I created in emacs a bunch of (Chinese) flashcards with file extension .fls and they all had a file type "plain text document" and they all opened with emacs. I happened to open one of these files with Text Editor and this caused all of my new (or edited) files with *.fls file to be assigned file type "C source code" (and BYW without permission from me to do so.) In viewing the file properties window the "file type" is not changeable from any of the tabs. I can set these *.fls to open with emacs so the only problem is the file icon has a big blue C in the middle so the problem is mostly cosmetic. Nevertheless, I would like to fix this. The "answers" I have found so far seem only explain how to associate the the file type with an application to open it and not how to actually change the file type. So, how can I change the file type in Ubuntu 18.04?

I have a file that is formatted as a .doc, but Nautilus and LibreOffice insists that it is a .txt. Both precise and Ubuntu 12.10 are that way, but Google Docs can convert it (after playing with it).


so in the below code if exampleVar when first printed out would be zero then once printed out again, would be two yes? I am trying not to use a global variable and other than this, I cannot think of another way.  public int method ... {         int exampleVar = 0;         System.out.println(exampleVar); // would be zero         pmethod(exampleVar,);         System.out.println(exampleVar); // would be two?         }          private int pmethod(int exampleVar) {             exampleVar++;             if(exampleVar != 2){                pmethod(exampleVar);             }         }   the answer people are saying this one is a duiplicate of is not valid, as that answer although correct is far too noisy. using foo examples which are completely abstract and confusing. I have rejected that question as a Java novice as it isn't a clean and clear answer.

I always thought Java uses pass-by-reference. However, I've seen a couple of blog posts (for example, ) that claim that it isn't (the blog post says that Java uses pass-by-value). I don't think I understand the distinction they're making. What is the explanation?


Imagine three observers(top, right and left). From the top observer's point of view left and right's speed is the same, so they would go equally slower. From the right observer's point of view, the top observer has X speed, and the left observer has 2X speed. That means that for the top and the right observers, the difference of time flow of the left and the right is different. How is this possible? Did I misunderstand something?

Suppose we have two twins travelling away from each other, each twin moving at some speed $v$:    Twin $A$ observes twin $B$’s time to be dilated so his clock runs faster than twin $B$’s clock. But twin $B$ observes twin $A$’s time to be dilated so his clock runs faster than twin $A$’s clock. Each twin thinks their clock is running faster. How can this be? Isn’t this a paradox?


Strangely, in Amy Winehouse' song "In my bed" there's a line in the chorus which goes:     So sorry if I turn my head Yours is a familiar face But that don't   make your place safe   Obviously, "that" is like "it" and should be followed by "doesn't".  Is this a bold grammatical mistake? some extremely regional British* way to conjugate verbs? or maybe simply a style thing, to give the song more "colloquial" feeling"?     *although the song itself is sung with an American accent.

I'd like to know how the sentence "That don't impress me much" sounds to a native English speaker.  The phrase is the title of a song by Shania Twain, and to my eyes it contains a clear error. It is obviously intended, and I want to know what was the effect that the author wanted to obtain.  Other examples that come to mind:   “She's got a ticket to ride, but she don't care” — The Beatles “My love don't cost a thing” — Jennifer Lopez “It don't matter” — Akon “She don't care about me” — heard in the Lost series “It Don't Mean a Thing” — a jazz album title “The Sun Don't Lie” — another album title


I know this question has already been asked multiple times but I just can't figure it out. I am working on MacOS HighSierra 10.13.6 and QGIS 3.16. I also have Python 3.6 and 3.9 installed. Python 3.6.7 is accessed via python3 in the terminal. I try to run QGIS algorithms within my python script and am therefore lookin for sth like this: import os import sys sys.path.append('/Applications/QGIS.app/Contents/Resources/python/') sys.path.append('/Applications/QGIS.app/Contents/Resources/python/plugins') from qgis.core import *  But I always get this error: ImportError: dlopen(/Applications/QGIS.app/Contents/Resources/python/qgis/_core.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/qgis_core.framework/Versions/3.16/qgis_core   Referenced from: /Applications/QGIS.app/Contents/Resources/python/qgis/_core.so   Reason: image not found

I am trying to talk to the PyQGIS API for use in a 3rd party application using the offical .dmg image provided on the QGIS homepage.  After setting PYTHONPATH to /Applications/QGIS3.4.app/Contents/Resources/python and initializing everything as stated in , I am facing the following error when running from PyQt5.QtGui import or from qgis import *:    ImportError: dlopen(/Applications/QGIS3.4.app/Contents/Resources/python/PyQt5/QtGui.so, 2): Library not loaded: @executable_path/../Frameworks/QtGui.framework/QtGui   Referenced from: /Applications/QGIS3.4.app/Contents/Resources/python/PyQt5/QtGui.so   Reason: image not found   Looks like I need to set some linkers or similar?   Side facts: - I have no problems when using the homebrew version of QGIS). - I am on macOS 10.14.6 (Mojave)


I'm coding in php and I would be happy if someone could help me with a regex that would validate phone numbers in the format +233 245 245 245 or 0245 245 245.   I would also want the phone number to be validated whether or not the spaces are included. Thanks a lot in advance.

I'm trying to put together a comprehensive regex to validate phone numbers. Ideally it would handle international formats, but it must handle US formats, including the following:   1-234-567-8901 1-234-567-8901 x1234 1-234-567-8901 ext1234 1 (234) 567-8901 1.234.567.8901 1/234/567/8901 12345678901   I'll answer with my current attempt, but I'm hoping somebody has something better and/or more elegant.


I understand this question has been asked many times however, i am unable to understand the answers well enough and apply to my situation.  I have attached 2 screenshots of my model. There are 5 class labels   Firstly this is a model with a lower accuracy but with a higher ROC area.     Then i have a model with a higher accuracy but a lower ROC area.     How do i decide which model is a better one if the cost for misclassification for all classes is the same

I used sklearn to compute roc_auc_score for a dataset of 72 instances. The accuracy was at 97% (2 misclassifications), but the ROC AUC score was 1.0. How is this possible? I would think that even one misclassification should have dropped the score to slightly below 1.0.  # Python 3.6.4 # numpy==1.14.3 # scikit-learn==0.19.1 # scipy==1.1.0  from sklearn import metrics import numpy as np  y_true = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]) y_prob = np.array([0.0, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.7, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.9, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.7, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.0, 0.9, 0.0, 0.0, 0.4, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0])  # Show which actuals do not match their expected probabilities for index, (actual, predicted_prob) in enumerate(zip(y_true, y_prob)):   if (actual == 1 and predicted_prob <= 0.5) or (actual == 0 and predicted_prob > 0.5):     print (f'Mismatch at index {index}. Actual={actual}, predicted_prob={predicted_prob}')   rocauc = metrics.roc_auc_score(y_true, y_prob)     print (f'ROCAUC: {rocauc}')  # Outputs: # Mismatch at index 14. Actual=1.0, predicted_prob=0.5 # Mismatch at index 68. Actual=1.0, predicted_prob=0.4 # ROCAUC: 1.0   Then I debugged the score computation itself and looked at the coordinate ROC output.  # In sklearn/metrics/ranking.py, line 271: --> 271         fpr, tpr, tresholds = roc_curve(y_true, y_score,     272                                         sample_weight=sample_weight)  ipdb> fpr array([0.        , 0.        , 0.        , 0.18181818, 1.        ]) ipdb> tpr array([0.33333333, 0.66666667, 1.        , 1.        , 1.        ]) ipdb> tresholds array([0.9, 0.7, 0.4, 0.1, 0. ])  # coords = [] # for x, y in zip(fpr, tpr): #   coords.append((x, y))  ipdb> pp coords [(0.0, 0.3333333333333333),  (0.0, 0.6666666666666666),  (0.0, 1.0),  (0.18181818181818182, 1.0),  (1.0, 1.0)]   All of those coordinates are on x=0 or y=1, meaning ROCAUC is showing 1.0. The only plausible explanation I can think of is that if the alg had more fpr/tpr points, it would show a very tight curve that never reaches x,y = (0, 1), and the ROCAUC would be close to 1, but not exactly 1. Is that a reasonable interpretation or am I missing something?


When I run sudo apt-get update in Terminal of my Ubuntu 19.04, I get this:  E: Type 'universe' is not known on line 35 in source list /etc/apt/sources.list E: The list of sources could not be read.

Every once in a while I see users having issues to update due to errors like this:  E:Type 'ain' is not known on line 1 in source list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/some-ppa.list'   with varying types/line numbers/source list files (often after removing a PPA).  How can such an error be fixed?


The sentence  The movie was loud and the chatter was louder.  Should I need to add a comma before the and that joins the first sentence The movie was loud and the independent clause the chatter was louder? Which one is correct?   The movie was loud and the chatter was louder.  The movie was loud, and the chatter was louder.    I am not a native English speaker. Please explain your answer too.

I was once told by an English professor that a comma should never be used before but in a sentence. For years, I have followed her advice but sometimes I just feel like it just needs to be there. On the other hand, my brain also tells me that the word but is, in a sense, performing the same function as a comma in the sentence.    Does anyone know if there is a rule for this?


So I know that we can find if a key was pressed, and we can know which key was pressed by using javascript.  To determine if a key was down or pressed we can just use jQuery  $( "#some id" ).keydown(function()    or   $( "#m" ).keypress(function()    But this does not work pretty good for me. I am trying to determine if a letter, or a number were pressed.   BUT, to be efficient, I don't want to check with a big if (or a for loop, worse) whether the key pressed was a letter or a character(by comparing and checking the character code)  Is there like a built in javascript function that determines if a number was pressed or a letter was pressed? is there an efficient way of doing this? or I am just overcomplicating things?

