When my Ubuntu server starts up, I see a message that says: kernel: [11.895392] init: failsafe main process (631) killed by TERM signal. I would like to know what process this is but I'm not sure where to look.  When I search through my syslog and kernel.log, I don't see any evidence of processes starting and being given an identifier (PID).  I'd like to investigate my boot message (failsafe main process killed...) but first, I need to answer the question: When a process starts, where is that logged and does the PID that is assigned to it get logged as well?  I understand that a process will write a PID file to reference later as necessary, but once the process is killed, can I find out what PID it used to have?

From the question , the OP wants to repeatedly poll the pid of a process using pidof in a shell script. Of course this is inefficient as a new process must be started for the pidof program multiple times per second (I don't know that this is the cause of the CPU spikes in the question, but it seems likely).  Usually the way around this kind of thing in a shell script is to work with a single program that outputs the data you need on stdout and then doing some text processing if necessary. While this involves more programs to be running concurrently, it is likely to be less CPU intensive since new processes are not being continually created to for polling purposes.  So for the above question, one solution might be to have some program which outputs the names and pids of processes as they are created. Then you could do something like:  pids-names |   grep some_program |   cut -f 2 |   while read pid; do     process-pid "$pid"   done   The problem with this is that it raises a more fundamental question, how can pids and process names be printed as they are created?  I have found a program called ps-watcher, though the problem with this is that it is just a perl script which repeatedly runs ps so it doesn't really solve the problem. Another option is to use auditd which could probably work if the log was processed directly via tail -f. An ideal solution would be simpler and more portable than this, though I will accept an auditd solution if it is the best option.


I have filenames stored in a database table along with other info. In a report I want the file extensions of the stored data. The database connection is made earlier in the code and not shown. Here's the code I use to retrieve the data:   <php     $query = $con->query('SELECT distinct(d.log_time), d.address, d.filename , i.country, i.area, i.city FROM download as d, lookup as i WHERE filename is not null and d.ref = i.id ORDER BY log_time, address, filename,country,area,city');   while ($row = $query->fetch())  {     echo "
";     echo "" . $row['log_time'] ."	";     echo "" . $row['address'] ."	";     echo "" . $row['filename'] ."	";     echo "" . $row['country'] . "	";     echo "" . $row['area'] . "	";     echo "" . $row['city'] . "	";     echo "
"; } ?>   How do I get just the file extension for each filename?

This is a question you can read everywhere on the web with various answers:  $ext = end(explode('.', $filename)); $ext = substr(strrchr($filename, '.'), 1); $ext = substr($filename, strrpos($filename, '.') + 1); $ext = preg_replace('/^.*\.([^.]+)$/D', '$1', $filename);  $exts = split("[/\\.]", $filename); $n    = count($exts)-1; $ext  = $exts[$n];   etc.  However, there is always "the best way" and it should be on Stack Overflow.


Let $W^{1,p}(U)$ be the Sobolev space, where $U$ is a connected   bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $u\in W^{1,p}(U)$ satisfying   $Du=0$ a.e. in $U$. Then $u$ is constant a.e. in $U$.   I don't know how to prove this. Especially, I don't know how to use "connected".  Please guide me.

Let $W^{1,p}(U)$ be the Sobolev space. Suppose that $U$ is connected bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $u \in W^{1,p}(U)$ satisfies $Du=0$ a.e. in $U$. How can I prove that $u$ is constant a.e. in $U$?


i am making a game and it uses a gird i can implement it by extending arraylist for example:  public class Grid extends ArrayList<ArrayList<obj>>  {      public void addObj(Obj obj ,int x, int y)      {            get(x).set(y,obj);      } }   or should i do it by storing it  public class Grid {       private ArrayList<ArrayList<obj>> objs = new ArrayList<...>();         public void addObj( Obj obj, int x, int y)        {           objs.get(x).set(y,obj);        } }   help plz

Why prefer composition over inheritance?  What trade-offs are there for each approach?  When should you choose inheritance over composition?


We often come across questions on Meta where users complaint/rant that they can't ask/answer any further question; some come here for advice on how to overcome this restriction and re-juvenate their user accounts like the following one:      So, can we have some statistics about how many users are getting banned on a periodic basis and how many of them are able to recover and overcome this ban, what was the extent of effort required on their part to recover from this ban (amount of upvotes they had to receive, edit suggestions they had to made, etc), time period taken to overcome and other similar statistics which would help to assess the situation?

There is a steady stream of duplicates of  coming in lately. It's got me wondering. Roughly speaking, out of say 100 folks who get this ban, how many    wander away and never interact with SO again?   do the sorts of things that might lift a ban, but don't get it lifted? do the sorts of things they should, and lift the ban? post a question of their own on Meta which we close as a dupe?   Among the continue-to-interact folks, is there a difference in success rate between those who post on Meta about it (motivated, but not good rules-readers, who nonetheless get customized advice) and those who do not (better rules readers, but working to some extent blind) - which do better?  Is there a reasonable chance of recovering from a ban, assuming you care enough to try?


I have a problem with the code. This is the process -    First you enter your name Then you enter your age Then you enter your password (default value is "anybody")   Name and age can be entered without problem but the program evaluates the password with error. When you enter your password correctly, it still returns as false.  Please  Help me!! Thanks.      import java.util.Scanner;      public class MyClass {      public static void main(String[] args) {         String name;         int age;         boolean trueOrFalse;         boolean trueOrFalse2;          String builtInPassword = "anybody";          Scanner keyBoardInput = new Scanner(System.in);              System.out.print("Please enter your First name: ");             name = keyBoardInput.next();             System.out.print("Please enter your age: ");             age = keyBoardInput.nextInt();             trueOrFalse = false;             trueOrFalse2 = true;             System.out.print("Please enter your Password: ");         if (keyBoardInput.next() == builtInPassword) {             System.out.println(trueOrFalse2);         } else {             System.out.println(trueOrFalse);         }       } }

I've been using the == operator in my program to compare all my strings so far. However, I ran into a bug, changed one of them into .equals() instead, and it fixed the bug.  Is == bad? When should it and should it not be used? What's the difference?


