Say a distillery released a limited edition set of whiskey bottles but do not say how many have been released... If the bottles are individually uniquely numbered (bottle No.55, for example), is it possible to estimate the total number of bottles from a sample of bottle numbers?

Is there a formal mathematical proof that the solution to the  is a function of only the parameters k (number of observed samples) and m (maximum value among observed samples)? In other words, can one prove that the solution is independent of the other sample values besides the maximum value?


What is actually happening on rooting? Is it change file system, or modify file or add new files or add new configirations....etc? I know the meaning of rooting but I want to know how it dowing.

Or, how do I root my device without a rooter?  Rooting instructions for Android devices that I have seen are typically of the following form:   Download Gingerbreak.apk Run Gingerbreak, click “root device” Observe that Superuser.apk has been magically installed, possibly along with busybox and other things, and enjoy your rooty goodness.   What I am wanting to know is this: how does the rooting actually happen? What does Gingerbreak do?  I understand the end result of rooting:   su is present and working Superuser.apk is installed and controls access to su Various utilities are present, provided by BusyBox (optional?)   I also think I understand the basic idea of how Gingerbreak gets started — it exploits some local privilege escalation vulnerability and uses its new-found powers to deploy Superuser and whatever else is necessary.  So, unless I am wrong in some of the understanding I laid out above, the core of thing I want to know is what the root installer does to deploy and activate Superuser. It seems that just putting Superuser.apk in the right place wouldn't be enough — how does it get allowed root access? How does it get hooked up to moderate that access for other applications?  What does Gingerbreak do post-exploit to enable and secure root access?


If $f$ is twice derivable at $a$, compute   $$\lim_{h\to 0} \frac{f(a+h)+f(a-h)-2f(a)}{h^2}$$   I tried to rearrange the terms in this way $$\lim_{h\to0} \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h^2} + \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(a-h)-f(a)}{h^2}$$  but it didn't get me anywhere. I also realised I can't use l'Hôpital rule or Taylor's theorems, because the hypothesis is weaker.

Prove that if $f''(a)$ exists, then $$f''(a)=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{f(a+h)+f(a-h)-2f(a)}{h^{2}}.$$  I really have no idea on this one. Am I supposed to apply the mean value theorem?


What is the difference between $this and self? When should we use each of them?

In PHP 5, what is the difference between using self and $this?  When is each appropriate?


I'm wondering how I would go about changing the default logon screen (just the background) in Ubuntu 12.04. I can't seem to figure it out.

I would like to set the wallpaper in the login screen (Unity Greeter), how do I do that?


I have the following custom extension method, which allows you to dynamically specify which field will be sorted - it is used to tie into a JQuery DataTable.  public static IQueryable<T> OrderByField<T>(this IQueryable<T> q, string SortField, string SortDirection) {    var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "p");   var prop = Expression.Property(param, SortField);   var exp = Expression.Lambda(prop, param);    var method = SortDirection == "asc" ? "OrderBy" : "OrderByDescending";    var types = new Type[] { q.ElementType, exp.Body.Type };   var mce = Expression.Call(typeof(Queryable), method, types, q.Expression, exp);    return q.Provider.CreateQuery<T>(mce);  }   It is then called as follows: .OrderByField("ColumnName", "asc") where the two params are strings.  I wish to modify this function to allow "thenby" to be called immediately after, however I am unsure how to do this.   Any help greatly appreciated.

I found an example in the  for Dynamic LINQ that allows you to use a sql-like string (e.g. OrderBy("Name, Age DESC")) for ordering. Unfortunately, the method included only works on IQueryable<T>. Is there any way to get this functionality on IEnumerable<T>?


I just installed Ubuntu 15.04 in VMware Workstation 12 and I don't know how to obtain the bar with the applications shown in the following figure    Any suggestions?  Many thanks in advance.

What is the best Linux Dock available? I'm looking for a Dock that I can customize to make it look the way I like. It needs to be theme-able and have lots of configuration options.  Please limit one dock solution per answer


I am working on a wit.ai project and I want the user to be able to type a query/request in plain human readable text (e.g "Turn on the lights") and the program will convert it to a formatted version designed to be put in a curl request (e.g "Turn%20on%20the%20lights"). How would I for example turn "Stack Exchange" into "Stack%20Exchange" using tools in bash?

I am trying to write a bash script for testing that takes a parameter and sends it through curl to web site.  I need to url encode the value to make sure that special characters are processed properly.  What is the best way to do this?    Here is my basic script so far:  #!/bin/bash host=${1:?'bad host'} value=$2 shift shift curl -v -d "param=${value}" http://${host}/somepath $@


I am travelling from Mumbai to Houston via London and have a valid US visa. I have to wait in London for 14 hours for my connecting flight. Some of my friends were saying transit visa is not required if the layover time is less that 24 hours and others say you should have one if you stay more than 12 hours. Could you please help me with issue.

Is there a website or some other way to find out if I need a transit visa for a short stop in the UK on my way somewhere else? Ideally this should give me the answer for all nationalities, and take into account any other visas I may have.


I have Ubuntu 13.10 installed as a dual boot system with Windows 7.  Ubuntu loads normally, but when I try to update with Synaptic Package Manager, I get the following error message and the system stops there....  Failed to fetch http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/InRelease   Failed to fetch http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/InRelease  (and other links listed too!)  Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.   What is wrong please?

When running sudo apt-get update I get these following errors:  Err archive.ubuntu.com quantal InRelease Err archive.ubuntu.com quantal-updates InRelease Err archive.ubuntu.com quantal-backports InRelease Err archive.ubuntu.com quantal-security InRelease Err archive.ubuntu.com quantal Release.gpg   Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80] Err archive.ubuntu.com quantal-updates Release.gpg   Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80] Err archive.ubuntu.com quantal-backports Release.gpg   Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80] Err archive.ubuntu.com quantal-security Release.gpg   Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80] Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/InRelease   W: Failed to fetch archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-updates/InRelease   W: Failed to fetch archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-backports/InRelease   W: Failed to fetch archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-security/InRelease   W: Failed to fetch archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80] W: Failed to fetch archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-updates/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80] W: Failed to fetch archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-backports/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80] W: Failed to fetch archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-security/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80] W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.   I am using Ubuntu 12.04. This is the command I used after installing Ubuntu from window installer. I am sure my laptop is connected to internet. What can I do now?


Is it ok to tell the OP to accept an upvoted answer? I'm asking this because in my two last answers that where upvoted by the OPs I tell them to mark as accepted if the answer worked for them and I would like to know if my attitude was correct. I said that as they do this, their accept rate will be increased.

I've had a couple of answers today where the OP indicated via a comment that I solved their problem, but the question wasn't upvoted or accepted.  In both cases the person probably wasn't able to upvote since they were new, but they could have accepted my answer. I felt a little guilty asking them to accept the answer, but since it solved their problem I felt that it would help others who stumbled on the question trying to solve their own problem to know that my solution really was the answer. Is asking the OP to accept your answer when they've said that it solved their problem a reasonable thing to do or does that feel like nagging for reputation?


From  I see that $\mathbb{Z}^{\mathbb{N}}$ is not a free abelian group. Someone can explain me why?  Thanks a lot!

Why isn't an infinite direct product of copies of $\Bbb Z$ a free module?   Actually I was asked to show that it's not projective, but as $\Bbb{Z}$ is a PID, so it suffices to show it's not free.   I am stuck here. I saw some questions in SE, but there is no satisfactory answer at all.


My understanding of this part of linear algebra is somewhat clouded. I fail to see how these two problems are related and/or how to prove them:  1) Show that if $A$ is a linear transformation with $A^2 - A + 1 = 0$, then $A$ is invertible.  2) If $A$ and $B$ are linear transformations on the same vector space and $AB = 1$. Prove that if A has exactly one $right\space inverse\space B$, then A is invertible. (Consider $BA + B - 1$)    My Attempt:  1) Show that if $Ax = 0$, then $x$ must be $0$. i.e. $A^2 - A + 1 = 0$ implies $A^2 + 1 = A$, implies $(A^2 + 1)x = Ax$ imples $A(A(x)) + x = A(x)$ imples $A(0) + x = 0$. Since A is linear ($A(0) = 0$), $x = 0$.  2) No idea.

I have the following question:     Suppose A is a linear transformation. Show that if $A^2 - A + I = O$, then A is invertible.   To show $A$ is invertible, I can show if $Ax = 0$ then $x = 0$.  But, if $Ax = 0$, then $(Ax)^2 + (Ax) + 1 = 0 + 0 + 1 \neq 0$ so the equation in the question is not satisfied. What gives?


I run  $ xdg-open 'http://google.com'   in /home/rominf/ and expect Firefox to open Google, but instead got GUI message with error:  /home/rominf/http:/google.com: No such file or directory   Firefox is set as a default browser in LXDE settings. What's wrong with xdg-open?  UPD0: In the comments, xdg-mime was suggested. I set firefox to be the default browser with no success:  $ xdg-settings set default-web-browser firefox.desktop $ xdg-open 'http://google.com' # Produces same error                                      $ xdg-mime query default x-scheme-handler/http firefox.desktop   UPD1:  $ xdg-mime query filetype 'http://google.com' xdg-mime: file 'http://google.com' does not exist   The question is: "Why xdg utils think that this link is a filename?".  UPD2:  $ xdg-settings get default-url-scheme-handler http                                firefox.desktop

I decided to try lxdm (was using fluxbox and xfce), and discovered that for many programs the url handler was failing, producing this error message;   Quite strange as you can see, it's prepending the user directory to the url.  The example here is from telegram, but it happens in discord, as well as when executing from the command line; xdg-open https://www.google.com produces a similar error. xdg-settings get default-web-browser output's firefox.desktop which works as a link in both xfce and lxdm.  More information; I ran bash -x on it and...  $ bash -x /usr/bin/xdg-open http://www.google.com + check_common_commands http://www.google.com + '[' 1 -gt 0 ']' + parm=http://www.google.com + shift + case "$parm" in + '[' 0 -gt 0 ']' + '[' -z '' ']' + unset XDG_UTILS_DEBUG_LEVEL + '[' 0 -lt 1 ']' + xdg_redirect_output=' > /dev/null 2> /dev/null' + '[' xhttp://www.google.com '!=' x ']' + url= + '[' 1 -gt 0 ']' + parm=http://www.google.com + shift + case "$parm" in + '[' -n '' ']' + url=http://www.google.com + '[' 0 -gt 0 ']' + '[' -z http://www.google.com ']' + detectDE + unset GREP_OPTIONS + '[' -n LXDE ']' + case "${XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP}" in + DE=lxde + '[' xlxde = x ']' + '[' xlxde = x ']' + '[' xlxde = x ']' + '[' xlxde = xgnome ']' + '[' -f /run/user/1000/flatpak-info ']' + '[' xlxde = x ']' + DEBUG 2 'Selected DE lxde' + '[' -z '' ']' + return 0 + case "${BROWSER}" in + case "$DE" in + open_lxde http://www.google.com + pcmanfm --help -a is_file_url_or_path http://www.google.com ++ file_url_to_path http://www.google.com ++ local file=http://www.google.com ++ echo http://www.google.com ++ grep -q '^file:///' ++ echo http://www.google.com + local file=http://www.google.com + echo http://www.google.com + grep -q '^/' ++ pwd + file=/home/nesmerrill/.local/share/applications/http://www.google.com + pcmanfm /home/nesmerrill/.local/share/applications/http://www.google.com + '[' 0 -eq 0 ']' + exit_success + '[' 0 -gt 0 ']' + exit 0   The important part seems to be pcmanfm --help -a is_file_url_or_path http://www.google.com but, that command if that's how it was used, doesn't seem to do much of anything?  $ pcmanfm --help -a is_file_url_or_path http://www.google.com Usage:   pcmanfm [OPTION…] [FILE1, FILE2,...]    Help Options:   -h, --help                   Show help options   --help-all                   Show all help options   --help-gtk                   Show GTK+ Options  Application Options:   -p, --profile=PROFILE        Name of configuration profile   -d, --daemon-mode            Run PCManFM as a daemon   --no-desktop                 No function. Just to be compatible with nautilus   --desktop                    Launch desktop manager   --desktop-off                Turn off desktop manager if it's running   --desktop-pref               Open desktop preference dialog   --one-screen                 Use --desktop option only for one screen   -w, --set-wallpaper=FILE     Set desktop wallpaper from image FILE   --wallpaper-mode=MODE        Set mode of desktop wallpaper. MODE=(color|stretch|fit|crop|center|tile|screen)   --show-pref=N                Open Preferences dialog on the page N   -n, --new-win                Open new window   -f, --find-files             Open a Find Files window   --role=ROLE                  Window role for usage by window manager   --display=DISPLAY            X display to use


