o(g) = x$ then $o(g) | x$, similar $o(h) | y$  Now let $o(gh) = k$ for some integer k,  then since $x,y$ are coprime $o(g) | o(h)o(gh)$ implies $o(g) | o(gh)$, similarly $o(h) | o(gh)$ i.e. $k = z_1 x$ and $k = z_2 y$, so the only way for this to be possible is if $z_1 = y$ and $z_2 = x$ and we're done  is this the right approach? Could someone correct me somewhere? Also, why does G have to be Abelian?

Prove if $\operatorname{ord}(a)=m$, $\operatorname{ord}(b)=n$, and $\operatorname{gcd}(m,n)=1$, then $\operatorname{ord}(ab)=mn$.   I was reading this and was thinking how this proof would look like. I tried to do it and am not sure if this is correct. Here is what I did:  If $a$ and $b$ commute then $(ab)^{mn} = a^{mn} * b^{mn} = (a^m)^n * (b^n)^m = 1 * 1 = 1.$ So $ord(ab) | mn$.  Now, take $k = \operatorname{ord}(ab) = m^\prime * n^\prime$ where m' is relatively prime with $n$ and $n'$ is relatively prime with $m$. By the result above $m' | m$ and $n' | n$. Now we have $((ab)^k)^{m/m'} = 1$ since $(ab)^k=1$. But on the other hand, by the commutativity:  $$((ab)^k)^(m/m') =$$  $$((ab)^(m' * n'))^(m/m') =$$  $$ a^{n'm} * b^{n'm} = $$  $$(a^m)^{n'} * b^{n'm'}=$$  $$b^{n'm'} = 1$$  This implies that $n' * m'$ is divisible by $n$. But $m'$ is relatively prime with $n$, so we must have $n' = n.$ By symmetry, $m' = m$. So $ord(ab) = mn$.  Just to say this again, I want to prove if $a$ and $b$ commute and $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime then   $$ord(ab)=mn.$$   The comments are vague. I guess this must be the answer then and there probably is not another way to do this.


At   It states one side-effect of migration is:   The question is left as a stub, or pathway to the new site, for 30 days, after which it is automatically deleted (again, this causes a reversal of all associated reputation on the origin site).   Does deletion then cause the original link to the question to become dead links, or are they permalinks in perpetuity?   seems to imply it might.

What happens to links to a question from another post when the question linked is migrated? Will they be broken? Or will they point to the migrated question?  This  about links to deleted questions say that links to deleted question remain broken. Is it the same case for migrated questions too?  What is the Etiquette on linking to SE questions, to avoid broken links?


I know the limit definition of a derivative. And I read at the end that if the limit exist then we say that function is differentiable  and this existing limit is denoted by  $\dfrac{d}{dx}$ . so we say that $\dfrac{d}{dx}$ is a notation.  But during my graduation , in many proof of some theorems we do a step  as  Say.....  $\dfrac{d(f(x))}{dx} = g(x)$  Then multiply both sides by $dx$ we get... $d(f(x))= g(x)d(x)$  My question is that how we do this step....  Then i  read total derivative of a function and  it help me little bit .but don't understand completely ...... We used $\dfrac{d}{dx}$ as a notation  so how do above step .... Please help me to understand it....

In the book Thomas's Calculus (11th edition) it is mentioned (Section 3.8 pg 225) that the derivative $dy/dx$ is not a ratio. Couldn't it be interpreted as a ratio, because according to the formula $dy = f'(x)dx$ we are able to plug in values for $dx$ and calculate a $dy$ (differential). Then if we rearrange we get $dy/dx$ which could be seen as a ratio.   I wonder if the author says this because $dx$ is an independent variable, and $dy$ is a dependent variable, for $dy/dx$ to be a ratio both variables need to be independent.. maybe?


I have a function in a controller, and I receive the information for a form. I have this code: public Actionresult functionOne(string a, string b, string c = "foo" )  I tried to convert this to a class like public class bar {     public string a {get;set;}     public string b {get;set;}     public string c {get;set;} }  and receive them as a object  public Actionresult functionOne(bar b)  Also I tried to put the defaultvalue in 'c' but is not working, I tried this: public class bar {     public string a {get;set;}     public string b {get;set;}     [System.ComponentModel.DefaultValue("foo")]     public string c {get;set;} }  Nothing happened with that, I receive it as null also I tried public class bar {     public string a {get;set;}     public string b {get;set;}     public string c      {         get         {             return  c;         }         set         {             c="foo"; //I also tried with value         }     } }  What should I do to write this default value?

How do you give a C# auto-property an initial value?  I either use the constructor, or revert to the old syntax.    Using the Constructor:  class Person  {     public Person()     {         Name = "Initial Name";     }     public string Name { get; set; } }   Using normal property syntax  (with an initial value)  private string name = "Initial Name"; public string Name  {     get      {         return name;     }     set     {         name = value;     } }   Is there a better way?


I built a restful API with dropwizard. And now I want to test it with .   public class BlogCommentResourceTest { private static final BlogCommentDAO dao = mock(BlogCommentDAO.class); private final BlogComment blogComment = new BlogComment(1, "url", "comment", new Date(), "name"); @ClassRule public static final ResourceTestRule resources = ResourceTestRule.builder()         .addResource(new BlogCommentResource(dao)).build(); List<BlogComment> list = new ArrayList<BlogComment>();  @Before public void setUp(){     list.add(blogComment);      when(dao.getLast()).thenReturn(blogComment);     when(dao.getAll(POJOs.BlogCommentPOJO.toString())).thenReturn(list); } @After public void tearDown(){     reset(dao); } @Test public void getLast(){     assertThat(resources.client().target("/blogcomments").request().get(List.class))             .isEqualTo(list);     verify(dao.getAll(POJOs.BlogCommentPOJO.toString()), times(1)); }   }  This is the method I want to test.  enter code here   And error message is shown as below:  java.lang.NullPointerException at dao.DAOBase.getAll(DAOBase.java:37) at dao.BlogCommentDAO.getAll(BlogCommentDAO.java:19) at resource.BlogCommentResourceTest.setUp(BlogCommentResourceTest.java:29) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:27) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at io.dropwizard.testing.junit.ResourceTestRule$1.evaluate(ResourceTestRule.java:202) at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:119) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:42) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:234) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:74) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)   Somebody know what happened? Why it is the DAOBase that throw a null pointer? My unit test for all of dao shows they works well.

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


I brute force the solution of order 5 in $Z^*_{36}$ by using the following $a^5 \equiv 1 \mod 36$ and I see that there is no solution for this. However, I don't quite know how to prove this. Can someone help me?

How can I show that the order of an element modulo $n$ divides $\phi(n)$?  I know that if $a$ and $n$ are relatively prime, then the least positive integer $x$ such that $a^x\equiv1\pmod n$ is its order modulo $n$. I also know that, by Euler's theorem, $a^{\phi(n)}\equiv1\pmod n$. Therefore, it must be the case that $x\leq\phi(n)$.  However, all that I am left to do is to show that $kx=\phi(n)$, for some integer $k$. Do you guys have an idea on how to do this? Thanks in advance!


I have been trying to connect to a mysql database and it was succesfull. In the onPostExecute method, I get a result which seems to me exactly the same as the real input. In this example the emailadress jb@jb.jb. Logcat shows both the real input as the result. Yet my code doesn't agree that it is the same. Any advice?  EDIT: This link apparently gave the answer:

I've been using the == operator in my program to compare all my strings so far. However, I ran into a bug, changed one of them into .equals() instead, and it fixed the bug.  Is == bad? When should it and should it not be used? What's the difference?


This question has been asked many times but usually it could be easily solved by changing order of classes. In my case it may be not.  class GCRefLink; class GCRef;  class GCRefLink {   friend class GCRef; private:   GCRef * ref;   GCRefLink(GCRef * ref) : ref(ref) {} public:   ~GCRefLink(){this->ref->unlink();} };  class GCRef {  friend class GCRefLink; private:   int refCount;    GCRef() : refCount(0) {}   virtual ~GCRef(){}    void unlink(){--this->refCount;if(this->refCount==0) delete this;} public:   GCRefLink link(){++this->refCount;return GCRefLink(this);} };   When I change order of classes I'm getting the same error just about second class. It's meant to be reference class to inherit by managed, undeleteable classes, I know there's already such a thing in stl but as it's university project I need to implement my own.  I'm getting invalid use of incomplete type 'class GCRef' or invalid use of incomplete type 'class GCRefLink' errors

I am looking for the definition of when I am allowed to do forward declaration of a class in another class's header file:  Am I allowed to do it for a base class, for a class held as a member, for a class passed to member function by reference, etc. ?


What is defined as 'worn'? Does an amulet or ring have to be on my neck or finger specifically or do I just have to be carrying it somewhere on my body or even in my backpack? For instance, if I had a Clockwork Amulet on my belt, does that constitute as me 'wearing' it so I could use it?

What defines a worn or carried object, for the purposes of spells like Burning Hands and Firebolt? They ignite items, but specifically not things worn or carried.  Does carried mean wielded in hand, such as a staff? And does Worn pertain to only clothing and armor?  For instance, if a Wizard gets hit by Firebolt, would his component pouch and spellbook that are just on his person be ignited?


I was wondering if it is possible (I think so) and how to have to asimmetrical/slanted columns on a page in a LaTeX document like in the following picture:    What's the easiest (i.e.: no Tikz) way to achieve such result? Thanks to anyone in advance!