I have just read  about displaying only the questions with at least 4 close votes:     Now, only questions with at least 4 votes/flags are listed in the close review queue. If you're thinking, "that's crazy!" THEN YOU'RE RIGHT! This dramatically reduces the utility of the queue. But, we've had one or two complaints about the size of the backlog, so it's time we took care of it.   I wanted to see the changes, and yeah, there are only 11.6k posts. I started to review them and I opened one to see how many close votes it has. It had 3 close votes. I guessed I was a temp problem.  Trying to reproduce the problem I opened another one. Randomly I will take the second one that appeared in the queue and has 1 close vote.           And here the vote count:           Aren't they completely burned down? :-)

As most of us know, there has been a change to the close vote review queue. In that it is only showing the questions with 4 close votes now. However, this question only has 3. .          To answer the comment stating that there is 1 close vote for "off topic" as well as the 3 "too broad" close votes. It only shows 3 here too.           I just voted to close, and refreshed that question page and now it shows 4 close votes. So it only did have 3 close votes.        Any explanation for why this is?


In Skyrim, I want to marry Serana, the follower you get from the Dawnguard quest series.  Is it possible, if not, will it ever be?

In the vein of  - Pete Hines, Bethesda's VP of PR and Marketing, when asked if Skyrim would support gay marriage :     You can marry anyone...Not any NPC, just mean any male or female.   So obviously some NPCs are off the list.  I assume I can't marry Jarl Balgruuf, but what about Irileth?  What about the Graybeards?  What about already-married NPCs?  Is it any "important" NPC, or is it more or less than that?  Has the Skyrim Creation Kit shed any light on how to determine this?


How do I get Minecraft on my new pc after buying it on my old one that got fried without having to pay for it again?

I plan on buying a gaming PC as I expect to be able to get it around a year and I currently have a laptop that I play (a pirated version of) minecraft. I heard that minecraft broke out off of the "cringe culture", which convinced me to finally buy it (for now) and later buy the gaming PC, but...  The thing I'm wondering about is, if I buy minecraft on a laptop, will I be able to avoid the whole buying part when I'll get a gaming PC in the future?  Just want to know if I just need to re-download minecraft and log-in on my mojang account or (in the worst case) re-purchase minecraft and log-in on my mojang account...


In my drawings I use a hand drawn looking line style to indicate discontinuity. Therefore I use a random line style. Since you cannot change the decoration in between a path creation, I’m facing a problem. How do I fill an area that is defined by such a style? Or to rephrase it: how can I fill the second rectangle in the following example?  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}  \tikzset{handwritten/.style = {     decorate, decoration={random steps, segment length=2mm, amplitude=0.3mm}     } }  \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}         \draw[fill=green] (0,0) -- ++(left:3) --  ++(down:1) [handwritten] -- ++(right:3) -- cycle;     \end{tikzpicture}     \begin{tikzpicture}         \draw (0,0) -- ++(left:3);         \draw[handwritten] (-3,0) --  ++(down:1);         \draw (-3,-1) -- ++(right:3);         \draw[handwritten] (0,-1) -- (0,0);     \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}

This might be a tikz newbie question but I have some trouble solving this.  I want to draw and fill a rectangular path where path morphing should be applied only to the upper side of the shape, more specifically I want to have an upper part with random steps. The rest of the path (left, lower and right sides) should just be straight lines. The shape should be closed and filled with one color.   My problem is that I cannot figure out how to apply the morphing only to the upper side and I suppose I cannot break up the path into different subpaths since I want to fill the final shape. Is there a way to use the morphing only on a part of the full path? Another problem is that the cycle command does not really close the shape at the upper left corner.  I tried to find a solution in the tikz manual but there was nothing that really helped me.  Here is some example code:  \documentclass[tikz, border=10pt]{standalone} \usepackage{tikz}  \begin{document}  \usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing} \begin{tikzpicture}  \draw[decorate, decoration={random steps,segment length=3.0mm, amplitude=2.0mm}, thick, rounded corners=1ex, fill=brown!70] (0,0) -- (4,0) -- ++(0, -1) -- ++(-4,0) -- cycle;   \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}


Is there any query to find all tables in oracle that contains a particular text?  similar to UNIX syntax grep -rls 'text'   I have used the query select * from user_source where text like '%text%'; to find the text in packages.

Is it possible to search every field of every table for a particular value in Oracle?  There are hundreds of tables with thousands of rows in some tables so I know this could take a very long time to query. But the only thing I know is that a value for the field I would like to query against is 1/22/2008P09RR8. <  I've tried using this statement below to find an appropriate column based on what I think it should be named but it returned no results.  SELECT * from dba_objects  WHERE object_name like '%DTN%'   There is absolutely no documentation on this database and I have no idea where this field is being pulled from.  Any thoughts?


How can I change the desktop wallpaper from the command line in Ubuntu Desktop 13.04?  I most recent tried the following, but it did not work:  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file://$HOME/NaturalHistoryMuseum_EN-US7862662491_1920x1200.jpg   Update: as commented by @Lucio below, the command worked if I used a path without a variable:  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:///home/user/NaturalHistoryMuseum_EN-US7862662491_1920x1200.jpg

I have a script that updates my desktop background every day with the NASA APOD. Since upgrading to 11.10, that script stopped working, presumably because I'm using gconftool-2 to actually update the desktop background. Is there a new way to do this under Unity?


Factorial system,  hi how can I convert decimal number to "factorial system" like this:  $(100)_{10}$ $= 4⋅4! + 0⋅3! + 2⋅2! + 0⋅1! $ = $(4020)_{!}$  Multipliers of consecutive positions are defined by the force of consecutive positive natural numbers.