I write $\mathcal{M}_{Bor}, \mathcal{M}_{Leb}$ for the Borel/ Lebesgue $\sigma$- algebras on $\mathbb{R}$. Let $A \in \mathcal{M}_{Leb}$. Let $f: A\to \mathbb{R}$. Then $f$ is Lebesgue- measurable iff $ \forall B \in \mathcal{M}_{Bor}: f^{-1}(B) \in \mathcal{M}_{Leb}$. What goes wrong if we instead require $ \forall E \in \mathcal{M}_{Leb}: f^{-1}(E) \in \mathcal{M}_{Leb}$, for $f$ to be measurable? Superficially this definition seems more natural, so why isn't it used?

A function $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is called Lebesgue-measurable if preimages of Borel-measurable sets are Lebesgue-measurable.  I don't understand why we would pick this definition, rather than saying that a function is measurable if preimages of Lebesgue-measurable sets are Lebesgue-measurable.  In fact, Wikipedia says that     A measurable function is a function between the underlying sets of two measurable spaces that preserves the structure of the spaces: the preimage of any measurable set is measurable   So this would mean that the Lebesgue-measurable functions are morphisms of measure spaces $(\mathbb{R}, \mathrm{Lebesgue}) \to (\mathbb{R}, \mathrm{Borel})$, rather than $(\mathbb{R}, \mathrm{Lebesgue}) \to (\mathbb{R}, \mathrm{Lebesgue})$.  So why do we care more about "Lebesgue-Borel measurable functions" than "Lebesgue-Lebesgue measurable functions", and why do we use the term "Lebesgue measurable" to refer to those rather than Lebesgue-Lebesgue measurable functions?


I am working on clustering a medium-sized, high-dimensional data set (200k rows; 120 columns). Once I have attempted (multiple) cluster solutions, I would like to profile my clusters and understand them.   Previously, I used to calculate descriptive statistics (mean, mode, median, standard deviation). I was trying to use  but these don't help much with large number of variables.   I was wondering if there are some other ways for profiling and understanding clusters.

Say clustering was performed. My concern is to understand what characterizes certain cluster. Which variables differ most for a certain cluster? Are there any methods for performing such kind of analysis?  For example, say I have 50 variables and 10 clusters. The desired result would sound like: for a cluster 1 variables 5, 16, 23, 42 and 49 contribute to the biggest difference from other clusters.


I'm really hoping you could help me understand the taxes and what will be my net salary. I've started to work for the first time in the UK on May the 9th 2016. My income will be 26000/year (gross). I've have checked many UK calculator and they all say I will get  £1,737.27 net, however I have been reading that if it's the first time you work in the UK you don't pay taxes for the first months. Is that correct? I received my payslip and it's the most strange thing I've seen and they combine May & June as apparently didn't have the time to get me a code for May (?). This is a very small office, I have asked my colleagues and no one knows and the account never got back to me. Could you please be so kind to help me figuring out how much will I take home every month?   Thank you in advance for your help.  M.

Quite a similar thread to others I've seen here - hope I'm not repeating the same questions again!   I just got my first payslip after arriving in the UK and noticed that the tax is far higher than the HMRC rate for my salary bracket.     I did some research but couldn't find any reason why I would be taxed at 24.23% of my gross this month AND then an additional amount for NI.    I have about £640 back pay from April that is only being paid now,but even so, it doesn't explain the rather large discrepancy between the HMRC rate and what I'm seeing here.   Any ideas?


Directly to ground pole outside drove into ground

I'm in a bit of a dilemma.  The house we bought has a detached garage supplied by 12/3 UF with ground.  The previous owner/handyman set this up as a multiwire branch circuit (MWBC) with a twist: one of the conductors is fed from the main panel in the basement to create a 20A circuit in the garage for plugs, but two other conductors in the 12/3 UF are used as switch legs for a 3-way switch, enabling the garage lights to be turned off either from the house or from the garage.  This leaves the equipment grounding conductor to be used as a shared neutral for both the plugs and the lights in the garage - definitely not code compliant, probably a bad idea all around.  The EGCs of the NM cables that feed the lights and plugs in the garage are tied together in a box in the garage, and not bonded to the makeshift neutral (EGC of the 12/3UF), as far as I can tell - so there is no true safety ground for the garage outlets.  I am not ready to dig up the yard and re-feed the garage, which will probably be the ultimate solution: reclaiming the 12/3 for only the lights, and adding thicker conductors in the trench for a proper subpanel in the garage.  I also realize that the easiest short-term solution would most likely be to rearrange the existing wiring connections to make either a single 20A circuit on a 3-way switch for all lights and plugs in the garage, or a single always-on circuit in the garage, to which I could connect the plugs and the lights, with a switch in the garage for the lights.  The first of these choices is not an option because the garage door opener needs to be always live for use with the car remote, and the second choice, though preferable, loses the significant advantage of the 3-way switch.  In general, I'm ok with using the ground of the 12/3 UF as neutral on a temporary basis because of the tough nature of UF cable, and because it hasn't caused any obvious problems yet.  I'm thinking of driving a grounding electrode at the garage and connecting the equipment grounding conductors of the branches in the garage to that electrode, which wouldn't be bonded to the neutral.  I know this would not be code-compliant, but I wonder if it would be an improvement.  I'm also wondering if GFI protection of either/both of the branch circuits in the garage would be possible and preferable - though I know that using GFIs on MWBC creates new issues.    Again, I'm not yet ready to dig up the existing cable, and not willing to run anything overhead.  Thoughts?  Thanks! Benjamin


I saw an answer to a similar question and a gentleman named Joe said to use a radiator. I would relly appreciate more information about this. Thank you

It is winter down here in Australia and I find it challenging to find a warm spot to raise my bread dough. What I have been doing is placing the dough in the oven (not switched on) with a pot of hot water, replacing it once or twice. The oven becomes a warm and moist environment for the yeast to do its magic.   What other alternative spots are there to raise the dough in cold seasons?


Let's explain it more detail. Suppose that $U\subseteq \mathbb{C}$ is an open set. Let $F\in C^0(U)$. Suppose that for every $\bar{D}(z,r) \subseteq U$ and $\gamma$ the curve surrounding this disc (with counterclockwise orientation) and all $w\in D(z,r)$ it holds that \begin{align}   F(w) = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \oint_{\gamma} \frac{F(\zeta)}{\zeta-w} d\zeta \end{align} Textbook says that $F$ is holomorphic. How do I prove this from the definition of holomorphic. $i.e$, $\frac{\partial F}{\partial \bar{w}}=0$.

I'm reading Gong Sheng's  to get some basic understanding.  On $\S 2.4$ page 61 Theorem 2.15 (Hurwitz Theorem) it says     Theorem 2.15 (Hurwitz Theorem) Let $\{f_j\}$ be a sequence of holomorphic functions on $U\subseteq \mathbb C$ that converges uniformly to a function $f$ on    every compact subset of $U$. If $f_j$ is never equal to zero on $U$ for all $j$, then    $f$ is either identically zero or never equal to zero on $U$.      Proof: For an arbitrary point $z \in U \subseteq \mathbb C$, choose a simple closed curve $\gamma$ in $U$ such that the inside of $\gamma$ contains $z$.    Since $f_j$ is holomorphic on $U$, by Cauchy integral formula we have $$f_j(z)=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_\gamma \frac{f_j(\zeta)\,d \zeta}{\zeta-z}$$   Since $\{f_j\}$ converges uniformly on every compact subset of $U$, we have    $$\lim\limits_{j\to \infty} f_j(z) = \lim\limits_{j\to \infty} \frac{1}{2\pi j} \int_\gamma \frac{f_j(\zeta)\,d \zeta}{\zeta-z}  = \frac{1}{2\pi j} \int_\gamma \lim\limits_{j\to \infty} \frac{f_j(\zeta)\,d \zeta}{\zeta-z} $$   It follows that $$f(z) = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_\gamma \frac{f(\zeta) \, d \zeta}{\zeta - z}$$   Hence, $f(z)$ is a holomorphic function.    Similarly, we can prove that $\{f_j'(z)\}$ converges uniformly to $f'(z)$ on every compact subset of $U$.       If $f(z)$ is not identically zero, then by Theorem 2.13, the zeros of $f$ are  discrete. Let $\gamma$ be a curve that does not pass through these zeros. Then    $$\frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_\gamma \frac{f_j'(\zeta)}{f_j(\zeta)\, d \zeta} \to \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_\gamma \frac{f'(\zeta)}{f(\zeta)\, d \zeta}$$   as $j\to \infty$.   By the assumption and Theorem 2.14, we have    $$\frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_\gamma \frac{f_j'(\zeta)}{f_j(\zeta)\, d \zeta} = 0$$   Therefore  $$\frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_\gamma \frac{f'(\zeta)}{f(\zeta)\, d \zeta} = 0$$   and $f(z)$ has no zero on $U$.    I wonder why $f(z)$ is a holomorphic function once $f(z) = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_\gamma \frac{f(\zeta) \, d \zeta}{\zeta - z}$?  So far from that book I only know such ways to determine a function is holomorphic   By definition, that is $f(z)$ is holomorphic in $U$, iff $\forall z\in U$, $\lim_{h\to 0} \frac{f(z+h)-f(z)}{h}$ exists, here $h \in \mathbb C$.  Cauchy-Riemann equation, that is, if $f(z) \in \mathscr L ^1 (U)$ and fulfills the Cauchy-Riemann equation $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = -i \frac{\partial f}{\partial y}$, then $f$ is holomorphic on $U$, here $z=x+iy$. Power series expansion (Taylor series): $f(z)$ is holomorphic in $U$ iff $f$ has a power series expansion $\forall z \in U$. Morera theorem:  If $f(z)$ is continuous on $U$ and  the integral of $f$ along any rectifiable closed curve is zero, then $f(z)$ is  holomorphic on $U$.    It seems none of such 1-4 could get to the conclusion that $f(z)$ is a holomorphic function?


