For $X$ a set and $A\subset X$ the sigma-algebra generated by $A$ is $$\sigma(A)=\bigcap\{\Sigma: \text{$\Sigma$ $\sigma$-algebra s.t. $A\subset\Sigma$}\}.$$ However why can' t we simply say $$\sigma(A)=\{\text{all countable unions and complements of elements of $A$}\}\cup \{\emptyset,X\}?$$  What would be a good counterexample?

My teacher gave me an example of performing the subject:     Example      Let $\Omega = \Bbb R$ and $\mathcal R = \{(-\infty,-1),(1,+\infty)\}$.   Then $\sigma(\mathcal R) = \{\emptyset, \Bbb R, (-\infty,-1),  (1,+\infty), [-1, \infty), (-\infty,1],  (-\infty,-1)\cup(1,+\infty),[-1,1]\}$.   There was a different example, where she also generated the smallest  $\sigma$-algebra for the family of sets $\mathcal A = \{A,B\} \subset 2^\Omega$ in the same way: $\sigma(\mathcal R) =  \{\emptyset, \Omega, A, B, A^C,B^C,A\cup B, (A\cup B)^C\}$.   I certainly understand why $\emptyset$, $\Omega $ and a family of sets itself are there, and I certainly know that $\sigma$-algebra is closed under the operations of complement and union. What I don't understand about the other elements of generated $\sigma$-algebras: why we are taking exactly them? Does this work in a general case?


I provided an answer to the following .  The user is asking me questions and needing additional help in troubleshooting.  I know if I provide enough comments eventually I will get a link telling me that I should invite a user to a chat session instead of creating a whole bunch of comments.  I know I will eventually get to that point on this question.  To save us both time, is there a way to open a chat session on a question/answer before that limit hit?

Question: For an answer on a stack exchange site with say 8 comments, how can I / is it possible to import the comments into a chat room? Background: I was helping with a  and made several comments before I saw the link to auto-import comments into a chat room.  This was awesome by the way!! Note that the person who asked the question left a link to the chat room in a comment. I wanted to make a similar chat room  because I edited an answer which wasn't mine and added a paragraph.  I wanted to chat with the answer's author @JonHopkins to say, 'hey feel free to remove my edit -- just wanted to add my $0.02' -- especially as the stack exchange engines said not to add an additional answer.  HOWEVER, there was no link to auto-import the comments -- probably because I hadn't previously left one, but I'm not sure. So I ask here, Stack Exchange Gurus, could a static link be added to auto-import a series of comments into a chat session?


I know this is kinda a hybrid issue, but I think the problem here lies mostly with Blender.  I've rendered a multi-layered EXR file of a character I did in Blender to color and adjust it further in Photoshop. Arms, legs, head and so on are all on separate layers for easier access.  But as you can see in this picture, there are very thin gaps between each layer of like 1 pixel. Sadly they are visible even from afar and make the image look ugly.    Is there a way in Blender to circumvent this? I know this is a very specific question, but maybe someone has an idea.

I'm having this issue for years now, and I'm not sure if I am doing something wrong on my end, or if what I would like to achieve - or expect to see - is even possible. My question is about compositing artifacts when using Blenders mask layers. Let me explain:    In the Blend file provided, there are two objects: Dragon A and B. Each of them is on a separate layer, rendered on a separate render layer, and masked with the other one. So A is masked out by B, and B is masked out by A. Like this:  scene setup    RenderLayers A and B    When I render, I write out two MultiLayer EXRs with 16bit depth. That Stuff, I feed into the following comp:    and it gives me this:    You can clearly see the white lines around the areas where the dragons mask each other.  If I comp in a weird fashion like this:    I get this:    It's not perfect, but still a lot better than the first one. What I am doing is kind of cutting off the bright alpha values, making a 0.75 alpha value equal 1.  My question is: Why do I see the white background shine through after all? Is it something which is fundamentally unchangeable and we have to live with? Am I doing something wrong on my side? Do you have an alternative solution?  Edit  The solution Ray Mairlot came up with solves the issue by only masking one of the two, the other one would exist un-masked underneath, and thus provides a perfect overlay. However, I'd like to still mask one against the other for specific reasons: I'm sending images to a web application, which layers them dynamically (a configurator in essence). There can be 30 or more image layers, each of them needs to be downloaded by the website visitor. If I could mask one part against the other, the individual file size would be smaller. Not really a necessary reason, but that's why the idea came up. The other reason is, if I mask the layers, the individual layers render faster. This can save me some 30% of the render time per configurator (which renders on average for 12 hours).


I've gotten my union statement to work the way I want it, but I cant seem to get it to order the 2 tables without erroring out.  $query = mysql_query("SELECT userid_2 FROM messages  WHERE userid_1='$dbid' UNION SELECT userid_1 FROM messages WHERE userid_2='$dbid'");   and I'm trying to incorporate ORDER BY date into it but it doesn't seem to work.

How can one programmatically sort a union query when pulling data from two tables? For example,  SELECT table1.field1 FROM table1 ORDER BY table1.field1 UNION SELECT table2.field1 FROM table2 ORDER BY table2.field1   Throws an exception  Note: this is being attempted on MS Access Jet database engine


I wonder why there is a site for single cryptocurrencies (e.g.  and ).  In my opinion it would be more helpful to have a single StackExchange site like cryptocurrency.stackexchange.com with different tags for different cryptocurrencies (e.g. Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, etc.)    Current state  Let's take programming languages as an example. When using the same structure as currently used for cryptocurrencies we would have a single stackexchange site for each programming language (e.g. java.stackexchange.com, python.stackexchange.com) but instead we have a single site  where all programming questions are asked with different tags for different languages.  New cryptocurrency/programming language  For new languages we only need a new tag and users can start asking questions for this specific programming languages. For cryptocurrencies instead you need to wait for a new stackexchange site, which may, for small cryptocurrencies, never appear. If there was a single site for all cryptocurrencies though, you could just ask that questions under a new tag.  General questions  And what about questions regarding cryptocurrencies (or programming) in general? On Stackoverflow we can simply ask those questions by not using language- but topic-specific tags. For cryptocurrencies you would ?probably? have to post them under  using the crypocurreny tag, which is, in my opinion, weird and not good structured, also because there are a lot of different topics regarding cryptocurrencies which currently can't be differentiated because there is only one tag cryptocurreny available.

I am talking about the cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies. We have pending proposals   - commitment phase with 51% commitment.  for discussing about Blockchain technology in all its aspects, not focusing on one specific implementation, abstracting more to achieve better comprehension    - Failed in private beta.  for developers, educators, and users of the next-generation blockchain, NEO.    - Deleted  for anyone interested in VeriBlock tokens, blockchain security, or new altchain security techologies.    - Deleted  for newcomers; enthusiasts; experts; developers; mathematicians; cryptographers; professors; students; administrators; engineers Blockchain can be used everywhere, we use it in combination with gaming. We focus on blockchain technology    - commitment phase with 22% commitment.  Proposed Q&A site for developers and users of Decred: an open, decentralized, self-funding, stakeholder-driven, autonomous digital currency using blockchain technology    The sites launched   - Graduated  for Ethereum, the crypto value and blockchain-based consensus network.    Public beta  for developers and users of the secure, private and untraceable cryptocurrency Monero    Public beta  for Bitcoin crypto-currency enthusiasts.    Public Beta  for Iota, the open-source cryptocurrency for IoT that does not use a blockchain.    Public Beta  Beta Q&A site for developers and users of Stellar and the Stellar Distributed Exchange.    The question We have these many sites and proposals and most of them are in the commit phase. Only a slight modification on an existing site is required to make others on-topic for it. If all of these sites are merged together, the resulting site will be very helpful for future visitors and other participants too. Update A new proposal   for technology discussion about blockchain and dapps


My answer though got accepted has got only half of the initially offered bounty    The asker didnt accept the answer before the bounty ended so I got only half of the bounty. But it was told that I would get the other half after the user has accepted the bounty but in this case Its just half of the bounty.. Can anyone tell why?  related links:       saw this section: *What happens if I feel my question is still unanswered?  What is automatic awarding?*

It's possible to offer and award bounties of reputation on questions.   What is a bounty? How can I find questions that have a bounty attached? How do I start a bounty? When can I start a bounty? Why is the system requiring me to choose a bounty amount that's higher than the minimum? Can I use Markdown formatting in the bounty remarks? Can I edit the remark? How long is the bounty period? How do I award a bounty? Can I award a bounty to my own answer? Can I award a bounty to an old answer? If I offer a bounty on someone else's question, can I award the bounty to their answer? After awarding the bounty, can I remove it or move it to another answer at a later time? What happens if there's no answer after the bounty period? What happens if I feel my question is still unanswered? What is automatic awarding? Are bounty awards exempt from the 200 points/day reputation limit? How does Community Wiki mode affect bounties? How does user deletion or post dissociation affect bounties? Can I award a bounty to an answer from a deleted user or one where the author was dissociated? Can I offer a second bounty after the first one has expired? Can I raise my bounty? What happens if a bounty question is closed or deleted? Why can't I vote to close or migrate a bounty question? What happens if I delete my account while I have an active bounty? Do I keep an awarded bounty when I delete my answer? What happens if a question where I awarded a bounty later gets deleted or migrated? Can I cancel my bounty? Can I affect / divide / share part of my bounty to two (or more) users? How many outstanding bounties can a single user have?      See also:  in the Help Center


It is a requirement of the journal I'm submitting to that inline math be formatted as $x\!=\!3$, i.e. that we insert a thin negative space around operators.   Is there a way that I can set this document-wide, so that I don't have to go over my 30-page manuscript line-by-line?  Let me emphasize that in principle, I want to be able to edit the spacing for inline math only.

LaTeX commands like this:  Here again, four different simulations are run on networks of size  $C^{G} = 25 \times\ 25 = 625$, $C^{G} = 50 \times\ 50 = 2500$, $C^{G} = 250 \times\ 250 = 62500$, and $C^{G} = 500 \times\ 500 = 250000$...   When compiled generate the following:    The spacing in math mode really irritates me. There's too much white space around the equal sign, and the multiplication sign has more right padding than left padding. Is there any way to reduce this spacing?


