I am using biblatex and I don't know how to achieve the following structure of referencing.  If an article is referenced for the first time, it should give the full citation in footnotes. Every time an article gets referenced, it should give the footnote number of the first full citation.  I tried the following...  \documentclass[10pt]{article} \usepackage[backend=biber,style=footnote]{biblatex} \begin{document}  Here's the first citataion \cite{ref1}. And here is the same on the same page \cite{ref1}. \clearpage And here is the same one on another page \cite{ref1}.  \end{document}     ...but it creates the following.    First page:  Here's the first citation^1. And here is the same on the same page^2.  First page footnotes:  1) full citation of ref1  2) Ibid.  Second page: And here is the same one on another page^3  Second page footnotes:  3)Short citation of ref1 (see n.1)    How I want it to be is:    First page:  Here's the first citation^1. And here is the same on the same page^1.  First page footnotes:  1) full citation ref 1  Second page: And here is the same one on another page^1  Second page footnotes: No footnotes as no new article was referenced.

Ok sorry for this not so clear title. I'm having trouble to express & find what seems so simple :s  I'm biblatex and I would like to know which citation style/bibliographical style and/or option I should use to have my bibliography ordered this way. I put you an example of a thesis from my lab here   So, in a nutshell:   exponent numbers footnote reference for the first time the ref is cited later on when it is again cited nothing happens no op cit no ibid ref numbers identical in the text, the footnote and the final bibliography all same data (the exponent, the footnote and the ref in the final bibliography linked via hyperref) citation style as Authors (Last name then First Name initials) Journal, year in bold, vol, pages.   Seems the most current setting globally for me ... but maybe it isn't.  I passed the whole day in a manner to figure that. Nothing until know, thus I have learned a lot.


I'm trying to use one of the cloth presets in the Simulations tab, but I've accidentally deleted a couple of the presets and I don't know how to get them back. I've tried restarting blender with a new file, but the cloth sim. still didn't have the Presets. And I even Tried to Load Factory Settings  as well and it still wouldn't work! If anyone can tell me whats going on, that would be great. Thanks!

Is there anyway to restore the Blender default Cloth settings? Or is there anyway to find what the default settings are?  I didn't realize at the time that by changing the values I was overriding the default values.  Using Blender v2.76.


Prove that if G is a graph with  $\chi$(G-v-w)=$\chi$(G)-2 for every pair of vertices v and w in G, then G is complete.   I think I can use contradiction method but I don't know how to do.

I'm trying to prove this by contradiction: if $G$ isn't complete graph, there must exist vertices $u,v \in V(G)$ for which edge $uv \notin E(G)$. Then $u$ and $v$ must have the same color in proper coloring $C$ and now I'd like to prove that by removing $u, v$ we have $\chi(G-u-v) = \chi(G) - 1$ (that would be the contradiction), but I'm not sure whether it's true.


I have come across 3 questions on the title subject.   Why is it necessary to do a normality test? To check if data is imbalanced or not? Are these 4 methods of checking if the data follows normal distribution criteria both applicable to numerical and categorical variable?  I am trying to check if the data follows normal distribution by the following 4 methods.   Checking Distribution Drawing Box Plot Drawing QQ Plot Use skewness, kurtosis criteria  Skewness for normal distribution is 0, Kurtosis for normal distribution is 3. Is there a certain bound that I can use to guarantee that the data is normally distributed? (such as, 0 +/- 1 OR 3 +/- 1)

I have come across 3 questions on the title subject.   Why is it necessary to do a normality test? To check if data is imbalanced or not? Are these 4 methods of checking if the data follows normal distribution criteria both applicable to numerical and categorical variable? I am trying to check if the data follows normal distribution by following 4 methods.   Checking Distribution Drawing Box Plot Drawing QQ Plot Use skewness, kurtosis criteria  Skewness for Normal Dist is 0, Kurtosis for Normal Dist is 3. Is there a certain bound that I can use to guarantee that the data is normally distributed? (such as, 0 +/- 1 OR 3 +/- 1)


Why placing a "?" in front of "FROM" does not work, while in other places it works?    query = "SELECT nome_cliente           FROM ?          ORDER BY nome_cliente";  $rows = $this->db->prepare($query); $rows->execute([$id]);   The error it gives is this:    SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near '? ORDER BY nome_cliente' at line 1

Why can't I pass the table name to a prepared PDO statement?  $stmt = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM :table WHERE 1'); if ($stmt->execute(array(':table' => 'users'))) {     var_dump($stmt->fetchAll()); }   Is there another safe way to insert a table name into a SQL query? With safe, I mean that I don't want to do  $sql = "SELECT * FROM $table WHERE 1"


I have searched but not found an answer that exactly answers or works.  I have a rotating rendered head animation that I want to export with a transparent background so I can import into final cut pro x and lay over video footage or still imagery. I have tried saving as a blender render as quicktime .mov with alpha as transparent and as RGBA but doesnt work, a black BG. I have also tried as a cycles render but still black BG. Is there any particular file format that is better for this? H.264, MPEG, .mov? or something I am missing? thanks

Does anyone know if there are any video formats (besides the HUGE uncompressed avis) that you can render in that maintain the alpha channel? (i.e. for after FX etc.)   I used to use quicktime, but that's no longer an option.  I know you can render in png. or other image formats, but video is significantly smaller, and I often work on machines with less space & resources.


English is my mother tongue and we often follow the British pronunciations.  However, something caught my attention recently. In my Oxford dictionary, I noticed that so many words that begin with 'wh' have a leading 'h' as part of the phonetics. Here are some of them:     what      when      wheeze      wheel      wheat      whatever      whip   and the list goes on...  I have heard many US accents but never encountered this. Perhaps I never noticed it.  Thus my question: Do Americans really use these words with a leading h or at least are they supposed to?  Thanks!  EDIT: I am not using the net as my source here. It's a printed book. So for those who are unsure, here it is:    BTW, the exact title of the dictionary is:  Oxford WordPower  English-Arabic dictionary  ISBN: 0-19-431485-5  NEWEST EDIT: Please do not consider this a duplicate of   That discusses the origins of words and various 'accents'. Yes, the examples are related, but my question is different and simple. I'm more keen on knowing if Americans (today) use the leading h pronunciation (at large)?  Ever since I started my study of languages (my mother tongue included), I've tried to stick to a standard pronunciation from the dictionary. Thus in a way I look at the dictionary's pronunciation as the right way to pronounce words, regardless of what people really do. So now after seeing the leading h pronunciation related to Americans, I'm curious to know if they really do so.  And after the kind of responses and links I've seen on this subject today, I don't even think that an average non-academic American really knows this exists. Perhaps I'm wrong.

In which English accents do they put an h before every word that starts with wh?  . Notice his pronunciation of whisky.


I have a path given in command line with a filename in it like:  ./something.bin infomration /some/some2/thing.txt   I know I can put the /some/some2/thing.txt into a global variable and use it. Now, I want to:  create a file named thing.txt in the path /some/some2/

I want to create a file using C++, but I have no idea how to do it. For example I want to create a text file named Hello.txt.   Can anyone help me?


Is there a function or library that can help me sort a dictionary based on the value of the key This is how the dictionary looks  songs = [             {                 'name'  :   'Entammede Jimikki Kammal',                 'film'  :   'Velipadinte Pusthakam',                 'year'  :   '2017',                 'yturl' :   'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXiaIH49oAU',                 'slno'  :   0             },             {                 'name'  :   'Karakana Kadalala Mele',                 'film'  :   'Nadodikkattu',                 'year'  :   '1987',                 'yturl' :   'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWZ_Ull4KbQ',                 'slno'  :   1             },             {                 'name'  :   'Lajjavathiye',                 'film'  :   '4 the People',                 'year'  :   '2004',                 'yturl' :   'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJXI1zDdZvM',                 'slno'  :   2             },             {                 'name'  :   'Unnam Marannu',                 'film'  :   'In Harihar Nagar',                 'year'  :   '1990',                 'yturl' :   'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n78X2grt7CM',                 'slno'  :   3             },             {                 'name'  :   'Padakali',                 'film'  :   'Yodha',                 'year'  :   '1992',                 'yturl' :   'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5mfYkhycP0',                 'slno'  :   4             }         ]   and I would like to get it sorted based on the value of the keys, like for eg: based on the year or name...  It would be better if the sorted dictionary can be saved as a new dictionary without changing the original dictionary.

I have a list of dictionaries and want each item to be sorted by a specific value. Take into consideration the list: [{'name':'Homer', 'age':39}, {'name':'Bart', 'age':10}]  When sorted by name, it should become: [{'name':'Bart', 'age':10}, {'name':'Homer', 'age':39}]


So, I've implemented hook_form_alter in a custom module. I have added a button to the node edit form of a specific content type.   However, I can't for the life of me get the new button to display with the standard buttons ie save & preview. It just appears at the top of the page, regardless of the figure that i put in as the weight (I tried 100000000000000)...  Fingers crossed that this is just a 'newbie' oversight :)  Here is the code that I'm using:  function MYMODULE_form_alter(&$form, $form_state, $form_id) {   if($form_id == 'CONTENTTYPE_node_form') {     // Add validation for a file         $form['field_CUSTOMFILE'][0]['#upload_validators']['custom_file_validation'] = array();      // Add update site button to CONTENTYPE node add/edit form              $form['actions']['update_site'] = array(             '#type' => 'submit',             '#value' => 'Update site',             '#name' => 'op',             '#submit' => array('MYMODULE_form_submit'), /* NEED this */             '#weight' => 99,             );          $form['actions']['submit']['#weight'] = 101;          $form['actions']['preview']['#weight'] = 100;          return $form;    }  }   These lines from above were only added today but made no difference...   $form['actions']['submit']['#weight'] = 101; $form['actions']['preview']['#weight'] = 100;   As always, anyway pointers would be very much appreciated :)  Edit:   This question was not answered in the indicated "This question has already a answer" link above... That link explains Drupal 7 specific code, although the post isn't tagged as such... This post was specific to Drupal 6 as tagged... In fact the code in this post didn't work for me because it was using Drupal 7 code :)

I'm trying to add two links on custom user form. The goal is this links to be displayed bellow the submit button.  I've tried with weight property, but it's not working.   What do I miss?  This is my code:  <?php       function custom_alter_form_alter (&$form, &$form_state, $form_id) {          switch ($form_id) {                 case 'user_login':                  $form['name']['#title'] = t('Username');                 $form['pass']['#title'] = t('Password');                 $form['actions']['submit']['#value'] = t('Login');                 $form['actions']['submit']['#weight'] = 0;                  $form['page'] = array(                 '#markup' => '
Login
',                 '#weight' => -10,                 );                  $form['register'] = array(                  '#type' => 'markup',                     '#markup' => '
You don't have an account?                   Click here
',                 '#weight' => 1,                 );                  $form['password_reset'] = array(                 '#markup' => ' You forgot your password',                 '#weight' => 2,                 );                  //krumo($form);                  break;             }          }


When we delete a question the reputation gained or lost because of the question is recovered. But, when we un-delete the question the reputation is not changed!  E.g.,   You have 100 reputation points and you post an question. You get an upvote and your reputation becomes 105. Now you delete the question, so your reputation comes back to 100. Now, if you un-delete the question the reputation should be increased back to 105, but it remains same (100).