My friend thought of a system in which each number $n$ (I will first restrict my question to positive integers $n$) is represented by a digit string $(d_l,...,d_1)$ as follows $\forall n \in \mathbb{N}, \exists l \in \mathbb{N}: n = (d_l, d_{l-1}, ..., d_2, d_1) = \sum_{i=1}^l (d_i*(i!))$ where $\forall i \in \mathbb{N}, d_i \in \mathbb{N}: d_i \leq i$ and specifically $\forall i>l, d_i = 0$ ; note that each integer $d_i$ would be represented in decimal with at least 1 digit (in general, these factorial digits can be quite long in decimal representation)- but this is not an issue at the moment [because his system uses a finite alphabet via balanced quinary for each $d_i$].  [In this post, any number shown is in decimal.]  For example, $$1729=2*6! + 2*5! + 2*4! + 1=(2,2,2,0,0,1)$$ and $$1729^3 = (10*12!+9*11!+5*10!+3*9!+6*8!) + 1729 = (10, 9, 5, 3, 6, 0,2,2,2,0,0,1)$$.  My question is: how would this digit string $(d_l,...,d_1)$ be computed most efficiently for general positive integer n? I have mostly just been trying to guess at the largest $l \in \mathbb{N}: l*(l!) \leq n, (l+1)! > n$ and then (once I have found it), I just go through digit-by-digit, working my way down in values of candidate $d_i$ (mostly by squeeze theorem with the goal of finding out that $d_i + 1$ is too large first and then next testing $d_i$ and finding that it works). This process can be quite arduous. What would you recommend doing, algorithmically and efficiently? Bragging rights for Mathematica code that automates the process.  (Using Stirling's formula might be helpful, but it still requires a lot of playing around.)  What modifications would need to be made for general real numbers (including nonintegers)? After the radix point, it works similarly, but with $(i!)^{-1}$ (where, I think, $d_i<i \forall i \in \mathbb{N}$ and where the first such base is $\frac{1}{2!}$).  More generally and philosophically, are there any spiritual problems with this representation? It is meant to be rather compact and alien. What are some cool properties that it exhibits?


I found this on :     $$e^i = (e^i)^{(2\pi/2\pi)} = (e^{2\pi i})^{1/2\pi} = 1^{1/2\pi} = > 1.$$      I first saw this one many years ago, written on the wall of a bathroom   stall in the Princeton University math department.   I don't know a whole lot about Euler's identity and related topics. Why is this proof false?

$$e^{i} = e^{i2\pi/2\pi} = (e^{2\pi i})^{1/(2\pi)} = 1^{1/(2\pi )} = 1$$  Obviously, one of my algebraic manipulations is not valid.


If I form alter a form, I see the form_id as MY_FORM_ID; I see this in the $form_id parameter to hook_form_alter as well as in the $form_state->build_info['form_id']. In the rendered output of the form, however, I see the id attribute has something like MY-FORM-ID--2, with a --INT modifier. If I output the same form twice on a page, while logged in the modifier is changed with each render (e.g. MY-FORM-ID--2 and MY-FORM-ID--4), however the modifier is not changed when viewing as anon. This creates an instance where two elements have the same id attribute which is no good! :(   Where does core add the modifier? How can I add a modifier?

I am designing a site that has a variety of points in which I need to render "workflow" buttons that are used to send actions to an external application.   I used the form API to generate these buttons, and am using the #submit => option on my buttons to direct specific button types to custom functions. I am also using hidden fields to house data that I use to facilitate the action.   The problem I am having is that these buttons can and should show up multiple times per page, for different aspects of the application, and whenever I click one of the buttons Drupal attempts to submit all of the forms.   I guess what i am asking is, how can I have multiple instances of the exact same form on screen at any given time, and know with certainty that the submit buttons are only going to trigger actions for the specific instance of the form they belong to?  thanks in advance!!  Edit  So here is the crux of the problem - it appears that the getFormId needs to return a unique value, but I cannot figure out how to pass unique values into it.


I've got a WiiU/Swtich GameCube USB adapter that I'd like to plug into my computer (device 1) as well as my Nintendo Switch (device 2) and have both devices recognize that USB adapter and the controller plugged into it.  I have seen some products that allow you to switch between the two devices but they won’t work for what I'm trying to do unless I can trick it to broadcast data to both connections. It is not advertised on box as a feature so it is probably not possible.  Those switches look something like this  and can be picked up for $9 to $20 bucks at my local Fry’s electronics shop:    I was reading up on folks with similar situations and ran into this other Super User post, “” not exactly what I'm trying to do but it had lots of good information including  using 2 spliced USB wires.     Thats so simple -if you know a little bit soldering- first get one female usb socket then get two usb cable solder two cables GND,DATA+,DATA- pins together solder 2 piece diodes for 2 cables + pin then connect flash drive to female socket and connect 2 cables to 2 pc NOTE 1 : why we use diode , because we didnt want burn anything NOTE 2 : NEVER OVERLOAD FLASH DRIVE IN THIS MODE   Well I do know some soldering and the guy at Fry’s seemed to think it could work. He also suggested splitting the USB on the GameCube adapter and going that route.  So my question is  describes a solution that would splice 2 wires together to produce a single female end and a 2 pronged male side. Would this cable configuration properly transfer USB data to both devices that it is plugged into? Why not do something like this if I have all the kit? Anything glaringly obvious I'm overlooking with USB 2.0 vs 3.0?  I also noticed that the answer shown above seems to only reference a few of the cables in the USB 3.0 diagram. So I am ssuming this description is for USB 2.0?

I'd like to connect an USB storage device to 2 computers at the same time (With a cable, not over the network). Is this possible?  Context: I want my Raspberry Pi to save output on an external USB-storage, and then be able to read the output on a Windows XP PC.


Suppose I find a solution in Google Books, paste it as an answer on Stack Overflow, then provide its link for further studies on that topic. Is it legal to do that?