Let me first start by saying I have limited knowledge of VBScript, but have researched my problem thoroughly before submitting this question, apologies if I have missed anything.  I can launch an HTML file from VBScript located on a SMB server without problem using the following syntax:  Dim URL URL = Chr(34) & "\\Server\Folder\File.html" & Chr(34) CreateObject("WScript.Shell").Run URL   The problem lies in the fact that I need to pass a GET parameter through the URL. This would normally look like \\Server\Folder\File.html?parameter=value, but the following code fails to load the page displaying the error "The system cannot find the file specified".  Dim URL URL = Chr(34) & "\\Server\Folder\File.html?parameter=value" & Chr(34) CreateObject("WScript.Shell").Run URL   I've researched for ages and can't seem to find away that this will work with a local file using backslashes.  I'm open to suggestions of an alternative method but I am restricted to using VBScript and I need the default browser to be launched with the GET parameters passed via the URL and do not have the option to install a web server.  Thanks in advance for any input.

Is there a way to perform an HTTP GET request within a Visual Basic script?  I need to get the contents of the response from a particular URL for processing.


i have form two dropdown as:    <form id="redirect">   <select id="location">     <option value="bus">Bus</option>     <option value="station">Station</option>     <option value="office">Office</option>   </select>    <select id="goto">     <option value="home">Home</option>     <option value="city">Cty</option>   </select>      <input type="submit" value="submit"></input> </form>     How to use Javascript for submit redirect select dropdown as  if #location = Bus && #goto = Home => Click submit redirect =>>google.com  if #location = Bus && #goto = Cty => Click submit redirect =>>facebook.com  match for other #location as  if #location = Station && #goto = Home => Click submit redirect =>>url1.com  if #location = Cty && #goto = Cty => Click submit redirect =>>url2.com  Thank you so much!

How can I redirect the user from one page to another using jQuery or pure JavaScript?


Photons are considered mass-less particle with a specific velocity but according to the electromagnetic theory, a photon is considered to have both energy and momentum. So what happen when they are emitted, do they accelerate to reach the speed of light or is it somehow instantaneous?

Photons travel at the fastest speed in our universe, the speed of light.  Do photons have acceleration?


I have a big json(more than 1 GB) object which looks like below (the real object looks very complicated, which has many levels (around 700 fields, and i want only about 100 fields), i have a json schema for boot initial and final json result (if this could help) { "a" : "va", "b" : "vb", "c" : "vc", "d" : "vd", "d2" : {    "dd1": "ddv1",    "dd2": "ddv2" }, [  {  "e": "ve",  "f": {        "ff1": "vvf1",        "ff2": "vvf2",        "ff3":{                "fff1":"vvfff1",                "fff2":"vvfff2",                "fff3":"vvfff3",                "fff4":"vvfff4"              }      }   },  {  "e": "ve2",  "f": {        "ff1": "vvf12",        "ff2": "vvf2",        "ff3":{                "fff1":"vvfff12",                "fff2":"vvfff22",                "fff3":"vvfff32",                "fff4":"vvfff42"              }      }   } ] }  And i want to get for example just these fields and ignore others, using java but i didn't find an apropriate solution {  "a" : "va",  "d" : "vd",  [   {   "e": "ve",   "f": {         "ff1": "vvf1",         "ff3":{                 "fff3":"vvfff3",                 "fff4":"vvfff4"               }       }    },   {   "e": "ve2",   "f": {         "ff1": "vvf12",         "ff3":{                 "fff3":"vvfff32",                 "fff4":"vvfff42"               }       }    }  ] }  Thanks


There are other posts mentioning involuntary keyboard layout change, but none talks about reseting all the user defined key sequences to change those layouts.  The problem: Very often now - the keyboard language key sequences I manually configured (my CTRL + number settings) keep being reset to None.  Does not seem to have anything to do with accidentally pressing the key sequence to cycle between languages - CTRL + SHIFT (which by the way does seem to happen anyway. Like mentioned in other posts, some programs, like Visual Studio, may have shortcuts using ALT + SHIFT - the default key sequence for keyboard layout change windows uses - but I on purpose changed it to something else, to avoid such problem).    How do I fix this ?

I have 3 different keyboard layouts set up on my laptop and use Ctrl+Shift+[1-3] key combination to switch between them.  Like that:    However, after locking and unlocking Windows (with a password), these hotkeys don't work anymore and key sequence is rolled back to (None):    Signing out from Windows or rebooting the laptop sets everything back to normal, until lock/unlock again.  I think this behaviour is related to the usage of the same hotkeys in File Explorer - to switch view (Extra large icons/Large icons/Medium icons accordingly). After the lock/unlock switch view starts working again.  Seems like File Explorer overrides language bar hotkeys after the unlocking.  How can I disable this functionality? Completely disabling Ctrl+Shift+number functionality in File Explorer will do, however I can't find anywhere on the internet how to do it.  Any ideas or help appreciated!


I ran into this issue while trying to submit this question on travel.stackexchange.com:  I was able to publish it by viewing the HTML content on the button and getting rid of the disable property on the button. Otherwise I could not publish the question. I tried again to just do a test and the same thing happens. I ask a question, add the tags and the system tells me to review my question and says "Your question is ready to publish!" yet the button to submit is disabled. I'm on the latest version of Google Chrome:  It does not happen to this site, but it happens on travel.stackexchange.com.

I've noticed this twice in the last ~2 weeks or so. The "post your question" button can remain disabled for some reason even when your question is shown as "ready to publish". I.e., you've gotten to the "review" page after the initial edit. If I remember correctly, one case was on Stack Overflow, and the other was on . I'm not sure what exact scenario leads up to this. I haven't paid attention to the button until the last step when I'm ready to click it. The workaround has been to reload the page. (I copied my content for safe-keeping first.) This works, and the button then shows up as active. Afterwards, however, on both occasions, it forced me through the "are you a human" verification.  Update - this question itself did not exhibit this, nor did it do the .  Update - I'm using Chrome on Windows and am not sure what version it was when this happened.  It has  installed, but there aren't any scripts for any Stack Exchange sites.  It has  installed.  The virus scanner on the PC I probably was using was


I have a problem with my Display datas from Mysql php page. My problem is when I want to display some hungarian specific chars like "á" or "é" they replaced with question marks. I set all of my tables and rows to utf8_hungarian_ci, and the entire table and rows to utf8_unicode_ci, but it doesn't work. A tried in my php code to set this "header(Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8)" at the beginning of my php code, but i haven't got any success with that. Can anybody help me? Thank you! Edit: The code that I trying to use:  <?php header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8'); function testfun() {   $con=mysqli_connect('blabla"); // Check connection if (mysqli_connect_errno()) { echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error(); }  $result = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM adatok");  echo "
";  $i = 0; while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {     if ($i == 0) {       $i++;       echo "
";       foreach ($row as $key => $value) {         echo "" . $key . "	";       }       echo "
";     }     echo "
";     foreach ($row as $value) {       echo "" . $value . "	";     }     echo "
"; } echo "
";  mysqli_close($con);   }    testfun();  ?>

I'm setting up a new server and want to support UTF-8 fully in my web application. I have tried this in the past on existing servers and always seem to end up having to fall back to ISO-8859-1.  Where exactly do I need to set the encoding/charsets? I'm aware that I need to configure Apache, MySQL, and PHP to do this — is there some standard checklist I can follow, or perhaps troubleshoot where the mismatches occur?  This is for a new Linux server, running MySQL 5, PHP, 5 and Apache 2.


Prove the relation $$\frac{1}{x} = \int^\infty_0 e^{-xt}\,  \text{d}t, \text{ for } x>0.$$ Use it to prove $$\int^\infty_0\frac{\sin(x)}{x}\, \text{d}x = \frac{\pi}{2}.$$  "Hint: Use appropriate double integrals as in calculus. When the double integrals are proper, the conditions for switching the order of integration are valid. Then take the limits." I'm assuming that's for the second part but I could be wrong.

A famous exercise which one encounters while doing Complex Analysis (Residue theory) is to prove that the given integral: $$\int\limits_0^\infty \frac{\sin x} x \,\mathrm  dx = \frac \pi 2$$ Well, can anyone prove this without using Residue theory?  I actually thought of using the series representation of $\sin x$: $$\int\limits_0^\infty \frac{\sin x} x \, dx = \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \int\limits_0^n \frac{1}{t} \left( t - \frac{t^3}{3!} + \frac{t^5}{5!} + \cdots \right) \,\mathrm  dt$$ but I don't see how $\pi$ comes here, since we need the answer to be equal to $\dfrac{\pi}{2}$.


I have several images like the image below which have very simple LaTeX in them. I am trying to change those images into an actual LaTeX code. Is there any package which does that?

I know that hardly any information is passed to the PDF when a .tex file is compiled.  But is there a tool that can convert a PDF document back to (La)TeX?


This seems relatively simple, since the lowest common multiple of the length of the disjoint cycles must be the order of the permutation. Writing this I got: $$(5)(1)(1)$$ Is the only cycle in $S_7$ whose lowest common multiple that I could find. The number of ways to write this are $\frac{7!}{5}$, but my book is instead doing this: $$\frac{7!}{2!\cdot 5}$$ Why is this the right answer for the combinations? And why dividing by $2!$? It seems arbitrary to me, could anyone englighten me on this?

$(1)$ How many elements of order $5$ are in $S_7$(symmetric group)?  $(2)$ How many odd permutation of order $4$ does $S_4$ have?  $(3)$ If $\beta \in S_7$ and $\beta^4=(2143567)$ then find $\beta$   Give me some hints for these three questions.please help me. Thanks in advance.


It seems there's only  where users can enable it. Is there a way to bypass this for only a certain plugin?  So I can move this to either to my plugin options or enable it by default (only for my plugin of course)

There is an opt-in filter that allows all plugins on my site to receive automatic updates:  add_filter( 'auto_update_plugin', '__return_true' );  I like this feature, but I don't want all my plugins to be updated automatically. How can I allow some plugins to be updated automatically, while excluding those I want to do manually?


When plugging a USB external hard drive encrypted with VeryCrypt, VeraCrypt detects it and asks for the password (this is expected, and works well thanks to the Favorite Volumes > Mount selected volume when its host device gets connected feature!)...   ... but this message is also displayed: You need for format the disk...    The reason is obvious: the partition is unreadable for Windows, so Windows suggests to format it.  Is there a way to avoid this message on each USB connection of the encrypted external hard drive?

I've started using TrueCrypt to encrypt a partition on an external USB hard drive. I've opted for using a raw partition as opposed to a file container.  But here's the annoyance. Whenever I connect this drive to a computer running Vista or Windows 7, I get the message popup "You need to format the disk in drive J: before you can use it".   The default option is "Format disk", and I'm afraid one of these days I'll accidentally trigger it.  Is there any way to disable this message?