I try to learn how to create crontabs in a remote server.  I try to run a script every 5 minutes.  I use a server in the company "IONOS" and it is in Europe.  I have a Mac. I open the Terminal.   # I go to the server with the authentification. It works well:  ssh userName@serverName  # I open the default editor. That is Vim: crontab -e  # I edit the file: i  # I give my email. If the Cron fails:  MAILTO=info@example.com   # Every 5 minutes go to a file where I have a simple script that sends me an e-mail: */5 * * * * http://www.example.com/cron-test/1.php    # save and exit the file :wq   The Cron does not work. I have received that error in the email that I provided:  /bin/sh: 1: https://www.example.com/cron-test/1php: not found   In that message, the address is a link and the last ":" is included in that link. I do not know if that could be the problem?  Of course, I have checked that if I go to https://www.example.com/cron-test/1php it works well and sends me an email with php.   Please, be aware that I am new to Cron and new with the Terminal. I am just learning and making tutorials.

This is a  about using cron & crontab.   You have been directed here because the community is fairly sure that the answer to your question can be found below. If your question is not answered below then the answers will help you gather information that will help the community help you. This information should be edited into your original question.  The answer for 'Why is my crontab not working, and how can I troubleshoot it?' can be seen below.  This addresses the cron system with the crontab highlighted.


After several years of absence, I seem to have lost track of the very basic of number theory. In my head, I know what I am allowed to do, but not why I am allowed to do it. I have been consulting , but I can't find any property that matches up to the following: What property of modular arithmetic lets us conclude that $a^{2b}\mod{n} \equiv a^{b}\mod{n} \cdot a^{b}\mod{n}$ for $a,b,n \in \mathbb{Z}$? I worry that I've confused the Computer Science style of "mod as in remainder upon division"  and the mathematics style of "mod as in congruence", but I was sure that this worked for both. For example, I am confident that $5^4\mod{3} = 5^{2}\mod{3} \cdot 5^{2}\mod{3}=(5^{2}\mod{3})^2=(5\mod{3})^4 =(2\mod{3})^4 =(2)^4\mod{3} = 16 \mod{3} = 1\mod{3}$ is completely valid.

Show that  $$a^2 \mathrm{\ mod \ } b = (a \mathrm{\ mod \ } b)^2 \mathrm{\ mod\ } b$$ for $ a, b \in \mathbb{Z}^+ $.  this was derived from an Informatics olympiad question.


In my code snippet, I am trying to first generate a Character array and then aggregate it into a String but I keep hitting a NullPointerException. Is there memory not pointed to and being accessed here or is there some kind of type mismatch?  Source code :  private int getRandomDigit() {     return (random.nextInt(10)); }  private Character getRandomCharacter() {     return (char) (65 + random.nextInt(26)); }  public void setRandomizedCustomerID() {      Character[] customerID_ = new Character[10];      customerID_[0] = Character.forDigit(getRandomDigit(), 10);     customerID_[1] = Character.forDigit(getRandomDigit(), 10);     customerID_[2] = getRandomCharacter();     customerID_[3] = getRandomCharacter();     customerID_[4] = getRandomCharacter();     customerID_[5] = getRandomCharacter();     customerID_[6] = Character.forDigit(getRandomDigit(), 10);     customerID_[7] = getRandomCharacter();     customerID_[8] = getRandomCharacter();     customerID_[9] = Character.forDigit(getRandomDigit(), 10);      for (Character c : customerID_)          customerID += c.toString(); /* customerID is a field of type String */ }   main method :  public static void main(String[] args) {     GenerateRecords[] recordArray = new GenerateRecords[1000];     String[] recordsToBeWritten = new String[1000];      for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {         recordArray[i].setRandomizedCustomerID(); /* NullPointerException thrown here */         recordArray[i].setRandomizedOccupationID();         recordArray[i].setRandomizedIncome();         recordArray[i].setRandomizedDebt();         recordsToBeWritten[i] = recordArray[i].getRandomizedCustomerID() + "," + recordArray[i].getRandomizedState()                 + "," + recordArray[i].getRandomizedGender() + "," + recordArray[i].getRandomizedAge() + ","                 + recordArray[i].getRandomizedRace() + "," + recordArray[i].getRandomizedMaritalStatus() + ","                 + recordArray[i].getRandomizedOccupation() + "," + recordArray[i].getRandomizedIncome() + ","                 + recordArray[i].getRandomizedDebt() + "," + recordArray[i].getRandomizedLoanType() + "," + "?";     }      for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)         System.out.println(recordsToBeWritten[i] + "\n"); }

What are Null Pointer Exceptions (java.lang.NullPointerException) and what causes them?  What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?


Edit: For some reason, this question was marked as a duplicate of a question about setting the grid floor size. Really strange - this question isn't about just the floor or just the bottom grid. Its about the full interior space of a 3D printer. Also including the left, right, front, back, and ceiling grids/walls. Is it possible to setup Blender guides (not just the floor grid) to match your 3D printer's printable area? It's been a while since I've used Blender, but I think I remember the capability to add "empties" (?) to represent structures or guides where the empties won't be saved or exported. Is this the best way to deal with this? I was hoping it was possible to setup Blender's built-in guide systems to represent the interior of a cube that matches the dimensions of your 3D printer? I know one could render their own lines onto a high resolution texture, then map that onto the surfaces of an inverted cube to match the correct dimensions. But doing this would require saving the data as scene geometry, which means the specific "print bed" data is saved into every file. I would rather have it saved in user preferences, so that adjusting the settings later will update all previously saved files automatically. For instance, if loading the model-file onto another computer that has a different size 3D printer connected, I would want the environment to match that one, instead of whatever PC the file was saved from. If something like this isn't possible, perhaps there is a plugin/add-on out there to accomplish it?

I'm making a small object and it is bit difficult to see what i'm doing.  Usally i just open the N-panel and change it under Display, but can't find that option in the new Blender 3.0 Beta.  I want to make the grid floor smaller.  I want to change the scale to 0.1


I'm creating a game similar to the colour switch game, I've created this script to generate a random colour combination out of 8 colours. I've split my wheel into . I want each part to have a different colour when I press the button, however, after many attempts, I'm still getting my issue of two or more parts having the same colour. Can this be done? A gif to demonstrate:  (In the example, I click the button 5 times, in two cases, the same colour repeated twice, aka the purple and the pink.) My code:  public SpriteRenderer[] colorWheels;  public Color[] colorcombination;  public int uniqueRandomInt(int min, int max) {     int result = Random.Range(min, max);      if(result == lastRandomNumber) {          return uniqueRandomInt(min, max);      }          lastRandomNumber = result;     return result; }  public  void switchColour() {     for(int i = 0; i < colorWheels.Length; i ++)     {       colorWheels[i].material.color = RANDcolorcombination[uniqueRandomInt(0,8)];     } }  Thank you!

What is the best way to randomize the order of a generic list in C#? I've got a finite set of 75 numbers in a list I would like to assign a random order to, in order to draw them for a lottery type application.


I wrote an article, and will submit it soon. I am troubled in its title:  "The Speedy Application of Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test for Stationarity Analysis with causfinder Package in R"  I have learnt that it would be better to add "the" to the beginning of "..of.." structures.  However, when I add it in my case, I am suspicious to have a grammar error caused by the relevant meaning in context.  I also thought to entitle it as: "A Speedy Application of Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test for Stationarity Analysis with causfinder Package in R".  The some of the problem arises from the math'l theory: There is no specific math theory I discovered now (or anyone else discovered earlier) that speeds up the calculation of ADF test statistics (like lowering the number of operations etc.). When I wrote "The", it seems to me that the sentence may mean like that as well.  I wrote some codes that bring together the works of others and reveals ADF statistics with less time by means efficient software coding.  "A Speedy Application of Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test for Stationarity Analysis with causfinder Package in R" reflects the meaning better, but it lacks the rule of putting "the" to the beginning of "..of.." structures.  Any idea?

I can’t for the life of me figure out where to use a and where to use the — and where there is no article at all. Is there a simple rule of thumb to memorize?   The standard rule you always hear:     “If a person knows which item you are talking about then use "the"   . . . doesn’t clear things up for me, as I have no idea whether or not they know.


I'm trying to seek data extension row between some datetimes variables   Is this possible?  I could figure out how this is actually works... for example, if I got two rows with this datetime field: "12/29/2016 12:30:00 AM" and "12/29/2016 12:00:00 AM" and I try to Lookup by      LookupRows(@DE, "DateEvent", FormatDate("12/29/2016", "YYYY/MM/DD"))   That function only return the row that contains "12/29/2016 12:00:00 AM" as DateEvent value but not return the other one...  How could I lookup every rows in that "day" (in that date) no matter what time?  Thank you!

I want to use LookupOrderedRows and return rows between a start and end date (last month range). What is the best way to handle using Ampscript?   I can add one date to the where using   "DateField", @varStartDate,   But if I add the below to add additional where filters  "DateField", @varStartDate,"DateField", @varEndDate,   I get this error:     "Duplicate Key Field Name: DateField"   EDIT: Also I tried the range as the var for the LookupOrderedRows using   set @strRange = StringToDate(Format(DateDiff(@strStartDate, @strEndDate, "M"),"MM/dd/yyyy"))  and then in the LookupOrderedRows just using  "DateField", @strRange  But that got an error as well.


It seems, that Stack Overflow doesn't recognise the SQL:2003/SQL:2008 MERGE statement, as can be seen in my answer here:    or here:  merge into table_a u using (select id, rownum rnum from table_a order by column1, column2) s on (u.id = s.id) when matched then update set u.sequence_column = s.rnum   these keywords are not recognised: merge, using, matched  I'm not sure if this is a bug or a feature request.  UPDATE: I was asked to look for some more keywords. I can confirm, these standard ones are not recognised either:  partition rows unbounded preceding following row   And these Oracle-specific ones might be interesting too   ACCESS, AUDIT, CHAR, CLUSTER, COMMENT, COMPRESS, CONNECT, DATE, DECIMAL, EXCLUSIVE,  FLOAT, IDENTIFIED, IMMEDIATE, INCREMENT, INITIAL, INTEGER, LEVEL, LOCK, LONG,  MAXEXTENTS, MINUS, MLSLABEL, MODE, MODIFY, NOAUDIT, NOCOMPRESS, NOWAIT, NUMBER,  OFFLINE, ONLINE, PCTFREE, PRIOR, PRIVILEGES, RAW, RENAME, RESOURCE, ROW, ROWID,  ROWNUM, ROWS, SESSION, SHARE, SIZE, SMALLINT, START, SUCCESSFUL, SYNONYM, SYSDATE,  UID, VALIDATE, VARCHAR, VARCHAR2, WHENEVER

I noticed that sometimes my code gets highlighted in different colors when rendered.   What is syntax highlighting? How does it work? Why isn't my code being highlighted correctly? How do I report a bug or request a new language? How do I use syntax highlighting? What languages are currently available on Stack Exchange?