I would like to create a XeLaTeX layout where  multicol's columns (two in this case, no figures, text only) are tilted where they meet. The lines still should be ordinary lines below each other, but the start/end points of each line should glide a bit each line for it to look something like this:  xxxxxxxxxx  xxxx xxxxxxxxxx  xxxx xxxxxxxxx  xxxxx xxxxxxxxx  xxxxx SECTION   xxxxxx xxxxxxxx  xxxxxx xxxxxxx  xxxxxxx xxxxxxx  xxxxxxx xxxxxx  xxxxxxxx xxxxxx  xxxxxxxx xxxxx  xxxxxxxxx xxxxx  xxxxxxxxx xxxx  SUBSECTION xxxx  xxxxxxxxxx   So not the whole column is tilted, but one gets narrower while the other one gets wider.  I've seen examples using \parshape, but those I found are based that one counts lines and more or less manually defines the shape. I also would need that LaTeX keeps the multicol functionality (page breaks, text flow, ...) and does this automatically on each page for a longer chapter.  How do I create such a layout? If multicol is not easy to mix with this layout, what would be an alternative?


What does it mean to define something as a curve?  Does writing $y=x$ means I'm explicitly talking about a curve and writing $f(x)=x$ means I'm defining it as a function?

Oftentimes functions described by $f(x) = 2x+4$, and when this is mapped to the Cartesian plane, $f(x) = y$. This surely implies that $y = 2x+4$. Is there a difference between this and $y(x) = 2x+4$?


Is there a one-to-one correspondance between the real numbers and the hyperreal numbers?

What is the cardinality of the set of hyperreal numbers?


I’m having an issue with my laptop. It is an HP Envy x360 with an AMD Ryzen 5 3500u processor and Radeon Vega Graphics. I’ve turned off Secure Boot, but it still won’t boot. All I get is a blank screen.  Any suggestions?

I recently bought an  with a    Ryzen 7 3700U processor,  16GB of RAM and a 512GB NVME SSD.     I want to install Linux on it, but both Ubuntu, Manjaro, and plain Arch linux won't boot. I can get to the grub menu, but once I select the option to boot, the screen goes black and nothing happens.    By the way, I'm trying to boot Ubuntu 19.04, Manjaro 18.04, and Arch 08.01.2019 and yes, I've disabled Secure Boot already.  Any ideas? Is it possibly an issue with the kernel version?  Or maybe a boot argument I need to pass through grub?


First, I will describe how I use bkcrack: I am using LINUX in the live version (Ubuntu 20.04.2.0 LTS). I downloaded the LINUX version of bkcrack from GITHUB and put the password file in this folder (bkcrack). Then I right clicked on the main bkcrack folder and chose the "open in terminal" option and typed the commands. I would like to crack a password in a .zip file I created a few years ago and forgot my password. The compression algorithm is ZipCrypto Deflate. There is only one file in MYFILE.zip - ABCD.pdf. I have an older copy of this PDF that is identical to the one that has a password of about 90%. I tried to use BKCRACK. I opened the MYFILE.zip file in the HxD program and saw the header of the zip file in HEX format (50 4B 03 04) and the name ABCD.pdf in HEX format (41 42 43 44 2E 70 64 66) - offset 30. Thanks to this I have 12 bytes known text. Then I used the command: ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/sam-zip$ echo -n "ABCD.pdf" > plain.txt ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/sam-zip$ time ./bkcrack -C MYFILE.zip -c ABCD.pdf -p plain.txt -o 30 -x 0 504B0304 > 1.log & tail -f 1.log [1] 6505 bash: line 2: ./bkcrack: Permission denied  real    0m0.003s user    0m0.002s sys 0m0.001s  So I used additionally: sudo -s but that didn't help either: ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/sam-zip$ sudo -s root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu/Desktop/sam-zip# echo -n "ABCD.pdf" > plain.txt root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu/Desktop/sam-zip# time ./bkcrack -C MYFILE.zip -c ABCD.pdf -p plain.txt -o 30 -x 0 504B0304 > 1.log & tail -f 1.log [1] 6704 /bin/bash: line 2: ./bkcrack: Permission denied  real    0m0.002s user    0m0.002s sys 0m0.000s  Please help.

I have a script.sh file and type of this file is shellscript file. I want to make this file as application/x-executable file. How can I make it?


I have recently come up with a question asking to find outputs of these 2 code snippets: First one:   let i;  for (i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {   setTimeout(() => {     console.log(i);   }, 0); }    Second one:   for (let i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {   setTimeout(() => {     console.log(i);   }, 0); }    I am familiar with how Event Loop works. in Each iteration callback function inside setTimeout is getting added to the task queue after waiting for 0 millisecond. As soon as Call stack is empty those callback functions are fired. But Both Code Snippets are giving different results. Help me to get an explanation on why they are giving different results.

What is the scope of variables in javascript? Do they have the same scope inside as opposed to outside a function? Or does it even matter? Also, where are the variables stored if they are defined globally?


Has shinys been more likely to find it pokemon X and Y because I saw it was 2x more likely to find. Is this true?

I've been seeing people getting millions of shiny Pokémon in X & Y without effort. My first shiny on Pokémon X (Corsola) also took only 93 fishing encounters.  I'm wondering: is the chance of finding a shiny in Pokémon X & Y better than it used to be?   If so, what is the chance to find a wild shiny in X & Y? How does it compare to the previous games in the series)?


Today I picked the Electorate badge, but it is still not visible on my account. Why is it too late arrive? When will it show on my profile? I voted on 600 questions and 25% or more of total votes are on questions.

Do badges get calculated in real time, or do they get calculated by an external service? How long does it take for a badge to be awarded, once its requirements are met?  Does Stack Overflow use any external services to do things, like maintenance, e-mailing or badge calculation?


This has really been bugging me after watching the three Hobbit films and then, even though I had already watched them thousands of times, the Lord of the Rings trilogy (only to get a real insight into what actually happened to Middle Earth as such).  When I watched the Lord of the Rings again, they don't really mention anything about the Lonely Mountain, or about the dwarves and why they didn't help in the battle in Return of the King. They only really spoke about Moria and Balin being killed.  Someone please put my mind at rest and explain why this is.

During The Great Battle of the Last Alliance, there were an estimated 100,000 elves that fought with the armies of Isildur. This was one of the first scenes in the first LOTR movie. However, in the trilogy, it appears that only a small number of elves show up to Helms Deep and overall left the majority of the fighting to the humans. Why did the elves not participate during the rest of the war?


In Ubuntu, is there something like the control panel of Windows from where I can uninstall a program?

Seeing there are various ways to install on Ubuntu. What are the various ways to uninstall items?  Which ways always work? How can I be sure something was uninstalled?


When I call on a method in a class, the method will get the java.lang.Class that called on it using sun.reflect.Reflection.getCallerClass(2). This is not what I want. I want the Reflection to return the class Object that called on it (i.e. if I call the method from the Bar class, the Reflection.getCallerClass() returns an object of type Bar)  Let's suppose I have this class:  public class Foo {     public static void printOutCallerObject() {         System.out.println(classTypeThatCalledOnMethod);     } }   Called by:  public class Bar {     public static void main(String[] args) {         Foo.printOutCallerObject();     } }   And then the program would print out "Bar".

I need to find the caller of a method. Is it possible using stacktrace or reflection?


Is this definition of boundary points correct? The point $x$ is said to be a boundary point or a frontier point of the set $M$ if it is not an interior point either of $M$ or of $M^c$ the complement of $M$.

I am confused about definition of the boundary set. Definition: Given set $A$ and its complement $A^c$; Point $x$ belongs to the boundary of $A$ if every open ball centred at $x$ contains points of $A$ and $A^c$.   Now to my confusion: Taking as an example set $A\subset \mathbb{N}$ and its complement in $\mathbb{R}^1$. Set $A$ does not contain any limit points. Then for $\forall x\in A$ the only member of $A$ that is contained in all the balls centered at $x$, is $x$ itself. Now, $x\notin A^c$ but is a limit point in $A^c$, hence every ball centered at $x$ contains elements of $A^c$. Can I conclude that $x$ is in the boundary set of $A$, even though it is an isolated point in $A$? Also, say if the complement of $A$ is also in $\mathbb{N}$, will $x$ still be a boundary point of $A$?  Thanks a lot in advance! And I apologize for the clumsy language :-)  Leon


How do I decide which data structure to use for a more efficient program? I mostly use ArrayList.  I checked out other questions but I was not fully satisfied. If someone could help me I would be really happy.

I've always been one to simply use:  List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();   I use the interface as the type name for portability, so that when I ask questions such as these I can rework my code.    When should  be used over  and vice-versa?


An automatic update ran yesterday (7/7/2015) and now I am locked out of X windows.  The login screen has gone extra large, so the login box takes up a large part of the screen.  When I try and log in it accepts the password, then dumps me back to the login screen.  I can switch to the terminal with ctrl-alt-F1 and log in OK so there is no issue with my password, but then I am stuck in text mode.    How do I fix this?  Update:  I think I found the cause in syslog:  Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display: gnome-session-is-accelerated: No hardware 3D support gnome-session-check-accelerated: Helper exited with code 256 gnome-session[...]: CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry... lightdm[...]: ** lightdm CRITICAL **: session_get_login1_session_id: assertion 'session!=NULL' failed   So it appears that it is failing because it is not getting 3D acceleration, despite having an Nvidia GTX 960 card.   But I still have no idea how to fix it.