With jQuery, how do I find out which key was pressed when I bind to the keypress event?  $('#searchbox input').bind('keypress', function(e) {});   I want to trigger a submit when ENTER is pressed.  [Update]  Even though I found the (or better: one) answer myself, there seems to be some room for variation ;)  Is there a difference between keyCode and which - especially if I'm just looking for ENTER, which will never be a unicode key?  Do some browsers provide one property and others provide the other one?


i am building a program as a cpu process handler and each process have doubles value there are no static methods or variables in process class and bursttime is randomly generated, the method i have is to compute the waiting time as a double counter, from an array of processes i add each process as an object to arraylist to add them to jtable but it gives me a null pointer exception in   process1[0].setWaitingtime(waittimecounter + process1[0].getWaitingtime());   why is this happening can any one give me a solution to try? thank you  this is my code   public class start extends javax.swing.JFrame {      public int processnumber = 100;     //public int processnumber = 100;     public int degree = 20;     public int contextswitch = 2;     public int timecountom = 10;      /**      * Creates new form start      */     public start() {         initComponents();         addRowToJTable();     }      public ArrayList listprocess() {         ArrayList<process> list = new ArrayList<process>();         process[] p = new process[processnumber];         fcfs(p);         for (int i = 0; i < processnumber; i++) {             list.add(p[i]);         }         return list;     }      public void addRowToJTable() {         DefaultTableModel model = (DefaultTableModel) jTable1.getModel();         ArrayList<process> list = listprocess();          Object rowData[] = new Object[4];         for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {             rowData[0] = i;             rowData[1] = list.get(i).getBursttime();             rowData[2] = list.get(i).getWaitingtime();             rowData[3] = list.get(i).getTurnaroundtime();             model.addRow(rowData);         }     }      public void fcfs(process[] proces) {         double turnaroundtimecounter = 0;         double waittimecounter = 0;         double turnaroundcounter = 0;         int index = degree - 1;         double avgwaitingtime = 0;         double avgturnaroundtime = 0;         process[] process1 = new process[degree];         for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {             process1[i] = proces[i];         }         //for(int j=0;j<processnumber;j++)         for (int i = 0; i < processnumber; i++) {             process1[0].setWaitingtime(waittimecounter + process1[0].getWaitingtime());             turnaroundcounter = process1[0].getBursttime() + turnaroundcounter;             process1[0].setTurnaroundtime(turnaroundcounter);             waittimecounter = process1[0].getBursttime() + waittimecounter;             proces[i] = process1[0];             for (int f = 0; f < degree; f++) {                 process1[f] = process1[f + 1];             }             if (index < 100) {                 process1[19] = process1[index];                 process1[19].setWaitingtime(-waittimecounter);                 index++;             }         }         avgwaitingtime = waittimecounter / processnumber;         avgturnaroundtime = turnaroundcounter / processnumber;     }

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


I'm using Ubuntu 14.04 and like it very much but I can't update anything because I forgot my password and authentication is required.  This is a home computer and I am a single user who doesn't even care about passwords.  I've done a lot of research and have tried the routine password changing steps ..  recovery mode .. mount -rw -0 remount / etc.. which got me “authentication token manipulation error password unchanged.  I’ve read the threads and tried the fixes with no luck.  You know in the beginning I might have set my password before I set the time/date and another guy who did that got the same message and claimed that that had caused his problem.  He fixed his by deleting the encrypted password in the /etc/shadow file and then doing thesudo passwd username fix to create a new password.  He never said how he deleted the encrypted password and that is where I am stuck trying his fix. When I look at cat /etc/shadow I can see the encrypted password right next to my user name but I can't get into the field to delete it.    Where and how do I delete this password so that I can create a new one.  Any help would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks

I'm working on a Ubuntu system, and my client has completely forgotten his administrative password. He doesn't even remember entering one; however it is there.  I've tried the suggestions on the website, and I have been unsuccessful in deleting the password so that I can download applets required for running some files. Is there a solution?


Hi (im spanish sorry for my english) im try to put this command in minecraft but not works, i need place a lever in chiseled stone bricks. /give @p lever 1 0 {CanPlaceOn:["minecraft:stonebrick 3"]}  im in 1.8.9

I'm currently in the process of making a custom map and I want to add blocks that can only be placed on a certain colour clay.  This is the command I tried using.  /give @p cobblestone 1 0 {CanPlaceOn:["hardened_stained_clay"],Damage:3}   However, even with this command the cobblestone can be placed on any colour of stained clay. What command can I use for placing only on a certain block?


Do the magical portraits, like the ones of the headmasters of Hogwarts, still have all their memories?  Hypothetical example: If Harry's parents were on a portrait, would they just love Harry and be good parents for him to have a nice talk with OR would they be able to tell him it wasn't Sirius who betrayed them but Peter Pettigrew?

Much in the way that Dumbledore told Harry that it was unhealthy to stare at the reflection of his parents in "The Socerer's/Philosopher's Stone," I get the feeling that it would be easy to want to form a relationship with a portrait of a dead loved one.  For example, were I Harry, I might want to go back and speak with the Dumbledore portrait on a regular basis, to tell him about my kids and my career, and hear what "he would have said" on subjects he otherwise will never have the opportunity to comment on.  But are Hogwarts portraits - which have been described in other answers here to mainly repeat "catchphrases" and mimic general behavior - able to respond to novel stimuli and learn new information?  The case of Phineas Nigellus seems to indicate that they can, to some degree.  My impression (based upon previous answers to questions relating to the portraits) is that it would be like talking to an advanced A.I. bot, in that it might respond in appropriate, if occasionally bland or repetitive ways.  Although the examples we have in the actual books make their responses seem reasonably sophisticated and sentient.    So what kind of response would Harry would get if he returned to Dumbldore's portrait to tell him, "I married Ginny Weasely!" or "I named one of my sons after you!" or "Do you think I should be an Auror?"


Say I have a list=['apple','orange','durian','blackberry']  How do I find the position of 'durian' using while or for loops I know there's a code called list.index('durian') but I want to know the position of the specific item using for/while loops

Given a list ["foo", "bar", "baz"] and an item in the list "bar", how do I get its index (1) in Python?


I am going to be installing Linux, Ubuntu on a laptop this evening with the following basic specs:  Core i3 Processor 4GB RAM 500gb HDD Intel HD 3000 Graphics  would the basic, normal, most recent and up-to-date Ubuntu version run well on this setup?  I'm going to be replacing Windows 8 with Ubuntu, from a USB Drive, and I wish to do this with a minimal amount of headache.  Also, any tips/tricks to make this go more smoothly?

For a given hardware configuration, how do I find out if Ubuntu will run on it? What considerations should I take into account when choosing an Ubuntu version and  such as:    with a lighter desktop than the usual Gnome and Unity  with the even lighter LXDE desktop   Obviously Ubuntu does not run on some processor architectures. So how do I go about choosing the right version and derivate. How can I find out the minmal system requirements?


How to calculate the gradient of $f(x)=x^TAx+b^Tx$  when $A$ is symmetric and when $A$ is not symmetric?   I will have confirmation if the computation of the gradient of $f$ when $A$ is a square matrix of size $n \times n$ non-symmetric and when $A$ is symmetric.  I begin my proof  $f:R^n \to R$  1) A is no symmetric:  It is already noted that : $f(x)=a^TAx=x^TA^Tx$ because $a^TAx$ is a scalar$ So about calculating gradient of $$ and he does that using the concept of exterior derivative.   $f(x+a)=(x+a)^T(x+h)+b^T(x+h)$  $x^TAx+a^Ax+x^Aa+a^TAa+B^Tx+B^Th$  $f(x)+x^T(A+A^T)a+a^T+B^Tx+B^Th$  $∇f(x)a=(A+A^T+B^T)x+B^Th$  2) A is symmetric so $A^T=A$  $∇f(x)a=$2Ax  It would be great if someone could help me solve the problems I will be very thankful  Also ,  I will also have another question in both cases the staging for a decadent gradient and quasi newton algorithm, thank you  Paul-henri

It's stated that the gradient of:  $$\frac{1}{2}x^TAx - b^Tx +c$$  is   $$\frac{1}{2}A^Tx + \frac{1}{2}Ax - b$$  How do you grind out this equation? Or specifically, how do you get from $x^TAx$ to $A^Tx + Ax$?


Why does the city of Minas Morgul glow green?    Please answer with quotes from original Tolkien stories and writings.

In the LOTR the Return of the King we see Minas Morgul as a giant tower that emits green light.   What are these lights and why are they there?


I bought Johnson motors for making bot and its max load current is 9A.My batterys are 12V 1.3AH. I gotta problem with my motor driver circuit.It has L293D(2A peak). If load increases on motor current may increase damaging the IC so I am thinking to limit current drawn by motor to 1.8A. Will it work even if load increases and only 2A current is provided? Will Any of the component get damaged?What should i do? Thanks..

What will happen if motor requirement due to more load is high(lets say 5A) and we limit current with current limiting circuit to lets say 2A. what will happen.. will it work without anything getting damaged?If not what should i do? Thanks..


What is the easiest way to create a color gradient texture in blender?   Original Question:   I want to apply a color gradient texture to an object, but I cannot figure out how to do so. I have read several guides that point to a "gradient texture" texture type when using the cycles render engine, but it just does not exist in my version of blender. I have tried switching back and forth between rendering engines, restarting blender, all sorts of stuff.    I am using Blender 2.74 in manajaro (arch linux based distro).

I am wondering how to recreate some kinds of effects (you can easily do in Photoshop) in Blender.  I want to create the gradient textures like ones pictured below, should I render objects and blur them in compositor? Or can I achieve it using only material nodes?


The lights themselves are not visible, but they are visible in reflective materials such as mirrors. how to fix this?

I have a scene which must appear as if it's lit by a very small mesh lamp.  To optimize performance, what I'm trying to do is place a point lamp inside of the mesh lamp, and have the point lamp shine through the mesh lamp by having the mesh lamp's back faces be transparent.  However, in the reflection of the lamp on a glossy material, the point lamp shines through the mesh lamp:    I've tried making the point lamp invisible to glossy surfaces via Ray Visibility, and having the mesh lamp only be visible to glossy surfaces and the camera.  While this works, it makes rough glossy surfaces quite noisy, partially defeating the purpose of using a point lamp instead of a mesh lamp in the first place:    Are there any other solutions?


This might be an idiotic question, cause I can't find anything related on the internet.  I have a function to update a post (wording / text) in the SQL database..I have switch hosting companies, and with all the shit that fell apart - I am unable to solve this specific one. I am using the same SQL version on this hosting company as on the previous one....  I get this error message :      You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'n boodskap of n ding moet hier wees' WHERE idd = '13'' at line 1   The closest 'error code' to this situation I could find was - When SQL gives you this message, it means your entire code is messed up and it can't seem to understand what you want to do.  The line of code with the error is very simple -   mysqli_query($conn, "UPDATE msgs SET messg = $dibod WHERE idd = $id")   Also tried  mysqli_query($conn, "UPDATE msgs SET messg = '$dibod' WHERE idd = $id")   And  mysqli_query($conn, "UPDATE `msgs` SET `messg` = '$dibod' WHERE `idd` = '$id'")   The only thing that changed is the error code - it displays the error message with quotes/backslashes

If user input is inserted without modification into an SQL query, then the application becomes vulnerable to , like in the following example:  $unsafe_variable = $_POST['user_input'];   mysql_query("INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES ('$unsafe_variable')");   That's because the user can input something like value'); DROP TABLE table;--, and the query becomes:  INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES('value'); DROP TABLE table;--')   What can be done to prevent this from happening?