I am using DynDNS to do name resolution and would like to send emails to Hotmail and Gmail.  Gmail marks them as spam, while Hotmail just blocks everything.  How do I make Gmail and Hotmail know that my mail server is legit?  My DNS is as follows:  A companyName.com x.x.x.x  MX 10 companyName.com.   This is OK, right?  Thank you.

This is a  about how to handle email sent from your server being misclassified as spam.  For additional information you may find these similar questions helpful:                    Sometimes I want to send newsletters to my customers. The problem is, that some of the emails get caught as spam messages. Mostly by Outlook at the client (even in my own Outlook 2007).  Now I want to know what should be done to create "good" emails. I know about reverse lookup etc., but (for example), what about a unsubscribe link with an unique ID?  Does that increase a spam rating?


What I have:  alias killport='sudo kill -9 `sudo fuser -n tcp $1 2> /dev/null`'   Problem:  Running e.g. killport 8000 doesn't appear to work, though. However, simply running...  sudo kill -9 `sudo fuser -n tcp 8000 2> /dev/null`    ... DOES work. I can't figure out where I'm messing up.   The major difference between the working and non-working versions as far as I can see is that the aliased version involves a variable, and is executed by the shell for me.... But maybe someone has seen this kind of problem before and knows right where to look.

For bash script, I can use "$@" to access arguments. What's the equivalent when I use an alias?


In case of test -e for example:  VAR="<this is a file path: /path/to/file/or/dir" test -e $VAR && do_something || do_anotherthing   Question: Should I use "$VAR" here?, here I don't like verbose if not necessary, because $VAR obviously in this case is a path then if it's empty string it should always fail because there's no path that is empty string, then with my logic, double quote it is not necessary.  But it case of string test, test -n for exmpale:  VAR="<this is a string" test -n $VAR && do_something || do_anotherthing   then with my logic, $VAR should be put in double quote: "$VAR" because it can be expanded to an empty string that if not in double quote will be expanded to -n argument only and always true.  So the actual question because of that I'm in doubt of that should we only use double quotes in test command only with -n and -z against strings?

The old advice used to be to double-quote any expression involving a $VARIABLE, at least if one wanted it to be interpreted by the shell as one single item, otherwise, any spaces in the content of $VARIABLE would throw off the shell.  I understand, however, that in more recent versions of shells, double-quoting is no longer always needed (at least for the purpose described above).  For instance, in bash:  % FOO='bar baz' % [ $FOO = 'bar baz' ] && echo OK bash: [: too many arguments % [[ $FOO = 'bar baz' ]] && echo OK OK % touch 'bar baz' % ls $FOO ls: cannot access bar: No such file or directory ls: cannot access baz: No such file or directory   In zsh, on the other hand, the same three commands succeed.  Therefore, based on this experiment, it seems that, in bash, one can omit the double quotes inside [[ ... ]], but not inside [ ... ] nor in command-line arguments, whereas, in zsh, the double quotes may be omitted in all these cases.  But inferring general rules from anecdotal examples like the above is a chancy proposition.  It would be nice to see a summary of when double-quoting is necessary.  I'm primarily interested in zsh, bash, and /bin/sh.


Let $p=4k+1$ be a prime number such that $p=a^2+b^2$ , with $a$ an odd integer. Prove that the equation $$x^2-py^2=a$$ has at least a solution in $\mathbb{Z}$.  Only a little progress (maybe useless): for any prime divisor $q$ of $a$, we get $(\frac{q}{p})=1$ through Guass' quadratic reciprocity law, which suggests $(\frac{a}{p})=1$.

Let $p=4k+1$ be a prime number such that $p=a^2+b^2$, where $a$ is an odd integer.Prove that the equation $$x^2-py^2=a$$ has at least a solution in $\mathbb{Z}$.


Why do British and American English differ in this respect:  British     Southampton are eyeing up a ready-made replacement for Luke Shaw   American     Southampton is eyeing up a ready-made replacement for Luke Shaw   American sports journalism differs in their reference to teams. The American style is to treat the team as singular, whereas the British use plurals.  What are the rules in other variants of English (Aus, NZ etc.)?

I read the following sentence on YouTube and initially thought it was grammatically incorrect:     Here are 10 minutes of the movie Black Hawk Down!   I thought "are" should have been "is" but then I realized minutes is plural so the plural form, are, is used correctly. I also thought how most people would naturally say "Here is ten dollars in change" but is the use of the singular form, is, correct since dollars is plural?   Am I misunderstanding a rule?


Why can I align this button on html, you normally put a text-align: center a tat all. I don't know if I'm doing anything wrong or what.

Proteger para progresar

La condición humana está muy ligada al progreso. En mayor o menor medida, todos queremos progresar en aquellos ámbitos en los que nos centramos en nuestro día a día. Los padres quieren que sus hijos estudien y sean buenas personas para que les vaya bien en la vida.
 <button href="https://mediassegur.com/proteger-para-progresar" style="text-align:center;">Leer mas</button>
    Thx.

How can I horizontally center a
 within another
 using CSS?

Foo foo


The Problem:  Let $A$ be a $5 \times 5$ matrix with characteristic polynomial $(x-2)^3(x+1)^2$ and minimal polynomial $(x-2)^2(x+1)^2$. What are the possible Jordan forms for $A$.  My Approach:  There are many questions of this form here on StackExchange, but I seem to be encountering some contradictory interpretations when going through them all. So let me see if I understand what's going on...  Obviously (up to permuting the Jordan blocks), the Jordan form of $A$ is of the form \begin{pmatrix}     2  &  a_1  &  0  &  0  &  0 \\     0  &  2  &  a_2  &  0  &  0 \\     0  &  0  &  2  &  a_3  &  0 \\     0  &  0  &  0  &  -1 &  a_4 \\     0  &  0  &  0  &  0  &  -1 \end{pmatrix}  where $a_i \in \{0,1\}$, for $i = 1,2,3,4$. That is, it's simply a matter of determining precisely which $a_i$ are $0$ and which are $1$. I believe that, since the multiplicity of the root $x = 2$ in the minimal polynomial of $A$ is $2$, this means that the largest possible Jordan block associated with the eigenvalue 2 is $2 \times 2$; and so at least one of $a_1, a_2$ must be $1$. But must there necessarily be such a Jordan block? (Note that I interpret a "Jordan Block" to necessarily be a matrix with $1$s along the superdiagonal--I've seen it defined differently elsewhere.)  Similarly, since the root $x = -1$ has multiplicity 2 in the minimal polynomial, I take this to mean that the largest Jordan block associated with the eigenvalue $1$ is $2 \times 2$. (Again, must there necessarily be such a Jordan block?)  This means that a possible Jordan form of $A$ is \begin{pmatrix}     2  &  0  &  0  &  0  &  0 \\     0  &  2  &  1  &  0  &  0 \\     0  &  0  &  2  &  0  &  0 \\     0  &  0  &  0  &  -1 &  1 \\     0  &  0  &  0  &  0  &  -1  \end{pmatrix}  Now, I know that the Jordan form cannot be a diagonal matrix (as this is only true when the minimal polynomial is a product of 5 distinct linear factors); so we can't have $a_i = 0$, for each $i = 1, 2, 3, 4$. Moreover, we can't have $a_1 = 1$, for each $i = 1,2,3,4$, since there can be no Jordan blocks larger than $2 \times 2$. In fact, if we fix the diagonal entries as they appear above, it follows that $a_3 = 0$ and only one of $a_1, a_2$ can be 1.  Is there anything I can conclude?

I was supposed to find all possible Jordan canonical forms of a $5\times 5$ complex matrix with minimal polynomial $(x-2)^2(x-1)$ on a qualifying exam last semester.  I took the polynomial to mean that there were at least two 2's and one 1 on the main diagonal, and that the largest Jordan block with eigenvalue 2 is $2\times 2$ while the largest Jordan block with eigenvalue 1 is $1\times 1$.  Did I miss any matrices or interrupt the minimal polynomial incorrectly?  \begin{pmatrix}   2 &1  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &2  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &0  &2  &1  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &2  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &0  &1 \end{pmatrix}  \begin{pmatrix}   2 &1  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &2  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &0  &2  &0  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &2  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &0  &1 \end{pmatrix}  \begin{pmatrix}   2 &1  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &2  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &0  &2  &0  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &1  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &0  &1 \end{pmatrix}  \begin{pmatrix}   2 &1  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &2  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &0  &1  &0  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &1  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &0  &1 \end{pmatrix}  \begin{pmatrix}   2 &0  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &2  &0  &0  &0\\   0 &0  &1  &0  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &1  &0\\   0 &0  &0  &0  &1 \end{pmatrix}


So there's this website called Chocofur.com and the people behind it have created a custom node setup for cycles, that you can use to make basic shaders easily.   So I have downloaded their nodes from their website. The .zip file contained a .blend file which when opened only contained a single plane mesh with  a single material was assigned to it. Sure enough this "material" was simply all their custom nodes disconnected one after the other, some of them which you can see here:    Now the part where I actually make these nodes a part of Blender is where I get lost, how can I do this? I know it's something like making a group... but how do I use this feature?

I've found some neat combinations of nodes to create certain effects, so I'd like to make them a group and then have that node available on my list of available nodes, even when I reload the startup file. How would I do that?


So I have a bash script like this:  #!/bin/sh  FILE='some_file.js' gsed -i -E 's/something/somethingelse/' "$FILE" echo "Modified File"   When I run this from command line, it echoes the last line, so no errors or something and makes changes to the file. I then try to create an Applescript with these contents:  set msg to do shell script "/path/to/script.sh" display dialog msg   When I run it, it dutifully displays the dialog, but does not actually change the file some_file.js. How can this be possible?  Update: If I use sed -i "" -E 's/something/somethingelse/' "$FILE" instead, it works.

