I have cited authors whose first or last names start with the capital i in Turkish \.{I}in the BibTeX file. I am using spbasic.bst and natbib  BibTeX produced .bbl file with \{I} instead of \.{I}. With other style files I have used I never had this problem. This does not occur with say \c{S} in the author names.  Here is a bibtex entry  @inproceedings{aycse2011,   title={Extraction of semantic word relations in {Turkish} from dictionary definitions},   author={Ay{\c{s}}e {\c{S}}erbet{\c{c}}i and Zeynep Orhan and  {\.{I}}lknur Pehlivan},   booktitle={Proceedings of the ACL 2011 Workshop on Relational Models of Semantics},   pages={11--18},   year={2011},   organization={Association for Computational Linguistics} }   If I use {\.I} it produces  "i", If I use {\.{I}} as above, it  does not even go through pdflatex (the . is eaten by bibtex somewhere along the way)  as in   \bibitem[{{\c{S}}erbet{\c{c}}i et~al(2011){\c{S}}erbet{\c{c}}i, Orhan, and   Pehlivan}]{aycse2011} {\c{S}}erbet{\c{c}}i A, Orhan Z, Pehlivan {\I} (2011) Extraction of semantic   word relations in {Turkish} from dictionary definitions. In: Proceedings of   the ACL 2011 Workshop on Relational Models of Semantics, Association for   Computational Linguistics, pp 11--18   and I get  ! Extra }, or forgotten \endgroup. l.32 ...}erbet{\c{c}}i A, Orhan Z, Pehlivan {\{I}}                                                    (2011) Extraction of   I believe is specific to spbasic as I did not have a  problem with other bib styles I use frequently (e.g. acl.bst)  Any suggestions?

How to write in bibliography (package natbib) letter "a" with two dots above? Specially, I mean the word Birkhäuser.  Is there a general rule or way how to write such umlauts or other accented letters in bibliographies?


OK, win 7 is done, so I upgraded to win 10 on my HP6644Y desktop, (have win 10 on a laptop and am satisfied). After reading here about linux distro's I decided to try Ubuntu. downloaded it and supposedly set it up to dual boot with win 10. Computer booted into a ubuntu menu with choices for win 10, ok, I guess I can live with that. Decided I was not impressed with the ubuntu so I attempted to remove it. It would then only boot to a grub screen. Finally got the ubuntu restored. Now I want to restore or replace the win 10. My question is how do I do it?

I have absolutely no experience with Linux, and I desperately need to get my computer back up and running again with Windows.  How do I remove Ubuntu and reinstall Windows?    Editor's note: many of the answers are about removing Ubuntu from dual-boot but keeping Windows (which is a bit complicated), while other answers are about removing Ubuntu from single-boot (which is easy: basically just format the disk while installing Windows). The question as written is ambiguous between dual-boot or single-boot.


I lock my work iMac Pro every night, but sometimes when I get in the next morning music is leaking out of my headphones. I've discovered that the "unmute" and "play" keyboard buttons are still effective when the OS is locked. It would seem that the cleaner running a cloth over the keyboard "makes things happen" even when the machine should be locked.  Short of remembering to close any app that can play media before I lock the machine, can this be disabled? Ideally I'd like these keyboard shortcuts to do nothing while the machine is locked. It doesn't seem quite right that somebody can control my computer to some degree without logging in!

When playing music on iTunes or similar and then locking the screen (accomplished by hitting the ⌃⌘Q key combination or selecting "Lock Screen" from the  menu), how do I prevent the media keys from functioning?   In particular, the play, skip, and pause buttons are still functional at this point. This is problematic because I tend to lock my screen in order to prevent my cat from wreaking havoc on my laptop when she steps on the keys -- but she's still able to mess up my music via the above, usually…


Let $P = \text{span } \{ v_1, v_2\}$ be a plane in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with normal vector $n$, show that $\{v_1, v_2, n\}$ is a basis for $\mathbb{R}^3$   It must be that $\{v_1, v_2\}$ is linearly independent (LI) by def of a plane, thus $c_1v_1 + c_2v_2 = \overrightarrow{0}$ for $c_1 = c_2 = 0$.  It must follow that the coefficient of $n$ is 0?

Hints only     Let $P = \text{Span } \{v_1, v_2\}$ be a plane in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with normal vector $n$. Show that $\{ v_1, v_2, n\}$ is a basis for $\mathbb{R}^3$. Hints only   Equation for $P$: $P = c_1v_1 + c_2v_2$. For real $c_1, c_2$. We have by definition, $n = v_1 \times v_2$.  To make sure $\{ v_1, v_2, n\}$ is a basis for $\mathbb{R}^3$. we must have   Span $\{ v_1, v_2, n\}$  =  $\mathbb{R}^3$ $\{ v_1, v_2, n\}$ Linearly independent.   I am having major trouble showing (1).  Can I get a SMALL hint?  I am not allowed to use dimension.  Showing set is LI  By definition of a plane, $\{v_1, v_2 \}$ is linearly independent thus $\overrightarrow{0} \not \in \{v_1, v_2 \}$  So $c_1v_1 + c_2v_2 + 0 \overrightarrow{n} = 0$ Thus $\{v_1, v_2, n \}$ is LI.   The span part is confusing


The disk my server is on was full and Apache couldn't create logfiles anymore. I cleaned the disk and it has enough free disk space now, but still no logfiles are created. I tought to try restarting Apache (hoping that the issue would be solved by that, if somebody has some other bright idea, be welcome...), but that gave the following error messsage:  # /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k restart [Tue Jun 06 11:58:33 2017] [warn] NameVirtualHost *:443 has no VirtualHosts httpd not running, trying to start (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs   The "unable to open logs" is the reason I wanted to restart Apache, but it still isn't working... anybody have an idea what I could do?  Trying to solve the "make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80,", I tried   # /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k stop   This gives me this message ...   [Tue Jun 06 14:00:14 2017] [warn] NameVirtualHost *:443 has no VirtualHosts httpd (no pid file) not running   but when I try   # ps aux | grep apache   I get ...   apache1267  0.2  0.0  31816  7548 ?S13:53   0:01 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache1535  0.1  0.0  31520  7320 ?S13:54   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache1541  0.1  0.0  30224  6016 ?S13:54   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache1928  0.1  0.0  30744  6440 ?S13:56   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2075  0.2  0.0  31268  6732 ?S13:57   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2508  0.2  0.0  30624  6284 ?S14:00   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2693  0.3  0.0  30236  5724 ?S14:01   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2718  0.0  0.0  30368  5788 ?S14:01   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2722  0.0  0.0  30068  4968 ?S14:01   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2754  0.2  0.0  31272  6516 ?S14:02   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2780  0.1  0.0  30232  5688 ?S14:02   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2808  0.2  0.0  30496  6016 ?S14:02   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2903  0.0  0.0  29928  4748 ?S14:02   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2912  0.0  0.0  29792  3944 ?S14:03   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2915  0.0  0.0  29792  3772 ?S14:03   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start apache2916  0.0  0.0  29792  3772 ?S14:03   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start root  2921  0.0  0.0   3348   844 pts/0S+   14:03   0:00 grep apache root 18281  0.0  0.0  29792  5000 ?Ss   May29   0:21 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start

I installed Apache 2 on Ubuntu 12.10. When I try to start the service using sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start, I get the following message.  *Starting web server apache2 (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 127.0.0.1:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs Action 'start' failed. The Apache error log may have more information.                                 [fail]


(|) vertical bar & (<) smaller then is not registering on Ubuntu 18.04.03 server, instead it is showing (>) greater then symbol?    I have tried copy/paste also from "Notepad" or typing keys using virtual keyboard. But it is only registering (>) greater then symbol. Any solution please?

This question might sound silly, but I'm trying to install webmin on Ubuntu server and I need to execute this command:  wget -q http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -   but I'm unable to do it, because I cannot use the pipe symbol "|". I've tried every key from my keyboard, as well single key and combination Ctrl+key or Shift+key. I cannot copy paste as well, because Shift+Ctrl+V doesn't work neither (though I've enabled common buffer for my pc and virtual machine).  What else can I do here?


Sorry to bother you all. I'm no idea about regular expression. But right now I need one very badly. I want to split text using this format {{Text}}. The "Text" can be anything. All I need is split the text at the position of {{Text}}.   Here is a sample.  var Regx = My Regx; var String = "{{This}} is a {{test}} string to be {{spliced}} with {{Regular}} Expression";  var SplitArray = String.split(Regx); // it will give me an array like this // ["","is a ","string to be "," with"," Expression"]   Thank you in advance.  Edit: I solved it myself too. It is {{[^{}]+}}

Unfortunately, despite having tried to learn regex at least one time a year for as many years as I can remember, I always forget as I use them so infrequently. This year my new year's resolution is to not try and learn regex again - So this year to save me from tears I'll give it to Stack Overflow. (Last Christmas remix).  I want to pass in a string in this format {getThis}, and be returned the string getThis. Could anyone be of assistance in helping to stick to my new year's resolution?    Related questions on Stack Overflow:


The  represents the set of sites via an intriguing arrangement of squares of varying size and color when using the default "grid" view.  But a legend for the layout has not been found. ![enter image description here][1] [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/fw3tj.png A previous question here () established that the order is determined by the site creation date, shifted by the  as needed for the layout.  It also clarifies that the sizes are hard-coded based on some officially "fuzzy" relationship to site traffic and "Jin's whims".  Assuming this is a misspelling of Jinn / Djinn / Genie, I take this to be confirmation that magic is involved :) It prompts this follow-up question:  What determines the color of site boxes? When did the grid view make its debut? When will the legend be revealed in its proper place, for all to see?  Thanks to @BenLee for supplying the image that my title yearned for :)

I noticed that  has been changed, and by default sites are shown by balloons.  What is not clear to me is why some sites are shown with a bigger balloon than other sites. For example, WordPress Answers has less questions, answers and users than Programmers, but its balloon is bigger. What are the criteria used to show the sites on that page?


I am trying to make the infinity stones and I am struggling to make them glow.   since the solution involves creating a duplicate of the object scaling down and making it emit light. This ruins the transmission shading of the original object.  In  the films they emit a strong light from their cores. I want to animate them spinning in a circle so the glowing effect must be done in blender. I am currently using an hdr to light them. (using a gtx 960m chip so the less taxing the better).