As the title says, I created it, don't know if right. It doesn't do anything. What should I do? Thanks, (I have some grub problems).

How do I make an Bootable Ubuntu USB containing the the latest version of Ubuntu?  For completeness, how would I be able to do this on Ubuntu, Windows, OS X or another Linux distro?


Reading through some manuals, wikis and other documentation I'm learning about Merkle–Damgård construction. I understand why padding beginning with '1', followed by '0's is needed, but I can't understand why we're adding length of input in the end. This length-padding is called Merkle–Damgård strengthening. Could anyone explain to me why it's needed. I don't see the benefit.

I understand the need for padding in MD5. But why do we append the message length to the padding?  I heard it strengthens the hash but how?  Please provide an example if possible and how it applies to this quote:     The inclusion of the length-block effectively encodes all messages such   that no encoded input is the tail end of any other encoded input.   Why a message being the tail of another message is bad (if it is)?


script that will continue to send a keypress every 50ms. Here is a script I've used before and looking to create it in automator/applescript #IfWinActive World of Warcraft $r:: GetKeyState, state, r, P if state = D Loop { Send {r} Sleep, 50 return }

Is there an equivalent product/method for AutoHotkey. For those that don't know, its a product that allows you to program your mouse movements and keyboard. This allows me to "macro" certain functions on programs instead of having to do it manually. In the old days they used to call them keyboard stuffers. But that is only half of the solution as I need a "mouse movement" stuffer as well.  Is there such a beast?


I found that I always have to xelatex at least twice to make references work (referring figures or equations), otherwise I have such wrong reference:    The following error message appears when the references broke,     reference `xxxxxxx' on page 7 undefined on input line 289   xelatex again often solve this problem. Is there a way to prevent this from happening, so I can get correct reference without running xelatex compilation a second time?

I have some charts embedded in figures, and I want to be able to refer to them easily using the "Figure x" notation. I'm doing it like this (in this order):  \documentclass[12pt,letterpaper]{article}  ...  \section*{Results} ...we performed a linear regression to obtain a standard curve  (Figure~\ref{0:stdcurve})....  \pagebreak \section*{Results (Graphs)} \subsection*{Construction of Standard Graph for PNP} \begin{figure}[h]   % Figure 1     \centering     \includegraphics[scale=1]{kinematics-res/graph0-1}     \caption{The standard curve for PNP.}     \label{0:stdcurve} \end{figure}   However, instead of getting the output "...to obtain a standard curve (Figure 1)...", I just get "...to obtain a standard curve (Figure ??)..."  I also noticed that the PDFLaTeX compiler is generating warnings saying that it couldn't find the reference of the name 0:stdcurve. Why am I getting these warnings?


Whenever a new feature is announced by the SE team, it's typical for people to report bugs and request features by posting answers to the announcement. However, it often happens that some people who also come across the same bug or have the same feature idea don't notice the prior answer (probably since it's buried in answers) post the same thing as a new question.  If that happens, should that question be closed as a duplicate of the announcement, since it was already requested as an answer there, or should it be left open?  Personally, I disagree with closing them as duplicates (since you can only really close something as a duplicate of a question, not an answer, and there's no way to cleanly provide a link to the specific answer where it was requested earlier), but I've noticed others doing so on other metas. I'd like to see if the community thinks any differently.

Meta Stack Exchange is seeing a fair few of these "Grab bag" questions that announce a biggish change to the sites and then encourage bug-reports and feature-requests to be posted as answers to that question.  For example:   Recently,  as a  question.   BUT, it turns out that  as an answer to one of those "Grab bag" questions.  So my question:  Should the new bug report be closed as a duplicate of the "Grab bag" question?  Or should the original answer be edited to point to the new bug report?  Something else?


I've seen the movies. I know that Dooku cut off Anakin's hand during Episode 2.  However, I'm in the process of reading Dark Force Rising, and in it, Mara Jade tells Luke Skywalker that Vader lost his right hand as a result of the Emperor's anger over losing the first Death Star.  So, which is it?  Clearly, I'd assume the book is in "error" here.  But, is there something more to this?

When the first Death Star was destroyed, the Emperor punished Darth Vader by removing his arm (according to the novel "Heir to the Empire"). This was originally said to explain Vader's mechanical arm, but it was later revealed that all of Vader's limbs were mechanical after a near-fatal duel with Kenobi (technical retcon is he removed a prosthetic and Vader got a new one). But how did he do it?   When that info was first revealed, the Emperor wasn't known to wield a lightsaber. Of course now we know he did, but back then we assumed he didn't have one. With that retcon in mind, still by 0 ABY, Palpatine didn't have a lightsaber "anymore" and wouldn't awkwardly get up, activate a lightsaber and chop off Vader's arm. It's not his style. I imagine him forming an "energy blade" out of pure Force energy or something to cut off the limb. Does my theory have any credence with canon, or is there another amputation method?


Today I closed a question I asked on MSO, because it was a duplicate. I voted to close, and was then served with this nice pop-up:   That asks if it answers my question.   Ofcourse it does, it was me that suggested it. Can we prevent this behaviour by making  automagically cast the final and binding close vote when (at least):   There are no current close votes on the question The close vote is a duplicate vote The close vote is from OP   These criteria are up for debate of course.

When my vote to close my own question as duplicate was registered as a simple vote, I was a bit surprised, as I thought it'd immediately close for my own given reason, but the question of whether a user should be allowed to force a close-as-duplicate has already been addressed here on Meta.  However, when I later reloaded the page it was much worse:     I automatically leave a comment asking myself if something answers my question. Well, of course I think it does, otherwise I wouldn't have voted for that. "The system" picks up my on question and asks it to me again. Well darn, I just told you that it does — take my vote for an answer!   This can't be right!


I put my usb stick into my asus router and enabled the content to source as dnla  How do I get the xbox one to play movies shared as part of the dnla share?

It appears that the Xbox One has no out-of-the-box support to play one's own video files, for example by sticking them on a USB. This is in stark contrast the Xbox 360, which has an inbuilt media player app that plays a limited range of video formats.  What is the most convenient way to play video files on the Xbox one?   For example,   Obtaining a PC or tablet running Windows 8 and use the "Stream to Xbox" function touted in reviews?  Would you upload your files to a SkyDrive account and use the SkyDrive app on your Xbox?  Would you use some other app?    Or is there some other clever backdoor method?


Imagine we have a wave with a certain frequency. We can calculate the energy of this wave with the equation  $E=hf$, where $h$ is the Planck constant and $f$ the frequency  Now, we can create a second wave, with the same frequency but a phase of $\pi$, so when we add the two waves they cancel out.  However both waves have positive energy, so their energies should add up, giving twice the energy.  In reality, the waves might not perfectly cancel, giving a residual with the added energy of the two waves, but in a pure conceptual design, how can "nothing" have energy?  Or am I missing something?

What happens to the energy when waves perfectly cancel each other (destructive interference)? It appears that the energy "disappear" but the law of conservation of energy states that it can't be destructed. My guess is that the kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy. Or maybe it depends on the context of the waves where do the energy goes? Can someone elaborate on that or correct me if I'm wrong?


I have a question about where to find free-to-use OS desktop icons, and I am unsure what would be the correct Stack Exchange site to post it on.  On Software Recommendations it was OT. It's currently on Open Data () but likely to be closed soon.  Is there a Stack Exchange site for this kind of question? Perhaps Super User?

Questions like looking for css templates, blog templates, icons ... In general, resources (let's leave the licensing terms aside for now) which you might need when building a project of your own. Where should those questions go?  They're definitely not on-topic on Stack', SuperUser maybe although I doubt it. Webapps? Hmm, probably not.  Is there a place where they would be on-topic on the SE network?


What is the difference between the 4th and 5th lines? int main()  {     int a = 3, b = 5, c, d;      c = a, b;      d = (a, b);      printf("c=%d d=%d", c, d);      return 0; }  Output: c=3 d=5


I am wondering if theres some way to make it so that if there is a bunch of content in an iFrame it will just zoom out on the document essentially so it fits. Making all the content inside the iFrame smaller.  Any ideas how I would do this?  Script:  <script type="text/javascript"> function autoResize(id){     var newheight;     var newwidth;      if(document.getElementById){         newheight=document.getElementById(id).contentWindow.document .body.scrollHeight;         newwidth=document.getElementById(id).contentWindow.document .body.scrollWidth;     }      document.getElementById(id).height= (newheight) + "px";     document.getElementById(id).width= (newwidth) + "px"; } </script>   iFrame:  <iframe id="iframehtml" style="width:100%;height:100%;" onLoad="autoResize('iframe1');"></iframe>   By the way the reason there is no src set for the iFrame is because I have it in JavaScript so when you clicka a button it will edit the html of the iFrame.

I am working on an iGoogle-like application. Content from other applications (on other domains) is shown using iframes.   How do I resize the iframes to fit the height of the iframes' content?  I've tried to decipher the javascript Google uses but it's obfuscated, and searching the web has been fruitless so far.  Update: Please note that content is loaded from other domains, so the  applies.


It's like "A Sound of Thunder" but when the guy goes back from the past to the present, his superiors ask him if anything worrying happened during the trip. He says, No. But they are all in tanks of liquid now. Not humans anymore. And they all agree that nothing in the trip affected the present. The End. It was a short story I read maybe 40 years ago. Not sure when exactly. Has anyone heard of this story?

A little help please. The story I'm looking for is probably late-50's to mid-60's, and may well have occurred in an SF magazine.  A professor is demonstrating his new time machine to a scientific audience. The machine looks like two large spheres touching each other. In operation, one is sent back into deep time (let's say, although my memory has dropped this particular datum, 10 billion years). It will then return to the present, then bounce off its twin and jump back half that temporal distance (5 billion years), return, bounce half again (2.5 billion years), etc. Each trip will take half the time (in present-day units) as the previous, so the whole thing will be over in a finite time.  Before anyone can stop him, he activates it. He begins lecturing the audience, asserting that whatever has happened has always happened. At decreasing intervals the sphere reappears and bounces with a resonant "Boing!". At each jump, the narrative establishes that the appearance of the sphere did change history, and these changes are reflected in the professor's speech.  So it becomes something like "(Boing!) And those who say that this is dangerous might as well be claiming that the day is not 26 hours long (Boing!) or that there are three moons, not seven (Boing!)", etc. And when the final (Boi-Bo-B-B-Boing!) fades away he raises his tentacles in triumph and cries, "See? Nothing has changed!"