My Ubuntu is stuck in a login loop when trying to enter my desktop. When I login, the screen gets black and soon after that the login screen comes back.   I've read that the problem might be caused by an error depending on the graphics, here's my graphics card: ATI Radeon 7670M


This decision means what?      Sufficient justification for the purpose and circumstances of the   intended stay was not provided. The specific purpose for which the   visa was applied for is no longer valid or will cease to be valid   before you arrive in the member state of destination. No other   (secondary) purpose was stated at the time of the application, of if   it was, insufficient documentation was provided to demonstrate the   purpose of the stay. Therefore, your application for a visa is   refused.

Schengen refusal formulae can be difficult to understand sometimes.    When an applicant receives a refusal with "Justification for the purpose and conditions of the intended stay was not provided", what does it mean?


My domain is apitrak.com registered at gandi.net. For my mail I use Apple Mail and th Gendi.net SMTP server throught SSL.  When I respond to a Gmail address, I get an "Undelivered Mail" response by Google, informing me that my email was treated as Spam:   This is the mail system at host relay5-d.mail.gandi.net.  I'm sorry to have to inform you that your message could not be delivered to one or more recipients. It's attached below.  For further assistance, please send mail to postmaster.  If you do so, please include this problem report. You can delete your own text from the attached returned message.                    The mail system  <xxxxxxxxxxxxx@gmail.com>: host    gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2a00:1450:400c:c06::1b] said: 550-5.7.1    [2001:4b98:c:538::197      12] Our system has detected that this 550-5.7.1    message is likely unsolicited mail. To reduce the amount of spam sent    550-5.7.1 to Gmail, this message has been blocked. Please visit 550 5.7.1    https://support.google.com/mail/answer/188131 for more information.    9si38384151wmi.71 - gsmtp (in reply to end of DATA command) Reporting-MTA: dns; relay5-d.mail.gandi.net X-Postfix-Queue-ID: 2ECF641C09D X-Postfix-Sender: rfc822; vincent.le@apitrak.com Arrival-Date: Wed, 13 Jan 2016 12:56:41 +0100 (CET)  Final-Recipient: rfc822; xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx@gmail.com Original-Recipient: rfc822;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx@gmail.com Action: failed Status: 5.7.1 Remote-MTA: dns; gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com Diagnostic-Code: smtp; 550-5.7.1 [2001:4b98:c:538::197      12] Our system has    detected that this 550-5.7.1 message is likely unsolicited mail. To reduce    the amount of spam sent 550-5.7.1 to Gmail, this message has been blocked.    Please visit 550 5.7.1  https://support.google.com/mail/answer/188131 for    more information. 9si38384151wmi.71 - gsmtp   Following the link, it tells me to avoid mass mailing: that is absolutely not my case (simple response or fwded response).  It also tells that I should not "change the envelope sender when forwarding email to Gmail." But I don't know what that means.  Any idea?

This is a  about how to handle email sent from your server being misclassified as spam.  For additional information you may find these similar questions helpful:                    Sometimes I want to send newsletters to my customers. The problem is, that some of the emails get caught as spam messages. Mostly by Outlook at the client (even in my own Outlook 2007).  Now I want to know what should be done to create "good" emails. I know about reverse lookup etc., but (for example), what about a unsubscribe link with an unique ID?  Does that increase a spam rating?


Is it possible to send a rest request to the journey builder API with multiple email addresses in the payload instead of just one? Like below?     { "ContactKey": "DD301", "EventDefinitionKey": "APIEvent-0dbe46de-74f9-a309-7778-298c0a563e5", "Data": {     "SubscriberKey": "DD30103003",     "Email": "la.la@lala.com",     "First_Name": "first",     "Last_Name": "name" }"ContactKey": "DD302", "EventDefinitionKey": "APIEvent-0dbe46de-74f9-a309-7778-298c0a563e5", "Data": {     "SubscriberKey": "DD30103004",     "Email": "la1.la@lala.com",     "First_Name": "second",     "Last_Name": "name" }

Is it possible to Bulk inject contacts in a journey using API ?  I tried to use the contactEvents method but i have a 500 server error.  contactEventsTest is a DE created using the template "Event DE" from the wizard.  Here is my payload :  {    "eventDefinitionKey": "APIEvent-xxxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx", "data": [{     "name": "contactEventsTest",     "id": "e856d8a7-e7a1-e711-80e3-1402ec819dd8",     "items": [{         "values": [             {             "name": "ContactKey",             "value": "ContactKey1TEST"         },         {             "name": "Gain",             "value": "123"         }]     },     {         "values": [             {             "name": "ContactKey",             "value": "ContactKey2TEST"         },         {             "name": "Gain",             "value": "321"         }]     }] }]}


def ethos(file):     f = open(file)     raw = f.read()     token = nltk.word_tokenize(raw)     words_to_match = ['love' , 'good' , 'excellent' , 'perfect' , 'brilliant']     words_to_match2 = ['bad' , 'primitive' , 'struggle' , 'annoying' , 'problem' , 'time-consuming', 'fiddly']     positive_tokens = []     negative_tokens = []     for tokens in token:         if tokens in words_to_match:             positive_tokens.append(tokens)         and tokens in words_to_match2:             negative_tokens.append(tokens)     return negative_tokens   I wrote this code with an intention of returning two lists one positive and one negative, I cannot give two return statement, but I want two separate lists. And this program is showing syntax error in the 'and' statement, kindly help.

The canonical way to return multiple values in languages that support it is often . Option: Using a tuple Consider this trivial example: def f(x):   y0 = x + 1   y1 = x * 3   y2 = y0 ** y3   return (y0, y1, y2)  However, this quickly gets problematic as the number of values returned increases. What if you want to return four or five values? Sure, you could keep tupling them, but it gets easy to forget which value is where. It's also rather ugly to unpack them wherever you want to receive them. Option: Using a dictionary The next logical step seems to be to introduce some sort of 'record notation'. In Python, the obvious way to do this is by means of a dict. Consider the following: def g(x):   y0 = x + 1   y1 = x * 3   y2 = y0 ** y3   return {'y0': y0, 'y1': y1 ,'y2': y2}  (Just to be clear, y0, y1, and y2 are just meant as abstract identifiers. As pointed out, in practice you'd use meaningful identifiers.) Now, we have a mechanism whereby we can project out a particular member of the returned object. For example, result['y0']  Option: Using a class However, there is another option. We could instead return a specialized structure. I've framed this in the context of Python, but I'm sure it applies to other languages as well. Indeed, if you were working in C this might very well be your only option. Here goes: class ReturnValue:   def __init__(self, y0, y1, y2):      self.y0 = y0      self.y1 = y1      self.y2 = y2  def g(x):   y0 = x + 1   y1 = x * 3   y2 = y0 ** y3   return ReturnValue(y0, y1, y2)  In Python the previous two are perhaps very similar in terms of plumbing - after all { y0, y1, y2 } just end up being entries in the internal __dict__ of the ReturnValue. There is one additional feature provided by Python though for tiny objects, the __slots__ attribute. The class could be expressed as: class ReturnValue(object):   __slots__ = ["y0", "y1", "y2"]   def __init__(self, y0, y1, y2):      self.y0 = y0      self.y1 = y1      self.y2 = y2  From the :  The __slots__ declaration takes a sequence of instance variables and reserves just enough space in each instance to hold a value for each variable. Space is saved because __dict__ is not created for each instance.  Option: Using a  (Python 3.7+) Using Python 3.7's new dataclasses, return a class with automatically added special methods, typing and other useful tools: @dataclass class Returnvalue:     y0: int     y1: float     y3: int  def total_cost(x):     y0 = x + 1     y1 = x * 3     y2 = y0 ** y3     return ReturnValue(y0, y1, y2)  Option: Using a list Another suggestion which I'd overlooked comes from Bill the Lizard: def h(x):   result = [x + 1]   result.append(x * 3)   result.append(y0 ** y3)   return result  This is my least favorite method though. I suppose I'm tainted by exposure to Haskell, but the idea of mixed-type lists has always felt uncomfortable to me. In this particular example the list is -not- mixed type, but it conceivably could be. A list used in this way really doesn't gain anything with respect to the tuple as far as I can tell. The only real difference between lists and tuples in Python is that lists are , whereas tuples are not. I personally tend to carry over the conventions from functional programming: use lists for any number of elements of the same type, and tuples for a fixed number of elements of predetermined types. Question After the lengthy preamble, comes the inevitable question. Which method (do you think) is best?


I've been trying to send a person my .blend file with an external cache folder (.bphys format) to render a fire for me, and when he opens it, he can't connect the two. Any solutions?

I'm moving all files to a new computer, via an external hard drive. I am certain that broken links will be a concern. What can I do to fix this? Is there a 'Best Practices' kind of way to prevent this problem beforehand? I have many hundreds of .blend files, and of course, I fear losing them.


I need to find an idiom for the following situation.  I am talking to the HR department about a particular policy. I did not know about the policy beforehand and HR had never explained it to me. For HR people, all the policies are obvious, I presume.  I want to say to HR:     HR people discuss HR policies with employees on a daily basis and so for them the relevant facts are very obvious or need no explanation but for me they are completely new   I want to replace obvious or needs no explanation with an idiom or phrase.