I have an Automator workflow and one of the actions is to clone a repository. Here's the code for the 'Run Shell Script' action. The command is run within the Bash shell /bin/bash if that matters:  SOURCEDIR="${3/\/Volumes/}"  cd "$2" REPOURL="bob@somedomain.com:$SOURCEDIR" WORKINGDIR="$1"  # Capture any errors with cloning process in log file git clone "$REPOURL" "$WORKINGDIR" &> ./log.txt  // For debugging echo "exit code: $?" echo "PPID: $PPID"  open .   Now the Automator App runs fine on my machine. The path to git on my machine (A Macbook Pro) is: /usr/bin/git (I believe I installed git on my machine through Xcode)  But on my co-worker's machine (Also a Mac Pro) the Automator App fails. In fact, the output of the log.txt file says: bash: git: command not found   Now on my co-worker's machine the path to git is: usr/local/git/bin, which, yes, is different because he installed git through the Google Git Installer for Mac OS X, but I didn't think it should matter because in the script the git command is not absolute path to the command and further more my co-worker can run git normally from a Bash script but when invoked directly from the Terminal.  So what gives? Why does the automator workflow work for me but not for my co-worker?  There must be something fundamental about Bash or Unix that I'm not understanding here but I'm lost.


i try to add new information to wp users but i find nothing , i'm also use wp_insert_user($args); to create new  users in wordpress . for a project i need to add company names to user profiles . the users access will filtered by user roles and companies name ... . i found this on the internet but didn't help me function custom_user_profile_fields($user){     ?>
Extra profile information

             Company Name	                              <input type="text" class="regular-text" name="company" value="<?php echo esc_attr( get_the_author_meta( 'company', $user->ID ) ); ?>" id="company" />
                 Where are you?

     <?php } add_action( 'show_user_profile', 'custom_user_profile_fields' ); add_action( 'edit_user_profile', 'custom_user_profile_fields' ); add_action( "user_new_form", "custom_user_profile_fields" );  function save_custom_user_profile_fields($user_id){     # again do this only if you can     if(!current_user_can('manage_options'))         return false;      # save my custom field     update_usermeta($user_id, 'company', $_POST['company']); } add_action('user_register', 'save_custom_user_profile_fields'); add_action('profile_update', 'save_custom_user_profile_fields');  is there any solution that do my problem ? anyone can help me please ?

I am working on a custom sign up proces where a user first fills in his name and email, then receives an activation e-mail and then the sign up proces continues.   The e-mail contains an activation link with a reference. I need to save this reference in my new user so if the user clicks on the link I can retrieve back the user data.   But for some reason I cannot add my user meta data by inserting the new user.  So first I have my form handling where I get the POST values. And If they are true I start this code:  $ref = md5( get_bloginfo( 'name' ) . $reg_email ); $activation_url = get_bloginfo( 'wpurl' ) . '/search-company?ref=' . $ref;  // Create user $random_password = wp_generate_password( 12, true, false ); $user_id = username_exists( $email ); $userdata = array(   'user_login'  => $email,   'user_pass'   => $random_password,   'user_email'  => $email,   'first_name'  => $first_name,   'last_name'   => $surname,   'role'            => 'author', ); wp_insert_user( $userdata ); add_user_meta( $userdata, 'verification_ref', $ref );   And then I send my e-mail by wp_mail() with the activation link, this works fine, but I only need to save the verification reference in the user meta of the user.


the location of the downloaded/installed programs and packages from software Center?

Can anyone tell me (if this is possible) how can I save the installer file of a software which I download via Ubuntu software center... I'm new to Ubuntu so give me answer that is understood by me.


I'm trying to pick 8 values from the list and assign them to variables. How to simplify it, make it more efficient.    I was not enough specific. I would like to pick 8  values from the beginning of the list, make operation, add it to result, then pick next 8 number from the list and so on until the end of the list  input_data = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24] index=0 for n in range(int(len(input_data)/8)):         v1=input_data[n+index]         x1=input_data[n+1+index]          y1=input_data[n+2+index]         z1=input_data[n+3+index]         v2=input_data[n+4+index]         x2=input_data[n+5+index]          y2=input_data[n+6+index]         z2=input_data[n+7+index]         index+=7         print(v1,x1,y1,z1,v2,x2,y2,z2)

I have a Python script which takes as input a list of integers, which I need to work with four integers at a time.  Unfortunately, I don't have control of the input, or I'd have it passed in as a list of four-element tuples.  Currently, I'm iterating over it this way: for i in range(0, len(ints), 4):     # dummy op for example code     foo += ints[i] * ints[i + 1] + ints[i + 2] * ints[i + 3]  It looks a lot like "C-think", though, which makes me suspect there's a more pythonic way of dealing with this situation.  The list is discarded after iterating, so it needn't be preserved.  Perhaps something like this would be better? while ints:     foo += ints[0] * ints[1] + ints[2] * ints[3]     ints[0:4] = []  Still doesn't quite "feel" right, though.  :-/ Related question:


$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{n(1+(x-n)^2)}$  The question has a few parts and the one im struggling with is checking for uniform convergence on $[0,\infty)$.  I've managed to show that this series  converges for any $x\in[0,\infty)$ and that the seriesconverges uniformly on every $[a,b]\subset[0,\infty)$. My intuition tells me that the series should be uniformly continuous, because even though it's terms are sometimes close to $\dfrac{1}{n}$ when $n$ is close to $x$, almost all terms are proportional to $\dfrac{1}{n^3}$.  I feel like I'm overlooking something obvious here. I would appreciate any hints.

Is $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n(1+(x-n)^2)}$$ uniformly convergent on $(0,+\infty)$? Sadly, Weierstrass' criterion nor Cauchy's condition don't seem to work here and I just ran out of ideas.


In case when user has deleted his answer the "modified" link on the main page  instead of to the deleted answer:        I think it should refers to the deleted post itself. Because users with 10k+ reputation can see deleted posts (and will be needed to scroll to the post), others will be redirected to the question in any case.  Seems that here is forgotten ?lastactivity suffix for such links.

I have just noticed that the "modified" link for  does not contain "?lastactivity" parameter in homepage questions list:        When , it's changing to https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/253359/list-of-communities-with-base-css-updates-completed/286876#286876 as it should, and showing the deleted answer to those who can see it.  Other questions I checked are not affected. Possible way to reproduce might be question with zero answers, where the "modified" was caused by a now-deleted answer.


As i need to use the footcite option i did a good part of googeling and found out that jurabib suports this just right away. I got everything to work but as it turns out the author name is turned around and as i am qouting from dictionaries as well it looks as ridicoulus as this:     Britannica, Encyclopedia   I managed to get rid auf the comma by applying what was recommended here:   which resulted in the code looking like that:  \usepackage{jurabib}  \jurabibsetup{     commabeforerest,     ibidem=strict,     citefull=first,     see,     titleformat={colonsep,all}, }  \renewcommand*{\jbauthorfont}{\textsc} \renewcommand*{\biblnfont}{\scshape\textbf} \renewcommand*{\bibfnfont}{\normalfont\textbf} %Only for removing the comma: \renewcommand\jbRevedFirstOnlyLast{\biblnfmt{\jbLast}}% \renewcommand\jbRevedFirstNoVonNoJr{\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ }\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst}}% \renewcommand\jbRevedFirstNoVonJr{\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ \jbJunior\ }\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst}}% \renewcommand\jbRevedFirstVonNoJr{\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ }\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst\space\jbVon}}% \renewcommand\jbRevedFirstVonJr{\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ \jbJunior\ }\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst\space\jbVon}}% \renewcommand\jbRevedNotFirstOnlyLast{\biblnfmt{\jbLast}}% \renewcommand\jbRevedNotFirstNoVonNoJr{\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst\space}\biblnfmt{\jbLast}}% \renewcommand\jbRevedNotFirstNoVonJr{\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst\space}\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ \jbJunior}}% \renewcommand\jbRevedNotFirstVonNoJr{\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst\space\jbVon~}\biblnfmt{\jbLast}}% \renewcommand\jbRevedNotFirstVonJr{\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst\space\jbVon~}\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ \jbJunior}}% \renewcommand\jbNotRevedOnlyLast{\biblnfmt{\jbLast}}% \renewcommand\jbNotRevedNoVonNoJr{\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ }\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst}}% <-- THE IMPORTANT CHANGE \renewcommand\jbNotRevedNoVonJr{\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ \jbJunior\ }\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst}}% \renewcommand\jbNotRevedVonNoJr{\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ }\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst\space\jbVon}}% \renewcommand\jbNotRevedVonJr{\biblnfmt{\jbLast\ \jbJunior\ }\bibfnfmt{\jbCheckedFirst\space\jbVon}}%   And the following reslut:     Britannica Encyclopedia   Does anybody know how to get the wished result?  It would look something like this:     Encyclopedia Britannica   \bibliography{literature/library} \bibliographystyle{jurabib}

I want to list a company name in the author field of a bibliographic entry:  @book{CUDA,   author    = {NVIDIA Corporation},   title     = {NVIDIA CUDA Compute Unified Device Architecture Programming Guide},   publisher = {NVIDIA Corporation},   year      = {2007} }   But the entry keeps showing up "N. Corporation".  Is there a way to get the full author name to show up?  I'm currently using the siam BibTEX style.


How do I install JRE without PPAs or anything but the tar.gz file I downloaded from:

I have downloaded tar.gz files. But I don't know how to install it. How do I install this kind of file?


What would be the right form of to be in the examples below?     Five miles [is/are] a long way to walk.        Preliminary results [is/are] better than no results at all.

Should I use is or are in this sentence?     100 apples are/is considered as a large number of apples.


How do turrets know who to target? For example if you hack a computer turn the turrets off can you turn them back on and have them fight for you, or if you hack a computer and the turrets are already deactivated can you reactivate them and have them used to defend yourself? The turrets are deadly to your companion and their power armor they tend to rush in and attack and it's quite annoying, Piper will always rush into the firing line of a turret and she is stubborn when you try and make her wait while you destroy the turret in a safe manner.

I remember in Fallout 3 and New Vegas that you could hack terminals controlling turrets to change a turret's targeting parameters (i.e. shoot your enemies and not you) but it seems that they've changed how things work in Fallout 4. I can run System Diagnostics and turn turrets off, but I don't know how to change the turret targets. I imagine it has something to do with the admin setting, but I don't know how to change that either.


I took the p&q value as 61 & 53 and n=3233 e=17 d=? How to find it? Plz help me...

When given $p = 5, q = 11, N = 55$ and $e = 17$, I'm trying to compute the RSA private key $d$.  I can calculate $\varphi(N) = 40$, but my lecturer then says to use the extended Euclidean algorithm to compute $d$. That's where I get stuck.    Here's my work so far:  First I use the Euclid algorithm to calculate:  40 = 2(17) + 6  17 = 2(6) + 5 6 = 1(5) + 1 = gcd   So I know the GCD is 1. Applying the 'extended' section of the algorithm:  6 = 40-2(17) 5 = 17-2(6) 1 = 6-1(5) 1 = 6-1(17-2(6)) 3(6) = 1 (17) 3(40 - 2(17)) - 1(17) 3(40) - 3(17)   I know the answer is $33$, but I have no idea how to get there using the extended Euclidean algorithm. I can't figure out why I'm getting $3(40) - 3(17)$ when I know the answer should contain $33$.