Other users have been leaving me angry and hostile comments accusing me of plagiarism and saying that I'm a liar and I should stop stealing answers. But I have only been copying content from other sites, not taking answers from other users.   I don't understand what is wrong here. Shouldn't we be focused on building all the content and knowledge in a single place, much like Wikipedia does?  What does it matter that I copy and paste content I've found elsewhere so long as the question gets an answer?


For some reason I have created my Stack Overflow account linked from my Google account. Can I create a Stack Exchange account and connect my existing Stack Overflow account to the new one and unlink it from Google?

I accidentally posted a question without being logged in. Is there a way to associate that question with my account?   For more information, visit "" in the .   a.k.a. How can you link a registered account to a cookie-based account? a.k.a. How do I merge an unregistered account with a registered account a.k.a. Merging users a.k.a. How do I associate anonymous questions I’ve asked with my registered account? a.k.a. Is there a way to claim an unregistered user? (in case anyone searches with those terms)


I am getting this Error 99, when I turn the Power switch "Off" and then turn it back "On".  I am using an 18-55 Lens and I found somewhere that flapping the SD Card Slot will resolve this, it did. However now when I turn the Power switch to "Off" and then turn it back to "On", I do not get the display on the screen, only when i remove the Battery and put it back on, I get the display back. Is this a known issue in Canon 1000D ? Will a firmware update resolve the issue ?

Err 99      Shooting is not possible.   Turn the power switch to <OFF> and <ON> again or re-install the battery.   Every now and then when shooting with this lens, I'll get this error and have to turn the camera off and on to resolve. Of course I've missed the shot of the day by this time!  I'm pretty sure it's the lens, because I've shot with plenty other lenses on that body, and never get the error..  Anybody found a better solution, short of sending the lens in?


I've looked at a lot of similar questions about this but haven't found anything to solve my issue.  I would like to be able to open an ssh connection to my university's server and keep the connection open in the background. What I'm doing is I ssh into the uni server and run a script, then scp a file from there to my remote, like:  $ssh remote@remote.edu "./bin/script" remote@remote.edu's password: $scp remote@remote.edu:~/some_file.txt . remote@remote.edu's password:   I do this sequence of commands a ton, and eventually my connection gets refused because the university mistakes it for malicious software. So what I'd like to be able to do is open the ssh connection once, then keep it open so I can continuously run the script on the remote server. I don't want to open the ssh connection in another terminal as its very annoying having two terminals open and constantly alt+tab'ing to the wrong one. Surely there must be a way to do this, I would really appreciate some help.

I see from the ssh_config man page that you can share connections to host@user using ControlPath and ControlMaster. Is there any way to do this opportunistically for each combination of local user, remote user, and remote host? So that the first connection to testuser@remotelaptop is shared when you ssh into it the second time and the first is still running?   (I use ssh keys. I'm not sure if that would make it easier or harder).


I have a university assignment and i need to have some sort of function that detects the presence of a binary sequence (in my case, it should be a "virus" signature -> the assignment is to create some sort of antivirus that checks files for viruses ) in a file. To do this i believe i need to get the whole binary content of the file, and check the presence of that signature. The problem is that every function i found gives me the content of the file, not the raw binary data. Any ideas how i should proceed with this? Thanks !

How do I read a file into a std::string, i.e., read the whole file at once?  Text or binary mode should be specified by the caller. The solution should be standard-compliant, portable and efficient. It should not needlessly copy the string's data, and it should avoid reallocations of memory while reading the string.  One way to do this would be to stat the filesize, resize the std::string and fread() into the std::string's const_cast<char*>()'ed data(). This requires the std::string's data to be contiguous which is not required by the standard, but it appears to be the case for all known implementations. What is worse, if the file is read in text mode, the std::string's size may not equal the file's size.  A fully correct, standard-compliant and portable solutions could be constructed using std::ifstream's rdbuf() into a std::ostringstream and from there into a std::string. However, this could copy the string data and/or needlessly reallocate memory.    Are all relevant standard library implementations smart enough to avoid all unnecessary overhead?  Is there another way to do it?  Did I miss some hidden Boost function that already provides the desired functionality?     void slurp(std::string& data, bool is_binary)


$languages_knows=array( 'English' =>t('English'), 'Hindi' => t('Hindi'), 'Marathi' => t('Marathi')  );  $form['languages_known'] = array( '#title' => t('Language Spoken'), '#options' => $languages_knows,   '#type' => 'checkboxes' ); function lawyer_register_form_submit($form, $form_state) { //Does something with successfully submited form fields. global $user;  $user = db_insert('lawyer_details') ->fields(array( 'first_name' => $form_state['values']['first_name'], 'middle_name' => $form_state['values']['middle_name'], 'last_name' => $form_state['values']['last_name'], 'languages_known'=>$form_state['values']['languages_known'], ))->execute();   Please help me.they gives error     PDOException: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away: INSERT INTO {lawyer_details} (first_name, middle_name, last_name, street_address, city, country, phone, email_id, speciality, languages_known) VALUES (:db_insert_placeholder_0, :db_insert_placeholder_1, :db_insert_placeholder_2, :db_insert_placeholder_3, :db_insert_placeholder_4, :db_insert_placeholder_5, :db_insert_placeholder_6, :db_insert_placeholder_7, :db_insert_placeholder_8, :db_insert_placeholder_9);