Suppose your answer has a score of 0, (1 upvote and 1 downvote). Your reputation gain from the upvote is +10, and the reputation loss from the downvote is -2. So the net reputation gain from your answer is +8.   If you delete your answer, you will lose those 8 reputation points, but if  you then undelete it, you won't get back those 2 points.  I think this is a bug.    I don't know if this behavior is same for questions.


I have a static external IP address that I got from my ISP. They told me I needed to enter it into my router settings which I did and it worked. But I don't understand how it works exactly.  Does it mean I can go into my router and change the external IP address to any IP that I want and it will work? Without ISP having to assign it to my first? Why does the ISP have to assign me an IP address? How does this work?  From a technical point of view, what will happen if I assign myself a new static external IP address an then try to go online? Why will it not work?

On a personal network (LAN) one can simply grab an . If you choose the same IP address as an existing client, you get problems. There are companies like IANA and ICANN that are in charge of IP address bulks and sells them. But what stops you from just grabbing a random IP address? Is this built on trust? What if somebody were to grab an IP address and conflicting would occur. Is there any way of tracing that IP address to the location of the server using it?  Are companies that actually maintain the physical internet cables checking whether or not the clients connecting are using bought IP address blocks?


Let A be the set of twice continuously differentiable functions on the interval $[0, 1]$,  and let $B = \{f\in A : f (0) = f (1) = 0, f ′ (0) = 2\}$. What is  min $\int_0^1 (f''(x))^2$.   There is one given hint consider $(1-x)f''(x)$.  Any idea how to start solving this problem?

I was trying to solve a question of an entrance exam. I am completely stuck in the problem. I am not able to find idea how to proceed. Please help me.     Let $A$ be the set of twice continuously differentiable functions on the interval $[0, 1]$ and let $B = \{f \in A : f(0) = f(1) = 0, f'(0) = 2\}$. Find the value of $$\text{min}_{f\in B} \displaystyle \int_0^1 (f''(x))^2dx.$$    I am really sorry for not showing some effort from my side but I can not find ant way to proceed.  Please help me. Thnx in advance.


I have the following function: $$f(a)=\text{argmin}_{t\in\mathbb{R}} \left\{\sum_{i=1}^n\frac{1}{2}(1-a)(b_i-t)^2+a| b_i-t |\right\}\quad ,a\in[0,1]$$  Is there a way to show that the function is monotone in $a$?  Edit: for $a=0$ we have the mean of $\beta_i$s and for $a=1$ we have the median. I'm interested in the cases when $a\in(0,1)$, in particular that the function is bounded by the mean and median.

I have the following equation $$f(a)=\text{argmin}_{t\in\mathbb{R}} \sum_{i=1}^n\frac{1}{2}(1-a)(b_i-t)^2+a| b_i-t |, a\in[0,1]$$  How does one prove that the function is monotone in a?


I need to add a select box or something like that into registration form in order to let my users to select custom roles I have defined.

How to add users roles dropdown in  registration in  wordpress   function myplugin_register_form() {  global $wp_roles;  echo '<select name="role">'; foreach ( $wp_roles->roles as $key=>$value ):  echo '<option value="'.$key.'">'.$value['name'].'</option>';  endforeach; echo '</select>';   }  add_action( 'register_form', 'myplugin_register_form' );  add_action( 'user_register', 'myplugin_user_register' );     function myplugin_user_register( $user_id ) {         if ( ! empty( $_POST['role'] ) ) {             update_user_meta( $user_id, 'role', trim( $_POST['role'] ) );         }     }   i used this code in functions.php but not working regards


I lost the privilege to ask questions on Stack Overflow about a week ago, due to some questions that I had posted that were just flat-out lazy, etc. I take full responsibility.  However, since that time, my reputation has gone up by over 10%, from edits and accepted answers. Isn't that enough to get it back? How much longer should I expect to wait?

If you are reading this, you may have been affected by one of our post quality bans. If so, it is important that you  to understand what has happened and how to regain the permissions that you lost. While trying to ask a question, one could see:  We are no longer accepting questions from this account. See  to learn more.  Likewise, for answers:  We are no longer accepting answers from this account. See  to learn more.   Why am I getting this message? Are deleted posts taken into account too? Is a question/answer ban the same as a suspension? How do I avoid getting a question ban? How long do I have to wait before I can post again? What can I do to release the ban? How can I reactivate my account? Can I simply create a new account? I'll just ask somewhere else on the SE network, and they'll migrate my question to the correct site! Will a ban on one Stack Exchange site affect my standing on other sites in the network? Does this apply to meta sites too? My account is in good standing. Why am I still blocked?


Given the ideal $I=(xy,yz,zx)$ in the ring $\mathbb C[x,y,z]$. I want to compute $V(I)$, which is the intersection of all ideals containing $I$. And I also want to prove that $I$ can't be generated by two elements over $\mathbb C[x,y,z]$. How can I do this?

How would one prove that the ideal $(xy,xz,yz)$ of $k[x,y,z]$ for some field $k$, cannot be generated by two polynomials. In other words, prove:   $$(xy,xz,yz) \neq (f,g)\; \forall f,g \in k[x,y,z].$$   Furthermore, can somebody abstract this fact and prove it for $k[x_1,x_2,...,x_n]$? Maybe that the ideal of certain combinations of multiplied variables $x_i$ is not generated by less elements. Please ask if my question is unclear.  Edit: Specifically, I want to say that the ideal generated by all combinatorial products of $n-1$ variables in $k[x_1,x_2,...,x_n]$ cannot be generated by less elements. But if somebody has a different abstraction, please share.


If $n$ is a natural number such that $ n \geq 2$, then the numbers $n! + 2, n! + 3, n! + 4... n! + n$ are all composite.   (Thus, for any n greater than or equal to 2, one can find n consecutive composite numbers)   I started with just plugging in numbers to see if they were composite and they were. But I don't know how to prove it for all natural numbers.

Recall that if $n$ is a positive integer, $n! = n(n-1)\cdots 3\cdot2\cdot1$.  a) Let $n$, $k$ be positive integers with $1< k \le n$. Prove that $n! + k$ is composite.  b) Using part a, find $100$ consecutive integers all of which are composite.  c) In part b you gave a sequence of $100$ consecutive integers all of which are composite. You should be able to use the same idea to find $\ell$ consecutive integers which are composite for any positive integer $\ell$. In other words, you can find sequences of any length which consist of consecutive integers and contain no primes. Does this contradict the fact that there are an infinite number of prime numbers?


Well first i'm using language c i still a beginner.  char S[20]; S ="ewer" ;   is that correct.

I am a little surprised by the following.  Example 1:  char s[100] = "abcd"; // declare and initialize - WORKS   Example 2:  char s[100]; // declare s = "hello"; // initalize - DOESN'T WORK ('lvalue required' error)   I'm wondering why the second approach doesn't work. It seems natural that it should (it works with other data types)? Could someone explain me the logic behind this?


The known acceptable range for (for example) an ethernet networking cable before any kind of noticable drop in speed or latency appears is a whole 100 meters for standard class cat5e, cat6 and cat6e cables, and there are variants that can extend this range up to 500 meters and this is for 100mbps, 1gbps and 10gbps speeds depending on what cable you're using...  And I don't know the specs for HDMI, but I'm having absolutely no noticable problems with a 10 meter hdmi cable, and judging by what I saw on the market this should go on for quite some distance beyond this (at least 20m).  Meanwhile over in USB land the maximum distance extension cable I've seen was 3 meters, any longer and it's generally deemed unreliable unless you have a repeater on your cable, and I've actually tested this and if I am extending a USB cable beyond the recommended parameters I start seeing problems (even over 5m with a repeater I have problems) hell, I have a 5 meter cable with no repeater, and it worked for a while shortly after I got it, but then when I tried to connect devices to it after only short use it simply stopped working (windows said unknown/unrecognized device or something like that) and this is only for up to a maximum of 5gbit transfer rates, much lower than what you could acheive with ethernet.  And somehow despite all these problems, it seems like it has no issue with USB Hubs for connecting multiple devices to the same port (as long as they all get powered independently...) but admittedly this too starts degrading if you are using extension cables...  Why does USB have these problems with cable lengths; and only these VERY SHORT lengths when everything else seems to be able to extend pretty much across an entire building without any noticable issues?  And is there anything that can be done to bypass these limitations?

I want to use a very long USB cable to place a webcam in a different room. The maximum length that I found was five meters.   What is the maximum length of a USB cable? What is the maximum length achievable when using USB extension cables?


Can anybody help me to find an older Sci-Fi novel from Russia from the 70's or 80's?  It's about a group of astronauts exploring the galaxy (or even the whole universe) for new planets and life forms. In their expeditions, they use some kind of wormholes for traveling  to explore the universe and also return to Earth.  The story starts with the return of the astronauts from their first expedition. They insert their ships into Earth's orbit before getting the permission from mission control to enter the Earth's atmosphere. Everything seems normal until the astronauts notices that everything in their ship is mirror-inverted. Before their expedition, all the buttons which were right are now on the left side of the cockpit for example.   It's some kind of pole reversal and all the ships and the crew within become anti-matter itself, most likely because of the worm hole. So mission control forbid all ships involved to return to Earth and even orders them to leave the solar system and never to return, for the sake of all.  My father read this novel in his youth in the Russian language, so some information may be wrong. Nevertheless, I hope that you will be able to help me find the name of the author and the book.

A novel of Russian author. Presumably, published in 1980s. An expedition to a remote galaxy on its way back to the Earth encounters a strange phenomena. During the passage through a "cloud" of some kind, the entire spaceship, with all passengers, is converted to anti-matter.   The characters realize this and the conclusion is appalling - they can't get back home. Author describes behavior of people then - some continue discovering ways to reach the Earth, some get embittered, one of the characters starts drinking.