I accidentally interrupted the upgrade process and I am wondering how I could restore it.  I was upgrading from 16.04LTS to 18.04LTS using the graphical tool popped with /usr/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/check-new-release-gtk as suggested in .  I accidentally closed the terminal window and therefore killed the upgrade process at the moment where I got a message like "The packages will have to get updated and this would require many hours" or something similar (I don't exactly remember the message).  Running lsb_release shows that ubuntu has been upgraded, but obviously there were unfinished steps. Please note that the PC is working as usual.  :~$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description:    Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS Release:    18.04 Codename:   bionic  :~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade Hit:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease Hit:2 http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease                Hit:3 http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease        Hit:4 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease               Hit:5 http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease Reading package lists... Done                       Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done 1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it. Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages have been kept back:   php-curl 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.   Is there a way that I could manually continue the process and update the respective packages? Are there other steps to be completed?

Yesterday I was trying update my OS from 12.04 to 14.04.  This was done in my VirtualBox. I left the terminal open and continuing downloading during the night.  This morning when I came to my office, I saw the screen of my VirtualBox Ubuntu was deadlocked, I can't do any operation to it, it stays at some chromium interface I viewed last night.   So I forced restart it, and then I found I was enter into the interface of 14.04 . After I logged in, several error box popped out. But after I installed VirtualBox GuestAddtion package. No more error box popped out when I enter the GUI at the recently log-ins.  But I was still worried about if there may be some lethal bugs left when updating, at least it wasn't ended at an normal way.  So, is there a way that I can check if my update was complete?


I had Ubuntu 16.04 And now installed windows 10 and dual booted it , and now both Ubuntu and windows are running fine but windows is not detecting other disk drives

I have two questions on ext4:   Is there currently a way to mount an ext4 partition in Windows (XP/Vista/7) to get basic read support? If not, are there any plans to support this someday?


Please tell me where to find the autocomplete file so I can fill in my name and address, etc. so it will autofill on forms and websites.

How can I get a full list of saved auto-complete entries for a specific textbox name in ?  Pressing the ↓ key with the textbox focused, gives me 6 random entries.  Typing s gives me another 6 entries - this time beginning with s.  But how can I get the full list? It's for my own PC, so I have admin rights - nothing underhand going on.  It is, however, on a domain which I do not own.  I do use the Sign-in feature of Chrome, if that makes any difference.  The text box in question is:  <input type="search" class="inputbox" name="q">


There is a mashine called "BIE" visible in my network surrounding of my dolphin File manager (Ubuntu 14.10).  I cannot access that device in dolphin and also don't get an answer pinging it.  How can I find out the IP of that device to do an intense scan with nmap?

I have a list of hosts in the network providing shares via SAMBA. How can I determine either IP address or the host name of one particular host, e.g. the one with the name “SASAK02”.  The output of smbtree is as follows  WORKGROUP     \\SASAK02                    \\SAURA-PC1                  \\PC-VAN-DAMME


I have created a model in blender consisting of many cubes. Now instead of UV unwrapping every single cube, how can I UV unwrap all cubes together to one UV map?

I've built my first 3D model using 2.71.  It consists of several meshes including cylinders a cube and a plane and I've animated one of the parts.  I'm ready to use the UV/Image Editor to export a texture map.  I've expanded the 2nd view panel, switched to UV/Image Editor mode.  Returned to the 3d view panel and tried to select all of the parts using the A key, then typed U and chose Smart UV Project.  Only one part is unwrapping and I'm stuck.  How do I get all of my parts to unwrap?


The  says:     Spell Slots. You determine your available spell slots by adding together all your levels in the bard, cleric, druid, sorcerer, and wizard classes, and half your levels (rounded down) in the paladin and ranger classes. Use this total to determine your spell slots by consulting the Multiclass Spellcaster table.   Does this mean that a Eldritch Knight fighter 3/Arcane Trickster rogue 3 has 0 spell slots?  Both of these classes use the Wizard spell list, if that makes a difference.  I am not asking if multiclassed spellcasters share spell slots; I am asking based on the basic rules how they are calculated for these specific classes. Where do the rules address multiclass spellcasting involving the Eldritch Knight fighter or Arcane Trickster rogue?

Introduction  The eldritch knight fighter (EK) in my game is contemplating whether to dip into wizard (Wiz) for more magical versatility in combat.  Spell Slots  The  (PHB p.164/165) say:     You determine your available spell slots by adding together all your levels in the bard, cleric, druid, sorcerer, and wizard classes, half your levels (rounded down) in the paladin and ranger classes, and a third of your fighter or rogue levels (rounded down) if you have the Eldritch Knight or the Arcane Trickster archetypes. Use this total to determine your spell slots by consulting the Multiclass Spellcaster table.   So a EK6/Wiz5 would add up to a 7th level spellcaster (6/3 + 5). A snippet of the mentioned table shows:  \begin{array}{l} \text{level} & \text{1st} & \text{2nd} & \text{3rd} & \text{4th} & \text{5th} & \text{6th} & \text{7th} & \text{8th} & \text{9th} \\ \hline 1 & 2 & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - \\ 2 & 3 & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - \\ 3 & 4 & 2 & - & - & - & - & - & - & - \\ 4 & 4 & 3 & - & - & - & - & - & - & - \\ 5 & 4 & 3 & 2 & - & - & - & - & - & - \\ 6 & 4 & 3 & 3 & - & - & - & - & - & - \\ 7 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 1 & - & - & - & - & -  \end{array}  The table implies that the EK spell slots and the Wiz spell slots are simply one and the same pool of spell slots, but I didn't find an explicit mention of this. Or is this table only for the added class through multiclassing?  We’re both unsure of how to interpret this when it comes to expanding spell slots.  Question  Multiclass Spellcaster: do the classes have a shared pool of spell slots? If so, does it matter which class’ spells are cast when expending spell slots?  Our confusion comes from our inexperience with 5e and multiclassing - let alone spellcasters. Are we missing something, or are we just overthinking it?    Related (but without clear answer to this question):


I have run into some difficulty in understanding how poissonian rates are estimated from experimental data.  Consider the following scenario. I stand at the side of the road and start counting the number of cars driving past at time $t=0$. $N$ cars pass me by at times $T_{1}, T_{2}, ..., T_{N}$ where $T_{i} < T_{i+1}$. I stop counting the cars at time $T_{stop}$.  I see a number of different methods for estimating the poissonian rate for this situation:   I divide the total time spent acquiring the data by the number of counts: $\lambda = N/T_{stop}$ I consider the moment I count the first car as the "meaningful" start of this experiment and don't include the first car in the rate estimation: $\lambda = (N-1)/(T_{stop}-T_{1})$ Building on the assumption in 2., I consider the time the final car passes as the "meaningful" end time for the experiment: $\lambda = (N-2)/(T_{N}-T_{1})$   Whilst a poissonian process is memoryless (an argument for method 1.), I believe that time intervals between consecutive poissonian events should be  exponentially distributed. If this is the case, then isn't the definition of the time interval as $[0, T_{stop}]$ rather arbitrary? I don't think the intervals $T_{1}$ and $T_{stop}-T_{N}$ are exponential - they are completely defined by when I start and stop my stop watch, not by the process I am trying to measure.  What is the correct estimate for this process's arrival rate?

I have thought of three different approaches for estimating the mean for a Poisson, but I am not sure which one is the correct method to estimate it (the third one is documented separately at the end of the question).  For the sake of a concrete example, say that we want to find the Poisson distribution for the number of cars passing by in an hour (in front of our house or whatever).  Say that we want to estimate this by standing outside of hours house for $t$ hours and counting the number $n$ of cars we saw.  Then we could approximate the mean $\lambda$ as:  $$\lambda \approx \frac{n}{t}$$  where $\lambda$ is the mean number of cars that we see per hour.  That is first approach (which is the one I believe is the correct one).  (note: that I know the first one is easier to do in real life for the specific example, but I am not concerned with that, I am concerned with the mathematical correctness)  The second approach is the following approach.   Instead imagine that for some reason we are only allowed to record how long it takes us to see 1 single specific car. We record how long it took to see car i as $\tau_i$ (hours). Now we could estimate how many cars we see expect to see in 1 hour by doing:  $$ \lambda_i \approx \frac{1}{\tau_i}$$  [note that if $\tau_i < 1$, then we can have an mean value of seeing a car for an hour to be > 1]  So now, say that instead we choose to do this on independent days and we took k of these time periods $\tau_i$ and instead we estimated the "global" mean by doing a average of the means:  $$\lambda = \frac{1}{k}\sum^{k}_{i=1} \lambda_i = \frac{1}{k}\sum^{k}_{i=1} \frac{1}{\tau_i}$$  The second method might seem a little strange, but I was wondering if the two method where actually equivalent somehow, or if the second one was completely wrong and I why. The first one seems to be the correct one but I can't seem to "prove" to myself why my intuition says that.  [notice that the second method has an interesting property where we can instead of weighting all of them equally, we can do a weighted average to maybe insert the intuitive concept of which $\tau_i$ we trust more for our certain application. A little tangential to my original question, but an interesting thought...]    Bounty Section  I forgot to add this the first time I asked the question and thought it was important to add it now (since this was the reason my question came up in the first place!).  I have a different method for estimating the mean and was wondering if it was correct.  Instead of waiting outside for t minutes, what if you did the following.  You waited outside and recored how much time it took to see 1 car. Let $\tau_i$ be amount of time you waited to see the ith car. However, notice that after you see a car, you stop your stop-watch and later (maybe on another day), you restart your watch waiting to see the next occurrence of a single car (otherwise, if you you just stop your stop-watch and re-start it immediately, its just the same as the original MLE estimator I was asking about), and you obviously repeat this a but of times. In fact, assume you do this $n$ times (i.e. you see n cars and record how long it took to see each one). Then instead of doing my previous method of $\frac{1}{\tau_i}$, you instead try to do something similar to the first maximum likelihood method by doing the following:  $$\lambda \approx \frac{n}{t} = \frac{n}{\sum^{n}_{i=1} \tau_i}$$   where t is the total time it took you to see n cars. But this time these cars were seen by n independent "samples". It feels that this method might not be correct but I was not sure. Is there something about necessarily having the total time interval t happen in one consecutive time interval?


I just got my first Ubuntu server but it's so hard to work with terminal only.  How can I install a good GUI for Ubuntu Server? How can I connect it with my Ubuntu desktop ?

After installing Ubuntu server how do I install the desktop environment?