I need to know how to make the buttons in my blender project look the same as in this photo. Mine all look pale, even with the emission material. Is there anyway I can get my buttons like this?


I'm trying to learn how AJAX interaction with jQuery works. So far I have always worked with multi-page applications and am not very good with JavaScript. To learn this, I'm creating a small project that implements CRUDs on a MySQL table asynchronously. I have created two jQuery functions that inject the 'index' and 'create' views into the page. The problem I have is that the main.js file does not listen to the events that occur in the injected part of the web page. This is the main html document:       <meta charset="utf-8">     <title>MySql AJAX CRUD</title>     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css">
MySQL CRUD
          <button id="create">Create</button>     <button id="index">Index</button>     <button id="store">Store</button>
         Content goes here...
                                 This is the 'main.js' file wich is inside a directory called 'js':     // Index     $('#index').click( function() {         $('#content').load("contents/index.php");     });          // Create     $('#create').click( function() {         $('#content').load("contents/create.html");     });      // Store     $('#store').click( function() {          alert('store function is working');    // Test          });  });  And this is the content 'create.html' i inject into the main html page:
Country name:
 <input type="text" id="countryName">

Short description:
 <input type="text" id="shortDesc">

Long Description:
 <input type="text" id="longDesc">

  <button id="store">Store</button>  If i click on the button on 'create.html' nothing happens. If i click on the button on 'index.html' the store function trigger. Can someone explain me why?

I have a bit of code where I am looping through all the select boxes on a page and binding a .hover event to them to do a bit of twiddling with their width on mouse on/off.  This happens on page ready and works just fine.  The problem I have is that any select boxes I add via Ajax or DOM after the initial loop won't have the event bound.  I have found this plugin (), but before I add another 5k to my pages with a plugin, I want to see if anyone knows a way to do this, either with jQuery directly or by another option.


I am practising for  a test that I have next week on proofs. I have tried to do this question using induction, but it is quite different to other induction questions I have done. Any guidance/walkthrough would be appreciated.

How would I answer a question like this? It is in a practise question for a test.


Is angular displacement has a direction as well ie is it a vector because angular velocity has a direction and it is defined as rate of change of angular displacement hence it must also be a vector .  Eg consider rotation about a fixed axis it has many similarity with linear one dimensional motion. Like work done by force is force times dx similarly here work done by torque is torque times angular displacenment and must be dot product of two vectors so am I correct is angular displacement a vector as well along the axis of rotation  It isn't according to the answer so how can we define work for rotation about a fixed axis ? Work by definition is scalar product of two vectors then shouldn't it be not defined or is conventionally Work defined in some other way in this case ?

Are angular quantities vector?   ... It is not easy to get used to representing angular quantities as vectors. We instinctively expect that something should be moving along the direction of a vector. That is not the case here. Instead, something(the rigid body) is rotating around the direction of the vector. In the world of pure rotation,a vector defines an axis of rotation, not a direction in which something moves.   This is what my book (authored by Halliday, Walker, Resnick) says. But they mentioned with a caution that      Angular displacements cannot be treated as vectors. ....to be represented as a vector, a quantity must also obey the rules of vector addition..... Angular displacements fail this test.   Why do they fail in this test? What is the reason?


Let $U$ and $W$ be subspaces of $V$. Show that $U\cup W$ is a subspace of $V$ if  and only if $U \subset W$ or $W \subset U$.   I am not sure what I can do with the assumption that $U\subset W$ or $W \subset U$ to get started. If I could get a hint pointing me in the right direction, that would be appreciated, thanks

I'm having a difficult time understanding this statement. Can someone please explain with a concrete example?


So a friend shows me this :  $x^4= x^2+x^2+ \cdots +x^2 $ ( i.e.  $x^2$ added $x^2$ times)  Now take the derivative of both side;  $4x^3 = 2x + 2x + \cdots + 2x $;  So $4x^3 = 2x^3  \cdots $(1)  And so dividing by $x^3$ gives  $2=1  \cdots $(2).  I know we can't divide by 0 so that makes (2) false, but to show that (1) is false too ?

Consider the following:   $1 = 1^2$ $2 + 2 = 2^2$ $3 + 3 + 3 = 3^2$   Therefore,   $\underbrace{x + x + x + \ldots + x}_{x \textrm{ times}}= x^2$   Take the derivative of lhs and rhs and we get:   $\underbrace{1 + 1 + 1 + \ldots + 1}_{x \textrm{ times}} = 2x$   Which simplifies to:   $x = 2x$   and hence    $1 = 2$.     Clearly something is wrong but I am unable pinpoint my mistake.


There are several options (e.g. ) to calculate the md5 hash over a file. However, it seems all require reading in the file first. Is there any way to achieve that without reading the full file into memory?

I am looking to use Java to get the MD5 checksum of a file.  I was really surprised but I haven't been able to find anything that shows how to get the MD5 checksum of a file.  How is it done?


I've just done an upgrade of my lubuntu. I see for example that I have in the system old linux kernels. How can I clean and tidy my OS?

Every time I install a new Linux kernel, it gets left in the grub_config, making the boot menu longer each time.    I know I can manually search through the installed packages and remove them.  Does Ubuntu provide any easier way to clean them up or keep them from showing in the boot list?


Are pie charts, at least the 2d versions, the best choice in some cases?   Or, should they be simply taboo for any serious objective data visualization?

There seems to be in increasing discussion about pie charts.   The main arguments against it seem to be:   Area is perceived with less power than length. Pie charts have very low data-point-to-pixel ratio   However, I think they can be somehow useful when portraying proportions. I agree to use a table in most cases but when you are writing a business report and you've just included hundreds of tables why not having a pie chart?  I'm curious about what the community thinks about this topic. Further references are welcome.  I include a couple of links:         In order to conclude this question I decided to build an example of pie-chart vs waffle-chart.


I have been looking for a proof of this and I can't find anything that helps me.  Suppose that $f$ has an essential singularity at $z_0$.   Show that $$f^2(x) = (f(x))^2$$ also has an essential singularity at $z_0$.  I know that if f has an essential singularity at $z_0$ then $f$ can be represented as $$f(z)=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}a_n(z-z_0)^n$$ where $a_n \neq0$ for an infinite set on which $n<0$.  Do I continue by commuting the product of the sums?   Really need help with this thanks.

Let $a$ be a point on the complex plane such that the function $f$ has an essential singularity. I am trying to prove that the square of that function also has an essential singularity.  I suppose that it does not have an essential singularity. Then $\exists ;k$ such that $(z-z_0)^{2k}f^2(z)$ differentiable. Then if I could take the square root and preserve the differentiability I would have finised. Can I do that?


I divided $1$ by $97$ and I got this: $0.0103092783\dots$; I got two digit numbers being multiplied by three at the beginning.  I divided $1$ by $997$ and I got a similar thing: $0.001003009027081243731\dots$; I got three-digit numbers being multiplied by three at the beginning.  How does this happen?  It's something very remarkable, isn't it?

For example, when I divided $1$ by $98$, I got an amazing result of $0.0102040816326530612244897...$ where so many numbers get multiplied by two every time in the right pattern with some carrying.  Also, when I divided $1$ by $998$, I got an amazing result of $0.0010020040080160320641282...$.  I have a longer result from my cool memory, which is $0.001002004008016032064128256513026052104208517034068136272545090180360721442885...$What explains why this doubling thing is happening?  I love it when I see it!  Also I don't know if it repeats (I'm talking about 1/998).  I think it does because I looked it up and it said 498 numbers repeat every time, so it's rational.  I mean seriously, how does this doubling happen?  I hope I can receive good information from you!


I just made a .txt file with my laptop (that runs Ubuntu 14.04), and when i open it with my Computer (runs Windows 10) it shows it like I wrote everything in one line  Maybe it's a dumb question, but I'm new to Ubuntu.  for example:

Sometime I have to use the text files created in Ubuntu, using editors, in Windows editors. So basically when ever I create a text file in Ubuntu I append the extension .txt, and it does make the file open in Windows very easily.  But the actual problem is the text files created in Ubuntu are so difficult to understand (read) when opened in Windows' Notepad. No matter how many lines have been used, all the lines appear in the same one line.  Is there a easy way to save the text files in Ubuntu's basic editors so that it can be seen exactly the same in Windows' notepad?


For example: book -> paper book, e-book phone -> telephone, smartphone Term to describe the creation/modification of words because of the advent of technology.

Usually a new term emerges and it becomes necessary to add a qualification to an old word for disambiguation.  examples:  "mono sound" versus "stereo sound" "analog watch" versus "digital watch" "acoustic guitar" versus "electric guitar" "slow food" versus "fast food"


After upgrading my Dell G5 15 from Kubuntu 20.04 to 20.10, the only output device for playing audio is my HDMI monitor. I am not able to play sound using the integrated speakers and my 3.5mm-jack headphones are not detected, when I plug them in the laptop. What can I do to fix my installation, so I can play music through the internal speakers and headphones? I tried switching to internal speakers or headphones using pavucontrol (inspired by this question: ), but I can see only HDMI-related options in pavucontrol as well. No internal speakers, no headphones. Edit: I once managed to make the sound work by restarting the computer, but it was right after the upgrade to 20.10. Now rebooting does nothing.

I am using Dell Alienware M14X. I have installed Ubuntu 14.04 on my laptop. The problem that I am facing is that the audio plays only through speakers all the time even I though I plug in my headphone.  When I go to sound settings, it is showing me headphones in the "play sound through" which means that my system is able to detect the headphones; But just the audio doesn't play through the headphones, instead it still plays through speaker.


I have a simple problem, but I am having a hard time getting the concept.  I have an array of doubles (doublesarray) and I want to slice the array so that I get the last "x" values.  x could be 2,5,7,12,etc  example:  doublesarray = {0,2,4,5,7,8,2,4,6}; doublesarray.slice(-4,-1);  output: [8,2,4,6]   doublesarray.slice(-2,-1); output: [4,6]   Attempt:  I found some code online that slices, but it does not handle 2 negative inputs.  public static class Extensions {     /// <summary>     /// Get the array slice between the two indexes.     /// ... Inclusive for start index, exclusive for end index.     /// </summary>     public static T[] Slice<T>(this T[] source, int start, int end)     {         // Handles negative ends.     if (end < 0)     {         end = source.Length + end;     }     int len = end - start;      // Return new array.     T[] res = new T[len];     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)     {         res[i] = source[i + start];     }     return res;     } }

How do you do it? Given a byte array:  byte[] foo = new byte[4096];   How would I get the first x bytes of the array as a separate array? (Specifically, I need it as an IEnumerable<byte>)  This is for working with Sockets. I figure the easiest way would be array slicing, similar to Perls syntax:  @bar = @foo[0..40];   Which would return the first 41 elements into the @bar array. Is there something in C# that I'm just missing, or is there some other thing I should be doing?  LINQ is an option for me (.NET 3.5), if that helps any.