I have a Nikon D7000 and need to buy a polarising lens but don't know what size lens I need. I have the the starter kit lens AF-S Nikkor 18-105mm1.35-5.6g ED. I'm new to photography.

I was looking to get a circular polarizing filter and an UV filter for my Canon 550D, 18-135mm lens. When I checked online I found these filters came in different sizes, like 62mm, 67mm, 72mm, 77mm. How do I know which is right?  Also, will there be any degradation of photo quality if I put both these filters on the lens?


Since solution of a heat flow problem means to determine the temperature distribution in a medium.Likewise i want to know that what the solution of wave equation depict?

What does the solution of a wave equation represent? When one finds a solution to a wave equation, how can one interpret this solution? Does the solution show the behavior of a wave?


In the beginning of Order of Phoenix, Mrs Figg tells Harry not to put his wand away as "there might be more of them around".  I assumed she could see the Dementors. (They didn't attack her, so the only way she could have known they're around by seeing them. Maybe she felt them, but it's unlikely for a Squib who virtually never left her house to know that feeling too well; and jump to the conclusion that there are Dementors in Little Whinging.)  At the hearing, the Wizengamot aren't sure if Squibs can see Dementors. Harry suspects she has only seen a picture of a Dementor. But she does describe the feeling of having a Dementor around accurately.  So which one is it? Can she or can she not see Dementors?  EDIT: I disagree this is a duplicate of . That is a different question, as evident from the wording. The connection between squibs and dementors has been mentioned in passing and is not definitively answered there. Please read the answer here and my comment below it.

I was petting my cat when I started musing, how does Mrs. Norris communicate/talk with Mr. Filch, the Caretaker at Hogwarts? Throughout the books it is mentioned that Mrs. Norris helps Filch to patrol the corridors. She acts as a lookout/spy/assistant to Filch, whereby she is often walking the corridors at night looking for law-breakers, and runs off to Mr. Filch to complain whenever she notices anything. She also polices the owls as well, apparently.  Well, is Mrs. Norris a magical cat? Mr. Filch is a Squib, so he does not have particular magical powers, but he still can see ghosts, dementors and thestrals, so does he have some special provisions to understand 'cat talk' or has an ability to talk with cats? 'Catsletoungue'? Would love to know!   Thanks.  Add: Ok even if Mrs. Norris could somehow meow to Mr. Filch to follow him to a particular place, which is understandable, how does Mr. Filch instruct Mrs. Norris where to go on, which corridor to patrol, which door to watch, etc., every single night?  For example.  "Sniff around, my sweet, they may be lurking in a corner."  Filch speaking to Mrs. Norris. (Sorcerer's Stone - Page 157)


I showed as an exercise that for an additive function $T: V\to W$, if $T(u+v)= T(u)+T(v)$, then if the field is the rationals, we get that the linearity implies scalar multiplication, i.e.  $T(qv)=qT(v)$ for all q in rationals and v in V and so T is actually a linear transformation. My question is, if the field was all of R, can we conclude the same thing? I think not, but is there a way to extend this result by maybe introducing limiting procedures into the vector space? Thanks!

The  asks about functions $f \colon \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ such that $$f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y).$$ It is a very well-known functional equation, which appears in various areas of mathematics ranging from exercises in freshman classes to constructing useful counterexamples for some advanced questions. Solutions of this equation are often called . Also a few other equations related to this equation are often studied. (Equations which can be easily transformed to Cauchy functional equation or can be solved by using similar methods.) Is there some overview of basic facts about Cauchy equation and related functional equations - preferably available online?


I'm trying to figure out how to find the hostnames of computers on the LAN network. I put in the known address of a computer, but I'm getting an error I don't understand.  michaelsavich@noranetserver:~$ host 10.1.10.10 10.10.1.10.in-addr.arpa has no PTR record   Both computers are on the same LAN, so the issue isn't with port forwarding or anything. For the record, the computer I ran host on was running Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS, and 10.1.10.10 should belong to a MacBook.

My network includes machines running Linux and others running Windows. And my machine is running Linux.


My backpack has many pins on it to show where all I have traveled. Would American Airlines allow me to carry that with those on or take them all off?

I usually leave my lapel pin in my suit jacket, but if necessary I can pack it into my check-in luggage.  For a domestic flight within the U.S., is this something I need to worry about?


It is a dialogue from a famous movie "Home alone" it is something like below:  The way I'm feeling right now no murderer or mugger would dare mess with me.  And now I am wondering, why it is not "no mugger or murderer would dare to mess with me" can anyone tell what's the difference?

Which is the most appropriate improvement in the following     I am surprised that he dares speak in such a tone to his father.     a) he dares to speak b) he dare to speak c) he dare speak    I think the answer should be 'c' but the book says 'a'.


I've always read that all matter has gravity. But, can we observe it? I mean, The Earth pulls us but what about small daily objects?  For example, if we release 2 small objects in space, do they get closer?  My point of asking this question is that, maybe the gravity comes from the rotation of the Earth, not from its mass. I know I'm wrong by saying that but I want to know about the experiment and observation (aka proof) of that concept.

As the title suggests, Can the effects of a person's mass upon the local gravitational field be detected and measured remotely?  I am aware any mass produces and effects gravity but couldn't find anything in my searching if it is possible or theoretically possible to detect this effect remotely.


On creating a class object with 'new' keyword,why is an object heap created instead of stack?Would stack not be a better option since it is faster,performs contiguous allocation and does not need manual deletion(free/delete)? If objects of a particular class have the same template then why do we need dynamic allocation?(justification for heap) [×××Please note that my doubt is not about which option a programmer must choose,but instead about why the compiler behaves the way it does in the above case.×××]

Programming language books explain that value types are created on the stack, and reference types are created on the heap, without explaining what these two things are. I haven't read a clear explanation of this.  I understand what a stack is. But,    Where and what are they (physically in a real computer's memory)? To what extent are they controlled by the OS or language run-time? What is their scope? What determines the size of each of them? What makes one faster?


Let $G$ be a group, where $(ab)^3=a^3b^3$ and $(ab)^5=a^5b^5$. Prove that $G$ is an Abelian group. I know that the answer for this question has been already posted and I have seen it. However, could somebody explain in detail the steps required to prove that $G$ is an Abelian group. Why, for example, could not we just divide $ababab = aaabbb$ by $ab$, get $abab = aabb$, cancel $a$ and $b$ and get $ba = ab$?

Let G be a group, where $(ab)^3=(a^3)(b^3)$ and $(ab)^5=(a^5)(b^5)$. Prove that $G$ is abelian group.  Thank you in advance. Any help is appreciated.


I'm doing a drupal 7 website, I've now started to experience a "EntityMalformedException: Missing bundle property on entity of type node. in entity_extract_ids() (line 7820 of C:\xampp----\includes\common.inc)." error whn I try to view a node in full view mode and only if I'm logged in as administrator.  This is happening here:  if (!empty($info['entity keys']['bundle'])) { // Explicitly fail for malformed entities missing the bundle property. if (!isset($entity->{$info['entity keys']['bundle']}) || $entity->{$info['entity keys']['bundle']} === '') {   var_dump($entity);   throw new EntityMalformedException(t('Missing bundle property on entity of type @entity_type.', array('@entity_type' => $entity_type))); }   I found some pages about this error but none seems to apply to my case. I put a var_dump just before the instruction throwing the exception and all I get is bool(false). I've checked all the bool fields of the node and they all have #bundle correctly set.  I think the problem might have started after installing the database optimization module. I found some information regardin this error and clearing the form_cache but I didn't understand if this can apply to my case.  I guess these hints are enough to trace the problem for a drupal expert, unfortunately not for me.  Any suggestion? Thanks

I've got fatal error EntityMalformedException: Missing bundle property on entity of type node. in entity_extract_ids() (line 7700 of .\includes\common.inc) when trying to access user/xyz.  I tried to retrieve info about the malformed node at line 7700, where the error message is built, thinks like :  if (!isset($entity->{$info['entity keys']['bundle']}) || $entity->{$info['entity keys']['bundle']} === '') {  dpm($info);// or dpm($entity);  throw new EntityMalformedException(t('Missing bundle property on entity of type @entity_type.', array('@entity_type' => $entity_type))); }   dpm($entity) returns an unexpected user object, and $info a huge qty of things.   Could somebody put me on the right way ?  I already read whatever I could find about Missing bundle property errors, but none helped solving.  dpm($entity) returns  uid (String, 2 characters ) 70 name (String, 9 characters ) John pass (String, 55 characters ) $S$DUwPuOuDPiDL4nRTYXqc7a5uOfMKey7pyhOFUEKka1XM... mail (String, 30 characters ) john@example.com theme (String, 0 characters ) signature (String, 0 characters ) signature_format (String, 13 characters ) filtered_html created (String, 10 characters ) 1396286331 access (String, 10 characters ) 1397146661 login (String, 10 characters ) 1396513460 status (String, 1 characters ) 1 timezone (NULL) language (String, 2 characters ) fr picture (NULL) init (String, 30 characters ) john@example.com data (Array, 5 elements) roles (Array, 1 element) og_user_node (Array, 0 elements) message_subscribe_email (Array, 1 element) field_bio (Array, 0 elements) field_name_first (Array, 1 element) field_name_last (Array, 1 element) field_facebook_url (Array, 0 elements) field_linkedin_url (Array, 0 elements) field_twitter_url (Array, 0 elements) user_trusted_contacts (Array, 1 element) group_group (Array, 1 element) group_access (Array, 1 element) metatags (Array, 0 elements) rdf_mapping (Array, 3 elements) realname (String, 13 characters ) John Doe content (Array, 13 elements) entity_view_prepared (Boolean) TRUE privatemsg_disabled (Boolean) FALSE


This can't be achieved, you cannot instantiate an already instantiated final object:  private void myMethod(){     final Object object = null;      object = new Object(); }   Eclipse gives you an error message:  The final local variable object cannot be assigned. It must be blank and not using a compound assignment  However, if you pass this object to another method:  private void _myMethod(Object object){     object = new Object(); }   This can be achieved!  final form:  private void myMethod(){     final Object object = null;      _myMethod(object); }  private void _myMethod(Object object){     object = new Object(); }   Could anyone explain me this? It is so confusing how Java works.