I am trying to Show the Records based on Postcode in the VF Page which has a Distance Filter as 10,15,25,50 and 100 miles. It works perfectly fine till 25 but then fails. If(postObj.Geolocation__c != null){                 for(postcode__c obj :  [SELECT Geolocation__c,Name ,Id , Geolocation__Latitude__s                                          FROM postcode__c WHERE DISTANCE(Geolocation__c, GEOLOCATION(:latitude,:longitude), 'mi') < :distance LIMIT 50000]){                     postalcodeIds.add(obj.Id);                 }                       }  Postcode is a Object which has 2 Million Records in SF. Errro Message - Too many query rows: 50001 Error is in expression '{!searchCall}' in page searchpage: Class.Database.QueryLocatorIterator.hasNext: line 41, column 1

What I am trying to do is to set a date in my date field and also update the object. I am using the class below to do so which works just fine in my sanbox but in production I am getting this error:      System.LimitException: Too many query rows: 50001   public with sharing class updateObject{     public  List<NRProducts__c>  values;     public PageReference updateObject() {         values=[SELECT Refreshed_Date__c FROM NRProducts__c ];         for (NRProducts__c s :values){            s.Refreshed_Date__c =Date.today();          }          update values;         return null;                       }     }   VF Page:  <apex:page showheader="false" controller="updateObject" sidebar="false"> <apex:form>  <apex:commandButton action="{!updateObject}" value="Update"/> </apex:form> </apex:page>


I’m looking into using a CD4021B shift register with an Arduino Uno, and found a schematic online detailing how to use it. However, I am confused as to what the point of the 10kohm resistors is, would the current not just pass straight through from the 5V to the shift register when the switches are closed? To me it seems like the resistors are pointless, however I am rather new to this all so if someone could enlighten me as to their purpose it would be much appreciated.  Schematic:

In my quest to understand electrical engineering, I have stumbled across this tutorial:    I have understood the diagrams until I got to switches. I am not sure how switches work on the breadboard or the diagrams. This is the specific one I am thinking of (this is of a pull down resistor):    The implementation is:    Based on the diagram, what I think is happening is: Power goes to the switch, if the button is up then the circuit is not completed. If the button is pressed then the current takes the path of least resistance to pin2 because it has more pull (100ohm < 10kohm).  The way it is described in the tutorial sounds like when the button is up, the circuit is still complete, but the 10k ohm resistor pulls the power to the ground. I am not positive how or why if both the 10k ohm and 100ohm are receiving equal current, the current would get pulled to the ground through a higher resistance than is open to pin 2.


Recently on every startup I get error unable to detect graphics settings (this is from memory, so the message is not exact).  I am then offered to run in low-graphics mode for one session (other options offered do not work). Since this mode is perfectly fine, I would like to set it to run always without those error messages. How to do that?  The error in logs that I am given access to at that point is: x server is already running and goes on about existing .lock file.  Update. It seems that removing lightdm solved the issue for me, getting me exactly what i wanted.

Note: This is an attempt to create a canonical question that covers all instances of "low-graphics mode" error that occurs to a user, including but not limited to installation of wrong drivers, incorrect or invalid lightdm greeters, low disk space, incorrect installation of graphics card like ATI and Nvidia, incorrect configuration of xorg.conf file while setting up multiple monitors among others. If you are experiencing the "low-graphics mode" error when trying to login but none of the following answers work for you, please do ask a new question and then update the answers of this canonical question as and when your new question gets answered.   When I try to boot into my computer, I am getting this error:  The system is running in low-graphics mode Your screen, graphics cards, and input device settings could not be detected correctly. You will need to configure these yourself.   How do I fix the failsafe X mode and login into my computer?  Answer index:


Following are the results from Fisher-type unit-root test for RDI (dependent variable). How do you interpret it?   Based on Phillips-Perron tests:  Ho: All panels contain unit roots           Number of panels       =    100 Ha: At least one panel is stationary        Avg. number of periods =  10.74  AR parameter:    Panel-specific             Asymptotics: T -> Infinity Panel means:     Included Time trend:      Included Newey-West lags: 1 lag                                       Statistic               p-value  Inverse chi-squared(196)     P       207.1519                 0.2788 Inverse normal               Z        2.0005                  0.9773 Inverse logit t(389)         L*        0.5211                0.6987 Modified inv. chi-squared    Pm        0.5633                 0.2866  P statistic requires number of panels to be finite. Other statistics are suitable for finite or infinite number of panels.

As part of my master thesis, I'm performing several tests on panel data.  One of these is a Fisher-type unit-root test, which works well with an unbalanced panel.  I have performed the test, but I haven't managed to find an explanation of how to interpret the results.  This is the setup:   Fisher-type test Time-trend included Cross-sectional mean removed Variables are being lagged once   The code that makes this happen is:  . xtunitroot fisher beta, dfuller trend demean lags(1)   The output for variable beta is:  Fisher-type unit-root test for beta Based on augmented Dickey-Fuller tests  Ho: All panels contain unit roots           Number of panels  =      5 Ha: At least one panel is stationary        Number of periods =     61  AR parameter: Panel-specific                Asymptotics: T -> Infinity Panel means:  Included Time trend:   Included                      Cross-sectional means removed Drift term:   Not included                  ADF regressions: 1 lag  Statistic      p-value  Inverse chi-squared(10)   P        77.8047       0.0000 Inverse normal            Z        -7.2246       0.0000 Inverse logit t(29)       L*       -9.7556       0.0000 Modified inv. chi-squared Pm       15.1616       0.0000  P statistic requires number of panels to be finite. Other statistics are suitable for finite or infinite number of panels.   Questions:   Based on the results, does my data contain a unit-root, or is it stationary?  How do I know the confidence level at which I can accept/reject H0?


I'm connected to Pokémon Go on mobile data, it crashes so I reboot, but now it won't connect past 1/4 of the loading bar no matter how many times I close and reboot.  However if I turn on my wireless at this point and connect on a wireless router it connects immediately. I can then switch off the wireless connection and maintain the game on my mobile data again.

It connects to Pokemon Go via wi-fi perfectly fine, but when I try and connect to Pokemon Go via 3G it just gets stuck at the first bar on the loading screen with the eventual pop up saying "Failed to get player information from the server." My 3G connection works perfectly fine with every other app I have, and has been easily able to stream HD videos so I can't see connectivity with 3G being an issue.   It makes even less sense as once connected via wi-fi, the game easily continues to operate via mobile data once I leave the house. However once the app crashes (which it usually does after 15-30 minutes) I try to reload it on mobile data and it gets stuck on the loading screen. If I can find a local free wi-fi spot nearby I can re-connect easily, and then move back onto mobile data.  I've tried removing and reinstalling Pokemon Go and that didn't work. I also reset all my app preferences on my phone and that didn't work.  Not sure if this helps, my phone is a Huawei P8, Android version 5.0.1.  I signed up to Pokemon Go using my Google account.


How can I upload an image without page refresh; just using input type="file" to server. I'm using PHP to upload the file. I also need to insert markdown code with a URL to the image, like this: ![Image.](/url/to/image.png) to end of a textarea.   How can I do this? Maybe using JS?  Thanks in advance

I would like to upload a file asynchronously with jQuery.     $(document).ready(function () {     $("#uploadbutton").click(function () {         var filename = $("#file").val();          $.ajax({             type: "POST",             url: "addFile.do",             enctype: 'multipart/form-data',             data: {                 file: filename             },             success: function () {                 alert("Data Uploaded: ");             }         });     }); });  File <input type="file" id="file" name="file" size="10"/> <input id="uploadbutton" type="button" value="Upload"/>     Instead of the file being uploaded, I am only getting the filename. What can I do to fix this problem?


In general; if you see someone post a question which includes code, and you know there's a better/safer way to perform the same function, should you address their coding deficiency or just stick to answering the question they've posed?  I'm just thinking in terms of what SE stands for; a repository of coding questions and answers and NOT for specific questions geared towards one individual.  Addressing issues outside the question won't help future visitors as they'd never be looking in a question about, say, connection strings if their question relates to If/Then/Else loops.  The flip-side is, if it only takes you a minute to point out a better way to do something, then that person has learned more and will be more likely to return/stick around and join the community.  Just curious what the masses feel about this topic.

Recently I have been receiving down-votes because I do not correct the OP's answer to use "best practice." This has occurred on a few occasions regarding implicit or explicit syntax or deprecation of functions. For this question, I am specifically referring to  regarding deprecation of mysql_ functions.  In a question, the OP posts code that uses the mysql_ function and I post a correct (accepted) answer using those functions and inform the OP regarding the deprecation and alternatives. I would then receive a down-vote because I apparently have not sufficiently discouraged the OP's use of these functions.  Stack Overflow's  states:     Answer the question      Read the question carefully. What, specifically, is the question asking for? Make sure your answer provides that – or a viable alternative. The answer can be "don’t do that", but it should also include "try this instead". Any answer that gets the asker going in the right direction is helpful, but do try to mention any limitations, assumptions or simplifications in your answer. Brevity is acceptable, but fuller explanations are better.   Going off the Answer the question guidelines, I know that my answer provides exactly what the OP is asking as well as a "use this instead".   Stack Overflow's  states:     What is voting down?      Voting down, also known as "casting downvotes", is how the community indicates which questions and answers are least useful.      When should I vote down?      Use your downvotes whenever you encounter an egregiously sloppy, no-effort-expended post, or an answer that is clearly and perhaps dangerously incorrect.   Following the above guidelines, I don't feel my answers meet any of the criteria for voting down.  I certainly attribute down-votes with a negative connotation. I ask, to what degree should "best practice" affect down votes?


I woke up and suddenly wondered about the following: A polynomial of degree $n$ $a_n x^n + a_{n-1} x^{n-1} + \cdot\cdot\cdot + a_{n-n} x^{n-n}$ can be written as $a_n x^n + g(x)$ where $g(x)$ is a polynomial of degree $n-1$. Then I was thinking that for every $g(x)$ has a unique set of roots with respect to their values and multiplicities - is this true?  So for instance consider a polynomial of degree $2$: $x^2 + a_1 x + a_0$ which can be written as $x^2 + g(x)$ where $h(x) = a_1 x + a_0$. Then every unique combination of $a_1$ and $a_0$ in $g(x)$ will give a unique set of roots in terms of values and multiplicities.   An example of this is $x^2 + 5x + 4$ (with $a_2 = 1$) - this polynomial has the roots $-4$ and $-1$, both with a multiplicity of $1$. Thus, for this $a_2$, only $g(x) = 5x + 4$ will give this set of roots. Only for a different $a_n$ a different $g(x)$ may yield this set of roots. I mean after all, any polynomial of degree $2$ can be written as $a_2(x - r_1)(x - r_2)$.  This is all something that I think could be true. So can any of you smart guys out there tell me if I am right and if so, might explain why this holds - that the set of roots with respect to their values and multiplicities are unique for each $g(x)$?


I went through the compiz manager and installed utility, but it still is not working, no Panel or Launcher are shown even after restarting.

When I login, nothing happens.   I am presented with my desktop wallpaper.    No Dash, no Launcher, nothing.