Recently I started getting an error every time I try and add a content no matter what type.  This is the error that shows up in the browser:     Additional uncaught exception thrown while handling exception.        Original   PDOException: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away: SELECT COUNT(cid) FROM {comment} WHERE status = :status; Array ( [:status] => 0 ) in comment_count_unpublished() (line 313 of /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/modules/comment/comment.module).        Additional      PDOException: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away: INSERT INTO {watchdog} (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (:db_insert_placeholder_0, :db_insert_placeholder_1, :db_insert_placeholder_2, :db_insert_placeholder_3, :db_insert_placeholder_4, :db_insert_placeholder_5, :db_insert_placeholder_6, :db_insert_placeholder_7, :db_insert_placeholder_8, :db_insert_placeholder_9); Array ( [:db_insert_placeholder_0] => 1 [:db_insert_placeholder_1] => php [:db_insert_placeholder_2] => %type: !message in %function (line %line of %file). [:db_insert_placeholder_3] => a:6:{s:5:"%type";s:12:"PDOException";s:8:"!message";s:154:"SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away: SELECT COUNT(cid) FROM {comment} WHERE status = :status; Array ( [:status] =&gt; 0 ) ";s:9:"%function";s:27:"comment_count_unpublished()";s:5:"%file";s:56:"/Applications/MAMP/htdocs/modules/comment/comment.module";s:5:"%line";i:313;s:14:"severity_level";i:3;} [:db_insert_placeholder_4] => 3 [:db_insert_placeholder_5] => [:db_insert_placeholder_6] => ; [:db_insert_placeholder_7] =>  [:db_insert_placeholder_8] => 127.0.0.1 [:db_insert_placeholder_9] => 1338336955 ) in dblog_watchdog() (line 154 of /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/modules/dblog/dblog.module).   I also get the following error in my php error file:     PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught exception 'PDOException' with message 'SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away' in /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc:2136        Stack trace:   0 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc(2136): PDOStatement->execute(Array)   1 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc(664): DatabaseStatementBase->execute(Array, Array)   2 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc(2315): DatabaseConnection->query('SELECT expire, ...', Array, Array)   3 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/lock.inc(167): db_query('SELECT expire, ...', Array)   4 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/lock.inc(146): lock_may_be_available('theme_registry:...')   5 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/theme.inc(447): lock_acquire('theme_registry:...')   6 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/bootstrap.inc(427): ThemeRegistry->set(Array)   7 [internal function]: DrupalCacheArray->__destruct()   8 {main}         thrown in /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc on line 2136   I am having a little trouble deciphering these error messages. Could anyone help me understand what's going on here?


Sometimes you open a lengthy question, read through it and then discover "Closed as ..." at the bottom (sometimes only after scrolling) - oops, not something you can answer. Wouldn't it make more sense to display that message before the actual question? Or maybe even in both locations? That's really important information.  Edit: Looks like my concern would be solved by , thanks to Tim Stone for pointing that out.

For example:   For an MVC architecture, should I prefer Ruby on Rails or PHP [closed] Gmail: What is a jQuery selector for incoming mail senders only? How to work with highly compressed and nested CSS in general? [closed]   Better to convert to   [closed] For an MVC architecture, should I prefer Ruby on Rails or PHP [closed] Gmail: What is a jQuery selector for incoming mail senders only? How to work with highly compressed and nested CSS in general?   I should first read the title and sometimes open the question to understand if the question is closed.  I think the [closed] mark  should be at the beginning of the title, not in the end, where I won't ever be if the title is long.  Also coloring will be a good improvement (via @Shadow Wizard).


I've just upgraded from 17.04 to 17.10. Now that I use Gnome, how can I delete Unity and all unnecessary attached packages ?

I have installed gnome-session-flashback and I love my new Gnome desktop, and I am sure that I do not want to go back to Unity, and as unity stuff takes up a lot of space on my machine, is there a safe way of fully removing it? So that perhaps there isn't even an option at login to go back to it?  Do I just run?:  sudo apt-get purge unity*   Or is there something else that I need to do? I also understand that as @Seth said, it is very well baked into the system. So it may be problematic to remove. Is there any danger of this? Are there any measures I can take to prevent anything going wrong? And what sort of impact could this have on my system if it went wrong?    OS Information:  Description:    Ubuntu 15.04 Release:    15.04


So i have the following fitch problem where I have to cite rules of inference. I have only figured out a number of them listed below. I need help with how this problem uses certain rule of inference as it is confusing to me and I only understand some  $\begin{array}{r|l:l} 1& s \to r\vee p \\[-1ex] 2 & p\to(\neg r\to q)\\[-1ex] 3 & \vert\quad s \\[-1ex] 4 & \vert\quad r\vee p\\[-1ex] 5 & \vert\quad\vert\quad r\\[-1ex] 6 & \vert\quad\vert\quad q\vee r \\[-1ex] 7 & \vert\quad r\to q\vee r\\[-1ex] 8 & \vert\quad\vert\quad \neg r\\[-1ex] 9 & \vert\quad\vert\quad p\\[-1ex] 10 & \vert\quad\vert\quad \neg r\to q\\[-1ex] 11 & \vert\quad\vert\quad q\\[-1ex] 12 & \vert\quad\vert\quad q\vee r\\[-1ex] 13 & \vert\quad \neg r\to q\vee r\\[-1ex] 14 & \vert\quad r\vee\neg r & \star\\[-1ex] 15 & \vert\quad q\vee r\\[-1ex] 16 & s\to q\vee r \end{array}$  1:  none   2: none  3:  none  4: -> Elimination, 3 and 1  5:none  6: V Introduction, 5  7: -> Introduction, 5 and 6   8: none  9: ??  10: -> Elimination, 9 and 2  11: ??  12: v Introduction , 11  13: ??  14: ??  15: ??  16: V Elimination , cite all steps

Okay I have the following fitch proof almost figured out, from here I know I have to move forth in conlcuding but I don't know what I am missing  (2 premises)  S → (R ∨ P)  P → (¬R → Q)   my work below  new scope assume S   Rule: > elim  R ∨ P  New scope assume R  Q∨R     Rule: V intro  End scope – (new scope assume P)  ¬R → Q         Rule: > Elim  my confusion comes where I go from here  Q∨R            rule Taut Con ??  Goal:├ S → (Q ∨ R)


I got stuck in solving a question of power series in complex analysis in Conway's exercise. Which is as follows $:$  Find the radius of convergence of the power series $:$ $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {(-1)^n} {n} z^{n(n+1)}.$$ What happens at the boundary of the disk of convergence?  I found that the radius of convergence to be $1$ and hence the disk of convergence is $|z|=1$. Now I found at $z=1,-1$ the series is convergent by Leibnitz test. Now how can I check the point of convergence (if any) in the disk of convergence other than $1$ and $-1$. I tried with Dirchilet's test. But I couldn't actually figure out how is $$\sum_{k=1}^{n} z^{k(k+1)}$$ look like? Is it bounded for arbitrary $n$ for all $z$ on $\partial B(0;1)$ except at $1$ and $-1$? Please give me some suggestions. Thank you in advance.