I am looking for lenses to use with my Nikon D5600 that would be good for bird photography. I recently bought it and was wondering what lenses would be good. My budget is up to $400. Thanks in advance

I purchased Nikon D5600 last month.  While doing bird photography I realize, 70-300 mm lens is not sufficient. I have few queries:  (1) Which lens is recommended for wildlife photography? I checked for 150-600mm, but did not find in local market for Nikon. Mostly Canon compatible lenses are available.  (2) Is D5600 suitable for such photography or shall I upgrade to D7500 ?


I asked a somewhat similar question to this recently (see ), but what I'm asking here is a little bit different.  Also, if this question belongs in a different forum, I apologize in advance, and am happy to repost it elsewhere.  I want to set up an actual rsync server on my Android device, but one which works without a WiFi connection. In other words, I want it to work over a normal "cell phone" data connection. The only ways I've been able to get an rsync server to work so far is over a WiFi connection.  I know how to determine the device's assigned IP address in real time (even with a cell-based, non-WiFi data connection) and how make that IP address available to sources outside of the device. But I haven't been able to get the device to listen on that specific IP address when I do not have a WiFi connection.  Does anyone know if this is even possible?  Thank you in advance.

I am having an Android device and I want to connect in via 3G/4G and I am getting connection refused.  Any ideas how to do that?


Please include an 'Add Favourite' option for questions in the Stack Exchange mobile application, which is already available on the stack exchange sites on the web.

I've found an interesting question when browsing Freelancers.SE. I've tried to star (favorite) the question but I couldn't find the option...  How to star a question from the Android app?


I want to make a pretty lean phone validation - digits, hyphens and spaces, no less than 6 symbols.    \d+[- ] does what I want but I want to check the length too. Obviously, (\d+[- ]){6,15} doesn't work but I imagine it to be something similar. I'd like to limit the length of the whole string too.    Some things I'd like to be valid: - 0123456789 - 1-800-555-2468 - 1 234 4567

I'm trying to put together a comprehensive regex to validate phone numbers. Ideally it would handle international formats, but it must handle US formats, including the following:   1-234-567-8901 1-234-567-8901 x1234 1-234-567-8901 ext1234 1 (234) 567-8901 1.234.567.8901 1/234/567/8901 12345678901   I'll answer with my current attempt, but I'm hoping somebody has something better and/or more elegant.


i have found that i had a adware installed on my Windows 8.1 PC that keep installing either Opera or Chrome, i managed to remove it so never mind that, but Chrome keep being installed every one hour of season (which means: for every hour that i use the PC), so what i want is to prevent Chrome to be installed on my PC forever, also preventing "our sponsors" from make a pack installing when i install a freeware.  to put simply: prevent Google Chrome being installed on this PC for it's lifespan

What should I do if my Windows computer seems to be infected with a virus or malware?  What are the symptoms of an infection? What should I do after noticing an infection? What can I do to get rid of it? how to prevent from infection by malware?   This question comes up frequently, and the suggested solutions are usually the same. This community wiki is an attempt to serve as the definitive, most comprehensive answer possible. Feel free to add your contributions via edits.


./mercurystandalone-3.3-linux-installer.run   nothing happened at all  double click the executable in file manager it let me choose the default program to run  In properties I already checked the option allow executing file as program  The other command I tried:  uname -a Linux ubuntu 3.8.0-34-generic #49~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Nov 13 18:05:00 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux  file ./mercurystandalone-3.3-linux-installer.run ./mercurystandalone-3.3-linux-installer.run: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, stripped  ldd mercurystandalone-3.3-linux-installer.run     not a dynamic executable  sudo sh ./mercurystandalone-3.1-linux-installer.run [sudo] password for xxx: ./mercurystandalone-3.1-linux-installer.run: 1: ./mercurystandalone-3.1-linux-installer.run: Syntax error: "(" unexpected  ls -l  -rwxrwx--x 1 xxx xxx 142824167 Jan 28 10:58 mercurystandalone-3.1-linux-installer.run   Please help me install this program. Thanks in advance!

My PC has both Ubuntu and Windows 7 installed. I have installed all my drivers in Windows like Nvidia graphics, motherboard etc. Shall I install them in Ubuntu too?  I looked on the web for my Nvidia drivers and I have found a .run file. How could I install it on my Ubuntu?


EDITO: I'm creating a website and the images they gave me are too big. In Windows I used Photoshop to reduce the size, or maybe it is better to say scale the size, because I want to keep the whole image, in a smaller size, to be able to put them in the grid.  I ask for advice here, because I never use an editor in Ubuntu, I see all that there is in: Ubuntu Software, but not what would be the most appropriate for professional image editing, in the creation of a website, and to be able to give the best possible appearance to the images. In this case, reduce the size of some images, or perhaps it would be better to say, re-dimension. Thank you.

Possible Duplicate:          Hello. I am working in Ubuntu. I want to do some editing and drawing. On Windows I was using Adobe PhotoShop like software. Now I want to know which are the software available  for doing this. Also, is there any default software for drawing an image?


I wanted to know if it is possible to add a badge earned in the presentation of his profile.  Like :

What if we allowed users to show off specific badges, you know, like those holiday hats? (aka winterbash)  I know that we can already see a badge count for users, so, for example, other users can see that I currently have 7 silver badges and 30 bronze badges. But some of those badges are more important to me than others, and I'd kind of like to show off my accomplishments.  Like hats, users could select some number of badges (maybe up to 2) which will appear more promintently on their profile. Rather than simply the text, the badges, like real medals, could have different designs and images that in some way reflect the accomplishment (hopefully humorously). For example, I might show off my Caucus badge after I've voted (which might help to encourage other users to vote) or my Informed badge (which might help to advertise the new About page). I just earned my first Good Question badge, which I'd like to show off, and I'm working toward Fanatic and Sportsmanship.  In all cases, the ability to show off specific badges we are proud of would help to promote those badges and the behavior associated with them.


Consider the following matrix of harmonic series. $$\begin{pmatrix} 1/1 & 1/2 & \ldots & 1/n \\ 1/2 & 1/3 & \ldots & 1/(n+1) \\ &\ldots& \ldots &\\ 1/n & 1/(n+1) & \ldots & 1/(2n-1) \\ \end{pmatrix}$$ I would like to know the form of its determinant. Or, if the determinant is not easy to express, can one show that it is non-zero?

In my studies of matrix theory I came across the famous Hilbert matrix, which is a square $ n \times n $ matrix $ H $ with entries given by: $ h_{ij} = \frac{1}{i+j-1} $ and this is an example of a Cauchy matrix, which is a matrix $ C_n $ of the form $ c_{ij} = \frac{1}{x_i+y_j} $ and for this matrix there is the well known formula for the determinant:  $$\det(C) = \dfrac {\displaystyle \prod_{1 \mathop \le i \mathop < j \mathop \le n} \left({x_j - x_i}\right) \left({y_j - y_i}\right)} {\displaystyle \prod_{1 \mathop \le i, \, j \mathop \le n} \left({x_i + y_j}\right)}$$  Now I think I can substitute the sequences for the Hilbert matrix but I cannot see how to get :  $$\det(H) = \frac{c_n^4}{c_{2n}}$$  where   $$c_n = \prod_{i=1}^{n-1} i^{n-1} =\prod_{i=1}^{n-1} i!$$  and I was hoping someone would please help me obtain the closed form. Thanks.


I'm genuinely in confusion when it comes to using those two: can I draw a distintive line in using them?   Thank you.

This is something that confuses me from time to time. When making an analogy in literature, is it better to use the phrase "as if" or "as though", or is it completely a style thing?  E.g.      She looked frazzled, as if she had just gotten off of a roller coaster.   or     She looked frazzled, as though she had just gotten off of a roller coaster.


I am working on a Double Leaf Bascule bridge spanning across a river that needs rehabilitated. The bridge is driven from a ControlLogix PLC consisting of 4 racks on the nearside span. Power/control is sent to the farside span via a single submarine cable installed in 1987. We are attempting to install a 5th I/O rack on the farside span to control various relays/encoders. The problem is there's no ethernet cable inside the submarine cables for the farside I/O rack. The options are to use either a Coaxial cable (RG-11) or a shielded twisted pair. Could we install a media converter on both spans (ethernet->coax->ethernet) to communicate with the farside I/O rack?

I am working on a double leaf bascule bridge and installing a PLC I/O rack on the farside. The power transmission between the two piers (nearside and farside) is via a single submarine cable (installed 1987). Unfortunately, the submarine cable is made up of #10 AWG xhhw-2 control wires and no ethernet cables. Would it be possible to use 8 individual #10 AWG wires to make up the "4-pair" cable required for PLC communication? I would like to avoid wireless communication, and modifying existing/installing a new submarine cable is not an option.


How would I solve this problem? Thanks in advance.  Please just give the number for the answer instead of strategies, those are really unhelpful. If this is a duplicate please put a link for the answered question.  I just want a number for the answer, so far this website has been really unhelpful.

How many subsets of $\{1,2,...,n\}$ have no two consecutive numbers ?  Here is the solution :  The subsets are interpreted as $n$-words from the alphabet $\{0,1\}$. Let $a_n$ be the number of words with no consecutive ones. Then, a word can start from $0$ and proceed in $a_{n-1}$ ways or start with $10$ and proceed in $a_{n-2}$ ways. Therefore, $a_{n} = a_{n-1} + a_{n-2}$. $a_1 = 2, a_2 = 3$. So, $a_n = F_{n+2}$.  I have no trouble understanding the part of the argument linking $a_n$ with the Fibonacci numbers. But, I have trouble understanding the bijective argument.  What is a $n$ word ? And, how is the bijective constructed here ? How is $a_n$ linked to the question ?


Since asking questions is a rigurous thing to do and you could get down votes for very simple mistakes and even possibly get question banned if you accumulate enough.  What happens if I ask a question which could be ambiguous in terms of where the question should be asked ?   For instance, if a question is about programming () and at the same time about security ().  Is there a way to link both comunities ?

It is possible to migrate a question from one Stack Exchange site to another by closing, but if I have a question that I think is on-topic for multiple Stack Exchange sites, is it OK to post it on both (multipost)?   For example, I have a question that's earned me the tumbleweed badge on SO and I'm not sure what the best thing to do with it is. It's about a web server so it might be answerable on Server Fault but it's really more of a programming thing, hence the posting the question on Stack Overflow.    Is there any way to make the question visible on multiple sites (crosspost) and then accept the answer wherever it came from?