Is it true that a sequence $ f_n \to f $ of measurable functions is bounded by a norm of $ L^p $ then $ f_n $ converges to f in $ L^p $?  Is this true? If so, prove, if not, a counter example.  I just know that $ || f_n ||_{p}  <M $ and that $\forall$ $\epsilon>0$  $\exists N_0 $ such that $\forall n>N_0  \Rightarrow |f_n -f |< \epsilon $  How to use this to show that  $\lim_{n \to \infty} ||f_n - f ||_{p} =0 $

I'm having a little trouble with this homework problem:     Suppose $\mu(X)<\infty$, $f_n\in L^1$, $f_n\to f$ a.e., and there exists $p>1$ and a constant $C>0$ such that $$\|f_n\|_p\leq C$$ for all $n.$ Prove that $f_n\to f$ in $L^p$.   Here's what I've done so far.  Without loss of generality, suppose that $\mu(X)=1$. Since $\|f_n\|_p\leq C$, we have that $f_n\in L^p$ for all $n$. Furthermore, since $|f_n|^p\to |f|^p$, we have that $$\int |f|^p\leq \liminf \int|f_n|^p\leq C^p$$ by Fatou's lemma, so $f\in L^p$ as well.    Since $|f_n- f|\to 0$, we have that $|f_n-f|^p\to 0$.   I am thinking of applying the Dominated convergence theorem to $|f_n-f|^p$, but I cannot think of a bound.


The books make it clear that they offer the reverse service (see the following question: ). According to the canonical answer to that question,  Q: When people trade in Muggle money for Wizard money, what does Gringotts do with the Muggle money? JKR: Those goblins are sneaky people. They manage to put the Muggle money back into circulation. They are like "fences" --British slang, do you understand it? (src: America Online chat with JKR transcript, AOL.com, 19 October 2000)  The answer also makes reference to a comment by  Dharini Chandrasekaran:  Just speculation, but squibs who go out into the muggle world to work will need Muggle money and also wizards might need it while doing Muggle studies research or trying to remain under cover, so I guess they keep it for reverse exchange.  This seems entirely reasonable speculation. Nevertheless, I don't recall any example in the books of converting Galleons to British pounds or other forms of Muggle currency. Does anyone have a more canonical source than speculation that indicates that this happens? At one point in the books, Harry seems to overlook or ignore the possibility:  Stored in an underground vault at Gringotts in London was a small fortune that his parents had left him. Of course, it was only in the wizarding world that he had money; you couldn’t use Galleons, Sickles, and Knuts in Muggle shops. He had never mentioned his Gringotts bank account to the Dursleys; he didn’t think their horror of anything connected with magic would stretch to a large pile of gold. (CoS, Ch4, "At Flourish and Blotts"*)  (This passage was brought to my attention by DVK's answer here: ) But maybe he's just worried that if he converts some gold to Muggle money and tries to spend it, it will look suspicious if either Muggle authorities or the Dursleys find out. Economically, I can't see any reason why they wouldn't offer this service. Galleons clearly have value, so the goblins should have no problem accepting them. They get some Muggle money from exchanges, and they seem resourceful enough to be able to obtain it in other ways if need be. Converting wealth in the Wizarding world to wealth in the Muggle world is also the subject of the following question: . However, I don't see an answer to my question there. One issue brought up is inflation of Muggle currencies, but as long as the goblins aren't printing Muggle money, I don't see why this would be a problem. There is also speculation that the Ministry of Magic doesn't want wizards to become suspiciously wealthy in the Muggle world. Even if those answers are right, however, that doesn't answer my question. Gringotts could just restrict the amount of money that it will convert for a single person in a certain amount of time. (In case it wasn't clear enough in previous versions of this question: I think that they do, but I wanted an answer that relies on more than speculation. Evidence could come from the books, direct or indirect, or from outside sources like author interviews, stuff like that. Economics in Harry Potter doesn't always seem to work the way I'd expect it to based purely on logic.)

‘But you’re Muggles!’ said Mr Weasley delightedly. ‘We must have a drink! What’s that you’ve got there? Oh, you’re changing Muggle money. Molly, look!’ He pointed excitedly at the ten-pound notes in Mr Granger’s hand.   Chamber of Secrets - page 47 - UK Hardcover - chapter 4, Flourish and Blotts   So Gringotts exchanges Muggle money for Wizarding money. What do the Goblins do with the Muggle money after the exchange has been made? Is it possible they keep a stash of Muggle money on hand for reverse exchange purposes, or do they surreptitiously feed the money back into the Muggle economy?  What do Goblins do with Muggle money?


In Windows 7, I would like to keep the thumbnail preview of an application in the taskbar open even when the mouse is not hovering over the icon in the taskbar. Is this possible and if so, how? Like Windows Media Player had a popup from the taskbar, but for other applications.

Let's say I have a video running in an application.  If I hover my mouse over the taskbar, it shows a little popup windows that diplays the video  (aero peek).  Sometimes I'm running a maximized window and I want to have this little screen always popped up.  (Kind've like when your using the TV Guide menu, you still see a little clip of the video)


I have implemented the code from  but am still having trouble running my document.  Code example:  \documentclass[helvetica,english,logo,notitle,totpages,utf8]{europecv2013} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[a4paper,top=1.2cm,left=1.2cm,right=1.2cm,bottom=2.5cm]{geometry} \usepackage[italian]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}  \ecvname{Name } \ecvaddress{House No } \ecvtelephone[+00000000]{+00000000} \ecvemail{abd@gmail.com} \ecvlinkedin{\href{http://ae.linkedin.com/pub/abc}{ae.linkedin.com/pub/abc /32/2aa/a83/}} \ecvgender{Male} \ecvnationality{name of country} \ecvdateofbirth{21 January 1974} \ecvbeforepicture{\ecvspace{-0.8cm}} \ecvpicture[height=3.5cm, width=3cm]{abc } %\ecvafterpicture{\ecvspace{4.0cm}}  \ecvfootnote{Â© European Union, 2002-2013 |    http://europass.cedefop.europa.eu} %\ecvbeforepicture{\raggedleft} %\ecvpicture[width=2.5cm]{fototessera} %\ecvafterpicture{\ecvspace{-37mm}}  \begin{document} \selectlanguage{english}  \begin{europecv} \ecvpersonalinfo[10pt]  \ecvposition{Job applied for}{ }  \ecvsection{Work experience}   \ecvworkexperience{September 2009 -- September 2012}{ Research  Assistant}{Abc University}{city}{}   %\ecvworkexperience{March 2002 -- July 2002}{Internship}{European Commission, Youth Unit, DG Education and Culture}{}   %\ecvworkexperience{October 2001 â€“ February 2002}{Researcher / Independent Consultant}{Council of Europe, Budapest (Hungary)}{}{}   \ecvsection{Education and training}   \ecveducation{2005 -- 2008}{Master of Science }{Abc University,City }{Thesis Title: }{}   \ecveducation{2001 -- 2005}{Bachelor of Science }{Abc City}{Studies focused }{}   \ecvsection{Thesis Abstract}  \ecvitem{Thesis Abstract:}{The thesis describes}   \ecvsection{Research Interest}  \ecveducation{}{}{ Computational Fluid Dynamics}{}{}   \ecvsection{Personal skills}   \ecvmothertongue[20pt]{English, German}  \ecvlanguageheader  \ecvlanguage{English}{C1}{C2}{C1}{C2}{C1}  %\ecvlastlanguage{German}{A2}{A2}{A2}{A2}{A2}  \ecvlanguagefooter[10pt]   %\ecvitem[10pt]{Communication skills}{}    \ecvitem[10pt]{Computer skills}{\LaTeX, Tikz, jPicEdt, Matlab, Mathematica, C/C++, \LaTeX Draw, Mayura Draw, MS Office.}   \ecvitem[10pt]{Hobbies}{ Chess, Movies, Photography, Watching Sports Channels}    %\ecvitem[10pt]{Other skills}{Creating pieces of Art and visiting Modern Art galleries. Enjoy all sports particularly cricket, hockey and football. Love to travel and experience different cultures.}    %\ecvitem[10pt]{Driving licence}{A, B}      %\ecvsection{ADDITIONAL INFORMATION}      %    %\ecvitem{Publications}{`How to do Observations: Borrowing techniques from the Social Sciences to help Participants do Observations in Simulation Exercises' Coyote EU/CoE Partnership Publication, (2002).}     \end{europecv}    \end{document}   When I run the document, I receive the error LaTeX Error: File 'skype' not found.  How can I fix it?

How to add the Skype ICON in Euro-pass CV?    \documentclass[helvetica,english,logo,notitle,totpages,utf8]{europecv2013}  \usepackage{graphicx}  \usepackage[a4paper,top=1.2cm,left=1.2cm,right=1.2cm,bottom=2.5cm]{geometry}  \usepackage[italian]{babel}  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}   \ecvname{Name }  \ecvaddress{House No }  \ecvtelephone[+00000000]{+00000000}  \ecvemail{abd@gmail.com}  \ecvlinkedin{\href{http://ae.linkedin.com/pub/abc}{ae.linkedin.com/pub/abc /32/2aa/a83/}}  \ecvgender{Male}  \ecvnationality{name of country}  \ecvdateofbirth{21 January 1974}  \ecvbeforepicture{\ecvspace{-0.8cm}}  \ecvpicture[height=3.5cm, width=3cm]{abc } %\ecvafterpicture{\ecvspace{4.0cm}}   \ecvfootnote{Â© European Union, 2002-2013 | http://europass.cedefop.europa.eu}  %\ecvbeforepicture{\raggedleft}  %\ecvpicture[width=2.5cm]{fototessera}  %\ecvafterpicture{\ecvspace{-37mm}}  \begin{document} \selectlanguage{english}  \begin{europecv} \ecvpersonalinfo[10pt]  \ecvposition{Job applied for}{ }  \ecvsection{Work experience}  \ecvworkexperience{September 2009 -- September 2012}{ Research  Assistant}{Abc University}{city}{}  %\ecvworkexperience{March 2002 -- July 2002}{Internship}{European Commission, Youth Unit, DG Education and Culture}{}   %\ecvworkexperience{October 2001 â€“ February 2002}{Researcher / Independent Consultant}{Council of Europe, Budapest (Hungary)}{}{}    \ecvsection{Education and training}      \ecveducation{2005 -- 2008}{Master of Science }{Abc University,City }{Thesis Title: }{}    \ecveducation{2001 -- 2005}{Bachelor of Science }{Abc City}{Studies focused }{}   \ecvsection{Thesis Abstract}  \ecvitem{Thesis Abstract:}{The thesis describes}     \ecvsection{Research Interest}   \ecveducation{}{}{ Computational Fluid Dynamics}{}{}   \ecvsection{Personal skills}    \ecvmothertongue[20pt]{English, German}   \ecvlanguageheader   \ecvlanguage{English}{C1}{C2}{C1}{C2}{C1}   %\ecvlastlanguage{German}{A2}{A2}{A2}{A2}{A2}   \ecvlanguagefooter[10pt]    %\ecvitem[10pt]{Communication skills}{}       \ecvitem[10pt]{Computer skills}{\LaTeX, Tikz, jPicEdt, Matlab, Mathematica, C/C++, \LaTeX Draw, Mayura Draw, MS Office.}       \ecvitem[10pt]{Hobbies}{ Chess, Movies, Photography, Watching Sports Channels}        %\ecvitem[10pt]{Other skills}{Creating pieces of Art and visiting Modern Art galleries. Enjoy all sports particularly cricket, hockey and football. Love to travel and experience different cultures.}        %\ecvitem[10pt]{Driving licence}{A, B}          %\ecvsection{ADDITIONAL INFORMATION}          %        %\ecvitem{Publications}{`How to do Observations: Borrowing techniques from the Social Sciences to help Participants do Observations in Simulation Exercises' Coyote EU/CoE Partnership Publication, (2002).}        \end{europecv}        \end{document}


I heard that gnome 3.10 will be available in Ubuntu 14.04 but when I looked in the software centre gnome 3.8 was offered.Is there a way to install gnome 3.10 without adding ppa in Trusty?  Edit  I tried installing through the terminal and gnome 3.10 was installed (gnome shell and desktop).I cheked inside the software centre and gnome wasn't marked as installed.