Following is the easiest example I could make to represent my problem.  \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{scrartcl} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[ngerman]{babel} \usepackage{tkz-euclide}  \title{Mathematik II} \subtitle{SoSe 2017} \date{}  \begin{document} \setcounter{section}{5} \maketitle \tableofcontents \section{Lineare Algebra} \newpage \subsection{Vektoren}{ Größen die durch mehrere Zahlen gekennzeichnet werden.  Größen mit Betrag und Richtung.  Ort $\vec{r}$  Geschwindigkeit $\vec{v}$  Kräfte $\vec{F}$  Rechnen mit Vektoren  \begin{figure} \begin{tikzpicture}[ scale=0.9, axis/.style={very thick, ->, >=stealth'}, important line/.style={thick}, dashed line/.style={dashed, thin}, pile/.style={thick, ->, >=stealth', shorten <=2pt, shorten     >=2pt}, every node/.style={color=black} ] \tkzInit[xmax=6,ymax=6,xmin=-6,ymin=-6] \tkzGrid \tkzAxeXY \end{tikzpicture} \end{figure} } \end{document}   I am new to latex and am trying to place the tikzpicture below the text of the subsection, which seems to be something no one else has a problem with since there are no related searchresults.  What am I missing or doing wrong?

Is there any package or a method to force LaTeX to keep floating environments like table and figure closer to where they are declared?


I am trying to load a shapefile into a PostgreSQL/PostGIS databases with the following statement run within the OSGeo4W shell ogr2ogr -f "PostgreSQL" PG:"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=testing user=postgres password=12345" "D:/TEST_RUBBISH/mains_topo.shp"  I get the following warning which effectively preempts the failure of the insert operation  Warning 1: Geometry to be inserted is of type Multi Line String, whereas the layer geometry type is Line String. Insertion is likely to fail  I have been all over the internet and into the 'PostGIS in Action' book to try and work out how to resolve this but no joy so far Could anyone out there suggest a solution

I want to use ogr2ogr in order to import a shapefile in a postgis database. I have successfully installed ogr2ogr and I run from the pgsql the following command:  ogr2ogr -f "PostgreSQL" PG:"host=localhost user=user_1 password=***** dbname=imports" world_boundaries.shp   What I get back is an error message:  Unable to open datasource `world_boundaries.shp' with the following drivers: --a list of drivers follows (ESRI Shape File etc.)   I have also tried to define the full path of the shapefile but I got the same message.  Also I tried to run the:  ogrinfo world_boundaries.shp   Same thing.    After fixing the issues with the permissions of the file I get the following error:    ERROR 1: AddGeometryColumn failed for layer world_boundaries, layer creation has failed.   ERROR 1: Terminating translation prematurely after failed   translation of layer world_boundaries (use -skipfailures to skip errors)   I also tried to import it through the GUI shp2pgsql and I get the following error:   ALTER TABLE "public"."" Failed in pgui_exec(): ERROR:  permission denied for relation spatial_ref_sys  CONTEXT:  SQL statement "SELECT SRID         FROM spatial_ref_sys WHERE SRID = new_srid" PL/pgSQL function addgeometrycolumn(character varying,character   varying,character varying,character varying,integer,character varying,integer,boolean) line 50 at SQL statement  SQL statement "SELECT AddGeometryColumn('',$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7)"  PL/pgSQL function addgeometrycolumn(character varying,character  varying,character varying,integer,character varying,integer,boolean) line 5 at     SQL statement  Shapefile import failed.   The issue this time was that this database user didn't have sufficient permissions. This fixed it:  GRANT ALL ON TABLE spatial_ref_sys TO my_user_name;   Next error message is:    Warning 1: Geometry to be inserted is of type 3D Multi Polygon, whereas the layer geometry type is 3D Polygon.  Insertion is likely to fail  ERROR 1: INSERT command for new feature failed.  ERROR:  Geometry type (MultiPolygon) does not match column type (Polygon)   So it seems I need to use the parameter: -nlt MULTIPOLYGON But when I do so I get another error, which doesn't make any sense to me:  ERROR 1: PostgreSQL driver doesn't currently support database creation. Please create database with the `createdb' command. PostgreSQL driver failed to create PG:host=localhost user=my_user_name dbname=my_database password=password -nlt POLYGON   But it gets loaded using the shp2pgsql GUI.    Comment of @elrobis enabled this to finally work. Data loaded in db correctly!  ogr2ogr -f "PostgreSQL" PG:"host=localhost user=geonode dbname=geonode_imports password=geonode" -nlt GEOMETRY wld_bnd_adm0_gaul_2015.shp


I just installed Solaris 11.3 on my laptop. Unfortunately the internal card of this laptop (Broadcom BCM4312) is not supported by Solaris.  And so my question is: Is there a list of USB wireless cards with the manufacturer that are supported by Solaris?  I will go to the store and buy one and everything will be fine.  Thank you.

I just installed Solaris 11.3 on the laptop. This laptop have Broadcom BCM4312 WiFi card.  It looks like the install does not have a driver for this card just like 11.1 version.  I have a Linux installed on this same machine (Gentoo) and this OS does have a driver.  Is it possible to get the driver for this card somewhere? Maybe broadcom.com? Failing that is it possible to use Linux driver inside Solaris?  On the kind of related side - I tried to connect a wire and run Driver Manager, but it does not want to finish. All controls are  still disabled. Any idea?  Thank you for any pointers you can provide.


How can we prove the theorem that any product of primes in the form $4n+1$ is the sum of 2 relatively prime square numbers?   EDIT: My question is not the same as the responses that were linked. I'm asking specifically about the product of primes in the form $4n+1$ being the sum of $2$ relatively prime squares, not just primes in the form $4n+1$ being the sum of squares.

It is a theorem in elementary number theory that if $p$ is a prime and congruent to 1 mod 4, then it is the sum of two squares. Apparently there is a trick involving arithmetic in the gaussian integers that lets you prove this quickly. Can anyone explain it?


How can i to change below function for case insensitive search all div elements(div[id*=music]) which has a link contains search_text;  function search(el){     var search_text = $(el).val();     //if(!search_text) return false;     var search_block = $('div.music_box');     search_block.children('div[id*=music]:hidden').show();     search_block.children('div[id*=music]').filter(':not(:has(a:contains('+search_text+')))').hide();     console.log(search_block.children('div[id*=music]')); }   jQuery v1.10.2

Is there a case insensitive version of the  jQuery selector or should I do the work manually by looping over all elements and comparing their .text() to my string?


I have known the reason why skate can slide over ice is that water's melting curve in terms of pressure and temperature has a negative slope. If the pressure due to our mass increases sufficiently high, the ice starts to melt.  But someone says, according to latest research, it is not true because the time for which we pressure the ice is too short so the ice can't has enough time to melt.  Which is more reasonable between the two arguments?

Some textbooks I came across, and a homework assignment I had to do several years ago, suggested that the reason we can skate on ice is the peculiar $p(T)$-curve of the ice-water boundary. The reasoning is that due to the high pressure the skates put on the ice, it will melt at temperaturs below $273 K$ and thus provide a thin film of liquid on which we can skate. It was then mentioned as fun fact that you could ice-skate on a planet with lakes of frozen dioxide because that gas has the $p(T)$-curve the other way round. My calculations at that time told me that this was, pardon my french, bollocks. The pressure wasn't nearly high enough to lower the melting point to even something like $-0.5$ degrees Celsius. I suppose it is some other mechanism, probably related to the crystal structure of ice, but I'd really appreciate if someone more knowledgeable could tell something about it.


So I am in love with Ubutnu, but haven't really looked into the mobile platform until just recently. I think it looks beautiful, and am excited to have the power of a fully functional computer in my hand.   I have also heard of some devices being able to dual boot into both Android and the Ubuntu mobile OS. Is this the case with all Android devices, or are there only a few capable of this? If only select devices can do it, what causes them to be able to do so? (For example, do they need access to a sort of "phone bios"?)  I am looking to buy the HTC One here in a month or so when my version contract renews, but was interested if it could also run Ubuntu Mobile.   Thanks Guys!

I would like to port Ubuntu Touch to a device that is currently not supported. What are the requirements for doing this and where do I begin?


$1^\infty$ = undefined  $2^\infty = \infty$  $0^\infty = 0$  Why is $1^\infty$ undefined?  People were trying to explain to me that infinity isnt part of the Real numbers, yet, $2^\infty$ and $0^\infty$ somehow ARE defined?  In my opinion $1^\infty = 1$.  I mean isn't it not easy to prove  since $1\times 1\times 1 \times \cdots=1$ no matter how many times you do it?

From : In calculus and other branches of mathematical analysis, an indeterminate form is an algebraic expression obtained in the context of limits. Limits involving algebraic operations are often performed by replacing subexpressions by their limits; if the expression obtained after this substitution does not give enough information to determine the original limit, it is known as an indeterminate form.    The indeterminate forms include $0^{0},\frac{0}{0},(\infty - \infty),1^{\infty}, \ \text{etc}\cdots$   My question is can anyone give me a nice explanation of why $1^{\infty}$ is considered to be an indeterminate form? Because, i don't see any justification of this fact. I am still perplexed.


Let $a$,$b\in \mathbb{Z}$, not both zero. Let $S = \{n\in\mathbb{Z}|n=ax+by\text{ for some }x,y\in\mathbb{Z}\}$ Let $d=(a,b)$. Prove that $S$ is the set of all integer multiples of d.