I keep wanting to say "the handwriting on the wall," but that's not correct. The place I'm trying to use it is, "Alice likes Bob, Carol likes Bob, Alice thinks Bob likes her, but Bob dates Carol, and so as anyone can see, Bob did not like Alice."  What is the appropriate idiom here?


Is "memorise" or "memorize" used more often around the world?    Curious which is more popular, memorise or memorize.

Possible Duplicate:             Each post has an indicator which summarises who the post is shared.    What is the difference between these two terms? Should I write summarises or summarizes?


I used stars and bars for this, and my reasoning states that using 2 bars and 6 stars would work. There are 5 spaces to put the bars, so it is 5 choose 2, which is 10, but the answer is much larger at 540. Can I solve this using stars and bars, and how can I do this with PIE?

How many functions from set $\{1,2,3,\ldots,n\}$ to $\{A,B,C\}$ are surjections? $n \geq 3$  Attempt  I was hoping to count the number of surjections by treating $A,B,C$ like bins, and counting the number of ways to fill them with $1,2,3,\ldots,n$ such that no bins are empty. This is equivalent to putting two "separator" bars in between the $n$ numbers or $n-1 \choose 2$.  However, I think I am missing a step here: prior to putting in the separator bars, I should permutate the $n$ elements. So, multiply by $n!$.  The order of elements in the same bins do not matter. So I should be divided by the number of permutations of the elements in each bins. This is where I am stuck.  Additional Info  I made the question up myself. Feel free to modify the question into a more solvable form if it is too difficult/complicated.


How do I show that a real polynomial function of odd degree has at least one real zero? That is when the function is 0 and cuts the x-line.   This is what I have got so far:  f(x) = x^(2k+1)   Can I then put x to zero and that proves it? However, that doesn't feel like I'm proving it for all real polynomial functions of odd degree.

Im asked to prove that a polynomial of an odd degree has a root. Im going to use IVT to prove this, but I'm wondering if I can use the assumption that an odd degree polynomial has either two cases:  $$ \lim_{x\to\infty}h(x)=+\infty \\ \lim_{x\to-\infty}h(x)=-\infty \\ $$ $$and$$ $$ \lim_{x\to\infty}h(x)=-\infty \\ \lim_{x\to-\infty}h(x)=+\infty \\ $$ Then by this there exists numbers $a,b$ such that $$ h(a)<0<h(b) $$ $$or$$ $$ h(b)<0<h(a) $$ Which I think would prove that odd degreed $h(x)$ has at least a root. Or is there a more convincing way to show that there are numbers in $h(X)$ greater than zero and less than zero?  edit: (sorry about the bad limit notation)


My favorite place, in my bathroom, is hot.'   Does this sentence above make sense?  If it is wrong, how can I rephrase it?

Does a sentence like     My better days, at the last decade, have passed by so fast.   make sense?


Assume that $ f: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R $ is uniformly continuous. prove that there are constants $A,B$ such that $ |f(x)| \le A + B|x| $ for all $ x \in \mathbb R $.  my concern is just $f$ is uniformly continuous on $\mathbb R$ how this is going to help us to find such $A$ and $B$.

I have the following exercise: $$f:[0, +\infty) \rightarrow \mathbb{R} \text{ uniformly continuous  } .$$ $$\text{Show that there are } a,b \geq 0 \text{ so that } |f(x)| \leq ax+b, \forall x \geq 0.$$ $$$$ $f:[0, +\infty) \rightarrow \mathbb{R} \text{ uniformly continuous  } :$ $\forall \epsilon >0 \exists \delta >0 \text{ such that } \forall x,y \in [0, + \infty) \text{ with } |x-y|< \delta \Rightarrow |f(x)-f(y)|<\epsilon$ $$$$ How can I continue??


I need to print page range in chapter entry, like        Chapter title  ------space-------      starting page number - ending page number      \documentclass{scrbook} \usepackage{lmodern}% for sans-serif plus bold plus italic   \usepackage{tocstyle} \usetocstyle{standard} \usetocstyle{nopagecolumn}  \settocstylefeature[0]{leaders}{\hfill}% \settocstylefeature{pagenumberhook}{\itshape~}  \usepackage{blindtext}  \begin{document}  \tableofcontents  \blinddocument  \end{document}

Can you give me some advice for how to obtain the following format of the TOC?        Chapter’s heading 1-7   Chapter’s heading 9-10   Chapter’s heading 11-15


Lets say I have selected a bunch of objects in the layer panel (as shown in the following capture), is there a way to select the corresponding path without having to click on each circle individually holding the command key?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 In most UIs, selecting item 2 and shift+clicking on item 6 would select the following: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 but in Illustrator when you click on the target icon in the Layers panel to select a layer and shift+click another layer, it does not select any of the layers between them. How can this be accomplished?


Or it's depends on each case? I tested here with 2 second and found it very long. But a coworker told me that 2 second is the default. Is it true?

My firm has developed a small, domain-specific desktop GUI application. Being small, it loads fast (practically instantly) and initially presents a "home" screen, which in this app, is a kind of graphical menu. It has been suggested we introduce a 2-3 second delay in which we show some logo/splash-screen. The rationale is that this looks more professional.  What is the common wisdom on this?  Note: personally I hate this kind of screen; but I am just an engineer - the suggestion is that real users like them.   So I am really looking for evidence about what users do and do not like, not just what the people on this site like.  Update: Like me, most of you dislike the artificial delay.  But responses are more mixed about what users will want or accept. The story seems that, (a) people will accept a 1-2 second delay, and (b) users trust some applications better if they take their time.  But what evidence is there about this particular case of a software load-up screen?  We cannot be the first company that tried this, it must have been commonplace in the 90s.  Was there a backlash?  Were there studies to support either view?


The following is a photo of a game console 3DS, although the 3D is turned off:    There is "fish nest" artifacts, and sometimes the lines even curve on some photos.  iPhotos on a Mac seems to try to minimize its effect, but if the window is being resized, the fish nest can change shape along the way of the resize, and then its effect is minimized once the resizing is done.  Is there a name for such artifacts, and are there ways to avoid it and/or correct it if that's the only photo you have?

What is the image defect called "moiré"? What causes it, and how can we avoid or reduce it? Is it related to "false color"?


I have a set of adf file which use the same structure. How can I merge all ADF to shp file? Does the ogr2ogr command can help in this case?

Is there any tool or software except ArcGIS which I can use for converting coverage (.adf) files to shapefiles?


I’m English and confused.  Is jalapeno spoken with the sound ‘jal’ or ‘hal’? ‘Hal’ is how Spanish people pronounce it, but I’m English.  If the answer’s ‘hal’, do I say I’m going to ‘Paree’ instead of Paris? Do we pronounce differently based on a Person’s name, Country/City or food?

When reading to an audience, or speaking in conversation, when is it appropriate to use the original pronunciation of a foreign word versus the English pronunciation (assuming you know the appropriate pronunciation for it)? Is it considered rude, or condescending? Or is it considered a mark of being knowledgeable?  One of the things to consider are place names. When referring to Paris, France, should it be pronounced with the silent 'S' as the French would say it, or with the 'S'? Should Hiroshima be pronounced as a Japanese speaker would pronounce it slightly more emphasis on RO, rather than the SHI? Should Mount Pinatubo be pronounced as a Filipino speaker would pronounce it with shorter stronger vowels, or the longer vowels? (e.g. Pi as is 'pick' rather than 'pea'.) Should Wichita be pronounces as the original "shi" rather than the modern "chi"?  Pronounce pesos or sombrero as a Spanish speaker 'eh' or the English 'ay'?  (I can't think of other common words right now that aren't words taken from other languages like hurricane, boondocks, tornado, etc. which I think have (correctly) changed to English pronunciations.)


I am using multiple nested for loops. In the last loop there is an if statement. When evaluated to True all the for loops should stop, but that does not happen. It only breaks out of the innermost for loop, and than it keeps on going. I need all loops to come to a stop if the break statement is encountered.  My code:  for i in range(1, 1001):     for i2 in range(i, 1001):         for i3 in range(i2, 1001):             if i*i + i2*i2 == i3*i3 and i + i2 + i3 == 1000:                 print i*i2*i3                 break

Given the following code (that doesn't work):  while True:     #snip: print out current state     while True:         ok = get_input("Is this ok? (y/n)")         if ok.lower() == "y": break 2 #this doesn't work :(         if ok.lower() == "n": break     #do more processing with menus and stuff   Is there a way to make this work? Or do I have do one check to break out of the input loop, then another, more limited, check in the outside loop to break out all together if the user is satisfied?


Check the following cases:-  function x() {     console.log('x'); }; x(); //outputs x  var y = function () {     console.log('y'); }; y(); //outputs y  var z = function w() {     console.log('zw') }; z(); //outputs zw; w(); //outputs .. w is not defined.   Can anyone explain me this behaviour..?

I've recently started maintaining someone else's JavaScript code. I'm fixing bugs, adding features and also trying to tidy up the code and make it more consistent.  The previous developer used two ways of declaring functions and I can't work out if there is a reason behind it or not.  The two ways are:  var functionOne = function() {     // Some code };     function functionTwo() {     // Some code }   What are the reasons for using these two different methods and what are the pros and cons of each? Is there anything that can be done with one method that can't be done with the other?