\documentclass[12pt]{thesis}  \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhf{} \fancyhead[C]{\thepage}  \begin{document}  My text.  \end{document}

When using fancyhdr, how do you remove the top horizontal rule?  I do not want a header at all, just a footer.  This is what I do now:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy}  \lfoot{text} \cfoot{text 2} \rfoot{text 3}  \begin{document} Foo Bar \end{document}


Let $(X,||.||)$ be a real Banach space , then is it true that there exists a norm $||.||_1$ on $X$ coming from an inner product such that $||.|| , ||.||_1$ generates same topology on $X$ or atleast $(X,||.||)$ and $(X,||.||_1)$ are homeomorphic ?

Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces. It is quite easy to show that they are homeomorphic when their dimensions are finite and equal.  However, I find it difficult to show that they are homeomorphic when their dimensions are infinite and equal. Here, the statement that their dimensions are equal must mean that a basis of $X$ and a basis of $Y$ have the same cardinality. (I know that any vector space has a basis by Zorn's Lemma.)  Could anyone help me how to show that they are homeomorphic when their dimensions are infinite?


I was just reviewing some suggested edits, and then a lot of edits that were just meant to add the  tag came in for review. Because of that, I decided to check what was the deal with this tag, and from what it seems, it's a tag that doesn't really seem to be necessary at all. I then saw that all of these tags were added by the same user, who seems to have been suggesting a lot of these kinds of tags. Here's a list of the tags I'm talking about in particular:           (should perhaps be voronoi-chart?)  (parallel-coordinates-chart?)  (force-layout-chart?) tooltip - sunburst-diagram - bubble-chart - function-overloading - bar-chart (and stream-graph)  Some of which seem to have more than one follower, but I do think all of these are quite unnecessary. These are just the tags I could easily find up to page 25 of this particular user's suggested edits, but I'm quite sure there are a lot more (including ones I might have missed on the first 25 pages). Important to note is that these tags are not accidental creations, since this user also adds the tags he makes onto seemingly every question he finds related. I've seen in this bunch of edit reviews that most of his suggestions have been rejected, but in his suggested edit history a lot of really minor edits still went through, without anybody rejecting it as a too-minor edit (which is perhaps another thing to worry about - perhaps more too-minor edit suggestion review audits?). So in conclusion, a lot of very minor edits that added quite unnecessary tags have been accepted recently, and I'd like to request some action against these tags. I don't believe these tags should have been created in the first place, but the huge amount of edits that were this minor yet were still approved so easily does seem a bit worrying. Edit: I've removed 5 tags from my list, per . The other ones are either quite unclear or ambiguous (force-layout for example could refer to the chart, but it could as well be what a "How to force div below paragraph" question could be tagged with). The ones I removed are not as much 'Meta Tags' by 's definition "If the tag can’t work as the only tag on a question, it’s probably a meta-tag." as the other ones, but the ones from highlight to label just fail miserably for either that requirement, or the one below that.

It's an additional unnecessary burden to the honest stacker during suggested edit duty. A question presents some code then the minor editor adds a tag like 'for-loop' or 'forms'.  These tags are so general that they only have a handful of followers. They serve no useful purpose and are the cause of many too minor edits. Why not permit culling of generic tags?


First of all, I did research my issue on Stackoverflow and found an answer as to WHAT the NullPointerException is. However, I do not understand WHY I have a NullPointerException.  This code creates a simple grade tracking program. The following are data fields:  private String name; private double[] testScores; //relevant to question   private int x = 0; private String answer; private double testAverage; private double tScore;//Relevant to question   So the Exception that I got occured when a Student object called this method. After I commented out the line with the array in the method definition, the Exception ceased to appear. I replaced the array with double tScore and the program started working fine. I do not understand why the use of an array gave me a NullPointerException. Please help me I am so confused by this issue. I tried to figure it out, but do not understand WHY this happened. Thanks for your help.  public void inputGrades()   {        Scanner gradeRead = new Scanner(System.in);        System.out.println("Please Enter Student Grades.");         do        {             //testScores[x] = gradeRead.nextDouble(); ---Problem Line---            tScore = (gradeRead.nextDouble());            System.out.println("Are There Any More Grades? Enter y or n");            answer = gradeRead.next();            x++;        }        while(answer.equalsIgnoreCase("Y"));   }

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


I've an Intel Core i7 64 bit PC.  I've seen that Ubuntu 14.04 LTS has the following two versions..  ubuntu-14.04-desktop-i386.iso    (Intel 32 bit)  ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso   (AMD 64 bit)  Can I use ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso to install Ubuntu onto my Intel 64 bit machine? Would I face any problem if I do this?  Or Should I install 32 bit version on my 64 bit pc? But if I do this, I think I won't be able to get the advantages of having a 64 bit pc..right?  What should I do now?  Please someone clear the fact (difference) of Intel x86 and AMD64.

What is the difference between standard i386 download and the amd64 download of Ubuntu 11.04? I am currently running the i386 on an amd machine, would my system work better with the amd64 download instead? (my machine was running Windows 7 64bit, but I neglected to look at that prior to installing Ubuntu).


Back in the day i had dual boot(windows10) so i have a few NTFS partitions in my drive, but i deleted Windows long ago still not combined these part of my drives. I mount NTFS style but its not ideal. I want to combined some of NTFS areas to Linux file system.  Here's my current situation with gParted.  I can delete /sda2 its currently fully empty. But can deleting /sda2 make it combine with /ext4 ?

Previously, I have installed Windows 7 on my 320 GB laptop with three partitions 173, 84 and 63 GB each. The 63 GB partition was where the Windows was installed. The rest were for file containers.  Now I changed my OS to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. I installed Ubuntu by replacing the entire Windows 7 on the 63 GB partition. The rest of the partitions remain as an NTFS Windows partition and I can still access them both (the 173 and 84 GB partitions).  Now I want to change the two partitions of Windows into an Ubuntu format partitions plus most importantly, I want to extend the 63 GB partition to more than a 100 GB because at the moment I am running out of disk space. Whenever I try to install any application, especially using wine, it always complains for a shortage of disk space.  How do I do the extending activity before I entirely format my laptop again and lose all the important files on my partitions?


I am total noob at cameras/lenses so I don't know what I am buying. My cousin has asked me to bring 70-300mm or 18-300mm lens for his D3300. Now, I don't know what lens will be compatible with the D3300.   I tried visiting a camera store () and was blown away with lens options. Can someone guide me, what brand, mount, or whatever technical terms are are compatible with D3300?

When looking at a lens name, there are a lot acronyms describing its features (often specific to the manufacturer).   Examples, Nikon: Nikon AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED Nikon AF-I 600mm f/4D IF-ED Nikon AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f/2.8G IF-ED    Examples, Canon: Canon EF 85mm f1.2L USM Mark II Canon 70-300mm f/4.5-f/5.6 DO IS    Examples, Sigma: Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX APO DG HSM Macro Sigma 70-200mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM Sigma 50-150mm F2.8 EX DC APO HSM II    How do I decipher these lens codes from different manufacturers?


I am getting the following error while install mysql  Steps I did : Downloaded apt file from here  run this command  sudo dpkg -i path   In that there is no option to select 5.5 so I selected 5.6 then   sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mysql-server   but it gives error  Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation:  The following packages have unmet dependencies:  mysql-server : Depends: mysql-server-5.5 but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.   /etc/apt/sources.list :   /etc/apt/sources.list.d :   kubuntu-ci-stable-trusty.list kubuntu-ci-stable-trusty.list.save pwntools-binutils-trusty.list pwntools-binutils-trusty.list.save rvm-smplayer-trusty.list webupd8team-java-trusty.list webupd8team-java-trusty.list.save

I recently upgraded to Ubuntu 16.04. Unfortunately I need to work MySQL 5.5 or 5.6. I tried many solutions to have MySQL 5.5 or 5.6 run on Ubuntu 16.04 like this  . But none of them is working. Ubuntu detect the unmet dependencies but says "but it is not going to be installed" for 5.5 or says Package 'mysql-server-5.6' has no installation candidate...  Is it not possible to force an earlier version of MySQL on Ubuntu? Why is that?


I recently bought a green, and a brown coconut (different stages of maturation). I drunk the liquid from the green, young one, which is apparently what you are supposed to do, and it tasted terrible. It was sourish not sweet at all, and had almost like a carbonated feel to it. However, water from the brown coconut (mature) tasted delicious and sweet, and left me much more satisfied. Is there a reason for this, because this is contrary to what I read online.

The warning label on each coconut describes how to treat the water within each. The water on the brown coconut is to be discarded; the water on the white coconut is safe for consumption.   In what ways is the water from the brown coconut different than that of the white coconut?


I am currently working on a Lamborghini as an assignment, and while I was working on the textures for previewing, I encountered an issue with the glass. For some reason, the objects in the interior have their position and shape warped by the glass, as seen in the example below.     Another issue this causes is that when there are multiple windows within view, the parts of the interior objects don't appear as if they would actually connect to eachother.     So far, I have tried adjusting the lights, adding thickness to the glass (which didn't work, so I removed it), and altering the material for the glass, but nothing I've done so far has worked. I'll provide my node setup for the glass below, and you can download the blend file . Thanks for the help!

What could be causing my plane with glass shader to act like a lens?  I want normal glass, and already have tried 2 different node setups, but it still acts like a lens.  Render:   Glass node setup 1:   Glass node setup 2:


The following example uses the acronym for Transportation Rail Specialist - Explosives (TRS-E).  Is the plural (TRSs-E) or (TRS-Es)?

For abbreviations - both acronyms and initialisms - where the last word in the abbreviation is the noun, I'm accustomed to adding an 's' with no apostrophe (e.g. ATMs), as described in the answer to this question:   But how do you pluralize abbreviations where the noun is not the last word? E.g. 'Point of Presence' (POP)  I can see how 'POPs' could read 'Point of Presences', when the intention is 'Points of Presence.'


So when my friend tried to build with water he accedentaly messed up somehow. I am playing on a server so i cant use any mods or plugins or anything. The game i am playing on the server is creative so i have a limited space to build. Anyways I want to know a way to clear all of this water out without worldedit in a easy way that is also quick. I want a way to clear all of this water. Thanks!