I just finished installing Ubuntu 14.04 and Gnome Shell sudo apt-get install gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop, however when I checked what version has been installed I read 3.9.90: is this correct?   Isn't Ubuntu 14.04 supposed to ship with gnome 3.10 at least? What am I missing?


I have this group $$G= \left\{ A = (a_1 ,a_2,a_3) \in GL_3(\mathbb{C}) :a_i \in \left\{\pm  \pmatrix{1 \\ 0\\ 0} , \pm  \pmatrix{0 \\ 1\\ 0} , \pm  \pmatrix{0 \\ 0\\ 1} \right\} \right\}.$$ I know that This group is an product of cyclic group (-+1) with S3, so while I'm checking the conjugacy classes to this group, I got stuck of found the number of the elements in the classes that map to elements of order 2 ,their conjugate must be $\left(\begin{array}{ccc}0&*&0\\*&0&0\\0&0&*\\ \end{array}\right)$ the determinant is + or - 1, I know the order of the elements is 2 or 4, and there’s  4 classes from this kind of map, but I get stuck of found the number of the elements of the 4 classes how can I found it, I thought that I must have for least 8 elements but its wrong I’ll be thankful for help.

I want to find the conjugacy classes of this group: $$G=\{(a_1,a_2,a_3):a_i=\pm e_j\}\subset GL_3(\mathbb C)$$ I know that $S_3$ is one of the subgroups of this group, so I can check which elements of $S_3$ continues to be conjugate in our group, I know that in $Z(G)$ there is two elements $I,-I$. I know that I have to check the diagonal matrices on which ones are conjugate, but I don't know how to finish and find the others conjugacy class of this group, and I don't Know how to find the number of the elements of the conjugacy class. I'll be thankful for help


What sort of images produce least noise?

What kinds of effects are present in digital images that are referred to as "noise"?    What are the different sources of noise?  What causes each type of noise? What are the characteristics of the different types of noise? How do the different types of noise visually manifest in the image? (i.e., do different kinds of noise "look different" is the resulting image, and how would they differ to the eye?) How can you minimize each type? What different post-processing techniques are most appropriate for each different kind?


good morning  I am trying tu use my huawei e3372h modem on my xubuntu 14.04 but it wont work. xubuntu recognise the modem as an usb flash memory. i really need some help  thanks

I have a problem with Huawei E3272 modem. Ubuntu 14.04 does not detect it as a mobile broadband modem. If I put my SIM card into my old modem(E3131) everything works, E3272 is just not detected. I have checked lsusb, and here I can see the system detects it as  12d1:14fe Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.  but I cannot choose it in my Network Connections.  I tried adding usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x14fe in /etc/modules, but it did not change anything. The same goes for adding   # Huawei E3272  ATTR{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTR{idProduct}=="157c", RUN +="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"  in /lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules. I also tried installing Modem Manager, but it did not help.  Have you got any idea what could I do, so my system would detect my new modem? I would like to be able to use LTE. :)


Consider the Bayesian posterior $\theta\mid X$. Asymptotically, its maximum occurs at the MLE estimate $\hat \theta$, which just maximizes the likelihood $\operatorname{argmin}_\theta\, f_\theta(X)$.  All these concepts—Bayesian priors, maximizing the likelihood—sound super principled and not at all arbitrary. There’s not a log in sight.  Yet MLE minimizes the KL divergence between the real distribution $\tilde f$ and $f_\theta(x)$, i.e., it minimizes  $$ KL(\tilde f \parallel f_\theta)  = \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \tilde f(x) \left[ \log \tilde f(x) - \log f_\theta(x) \right] \, dx $$  Woah—where did these logs come from? Why KL divergence in particular?  Why, for example, does minimizing a different divergence not correspond to the super principled and motivated concepts of Bayesian posteriors and maximizing likelihood above?  There seems to be something special about KL divergence and/or logs in this context. Of course, we can throw our hands in the air and say that’s just how the math is. But I suspect there might be some deeper intuition or connections to uncover.

I have learned about the intuition behind the KL Divergence as how much a model distribution function differs from the theoretical/true distribution of the data. The source I am reading goes on to say that the intuitive understanding of 'distance' between these two distributions is helpful, but should not be taken literally because for two distributions $P$ and $Q$, the KL Divergence is not symmetric in $P$ and $Q$.   I am not sure how to understand the last statement, or is this where the intuition of 'distance' breaks down?   I would appreciate a simple, but insightful example.


I wanted to fix my old laptop and for some reason I thought it would be okay to install a  onto my external hard drive. After installing it, I was unable to see all of the files I had on there. I was wondering if there is any way to reverse this or recover my files. It's a 2TB WD Elements Hard Drive and was nowhere near to full yet. I have included an image below of what it looks like on explorer.   Any help or direction would be appreciated, thank you in advance!

What steps can I take to try to recover lost or inaccessible data from any storage device?  Answers:   This applies to any computer storage device, e.g. internal/external hard drives, USB sticks, flash memory. The most important thing is to STOP using it, any type of I/O can ruin your chances of a recovery.     We have separate questions covering common problems with USB flash drives in greater detail:


I entered sudo su and I am root now. Is it because my files are on NTFS partition? Despite any numbers I enter the file permission is 777  chmod 644 index.php

I have a script that I need to execute on an NTFS partition. The script's permission is set to 600.  I attempted to modify the permissions by running chmod 755 script.sh, which doesn't report a failure or anything - but it also doesn't change the permissions on the file:  $ stat script.sh    File: `script.sh'   Size: 297070      Blocks: 584        IO Block: 4096   regular file Device: 811h/2065d  Inode: 35515       Links: 1 Access: (0600/-rw-------)  Uid: ( 1000/  xxxxxx)   Gid: ( 1000/  xxxxxx) Access: 2010-09-30 14:05:16.041621000 -0700 Modify: 2010-09-30 14:05:05.070157000 -0700 Change: 2010-09-30 14:05:05.070475000 -0700  $ chmod 755 script.sh $ stat script.sh    File: `script.sh'   Size: 297070      Blocks: 584        IO Block: 4096   regular file Device: 811h/2065d  Inode: 35515       Links: 1 Access: (0600/-rw-------)  Uid: ( 1000/  xxxxxx)   Gid: ( 1000/  xxxxxx) Access: 2010-09-30 14:05:16.041621000 -0700 Modify: 2010-09-30 14:05:05.070157000 -0700 Change: 2010-09-30 14:05:05.070475000 -0700   As you can see, it remains unchanged.


I have 2 table is USER and USER_CUSTOMER and I want to write a insert query in DAO class to create a new user but don't know how.    Anyone have a good idea or have a link to solve this problem please help

My database contains three tables called Object_Table, Data_Table and Link_Table. The link table just contains two columns, the identity of an object record and an identity of a data record.  I want to copy the data from DATA_TABLE where it is linked to one given object identity and insert corresponding records into Data_Table and Link_Table for a different given object identity.  I can do this by selecting into a table variable and the looping through doing two inserts for each iteration.  Is this the best way to do it?  Edit : I want to avoid a loop for two reason, the first is that I'm lazy and a loop/temp table requires more code, more code means more places to make a mistake and the second reason is a concern about performance.  I can copy all the data in one insert but how do get the link table to link to the new data records where each record has a new id?


I'm trying to prove  $$ \sum_{i=1}^n i.i! = (n+1)!-1 $$ with mathematical induction. The first step I did after prove it for 1 was: $$ \sum_{i=1}^{n+1} i.i! = (n+2)!-1= (n+2).(n+1)!-1 $$ but I can't do anything more.

Prove: $\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^n k k!=(n+1)!-1$ (preferably combinatorially)   It's pretty easy to think of a story for the RHS: arrange $n+1$ people in a row and remove the the option of everyone arranged to height from shortest to highest, but it doesn't hold up for the LHS.   Alternatively, trying to visualize the LHS, I noticed that it's like a right angle tetrahedra:  1  2!+2!  3!+3!+3!  ...  But it doesn't help to see a connection to the RHS.  Note: no integrals or gamma function nor use of other identities without proving them nor generating functions.


I've been pondering a lot about this whole citation business. Does anyone here have ideas on how one would measure the quality of different citations? Objective answers only, of course.

Whether we like it or not, modern academia is increasingly being measured, in some vain attempt to get objective measures.  Although it is unwise to fight 'being measured', it is at least possible to steer the measures away from meaningless ones, backed by peer-reviewed research that establishes this unrefutably.  There are a lot of different metrics that have been defined - I am not looking for those.  What I want is pointers to the research behind the scientific validity of those metrics.  So the question is: where should I look for scientific assessments of bibliometrics?


I have requirement where users need to send document to SharePoint library by using an email id. please let me know is it possible to achieve. For On premise we can use email enabled libraries but i am not able to find option for SharePoint office 365. What are the alternatives we have in order to achieve this functionality

I have setup a IT ticketing system in SP (hosted via office 365) and I wanted to make it easier for my employees to send me tickets (sp mobile isn't very friendly)   Is there a way to have an email address that will enter items into a list in SharePoint?


Let $H\lhd G$ and $K\lhd G$ s.t. $H\cap K=\{1\}$. Show that $$HK\cong H\times K.$$  Attempts  Using second isomorphism theorem, we have that $HK/K\cong H$ and $HK/H\cong K$, so I need to prove that $$HK\cong HK/K\times HK/H.$$  To simplify notatino let $W=HK$. I consider the group morphism $$W\longrightarrow W/H\times W/K$$ defined by $$w\longmapsto (wH,wK).$$ The injectivity is clear, but I have problem to show surjectivity. Could someone help ?

Let $G$ a group with normal subgroups $M,N$ such that $M\cap N=\{e\}$.   i) Show that for every $m\in M$ and for every $n\in N$, $mn=nm$.   ii) If $G$ is generated by $M\cup N$ then $G\cong M \times N$.   This is an homework question for abstract algebra. I think I can prove $i)$. But I have no idea how to prove $ii)$. Can anybody give me a hint for this one ?    Here my proof for i): Let $n \in N$ and let $m\in M$. Let $x=mnm^{-1}n^{-1}$. As $N$ is normal subgroup, $mnm^{-1} \in N$. Therefore $x \in N$.  As $M$ is normal subgroup , $nmn^{-1} \in M$. Since $m\in M$, then $x=m(nm^{-1}n^{-1})\in M$. This implies that $c\in M \cap N$, then $c\in \{e\}$, then $c=e$, and we get $mn=nm$.