The decision:     I have refused your application for a visit visa because I am   satisfied that paragraph V3.6 applies.      Under paragraph V3.6 of the Immigration Rules a person must   automatically be refused entry clearance if false representations or   documents are used (whether or not material to the application and   whether or not to the applicant’s knowledge), or material facts are   not disclosed in relation to the application. A false representation   for these purposes is a lie, or a false statement in a visa   application, made either orally or in writing.      In your current visa application form you have stated that you will   travel to the United Kingdom for 5 days to see your friend. You have   declared in your application you never been refused a visa for the UK   However, Home Office records show that you previously made an   application to enter the UK for which you were refused entry. You   applied and were refused with your application at DHAKA (BHC) 431876   on 14/01/2008 when you applied for a   visa to come to the UK. I am satisfied that you were given ample   opportunities to disclose relevant information about these   applications. The fact that you chose to omit such information   undermines your credibility and I am not prepared to exercise   discretion in your favour.       I am satisfied that you have made false representations in support of   your application and that your application should therefore be refused   under paragraph V3.6 of Appendix V of the Immigration Rules. You   should note that because this application for entry clearance has been   refused under paragraph V3.6 of the Immigration Rules, any future   applications may also be refused for the same reason, under paragraph   320 (7B) of the Immigration Rules or paragraph V3.7 of Appendix V of   the Immigration Rules. A refusal under paragraph V3.7 of the   Immigration Rules may attract an automatic refusal period of up to 10   years. The period starts from the date of the previous event in which   the deception or submission of falsified documents or information was   employed.      I am also satisfied that you have used deception in this application.   This means that future entry clearance applications may also be   refused under the Immigration Rules for a period of up to 10 years   depending on the type of application you make. The period of 10 years   starts from the date that the deception was used in this application   for a visa.

I got a refusal under 3.6 a of Appendix V due to failure of checking the previous denial that I had 8 years ago. I changed the passport 2 times since then and have travelled to many countries and while the application form had so many things to check, I just did not pay proper attention to the boxes I checked. Please check the below refusal letter.   Now, I want to appeal for this ban to be cancelled, what can I do? I am of Asian national based in Spain with long term residence permit for the European Union.  Here is the copy of refusal letter, thank you so much for your comments!


Just moved into a new apartment so I had to change my dryer plug.  However, after countless tutorials and videos I am a little confused with the current set-up. Is it right that the green(ground) and the white (neutral) are directly on top of one another? I see the ground screw to the left but nothing is on there...  So my question is when I install my 3 prong how will I ground it? Do I need to buy a ground wire and somehow attach it to the ground screw?  Tried to attach a picture but wouldn't let me because I did not have 10 rep.

We moved to a new place where the dryer connection is 3-prong instead of 4-prong. The dryer was originally 4-prong, so we bought a 3-prong cord and installed it. It works fine, except I am not entirely sure if I installed the ground wire correctly.   Originally, there was a green wire on the cord itself, and that was connected to the screw on the top of the first picture. This is, I assume, used to ground the case and prevent shocks when touching the exterior of the dryer.  Now with the 3-pronged plug, there is no ground wire on the cord. So where does the existing green wire in the case go? Do I leave it where it originally was like in the first picture or do I connect it to the central terminal like in the second picture?      There's no bonding strap running from the case to any terminal. I can't tell where the green wire is connected to.


Why in series combination of circuit has same amount of current flow in every conductor? Whereas in parallel combination the amount of voltage is same?

When we have resistors in series, the current through all the resistors is same and the voltage drop (or simply voltage) at each resistor is different.  Question 1: It is fine that voltage drop (potential drop) across each resistor is different because each resistor offers different resistance (suppose). but how is the current through each resistor same? If we have resistors of different resistance, shouldn't the current be different through each resistor?  Similarly, when we have resistors in parallel, the current through each resistor is different but the voltage drop at each resistor is same.  Question 2: Current through each resistor is different because resistance of each resistor is different (suppose). but how is the voltage drop across each resistor same here? Shouldn't the voltage drop at each resistor be different because each resistor offers different resistance?


The following code gives an AssertionError in the last line. However both values are printed as 10.0833333333.  p = [0,1,2,3,4,6,2,2,4,1,2,4] cell11 = p[0:3] cell12 = p[3:6] cell21 = p[6:9] cell22 = p[9:12]  x11 = sum(cell11)/float(3) x12 = sum(cell12)/float(3) x21 = sum(cell21)/float(3) x22 = sum(cell22)/float(3) x1dot = (x11+x12)/float(2) x2dot = (x21+x22)/float(2) xdot1 = (x11+x21)/float(2) xdot2 = (x12+x22)/float(2) xdotdot = (x1dot+x2dot)/float(2) assert(xdotdot == (xdot1+xdot2)/float(2)) n=3 x11diff = ((x11-xdotdot) - (x1dot-xdotdot) - (xdot1-xdotdot))**2 x12diff = ((x12-xdotdot) - (x1dot-xdotdot) - (xdot2-xdotdot))**2 x21diff = ((x21-xdotdot) - (x2dot-xdotdot) - (xdot1-xdotdot))**2 x22diff = ((x22-xdotdot) - (x2dot-xdotdot) - (xdot2-xdotdot))**2 ssaxb = n*(x11diff+x12diff+x21diff+x22diff) print str(ssaxb) print str(10+(1/float(12))) assert(ssaxb == 10+(1/float(12)))   Are ssaxb and 10+(1/float(12)) somehow stored as slightly different values?

Consider the following code:   0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3  ->  false   0.1 + 0.2         ->  0.30000000000000004   Why do these inaccuracies happen?


I'll soon be flying from Paris, France (Charles de Gaulle Airport) to New York, USA with a connecting flight to Boston, USA. The flight is with American Airlines.  Will I need to claim and then recheck my baggage in New York before my flight to Boston?

I'm worried as it's my first trip on my own. All my flights are American Airlines and I have connections at Raleigh/Durham and at Chicago O'Hare, however there are no terminal changes, just connection times of under 2 hours, so will my luggage be automatically transferred plane to plane? or will I need to re-check them?


I want to write something like  I got to know him when ...  I thought of discovered and learned but they don’t feel right  I discovered him when ...  Discovered sounds like I’ve become a scientist that found a new species and  I learned about him by ...  Learned just sounds wrong. Any suggestions for replacing “get to know”?

This is what I want to express:     I want to get to know more algorithms that have been created.   I have thought about changing the sentence into     I want to gain a better insight into algorithms that have been created.   But it seems inappropriate.  Any better phrase (or single word) to replace get to know?   (Or better way to construct the sentence?)


I have a line as follows:  \documentclass[a4paper]{article}  \usepackage{siunitx}  \begin{document}  {$d_{(O_{1}-Zn/Mg)}(\SI{}{\angstrom})$ \end{document}   showing:    I don't want the letters to be written in italic. Please kindly let me know how to remove italic and how to have tighter word-spacing inside the parentheses?

What is the 'best' package for typesetting chemical formulas? (I don't need anything but the chemical formulas.)  Assume I want to typeset     The dissociation of a AgBr molecure requires an energy of $E = \SI{123456789}{\J}$.   I am using the  package for the physical quantity but what about AgBr?


I frequently launch a terminal via keyboard command.  Normally it is very fast.  All my other launcher shortcuts still work quickly.  The terminal launcher is taking over 20 seconds before I see the terminal.  This just started a few days ago. I've tried the following with no change:   Changing the default terminal from gnome-terminal.wrapper to terminator. Creating a new custom shortcut. Changing the key sequence of the launcher.   All these resulted in the same 20+ second launch time.  Any ideas how to debug this issue further?

When I press Ctrl+Alt+T the Terminal opens after around 30 seconds. That's pretty annoying. If I open it with Alt+F2 and enter gnome-terminal the window appears instantly as usual.  I'm using Ubuntu 16.04 with gnome3.  Thank you for your help in advance!


The df command tells me I have no free space left on the root drive    but I deleted a lot of files on the root and still this does not freeing up space. This is the result without the home folder, because home is not mounted on root    the 19GB from the df command is not the same as the 9,8GB  from the du command?  I deleted all the data with "rm" commands so I guess the data is really gone and not caching up somewhere...  Does any body know what's going on here, and how I can free some space?

I have a SCSI disk in a server (hardware Raid 1), 32G, ext3 filesytem. df tells me that the disk is 100% full. If I delete 1G this is correctly shown.  However, if I run a du -h -x / then du tells me that only 12G are used (I use -x because of some Samba mounts).  So my question is not about subtle differences between the du and df commands but about how I can find out what causes this huge difference?  I rebooted the machine for a fsck that went w/out errors. Should I run badblocks? lsof shows me no open deleted files, lost+found is empty and there is no obvious warn/err/fail statement in the messages file.  Feel free to ask for further details of the setup.


it is requested to show that if the quartic polynomial $f(x) \in \mathbb{R}[x]$, defined by:  $$ f(x) = x^4 -ax^3 +2x^2 -bx +1, $$ has a real root, then $$ a^2 +b^2 \ge 8 $$ this question was asked by @medo, then deleted a few minutes ago. however having spent a little time on it, i think the problem seems sufficiently instructive to be worth resuscitating. it is not deep or difficult, but to find the right way of rewriting the polynomial to demonstrate the result is an interesting coffee-break challenge.

If it is known that the equation $$ x^4 + ax^3 + 2x^2 + bx + 1 = 0 $$ has a (real) root, prove the inequality $$ a^2 + b^2 \geq 8. $$  I am stuck on this problem, though, it is a very easy problem for my math teacher. Anyway, I can't figure out.


Bivariate and multivariate distribution relationship.    If we have say 3 variables where any two variables follow a normal bivariate distribution, then does it necessarily follow a multivariate normal distribution?