I'm newbie in Blender. For do practice I found technical part drawing. I need a bevel with 25mm radius. In the bevel menu there are options offset, width, depth and percent. I tried different options but I couldn't it properly.  How can I draw this bevel? The other question is I changed my units to mm. But in the bevel menu If I entered 25mm the result bevel is big so I entered 0.25mm. Is this a problem with unit conversion? Edit Simply I try to this  I just want to do this If it is possible

I'll preface this by saying I'm very new to Blender - I'm trying to put a bevel on an edge, looks something like this:    As you can see, the vertical side is much longer than the horizontal side.  When I apply to bevel to the edge there, the bevel stretches proportionally - so there's 'more' bevel on the longer side.  I want to bevel without any 'ratio' like that - just a 45-degree bevel, if that makes any sense.  Do I have to put in a loop cut to make the side lengths equal?  I tried using a sub-surf modifier, but it applies on a bunch of nearby edges, when I just want to round this one corner.


I  get the REST response data from a URL. I then write it to a JSON file, however, it's put it on one line in a long string, and I need to have it in readable format in the JSON file.  My code is:  require 'rubygems' require 'json' require 'rest-client'  class Rest    def self.getData      response = RestClient.get 'http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts'     response = JSON.parse(response)      File.open('/Users/robertreed/RubymineProjects/draft/posts.json', 'w') do |f|       f.write(response.to_json)     end        puts response      end    getData  end   It's printing to the console and writing to the JSON file on one line:  [{"userId"=>10, "id"=>100, "title"=>"at nam consequatur ea labore ea harum", "body"=>"cupiditate quo est a modi nesciunt}]   Any suggestions on how I could achieve this?

I would like my JSON output in Ruby on Rails to be "pretty" or nicely formatted.   Right now, I call to_json and my JSON is all on one line.  At times this can be difficult to see if there is a problem in the JSON output stream.  Is there way to configure to make my JSON "pretty" or nicely formatted in Rails?


2,5+4,5=7, right? I didn't understand why Excel is giving me a false value in this case.  I'm sorry my Excel is in Portuguese.


Does the sign of the vectors returned by PCA have any significance after I center my variables?

I performed principal component analysis (PCA) with R using two different functions (prcomp and princomp) and observed that the PCA scores differed in sign. How can it be?  Consider this:  set.seed(999) prcomp(data.frame(1:10,rnorm(10)))$x              PC1        PC2  [1,] -4.508620 -0.2567655  [2,] -3.373772 -1.1369417  [3,] -2.679669  1.0903445  [4,] -1.615837  0.7108631  [5,] -0.548879  0.3093389  [6,]  0.481756  0.1639112  [7,]  1.656178 -0.9952875  [8,]  2.560345 -0.2490548  [9,]  3.508442  0.1874520 [10,]  4.520055  0.1761397  set.seed(999) princomp(data.frame(1:10,rnorm(10)))$scores          Comp.1     Comp.2  [1,]  4.508620  0.2567655  [2,]  3.373772  1.1369417  [3,]  2.679669 -1.0903445  [4,]  1.615837 -0.7108631  [5,]  0.548879 -0.3093389  [6,] -0.481756 -0.1639112  [7,] -1.656178  0.9952875  [8,] -2.560345  0.2490548  [9,] -3.508442 -0.1874520 [10,] -4.520055 -0.1761397   Why do the signs (+/-) differ for the two analyses? If I was then using principal components PC1 and PC2 as predictors in a regression, i.e. lm(y ~ PC1 + PC2), this would completely change my understanding of the effect of the two variables on y depending on which method I used! How could I then say that PC1 has e.g. a positive effect on y and PC2 has e.g. a negative effect on y?    In addition: If the sign of PCA components is meaningless, is this true for factor analysis (FA) as well? Is it acceptable to flip (reverse) the sign of individual PCA/FA component scores (or of loadings, as a column of loading matrix)?


For the record, I dispute that this question is already answered elsewhere on SO.  I just upgraded from Windows 10 home to Windows 10 Pro purely because I have heard that it is only possible to prevent the dreaded forced reboot issue with home. I followed the first few steps in the solution given =>  and got to the following screen:    The instructions state "configure it as needed"... but it appears that the default is already what I need, i.e. download automatically but then wait for me to manually give permission to install (& reboot). So I just clicked "OK". The instructions go on to say that I should go to the advanced options part of windows update and I should see the words "Some settings are managed by your organisation" in red writing in the window. But I see no such thing. All I see is the following:    Did I do something wrong? Maybe in the most recent versions of pro my desired behaviour is the default? Maybe in the most recent versions Microsoft chose not to show the red writing any more?

So windows 10 has this annoying habit of downloading updates over WiFi connections not marked as metered connections.  I have to connect to a limited WiFi hotspot, and by the time I set the connection to metered, some updates had already started downloading. So I went to services.msc and stopped windows updater.   Now when I go to Settings->Update and Security->Windows Update, It says "Updates are ready to download". That is just fine, but when I click on "Details" of the updates, some updates still shows 'Downloading'. My bandwidth is not getting used up by this, but a process called "From Microsoft Download/Upload host" is constantly using high amounts of my CPU power, causing heating and battery drain.  How can I solve this problem? I believe totally cancelling all ongoing updates will solve this, but don't know how to do it.


I am developing a application where I want to restrict everything from anonymous users. If anyone tries to access any page from url directly they will be redirected to login page. How to do this?  Also I want show the login page in a completely separate page where there should be no menu or any other links, just the login form (like for example: google login page). What is the best way to do this.

When ever user comes to my website he should be greeted by a pop up or normal login page only. When he logs in whole website should open up to him. SO how do i do this ?


I was wondering what will be the drive name used after Z:?  I am planning to mount few virtual drives on my Windows machine and also have a plan to create few drives out of my existing 2TB HDD.  My question is what drive is chosen after Z: or will this not be allowed for me to create a device after Z:?

As we know, in Windows the partition location is prefixed with [a-z]:. What happens if there are more than 26 partitions?


I read it when I was a kid maybe 25 to 30 years ago. I remember details about how he built it, but not if he/they flew anywhere. Maybe it was built/stored in a cave at the beach??  I don't think it is "Welcome to Mars" or "Rocket Boys". I've google searched quite a bit. Any hints? Thanks

I'm talking about at least two juvenile sci-fi novels, read between second and fourth  public grades (U.S.A.) which for me places them around 1956-9.  The protagonists are a brother and sister, presumably my (then) age. They are friends  with a single man, a scientist who has built a rocket ship. The scientist is little fey,  physically; a (relatively) large, round head, balding, short in stature and striking long,  thin hands and fingers.  The rocket ship's final preparation is to slop a viscous, clear gloop over EVERYTHING, inside and out from a pail with a paintbrush. In flight, there is an encounter with the moon, and a very small planet with (non-threatening) inhabitants not physically unlike the fey rocket scientist. The planet orbits either the moon or the earth, not the sun, and strangely, some kind of mushroom(!) theme runs through the books. Really.  That's it. That's all I got (I was nine at the most, fer chrissake). My recollection tells me there was concealment from parents, a particular name for the planet and people  and flight through a spatial fog. I mention these things separately because I am less sure  of them than the previous two paragraphs. The author was blissfully unrepentant of the laws  of physics:  Earth gravity on a micro-planet, fog in space and super-gloop to ready the  ricketiest rocket. Worked for me.  I'm guessing even Richard, my previous mentor/savior might not be familiar with these.  Anybody? Author, titles? Or do you just recognize one of these?


If $f$ is a continuous function with $\displaystyle \int _{ 0 }^{ x}{  f(t)dt\rightarrow\infty }  $ as $|x|\rightarrow\infty$,then show that    every line      $y=mx$ intersects the curve $\displaystyle y^2+\int _{ 0 }^{ x }{  f(t)dt=2!}  $   I can't understand how to proceed with this problem.Any suggestion?

If $f$ is a continuous function with $\displaystyle \int_{0}^{x}f(t)dt\rightarrow \infty$ as $|x|\rightarrow \infty\;,$ Then show that every line $y=mx$ Intersect the curve $\displaystyle y^2+\int_{0}^{x}f(t)dt=2$  $\bf{My\; Try::}$ Put $y=mx$ in $$\displaystyle y^2+\int_{0}^{x}f(t)dt=2\;,$$ We get $$\displaystyle m^2x^2+y^2+\int_{0}^{x}f(t)dt=2.$$ We can write it as $$\displaystyle 2\int_{0}^{x}2m^2tdt+\int_{0}^{x}f(t)dt=2$$ So $$\displaystyle \int_{0}^{x}\left[2m^2t+f(t)\right]dt-2 =0$$ Now Let $$g(x) = \displaystyle \int_{0}^{x}\left[2m^2t+f(t)\right]dt-2.\;,$$ When $x\rightarrow \infty\;,$ Then $g(x)\rightarrow \infty.$ (Where $g(x)$ is an Continuous function.) Now I did not Understand How can i solve that, Help me Thanks


Is there any way to lock camera and mic in 18.04 so that apps cannot spy on us ?

I want to disable the internal Microphone on my laptop and the internal Webcam completely that they're no longer selectable, and no longer available?  I will only use my external Webcam, and my external (USB) headset.  The internal audio should still be available for playback.


Whenever I get out of my car and touch the door, I get shocked. This has made me be afraid of going anywhere because I don't want to get shocked.   I already tried the penny, and I got shocked through the penny. What is a really strong object I can buy or find where I can just touch it to the door of my car and it will absorb the entire shock? Penny doesn't absorb the entire shock.   I also am not interested in preventing shock, I don't want to install anything in my car and I don't want to change shoes or anything. I just want a big object that I can touch to my car door so that it will absorb the shock for me. Something that actually works, as a penny doesn't absorb the entire shock. Please help! Please eliminate my fear of driving.

sometimes I get "charged" and the next thing I touch something that conducts electricity such as a person, a car, a motal door, etc I get shocked by .  I'm trying to avoid this so if I suspect being "charged" I try to touch something that does not conduct electricity (such as a wooden table) as soon as possible, in the belief that this will "uncharge me".   Is it true that touching wood will uncharge you? How and when do I get charged? I noticed that it happens only in parts of the years, and after I get out of the car...


Q. Prove that a polynomial $f(x)$,with integer coefficients has no integral roots if $f(0)$ and $f(1)$ are both odd integers.  My attempt:  Let  $$f(x)=a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\dots+a_nx^n$$  now $f(0)=a_0$ which is an odd integer. and $f(1)=(a_0+a_1+a_2+\dots+a_n$) an odd integer.   Now, what is the strategy I need to imply to prove that $f(x)$ can't have integral roots.