I've sectioned of this area in the sea near my base, and I need to get rid of all the water from it.  From what I've tried the only way I can see to clear it is fully cover one layer, delete the blocks, then go down to the next layer. Is that the only way I can clear the area or is there a better approach?  Ideally I'd like a survival method (if there is a better one), but any commands what could be used I'd like to hear just so I can learn more commands :)


Besides Stack Exchange (chat.stackexchange.com) and Stack Overflow (chat.stackoverflow.com), which sites also have individual chat room lists?

Generally chat.<site>.com redirects to chat.stackexchange.com/?tab=site&host=<site>.com and go for same thing but here you can check your self:       Both are Different!  If one visits  and select site: StackOverflow, then it outputs  and they miss rooms that are only listed by .  So, why does this happen? Is this a bug?  Note: I found this while  for general chat-room at StackOverflow; see chat-discussion


Possible Duplicate:             Well, I remembered this after having Algebra II a year ago, is it possible that this is a valid proof that $1 = -1$?  $$ 1 = \sqrt{1} = \sqrt{-1\cdot-1} = \sqrt{-1} \cdot \sqrt{-1} = i \cdot i = i^2 = -1 $$  $$ \therefore 1 = -1 $$  So is this actually fully valid? Or can it be disproved?


How can I restore a sticky note in Windows 7. It is important. I was typing on it and the yellow square suddenly just went blank. I scrolled up and down but the entire thing was blank. The note remained but it was blank. How could this happen? And can I restore it?   It is a song someone wrote for me.It is very important, because I am producing a album. I have tried to follow instructions posted by someone already, but no info opens up. I posted:   %AppData%\Microsoft\Sticky Notes\StickyNotes.snt  as someone suggested, but it did not work. It said there is no program to open it.

By accident, I closed my sticky notes in Windows. Is there any way to recover them?


When I compile my tex file in linux using latex filename, I get the error that changepage.sty is missing. How should I install the package?  thanks a lot.

I need to install a new TeX/LaTeX/ConTeXt package on my computer.  I'm running Ubuntu/Fedora/Slackware/Some-Version-Of Linux.  What are the possible ways to do this?    Note:   We get a number of questions that essentially reduce to this one; it was felt a good idea to have one question-and-answer that can cover all the standard methods.  See  for the discussion.  The question-and-answer are CW so that more information can be easily added.  If you have information to add, please do so.  If you are unsure, leave a comment here or (preferably) in .  Comments on the question and answer will be periodically removed to ensure that the information is clear.


What is the potential energy of the spring?  On the left side there is a gravitational force $mg$ acts on the spring, same on for the right side. So, If force $mg$ streches the spring $x$ units then $2mg$ will strech the spring $2x$. Therefore,  $$F=kx$$  $$2mg=kx$$  $$\frac{2mg}{k}=x$$  $$U=\frac{1}{2}k{x}^{2}=\frac{1}{2}k(\frac{2mg}{k})^{2}$$  $$U=\frac{2{m}^{2}{g}^{2}}{k}$$  Is my interpretation correct?

I'm going to provide my argument for why I think the tension in a rope should be twice the force exerted on either side of it.  First, let's consider a different example. Say, there is a person named A and a block in space. A pushes on the block with a force of 100 N. Then, the block will also push A with a force of 100 N by Newton's third law. Now, consider the case where instead of the block, there is a person B who is also pushing on A with a force of 100 N while A is pushing on him. A will experience a force of 100 N because he pushed on B, AND another 100 N because he is being pushed by B. Hence he will experience a force of 200 N. Similarly, B also experiences 200 N of force.  Now, back to the original problem. There are two people A and B in space with a taut rope (no tension currently) in between them. If only A is pulling and B is not, then I agree that the tension is equal to the force A exerts. This situation (in my opinion) becomes analogous to the above if B is also pulling. So, say both of them pull from either side with a force of 100 N. Then the rope at the end of B will pull B with a force of 100 N (this pull is caused by A). By Newton's third law, the rope will experience a pull of 100 N. But B is also pulling his end of the rope with 100 N. Therefore, the tension should be 200 N. Similarly, the end of the rope at A must pull A with 100 N of force (because B is pulling from the other side) and hence experience a force of 100 N itself by Newton's third law plus another 100 N because A is pulling on the rope.  Apparently, the answer is not this (according to my searching on the web). So, could anyone tell me why this reasoning is wrong? Thanks.  EDIT : So apparently people don't agree with my first example, leave alone the second. This is to the downvoters and the upvoters of the highest-rated answer: You all agree that if only A pushes B with a force of 100 N, then A and B both will get pushed by a force of 100 N in opposite directions, right? Then, in the case where B is also pushing with a force of 100 N, it doesn't make sense that the answer would be exactly the same. It doesn't seem right that no matter what B does, B and A will always experience the same force as they would have if B hadn't applied any force.  EDIT 2 : I'm going to provide here a link to a question that I posted:  According to the answer and the comments there, the reason as to why my first example is incorrect is different to the one provided here. So maybe you should all read the answer and the comments provided by the person and reconsider what you think.


Well, Before I decided to post this I have tried all the solutions provided here that are related to my issue. And I know it's a simple but this is my first time ever dealing with Bash .. so please bear with me a little  I have this Script      FILES=*.html for f in $FILES do    # extension="${f##*.}"   filename="${f%.*}"   echo "Converting $f to $filename.md"   `pandoc $f -t markdown -o $filename.md`   rm $f done   This script was created to convert a directory full of Html files into markdown equivalents. It uses Pandoc to do the conversion.  The issue is this script will convert the file in the same exact folder only, and I want to convert all the files in subfolders like this:  Folder1/Folder2/folder3/index.html   So any ideas on how I could do this?

I'd like to write something like this:  $ ls **.py   in order to get all .py filenames, recursively walking a directory hierarchy.  Even if there are .py files to find, the shell (bash) gives this output:  ls: cannot access **.py: No such file or directory   Any way to do what I want?  EDIT: I'd like to specify that I'm not interested in the specific case of ls, but the question is about the glob syntax.


I am trying to install katoolin on Ubuntu 18.04  I have done-      git clone https://github.com/LionSec/katoolin.git     sudo cp katoolin/katoolin.py /usr/bin/katoolin     sudo chmod a+x /usr/bin/katoolin     sudo katoolin   When I run sudo katoolin  it gives the following error-  File "/usr/bin/katoolin", line 8     print "Sorry. This script requires sudo privledges"                                                       ^ SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print("Sorry. This script requires sudo privledges")?   What should I do? Thanks.

I think everyone has known - we need to install katoolin to use Kali Linux Tools on Ubuntu. Before did anything I had looked through the internet and also found out these solutions: ,   So here are my steps:  apt-get install git git clone https://github.com/LionSec/katoolin.git && cp katoolin/katoolin.py /usr/bin/katoolin chmod +x  /usr/bin/katoolin sudo katoolin   Then, to add Kali Linux repositories and update them, I selected option 1 from the katoolin Menu  Then, to view the available categories and install all available tools, I selected option 2 from the main menu of katoolin and then pressed 0.   But after that I got this:    What do you want to do ?>    1) Add Kali repositories & Update  2) View Categories 3) Install classicmenu indicator 4) Install Kali menu 5) Help   kat > 2  ************************** All Categories **************************  1) Information Gathering                      8) Exploitation Tools 2) Vulnerability Analysis                     9) Forensics Tools 3) Wireless Attacks                           10) Stress Testing 4) Web Applications                           11) Password Attacks 5) Sniffing & Spoofing                        12) Reverse Engineering 6) Maintaining Access                         13) Hardware Hacking 7) Reporting Tools                            14) Extra  0) All   Select a category or press (0) to install all Kali linux tools .  Furthermore, I got an error in Software Updater - it didn't let me do anything. Ubuntu just hung up. I solved this problem by deleting kali linux repositories in katoolin and then in Software Updater.  Does anyone know how to install Kali Linux tools in Ubuntu 16.04 in a proper way?


Hell i have nonsense values of variance and standart deviation in numpy. this documentation no make sense with this sample.   youtube example calculation mean:9, var:9 >>> import numpy as np >>> a=np.array([6,9,14,10,5,8,1]) >>> np.mean(a) 7.571428571428571 >>> np.var(a) 14.530612244897958 >>> np.std(a) 3.8119040183218096 >>> np.nanvar(a) 14.530612244897958  edit for youtubeissues: a=np.array([5,6,8,9,10,11,14])  >>> np.var(a) 8.0   edit for a smaller sample for apply the variance equation a=2,3,4,5 mean=3.5 var=((2-3.5)**2+(2-3.5)**2+(3-3.5)**2+(4-3.5)**2+(5-3.5)**2) / 3 = 2.4166666666666665 >>> a=np.array([2,3,4,5]) >>> np.var(a) 1.25 >>> np.mean(a) 3.5 >>> np.std(a) 1.118033988749895  How i fix this value of variance? what is the problem with numpy?

I'm new to statistics and reading stats books I found different definitions for Variance.  Definition1: $ s^2 = \frac{1}{n-1} \sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \bar{x})^2 $  Definition2: $ s^2 = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \bar{x})^2 $  I would like to know why is used different definition for same thing?


Prove that sum of elements in reduced residue system modulo $n \in N$ is divisible by $n$.  I feel like problem just comes down to pairing elements of RRS in way that they are congruent, but can't quite work it out. Please post detailed and readable answer, as most of problems I need to do basically comes down to this one ..

Show that if $c_1, c_2,\ldots, c_{\phi(m)}$ is a reduced residue system modulo $m$, $m \neq 2$, and $m$ is a positive integer, then $c_1 +\cdots+ c_{\phi(m)} \equiv 0 \pmod{m}$   From the problem statement, I only know that $\gcd(c_i, m ) = 1$. Is there any related theorem that I missed?  A hint would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks, Chan


I'm trying to do some basic form validation using Regex. I want it to match (therefore allow) submissions which DON'T include URLs. This has been working well for single-line submissions: ^((?!https|http|www).)*$ But it seems to also be blocking any multi-line submissions at all, and I can't figure out why! I've also attempted (.*)\s*\n?\s*(?!(https|http|www.)) which worked in a regex tester, but not on my site for some reason. Thanks

For example, this regex  (.*)<FooBar>   will match:  abcde<FooBar>   But how do I get it to match across multiple lines?  abcde fghij<FooBar>


I am trying to understand an identity of the $\delta$-function written on : \begin{equation} \int \mathrm{d} x \; f(x) \delta[g(x)] = \sum\limits_i \frac{f(x_i)}{\left| \frac{dg(x_i)}{dx}\right|} \tag{1} \end{equation} where $x_i$ are the zeros of $g(x)$ (i.e. $g(x_i)=0$). Now, my question is about the denominator on the right-hand side of equation $(1)$. Is that supposed to be a Jacobian determinant:  \begin{equation} \left|\frac{dg(x_i)}{dx}\right| \overset{?}{=} \mathrm{det}\left(\frac{dg(x_i)}{dx}\right) \end{equation} or is it supposed to mean the modulus? The reason I think it might be a Jacobian is because Wiki mentions that we can use the following identity to change variables of integration: \begin{equation}     \int_{\mathbf{R}} \delta\bigl(g(x)\bigr) f\bigl(g(x)\bigr) |g'(x)|\,dx = \int_{g(\mathbf{R})} \delta(u)f(u)\, du  \end{equation}

I've seen this identity in my electrodynamics book: $$\delta (f(x))=\sum_i{ \frac{1}{|{df\over dx}(x_i)|}\delta (x-x_i)}$$  Where $x_i$ shows the $i$th zero of $f(x)$. How can I prove it? I've tried the integral definition of delta function, but doesn't work.