For natural numbers $a$ and $b$, show that $a \Bbb Z + b \Bbb Z = \gcd(a, b)\Bbb Z $  I just basically said that the gcd of a and b { written as C } obviously divides aZ and bZ, therefore it can be rewritten as  CdZ + CeZ -> C[dZ + eZ] -> CZ[d+e] where Cd=a and Ce=b.   if a and b and C are natural numbers, then  so are d and e. the sum of d and e is an integer, that when multiplied by an integer produces an integer. therefore  CZ[d+e] = CZ, so aZ + bZ = GCD(a,b)Z  { Where C is the gcd(a,b) }


Can I develop a custom action workflow for SharePoint online?

Over the past few years I have been developing custom workflow actions - for use in SharePoint Designer workflows - for SharePoint 2007, 2010 and 2013 (on-premise). See  for the kind of workflow action I am talking about. I occasionally get questions from people who want to use similar actions in SharePoint (2013) online. I am aware that in the 2010 version of SharePoint online there was the possibility to (painfully) create sandboxed workflow actions, but that no longer appears to be an option in the SharePoint 2013 version. I fear that the answer is 'it is not possible', but is there any way to create and deploy a custom workflow action to SharePoint online for use in SharePoint Designer workflows? I cannot find any documentation on the topic. Update 1: Apologies for not making this clear, but I need it to work with SharePoint 2013 workflows (not workflows in SharePoint 2010 mode) and deploy it as an App to SharePoint online (so no sandboxed solutions) Update 2: I have opened a support case with Microsoft (113072910624379) and it is official, SharePoint Designer Workflow Actions cannot be deployed as part of an App. A sandboxed solution using declarative Workflow Actions is the only way to do this.


In VLC player, I get a small top popup notification that says "Do you want to restart the playback where left off?" and it stays for around 5 seconds then disappears. Is it possible to make it stay/show longer than 5 seconds? If yes, where is that option located? Thanks,

I have made my Vlc player ask me if I want to continue playback from where I left it following this guide :    However, the button disappears in less than 3 seconds. How can I make that button stay a bit longer ?


I need help with validating a simple e-mail address, like basic pretty much. In the end after the . it should only contain either 2 or 3 characters or it gives the user an invalid message, however mine isn't recognizing that.  Pattern chckEmail = Pattern.compile("([a-zA-Z0-9]+|[a-zA-Z0-9]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+)*@[a-zA-Z]+(\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,3})");

Over the years I have slowly developed a  that validates MOST email addresses correctly, assuming they don't use an IP address as the server part.  I use it in several PHP programs, and it works most of the time.  However, from time to time I get contacted by someone that is having trouble with a site that uses it, and I end up having to make some adjustment (most recently I realized that I wasn't allowing 4-character TLDs).  What is the best regular expression you have or have seen for validating emails?  I've seen several solutions that use functions that use several shorter expressions, but I'd rather have one long complex expression in a simple function instead of several short expression in a more complex function.


How do you most reliably and accurately correlate which version of GNOME Desktop a certain version of Ubuntu ships with, without installing that version of Ubuntu? I'm referring here to more recent versions of Ubuntu, e.g. 18.04 and up. I'd like to know either what version comes with the base version of Ubuntu, or, any patch version that comes with the official updates for that version of Ubuntu. Using the rmadison command from  I don't fully follow what is the answer to my question ― I see nothing for Focal Fossa (20.04) in the outputs: On Ubuntu 20.04: $ sudo apt install devscripts   ... $ rmadison gnome   gnome | 1:3.0+6ubuntu3  | precise/universe | amd64, armel, armhf, i386, powerpc  gnome | 1:3.8+4ubuntu3  | trusty/universe  | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, powerpc, ppc64el  gnome | 1:3.14+3ubuntu1 | xenial/universe  | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, powerpc, ppc64el, s390x  gnome | 1:3.22+9        | bionic/universe  | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x  gnome | 1:3.30+1ubuntu1 | disco/universe   | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x  gnome | 1:3.30+2        | eoan/universe    | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x  gnome | 1:3.30+2        | focal/universe   | amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x  gnome | 1:3.30+2        | groovy/universe  | amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x   $ rmadison gnome-desktop   gnome-desktop | 1:2.32.1-0ubuntu9 | precise         | source  gnome-desktop | 1:2.32.1-2ubuntu1 | trusty/universe | source  I think this command-line tool pretty much mirrors the same information that's available on a launchpad search , which which does not explicitly relate to Focal Fossa, and neither does Launchpad relate to GNOME in general for Focal Fossa, assuming I am searching Launchpad well.

The  version in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS is 1.12.1, but the latest Wireshark version is 2.6.0. The default php version is 5 but the latest php version is 7. The sudo apt-get install command easily installs software, but sometimes it provides old versions. So, if I can know the default version provided by a particular software package in a newer Ubuntu release, I can make a decision whether to upgrade my Ubuntu version or not. Is there any Ubuntu release note/doc/chart that lists default software version for all Ubuntu software?


Let $a,b \in \mathbb Z$. I need to calculate the $\mathrm{gcd}$ of a linear combinations of a,b knowing $\mathrm{gcd}(a,b)$.  I know that $a^2 + b^2 = 0 (\mathrm{mod} 4)$ and $5a+7b=2$, I used this info to find that $\mathrm{gcd}(a,b) = 2$ now I am asked to calculate $\mathrm{gcd}(7a+14b, 14a+21b)$. This is as far as I got:   $\mathrm{gcd}(7a+14b, 14a+21b)$ = $\mathrm{gcd}(7(a+2b), 7(2a+3b))$ = $7\cdot\mathrm{gcd}(a+2b, 2a+3b)$

I'm having issues figuring out how to approach this problem:     Conclude that if $ad-bc = \pm 1$, then   $$\gcd(x,y) = \gcd(ax +by, cx + dy)$$   The fact that $\gcd(x,y) = \gcd(x+ky, y)$ is a very special case of this exercise   I believe there is a property that if $a = bq_1 + 0$ where 0 is r, then b divides a, and $b=\gcd(a,b)$  Is that at all relevant in this case?


64 bit. Title explains it all. Just want Firefox beta.

I recently discovered that my computer is 64-bit. I have backed up my Home folder, and reinstalled Ubuntu. The reinstall wasn't nearly as painful as I thought. There is one thing that I can't quite seem to figure out: how do I get the 64-bit Firefox Beta build? I always get the Beta builds, but I want to take advantage of the 64-bit architecture of my computer.  says that Mozilla has come out with a 64-bit version of Firefox, but I can't seem to find it.  I do understand  of using a 64-bit browser, but I've decided to jump right in and do it anyway. (Flash and Java are already 64-bit, and who cares about Silverlight, since it's not for Linux anyway?)  There's only one issue, and it's a big one: I can't find the 64-bit Beta PPA!!! (I really hate using .tar.gz files, but I'd be willing to do that as long as I could still access Firefox via the Launcher. Oh, speaking of which, I don't understand .tar.gz files. Once, I managed to run one (the Dropbox Beta build,) but I have no idea whatsoever on how to install them: as in, click on the icon and go.)


I've written a decorator for flask:  def requires_permission(permission):     def decorator(function):         def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs):             if not current_user.is_authenticated:                 return redirect('/auth/login')             elif not getattr(current_user.permissions, permission):                 return "you need to be an admin", 401             else:                 return function(*args, **kwargs)         return decorated_function     return decorator   This is used to decorate routes i.e.  @bp.route('/') @requires_permission('admin') def dashboard(company=None):     return "Hello, World!"   This all works exactly as it should but now when I try to access the route via:   return redirect(url_for('main.dashboard', company = company))   it fails to find the route. I believe its because my decorator is hiding the underlying function, if accessed via the URL all works as expected.  Any help would be great in how to expose the underlying procedure correctly.  Thanks

In a comment on this , someone said that they weren't sure what functools.wraps was doing. So, I'm asking this question so that there will be a record of it on StackOverflow for future reference: what does functools.wraps do, exactly?


I have this command (KSH)  find <path> -regextype posix-extended -type f -regex '.*/txt' -exec ls -l --full-time \{\} \; | sort -bnr   So, I'm reading and deciphering the command above so far what I know is that   -regextype posix-extended   this just changes the regextype to posix-extended  -type f   this only return files  -regex '.*/txt'   this is just regular expression  -exec ls -l --full-time   executes ls -l --full-time  \\{\\}   this one I don't get. What does it do? What I know is that I need to end -exec with {} \; but why there's backslash inside the curly braces?

Examples  I've recently found examples of using pairs of enclosing braces {}, with nothing in between the opening and closing braces, as arguments to commands and even to their options:  cat foo | xargs -I{} echo {}  find . -size 0 -exec rm -i {} \;  No Documentation  My problem is that I cannot find a documentation in the  that describes the usage of {} in such context as in the examples above.  I do not think it is a , because a dollar sign must precede the enclosing braces in a parameter expansion as in ${}.  It cannot be a  either, because it takes the form of {x..y[..incr]}, where x and y are not optional.  It also cannot be a  either, because {} is used as arguments.  Questions   What does a pair of enclosing braces {} even mean, in general, as an argument to any command that accepts it? Where can I find a documentation that describes the usage of {} as arguments?


I have a spreadsheet where new data into rows is added every hour. I tried using arrayformula but couldn't figure out how. Example spreadsheet:  I would like to compute column per hour

I have a sheet with form response data in several columns, say A:G. Some of the data are numerical and I'd like to have some calculations done on them, e.g. in columns H through J. I have already found out any stretched formulas get wiped out as new lines from the form get pulled in.  So I created a new sheet, imported the data using arrayformula, but still, I don't know how to have a formula for every row in columns H:J (except the header). I can only stretch the formula within a fixed number of rows, but don't know how to make it autoadjust to newly incoming data.  I wondered if I could use a script that would be triggered with the form being submitted, adding the formulas to the new lines, but that's rather inelegant.  : Sheet1 contains form data, Sheet2 imports them using arrayformula.


I am using an Acer Aspire 5002WLMi laptop and set up a dual boot with Windows XP and Ubuntu 12.04. Wi-Fi is working well in Windows XP, but when I start Ubuntu I will get the below error.  [ 95.514855] b43-phy0 ERROR: You must go to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43#devicefirmware and download the correct firmware for this driver version. Please carefully read all the instruction on this website.   Then I followed the instructions from the below link.  file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/MGL/Desktop/how%20to%20install%20ubuntu/Ubuntu%2012.04%20Splash%20Screen%20Lockup%20with%20LiveCD%20_%20Ben%20Rousch%27s%20Cluster%20of%20Bleep.htm  But I am stuck in installing the Broadcom Wi-Fi firmware in Terminal, and it is showing this error:      E: unable to locate package firmware-b43-installer   How can I proceed?