I already found the radius of convergence of the power series $:$ $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {(-1)^n} {n} z^{n(n+1)}.$$ What happens at the boundary of disk of convergence?  I found that the radius of convergence to be $1$ and hence the disk of convergence is $|z|<1$. Now I found at $z=1$ the series converges. Now how can I proceed? Please help me. Thank you in advance.


I read on  ()  that most of Scandinavia determines fines based on income. E.g.:     In 2002, a Nokia executive was fined the equivalent of $103,000 for going 45 in a 30 zone on his motorcycle.   As a non-Finnish citizen and residing outside Finland most of the year, am I subject to income-based traffic fines if the traffic violation occurred in Finland? If so, how do the Finnish authorities find out my income?

In Finland, there is a  (päiväsakko/dagsböter/day-fines) where drivers who commit violations on the road (such as speeding) are punished with a fine proportional to their income.  Does this system also apply to foreign non-resident drivers? Or do they pay some fixed amount since it's hard to determine what they earn abroad?


Let $X$ = Comb Space union $\{y=1, 0\leq x \leq 1\}$. Comb space refers to the standard union of $0 \times I$, $I \times 0$ and $\{1/n\}\times I$ where $I = [0,1]$. Why does this space NOT have a simply connected cover?

I'm having trouble solving the following exercise in Hatcher's Algebraic Topology(1.3 #5):  "Let $X$ be the subspace of $R^2$ consisting of the four sides of the square $[0,1] \times [0,1]$ together with the segments of the vertical lines $x=\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{4},\ldots$ inside the square. Show that for every covering space $\tilde{X}\to X$ there is some neighbourhood of the left edge of $X$ that lifts homeomorphically to $\tilde{X}$. Deduce that $X$ has no simply-connected cover."  I tried piecing together open sets in $\tilde{X}$ which were homeomorphic to open square shaped $\epsilon$-neighbourhoods of points in the left edge of $X$, but I couldn't glue them together coherently.  My second idea was to use the path lifting property to lift the left edge, but I couldn't extend it to a lift of an open neighbourhood of the left edge.  Edit: Some more detail on my first attempt:  Suppose I have two open squares $U_1$ and $U_2$ in $X$ (containing the left edge) with nonempty intersection, and that have preimages $\coprod_i U_{1,i}$ and $\coprod_j U_{2,j}$ with each piece of that mapping homeomorphically onto $U_1$ and $U_2$ respectively.  Suppose I've chosen a specific $U_{1,i}$, and I want to choose a specific $U_{2,j}$ so that their union maps homeomorphically to $U_1$ union $U_2$. Such a choice can be specified by a point in the chosen $U_{1,i}$ that maps into $U_2$, but for each such point, there could be a different choice of $j$.  My intution tells me that to make this choice, one needs to appeal to the bad local nature of the left edge of $X$, (so that you're certain to get some of the vertical lines inside of the desired open set) but I'm not sure how to proceed with that.


I am learning how to storyboard. I have set up a video editing project and added a movie file. I am working my way through the movie, marking each frame that is to become a board in a storyboard. What I want to be able to do is render a sequence of images out that are only the frames marked with a marker. I have been searching through the documentation but I can't seem to find a way to do this. Can anyone advise please?

I've been looking for some addon or something to render only the marked frames on timeline, i found this answer here on the stackexchange   The thing is this script only works with multiple cameras, i have only one camera that goes all aorund the scene but i only want to render the frames that i've marked on timeline.  Is there someone who can help me modify this script? Or find a better solution?


I'm just a simple user frustrated with Windows 10 and I want to leave Windows altogether.  However, I don't want to spend three weeks learning how to install the new system and then get all my current programs to work.  I am not setting up a server, I am not a developer and I do not want all my stuff on a cloud.

What different Ubuntu derivatives are there? And what is special with them?


I have that $\tan^{-1}(x)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^nx^{2n+1}}{2n+1}$ for $|x|<1$  I also know that the  series $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{2n+1}$ converges since it is decreasing in absolute value and alternating.   I am wondering why we can evaluate the power series at $x=1.$ Is it because the series is a uniformly convergent sum of continuous functions defined on $x\in[0,1]$, and therefore the sum function, or $\tan^{-1}$, is continuous at $x=1$?  So for a sequence of points $\{x_n\}\in[0,1]$ with $\lim_{n\to\infty} x_n=1$, we must have that $\lim_{n\to\infty} \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n(x_n)^{2n+1}}{2n+1}= \lim_{n\to\infty} \tan^{-1}(x_n)=\tan^{-1}(1)$?  General question: if you can know that a power series of continuous functions converges on some open interval, say, $(-1,1),$ but you can show the convergence at an extremity, say $x=1,$ then is it fair to say the continuous "sum function" known to converge on $(-1,1)$ is also continuous on an interval containing an extremity, like $[0,1]$? Is continuity of the function the sole reason this is possible?

Suppose that I know the series for $(\tan^{-1})'=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} (-1)^nx^{2n}$ converges when $\lvert x\rvert \lt 1$.   Then I know that $$\tan^{-1}(x)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^nx^{2n+1}}{2n+1}$$ only for $\lvert x \rvert \lt 1$.   My professor asks me:   How do I know that $$\lim_{x\to\ 1}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^nx^{2n+1}}{2n+1} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \lim_{x\to\ 1}\frac{(-1)^nx^{2n+1}}{2n+1}\;?$$  In general, once the radius of convergence has been found for a power series, I think I can rest assured the series obtained by differentiating or integrating term by term has the same radius of convergence. What more do I need to consider to talk about the points on the radius?