Suppose $f(x) \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ is such that $f(0)$ and $f(1)$ are odd. How do I show that $f(x)$ has no integer roots?


If one googles backspace python stdin or so, there are a lot of SO results and none that solve my problem. They are all about what the backspace char is not how to get it.     Here's a function that reads a single keypress from stdin, courtesy :  def read_single_keypress():     import termios, fcntl, sys, os     fd = sys.stdin.fileno()     # save old state     flags_save = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)     attrs_save = termios.tcgetattr(fd)     # make raw - the way to do this comes from the termios(3) man page.     attrs = list(attrs_save) # copy the stored version to update     # iflag     attrs[0] &= ~(termios.IGNBRK | termios.BRKINT | termios.PARMRK                   | termios.ISTRIP | termios.INLCR | termios. IGNCR                   | termios.ICRNL | termios.IXON )     # oflag     attrs[1] &= ~termios.OPOST     # cflag     attrs[2] &= ~(termios.CSIZE | termios. PARENB)     attrs[2] |= termios.CS8     # lflag     attrs[3] &= ~(termios.ECHONL | termios.ECHO | termios.ICANON                   | termios.ISIG | termios.IEXTEN)     termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSANOW, attrs)     # turn off non-blocking     fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags_save & ~os.O_NONBLOCK)     # read a single keystroke     try:         ret = sys.stdin.read(1) # returns a single character     except KeyboardInterrupt:         ret = 0     finally:         # restore old state         termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSAFLUSH, attrs_save)         fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags_save)     return ret   Hacky as it is, it would appear to be cross-platform.  Implementing that is a utility function from :  def until(char) -> str:     """get chars of stdin until char is read"""     import sys     y = ""     sys.stdout.flush()     while True:         i = read_single_keypress()         _ = sys.stdout.write(i)         sys.stdout.flush()         if i == char or i == 0:             break         y += i     return y   Which works really well, except pressing backspace does nothing, and you can't move the cursor (which import readline; input() allows you to (at least on a Python built with GNU Readline)).  I understand the fact that the best way to implement both of these is probably curses. I also understand that curses defeats the standard-libraryness and cross-platformness of this module.  What I'm looking for is a way to read stdin in a way that will capture backspace, and, for a special bonus, DEL and preferably the arrow keys too.  The module targets Pythons both 2 and 3, but I'm okay with a solution that targets just Python 3, because people really need to stop using 2.    If you think I'm flaming mad for wanting to do this without curses, well, that's the point.

Is there a way of reading one single character from the user input? For instance, they press one key at the terminal and it is returned (sort of like getch()). I know there's a function in Windows for it, but I'd like something that is cross-platform.


As you can see here:  I have the thin gray dock in the bottom as well as the standard one on the right. How do I get rid of the one in the bottom? I was reading up on how to get an OSX like dock and I was trying to install gnome-dock (which might be the one already installed lol) and suddenly I noticed that the little gray one on the bottom had appeared. Thanks in advance

How do I disable "Workspace dock" (a bottom panel with the list of open windows and a workspace indicator-cum-switcher), the one that is over "Plank" in the screenshot below?    I'm using Ubuntu 17.10.


He only knew he was now married.  (COCA)   In the sentence alone, when there aren’t any other sayings, can you tell which ‘only’ intensify: (1) previous noun, ‘he,’ as in 'The bar is for members only()'; (2) its following words, ‘knew he was now married.’ Or do you have to defer your decision until you get further contextual information?

I only teach you.   I teach only you.   I teach you only.      I think that all the sentences have same meaning, but my teacher says that they are different from each other.  I think that the expressions are different but their meaning are same.  Can you help me understand the meaning of each sentence?


I have a set class shown below that extends to my setinterface class which just has some basic methods(add, remove, contains, etc). In my set class, i use HashSet library to create my type T parameters.   Using a Junit test on my setclass, i immediately run into a problem with my add method. I realized that my set add method doesn't at all add the object into my hashset when called upon.   So my question is how do i call on the add method in hashset in my set add method so i can add an object to my hashset?  When i run a debugger, it shows that 100 is not being added to my set object. My set object does not contain 100 and is still null.  public class Set<T> implements SetInterface<T>{      /*      * i used hashset library because one, it does not      * allow for duplicates, and 2 it allows my class to use      * iterator       */     private  HashSet<T> genericType;        public Set() {       }     public Set(HashSet<T> genericType) {         super();         this.genericType = genericType;      }     /**      * Add an item of type T to the interface  Duplicate items will not be      * added to the set.      * @param  itemToAdd - what to add.      */     @Override     public void add(T itemToAdd) {          genericType.add(itemToAdd);       }   heres my junit test if anyone wants to see it  public class SetTest {      @Test     public void testSet() {         fail("Not yet implemented");     }      @Test     public void testAdd() {         Set<Integer> test = new Set<Integer>();         test.add(100);          assertTrue(test.contains(100));     }

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


Let's see if I can explain myself properly, better with an image:   Nautlius example    I want to create a folder, and the pop up dialog appears. If by any reason I want to see the files behind, I can't move the small window, the main window of the app moves instead. I tried pressing Alt, Shift, Super Key or Ctrl + click and no results. I find it a very annoying feature of Gnome. For this example might seem silly, but for apps like QGIS with a lot of opening windows is very troubling.

I have Ubuntu 17.10 with GNOME 3.  What happens: I have (for example) LibreOffice Calc open, with some data columns in it.  I highlight the columns I want to chart, then I select INSERT > CHART.  The chart child window dialog pops up on top of my data, so I want to move it to the side.  When I grab the top bar and move it, the parent (spreadsheet) window minimizes (I think it actually disappears).  Continuing the above example, if I click FINISH on the chart window, I can then see the minimized spreadsheet application, which is the window title bar plus the menu bar just below it.  This seems like really odd behaviour and certainly falls under the category of "not being useful to the user", since the whole idea of moving the child window in the first place was just to be able to better see the spreadsheet!  In other applications, for example the PDF viewer, a slightly different problem occurs.  When I try to move the child window (for example the print dialog) the parent does not minimize but instead follows the child window around.  This is less surprising than having the parent disappear entirely but equally useless in terms of allowing the user to see the information present in the parent window.  Update 2017/11/06  Pomsky's answer below fixes the problem, but leaves me wondering why the window manager is making the decision that all child windows have modal behaviour (or don't), and not the applications themselves; and further, why modal behaviour prevents moving the child screen around when it obscures useful info on the parent screen.  Neither of these seem like good design to me...


I am migrating between servers and with the same code running the same query against one of my databases I get different results if the result data contains a unicode character. I'm moving from:  Red Hat 4.4.7-23 PHP 5.6.32 Apache/2.2.15 OCI8 Version => 2.0.8 /opt/oracle/product/112020_cl_64 (client)  My new environment has:  Red Hat 4.8.5-39.0.1 (OL7) PHP 5.6.36 (built manually) Apache/2.4.6 (built manually) OCI8 Version => 2.0.12 /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64 (client)  The database is:  read only Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options NLS_CHARACTERSET = WE8ISO8859P15  The query returns a column containing a \00BF character (i.e. asciistr(column) contains \00BF). select description raw, asciistr(description) tidied from aradmin.CHG_INFRASTRUCTURE_CHANGE where asciistr(description) != description and rownum < 2;  Raw: 08:00 ▒ 17:00 Tidied: 08:00 \00BF 17:00  Using sqlplus I get the same result on both servers. Using php/oci my old server automagically replaces the '▒' with a '?' which a subsequent json_encode handles without issues. My new server is currently returning the raw value, which is breaking the subsequent json_encode. How do I get the new server to do automatic replacement too? I'd like to avoid changing individual queries but they all use a common DatabaseConnection class which I can change, if required. New Apache build: sudo ./configure --enable-so --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr/bin/apu-1-config New php build: sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5.6 --enable-bcmath --with-bz2=/usr/bin/bzip2 --enable-calendar --with-curl --enable-dba=shared --with-cdb --enable-exif --with-gd --with-gettext --with-gmp  --with-ldap --with-mhash --with-openssl --with-readline --with-snmp --with-xmlrpc --with-xsl --with-zlib --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --with-libdir=lib64 --enable-dtrace --with-config-file-scan-dir=/usr/local/php5.6/php.d --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5.6 --with-unixODBC=/usr --enable-soap --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib --with-xpm-dir=/usr/lib64 --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apxs --with-pdo-mysql

I'm setting up a new server and want to support UTF-8 fully in my web application. I have tried this in the past on existing servers and always seem to end up having to fall back to ISO-8859-1.  Where exactly do I need to set the encoding/charsets? I'm aware that I need to configure Apache, MySQL, and PHP to do this — is there some standard checklist I can follow, or perhaps troubleshoot where the mismatches occur?  This is for a new Linux server, running MySQL 5, PHP, 5 and Apache 2.


I have installed yesterday Ubuntu 19.10 and some programs need about 30 seconds or 1 minute to start. E.g WPS Office latest version when I click on Icon I need to wait about 30 to 60 seconds to open program. In meantime nothing happening and just pop up like normal start. Also VLC player (Latest version also), when I open video nothing happens and then after some time it's just start. I have used before Fedora and Manjaro and I didn't have any similar problems.  Here is my Laptop Specs:  System:   Host: nenad-HP Kernel: 5.3.0-24-generic x86_64 bits: 64    Desktop: Gnome 3.34.1 Distro: Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine)  Machine:   Type: Laptop System: Hewlett-Packard product: HP ProBook 640 G1    v: A3009DD10303 serial: <root required>    Mobo: Hewlett-Packard model: 1993 v: KBC Version 16.39    serial: <root required> UEFI: Hewlett-Packard v: L77 Ver. 01.21    date: 09/03/2014  Battery:   ID-1: BAT0 charge: 46.2 Wh condition: 48.4/48.4 Wh (100%)  CPU:   Topology: Dual Core model: Intel Core i3-4000M bits: 64 type: MT MCP    L2 cache: 3072 KiB    Speed: 798 MHz min/max: 800/2400 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 798 2: 798    3: 798 4: 798  Graphics:   Device-1: Intel 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics driver: i915    v: kernel    Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.5 driver: i915 resolution: 1600x900~60Hz    OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile v: 4.5 Mesa 19.2.1  Audio:   Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio    driver: snd_hda_intel    Device-2: Intel 8 Series/C220 Series High Definition Audio    driver: snd_hda_intel    Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.3.0-24-generic  Network:   Device-1: Intel Ethernet I217-V driver: e1000e    IF: enp0s25 state: down mac: 38:63:bb:b9:11:74    Device-2: Intel Wireless 7260 driver: iwlwifi    IF: wlo1 state: up mac: 80:19:34:86:21:c6  Drives:   Local Storage: total: 223.57 GiB used: 23.78 GiB (10.6%)    ID-1: /dev/sda vendor: Patriot model: Burst size: 223.57 GiB  Partition:   ID-1: / size: 218.57 GiB used: 23.77 GiB (10.9%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda2  Sensors:   System Temperatures: cpu: 44.0 C mobo: 0.0 C    Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A  Info:   Processes: 263 Uptime: 7h 54m Memory: 7.69 GiB used: 2.39 GiB (31.0%)    Shell: bash inxi: 3.0.36

My relatively fresh Ubuntu 19.10 on a top notebook is running flawlessly, but some applications are really slow to start. For now it's keepassX, filezilla, deadbeef. Both takes about 30 seconds to show it's window, but after that both are blazing fast as others. May be someone can help me to find a solution?