I always thought Java uses pass-by-reference. However, I've seen a couple of blog posts (for example, ) that claim that it isn't (the blog post says that Java uses pass-by-value). I don't think I understand the distinction they're making. What is the explanation?


How can I run the command below recursively on all directories and sub-directories within?  [someone@someones-pc ~]$ for i in *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i "$i" -i watermark.png -filter_complex "overlay=1623:25" /output/directory/"${i%.*}.mp4"; done   Right now the above command will only search for all .mp4's within the chosen directory and run the command(s) on them, however if I have another directory or deeper sub-directories containing more .mp4's this will not find them. How can I alter this command to run on other .mp4's that are also in other sub-directories and possibly even deeper within?    EDIT: (found this here on stackexchange)  How can this script be edited to work with my FFmpeg command above?  #!/bin/bash  WM=$HOME/public_html/image/catalog/logo-website/watermark.png  # This is the path to your watermark image SCALE=100                          # This sets the scale % of your watermark image STARTDIR="/home/whatever/images"   # This is the directory to start in  for imagedir in $( find $STARTDIR -type d ) do   echo "Running in $imagedir ..."   cd $imagedir   file -i * | grep image | awk -F':' '{ print $1 }' | while read IMAGE   do     echo "Watermarking $IMAGE"     composite -dissolve 40% -gravity SouthEast -quality 100 \( $WM -resize $SCALE% \) "$IMAGE" "$IMAGE"   done done

A simple for loop in Unix would be:  for FILE in $BASE_WORK_DIR/*.pdf    do      echo $FILE    done   This will echo all .pdf files inside BASE_WORK_DIR directory.   What if BASE_WORK_DIR contains sub directories as well which also contain the pdf file.  In that case how can I design my for loop to take all pdf files from BASE_WORK_DIR as well as sub directories of BASE_WORK_DIR ?


I am a high school student and I am a little confused in cellular respiration, To represent respiration many biology text books just writes, C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O But in actual biological oxidation of glucose 10 molecules of water are release and not 6, so where does the 4 molecule go? please explain this in simple language, because I am at the high school level .I, don't know much about this, so please keep your answer on to the point.

I am studying the aerobic degradation of glucose and it seems that for every glucose molecule we should obtain $\ce{10H2O}$ molecules. However, it is known that we only obtain 6.  $\ce{C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O}$  (I am not going to focus in all products and reactants, but just in the important ones for the formation of water molecules)   First, in the glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose we obtain two water molecules, $\ce{2NADH+}$ and 2 pyruvate molecules. By the oxidation of two pyruvate molecules we obtain $\ce{2NADH+}$ and 2 acetyl Co-A molecules. So we are going to pass twice through the Krebs cycle, obtaining $\ce{6NADH+}$ and $\ce{2FADH2}$, and requiring 4 water molecules.  So, when we arrive to the electron transport chain, we have a negative balance of 2 water molecules, and we have $\ce{10NADH+}$ and $\ce{2FADH2}$. We have been told that for every of these molecules 2 electrons go to the electron transport chain, that means that a total of 24 electrons go to the system. The problem comes here:  $\ce{4e- + 4H+ + O2 = 2H2O}$  So, bearing in mind that we have $24e^-$, 12 water molecules should be formed, so at the end, we have gained 10 water molecules, but we know that the number of water molecules formed should be 6. So, clearly there is something wrong in my explanation. I would be very pleased if you could tell me what is wrong.  Thanks in advance.


I want to sort the collection before processing. I used to use this method:  foreach (var item in Items.OrderBy(i => i.property1)) {  ... }   Now i need to sort it by property2, if property values is equals between two items. Is there any method to do that logic via LINQ expression?

I have two tables, movies and categories, and I get an ordered list by categoryID first and then by Name.  The movie table has three columns ID, Name and CategoryID. The category table has two columns ID and Name.  I tried something like the following, but it didn't work.  var movies = _db.Movies.OrderBy( m => { m.CategoryID, m.Name })


Inspired by , I thought it would be helpful to have a list of the scenery types that can and cannot be destroyed by weapons fire, grenades, etc.

Just so I know where not to hide my Heavy soldier behind.


The only Desktop Environment I ever used was Xfce, now for sheer curiosity, I installed Kali Linux. I clicked here and there on the Desktop in a vain hope to get info about the Environment itself. Is there a standard procedure to check the name of the Desktop Environment from the command-line, maybe something like: ps -e | grep xxx  but then, I do not know what I could try to grep. I just mentioned Kali Linux as an example, I would like to know how to do it in general.

I am writing a bash script that needs to know which desktop environment (XFCE, Unity, KDE, LXDE, Mate, Cinnamon, GNOME2, GNOME3,... ) is running.  How can I obtain that information?


I have two passports, both US and China. I want to visit China with my Chinese passport for its convenience. Therefore, when I book my round-trip ticket to China, I have to enter my Chinese passport info and show them to the airline staff. So here comes the questions:   Since it was a round-trip ticket, my returning ticket also shows my Chinese passport info, if I show my green card to the airline staff, will they be able to verify the validity of my green card? (Since my green card automatically becomes invalid after I became a US citizen) In other words, will the APIS system verify visa/green card info other than just return a security clearance (check 'no-fly list' etc)? Since I already entered my Chinese passport info as the APIS record, when I enter the US immigration, I have to use my US passport, but obviously the passport information won't match with the APIS record, will CBP consider this as a big problem?   I know somebody will ask me to enter my US passport info for APIS record for both departure and arrival flights, but I'm worried that the airline will submit these information to Chinese authorities, then they will know I have a US passport, but I don't have Chinese visa on it, also they may confiscate my Chinese passport.

I am a citizen of two different countries, and have two passports.  How should I use my passports when traveling?


I'm primarily a SW developer who dabbles with electronics. I needs to interface my SoC's HW full-duplex UART with an SDI-12 compliant sensor, without burning either of them and hopefully without wasting too much power. The following constraints are given:   Full-duplex side operates on 3.3V, normal polarity (i.e. logic LOW is 0V and logic HIGH is 3.3V), has separate TX (output) and RX (input) pins. Half-duplex side operates anywhere between 3.5V-5.5V, inverted polarity, has a single TX/RX pin There vast majority of the time the line will be silent (i.e. the wire connecting to sensors TX/RX pin will be at 0V The wire leading to a sensors TX/RX pin might be long (just in case any funkiness of high parasitic inductance or something should change my design).   The circuit I drafted quickly:         – Schematic created using   In particular I'm curious if you had any comments about the choice of particular components and their values.

I am using a 5V microcontroller to communicate with a Bluetooth module operating at 3.3V.  I have regulated the output from the 5V microcontroller rail to 3.3V rail for the Bluetooth module.   Since I am using a UART, I need to use a TX pin to go to the RX. The issue here I found is that the pins to the Bluetooth module aren't tolerable to 5V. So I decided to use a voltage divider to get 3.3V on the output.   Now, I got the UART TX working on the microcontroller side. Connecting to the RX of the Bluetooth, I see a logic 1 at the output.  After some debugging I found that infact the logic level is shifting between 2.3V for logic 1 and 1.79V for logic 0 (but this doesn't register as a 0). I presume 1.79V. Looking at the schematics of the Bluetooth Module, I found that the RX pin seems to be in tri-state between 2 resistors to VCC and GND. I need a 0V or lower than a certain tolerance for logic 0.  What can I use to get the proper logic level on the output for proper serial communication?


Supposing $b > 0$ and $a < b$, how could I prove:  $$ \frac{a}{b} < \frac{a+1}{b+1} $$

I'm trying to show that $\dfrac{a}{b} < \dfrac{a + 1}{b + 1}$ given $a < b$ and $b$ is positive.  Ideas?


I'd like to full install ubuntu to a 128gb usb3 thumb drive. I'd like to prevent any chance of me jacking up the main hard drive in the latop during installation.  Is there something I can do, like unmount the hard drive to prevent it from showing up in the installer when setting up partitions? Ideally I would physically disconnect the drive, but this is not an option.  I'd also like to guarantee that no boot loaders or anything are installed on the main hard disk. Basically, I want the ubuntu installer to think the drive doesn't even exist. Everything will be installed to the thumb drive and I'll use the bios boot sequence to choose to boot from the thumb drive or the hard disk.   Thanks!

I'd like to see the full How-To on how to use manual partitioning during Ubuntu installation. The existing guides (at least those I found here) cover only automatic part and leave untouched the manual part (or extremely short and contain no pictures).  I'd like to cover such situations:     If your disk contains other systems:


I am attempting to create an array that will compare the contents of two cells and return a resultant text to a third cell. I am able to make it work as a formula in a single cell, but when I attempt to make it an array, I get parse errors.  The formula that works on a single row is:  =IF(AND(F3="Female",H3<1),"pink",IF(AND(F3="Female",H3>1),"red",IF(AND(F3="Male",H3<1),"blue",IF(AND(F3="Male",H3>1),"green"))))  I have tried the following two arrays without success:     =arrayformula(IF(AND(F3:F="Female",H3:H<1),"pink",IF(AND(F3:F="Female",H3:H>1),"red",IF(AND(F3:F="Male",H3:H<1),"blue",IF(AND(F3:F="Male",H3:H>1),"green")))))  and     =arrayformula(IF(AND($F$3:$F="Female",$H$3:$H<1),"pink",IF(AND($F$3:$F="Female",$H$3:$H>1),"red",IF(AND($F$3:$F="Male",$H$3:$H<1),"blue",IF(AND($F$3:$F="Male",$H$3:$H>1),"green")))))  Any ideas?