I'm having serious problems installing the Broadcom drivers for Ubuntu. It worked perfectly on my previous version, but now, it is impossible.   What are the steps to install Broadcom wireless drivers for a BCM43xx card?  I'm a user with no advance knowledge in Linux, so I would need clear explanations on how to make, compile, etc.    lspci -vnn | grep Network showed:   Broadcom Corporation BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:432b]      iwconfig showed:  lo        no wireless extensions. eth0      no wireless extensions.   NOTE: Answer below is updated every time new information is added and confirmed working.


I get often confused with the verb to get in the past tenses. I see gotten, got, etc. Could someone kindly clarify with some few examples?  Shall I say:  I have got   or   I have gotten

I see these two expressions are used almost identically in different contexts. Is there a difference between I have got and I have gotten?


I have some previous experience from both Hexagon and 3DS Max. And you can easily resize a face, edge or a group of vertices to a precise number in both platforms. For example, you can create a 2x2x2 m box, then select one single side (face) and set the size to 2.189 m. For example. Blender does have a size pane. But only for entire objects. I can set the width of an entire object to 2.189. But not a single face. Or an edge. In order to do the operation above in Blender I'd have to bring out a calculator and figure out the ratio of 2.000 to 2.189 and punch in that number in the resize tool. I can't for the life of me understand why there's no built in size panel for stuff like this. What also bugs me is that for the very same reason you cannot easily read the size of an element, such as a face or an edge. Sure, there is a distance tool. But a lot of time I'd like to know the size in X, Y and Z. Not the actual distance from one end of an edge to the other. Is there some plugin or setting in Blender for this? I basically want to be able to select a face or an edge, and see the size in all three directions. And also be able to change the size by punching in numbers. Resizing the width of an edge from, let's say 3.448 to 3.207 shouldn't require a calculator.

I'm new to blender and I want to use it as 3D printing software. I'm using 2.8 so I'll get used to new interface, but I don't know how to change edge length to a specific value. I know how to change whole object dimensions like cube, I'm using metric system and I can see edge length when selected, but how do I change it?


I'm a beginner with JAVA so this question is not making much sense:     Write a method called append that accepts two integer arrays as   parameters and returns a new array that contains the result of   appending the second array's values at the end of the first array. For   example, if arrays list1 and list2 store {2, 4, 6} and {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}   respectively, the call of append(list1, list2) should return a new   array containing {2, 4, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. If the call instead had   been append(list2, list1), the method would return an array containing   {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 4, 6}   Help is greatly appreciated. Thanks.

I need to concatenate two String arrays in Java.  void f(String[] first, String[] second) {     String[] both = ??? }   What is the easiest way to do this?


in another question thread i made. Another community member showed me his viewport shading window. in his window he had alot more options than mine. His screen:  My screen:  How would i be able to get those options too? The blender version that i am using is 2.9 by the way.

I would like to install light presets for Blender to automate my lightning in my scenes. I have some .exr files (from Greyscalegorilla) but I don't know how to do it on Blender to make it work. Can someone help me? Thank you


I thought a sudo will work, but it says command not found:  sudo: ./eTax_ticinoPG13_inst_Linux.sh: command not found nuc@nuc:~/Downloads$ ./eTax_ticinoPG13_inst_Linux.sh bash: ./eTax_ticinoPG13_inst_Linux.sh: Keine Berechtigung nuc@nuc:~/Downloads$ sudo ./eTax_ticinoPG13_inst_Linux.sh sudo: ./eTax_ticinoPG13_inst_Linux.sh: command not found   Can anyone help me?

Whenever I open a .sh file, it opens it in gedit instead of the terminal. I can't find any option similar to Right Click → Open With → Other Application... → Terminal.  How do I open this file in the terminal?


I've been looking at this tutorial for help on switching over to PDO:   However, there is just one thing I cannot find.  Say I have a text input form with the name "user"  So, would the PHP code for PDO look like the following:  $name = $_POST['name']; $stmt = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO table(name) VALUES(?)"); $stmt->execute(array($name)); $rows = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);   Essentially what I'm asking is that if this is safe.  I know PDO is different than mysql_* in the sense that you don't use mysql_real_escape_string anymore but is this all I need to do to ensure no malicious data will be put into the database?

Let's say I have code like this:  $dbh = new PDO("blahblah");  $stmt = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM users where username = :username'); $stmt->execute( array(':username' => $_REQUEST['username']) );   The PDO documentation says:     The parameters to prepared statements don't need to be quoted; the driver handles it for you.   Is that truly all I need to do to avoid SQL injections?  Is it really that easy?  You can assume MySQL if it makes a difference.  Also, I'm really only curious about the use of prepared statements against SQL injection.  In this context, I don't care about XSS or other possible vulnerabilities.


I wonder how does the compile process work with LaTeX?  If I am defining \usepackage{PACKAGENAME}, and then using a specific command from this package in my LaTeX-file, how does it work?  I thought it compiles Top->Down, or does the compiler exclude the packages in the first place and check it later on if a command is found in the file?

I have a style file which includes another .sty file with \usepackage. Everything works fine. Since this is a  small file written by myself I decided to insert it verbatim at the same place were I use \usepackage in the surrounding file. But this results in errors. This gives raise to the general question in the title. More specific:  What do I have to do to make such an inclusion work?


I’m trying to find the name of a book in which humans are at war with an alien race. While traveling to the galaxy where the fighting is, humans travel at the speed of light while being kept in tanks of fluid to prevent being injured by the sudden speeding up and deceleration. Whilst they are in transit they do not age but for everyone back on Earth time still goes by and when the travelers arrive at their destination everybody they knew back on Earth had long since passed away.  I do not remember much else about the story but I do remember enjoying the book, can anyone can help by supplying me with the novels name and author?

Ok. So I read books as a kid, this may have been mid to late 1980s. Definitely before 1993. These details I remember, they might be from the same book or from several:   Slower than light space travel with severe time dilation. There were boardings of space ships, but the fighting odds could be very uneven because a foe could be from your future or your past, depending on when you started your space journey, because of relativistic time dilation. No faster than light travel, no time travel either. Just regular physics. To fight better in melee, soldiers would have (more or less willingly, I think they knew beforehand) false memories or notions implanted of the enemy as horrible human beings so soldiers could kill them more easily without remorse. Towards the end of the story, veterans of the war are described as not quite feeling at home after the war. One planet (home?) or country is described as inhabited entirely of clones, Adams and Eves, I think homosexual, or that sexuality could be switched deliberately. I think the veterans find at the end a refuge somewhere more like the home they are used to. The reason so much has changed is of course the time dilation. They spent maybe decades in the war, while on the planets centuries or millenia passed. I think one moral (there may be many more I missed as a child) of the story was the futility of war. If I recall correctly, the war was resolved in a way that made the efforts of the veterans seem for nothing.


I had Ubuntu 16.x and Kali on my drive. Now I want to delete Kali and instead install Windows 10.  Accidentally I deleted Ubuntu in the Windows 10 installer, and closed it hoping it wouldn't save the changes. But it did and now I am getting the GRUB rescue screen. It shows dev/sda when selecting a partition in the Ubuntu installation GUI  Can I somehow restore the Ubuntu partition or is it gone from the partition table and the system for ever?

I was installing ubuntu 12.04 on my system. There were 4 partitions on my system and I selected one of the four partition for the installation and chose the option of resizing the partition. Initially my partition was of size 100+GB and i created another partition out of it of size 15GB (EXT4). Now the moment I changed this partition structure my original partition got lost along with its data and I am left with 50GB partition and 50GB unallocated free space.   Now the data that I have lost is meant a lot to me and I want to recover that data. So is there any way I can recover it? And I haven't checked "format" option while resizing the partition.


The other day, I saw the blog of an SO member. In it, there was an image of his SO avatar and his reputation and badges. It looked cool. Is there any easy way for me to get something like that, tailored to me?

Currently, you can get flair as HTML, Javascript, or JSON.  Let's say I'm extra-cautious of XSS vulnerabilities.  In that case the HTML and Javascript options are a no-no for me.  JSON is possible if I use a trusted parser, but it's still just basically giving me HTML stored in a JS variable.  A better option for me is a dynamically-generated image.  You could cache the generated image for some time (say, 30 minutes?) to cut down on server demand.  Update: As pointed out by  and  (see also ), a much greater need for this feature would be for use in sites which disallow iframes and scripting, for example when used as a sig on a forum, or when used on a blog hosted by wordpress.com.  Related:


I have a timestamp in seconds, e.g. 1543845960. I need to retrieve a season from this timestamp. How can I do it?  ZoneId zone = ZoneId.systemDefault(); DateTimeFormatter df = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd").withZone(zone); String dt = df.format(Instant.ofEpochMilli(timestamp*1000));   Is there any built-in way to get a season by Zone? E.g. winter, spring, summer or autumn.

I've had nothing but good luck from SO, so why not try again?  I have an application that needs to show a different image based on the season of the year (spring, summer, winter, fall).   I have very specific start and end dates for these seasons.  What I would like from you geniuses is a method called GetSeason that takes a date as input and returns a String value of Spring, Summer, Winter or Fall.   Here are the date ranges and their associated seasons:  Spring:3/1-4/30 Summer:5/1-8/31 Fall:9/1-10/31 Winter: 11/1-2/28  Can someone provide a working method to return the proper season? Thanks everyone!


The weak topology on a normed vector space $X$ is the weakest topology making every bounded linear functionals $x^*\in X^*$ continuous.  If a subset $C$ of $X$ is compact for the weak topology, then $C$ is bounded in norm.  How does one prove this fact?

Does this argument work? Let $X$ be a normed vector space, with $A$ weakly compact in $X$. The collection of sets of the form   $$\{x \in X:  |f(x) - f(a)| < 1 \},f \in X^*,a \in A$$    forms a cover of $A$ consisting of weakly open sets in $X$, and so should has a finite subcover.


According to my lecture notes, the normal vector to a surface $f$ is given by $\text{grad}(f) = \underline{\nabla} f$. However, surely the normal vector to the surface $f$ should be perpendicular to the vector $\underline{\nabla}f$?

If we have an implicit surface $g(x, y, z)=...$, the gradient is a normal vector. But why? Do I have to start with tangent vectors and then show the gradient is perpendicular? Not sure how to approach this.