I am trying to set up a UDP tunnel over SSH but it doesn't work.  Machine A is under Windows Machine B is running Linux  I want to connect (voice over IP) from machine A to machine B via UDP with protocol SIP.   On machine A I did : socat.exe udp4-listen:5060,reuseaddr,fork tcp:127.0.0.1:10000 On machine B I did  socat tcp4-listen:10002,reuseaddr,fork UDP:127.0.0.1:5060 On machine A I did also : SSH tunnel from machine A, port 10000 to machine B port 10002   But it doesn't seem to work, at least according to a SIP VOIP phone I am trying to use ?  Any suggestion would be welcomed :-)

The title pretty much sums it up.  I would like to send UDP traffic through a SSH tunnel.  Specifically, I need to be able to send UDP packets through the tunnel and have the server be able to send them back to me on the other side.  I know how to do it for TCP connections. Is this it possible with UDP?


I am looking for one particular short story that was in an anthology of sci-fi from the 1960s or 1970s. The title of the story may have been "The Village Green" or something like that.  In it, a group of desperate, dying sailors slip out of the earth into some other dimension/reality: an unformed world where at first there is only a stream and some breadfruit trees, but slowly their collective imagination fleshes out the world.  I think that only their distance from other people allowed them to slip away.    Another thing I remember is that one of the men, named Kruger, doesn't quite make it all the way and remains a disembodied spirit of sorts in the new world, plagued by thirst.  Eventually the protagonist makes his way back to Earth, where he is still thirsty.  Does anyone remember this story?   I want to read it again but can't remember the author or exact title...

Looking for title / author. A thin book I read in the early '60s. Maybe 100-125 pages.  Protagonist alone in fog/mist in a featureless place. As the book progresses more people show up and are as confused about how they got there as the protagonist. People spend time trying to explore this "non-place". Near the end of the book an explanation is given about some "field", fixed in space which travels over the surface of the earth as the planet rotates. If you're at the focus, you're transported to this non-place.  Thats about all I can remember. I'd love to find this book again and re-read it. It stuck in my mind all these years.


As in the title, I'm looking for an expression/idiom where a novice tries to lecture an expert on their field of expertise.

I am looking for an idiom/phrase which would mean that someone is trying to explain something to someone who obviously knows how it's done. It would be like a maths student trying to teach/explain to his maths professor in his university how to do calculus - he clearly knows it better than you!  My language has for example "nie ucz ojca dzieci robić" - that translates as "don't teach a father how to make kids" - is there an equivalent in English?


I was just studying my computer organization topic and came across words and the time taken to access words, memory access time. So this has something to do with the processor. Then I thought of the clock speed, how many instructions it executes or reads. And I just want to know whether there is any relationship between the two or I just need to understand both deeper.

RAM is just used for temporary storage. But since this storage is in the cpu memory (RAM) it is fast. Programs can easily read/write values into it. I've noticed more the RAM less time it takes for the application to load/execute. But doesn't this actually depend of the processor speed (MHz or GHz values). I am wondering what is the science/relationship between processor speed and RAM.


Can I say OS X inherits the architecture of Linux Kernel since I notice similarities between linux and OS X in many aspects such as terminal commands and system view.

From my limited knowledge: The Unix OS coder assumes the user knows what they're doing, etc. versus the Apple's you can only do it the way you are allowed to do it, etc.  Compared to other variations of Unix, what are Mac OS X's limitations, but also does it improve the user experience?  To try and clarify the question, it's more the user experience I'd like to read find out about. Although it's of interest that it's certified, that's not so relevant - Linux is not certified, but it's the closest I've come to using Unix up till now.


People I walk by in the game are always mentioning that I look "sick." Is that something they just say or is that a problem? If it's a problem, how can I fix it

I just created my new character 2 hours ago and I've reached a town. Sometimes random guards will comment that I look ill, or that I should rest. "You look sick, honey. Do you want to lie down?", isn't uncommon.  Did I unexpectedly get vampirism? I didn't fight any vampires, only a couple of wolves and bandits.  I'm a dark elf, so maybe my race isn't seen much around Skyrim and the remarks are more roleplay than actual illness.  Any ideas?


The new top bar for Stack Exchange sites is unappealing to me. Is there a way to restore the old look?

Upvote if you want the old layout back, downvote if you like the new one. :D


A common fix for many computer problems, is formatting a hard drive, and reinstalling the operating system. And, to help protect from future problems / be sure that all drivers are installed, I always update a computer after reinstalling the operating system. This is a various tedious, time-consuming process, especially when you have more than 3 computers to be repairing. I'm wondering if there's any way to have windows update from a local server / from a removable storage to save time, power, and bandwidth.

What options, if any, exist for offline update of Microsoft  Windows?  If a solution exists please list your experience using it.    Background:  If for any reason a computer does not have a connection to  the Internet or the connection is too slow to download  several hundreds of megabytes every so often some kind of  offline Windows Update is required.  In a multi-computer environment a lot of bandwidth (and thus in some cases money) and/or  time could also be saved if it is possible to update in an  offline manner.


I am applying to PhD programs in astronomy this fall, and I will need letters of recommendation. I have been working with a research group for about a year, have done a poster session at a major conference based on work I have done with this group and have written a piece of software that will be used in a collaboration with another group at a different university. In these examples I worked most closely with a post doc in the group, but the PI was aware of what we were doing. The PI is well respected and widely known in the field, and the post doc recently received a prestigious and well known fellowship.   I am unsure whether to ask the post doc (who knows me better) or the professor (who knows me but is also more established in the field) for a letter of recommendation. I am in the fortunate position that I have more potential letter writers than I need, so I would prefer to have only one from this research position to show the breadth of my other research experience. Would I be better suited by asking the PI or the post doc? Is it common to have jointly written letters?

I was guided by a Post-Doc for my undergraduate thesis, but the one responsible for all and offering the thesis was a Professor, who I only talked to when discussing the thesis, agreeing to it, and the explanation of the grade in the end. Who of both would be the one to ask for a letter of recommendation? More general, should you always ask the person with who one was mostly in contact during work, or the person responsible for it all, if they are not the same person?


If I opened a private/incognito window in Firefox/Chrome and visit site A. Suppose site A use cookie, the cookie will be stored. If I open a new private/incognito window and visit site A again, the cookie stored from previous visit will be served. How to configure Firefox/Chrome so that the cookie will not be served when I open a new private/incognito window? I know safari (tested on macOS 10.14) works like this. Each new tab in private mode in safari is a new independent isolated session (If a site use cookie (i.e. for login) open a page in new tab, the cookie will not be served (i.e. you will be asked to login again)). How to achieve something similar in Firefox/Chrome? Note: I have read , and I am aware of the fact that it's essentially asking about the same thing. But that question has been inactive for over 3 years, and does not contain any satisfying answer. Note 2: potential (non perfect) answers/ideas  using profile features of firefox/chrome. This is not perfect because profile are persistent, and you have to create a new one when you need it and delete it manually after using it. starting multiple instances of browser. There are no easy way to elegantly do it, and there are too much overhead.

If I open two incognito windows (Ctrl+Shift+N) and sign in service in one of them, I singed in other (the same cookie, I guess). How to do independent this two windows?


I have recently started with a small company that is having pretty bad problems with mail ending up in peoples junk folders.   They used to send large bursts of newsletters from the one address every 2 months, but I have now convinced them to stop, and use MailChimp.  Ive checked our domain to make sure we are not Blacklisted anywhere and chased up with our mail service provider that we have reverse DNS and SPF set up.  I have started including Opt-Out options in newsletters to reduce the chance of more people marking them as junk.   But the problem seems to be persisting and we are not really in a position to keep on going like this, as several important mails are not arriving, even after people add us to their contacts.  So. onto the actual questions! Is there anything else that I can do to quickly repair our reputation, or reduce the risk of being flagged as spam?  Also, is there any credence to the suggestion to opt for a business package like those google offer? Would they make any difference to the problem?  Sorry for the wordy question!

When sending or forwarding emails using a personal or company domain using a  website or email client, how do I prevent the email from being incorrectly marked as spam?


Prove that the sum of the reciprocals of all positive integers which do not contain the digit $9$ converges.   I can't see an easy way to write out what the series is explicitly, so I think I will have to compare it to another series which we know converges and is similar.

I know that the harmonic series $1 + \frac12 + \frac13 + \frac14 + \cdots$ diverges. I also know that the sum of the inverse of prime numbers $\frac12 + \frac13 + \frac15 + \frac17 + \frac1{11} + \cdots$ diverges too, even if really slowly since it's $O(\log \log n)$.  But I think I read that if we consider the numbers whose decimal representation does not have a certain digit (say, 7) and sum the inverse of these numbers, the sum is finite (usually between 19 and 20, it depends from the missing digit). Does anybody know the result, and some way to prove that the sum is finite?


I have a GTX 640 4 GB. I need help with drivers and how to install them please. I'm still very new to Ubuntu. I've been using it as my dedicated OS for about a week but I can't get my graphics card working properly.