I have a spreadsheet document with a formula comparing a list of URLs to lists on two other sheets within the document.  I desire to know if each URL on the first list is present on the blocklist, whitelist, both, or neither.  Note that I have used named ranges on all three URL columns (minus the header, e.g. 'sheetname'!A2:A1000').  Here is my current formula:  =if(len(REQUESTS),if(AND(countif(BLOCK,REQUESTS),countif(WHITE,REQUESTS)),"ON BOTH",if(countif(BLOCK,REQUESTS),"Blocked",if(countif(WHITE,REQUESTS),"Whitelisted","Pending addition to a list"))),"")   This works as expected, except that I need to drag it down to each row in the sheet containing the requests.  When I add it to an ARRAYFORMULA, the AND no longer works. Any URL present in both BLOCK and WHITE returns "Blocked".  =ARRAYFORMULA(if(len(REQUESTS),if(AND(countif(BLOCK,REQUESTS),countif(WHITE,REQUESTS)),"ON BOTH",if(countif(BLOCK,REQUESTS),"Block",if(countif(WHITE,REQUESTS),"White","Pending addition to a list"))),""))  Actual location(s)  Working formula               With ARRAYFORMULA neither             Pending addition to a list    Pending addition to a list white               White                         White block               Block                         Block BOTH                ON BOTH                       Block   If it helps, when I swapped the if(White) and if(Block), I get "White" when it is on both.  Any ideas why the addition of ARRAYFORMULA breaks my logic, or an alternative method of getting the formula to repeat as needed?


Suppose R is a commutative ring with identity. Let $a$, $b$, $c\in R$. If $a\mid b$ and $b\mid c$, does $a\mid c$?   I am able to prove this statement using integers as the set $\mathbb{Z}$ of integers is closed under multiplication but I am not too sure if this statement holds when dealing with Rings. Does this have to do with the associates or units in $R$?

As the title says, if a number is divisible by a number, is it always divisible by that number's factors?  An example being that $100$ is divisible by $20$, it is also divisible by $10, 5, 4, 2$ as well?  Does this always apply?


The most common ratio of picture to print (by far) is 4x6.  So why don't smartphones default to this aspect ratio?

The most common width to height ratio rates in the "old good" paper photography seems to be 3:2, which was adopted by today's DSLRs. Early (non-professional) digital cameras adopted 4:3 aspect ratio, which was the industry standard for computer monitors and for consumer TV sets. Prints are often 5:4 (as in 4"x5" or 8"x10"). Wide-format monitors are 16:9. Does anyone have any idea where and why these aspect ratio conventions were adopted in the first place?


As mentioned in  question, the probability of winning, with an $n$-card per $k$ suit deck, a counting-up match card game (where you count through each of $n$ cards in order $k$ times and lose if you ever match the card drawn, i.e. you lose if card $i\equiv i \mod k$), is:  $$P(n,k)=\frac{1}{(nk)!}\intop_0^{\infty}x^{nk}R_k\left(-\frac{1}{x}\right)^{n}e^{-x}dx,$$  here $R$ represents a (square)   From my simulations it seems to be that $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}P(n,k)$ is well-defined and nonzero for all fixed $k$; what is the limit? I've never been good with factorial limits, let alone with the Rook polynomials involved.

A similar question to mine was answered here on stackexchange:    However, I am unable to follow the formulas so perhaps someone could show the calculation and the way they arrived at it to answer this question.  My card game is very similar, except the counting of cards goes all the way from 1 (Ace) through to King and then restarts.  If you can make it through an entire deck of cards without hitting the same ranked card you win.  So, for example, if you call out Ace - 2 -3 - 4 - 5 - 6, etc. and hit "7" when you've just called out "7", you lose.  What is the chance of winning this card game?


Before the last shutdown of Ubuntu 20.04 my storage space of disk was very low, then after starting my laptop this error occurs. Error: no partition found Cannot read or write outside partition   When I enter into the command line by pressing the c key grub> loads, but on giving commands like ls, cd, sudo, etc. it says error: can't find command... After pressing the power button, the first thing that comes to the screen is error: no such partition, four times the same sentence is repeated, and at the end Press any key to continue On pressing any key, some options appear.  Ubuntu Advanced options for Ubuntu Memory test  but all results to reload the boot but no results. On restarting sometimes this kernel panic screen also appears.  Another time it goes until ubuntu logo appears after which login field to appear but after logo, immediately black screen appears saying  /dev/sda4: clean, 1500298/7749632 files, 29454730/30995712 blocks  And nothing happens, until I press power button and it shutdowns

I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 and I want to free up some space in my root directory, which is overloaded. I especially want to change the path used for installing applications (they are getting installed directly to the root drive).  Another consideration is that I'm working on a MySQL database server. The server is installed in the root directory itself, so I don't want to  risk losing any data.  Please give me some tips to help sort out this problem.


What will happen to my Questions, Answers, Comments etc if I delete my account?

I have meticulously read through similar questions, answers and their comments but I still do not understand how the deletion is done. From what I understand I email the customer service and then they do what exactly?     1) They disable my account so that I can no longer use it?      2) They reassign all of my questions and answers to some other   account? To which one?      3) They delete all my questions and answers so that they go away from   public view?   What is the flexibility (if it exists) of the deletion procedure? Is it possible to erase the traces of my former association with the site. Can I request any of the following be done?     4) All of my questions and answers be deleted from public view?      5) Some of my questions and answers be deleted? If yes what criteria?      6) Can I have all of my contributions be assigned to some other   account which runs as sort of a "collective account" and already has   tons of content so that it doesn't happen like my contributions just   move to some other url but still stay grouped under that location and   therefore that location can be discovered as representing my account?      7) Can I have my contributions dispersed through several "collective   accounts?      8) Can my current public name be removed from any comments to my posts   so that my posts cannot be identified later as once belonging to me?   Please be polite with me. I wouldn't have asked if I have found the answer in the other questions. The other questions are also old and it is not clear what the situation is as per 05/2012.  UPDATE (for those interested):  I asked the Stackoverflow team about the procedure. Apparently none of the points 2-8 I asked above are possible, only 1 will take place. The link to my user page from my contributions is going to be removed and replaced with non-clickable text of an anonymized user name like "user1234". Whether this number is the same as my current user_id is not clear. That's all the information I got.  I'm going now to rename myself to "Anonymous" then request the account deletion. Those interested in the procedure will witness the exact result on this page.  Farewell.


What is the smallest aperture that hydrochloric acid could pass through, such that the acid's surface tension wouldn't be stopping it from flowing through? Also, how would I work that out? I'm testing different shapes for antacid tablets and was thinking It might be interesting to test a torus because of its large surface area but am unsure of whether the $HCl$ will be able to pass through the hole or whether it will be restricted as a result of surface tension. I'm also interested in doing a similar calculation for a cube with holes drilled into each face.

Assume I have a inverse cone which holds 200ml water. I am going to cut the tip of the cone to create a small hole. How to calculate the maximum radius of the hole that the water will still stay in the container?


The goal is to compute the factor group of $\mathbb{Z}_4\times\mathbb{Z}_6/\langle(2,3)\rangle$. Now, $H=\langle(2,3)\rangle$ has order $2$ and thus the factor group must have $12$ elements, and since $\mathbb{Z}_4\times\mathbb{Z}_6$ is abelian the factor group must be abelian. Furthermore, the only possible abelian groups of order $12$ are $\mathbb{Z}_4\times\mathbb{Z}_3$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_3$. Up to here everything is clear. It is also clear that $\mathbb{Z}_4\times\mathbb{Z}_3$  has an element of order $4$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_3$ does not. Why based the order of these couple of groups I can decide that $\mathbb{Z}_4\times\mathbb{Z}_6/\langle(2,3)\rangle$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_4\times\mathbb{Z}_3$, and not the other one?  EDIT:  While this questions has been marked as duplicate, the original link does answer all of points asked from the same exercise, and therefore THIS IS NOT a duplicate. Consider reading the question and the answer, you may have the same as this, or both of them.

(1.) Why's there a 'great temptation' to set $2 \bmod 4$ and $3 \bmod 6$ to 0?   (2.) Why are you authorized to set $2 \bmod 4$ and $3 \bmod 6$ to 0? $2 \bmod 4 \neq 0$ and $3 \bmod 6 \neq 0$, hence does this even make sense?   (3.) How do you envisage and envision to work with $(1,0) + H = \{(1, 0), (3, 3)\}$?  I know the second paragraph starts with the Fundamental Theorem of Abelian Groups, but my course doesn't include this hence I can't use it. I also know: $| \dfrac{\mathbb{Z}_4 \times \mathbb{Z}_6}{\langle(2,3)\rangle} | =  6 \times 4 = 24$, order $(\dfrac{\mathbb{Z}_4 \times \mathbb{Z}_6}{\langle(2,3)\rangle}) = lcm(4, 6) = 12.$


I need the citation labels to start at some number larger than 1. I use Bibtex and cite with \cite{}. There has been an answer on this for natbib , which does however not work for Bibtex. This  is really helpful, but does not mention the citation counter. This is a minimal example, where I want the number of the first reference to be e.g. 5 instead of 1: \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{filecontents} \begin{filecontents}{mybib.bib} @misc{A01, author={Author, A.}, year={2001}, title={Alpha}} @misc{B02, author={Buthor, B.}, year={2002}, title={Bravo}} \end{filecontents}  \begin{document}  Some text \cite{A01,B02}.  \bibliographystyle{abbrv} \bibliography{mybib}  \end{document}  Thank you very much!

I'm aware of a previous question about , but my problem is that I'm not using \begin{thebibliography} to build the bibliography, but directly reading it from a bibtex file. Is there any method of changing the default numbering, e.g. starting from 10 instead of 1 when compiling? The end of my file is as follows:  % REFERENCES AND NOTES \bibliography{bibtextfile} \bibliographystyle{style}  \end{document}


I am currently doing a project where I want to use some form of mapping API (Google maps or an open source alternative) that can show the location of simulated wind turbines across Ireland. I am trying to understand what would be the most efficient protocol i could use to display information stored in a monitoring database onto the map as quickly as possible.

I want to start working on a web map at work to map some of our statistics by city.    I have an idea, but I'm not exactly sure where to start.   Are there any definitive resources that provide step by step guidance on how to do this?


I came across this theorem in many of algebra books. If $G/Z(G)$ is cyclic, then $G$ is abelian. I tried to apply it when $G=p^3$ and $Z(G)=p^2$. What I got is $|G/Z(G)|=p$ so is cyclic. Therefore, $G$ is abelian according to the theorem which yields $G=Z(G)$ contradiction! So I thought either theorem doesn't apply here or we cannot have the centre of degree $p^2$. Am I right? If so, Which one is correct? Thanks.