I try to download games and it always say insufficient space on device what should I do. Google play or play store

After one of the latest updates (not sure if it was the last one or a previous one) of the Google Play app, I am having an error trying to update a large app (42MB). It says:     Error Downloading . There is insufficient space on the device.   My device is a Samsung P1000 running Froyo. It's rooted, but the error was there before rooting it.  A quick Google search showed several Samsung users having the same problem (the app in question that was giving me the headache is Smurf's village). Some said that removing the updates to the Android Market (Google Play) app would fix it, but to me it was of no avail.  I also tried the procedure in  to no avail.  Now I am stuck with a prehistoric version of the Market (that works on small apps) and still cannot update Smurf's Village or install big apps. How can I fix this?  EDIT: device has over 2GB of internal SD storage, 27GB of external SD card, so space is not an issue.


I need to have a validation function, boolean isFloat(String) , to check if a given string can be directly converted to an integer. There are at least two approaches on base of :   in plain Java:  isFloat(String f) {   if (strNum == null) {     return false;   }   try {     Float.parseFloat(strNum);   } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {     return false;   }   return true; }  in regular expression, hereby I don't list the code   The first approach is more strict forward and easy to understand, whereas one of my colleagues said throwing exception might the whole stack trace, which might affect performance when happening frequently. The second approach might be error-prone as we always need to think about how the expression is formed.  Question: Is the impract of throwing and catching the whole stack trace of an exception really that big?

Question:  Is exception handling in Java actually slow?  Conventional wisdom, as well as a lot of Google results, says that exceptional logic shouldn't be used for normal program flow in Java.  Two reasons are usually given,   it is really slow - even an order of magnitude slower than regular code (the reasons given vary),     and    it is messy because people expect only errors to be handled in exceptional code.     This question is about #1.  As an example,  describes Java exception handling as "very slow" and relates the slowness to the creation of the exception message string - "this string is then used in creating the exception object that is thrown. This is not fast."  The article  says that "the reason for this is due to the object creation aspect of exception handling, which thereby makes throwing exceptions inherently slow".  Another reason out there is that the stack trace generation is what slows it down.  My testing (using Java 1.6.0_07, Java HotSpot 10.0, on 32 bit Linux), indicates that exception handling is no slower than regular code.  I tried running a method in a loop that executes some code.  At the end of the method, I use a boolean to indicate whether to return or throw.  This way the actual processing is the same. I tried running the methods in different orders and averaging my test times, thinking it may have been the JVM warming up.  In all my tests, the throw was at least as fast as the return, if not faster (up to 3.1% faster).  I am completely open to the possibility that my tests were wrong, but I haven't seen anything out there in the way of the code sample, test comparisons, or results in the last year or two that show exception handling in Java to actually be slow.  What leads me down this path was an API I needed to use that threw exceptions as part of normal control logic.  I wanted to correct them in their usage, but now I may not be able to.  Will I instead have to praise them on their forward thinking?  In the paper , the authors suggest that the presence of exception handlers alone, even if no exceptions are thrown, is enough to prevent the JIT compiler from optimizing the code properly, thus slowing it down.  I haven't tested this theory yet.


Need to prove $\lim\limits_{a \rightarrow + \infty} \int_0^{\infty} \frac{1}{1+y^2}e^{-ay} dy =0 $ and  $\lim\limits_{a \rightarrow + \infty} \int_0^{\infty} \frac{y}{1+y^2}e^{-ay} dy =0 $  Can someone solve using dominated convergence theorem? I want to know how LDC is applied.


IS there a quick and easy way to move 3 years worth of emails from Thunderbird to Outlook 2016?  The email is setup as POP3.   So far my only idea has been to create or some how setup the same account as IMAP let the emails sync back up and then let them sync back down in Outlook.  Sounds painful but I am trying to avoid spending money on an application that may or may not work.

Export Mail from Thunderbird to Microsoft Outlook  There is no default export feature in the application


Parent user for  is deleted, but chat user page displays him like existing one:        Name, reputation and badges are still visible, but  is deleted.  According to Shog9's  chat user should be deleted, but it doesn't. Hence proposed duplicates are not duplicates, because doesn't answer my question.

We have a few cases of chat accounts remaining without valid parent account:  and  for example. What should mods do when that happens:  delete the chat account notify the SE team so they can reattach or clean it up leave it as is: it's a normal situation


while writing % in the sentence it is considering as a comment . Just like i wana write this sentence 25% of this bottle is empty. But texnic does not showing remaining text in the output.  kindly give me some suggestion . Regards

I need to output the below text but since \ is a special character, I cannot:  [RegularExpression(@"\d+")]   Also sometimes I need use dollar sign $ as well but it seems to be a special char, too.  What is the way to escape those in LaTeX?  UPDATE:  I used \verb as suggested but I am unable to run commands inside it. Also, in the output the font and the opacity of the text is different than the default one:  \verb|[RegularExpression(\newline @"\d+")]|


I have got banned from asking questions and answers? I have improved some of my questions. Will deleting my answers help?  Thanks

If you are reading this, you may have been affected by one of our post quality bans. If so, it is important that you  to understand what has happened and how to regain the permissions that you lost. While trying to ask a question, one could see:  We are no longer accepting questions from this account. See  to learn more.  Likewise, for answers:  We are no longer accepting answers from this account. See  to learn more.   Why am I getting this message? Are deleted posts taken into account too? Is a question/answer ban the same as a suspension? How do I avoid getting a question ban? How long do I have to wait before I can post again? What can I do to release the ban? How can I reactivate my account? Can I simply create a new account? I'll just ask somewhere else on the SE network, and they'll migrate my question to the correct site! Will a ban on one Stack Exchange site affect my standing on other sites in the network? Does this apply to meta sites too? My account is in good standing. Why am I still blocked?


I tried to disable login for a user account but got this error in debain:     useradd: unrecognized option '--disabled-login'   What is the equivalent of this command for useradd? Do I have to pick another shell, if so, which one?

We have several user accounts that we create for automated tasks that require fine-grained permissions, such as file transfer across systems, monitoring, etc.   How do we lock down these user accounts so that these "users" have no shell and are not able to login? We want to prevent the possibility that someone can SSH in as one of these user accounts.


I am in a trouble when I have to ask a question with negative verbs like:   Cannot we do the test? Will not we do the test ?   Are the sentences above correct?

I have found multiple questions touching on this but not a single one that has a comprehensive answer. The information is all there but in little bits.     etc.   Exactly why is "Do not you sleep?" ungrammatical (except in poetry/with artistic license)? I understand that not can't contract after you: "Do you not sleep?" because not can only contract after a verb, and that it always does after do: "Don't you sleep?" but why does it (why must it) contract if it's placed after the verb in a question?   Don't you sleep? (common form) Do not you sleep? (ungrammatical) Do you not sleep? (less common form)


I am trying to add a spinner with a backdrop as the loading screen but the spinner is not working when the action function is invoking. Action function is able to call the apex method but not invoking the actionstatus.  Here's the VF Page code,  <apex:form >      <apex:actionFunction name="paymentaction" action="{!test1}" status="pageStatus"/>
             <apex:actionStatus id="pageStatus">                         <apex:facet name="start">                             <apex:outputPanel >

                             </apex:outputPanel>                                         </apex:facet>                         </apex:actionStatus>   The command button here is in a different column of the grid but that does not seem to be the problem as it is invking subsequent functions just fine,  <apex:commandButton styleClass="slds-button slds-button_outline-brand" status="pageStatus"  value="{!$Label.Obtain_Token}" id="obtainToken" onclick="return doSomeWork();"/>  Apex Method :   public void test1(){         system.debug('In Test Method');         Integer start = System.Now().millisecond();         while(System.Now().millisecond()< start+10){          }     }   What am I doing wrong here? I also looked at  and would love to implement it with Modals and backdrop?

I am using Salesforce Lightning Design system and I'm currently working on a local html file and would like to create a button that when clicked, will cause a modal to open. I'd like to have a similar output like bootstrap modal that is triggered when a modal button is clicked. Is it possible to create a similar behavior without controllers? We will integrate it to salesforce later on.


I am editing an article and I want to create a method to track changes. I have defined a command  using newcommand to highlight everything written inside (I use it instead of newenvironment because I don't want newenvironment creating spaces between the text).  The code is the following:  \newcommand{\edited}[1]{%   \definecolor{hlcolor}{RGB}{255,255,0}\sethlcolor{hlcolor}%   \hl{#1}% }   And I use it this way:  text text text text \edited{highlighted text highlighted text  highlighted text highlighted text highlighted text highlighted text highlighted text highlighted text} text text text...   My problem is that when I try to citate something inside the macro...  text text text text \edited{highlighted text highlighted text  highlighted text \cite{Ref1} highlighted text highlighted text highlighted text highlighted text} text text text...   I get the error:  ! Argument of \@citex has an extra }. <inserted text>                  \par  l.225 ...ncy, reliability, and power consumption.}  ?    How can I solve this problem? I was using newcommand because I want some kind of macro that can have a behaviour change when needed (for example, delete the highlight when the document is finished).

The soul package provides a useful command \hl for highlighting text. However, \cite, \ref, and some other commands (maybe equations too) must be placed within an \mbox in order for \hl to work properly.  Is there any way to make this automatic? Meaning that to modify \hl (and other commands provided by soul) to put everything except plain text in an \mbox?  \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{soul} \begin{document}  \section{1}\label{sec} This is to show that \textbackslash{hl} fails to highlight texts containing citations or reference!  \hl{ This is one line containing a citation \mbox{\cite{}}}  \hl{ This is one line containing a reference \mbox{\ref{sec}}}   \end{document}


If $(a,p)=1$ and $p$ is an odd prime, prove the Legendre symbol sum  $$\sum _{n=1}^ p \left(\frac{an+b}{p}\right)=0.$$ Where $b$ is any integer.  I know the fact that $\sum_{a=1}^p \left( \frac{a}{p} \right)=0$. But I don't know how to treat with $b$.

I have a question about Legendre symbol.  Let $a$, $b$ be integers. Let $p$ be a prime not dividing $a$. Show that the Legendre symbol verifies: $$\sum_{m=0}^{p-1} \left(\frac{am+b}{p}\right)=0.$$  I know that $\displaystyle\sum_{m=0}^{p-1} \left(\frac{m}{p}\right)=0$, but how do I connect this with the previous formula?  Any help is appreciated.