So I need to reload my profile after making changes (this time due to a typo). I run source ~/.profile and everything works perfectly fine.  However the source command only applies to that terminal session. This means I'm running the command every time I open up a new terminal. I want to find a way to apply the .profile/environmental variables to the entire user session without logging out, not just the current terminal.   Is there a package or command that can execute this type of change by reloading the profile like it loaded on login?  EDIT: To clarify that it is not a duplicate I don't want to use:  source ~/.profile   or   . ~/.profile   As they only effect changes on one terminal session. I want to effect changes across all started terminals from my user session. I already have changes in the current terminal session using those commands. I need them in newly opened terminal after I run the command (which to clarify I don't currently have. the changes are only effecting the current terminal and my question is to effect these changes across multiple terminals

Is it possible to coerce bash to reload the .profile file without logging out and back in again?


So, an AI civ was on the verge of a science victory when I managed to conquer its capital. My question is: what happens now? Have I prevented a science victory for that Civ unless it takes back its capital? Does it just have to bring the one remaining part to its new capital? Or does it have to rebuild all the parts and bring them to its new capital?  What few hints I've found in Googling suggest things may have changed at some point, so just to be sure, this is with both G&K and BNW.

What happens when you conquer a city where a spaceship is under construction? Can the conquered civilization continue construction in its new capital? Does the conquered civilization retain its already-constructed modules? Do you get to capture the already-constructed modules as your own?    Note : I am talking about modules that have already been added to the spaceship, not ones who are still walking around as units.


I am pretty new to this site , so I am not sure how things work, but I am in desperate help with a question that I don't know where to start or finish with. It is for a test I have to study for.  Here it is   "If $G$ is a group having only one non-trivial proper subgroup. Prove that $G$ is cyclic and $o(G) = p^2$ where $p$ is a prime number"  Please help me, I have no idea what to do.

Question: Determine all the finite groups that have exactly one nontrivial proper subgroup.  MY attempt is that the order of group G has to be a positive nonprime integer n which has only one divisor since any divisor a of n will form a proper subgroup of order a. Since 4 is the only nonprime number that has only 1 divisor which is 2, All groups of order 4 has only 1 nontrivial proper subgroups (Z4 and D4)


There used to be subscribe button in the popup window which appears when you hover the mouse over a tag. It then sent you a confirmation e-mail and later it was sending e-mail feeds when new question tagged with the tag appeared.  The subscribe button is not there anymore. How can I subscribe to the e-mail notifications?    Old duplicate question:

tl;dr  We rolled out some improvements for how you track the topics you are interested in for your favorite Q&A sites. This feature used to be called Favorite Tags. We are renaming it Tag Watching. Naming is hard, but we think this better captures the value of the feature. There were a number of confusing elements to the old feature. We've attempted to clear these up and refocus the user experience on the core functionality.     This feature is live as of today (07/26/2018) on all sites. We turned this on for all sites earlier than expected so that we could do some code cleanup.   Key improvements:   Released   On boarding: new users are introduced to tag watching and how it can help them Cleaner pop up: new pop up is more focused on the key actions.  Coming later   Notifications: When watching a tag you're prompted to set up notifications, if desired. Also, changing notification settings will be supported when you edit your watched tags in the right side bar.    On boarding  Many users don't actually favorite any/many tags. Part of this is likely due to fact that we never explained why you should bother. In the old system all you saw was:  Tag Favorites on boarding    Now you see a description of the value tag watching provides.    Tag pop up  Our old tag pop up was very comprehensive and confusing. So many options. Watching/ignoring a tag was a tristate button (those are never a good option). An every action is essentially presented on equal footing. This makes it really hard for new users to understand what they can/should do.    The new pop up is focused on two primary actions (watch or ignore tag) and two minor actions (view tag, access RSS).    Notifications (coming later)     We have some work to make the notifications scale to SO. So, while these improvements are live for Teams users, they will be enabled later (timing TBD) for SO and the rest of the network.    With the old system watching a tag and getting notifications were two separate steps. With the new experience, you will be prompted to set your notifications when you watch a tag.    Also, changing your notifications will be integrated into the experience of editing your watched tags.    Feedback wanted  As usual, we are happy to hear your constructive feedback. Feel free to post an answer below if you think of an improvement.


My laptop is a 2017 Dell Inspiron Pentium 4415u@2.30GHz 64-bit with touchscreen. I'm not sure which distribution will support this laptop. I would like to delve into Linux, so any suggestions would we appreciated!

For a given hardware configuration, how do I find out if Ubuntu will run on it? What considerations should I take into account when choosing an Ubuntu version and  such as:    with a lighter desktop than the usual Gnome and Unity  with the even lighter LXDE desktop   Obviously Ubuntu does not run on some processor architectures. So how do I go about choosing the right version and derivate. How can I find out the minmal system requirements?


In Blender The GPU-Compute button is greyed out. I have a fully updated system with a Nvidia GTX video card and the current version of blender.

I want to enable GPU rendering, but there is no option in User Preferences > System:    Why is this? How can I get cycles to render using my GPU?


I have a single USB drive and Ubuntu 18.04 has been installed on it. I want to convert this drive to Linux on USB, meaning that Ubuntu gets installed on the USB drive as a standard installation that is writable and whatnot. How can this be done? When I try to format the USB drive (which has Ubuntu running live from RAM) using GNOME Disks, I get the following message:  Error unmounting filesystem Error unmounting /dev/sdb: target is busy (udisks-error-quark, 14)   This appears to be because it is not obvious how to unmount the root partition. How should I approach this problem?

A person has a computer with no HDD but 16GB RAM and USB3 port.  Also has 16GB USB3 pendrive with Ubuntu Live on it, (Non persistent).  The computer is then started with the pendrive using toram.  The pendrive is then removed and reinserted while the O/S is running.  Is the O/S that is running in RAM able to do a "Full" install to the pendrive?  This was asked in:     However for some reason this unique question was marked as "Duplicate".


I need to find international prices of airfare for specific locations in the years 2013 and 2014. Please help my boss will kill me if I cannot come up with this info soon!

Is there a way to find out how much it would have cost to buy a particular airplane ticket at some point in the past?    For example, how could I find out how much it would have cost to buy a one-way itinerary from airport A to airport B on October 1, 2011 for travel on November 1, 2011?


What is an English noun for whom you have a conversation with?    I expect a word like 'counterpart.' I want a simple word for it to name a model in my web application.

I'm looking for a proper English word to say "conversational partner".   Is "interlocutor" a word an average person would understand?  Are there any other words or shorter expressions which could describe a person you are having a conversation with, but who is not your friend and is basically unknown to you?


I cannot copy and paste files from the file manager to Desktop on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. Is there a way to fix this issue?

In Ubuntu 20.04, on the desktop, there is a number of actions I wish I could do, such as, by order of importance :  use keyboard shortcuts such as select all, copy / paste. use drag & drop with icons deactivate the "mouse over" highlight, and restrict the clicking area to only the icon, not the surrounding square  To put it simply, I'd like to have the exact same features as offered by the desktop of Ubuntu 18.04 (probably related to a specific version of GNOME, and not Ubuntu itself). Am I missing something obvious here? I actually see no reason why those actions are removed or deactivated on the desktop, since they all work in any Nautilus window.


Let $f$ be a differentiable function on $\mathbb{R}$ such that  $$f'(x)=0,\forall x\in \mathbb Q.$$  Prove or disprove that  $$f(x)=c$$  for some constant $c$. I've heard this problem is true, but I'm not sure. Can you prove it or provide a counterexample?  Auxiliary question: I wonder the converse of it, if $f′=0$ for all irrational, can we say that $f$ is constant?

Let $f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ a differentiable function such that $f'(x)=0$ for all $x\in\mathbb{Q}.$ $f$ is a constant function?


I have a MySQL database that is almost is in English but I want to accept all foreign language character sets. Someone submitted a form in Japanese and this came in:  åã¶ã¾ã‚€ã˜è·æ¨©ã‚·ã‚«ãƒ¦å…·å´æ¨©ã›æ±ºæ—©ãƒ   How can I make it so all language characters are stored properly?  My MySQL DB is set up as: InnoDB, utf8mb4, utf8mb4_general_ci  I am using PDO:  $conn = new PDO("mysql:charset=utf8mb4;host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username, $password);   and I am using this PHP to call the header:  $header_text = 'Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8'; header($header_text);   It is sending emails out correctly, just not storing the data in MySQL correctly.  Thanks

I'm setting up a new server and want to support UTF-8 fully in my web application. I have tried this in the past on existing servers and always seem to end up having to fall back to ISO-8859-1.  Where exactly do I need to set the encoding/charsets? I'm aware that I need to configure Apache, MySQL, and PHP to do this — is there some standard checklist I can follow, or perhaps troubleshoot where the mismatches occur?  This is for a new Linux server, running MySQL 5, PHP, 5 and Apache 2.


My application needs to know when the main thread ends and I found Application.ThreadExit handler. However I can't figure out how to use it. All the examples show Application.ThreadExit += new EventHandler(AppEvents.OnThreadExit);. But this is for Windows Forms, My application is a Console Application. Thank you!

I have a console application that contains quite a lot of threads.  There are threads that monitor certain conditions and terminate the program if they are true.  This termination can happen at any time.  I need an event that can be triggered when the program is closing so that I can cleanup all of the other threads and close all file handles and connections properly.  I'm not sure if there is one already built into the .NET framework, so I'm asking before I write my own.  I was wondering if there was an event along the lines of:  MyConsoleProgram.OnExit += CleanupBeforeExit;