Let $G$ be a non abelian group of order $p^3$, with $p$ prime.  I'm proving that $Z(G)$ (its center) is of order $p$. I already know how to do it by saying that its order can't be $p^3$, nor 1, and if it's $p^2$ then $G/Z(G)$ is cyclic then G is abelian, Abs!  But I've been reading another way of proving it and the author supposes that $|Z(G)|=p^2$. Then, she says: "$\exists\ x$ outside the center of $G$, of order $p$." Could someone give me a hint? Thanks!


$col = "*";$tablename = "test_data";$opt = "1"; $stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT :col FROM `:tbl` WHERE :opt"); $stmt->bindValue(':col',$col, PDO::PARAM_STR); $stmt->bindValue(":tbl",$tablename, PDO::PARAM_STR); $stmt->bindValue(':opt',$opt, PDO::PARAM_STR);   it got error when i do $stmt->execute(); The error is about the sql error. Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'PDOException' with message 'SQLSTATE[42S02] This got no error if I din't bind the :tbl. Means that i can run this if I write it as below  $col = "*";$opt = "1"; $stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT :col FROM `test_data` WHERE :opt"); $stmt->bindValue(':col',$col, PDO::PARAM_STR); $stmt->bindValue(':opt',$opt, PDO::PARAM_STR);

Why can't I pass the table name to a prepared PDO statement?  $stmt = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM :table WHERE 1'); if ($stmt->execute(array(':table' => 'users'))) {     var_dump($stmt->fetchAll()); }   Is there another safe way to insert a table name into a SQL query? With safe, I mean that I don't want to do  $sql = "SELECT * FROM $table WHERE 1"


Why does the following script work as expected (prints hello)  #!/bin/bash  foo=$(bash -c 'echo hello') echo $foo   while this script:  #!/bin/bash  cmd="bash -c 'echo hello'" foo=$($cmd) echo $foo   gives the following error:  hello': -c: line 0: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `'' hello': -c: line 1: syntax error: unexpected end of file

Or, an introductory guide to robust filename handling and other string passing in shell scripts.  I wrote a shell script which works well most of the time. But it chokes on some inputs (e.g. on some file names).  I encountered a problem such as the following:   I have a file name containing a space hello world, and it was treated as two separate files hello and world. I have an input line with two consecutive spaces and they shrank to one in the input. Leading and trailing whitespace disappears from input lines. Sometimes, when the input contains one of the characters \[*?, they are replaced by some text which is is actually the name of files. There is an apostrophe ' (or a double quote ") in the input and things got weird after that point. There is a backslash in the input (or: I am using Cygwin and some of my file names have Windows-style \ separators).   What is going on and how do I fix it?


If a CR10 Deva uses Change Shape at half health to assume the form of a Stone Golem, do they become a full health Stone Golem? Is there anything preventing this same Deva from changing back into it's natural form when the Stone Golem is about to die, and making its last stand with that (I presume) half-health it initially had in its main form?   Does Change Shape give such monsters an effective HP buffer, or second health bar?   This question presumes the Deva knows the full extent of its powers, and intends to use them to their fullest. (While still fitting the CR10 category for threat!)

Some creatures have an ability that lets them polymorph, such as the Couatl's Change Shape action. I am wondering if this ability could be used again whenever the form is dropped to give the creature a massive effective health pool.  For example, if the Couatl used their action to Change Shape and become a Veteran, then was hit for enough damage to kill the polymorphed form, could it then re-use the Change Shape ability to transform into a fully healed Veteran once more?


I want to print the floating point number with exactly two significant digits in bash (maybe using a common tool like awk, bc, dc, perl etc.).  Examples:   76543 should be printed as 76000 0.0076543 should be printed as 0.0076   In both cases the significant digits are 7 and 6. I have read some answers for similar problems like:      but the answers focus on limiting the number of decimal places (eg. bc command with scale=2 or printf command with %.2f) instead of significant digits.  Is there an easy way to format the number with exactly 2 significant digits or do I have to write my own function?


Proof. $\forall \epsilon>0$, choose $\delta=\epsilon$. Now $\forall x$, if $0<|x-c|<\delta$, then $|\sin x -\sin c|=|2\cos\frac{x+c}{2} \sin\frac{x-c}{2}|\le 2|\sin \frac{x-c}{2}|\le 2|\frac{x-c}{2}|=|x-c|<\delta=\epsilon $, which completes the proof. The proof above uses $|\sin x|\le |x|$, which is easy to show geometrically. However, I am afraid it is not rigorous. Can anyone tell me how to show $|\sin x|\le |x|$ without using derivative or Taylor expansion? Thanks in advance.

How can one prove the statement $$\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\sin x}x=1$$ without using the Taylor series of $\sin$, $\cos$ and $\tan$? Best would be a geometrical solution.  This is homework. In my math class, we are about to prove that $\sin$ is continuous. We found out, that proving the above statement is enough for proving the continuity of $\sin$, but I can't find out how. Any help is appreciated.


I am trying to animate numbers to count up to the number specified in a div. This works but I would like the number to include the necessary commas. For example 62000000 should display as 62,000,000 - is there a way to do this by adding the commas to the numbers in my div or by having js add the commas automatically? Demo   $(function(){     var current = 0;     var finish = jQuery('#statAssistance .statNum').text();     var miliseconds = 3000;     var rate = 100000;      var counter = setInterval(function(){          if(current >= finish) clearInterval(counter);          $("#statAssistance .statNum").text("$" + current);          current = parseInt(current) + parseInt(rate);     }, miliseconds / (finish / rate)); });

I would like to format a price in JavaScript. I'd like a function which takes a float as an argument and returns a string formatted like this: "$ 2,500.00"  What's the best way to do this?


I always stuck on this.     Withania somnifera has proven itself in treating depression and anxiety. OVER   Withania somnifera has proved itself in ...   Whether to use past participle is confusing in such cases. Both seem okay. Another such case is light-weight software that opens fast and light-weighted software that opens fast.

Searching The New York Times, I found 22,100 results for "is it proved" and, therefore, I argue that that phrase is likely correct English.  But on History Stack Exchange a user edited the following sentence, written by me, "Is it proved that the United States didn't have a third atomic bomb to drop over Japan?" transforming it into this other sentence, "Has it been proven that the United States didn't have a third atomic bomb to drop over Japan?"  The user has left this comment "... corrected minor errors with spelling and grammar."  In reference to the context where those sentences had been written, can anybody explain why the sentence I wrote is wrong and, particularly, why the proofread version is correct or more appropriate in comparison with mine?


I just read that GNOME has been updated to version 3.14 () and I was wondering if there was a way to update the current release of UbuntuGnome 14.04.1 LTS to that new version of GNOME?

Is there a way to get ubuntu gnome 3.14 on ubuntu 14.04 ??  Thank you in advance


Clerics get the Divine Intervention feature at level 10.     Beginning at 10th level, you can call on your deity to intervene on your behalf as an action. Describe the assistance you seek, and roll percentile dice. If you roll a number equal to or lower than your cleric level, your deity intervenes. The DM chooses the nature of the intervention.      If your deity intervenes, you can't use this feature again for 7 days. Otherwise, you can use it again after you finish a long rest.      At 20th level, your call for intervention succeeds automatically, no roll required.   If someone makes a Simulacrum of a Level 10+ Cleric, can that Simulacrum attempt a Divine Intervention ?

Does the copy obtained using the spell simulacrum also copy all proficiencies and class features (such as the ones obtained through one's school of magic) of the original humanoid/beast?


I want a really good book on Complex Analysis, for a good understanding of theory. There are many complex variable books that are only a list of identities and integrals and I hate it. For example, I found Munkres to be a very good book for learning topology, and "Curso de Análise vol I" by Elon Lages Lima is the best Real Analysis book (and the best math book) that I have read with many examples, good theory and challenging exercises.  An intuitive and introductory approach is not very important if the book has good explanations and has correct proofs.  Added: If it is possible, tell me your experience with your recommended books and if you got a really good understanding of complex analysis with a deep reading.

I'm out of college, and trying to self-learn complex analysis. I'm finding  text difficult. Any recommendations? I'm probably at an intermediate sophistication level for an undergrad. (Bonus points if the text has a section on the Riemann Zeta function and the Prime Number Theorem.)


I know for a fact that if a particle is moving in a circle such that the value of radial acceleration is non-zero and the value of tangential acceleration is zero ,then it can be classified as circular motion.But I was wondering if the opposite can be true ,i.e. $a_t\neq 0$ and $a_r= 0$ ? Would the particle be moving in a circle if this was to happen?

If we consider a case where a closed circular wall is present, and inside the boundary, just adjacent to the inner wall, two particles are placed touching the surface of inner boundary such that the distance between both particles tends to 0. Particle A and B have identical masses, shapes and physical properties. Particle B applies a constant force on particle A and particle B is in uniform circular motion. Thus, particle A also moves in a circle. And here, centripetal force is not required to make particle A move in a circle.   What's going on?


I need to add some columns dynamically in a table (TargetTable). Before doing that I need to check whether the columns are already exists in TargetTable. If they do not exist, then that column will be added, otherwise not.  This is not for fixed column. These columns are storing at SourceTable's rows.   How do I check the existence of each column before adding in the TargetTable?

I need to add a specific column if it does not exist. I have something like the following, but it always returns false:  IF EXISTS(SELECT *           FROM   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS           WHERE  TABLE_NAME = 'myTableName'                  AND COLUMN_NAME = 'myColumnName')    How can I check if a column exists in a table of the SQL Server database?


I'm looking for a short story about a very old, giant tree that contains an extremely valuable substance at its heart. Don't recall if in a magazine or an anthology; perhaps 10 pages? In English. I guess 40-50 years ago. The tree's planet is visited by a spaceship with three people: two not-nice male scavengers who intend to harvest the substance and a weaker man bullied by the other two. They find the tree, fallen over (I think maybe a giant storm toppled it?), and the two rip out its heart for the substance. Somehow the weaker person is left unconscious at the dying tree. The tree sends tendrils into him, observes that his makeup is inferior, and does various things to his body to strengthen him greatly. He then goes back to the ship and the two thug-types try to bully him further, but he's no longer the weak person he was, and demonstrates this--I think maybe (really weak recollection) by pressing his thumb into a metal bulkhead and deforming it. I don't recall much else. It’s stuck with me for decades. Would love to find it again. Thank you!

It was an old book... I'm pretty sure it was a book, and pre-1990's I think. The basic plot was this man somehow interacted with this tree, and as a result he became a carrier of the tree's 'seed'. They were in a symbiotic relationship: the man got a much longer life, more strength, etc.; but when he did die the tree would grow up from his body.