Find the volume of the solid that remains after a circular hole of radius a is bored through the center of a solid sphere of radius r > a. So in the picture it looks like a circle with a cylinder cut out of the middle. I am not even sure where to start with this. I know this has to do with integrals but I am not sure how to set this up to even get an integral. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

A cylindrical drill with radius 5 is used to bore a hole through the center of a sphere of radius 8. Find the volume of the ring shaped solid that remains.  Alright, my thing is that i did not understand how to set the integral


I want to find a solution $x \in \mathbb{N}$ of $x^{125} \equiv 7 \ (\mathrm{mod} \ 39)$ by using Ender Wiggin's method   My steps are:  $x^{125} \equiv 7 \ (\mathrm{mod} \ 39) \Rightarrow x^{125}=7+39 \cdot n,\ n \in \mathbb{N}$  $\Rightarrow \mathrm{gcd}(x,39)=1$  It's $\varphi(39)=\varphi(3)\cdot\varphi(13)=24$  So $x^{24} \equiv 1 \ (\mathrm{mod} \ 39)$  Since $x^{125} \equiv 7 \ (\mathrm{mod} \ 3)$ and $x^{125} \equiv 7 \ (\mathrm{mod} \ 13)$ it follows that   $x^{\varphi(3)}=x^2 \equiv 1  \ (\mathrm{mod} \ 3)$ and $x^{\varphi(13)}=x^{12} \equiv 1  \ (\mathrm{mod} \ 13)$.   Now I don't know what to do next.   I tried with $x=4$ and it works, but how to show it properly?  What has to be done now?

We know that $221 = 17*13$. So we can check if the system has roots to both of those equations separately, which it does:  $x^{5} \equiv 2$ mod $13$ has the solution $6 + 13n$ and $x^{5} \equiv 2$ mod $17$ has the solution $15 + 17n$.   I got these numbers from wolfram, I have no idea how to solve this problem WITHOUT a calculator. And even after finding these numbers. How would one obtain a solution modulo $221$? I was thinking the Chinese Remainder Theorem but I am under the assumption that CRT only applies to problems with powers of $x$ which are $1$.  Thanks.


Recently I have switched from Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04 and I have found that ifconfig is not working in Ubuntu 18.04.   So what alternative does Ubuntu 18.04 offer and what is the reason for removing/replacing ifconfig?

I've just installed Ubuntu 18.04 and selected "minimal install". I then tried to run ifconfig in the terminal and got the following message  -bash: ifconfig: command not found   How come the  is not installed by default any more?


So I am trying to do something like this:   ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i \   /home/backupboy/.ssh/id_rsa user@server.com \   "[[ $(ls -1 /mnt/dir | wc -l) -gt 4 ]] && rm /mnt/dir/*"   If I do this, condition is performed locally. Meaning that ssh looks at the number of files in /mnt/dir locally and not remotely. Is there any way to get around this? I need to do the condition remotely.

How do I resolve a variable in a subshell inside of "bash -c"?  In the following, the second subshell -- the one with an "echo" inside -- resolves correctly.  The first subshell -- with "touch" -- does not.  /bin/bash -c "\ A=/tmp/foo; \ echo $( touch \$A;  ); \ echo $( echo in subshell, \$A; ); \ "


The question "" was closed for being a duplicate.    The linked question "" was also closed as a duplicate question.    Following this link leads us to the actual question we're looking for, "".    How should these scenarios be handled? Is there a way to suggest updates to the referenced duplicate question?    Edit: This question is different from . I am asking what I should do as a user when duplicates of duplicates are found, while the linked question asks whether duplicate links should be remapped automatically.

I noticed today another example of duplicates of duplicates: that  (A) was closed as a duplicate of  (B), but one day later (B) was closed as duplicate of  (C). Sometimes I need to click many times from one question to another until I get to the master question.  I think that it's better if the question (A) is closed as duplicate of (C), and even if (B) has already (helpful) answers, (B) and (C) could be merged.  Is it possible to remap all duplicates to the master question, just like the tag synonyms?


Mathematica gives the value of the  multiple integral  $$ \int_{0}^{a} \int_{0}^{a} \frac{dx ~ dy}{(a^2+x^2+y^2)^{3/2}}=\frac{\pi}{6a}. $$  See also  from WolframAlpha:        The question is how to show this by hand?   This is posted in the spirit of sharing some experience and to see how others would solve it. I am posting a solution below (now moved to the duplicate target).


I am working with time series, which is not stationary. I apply the differencing and log transformation to make my data stationary.  I forecast one year ahead forecast and check the accuracy of the model by retransforming it into its original form, but fail to obtain the required result. I can explain my question with the help of a simple example:     data <- c(10.45,45.6,33.67,32.12,76.34,12.3,23.5,13.76,35.78,98.45,77.88)     ac <- diff(log(data))     ad <- 10.45 + diffinv(exp(ac))  so ad= c(10.45000 ,14.81364, 15.55201, 16.50598, 18.88269, 19.04381, 20.95438, 21.53991, 24.14020,26.89174, 27.68280)

I have a time series data which consist of 24 hours of the electricity demand. I transform the data into stationary from through differences, Now after forecasting for one year, I want to transform the data into its original form to check the accuracy of the model. I want to explain my question by an example     dat <- c(5,24,23,12,14,15,16,17,18,22,24)     sat<- diff(dat)  sat  [1]  19  -1 -11   2   1   1   1   1   4   2  ori <- diffinv(sat) > ori  [1]  0 19 18  7  9 10 11 12 13 17 19  By using the diffinv which is the inverse of the difference, but the result I obtain is the original data dat. Know can any one help me that how I obtain the original data dat, mean the result of dat and ori are different.