I would like to write a short guidelines of LaTeX for my students. In the spirit of some LaTeX manuals, I'd like to present the code and the result as follows,    This example illustrate more or less what I'd like to do.  QUESTION(S)   Is the two-columns style realize with minipage? How could I insert the code in a way it shows highlighted?   Any help is welcome. Cheers.

I want to create a tutorial how to use TikZ now. Is there a listings configuration for TikZ as used in PGF/TikZ manual?  For example, I want to make \ as an integral part of tikz in \tikz, relevant macros must  have consistent colors, no annoying line numbers, PDF copy-paste friendly, etc.


My first Python program gets an input from the user about his birthday and calculate if he or she is 18+.  My while loop won't continue if the string "check" is equal to true; it's only working for True. Why not?  import time import datetime  check = "Null" year_born = month_born = day_born = 0  while check != "True": #or check!="true":         year_born = input("what year were you born?")         month_born = input("what month were you born?")         day_born = input("what day were you born?")         check = raw_input("your birth day is on {0}/{1}/{2}... type 'True' to confirme: ".format(day_born, month_born, year_born))  year_now = int(datetime.date.today().strftime("%Y")) month_now = int(datetime.date.today().strftime("%m")) day_now = int(datetime.date.today().strftime("%d"))  if (year_now - 18 > year_born) or (year_now - 18 == year_born and month_born <= month_now and day_born <= day_now):         print("You are 18+. you are allowed to enter")  else:          print("Good bye")   I tried while check != "True" or "true" and while check != "True" or check != "true" and while ((check != "True") or (check != "true)). None of them seem to work; it's just ignoring "true" and "True" and keeps looping.

How can I do case insensitive string comparison in Python?  I would like to encapsulate comparison of a regular strings to a repository string using in a very simple and Pythonic way. I also would like to have ability to look up values in a dict hashed by strings using regular python strings.


In Blender 2.80, I've deleted a material and have empty material slots on my objects. I want to clean this up.  I have this bit of code:  def clean_mat_slots(self):     bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='DESELECT')      for ob in bpy.data.objects:        if ob.type != 'MESH':            continue         ob.select_set(state=True)        bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = ob         # Delete all material slots in bounds object        for i in range(len(ob.material_slots)):            print("mat slot:", i)            ob.active_material_index = i - 1            bpy.ops.object.material_slot_remove()   But it does not clean up the slots as I expect. There are no errors reported when I run the code.   Any ideas?

Is there a quick way to delete all materials in the scene? I have a scene containing 20+ materials and all linked to objects. I'd like to remove all the materials from my blender file.


I almost always login through Stack Overflow,    but today I happened to clear my cache then go straight to Meta, which presented me with    Here, the Log In button does nothing for me. I am in an airport right now, so I tried waiting plenty (several minutes), tried multiple times, and also tried other sites concurrently to make sure it wasn't my connection. However, this button alone doesn't seem to respond.  I see an AJAX request going out for validation    but no response. All I see in the console is this, but on page load only:    Is anyone else able to reproduce this behavior? If not, I assume it's the airport connection. (I was able to login to post this question by logging into Stack Overflow first, then getting redirected on meta.)

We will be rolling out a new, fully re-factored and redesigned login & signup pathway on Meta tomorrow morning, just missing  back in October.    As many of you are aware, our current design has been around for years.  To keep everything secure, we had to use iframes and redirect users to openID.stackexchange.com during parts of our sign-up process.  We've known for quite a while where we wanted to take the design, but we were  to make it work.  What you'll find in the new version:   End to end SSL A simplified design placing the services that 95% of our users need front and center ( Don't worry, all of the old services are still there.  Except MyOpenID. It's still dead.) No more redirects to openID.stackexchange.com for email verification or account recovery Shorter, and separate, pathways for signup and login that don't use iframes.   We hope this new design will be easier and less confusing for new users and quicker for existing users.  Since this is a full refactor, it's likely we've missed some edge cases during internal testing. We would be very appreciative if you guys could kick the tires a little and let us know if something doesn't look right.  Please post requests and bug reports in this thread until we rollout network wide.    The new login and signup pages have now been rolled out on Meta - do your worst!


When $p\geq 2$ and $0\leq x\leq1$, how does one show the inequalities $$ \left(\frac{1-x}{2}\right)^p+\left(\frac{1+x}{2}\right)^p \leq \frac{1+x^p}{2}$$ and $$ 2(1+x^p)\leq (1+x)^p + (1-x)^p \ ?$$   The first one looks like a correction of the parallelogram law for powers greater than $p=2$, I've tried using that and rearranging but it hasn't worked. I've also tried differentiating but then I don't know how to handle the new expressions.  This is from a qualification exam on analysis. Basically the problem becomes trivial if one shows the inequalities.  Thank you!

For $a,b \in \mathbb R$, $p\geq2$ I try to show $$\left|\frac{a+b}{2}\right|^p+\left|\frac{a-b}{2}\right|^p\leq\frac{1}{2}|a|^p+\frac{1}{2}|b|^p.$$  Is this a popular inequality (At least I could not find it in the list of popular inequalities from wikipedia)? It seems to be related to convexity but I did not succeed to show it. A related inequality seems to be for $p \geq 1,a,b\geq0$  $$\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^p\leq \frac{1}{2}a^p+\frac{1}{2}b^p,$$ which directly follows from the convexity of $x^p$ for positive numbers.


I was trying to install xUbuntu Desktop 14.4 on Lenovo T450s without success. The standard installation freezes immediately after showing the two icons in the beginning never switching to graphics mode.  Did anyone manage to install it from stock installation.

All operating systems freeze sometimes, and Ubuntu is no exception. What should I do to regain control when...   just one program stops responding? nothing at all responds to mouse clicks or key presses? the mouse stops moving entirely? I have an    In what order should I try various solutions before deciding to pull the power plug?  What should I do when starting up Ubuntu fails?  Is there a diagnostic procedure I can follow?


Using the SLDS system, I am having issues vertically centering the components. I am trying to have the street, city lightning:inputs and the search button the same level as the never,cold,active buttons, like in the picture below. Please advise!

                                     <lightning:input aura:id="bStreet" placeholder="Street Name"/>

                                     <lightning:input aura:id="bCity" placeholder="City"/>
                             	                                                  <button class="slds-button slds-button_brand" onclick="{!c.searchAddress}">Search</button>
                                     <lightning:buttonGroup aura:id="filterBtnGroup">                                         <lightning:button aura:id="btnNever" label="Never" variant="neutral" onclick="{! c.filterSelected }" value="never"/>                                         <lightning:button aura:id="btnCold" label="Cold" variant="neutral" onclick="{! c.filterSelected }" value="cold"/>                                         <lightning:button aura:id="btnActive" label="Active" variant="neutral" onclick="{! c.filterSelected }" value="active"/>                                     </lightning:buttonGroup>                                     <aura:if isTrue="{!v.clearBtnVisibility}">                                         <lightning:button label="X" variant="destructive" onclick="{! c.filterSelected }" value="clear"/>                                     </aura:if>

Hi, I want to create a table in my lightning component. I created 2 lightning:input fields and want to change the vertical alignment to "middle" but it does not work.   I tried to do the following:  <lightning:input />	   and this:   <lightning:input />	   and this:  <lightning:input />	   I am using slds:

...

 [td in the middle of the cell]

   I hope someone can help me. Thanks!


How can I say "Credited as an inventor" as if I am part of many inventors

Both verbs seem to mean the same thing -- to attribute 'X' to Mr. 'Y'. On looking it up, I found:  credit - publicly acknowledge a contributor's role in the production of (something published or broadcast).  accredit - give credit to (someone) for something.  Am I overthinking this, or is there really a difference I should know of?


I am looking for a site on Stack Exchange in which I can ask questions about Google's algorithm.  I am interested in knowing what makes a Google search result (website, link, photo, video, news article, etc.) more prominent or less prominent in a search, and what "Online Reputation Management" websites use in order to "suppress" certain results and make them less prominent in the search.

There seems to be more than a few computer science/programming Stack Exchange networks (is that the correct term?). Stack Overflow, being the first, has by far the most users, questions, and answers.  What is the reasoning for creating the others, and are there clear guidelines for which kinds of questions should be posted? I can see a large amount of potential overflow, many cases of people not getting a good answer to their question, because the person who has the answer isn't browsing that particular network at the moment.  I understand that they were probably created for organizational purposes, but wouldn't it almost make more sense to just have them as categories under Stack Overflow, keep them separated but still connected, instead of making people have to create multiple 'account's, one for each network?  I am sure there was a very good reason to break them up, but as someone that is new to SE, it can be somewhat intimidating to decide which one to post in to ensure you get a good answer. For example, if I am a computer science student, my first instinct might to be to post in the computer science network, until I see that it literally has 1% of the users as the Stack Overflow network, which still seems to be for programming/computer science related questions.  So my second instinct would then to be to post it into the Stack Overflow site on the basis that I have a significantly higher chance of my question being seen and getting a good answer. Then I notice that there is also a 'programmers' network, and I don't even begin to know where that fits in. I, and I am assuming most people, will probably just post on Stack Overflow to be safe.  My question is, other than the short little description blurb of each one, is there a clear cut set of guidelines which what each network is intended for, what kinds of questions should go to each one, and is anything being done to encourage people to post in these newer, smaller (more specialized?) networks as opposed to just posting in big daddy Stack Overflow?  Now again, this is for computer science/programming/"why isn't this code doing what I want?" related questions, I am not saying that if I had a question about Linux or WordPress or something I would have the same confusion.


Hi so I have an object that has an array in it however when i try to print the the array itself it prints [Ljava.lang.String;@7637f22 I assume i am not calling it right and would like to know how i may go about doing so?

In Java, arrays don't override toString(), so if you try to print one directly, you get the className + '@' + the hex of the  of the array, as defined by Object.toString():  int[] intArray = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; System.out.println(intArray);     // prints something like '[I@3343c8b3'   But usually, we'd actually want something more like [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the simplest way of doing that? Here are some example inputs and outputs:  // Array of primitives: int[] intArray = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; //output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]  // Array of object references: String[] strArray = new String[] {"John", "Mary", "Bob"}; //output: [John, Mary, Bob]


I tried to ask on Stack Overflow for a tool or technology choice, and my question was closed as non-constructive or not intended for Stack Overflow. I tried to ask the same question on , and it was closed with the same reasoning.   I see that those types of questions usually have a lot of up-votes, but they are typically closed quickly. So, there exists a need for a forum where people can discuss which technology//tool to use, but I haven't found something like that yet.   Is there a place like that within the Stack Exchange Network?