My university has decided that "et al." should be emphasized.  In order to do so, I have followed Citations are collected in Mendeley 1.17.13 which has BibTex syncing enabled. The citation is inserted into Lyx 2.2.3. with citation style natbib author-year, bibliography style plain, bibliography generator default.  This question has been asked several times, e.g. . I have replaced "et al." in the agsm.bst style, replaced it with \emph{et~al.} and saved under a different name (agsm_hh.bst). There were 4 instances. I have reconfigured and restarted Lyx, and set the BibTex Generated Bibliography style set to agsm_hh.   This gives an error:   What am I missing?

I know how to define a package or a class, but how do I make it available (to myself) at all times?  Say I have the package file commonstuff.sty (or myprettyclass.cls), that I want to be able to include in any .tex file I create on my computer. Where do I put it? Do I need to run some installer on it, or is it enough to keep it in a certain folder?  Note: I know I can just place it in the same folder as the .tex file, but that's not what I'm after here. I'm looking for a way to "install" the package centrally on my computer.


I am trying to perform an analysis using the seventh moment but I can't seem to find an explicit formula for anything past the fourth moment.  What is an explicit formula for the 7th moment similar to $\mu_1 =\frac{1}{N} \sum_i^N x_i$ for the mean ($1^{st}$ moment) and  $\mu_2 =\frac{1}{N} \sum_i^N \left( x_i - \mu_1 \right)^2$ for the variance ($2^{nd}$ moment)?

I KNOW what moments are and how to calculate them and how to use the moment generating function for getting higher order moments. Yes, I know the math. Now that I need to get my statistics knowledge lubricated for work, I thought I might as well ask this question – it's been nagging me for about a few years and back in college no professor knew the answer or would just dismiss the question (honestly). So what does the word "moment" mean in this case? Why this choice of word? It doesn't sound intuitive to me (or I never heard it that way back in college :) Come to think of it I am equally curious with its usage in "moment of inertia" ;) but let's not focus on that for now. So what does a "moment" of a distribution mean and what does it seek to do and why THAT word! :) Why does any one care about moments? At this moment I am feeling otherwise about that moment ;) PS: Yes, I've probably asked a similar question on variance but I do value intuitive understanding over 'look in the book to find out' :)


In the past, when I connected my mobile, Image Capture launched. I have an Android device.  At some point, I disabled this feature and now I need to set it back.   Unfortunately, I am not able to find how to do it.   I am on El Capitan 10.11.5  I have checked Photos but couldn't see any settings to change the default app.  So, what happens now is that I connect the device, I launch ImageCapture and it doesn't recognise the mobile.  Does anyone know how to fix this?

Everytime I connect my iPhone to my laptop, Image Capture opens. How to I stop it? I just need to use iTunes, not Image Capture.


i'm a new user at Ubuntu, and i think i've lost my boot to Windows. I'm using Ubuntu 18.04 and i'm not an expert of this issues (but i can move through the console). Please, would you mind to help me? I only want to have Windows at my bootmenu working (now it is but it doen't work).  My pastefile is:   Thanks a lot, i'm desperated and about to remove Linux and have only Windows, please help me :(

I installed Windows on my computer, followed by an installation of Ubuntu. However, now I'm unable to boot into my Windows install.  What can I do to fix this?


each time I open Ubuntu I have to turnoff bluetooth function from the top panel. my questions is that is there any method to make it disabled by default?

How can I deactivate Bluetooth on system startup?


I tried the following for loop:  for(double i = 0.0; i<=0.001; i+=0.0001)     System.out.println(i);   And I get the following output:     0.0   1.0E-4   2.0E-4   3.0000000000000003E-4   4.0E-4   5.0E-4   6.000000000000001E-4   7.000000000000001E-4   8.000000000000001E-4   9.000000000000002E-4   My questions are:   How do these extra .000000000000001s come? Will these extra numbers always come, or is there some problem in my code? Do these errors occur only in the Java language, or any other programming languages too? Is double suitable for for loops?

Consider the following code:   0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3  ->  false   0.1 + 0.2         ->  0.30000000000000004   Why do these inaccuracies happen?


If I zoom somewhere on the reputation graph, the scale is not correctly updated:  Original unzoomed:   Zoomed (note that the vertical scale has not been correctly updated):   Reset zoom (the vertical scale is now completely wrong and even out of order; horizontal scale is not correctly updated either):   I can consistently reproduce this with Firefox 69.0 (64-bit) and with Chrome 77.0.3865.75 on Windows 7 and on Linux.

This is what my  looks like when it first loads:    But if we unselect math.SE, we get a y-axis rescaling mess:    I'm using Firefox. I'm in China, so many things involving Google and Imgur are blocked, and I use  to stop the browser attempting to load unloadable Google objects.  I'm hoping other users can check whether or not this issue is localized to my system, and if it's not just me, here's the bug report.


I need to typeset a report such that it looks like it was written by an old, unreliable typewriter.  I have looked into the memoir class, however it has chapter numbering which I don't want. It also looks too clean.  I have looked into the manuscript package, but it looks way too clean for what I want.  Digging around I found a typewriter package, but it is no longer on CTAN and even getting the .sty from the author's git I can't get it to work properly: probably because it requires compiling with lualatex which I have zero experience with.  Is there an available package that does what I want easily? Namely, that makes my document look like it was written with an old, unreliable typewriter.  Alternatively, is there a way to get the typewriter package to work?  Alternatively, even just editing the memoir class such that it behaves more like article would be acceptable.

This question led to a new package:      I'm giving my students an old exam and barely remembered to change the date at the top. A colleague and I joked about how long we could reuse the same exam, and it made me wonder if I could use LaTeX to create an exam that looked like it was written in 1963 on a typewriter.  Here's what I'd like to see:   Typewriter font even in math mode. (Several ways to accomplish this; is there a "best" way?) Slight inconsistencies in the printing of each letter. I attempt this below adapting code taken from . Each word has a random vertical shift, though I'd like to see it reduced to each letter having its own vertical shift. Other typewriter-like irregularities would be great. It would be great if math-mode delimeters \left(, \right}, etc., can be created in a piece-meal fashion as they did in days of old. Fraction bars, tops of square-root symbols -- any horizontal line, really -- is made up of a series of en-dashes that don't quite match up.   Here is what I've come up with so far:  \documentclass[10pt]{article}% This is a document class providing more font size options \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{ifthen} \usepackage[textwidth=7.5in,textheight=9.5in]{geometry} \pagestyle{empty}  % thanks to Bruno Le Floch: https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/9331/4012 % and in his comments to https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/29458/4012 \usepackage[first=-1,last=1]{lcg}% you can play around with these values \makeatletter \newcommand{\globalrand}{\rand\global\cr@nd\cr@nd} \makeatother  \newcommand{\randomvshift}[1]{\globalrand\raisebox{\value{rand}pt}{#1}}  %%% thanks to Martin Scharrer: https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/11598/4012 \makeatletter \def\typewriter#1{%     \@typewriter#1 \@empty } \def\@typewriter#1 #2{%    \randomvshift{#1}\space    \ifx #2\@empty\else     \expandafter\@typewriter    \fi    #2% } \makeatother \begin{document}\tt  \typewriter{Math 101 Fall 1963}  \begin{enumerate} \item   \typewriter{$\frac{\texttt{d}}{\texttt{dx}}\texttt{(x)}^2$}  \item \typewriter{State the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.}  \end{enumerate}  \end{document}


I'm wondering when the viewed counter increases.  I already spotted that it doesn't increase if you visit your own question, but does it get increased when anonymous users visit it?

I saw it's not just a page views number, because, if I press F5 several times, it won't increase the number of views.  They could store my IP address in a table, but wouldn't that make it slow? They would need to query a database one more time for each request.


I'm quite new to coding so please be kind!  I'm trying to code a tic tac toe game in Java Swing. But I'm having a quite annoying error and I don't understand why this error is being displayed. Can anyone help me understand why please?  this is my code :  import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel;  public class Board extends JFrame {     private JPanel pan = new JPanel();     private  boolean player1 = true;     private JButton[] tab_but = new JButton[9];      public Board() {         initializeComponent();               }     public void initializeComponent() {         this.setTitle("TicTacToe");         this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);         this.setSize(400, 400);         this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);         this.setResizable(false);         this.setContentPane(pan);         GridLayout gl = new GridLayout(3,3);         pan.setLayout(gl);         for (JButton jButton : tab_but) {             jButton = new JButton();             pan.add(jButton);             jButton.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());         }         this.setVisible(true);           }     class ButtonListener implements ActionListener{         public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {              if (player1) {                 ((JButton)e.getSource()).setText("X");                 checkWin();                 player1=false;               }             else {                 ((JButton)e.getSource()).setText("O");                 player1=true;             }            }        }     public void checkWin() {         if(tab_but[0].getText().equals("X")) {             System.out.println("hi");         }     } }   As you can see I'm trying to check with the method checkWin() if the text of the first button is an "X". But the console returns java.lang.NullPointerException even though the X has been written on the first button (when I clicked on the first button)

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


Short version, I want to fill in this list of letter names suitable for use in dialog: ?, bee, cee, dee, eee?, eff, gee, aitch, eye, jay, kay, ell, em, en, oh, pee, queue/cue?, arr, ess, tee, you/yew?, vee, double you/yew?, ex, why?, zee.  Problem letters are A, E, Q, U/W, and Y.  I can find formal pronunciations like /ei/ for A, but that doesn't seem easily understandable.  Example, ""Yes, it's ABC spelled ?-bee-cee," she clarified." (I'm not interested in writing A-B-C instead.)

The English alphabet has a common pronunciation. For example, the letter b is pronounced like the word bee, the letter c like the word see, and the letter i like the word aye.  Is there a formal spelling for the letter names?