I'm running Ubuntu 13.04 on DELL XPS L501 - Nvidia GeForce GT 420M. I'm using kernel 3.9.0-030900-generic.  All kernel-headers are installed in the system.  and  I've tried the following.   Use apt-get to install nvidia-current (which download 304) && load using modprobe Use apt-get to install nvidia-310 && load using modprobe Download nvidia 64-bit driver nvidia-319.23 for 400M series and install Use swat-x repo to install nvidia driver   All of these failed. And I tested it everytime like this   After the module is loaded (checked from lsmod),  restarted lightdm tested from get.webgl.org  (Google-Chrome webgl support is enabled)    Problem faced with nvidia-xconfig   after running nvidia-xconfig (which writes to /etc/X11/xorg.conf), and restarting lightdm, my display res changes to 640x480. and had to remove this file to revert back to old setting Have also tried commenting out those two lines which adjusts Horizontal and Vertical Setting in xorg.conf. That just rectified the resolution. But still I wasn't able to use the graphics card (webgl).   EDIT 1: (nouveau)   Tried rebooting after each installation Removed (purge) all of nouveau* before starting.  Removed one more package (dont remember the exact name though) - xorg-xserver-blah-blah.   EDIT 2: (bitlbee)   I had bitlbee installed before. Removed that too before starting installation. When bitlbee was present, NVIDIA-3.9-x86.run (downloaded from nvidia) was not able to recognize graphics card. But it did when I removed bitlbee. (So I'm assuming here that it should work if graphics driver was installed properly)   EDIT 3: (software-properties-gtk)   sudo software-properties-gtk the Additional drivers tab is always NIL. (before and after installation) (even if the installation was successful)   Have been trying this the whole day, and done it quite a few times. None of them worked.  Need help! Is it the problem with kernel-3.9, that there are no updates for this ?


I've been going through a company's photographer photos and I could narrow down two styles I'd like to develop and use in my shots, but I cannot figure out how he managed to do it:  It looks like it's using the same principle light writing uses but (also as far as I can tell, he is using a wide-angle lens for most shots), how did he manage to get everything to "rotate" but the subject in the centre of the photo?  Examples:        Help is very appreciated.

I would like to achieve this effect using my Nikon P510:      Are there any suggestions or tips that would help me do that?


Is it possible to parse the argument of a macro for a specified character and insert another LaTeX command after it?  I got this LaTeX source, which breaks the \hbox:  \documentclass[draft]{article} \usepackage{verbatim}  \begin{document} Here comes some explaining about stuff and then this very Java class \texttt{java.text.SimpleDateFormat} must be used! \end{document}   I was thinking of a macro, that inserts an \allowbreak{} after each dot. Another solution, that achieves the desired result, is welcome as well.

I often format path names with \texttt which can be very long. Usually Tex will not break this text. The line will just create a hbox overflow. It looks like this:  ................ ...C:\documents and settings ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................   How do I get Tex to create a line break?


What is the best program for backing Ubuntu up to a hard drive?

This question exists because it has historical significance, but it is not considered a good, on-topic question for this site, so please do not use it as evidence that you can ask similar questions here.  While you are encouraged to help maintain its answers, please understand that "big list" questions are not generally allowed on Ask Ubuntu and will be closed per the .   Backup is incredibly important. Obviously there's no best backup tool, but a comparison of the options would be very interesting.   Graphical Interface? Command line? Incremental backups? Automatic backups? Install method: In standard repositories? PPA?


I'm perplexed by some vertical lines that show up in these scatter plots on a log scale. Population is on the y-axis and the proportion of the neighborhood with the attribute mentioned in the panel label on the x-axis. Is this just an artifact of the transformation? (I thought perhaps this was due to digit preference or something like that, but I can't think how this might be possible in this dataset from census data.)

I am observing strange patterns in residuals for my data:   [EDIT] Here are the partial regression plots for the two variables:      [EDIT2] Added the PP Plot   The distribution  seems to be doing fine (see below) but I have no clue where this straight line might be coming from. Any ideas?   [UPDATE 31.07]  It turns out you were absolutely right, I had cases where the retweet count was indeed 0 and these ~ 15 cases resulted in those strange residual patterns.   The residuals look much better now:   I've also included the partial regressions with a loess line.


Image of step into for saveEmployee method:  I am learning Spring+JDBC, and trying to get SQL date-datatype into Java as java.util.Date or java.sql.Date object, and running into null pointer exception.  Code in the main method for inserting data into Employeetabke that causes exception:  //the following parses date string into java.util.date     ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");     EmployeeDAO empDao = (EmployeeDAO)ctx.getBean("employeeDao");     Employee employee = new Employee();     employee.setName("Robert");     //the following parses date string into java.util.date     employee.setJoining_Date((new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy")).parse("12/30/2016"));     employee.setSalary(200);     employee.setsSN("837463");   Definition of the setters in Employee.java model class:  import java.sql.Date  public void setJoining_Date(java.util.Date joining_Date) {         this.joining_Date = new java.sql.Date(joining_Date.getTime()); } public void setJoining_Date(Date joining_Date){         this.joining_Date = joining_Date; }   Method:  public void saveEmployee(Employee e){     this.jdbcTemplate.update(this.employee_insert, new Object[]{e.getName(), e.getJoining_Date(), e.getSalary(), e.getsSN()});     }   Exception:  Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException     at com.springdao.EmployeeDaoImpl.saveEmployee(EmployeeDaoImpl.java:49)     at com.springclient.EmployeeExec.main(EmployeeExec.java:28)   Please also advise about best practices regarding implementing such code.  Spring.xml:  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"             xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"             xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-                2.0.xsd">      <bean id ="dataSource" class               ="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">       <property name ="driverClassName" value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>       <property name ="url" value ="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/branch_db"/>       <property name ="username" value ="root"/>       <property name ="password" value ="root"/>     </bean>      <bean id ="jdbcTemplate" class                      ="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">       <property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource"/>     </bean>      <bean id ="employeeDao" class  ="com.springdao.EmployeeDaoImpl">       <property name ="jdbcTemplate" ref ="jdbcTemplate"/>     </bean>  </beans>

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


If you click Add Products or Edit Products on a quote record, a modal pops up. Is it possible to invoke this modal from a lightning component?

I have a form that needs to let the user select 3 out of 5 products, something similar to Order > Add Product (Modal). I was wondering if there was a way to bring that piece into my component (markup) and add some sort of filter that only shows the products I want to show.  What I found so far:  <lightning:listView objectApiName="Products2" listName="productsView" showActionBar="true" enableInlineEdit="true" showRowLevelActions="true"/>   But Product2 is not supported for that component.  also these from browser inspector:  forceMultiAddUsingLVM forceListViewManager   These are data-aura-class attributes when rendered.  I'm looking for directions here. Thanks in advance.


Why they write the word 'Call' as /kɑːl/ () And some others, they write it like /kɔl/ () So, are they the same in American English?

I learned /ɑ/ and /ɔ/ represent two different vowels.   However,recently I read a book, the American writer said she didn't differentiate between /ɑ/ or /ɔ/. She used only /ɑ/ for everything so I think dog, door,caught, cot, core, car must be /ɑ/.  It's easier for me to just say that everything represents /ɑ/. Though, I learn new words with /ɑ/ or /ɔ/ from reading,can I pronounce them with only /ɑ/?


I recently started learning Java in college and I have been working for hours on a solution to a problem. I ran into a problem while trying to convert integers that are randomly generated using java.util.Random and convert them into characters using an ASCII table. These two things are required for the assignment as well. The end goal is salting a password so I've been trying to get these integers to stay as characters so that I can add them together so that I can then add that onto a provided password. The issue is I've tried multiple things such as casting in every instance such as when I'm printing, casting before the number generator, and casting the variables set with the number generator. Some examples of what I've tried are: // The seed is gotten through user input earlier. Random rand = new Random(seed);  // This is how we were taught to do ranges when generating numbers // 122 is the max in the range and 65 is the lowest // Basically it is narrowing it down to capital A and lower case z for the ASCII range char saltExample = (char)(rand.nextInt(122 - 65 + 1) + 65);  char saltExample2 = (char)(rand.nextInt(122 - 65 + 1) + 65);  System.out.println(saltExample); System.out.println(saltExample + saltExample2);  The first print actually outputs a character. When given the seed 5 it outputs L, but the second print outputs a number which I assume is the two integers generated together. It outputs 181, in case you were wondering. For the assignment I'm supposed to generate 5 characters for the salt, yet I cannot even get two together. My main question is how can I convert integers to characters that I can actually add together into a string using an ASCII table? Also any other feedback is much appreciated. If anyone is curious as to what I am looking at for the ASCII table this is what my professor provided:  I am planning on going to bed soon as it is late while I am writing this and I have class in the morning, so if I get any responses that is most likely why I haven't replied. Thanks in advance for any help received!

How do you concatenate characters in java? Concatenating strings would only require a + between the strings, but concatenating chars using + will change the value of the char into ascii and hence giving a numerical output. I want to do System.out.println(char1+char2+char3... and create a String word like this.  I could do   System.out.print(char1); System.out.print(char2); System.out.print(char3);   But, this will only get me the characters in 1 line. I need it as a string. Any help would be appreciated.  Thanks


Is $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n\sin n}$$ convergent or not?

I'm confused how this series :$$\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac1{n\sin n}$$ is a convergent series as wolfram show  and it's not harmonic series in the same time .  My question here is:  Why this :$$\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac1{n\sin n}$$ is not harmonic series and is convergent ?


My Minecraft looks like this its supposed to be black and red carpet how do i  fix this i tried F4 and Fn but it just turns my computer screen off i also tried the 3d settings but it was already off,Restarting also isnt working.This is on 1.12.2 and its everywhere on my singleplayer and on my multi

I am playing Minecraft 1.12 but today the in-game textures look much lower quality than usual. I don't have any of the super secret settings turned on, and I'm unsure how to fix this and get the normal textures back.


So I'd like to enable screen auto-rotation for YouTube and Chrome, but not for other anything else. How do I do this?  I use a Galaxy S5.

I find auto-rotate really annoying so I generally have it turned off.    Unfortunately, when I'm playing a YouTube video, it's equally annoying when I try to tilt the screen and then remember I have it turned off  :)   I would like a way to have auto-rotate working as usual when a YouTube video is playing, otherwise disabled.    Is that possible? I would like it all handled automatically, I'm not really interested in apps or widgets where I have to toggle a setting manually.  P.S. My phone is a Galaxy Nexus.


In the following MWE example:  \documentclass{article} \newenvironment{myitem}{\item}{}%  \begin{document} \begin{enumerate}   \begin{myitem}     Item \hfill\textbf{(Text)}   \end{myitem}    \begin{myitem}     Item \hfill{\textbf{(Text)}}   \end{myitem}    \item Item \hfill{\textbf{(Text)}}    \item Item \hfill{\textbf{(Text)}} \end{enumerate} \end{document}   The output looks like this   Notice that for my environment myitem, the spacing is not quite right. I can fix this by requiring the user of myitem to add % right after \end{myitem}.  Why is the environment behaving differently from the the command \item? Also, is there a way to change the definition of myitem so that adding % is not needed?