Somebody asked me this question in a job interview and I replied that their joint distribution is always Gaussian. I thought that I can always write a bivariate Gaussian with their means and variance and covariances. I am wondering if there can be a case for which the joint probability of two Gaussians is not Gaussian?


Is following statement is True/false      If $B \in M_n( \mathbb{C}))$ is such that $ (Bx, x) = 0$ for all $x \in \mathbb{C}^n $, then $B =0$   My attempt :I think NO ,  Every real matrix  is complex  so take $B = \begin{pmatrix} 0 &1 \\-1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and  $x$ as  unit vector then $(Bx,x)=0$  Is its true ?

Which of the following statements are true?   $1.$ If $A ∈M_n(C)$ is such that $(Ax,x) = 0$ for all $x ∈C^n$, then $A = 0$.   $2.$ If $A ∈M_n(C)$ is such that $(Ax,x) ≥ 0$ for all $x ∈C^n$, then $A = A^∗$.  I know that $A$ is skew symmetric Matrix iff $x^tAx = 0$ for all $x ∈R^n$ and $A ∈M_n(R)$.  The question posted by Neha Gupta had an WRONG answer. That's why I posted it again.


Just started studying statistics and am getting confused.   Is a null model the same thing as a null hypothesis? If not, what is it?

What is the null model in regression and what's the relationship between the null model and the null hypothesis? From my understanding, does it mean  Using "an average of the response variable" to predict the continuous response variable? Using the "label distribution" in predicting discrete response variables?  If that is the case, it seems there are missing connections between the null hypothesis.


I ave a code where I want to use != sign. But since I am using String, How do I not equals Sign. Hers is my code. So I want all this statement not to equal to each other so it can print Tie Game.       if (Array[0] == Array[currentPlayer] &&  Array [1] ==      Array[currentPlayer] && !Array [2] == Array[currentPlayer])   The above code is when everything equals to each other. But I want this statements not to equal each other.  Keep in mind that I have not used Int or Char, I am using String.

I've been using the == operator in my program to compare all my strings so far. However, I ran into a bug, changed one of them into .equals() instead, and it fixed the bug.  Is == bad? When should it and should it not be used? What's the difference?


I have this method to test  public static AccountingYear newInstance(Date startingDate, Date endingDate) {     if ((startingDate == null) || (endingDate == null)) {         throw new AccountingRuntimeException(                 "the range specify is not correct");     }      AccountingDaoFactory daoFactory = (AccountingDaoFactory) UnitOfWork             .getCurrent().getDaoFactory();     AccountingYear lastAccoutingYear = daoFactory.getAccountingYearDao()             .getLastAccountingYear();     Date startDate = lastAccoutingYear.startingDate;     Date endDate = lastAccoutingYear.endingDate;     if (lastAccoutingYear != null             && isDateRangesOverlap(startDate, endDate, startingDate,                     endingDate)) {         throw new AccountingYearCollisionException();     }     if (endingDate.before(startingDate)) {         throw new EndingDateIsBeforeStartingDateException();     }     AccountingYear newAccountingYear = new AccountingYear(startingDate,             endingDate, true);     if (isOldAccountingYear(startDate, endingDate)) {         newAccountingYear.setSatus(AccountingYearState.OLD_AND_NOT_CLOSED);     }     newAccountingYear.save();     return newAccountingYear; }   This is the corresponding test  @Test public void newAccountingYearTest() throws Exception {     AccountingYear accountingYear = Mockito.mock(AccountingYear.class);     Mockito.when(accountingYear.getAllPeriods()).thenCallRealMethod();     objectToTest = AccountingYear.newInstance(startingDate, endingDate);     Assert.assertNotNull(objectToTest);     Assert.assertEquals(2, objectToTest.getAllPeriods().size());     Assert.assertEquals(AccountingPeriodType.Opening, objectToTest             .getAllPeriods().get(0).getType());     Assert.assertEquals(AccountingPeriodType.Closing, objectToTest             .getAllPeriods().get(1).getType()); }   When i run the test i have this exception: Java.lang.nullPointerexception, at Java.util.Date.getMillisOf,Date.before(). This is isOldAccountingYear code that give the exception  public static boolean isOldAccountingYear(Date startDate, Date endingDate2) {     if (endingDate2.before(startDate)) {         return true;     } else {         return false;     } }   Please can you help me solve the problem

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


According to the definition of electric current, it appears to be a derived quantity. Charge on the other hand seems more fundamental than electric current.  Then why is current taken as fundamental quantity instead of charge?   Is it arbitrary choice? Is it because we can measure current more efficiently than charge or some other reason?

I always thought of current as the time derivative of charge, $\frac{dq}{dt}$. However, I found out recently that it is the ampere that is the base unit and not the coulomb. Why is this? It seems to me that charge can exist without current, but current cannot exist without charge. So the logical choice for a base unit would be the coulomb. Right?


If I put   \usepackage{hyperref}  % ... % \begin{align}   Label \label{lab:one} \end{align} Reference: \ref{lab:one}   I get a hyperlink to my label (puts "Reference: 1" with a clickable 1). Instead, I occasionally want to put the label unclickable (hence a non-clickable 1 in this case), but still use hyperref for other parts. Never figured out how to do that.

I use hyperref and I produce the pdf via pdflatex. Everytime I use \ref I get in the pdf a clickable link and I am happy with it... but I would like to disable the hyperlink in the pdf for one particular \ref, is it possible?


So once again apt-get bothered me with the infamous message that package installation failed because a dependency “is not going to be installed”:  ~ $ sudo apt-get install php-apcu Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation:  The following packages have unmet dependencies:  php-apcu : Depends: phpapi-20151012             Recommends: php-apcu-bc but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.   As I understand, default is to install all missing dependencies along with the requested packages. What would cause apt-get to refuse to install certain dependencies? (And if there is more than one thing leading to this, how can I find out which it is?)

I've seen several times people with unmet dependencies, which apt-get doesn't tells straightforward what's the problem, like this one:  The following packages have unmet dependencies:  libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 : Depends: libdrm-intel1:i386 (>= 2.4.38) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libdrm-nouveau2:i386 (>= 2.4.38) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libdrm-radeon1:i386 (>= 2.4.31) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libdrm2:i386 (>= 2.4.38) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libglapi-mesa:i386 but it is not going to be installed  libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Depends: libdrm2:i386 (>= 2.3.1) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libglapi-mesa:i386 (= 9.2.1-1ubuntu3) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libx11-6:i386 (>= 2:1.4.99.1) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libxcb-dri2-0:i386 (>= 1.8) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libxcb-glx0:i386 (>= 1.8) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libxcb1:i386 but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libxdamage1:i386 (>= 1:1.1) but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libxext6:i386 but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libxfixes3:i386 but it is not going to be installed                         Depends: libxxf86vm1:i386 but it is not going to be installed   I know that walking through all dependencies apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 until I hit something is available, but in this case it will be a painful job due the amount of packages. Is there an easier way to do this?


Some days earlier, in the hour of contemplation, I made an extremely critical and paradigm-shifting breakthrough in my field and then, I started writing on it for a publishing and many times checked through the paper and finally submitted it after many days of proofreading.  The paper was committed to the biggest and most popular journal for my field, and I waited for a reply. And the reply was saddening, my paper was mysteriously rejected. As I contacted the reviewer, I was told that he and others "rejected it by simply reading the title".  And my title was very professional, in the sense that it was not something like "X proven wrong and Y revolutionized!".  Now I am confused on what I should do, this paper needs to be published. If not for myself, then atleast for the thousands of other researchers who have hopelessly comitted their lives to this field.  I must add here, as my advisor congratulated me and hugged me on this great discovery, he was skeptical of my paper being published because it is simply too outstanding to be true. And big journals who receive thousands of paper each day will most likely reject it in quickness, and this paper needs to be read with a lot of thought and concentration to be believed. He advised that I should submit it to a lesser known journal whose reviewers he is great friends with, so that he'll tell him to take a good thoughtful look at it. He assured me that my paper would be accepted there. However, I might have naively not considered this and simply went for the biggest journal out of extolment.  So what should I do now? And is rejecting a paper because it is too good even a valid reason?

I am interested in the situation where you have a very interesting result. For instance, you have solved a very important open problem. However, you are not known in the field and do not have any remarkable publications. Your supervisor thinks the work is good and you submit the work to a high profile journal, but you get rejected.  The thing is that the contribution is very strong. It breaks what most people believe or what they have already proven: e.g., you solve the P vs. NP problem or any other well known open problem.   The reviewers strongly reject your work with no justification and they do not state why the result is wrong. Examples of reviewer comments include:   "The proof must be wrong."  "You cannot achieve such a result."  "You do not understand well the notion of ..."   My question is what to do in this situation? Where to go? If your advisor accepts the work, but the reviewers from the top journal reject the work without even explaining the mistakes,  what should you do?


I plan to travel to New York next month from Germany. I am a Turkish citizen.  say that fully-vaccinated people do NOT have to quarantine upon arrival, with a note at the bottom of the page:  *This guidance applies to COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized for emergency use by the Food and Drug Administration: Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson and Johnson (J&J)/Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. This guidance can also be applied to COVID-19 vaccines that have been authorized for emergency use by the World Health Organization (e.g. AstraZeneca/Oxford).  Since the AstraZeneca vaccine is authorized by the WHO, I assume I also don't have to quarantine upon my arrival. Would my assumption be correct? Thank you.