I often use tethering to connect my Win8 laptop to the internet through my smartphone, but I'm worried of the amount of background data transferred for software updates. Is it possible to limit the background data, even if Windows reports the connection as WiFi?

I would like to set a network connection as metered. I can't find how to do this; it seems to have changed in the upgrade from Windows 8 to 8.1.  I tried following the steps in . However, when I open the connection, there is no Data Usage heading nor a Set as a metered connection option. I tried this on two different computers, both running Windows 8.1. I also tried doing this for both wireless and ethernet adaptors.  Here's what the connection screen looks like. I've cropped the empty space from the image.   How can I set the connection to metered?


Consider the following: $$ e^{2 \pi i} = 1 $$  $$ \left(e^{2 \pi i}\right)^i = 1^i $$  $$ e^{2 \pi i^2} = 1 $$  $$ e^{-2 \pi} = 1 $$  but calculator tells me that: $\quad e^{-2 \pi} = 0.0018674427317...$  Can anyone explain what is going on?

Here's my (obviously flawed) proof that $1=e^{-2 \pi}$: $$ 1^i=1\\ e^{2 \pi i} = 1\\ \left(e^{2\pi i}\right)^i = 1^i\\ e^{-2 \pi} = 1 $$  What's the issue? I understand that exponentiation is not injective (and thus $-1 \neq 1$ even though $(-1)^2 = 1^2$), but I don't think that's an issue here: I'm only raising things to the power of $i$, which I don't think is multi-valued.


(I will ask this question in musical terms, but this seems to be related to projecting integer vectors onto each other, which I'm unfamiliar with. Perhaps I'm just looking for some existing notation that I'm not aware of, I'm not completely sure.) I'm given a music interval, e.g. a minor 6th which I'll write as $[\text{m}6]$.  Each interval can be uniquely expressed as a linear (integer) combination of fifths and octaves, e.g $[\text{m}6] = -4[5] + 3[8]$. (Note that $[5]$ and $[8]$ are linearly independent: there is no (integer) linear combination of them that equals to zero, that is, the unison / perfect prime interval $[1]$.) My question is: How can that integer $-4$ be expressed in terms of $[\text{m}6]$, $[5]$, and $[8]$?

I want to find a set of integer solutions of Diophantine equation: $ax + by = c$, and apparently $\gcd(a,b)|c$. Then by what formula can I use to find $x$ and $y$ ?   I tried to play around with it: $x = (c - by)/a$, hence $a|(c - by)$.     $a$, $c$ and $b$ are known. So to obtain integer solution for $a$, then $c - by = ak$, and I lost from here, because $y = (c - ak)/b$. I kept repeating this routine and could not find a way to get rid of it? Any hint?  Thanks, Chan


I would like to create a String.replaceAll() method in JavaScript and I'm thinking that using a regex would be most terse way to do it.  However, I can't figure out how to pass a variable in to a regex.  I can do this already which will replace all the instances of "B" with "A".  "ABABAB".replace(/B/g, "A");   But I want to do something like this:  String.prototype.replaceAll = function(replaceThis, withThis) {     this.replace(/replaceThis/g, withThis); };   But obviously this will only replace the text "replaceThis"...so how do I pass this variable in to my regex string?


Ubuntu 16.04 How to install rsync server for other systems to access via ssh using cron  Setup:  system "prime" with Ubuntu 16.04 and a second hard drive just for backups.  /dev/sdb1 is mounted at /mnt via using blkid to get the uuid then adding a line to /etc/fstab  I created a subdirectory named /mnt/full/prime for the first backup, of the prime boot SSD contents.  --> Running the command:  sudo rsync -aAXv / --delete --ignore-errors --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} /mnt/full/prime   does indeed make a nice mirror copy of the root file system into that directory /mnt/full/prime  It is totally cool - like Robocopy with the /MIR option - it only transfers changes so runs a lot faster after the files have been copied the first time.    Now, to set it up for others to access, I found this article    It says to run the following command:  sudo apt-get install ssh rsync   it installed normally. --EDIT:  This turns out to be unnecesary. --END EDIT--  All of my systems have the passwordless login set up in both directions.  ssh-keygen ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub <target-system>   and I have no problem with passwordless scp copies and ssh.  So I then created a subdirectory under mnt/full for my next system "solar" - /mnt/full/solar and using ssh into the Raspbian system "solar" I issued the same rsync command but with the target directory being pi@prime:/mnt/full/solar  mkdir /mnt/full/solar ssh solar sudo rsync -aAXv / --delete --ignore-errors --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} pi@prime:/mnt/full/solar   but it prompted me for the password to pi@prime - rsync does not respect the normal passwordless login setup.  Once I entered the password the copy proceeded normally.  So now all seems well except this won't work as a daily cron job if it is going to prompt for a password.  The question is in the title: Ubuntu 16.04 rsync via ssh prompts me for password, how to make it a cron job?

Hi there is a bunch of videos and resources on how to rsync locally rsync /home/user1 /home/user2/backup, but i haven't found any tutorials on rsync crontab to another server  pretty much, i use crontab -e and i have a script i run from rsynch.sh  #!/bin/bash rsync -xza /home/willchap  willchap@server02:/home/willchap/backup   it will work fine without crontab, the problem is, i am guessing crontab fails because it is asking for a password  what are my options here?


My major is physics. I need to use some tools in group theory, but I am really  confused by the trace in compact infinite groups. The following is my question:  In discrete group theory, the irreducible representation of identity group element $e$ is always an identity matrix. So the trace of $e$ under  regular representation is the order of the group : $\chi(e) = |G|$. I hope to get  similar result for Lie group. For example, SO(2) has infinite number of irreducible representations, $D^{(m)}$, where $m=0,\pm 1, \pm 2,\cdots $. All of them are 1-dimensional $D^{(m)} = e^{im\phi}$. Here $\phi$ is the rotation angle. For element $R(\phi)$ in SO(2), the trace in $m$th irreducible representation should be  $\chi(R(\phi))=e^{im\phi}$, if we sum all these traces up, we get the trace in regular representation. So what is the trace of $e$ in the regular representation ? It seems to be infinite.


Could you tell me if this all right. And how is the best way to go backwards? it is by cases?  Thanks.  Sorry is not in latex, but I´m just learning.

Under what conditions on the sets $A$ and $B$ will it be true that $A\times B= B\times A$?   I think it should be set $A$ $=$ set $B$ but don't know how to prove it or is there any other way for those two cross product to be true?


My institution which I'm responsible to obey their writing rules for my PhD dissertation does not have any LaTeX templates and they insist on their weird MS Word template. They do not accept the text I've written with LaTeX. Even though i have tried to imitate the Word template which they provided and i have achieved desired properties in  most of the text a fair amount of issue still remains. One big issue for me is; they want me to put a specific little title on the page number column of table of contents. Do you have any idea how to achieve this?

Currently, this code generates pages that look something like:    First thing.................i   Second thing...............ii 1 First Big Chapter...........1   and so forth, which is fine except that I need the word "page" above the right-hand column:                             Page   First thing.................i   Second thing...............ii 1 First Big Chapter...........1   I need this "Page" heading on the Table of Contents, List of Figures and List of Tables.  UPDATE:  After my previous attempts at adding \hfill Page into the \tableofcontents macro in , I tried a new approach based on  . It's pretty close, but there's one problem: The bibliography now has a "Page" header too! I've tried using the TeX \newif and friends to make it go away, but no dice.


The dimensions of my hand baggage are 59cm x 36cm x 19cm. The width and length are OK, but the height is 4 cm too big (it's 59, but should be under 55). I have heard people say that height is the least important since the boxes they use to measure the bags have an open top.  So I'm wondering if I should just buy a new baggage and not risk it, or do you think they won't fine me?

I know that this question could sound a little bit dumb since Ryanair always sends lot of emails specifying the dimensions of the allowed hand luggage but I am not interested in the "formal" answer but in the "informal" one.  In every airport where Ryanair flies there is a blue box (baggage sizer) where you and the airport staff can put your hand luggage to test if it can be accepted on board. What I would like to know is the dimension of that box (which is of course bigger than the allowed size).  I've been a pretty frequent Ryanair flyer (one flight per month) and I always used the same luggage which was ok for the old box even if bigger than the allowed size.   Few weeks ago Ryanair introduced the possibility to bring a second hand luggage on board. In doing so they also changed the dimensions of the blue box which now has two compartments (one for the main hand luggage, still bigger than the allowed size, and one for the small one).  My old luggage doesn't fit anymore in the new boxes so I guess I'll have to buy a new one, hence the need to know how far can I go with the size of the luggage.


I have following table,  ---------------------------------------- |person_id   date        pstatus    px1 | ----------------------------------------    1         29|6|2016     null      089E    1         27|6|2016     Died      null    2         29|6|2016     null      DFWE    2         27|6|2016     null      WEWE    3         29|6|2016     Died      null   From the above table, I need to get following output. If "pstatus" is not null I need to fetch that record corresponding to each person_id, if pstatus null , need to fetch record with latest date.  ---------------------------------------- |person_id   date        pstatus    px1 | ----------------------------------------     1         27|6|2016     Died      null    2         29|6|2016     null      DFWE    3         29|6|2016     Died      null

Table:   UserId, Value, Date.   I want to get the UserId, Value for the max(Date) for each UserId. That is, the Value for each UserId that has the latest date. Is there a way to do this simply in SQL? (Preferably Oracle)  Update: Apologies for any ambiguity: I need to get ALL the UserIds. But for each UserId, only that row where that user has the latest date.


After the switchover, I tried to post a bug report for Android from my tablet. I selected meta.stackexchange.com, and could see my earlier posts on meta.SO. I tried to ask an new question, and was informed that I have to join. OK, tried to join, was told I was already a member.

On the Android app, when I click to add a comment, I'm prompted to join MSE. Clicking Join gives me an error message that I'm already a member. Further, MSE does not show in the list of sites when I create a new question.    Also, no tags are showing when I type them in to a new question on MSO, in the search results. Typing them manually and clicking Done results in them being removed, preventing me from asking a question.


I currently use the circuit below to power the OUT output when the signal is high (5V). I have a problem related to the size of the circuit, using a relay takes up a huge space. With this I would like to know if anyone has any idea of circuit with the same logic however using MOSFET or BJT. The current OUT consumes is 3A. Signal when it is high has 5V and when it is low it has 0V.         – Schematic created using

I have this working         – Schematic created using   An Arduino commute both relays and a power adapter charge each battery at a time.  I would like to replace each relay by a MOSFET. How can I do that?  I think the solution bellow will not work because DRAIN is always connected to SOURCE and this will short circuit batteries. MOSFETS only isolate from SOURCE to DRAIN.  When the D9 is HIGH, D10 will be LOW so the power adapter will never be charging both batteries simultaneously.          Sorry for the messy schematic.  Thank you very much.