I am currently watching the Yale open course "Philosophy of Death" with Shelly Kagan. So far he has made the case that there is not good enough reason to believe in the existence of an immaterial soul. Thus everything is now being argued mostly from a physicalist perspective.   He is now discussing personal identity, specifically the perspective of personality theory of identity which says  Your personality (beliefs, desires, memories etc etc) is what makes you you. Although your personality may change across space-time, the entire continuously connected space-time worm of beliefs, memories, desires, etc etc is your personality and forms your identity.  We are presented with roughly the following science-fiction thought-experiment:  Imagine I die and a scientist is able to copy the information from my brain that composes my personality and then is able to load (implement) my personality onto the brain of some other dead body, John Smith from Iowa. Certainly "I" would awake with my same (space-time worm of) desires, beliefs and memories but in the body John Smith. Based on the personality theory of identity, this person would be me. Now imagine the scientist loads my personality onto another dead body, Kris Kringle from Florida. Are the person in Iowa and the person Florida both me?   We only have three options:   Only one of the two are me. Both of them are me. Meaning the space-time worm that was just one me has now split into a two me's, one in Iowa and one in Florida. Neither is me.   As there is no reason to logically accept one as me and the other as not, option 1. cannot be the case.  Option 2. directly follows from the personality theory of identity as stated above. Kagan immediately dismisses this as absurd and therefore appeals to option 3. (requiring a revision of the personality theory by adding a no-splitting clause). However Kagan does not elaborate on this dismissal.  Why dismiss option 2?   Edit for further simplification:  1st premise (soundness aside)  Personality theory of personal identity:  You := your personality (whatever that is)  2nd Premise  Your personality is transferable and copiable to different objects in such a way that preserves it.  3rd Premise  Your personality has been copied to two different objects A and B.  Therefore  You are A and you are B. (Option 2 and not option 1 nor option 3)  What is wrong with this conclusion?   Furthermore, what is so repulsive about the idea in general?

When I read philosophy treatments of the  and related subjects like , they seem to focus primarily on drawing analogies to various entirely different scenarios (particularly the Ship of Theseus).  I don't have any objection to analogies, as a form of argument, but it seems that no one is interested in the physics of the original situation.  In particular, I don't understand why no one ever makes an argument similar to the following:     We have two events: a dematerialization, and a materialization.  They do not coincide in space-time.  That means we can use  to divide the scenario into a number of cases:         The events are separated by a .  They appear to be simultaneous in some reference frame, but appear to happen in some order in another reference frame, and the opposite order in a third frame.  It also means they are causally independent of one another, so that one event could fail to occur without affecting the other.  From the perspective of the person dematerialized, there is no difference between a teleporter and a suicide box, because the materialization is an independent event unrelated to the dematerialization.   The events are separated by a timelike interval.  They have a fixed order in every reference frame, and while we may construct reference frames to minimize the interval between them, we cannot make it arbitrarily short.  There is a lower bound on the amount of time that elapses between the events in any given reference frame.  So either there is a period of time in which both people exist, or a period of time in which neither exists.  Clearly, if they both exist simultaneously they must be different people.  If neither exists, it seems a stretch to claim that either one of them is "alive" at that point in time.   The events are separated by a lightlike interval.  This is the limiting case between spacelike and timelike, and therefore requires perfect timing and positioning to achieve exactly.  It shares all properties with the timelike case except for the lower bound on the interval between events.  That is, we may construct reference frames in which the interval between events is any nonzero period of time, but they still always happen in the same order and never appear to be exactly simultaneous.  It still looks like the two people must be distinct from one another for this to make sense in any particular reference frame, and regardless it seems questionable whether such perfect timing can be realized.      (This argument is not meant to be correct or incorrect.  It is meant to illustrate the kind of argument that I have not observed in the literature.  Other such arguments might focus on, for example, the uncertainty principle, the , and so on.)  Am I just totally missing the point of this philosophical problem?  I realize that the above reasoning seems to have very little to do with philosophy of mind, but if the original can be reformulated so as to avoid this argument, the refined problem might be more interesting (insofar as it might reveal some aspect of the problem which was less evident in the original). If it cannot, then perhaps it is not a real problem in the first place.  So... why aren't physical considerations brought up?  Or do they bring this up all the time, and I'm just ignorant of the literature?


We know that electrons go round the nucleus. But in my textbook, it is written that Rutherford's model was incomplete as the electrons would collide with the nucleus because of Maxwell's law.  But in Bohr's model, the problem remains. Because even in this model the electrons go round the necleus.  So    Is Bohr's model incomplete in this sense? Or Is Maxwell's theory incomplete?

I'm having trouble understanding the simple "planetary" model of the atom that I'm being taught in my basic chemistry course.   In particular,    I can't see how a negatively charged electron can stay in "orbit" around a positively charged nucleus. Even if the electron actually orbits the nucleus, wouldn't that orbit eventually decay?  I can't reconcile the rapidly moving electrons required by the planetary model with the way atoms are described as forming bonds. If electrons are zooming around in orbits, how do they suddenly "stop" to form bonds.     I understand that certain aspects of quantum mechanics  to address these problems, and that there are  of atoms. My question here is whether the planetary model itself addresses these concerns in some way (that I'm missing) and whether I'm right to be uncomfortable with it.


I have the following program which simply reads two matrices from .txt files into 2D arrays. And I run it from Developer Command Prompt for VS2012 like first picture   using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.IO;   namespace Assignment3 {     class Program     {         static void Main(string[] args)         {              int[,] matrix1 = new int[3, 3]; int[,] matrix2 = new int[3, 3]; int[,] matrix3 = new int[3, 3];             int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;             #region Reading Matrices From Files                         string text = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(@"Matrix1.txt");                                      foreach (var row in text.Split('\n'))             {                 j = 0;                 foreach (var col in row.Trim().Split(' '))                 {                     matrix1[i, j] = int.Parse(col.Trim());                     j++;                 }                 i++;             }             Console.WriteLine("Execution Starts Here");             Console.WriteLine("\nMatrix1 Has been read from file Matrix1.txt...\n");             for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)             {                 for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)                 {                     Console.Write(String.Format("{0}\t", matrix1[i,j]));                 }                 Console.WriteLine();             }                           string text2 = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(@"Matrix2.txt");             i = 0;              foreach (var row in text2.Split('\n'))             {                 j = 0;                 foreach (var col in row.Trim().Split(' '))                 {                     matrix2[i, j] = int.Parse(col.Trim());                     j++;                 }                 i++;             }             Console.WriteLine("\n\nMatrix2 Has been read from file Matrix2.txt...\n");             for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)             {                 for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)                 {                     Console.Write(String.Format("{0}\t", matrix2[i, j]));                 }                 Console.WriteLine();             }             #endregion     Here what I am intended to do is to execute the program.exe with files names also (means giving the files names at execution time) like as in the second picture.  I think it has to do with some thing like number of command arguments. anyone help me please.

In C# the Main class has string[] args parameter.  What is that for and where does it get used?


I am not sure about the form of the verb that follows "neither". Should it be a singular or plural verb?  For example:     Admittedly, being a celebrity is not easy, but neither are being many other professionals who, unfortunately, receive much less compensation.    P.S. I came across another sentence on the Internet that says "Being single is not easy, but neither is being married."  Here, the verb following "neither" is singular. So, may I ask what is the rule here?

Bob: "Can I set the font color? Can I customize the text?"  Frank: "Neither of these options is available. Sorry!"    Is "neither is" always correct or should one use "neither are" in some cases and what are the exact rules?  of this-is-why-stackexchange-exists :P


Edit: I realized that this has nothing to do with $() it's just the result of using echo *. So I just need a way to escape with echo.  I'm writing a script that checks what users don't have passwords by comparing /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow.  So far I have:  cat /etc/passwd | while read -r line ; do   user=$(echo $line | cut -d ":" -f 1)   password=$(cat /etc/shadow | grep $user | cut -d ":" -f 2)   echo $password done   The problem is that when the result of my grep is * for the password field, which is the case for all users without a password, it seems like ls * is performed? For example:    I'm confused as to why this is happening. Can anyone explain what is happening here? The one answer at the bottom of the picture with an encrypted password is the expected behavior. For the entries without a password I was expecting to get back a *.

The old advice used to be to double-quote any expression involving a $VARIABLE, at least if one wanted it to be interpreted by the shell as one single item, otherwise, any spaces in the content of $VARIABLE would throw off the shell.  I understand, however, that in more recent versions of shells, double-quoting is no longer always needed (at least for the purpose described above).  For instance, in bash:  % FOO='bar baz' % [ $FOO = 'bar baz' ] && echo OK bash: [: too many arguments % [[ $FOO = 'bar baz' ]] && echo OK OK % touch 'bar baz' % ls $FOO ls: cannot access bar: No such file or directory ls: cannot access baz: No such file or directory   In zsh, on the other hand, the same three commands succeed.  Therefore, based on this experiment, it seems that, in bash, one can omit the double quotes inside [[ ... ]], but not inside [ ... ] nor in command-line arguments, whereas, in zsh, the double quotes may be omitted in all these cases.  But inferring general rules from anecdotal examples like the above is a chancy proposition.  It would be nice to see a summary of when double-quoting is necessary.  I'm primarily interested in zsh, bash, and /bin/sh.


I have a requirement where I need to get Base URL in managed package class. I am using Url.getSalesforceBaseUrl().toExternalForm() to get base URL but getting         instead of       Thanks in advance.

Say I want to retrieve my API endpoint from a Visualforce Page or a Force.com Site, I can try:  Url.getSalesforceBaseUrl().toExternalForm();   But the return value is all over the place. It could be any of the following:   http://pod.salesforce.com (from a batch apex class) https://c.na1.visual.force.com (a local Visualforce Page) https://mysite.secure.force.com (from a Force.com Site) https://ns.pod.visual.force.com (some page in a managed package)   This wreaks havoc on the Remote Site Settings, and gets worse with Sites and Communities.  So how do I get just "https://na1.salesforce.com"?


My reputation was decreased. When I look at the reason it says that the post was removed. But I don't think that I was by any means connected to that post. Has this happened to anybody else?   Or do I need to know something about Stack Overflow?

My reputation rating on SO took this hit an hour ago, and it is due to what appears to be the simultaneous deletion of multiple questions.  I am uncertain why it happened, am concerned, and would appreciate an explanation.  Going to  shows that it was removed due to moderation.  Was a script run deliberately, or were we hit with a question deletion attack; what happened?  -12     today -2  1 hour ago  removed     How to send a 2d Vector over UDP in c++ -2  1 hour ago  removed     How do I use the Eclipse debugger to debug a Java application? -2  1 hour ago  removed     PHP string error; inconsistency with local and server -2  1 hour ago  removed     Unable to start the MySQL service after a server migration -2  1 hour ago  removed     How to use Java to print a text file on a ticket printer? -2  1 hour ago  removed     How can all of the ZBrush Obj files be imported to make a complete model?