This is a follow-up question to , but I am afraid it is of a different nature now. The accepted answer seems to put unwanted spaces after the custom-defined environments. I am not sure how to remove them and what is causing them exactly. Apologies if this question is a bit vague as I absolutely have no idea.  Here is a MWE.  \documentclass[a4paper,leqno]{amsart} \usepackage{amsmath, xparse,xspace} \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}  \makeatletter \newcommand{\eqnum}{\textup{\tagform@{\theequation}}} \makeatother  %%%%% \ExplSyntaxOn  \NewDocumentEnvironment{aligncol}{m+b}{\guissmo_aligncol:nn {#1} {#2}}{} \NewDocumentEnvironment{aligncola}{m+b}{\guissmo_aligncol:nn {#1} {#2}}{a}  \seq_new:N \l__guissmo_aligncol_in_seq \seq_new:N \l__guissmo_aligncol_out_seq \seq_new:N \l__guissmo_aligncol_temp_seq \int_new:N \l__guissmo_aligncol_rows_int  \cs_new_protected:Nn\guissmo_aligncol:nn { %storetherowsinthesequence \seq_set_split:Nnn\l__guissmo_aligncol_in_seq{\\}{#2} \int_compare:nF{\int_mod:nn{\seq_count:N\l__guissmo_aligncol_in_seq}{#1}=0} {%numberofrowsnotamultipleof#1,addemptyentries \prg_replicate:nn{#1-\int_mod:nn{\seq_count:N\l__guissmo_aligncol_in_seq}{#1}} { \seq_put_right:Nn\l__guissmo_aligncol_in_seq{} } } \seq_clear:N\l__guissmo_aligncol_out_seq \int_set:Nn\l__guissmo_aligncol_rows_int {\int_div_truncate:nn{\seq_count:N\l__guissmo_aligncol_in_seq}{#1}} \int_step_inline:nn{\l__guissmo_aligncol_rows_int} {%clearthetemporarysequence \seq_clear:N\l__guissmo_aligncol_temp_seq \int_step_inline:nnn{0}{#1-1} { \seq_put_right:Nx\l__guissmo_aligncol_temp_seq { \seq_item:Nn\l__guissmo_aligncol_in_seq {##1+\l__guissmo_aligncol_rows_int*####1} } } \seq_put_right:Nx\l__guissmo_aligncol_out_seq { \seq_use:Nn\l__guissmo_aligncol_temp_seq{&} } } %now\l__guissmo_aligncol_out_seqcontainsthenewrows \begin{equation}\eqnum \begin{minipage}{0.9\textwidth} \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{0pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{0pt} \setlength{\abovedisplayshortskip}{0pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayshortskip}{0pt} \setbox0=\hbox{T}%tallestletterofthefirstlineofotherminipage \vskip-\ht0 \begin{align*} \seq_use:Nn\l__guissmo_aligncol_out_seq{\\} \end{align*} \end{minipage} \end{equation} } \ExplSyntaxOff  \begin{document}  Hello! \begin{aligncol}{1} a &= a \end{aligncol} This has an extra space at the beginning. I don't want it. \\ This does not not. \begin{aligncol}{1} a &= a \end{aligncol}This does NOT have an extra space, but the code is ugly. \\ This one does NOT have extra space too! \begin{aligncola}{1} a &= a \end{aligncola} It seems that the space comes after the environment definition. \\ Is it the indeed case?  \end{document}   Here is a screenshot of the output.


Is it ok to leave the parameters unused? I'm trying to run the function like this:  void encoder(); void encoder(int argc, FILE* inputFP, FILE* outputFP);   Is there a need for a second function, one for dealing with stdio and one for dealing with files? When I try to run void encoder(int argc, FILE* inputFP, FILE* outputFP); without any arguments I get errors:   error: too few arguments to function â€˜void encoder(int, FILE*, FILE*)â€™          encoder();```

Is there any way to achieve function overloading in C? I am looking at simple functions to be overloaded like    foo (int a)   foo (char b)   foo (float c , int d)   I think there is no straight forward way; I'm looking for workarounds if any exist.


I'm trying to sort a dataset by field StartTime (datatype date, indicates when a technician is supposed to start a visit). I am including a SQL where_clause to avoid an earlier problem when it complained it couldn't compare a date to a NULL value.  for Technician in TechList:     insertFields = ["StartTime", "AssignedTech", "VisitOrder"]     sql = """"StartTime" IS NOT NULL"""     print sql     counter = 1     with sorted(arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(fcStops, insertFields, sql)) as cursor:         for row in cursor:             if row[1] == Technician:                 row[2] = counter                 cursor.updateRow(row)                 counter += 1   The problem is in the sorted (an idea I got from the , Example 5). If I take that out, it runs but of course is all out of order.  How can I sort the UpdateCursor so that I'm assigning VisitOrder the correct ordered value -- or is there another way ensure that the first visit gets 1, second 2, etc.?

I have an ArcPy Data Access update cursor that I would like to sort before making updates to it.   The cursor makes updates if I don't sort, but if I add a sort to the cursor I get an error, "iteration not started."  The sort is working correctly but it must be busting the cursor for some reason.  Is it not possible to sort an update cursor like a search cursor? Does it change the type or something?       idList = ['100100', '100200', '100300', '200100']     count = 0     with arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(newFC, ("SHAPE@X", "SHAPE@Y", "Label")) as addLabelCursor:                     for row in sorted(addLabelCursor, key=itemgetter(0), reverse = True):              print idList[count]             row[2] = str(idList[count])             addLabelCursor.updateRow(row)             count += 1


I am doing a research and I need to determine the effect of adapting to climate change on farm productivity and income. My methodology is to compare the productivity and net farm income of farms that adapt to climate change with farms that do not adapt. What I did was from 37 respondents that adapts to CC and from 23 respondents that do not adapt, I randomly selected 5 respondents from each category with almost the same farm characteristics (farm size and tenure status). I want to test if the mean difference in productivity and income between farms that adapt and farms that do not is statistically significant. I am going to use a t-test. My question is, is it okay if my sample size is just 5 from each category(farms with adaptation and farms without)?

I'm currently working on a quasi-experimental research paper. I only have a sample size of 15 due to low population within the chosen area and that only 15 fit my criteria. Is 15 the minimum sample size to compute for t-test and F-test? If so, where can I get an article or book to support this small sample size?  This paper was already defended last Monday and one of the panel asked to have a supporting reference because my sample size is too low.   He said it should've been at least 40 respondents.


Proof: If $a\equiv b\pmod{n}$, then $n$ divides $a-b$. So $a-b=ni$ for some integer $i$. Then, $b=ni-a$. Since $\gcd(a,n)$ divides both $a$ and $n$, it also divides $b$. Similarly, $a=ni+b$, and since $\gcd(b,n)$ divides both $b$ and $n$, it also divides $a$.  Since $\gcd(a,n)$ is a divisor of both $b$ and $n$, we know $\gcd(a,n)\leq\gcd(b,n)$. Similarly, since $\gcd(b,n)$ is a divisor of both $a$ and $n$, we know $\gcd(b,n)\leq\gcd(a,n)$. Therefore, $\gcd(a,n)=\gcd(b,n)$.  Thanks for helping me through this one!

My problem is how to somehow relate the the gcd and congruence. I know that $(a,b) = ax + by$. I also know that $a \equiv b \pmod n$ means $n\mid a-b$. Any hints?  Thanks!


I had dual booted my Dell Inspiron 5577 (NVIDIA Geforce 1050) i5 Laptop with Windows 10 as Ubuntu 18.04. But it appears that there is no option to change brightness in the options from settings of top right corner of screen.    Function keys for changing brightness (F11 & F12) are not working (other function keys are working fine.)  Also I tried to install third party software for changing the brightness, but they didn't work.  Also tried to make changes in /etc/default/grub from:  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"     to:  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset acpi_backlight=vendor"   and this too:  Option     "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"   But this didn't work either.  Also I tried writing a shell script and to add a user defined keyboard shortcut for adjusting the brightness, but this didn't work out for me either.  I have upgraded to Ubuntu 18.10 but none of the above solutions worked.  Details of current installed Ubuntu:    I don't know if it's relevant, but I tried NVIDIA Driver update and after completion and rebooting, my laptop didn't boot. So I had to again uninstall the NVIDIA Drivers update. So currently haven't upgraded the driver.  Does anyone have any solution?

My brightness control doesn't work with a fresh install of 12.10 (brand new laptop). It is set to the brightest setting when I boot up and when I try to change it, I see the notification bar come up but the brightness doesn't actually change. I've tried all the solutions I could find around the Internet but none of them work. Things I have tried include:     Editing /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness      In /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-brightness-control.conf: Option   "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"      In /etc/default/grub: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash   acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor"   There is no xorg.conf file in 12.10 that I have found, so the solutions that suggest editing that file don't do me a whole lot of good.  I am currently using the Nouveau driver, but switching to the Nvidia proprietary drivers made no difference.  Any other ideas? When is this bug going to be fixed? With all the reports I've come across I would think it would get a lot of attention. Thanks.


I would like to consult you on a weird situation in which I might have to take a trip to the Schengen area that fall on two consecutive visas I have.  I (Chinese passport holder, student in UK university) am planning to travel to Germany 20-23 June to attend a friend's wedding. As I already have a tourist Schengen visa that lasts (rather unfortunately) exactly until 20 June I had to get another visa for the rest of the days of the trip.   I submitted the application to the German Embassy in London through VFS with the indication on the application form that I am entering the Schengen area on 20th (with all the booked flights, accommodation etc.). When I received my passport I found that I was granted a new tourist Schengen visa indeed, but starting from 21th June instead of 20th. Can I, with the two consecutive visas, enter Germany on 20 June and stay through to the 23 June? Are there cases/regulations that you have heard of regarding such situation?

I currently have a valid multiple entry Schengen visa that expires on Feb 10th (issued by the Spanish consulate). I need to visit the Czech Republic from Feb 9th to Feb 15th. For this, I am getting a visa starting Feb 11th from the Czech consulate as I was advised that I cannot have two simultaneous visas.   Is it possible for me to enter Czech republic on the current visa on Feb 9th, and stay past its expiry up to Feb 15th using the new visa without leaving the Czech Republic? Will there be any likely problem either while entering or exiting Schengen zone (I am entering Schengen in Frankfurt)?