I am wondering where is a good place or how is a good way to ask a question on what software tools to use for a specific task.  A lot of the time when searching for information on these types of problems stackoverflow comes up with the top and actually useful discussions and answers, but the question is locked.  I completely understand the point of discouraging "best of" or list questions as discussed in this question () and agree they often aren't constructive enough to justify the effort in moderating them.  What I am wondering is where is the right place to have a discussion like this? Stackoverflow has a good and active community so perhaps there is another section or related site I can ask less specific questions. And I do find some value in reading people's opinions, even if subjective on issues like this.  Here are some examples of the kind of questions I mean:    and   First results in google when searching for those subjects and some useful discussion.  Perhaps asking a question like this but with a strict and detailed specification it might be considered a valid and reasonable question to ask on stackoverflow; perhaps it's just a case of re-thinking how to ask a question. Or perhaps there's a more relevant place for this kind of discussion. Please let me know what you think.


Let $p$ be a polynomial over the set of positive integers such that $p(n) > n$  for all positive integers $n$. It is also known that for every positive positive integer $m$, there exists a term of the sequence $1,\, p(1),\, p(p(1)),\, p(p(p(1))), \dots$ divisible by $m$. Then it is easy to see that $p(n) = n + 1$ satisfies all the criteria, cause then $p(n) > n$ and the sequence becomes $1, 2, 3, \ldots$ just the sequence of all positive integers. Does there exist any other polynomial which satisfy all the criteria ?

A polynomial $P$ with integral coefficients satisfies $P(n)>n$ for all positive integers $n$. Every positive integer $m$ is a factor of some number of the form $P(1),\, P(P(1)),\, P(P(P(1))),\dots $. Prove that $P(x)=x+1$.


I wrote a simple APEX class that should send some data as a HTTP POST request to some webhook. It receives some parameters as a collection and is called from a flow.  global class send_sms_to_webhook {      @InvocableMethod      public static void post_to_webhook(List<List<String>> input) {          Http http = new Http();         HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();         request.setEndpoint(''); //AWS endpoint         request.setMethod('POST');         request.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json;charset=UTF-8');         request.setHeader('Authorization', 'Bearer ');         request.setBody('{"number":"' + input.get(0).get(0) + '","body":"' + input.get(0).get(1) + '","title":"' + input.get(0).get(2) + '"}');         HttpResponse response = http.send(request);     } }   For this post I left the Authorization and Endpoint out. Everything works well in the sandbox, but when I push it to production it fails code coverage.

This is a canonical question and answer developed by the community to help address common questions. If you've been directed here, or your question has been closed as a duplicate, please look through the resources here and use them to shape more specific questions. To browse all canonical questions and answers, including more unit test resources, navigate to the  tag.  This canonical question is intended to address several classes of common questions by providing a quick summary and links to comprehensive resources:   How is code coverage obtained and calculated? How do I increase my coverage?  Why can't I cover these lines? Why isn't the body of my loop or conditional statement covered?


I host gameservers on my dedicated server and was setting up the firewall a few days ago (had to set everything up again, hard drive failed and I forgot to back-up).  Everything ran fine, firewall rules worked properly, until I had to reboot the server. I rebooted the server using the standard reboot command, and the server never came back up.  I contacted my provider who looked at it, and observed that the rules in iptables were completely reset, blocking every port on the server.  I had enabled the firewall via sudo ufw enable and had added the relevant in iptables ():  sudo ufw enable sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.95.217/32 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.95.217/32 -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.95.217/32 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.110.75/32 -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.110.75/32 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.116.59/32 -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.116.59/32 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 188.138.110.103/32 -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 188.138.110.103/32 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.110.75/32 -p tcp --dport 8880 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.110.75/32 -p tcp --dport 8881 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.116.59/32 -p tcp --dport 8880 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 85.25.116.59/32 -p tcp --dport 8881 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 188.138.110.103/32 -p tcp --dport 8880 -j DROP sudo iptables -A INPUT -d 188.138.110.103/32 -p tcp --dport 8881 -j DROP sudo iptables-save > /etc/network/iptables.rules reboot   In my interfaces file I have put pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/network/iptables.rules at the end.  What did I do wrong, or if I didn't do anything wrong, why did ufw reset/block all ports when the server was rebooted?

Is there a "best practice" or standard to make a few iptables rules permanent? I mean: automatically applied upon a system reboot?  I am using a VPS with Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx).  Thank you.  BIG EDIT: I don't want ANY rule to be persisted (like iptables-persistent package does). I want only my own specific set to be reloaded... if other rules are eventually added by running iptables, these should be discarded...


This is a question that I asked 2 days ago. But it was not solved.....  Let $\mathbb{Z}_n ^*$ be the set of all units in $\mathbb{Z}_n$  and $(\mathbb{Z}_n ^*)^2$ = $\{ a^2 | a \in \mathbb{Z}_n ^*\} $  Then,  decompose the factor group  $\mathbb{Z}_n ^* / (\mathbb{Z}_n ^*)^2$   when $n$ is an odd prime when $n$ is a product of two distinct odd primes $p, q$   I solved the first as following: In $\mathbb{Z}_p$, since $x^2=(p-x)^2$ holds, the order of $(\mathbb{Z}_n ^*)^2$ is exactly the half of that of $\mathbb{Z}_n ^*$.  Thus, the answer is $\mathbb{Z}_2$.  However the second is more complicated. I didn't know that. Please help me to solve this.

Let $\mathbb{Z}_n ^*$ be the set of all units in $\mathbb{Z}_n$  and $(\mathbb{Z}_n ^*)^2$ = $\{ a^2 | a \in \mathbb{Z}_n ^*\} $  Then,  decompose the factor group  $\mathbb{Z}_n ^* / (\mathbb{Z}_n ^*)^2$  1.when $n$ is an odd prime  2.when $n$ is a product of two distinct odd primes $p, q$  I solved the first as following: In $\mathbb{Z}_p$, since $x^2=(p-x)^2$ holds, the order of $(\mathbb{Z}_n ^*)^2$ is exactly the half of that of $\mathbb{Z}_n ^*$.  Thus, the answer is $\mathbb{Z}_2$.  However the second is more complicated. I didn't know that. Please help me to solve this.


Following instructions from  , I can type Chinese in TexShop, the characters shows properly in PDF file.  What I did is replacing   \documentclass[10pt]{article}   with   % !TEX program = XeLaTeX % !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode \documentclass[UTF8,nofonts,10pt]{ctexart} \setCJKmainfont[BoldFont=FandolSong-Bold.otf,ItalicFont=FandolKai-Regular.otf]{FandolSong-Regular.otf} \setCJKsansfont[BoldFont=FandolHei-Bold.otf]{FandolHei-Regular.otf} \setCJKmonofont{FandolFang-Regular.otf}   However, after changing the tex file header, the line spacing becomes bigger.  Before    After     Edit according to request from comments:  The part generating the paragraph is like this:   \noindent Let $E/F$ be a field extension, $\alpha \in E$. The {\bf minimal polynomial} of $\alpha$ is the monic polynomial of least degree among all polynomials in $F[x]$ having $\alpha$ as a root; it exists when $\alpha$ is algebraic over $F$, that is, when $f(\alpha) = 0$ for some non-zero polynomial $f(x) \in F[x]$.  最小多项式   The whole tex file is as below (I copied the header from somewhere else, not really understand every line)  % !TEX program = XeLaTeX % !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode \documentclass[UTF8,nofonts,10pt]{ctexart} \setCJKmainfont[BoldFont=FandolSong-Bold.otf,ItalicFont=FandolKai-Regular.otf]{FandolSong-Regular.otf} \setCJKsansfont[BoldFont=FandolHei-Bold.otf]{FandolHei-Regular.otf} \setCJKmonofont{FandolFang-Regular.otf}  \usepackage{amsfonts,amssymb,amsmath,amsthm,epsfig,latexsym} \newcommand{\nc}{\newcommand} \def\nr{\par \noindent}  \theoremstyle{plain} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem} \newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma} \newtheorem{definition}{Definition} \newtheorem{prop}{Proposition} \newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary} \newtheorem{remark}{Remark}  % This is FULLPAGE.STY by H.Partl, Version 2 as of 15 Dec 1988. % Document Style Option to fill the paper just like Plain TeX. \typeout{Style Option FULLPAGE Version 2 as of 15 Dec 1988}  \topmargin 0pt \advance \topmargin by -\headheight \advance \topmargin by -\headsep  \textheight 8.9in  \oddsidemargin 0pt \evensidemargin \oddsidemargin \marginparwidth 0.5in  \textwidth 6.5in % For users of A4 paper: The above values are suited for american 8.5x11in % paper. If your output driver performs a conversion for A4 paper, keep % those values. If your output driver conforms to the TeX standard (1in/1in), % then you should add the following commands to center the text on A4 paper:  % \advance\hoffset by -3mm  % A4 is narrower. % \advance\voffset by  8mm  % A4 is taller.  \begin{document}  \noindent Let $E/F$ be a field extension, $\alpha \in E$. The {\bf minimal polynomial} of $\alpha$ is the monic polynomial of least degree among all polynomials in $F[x]$ having $\alpha$ as a root; it exists when $\alpha$ is algebraic over $F$, that is, when $f(\alpha) = 0$ for some non-zero polynomial $f(x) \in F[x]$.  最小多项式  \end{document}

Can anyone describe how one can type Chinese in LaTeX? When I compile this:  \documentclass{article} \begin{document}  你好吗？ \end{document}   the resulting document shows nothing. For reference my IME is iBus 1.3.9 on Fedora 13.


I used a translator due to poor English. As a person who can't handle Blender well, I was just following while watching a video when the key called grless came out. After it came out, all the mash became softer. I don't know which key to press.

I'm watching different tutorials and making with them different models. And in one of those videos an author used keys Shift + GRLESS. I've never found such key name before, so I'm wondering now, what is it and where is it?