Many people have asked questions on this site regarding the rules for layovers, with no definitive answers. The rules are constantly in flux and it is very difficult to get a clear answer from government websites. I would like to buy a plane ticket for my mother-in-law (who has a visa) from Ukraine to the US. Most available flights have at least one layover in Europe. My understanding is that EU countries (minus some special cases and US citizens) are currently banned from travel to the US. If we buy a ticket with a layover in, say, Switzerland, can there be a problem? Is this allowed under current rules?


I can calculate the number with computer and read the digits, or I can say PowerMod[2, 100, 100] in Mathematica, or I can even determine the digits myself, pencil-and-paper, by considering congruences modulo 4 and modulo 25 separately.  But if I determine the last digit first -- it's 6 -- and then set this congruent equation for the penultimate digit $y$:  $\frac{2^{100}-6}{10} \equiv y\ (mod\ 10)$  Which simplifies to $2^{99} - 3 \equiv 5\ y\ (mod\ 10)$, or $8 \equiv 5\ y + 3\ (mod\ 10)$, or $y \equiv 1\ (mod\ 2)$. This says this digit is odd. But how can I determine its exact value from here?  I wonder why sequential modulo 10 congruences don't yield a specific answer.

What should the 'efficient' way of finding the last two digits of $2^{2016}$ be? The way I found them was by multiplying the powers of $2$ because $2016=1024+512+256+128+64+32$. I heard that one way would be with the Chinese Remainder Lemma but I don't really know how I should start?


He's a better writer than I could ever be.  He's a better writer than I can ever be.  What's the difference between can and could here? Are both sentences grammatically correct?

I’ve made another mistake in a modals test, in the can/could segment.  The following exchange was presented:     Where’s my bag? Have you seen it? – No, but it _ be in the car.   I decided that both ‘can’ and ‘could’ are appropriate in the underscored position.  The key contained only ‘could’. I’m curious why ‘can’ here is wrong:     Where’s my bag? Have you seen it? – No, but it *can be in the car.   In the Russian language, we use only the present-tense form of ‘can’ in such hypothetical answers: the past of 'can' would sound literal and ridiculous; so one may tend to carbon-copy the 'can' construction into English, failing to notice the difference in sense.   I’ve consulted a textbook and it says that ‘can’ tends to be used to convey a more general meaning. An example is given:     The weather can change very quickly in the mountains. (in general)      The weather is nice now, but it could change. (the weather now, not   in general).   Is it in the same vein with the car in the example? Does “It can be in the car” sound too general while “It could be in the car” zeroes in on the immediate situation?   Would the sentence with ‘can’ come out too haughty in the context, that is, a person turns for advice concerning situation at hand, and gets a generic sentence, almost telling him “well, your bag, speaking generally, can fit in the car, go guess the rest of it”?


Is it safe if my server will create a SSH key pair for my client? Scenario: I(server admin) will create a ssh key pair and put public key into authorized_keys and give the private key to client so he can access my sftp server.

I'm supposed to be accessing a server in order to link a company's staging and live servers into our deployment loop. An admin over on their side set up the two instances and then created a user on the server for us to SSH in as. This much I'm used to.  In my mind now what would happen is I would send them my public key which could be placed inside their authorized keys folder. Instead however they sent me a file name id_rsa which inside the file contains -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- over email. Is this normal?  I looked around and can find tonnes of resources on generating and setting up my own keys from scratch, but nothing about starting from the private keys of the server. Should I be using this to generate some key for myself or?  I would ask the system admin directly but don't want to appear an idiot and waste everybody in-between us' time. Should I just ignore the key he sent me and ask them to put my public key inside their authorized folder?


I wonder if anybody can help me solve the following problem:  Three numbers are chosen from the first $n$ natural numbers. What is the  probability that they can be sides of a triangle?   NOTE: The sides can be equal.

What is the probability that a particular set of integer edge lengths selected from an interval $[1, N]$, can form a triangle?  How might this extend to the case where one selects real number edge lengths from the unit interval?   I'd also be very interested in any comments on what the probability distribution would look like for the distances between the triangles vertices.


The banner shown encouraging upvoting is redundant when the question is locked, as locking prevents voting on any of the answers or the question. (Answers can still be voted on, as pointed out in .)  Should the banner be omitted for questions that cannot be voted on?  Example image:

When I visit a site I haven't visited (while logged in) for a while, I see:  Welcome back! If you found this question useful, don't forget to vote both the question and the answers up.  That's often intended behavior. But today I visited  and was shown that banner even though the question and all its answers are locked. Voting arrows aren't even shown on any of the posts on that page. I believe that banner should be disabled on pages where there is no post that can be voted on by anyone.


I uninstalled chrome with:  sudo apt-get purge google-chrome-stable   The next day I reinstalled it with:   sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable   All the old settings from the old install appeared when I opened it up.

I have already gone through   and I'm really not getting why the solutions given there are not working for me.  What I'm doing is:   sudo apt-get purge chromium-browser   rm -rf ~/.config/chromium     Then reinstalling by running the following command:   sudo apt-get install chromium-browser    This must remove the settings of chromium-browser and do a fresh installation. The browser is uninstalling, but after being installed it is containing the previous settings, moreover it's not signing me out of even Gmail!


Right to the business, here is what I am trying to do  foverzar@subsystem /home> ls -aln total 16 drwxr-xr-x  4    0    0 4096 Dec 12 23:07 ./ drwxr-xr-x 17    0    0 4096 Dec  4 13:51 ../ drwx------  9 1000 1000 4096 Dec 13 22:05 foverzar/ drwxrwx---  2 1001 1001 4096 Dec 12 23:11 tor/ foverzar@subsystem /home> cd tor cd: Permission denied: “./tor” foverzar@subsystem /home> id foverzar uid=1000(foverzar) gid=1000(foverzar) groups=1000(foverzar),10(wheel),1001(tor)   Basicaly my question is: why can't I access the dir, even if my user is the part of "tor" group and permissions are set to 770?

I changed permissions of a file (chmod g+w testfile) and running ls -l testfile gives:  -rwxrwxr-x 1 user1 user1 0 2011-01-24 20:36 testfile   I then added a user to that group ("/etc/group" has user1:x:1000:user2 line), but am failing to edit that file as user2. Why is this so?


If $\displaystyle\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1-a_{n}) = 0$ then is it always true that  $\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_{n}$ diverges? ($0 \leq a_{n} < 1) $

Prove that if $0\le p_n< 1$ and $S=\sum p_n< \infty$ then  $\prod (1-p_n)>0$. Hint given: First show that if $S<1$, then $\prod (1-p_n)\ge 1-S$.   Attempt: I was able to show the hint by using recursion setting $A_n=\prod_{i=1}^{n}(1-p_i)$ re expression the $\prod (1-p_n)$ as $1-S+\sum_{n_1, n_2=1,n_1<n_2 }^{\infty} p_{n_1}p_{n_2}-..... $ and observed that every subsequent term is less than the previous term hence  $\prod (1-p_n)\ge 1-S$ which is $>0$ if $S<1$ but am unsure about how to extend it to $S\ge1$.


Nobody but him was present.   Nobody but he was present.      Which is the correct usage and why?

As has been shown , in comparisons with than both the accusative and the nominative are possible and grammatical:        He loves you more than I.   He loves you more than me.      However, when we use but only the accusative seems possible:     Nobody will help you but me. [Not I]   What I think is that the nominative case could be justified as well.     Nobody will help you but I [will].     Why I am wrong? Any other examples and references will be appreciated.


Suppose $\{s_n\}$ and $\{t_n\}$ are bounded sequences of nonnegative numbers. Show that as $n\rightarrow \infty$ $$\limsup(s_n.t_n) ≤ \limsup(s_n) · \limsup(t_n)$$  My attempt:  Let $\limsup(s_n)=l$ and $\limsup(t_n)=m$ then $s_n<l+\epsilon$ for $n>N_1$ and $t_n<m+\epsilon$ for $n>N_2$. Also  $\{s_n\}$ and $\{t_n\}$ are bounded sequences, sequence $\{s_n.t_n\}$ is also bounded.  But $$s_nt_n<lm+l\epsilon +m\epsilon +\epsilon^2$$  How to prove that. I have no idea how to prove. Please help.

The question is based on the following exercise in real analysis:     Assume that $A,B\subset{\Bbb R}$ are both bounded and $x>0$ for all $x\in A\cup B$. Show that $$ \sup(AB)=\sup A\sup B $$   where    $$ AB:=\{ab\in{\Bbb R}:a\in A, b\in B\}. $$   Since $0<a\leq\sup A$ and $0<b\leq\sup B$ for all $a\in A$ and $b\in B$, we have $$ ab\leq\sup A\sup B $$ for all $ab\in AB$ which implies that $\sup AB\leq\sup A\sup B$. I have trouble with another direction: $$ \sup AB\geq\sup A\sup B $$ I was trying to show that for every $\epsilon >0$, $\sup AB-\epsilon \geq \sup A\sup B$. If one uses the definition of supremum, one has the estimates that for every $\epsilon>0$, $$ \sup A-\epsilon\leq a, \quad \sup B-\epsilon\leq b $$ for some $a\in A,\ b\in B$. It follows that $$ \sup A\sup B\leq (a+\epsilon)(b+\epsilon)=ab+\epsilon(a+b)+\epsilon^2\leq \sup AB+\epsilon (a+b)+\epsilon^2 $$ which seems quite close to what I want. How can I go on?


As a prepared caster, are you able to cast a quickened spell using a standard action instead of a swift action? I know a move action is not allowed to be converted into a swift action.

Can you use a move action to make a swift action?  What if you have 2 swift spells and a standard one, can you cast them all in one round?


To all the physics experts here this might sound like a stupid question, but I give it a try:  This is a sketch of how you usually learn about the effect of diffraction in an experiment:    Now I was asking myself for a long time: Those two rays that cancel each other do have a certain energy.  For regular rays that hit the screen, you could see their energy in the form of light, as they were reflected to your eyes and all other directions.  But now, where is the energy of the rays that cancel each other? Energy cannot vanish, so it must have transformed in some way, but this is only an assumption of mine.  Where is the energy of two rays that cancelled each other during the effect of diffraction?

What happens to the energy when waves perfectly cancel each other (destructive interference)? It appears that the energy "disappear" but the law of conservation of energy states that it can't be destructed. My guess is that the kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy. Or maybe it depends on the context of the waves where do the energy goes? Can someone elaborate on that or correct me if I'm wrong?


public static void main(String[] args)     {         final int ELEMENTS = 13;         //int[] array = new int[ELEMENTS];         char[] array1 = new char[ELEMENTS];         printWord(array1);      }      public static void printWord(char[] array)     {         Random random = new Random();         int[] letters = new int[array.length];         for(int index = 0; index < array.length; index++)         {             letters[index] = random.nextInt(122)+97;             System.out.println(letters[index]);          }         System.exit(0);     }   My problem occurs within the method printword(). When it assigns a random integer to letters in the for loop the random method adds the 97 to the 122 instead of having a random number between 97-122.  Question: I've always constructed my random method this way, and now its not working why? Can you help me with an alternative?

How do I generate a random int value in a specific range? I have tried the following, but those do not work: Attempt 1: randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);  Bug: randomNum can be bigger than maximum. Attempt 2: Random rn = new Random(); int n = maximum - minimum + 1; int i = rn.nextInt() % n; randomNum =  minimum + i;  Bug: randomNum can be smaller than minimum.


I am trying to print a random number between 80 and 100. However when I print out this number I am getting numbers over 100?  Random num = new Random(); int percent = 80 + num.nextInt(100); System.out.println(percent);


In a series of three items (e,g. "I have a big, a small and a medium sized dog."), do you include a comma after the second item in the series and before the conjunction (in this example after the word "small")?  Is this comma optional?

According to the Wikipedia page for the , "Use of the comma is consistent with conventional practice" and "Use of the comma is inconsistent with conventional practice." Did the Oxford Comma come before its omission, or was the Oxford Comma traditionally omitted?  It makes logical sense that every item in a list would be separated in the same way: by a comma. If the Oxford Comma is conventionally correct, when and why did people begin to omit it?


All I can remember was the main character is caught by a giant orange spidery thing (not on Earth) which lays eggs in him and keeps him alive, he goes mad when the babies start eating him but survives.

I read this book once as a teenager, I think it might have been written in the 1970s but could be late 1960s or early 1980s.  The protagonist is left to die hideously by enemies. He is paralysed and left on some planet (I don't believe it was earth) in the habitat of some kind of crablike creature, which injects him with its young, and periodically returns to force nutrient and a paralytic agent down his throat, as the larvae grows inside him.  He is rescued, and his body rebuilt to some kind of superhuman abilities, but he is traumatised and bent on indiscriminate revenge for his suffering. He proves hard to defeat.   He is eventually defeated by trickery, when he is shown (or demands to see) something by some kind of video link or remote TV/monitor - perhaps he is told that people he wants revenge on, are held captive for him, I can't be sure.   I think maybe he takes hostages or makes a severe threat, and his demands relate to the people he wants revenge on. But he can't be physically reached, so what can be done?  They set up a video feed, to negotiate, or more likely, to purportedly show him they have what (or who) he wants, and he looks to see.  When he looks at the video stream, it's actually an image of the crablike creature. The shock of repressed memories flooding back, renders him re-traumatised and perhaps catatonic, and defeats him.


What I mean is, could a chunk of matter be "whittled down" or broken off from a larger chunk of matter to the point where it has the mass either exactly of an electron or close to that and in the former case, would it have to be an electron and if somehow the charge of the original piece of matter was neutral or positive would the electron-sized piece suddenly become a negatively charged electron or I guess a positron perhaps. And in the latter case, would the chunk somehow "degenerate" into an electron, shedding the extra mass? I know particles can be created from like laser beams experimentally but it seems like nothing other than know particles are ever created -- never is there just a tiny piece of matter with no characteristics like charge and whatever else electrons/positrons have.

I have read that all electrons are identical and I assume the same for protons, etc. That is, all electrons are of the exact same mass and charge.  But do we really know this? Could there be slightly heavier electrons with slightly higher charge or is there a reason why such particles could not exist or would be unstable?


I deleted a licensed application, an sh10.dll file, a $200 program, by mistake and I can't get it back, I can't locate it at all. Resetting to prior date did not work. I called the company and they want to charge me again! I have Windows XP, an older version.  Help!

I've accidentally deleted some really important files on my machine, and I'm looking to find out how to recover them.  Using the Trash bins "restore" isn't an option, as the files aren't there (mostly likely I wasn't paying attention and permanently deleted them from there).  Is there any way that I can un-delete these files?


In the movies we have seen Dooku and Anakin, the two originally trained within the Jedi Order becoming Sith Lords. Even though Vader eventually reverted back into being a Jedi, he was originally a Jedi before becoming a Sith Lord. So, I would like to know if there has been the other way around: a Sith who were given training in the Force by the Sith, and then converted into the Jedi (either only accepting its teachings or also formally joining the Order)

I have heard of a ton of Jedi who have turned to the Dark Side and became a Sith (Exar Kun, Darth Malak). I've even heard of a few Jedi who have turned to the Dark Side and then found their way back to the Light (Revan, Anakin, Qel-Droma). But I cannot seem to recall any Sith who turned to the Light Side. I think I might have read of one, but I cannot remember the name or story.  Are there any Sith who have turned to the Light? Hell, have there even been any Sith that have turned to the Light Side and then returned to the shadows of the Dark Side?


can someone tell me how to fix this,  E: Malformed line 50 in source list /etc/apt/sources.list (dist parse) E: The list of sources could not be read.  running Ubuntu 12.04, downloading k9copy when happened,  appreciate your help and please give step by step instructions I am very new to this. Thanks

I have unistalled and reinstalled the Ubuntu Software Center as per info I found in a similar thread and I got the same response about line 91 or something like that.  I just tried to upload a screen shot but since I'm new it won't allow me to.  I also can not figure out how to cut and paste anything so I have to hand type what the error screen says, both when I attempt to open the software center and nothing happens, when I try to enter commands into the terminal to uninstall, reinstall, whatever I get the same following:  COULD NOT INTITIALIZE THE PACKAGE INFORMATION An unresolvable problem occured while initializing the package information Please report t:his bug against the 'update-manager' package and include the following error message: 'E: Malformed line 91 in source list/etc/apt/sources.list (dist parse)  E: The list of sources could not be read.,  E: The package list of status file could not be parsed or opened.   How do I report bugs?  What can be done about this.  I have searched and everything everyone says to do leads me back to the same line error message.  So, I don't know how to get to line 91 in the source list; to tell you what it says. Sorry, I'm really new to this. That is what I need is to find out how to get there and fix what it says. I would really like to NOT have to re partition my hard drive and start from scratch, so I'm really looking forward to getting this problem solved. I need to be able to install new software.


I have $3\times3$ matrices such that S=A+B. I know there is an inequality connecting rank of the matrices A, B and its sum S. Could you write down that here? It will be a great help for me.  Means equation  or inequality connecting rank(S), rank(A) and rank(B).

Show $\operatorname{rank}(A) + \operatorname{rank}(B) \ge \operatorname{rank}(A+B)$, where $A,B \in M_{m\times n}(\mathbb{F})$.   I'm trying to think in terms of linear transformations. We can define $T_a, T_b:\mathbb{F}^n\rightarrow \mathbb{F}^m$. I know that $\dim_{\mathbb F}\operatorname{Im} T_a, \dim_{\mathbb F}\operatorname{Im} T_b \le m$.  What should I do next?


Well, I’m just an ordinary High School passed student. I had passion towards space-time- relativity and other things related with physics :D I have been watching theories of physics like Big Bang from childhood and I have a question    this is the most popular image of Big Bang. Since beginning is a point why everything started in one way? Why not this might be possible?   Hmm.. Look since it’s a point its possible for events occurred in all possible directions ( infinite ). All these will make a Sphere of spate events around the point of big bang. And yes maybe it’s what a universe with infinite copies of itself.  Since those are separate from each other one’s presence will not affect one another other, but each of them will grow equally and laws of physics are valid for all those copies

TV documentaries invariably show the Big Bang as an exploding ball of fire expanding outwards. Did the Big Bang really explode outwards from a point like this? If not, what did happen?


I want to disable Two-factor authentication for my Apple ID.  When I log in to Apple ID website, and click edit, it lists Two-factor authentication as On, but does not allow me to turn it off.  How can I disable it?

Is it possible to turn off the Two-Factor Authentication for an Apple ID?  I have more than one device linked to this Apple ID and I know the password and security questions.