One thousand old refrigerators floating in the ocean (isn't/aren't) an issue. Is the subject here "One thousand old refrigerators" or is it the whole phrase "One-thousand old refrigerators floating in the ocean", that is what is confusing me... should I use isn't or aren't here? The word "floating" here is a present participle right? Thank you.

This is best illustrated with an example:  Nikkie has 7 children. Sam has no children. Sam thinks Nikkie's kids are cute, but she thinks it would be a lot of work to raise them all together.   Sam: "Your children are so cute, but I think 7 children (1) is or (2) are too many to raise together!"  First of all, I do understand that plural nouns require plural verbs, and yes, "child/children" is a countable noun; thus "Your children are so cute." However, as I think of the meaning of the phrase "7 children" more and more, doesn't it become a sort of measurement like dollars, miles, liters, etc?   Like we say, "1,000,000 dollars is a lot of money," should't we say "7 children is too many to raise together"? Or am I over-analyzing here?


What formula(s) should be used to determine the lifetime value of a wireless sensor node, charged up by a supercapacitor(its capacitance value its known), with a given power/energy consumption? It is also known that the capacitor has a known inital voltage. The WSN can operate at a certain minimum voltage.

I am designing a capacitor bank to hold up a current limited supply when a resistive load is switched by an NPN transistor to ground  The power supply is 2800V limited to 400mA and I require to draw 1.8A for a 15ms pulse.  How do I begin calculating the capacitor value I will need to hold the supply up with 150V maximum droop for 15ms (I'm looking for methods rather than answers, but it was easier to explain with the real numbers)         – Schematic created using


This question has been asked before but I don't understand the answers to it. They say that by adding a resistor, it provides an additional path for current to flow  and decreases the resistance. I understand how an additional path decreases resistance but how is adding another resistor  adding an additional path? For example, say a parallel circuit branches off into two paths. You then add resistors to those two paths. How does that decrease the resistance? It isn't adding a new path?

I understand that when you put Resistors in parallel the resistance decreases, my question is why does this actually happen? What causes the Resistance to decrease? When Resistors are in serial, their Resistances are added, why when we put them in parallel do the Resistors resist less current? I don't understand how that's possible?


I am using a binary logistic regression (a type of probabilistic statistical classification model, is used to predict a likelihood of belonging to a class (True, False)). I have 4 features and I want to know what is the best subset of using these features to reach the best result? should I try all of possible subset of these features? Is there any scientific solution for this purpose? I don't have sufficient knowledge about this. Any help will be highly appreciated.

My situation:   small sample size: 116 binary outcome variable long list of explanatory variables: 44 explanatory variables did not come from the top of my head; their choice was based on the literature.   Statistical test chosen: logistic regression  I need to find the variables that best explain variations in the outcome variable (I am not interested in making predictions).  The problem: This question is a follow-up on the 2 questions listed below. From them, I got that performing automated stepwise regression has its downsides. Anyway, it seems that my sample size would be too small for that. It seems that my sample is also too small to enter all variables at once (using the SPSS 'Enter' method). This leaves me with my issue unresolved: how can I select a subset of variables from my original long list in order to perform multivariate logistic regression analysis?  UPDATE1: I am not an statistician, so I would appreciate if jargons can be reduced to the minimum. I am working with SPSS and am not familiar with other packages, so options that could be run with that software would be highly preferable.  UPDATE2: It seems that SPSS does not support LASSO for logistic regression. So following one of your suggestions, I am now struggling with R. I have passed through the basics, and managed to run a univariate logistic regression routine successfully using the glm code. But as I tried glmnet with the same dataset, I am receiving an error message. How could I fix it? Below is the code I used, followed by the error message:  data1 <- read.table("C:\\\data1.csv",header=TRUE,sep=";",na.string=99:9999)  y <- data1[,1]  x <- data1[,2:45]  glmnet(x,y,family="binomial",alpha=1)    **in lognet(x, is.sparse, ix, jx, y, weights, offset, alpha, nobs,  :  (list) object cannot be coerced to type 'double'**   UPDATE3: I got another error message, now related to missing values. My question concerning that matter is .


I've recently dug out an old iPhone to sell.  It has activation lock on it which is pretty normal. However, it's linked to an Apple account which has had its password changed since then. I've also removed it from the iCloud interface.  It now refuses to unlock with either my current password or the password I used then... :(  Is there anyway to reset this iphone without having to go through tech support?

I bought a used iPhone 4.  The previous owner re-set the phone, but did not remove the device from their iCloud.  It is asking me for their iCloud information when I try to set-up the phone.  I don't have contact with the previous owner anymore.  Is there a way to remove the device from their iCloud so I can use a new one?


I want show solving process. So I have for example  Y=(x-2)y / y =x-2 . I want draw a line over y that show as eliminated as problem be solved. How can I do?

How can I strike through an expression (e.g. "2x") obliquely, e.g. from bottom left to top right, so as to indicate cancellation? With the \sout command from the ulem package, I can only strike horizontally.


Has anyone here been successfully able to travel by sea from Manila to Taiwan? I read a post and some answers related to this topic that it could be done, but actual practice, I've been to the Manila International Container Terminal to see if I can tag along as a passenger but you can't even get past the main gate unless you are a worker or crew member. I don't think there are any more ferry boats either but if anybody knows of anything currently operational, please advise. Thanks

We are now trying to do a world tour without flying, and after a bit more than two years we are facing one of the biggest challenges of our journey, crossing the Pacific. We know there are few opportunities to get a freighter to the US from HK or several cities of China.  As we are currently in the Philippines, the challenge is now to reach HK or China. The latest can easily be done from Taiwan. Any idea (best harbour to look for info, shipping companies name, unexpected new ferry company..) or contact that may help to go from the Philippines to one of the place stated before?  I know a very  was already asked, but it was unclear if the asker managed to reach Taiwan or not.


Where can I ask question like how should I choose a career and when, what kind of education I should take to become a project manager or a software engineer.?

The  specifically says not to ask  for career advice but people do it anyway.  Should I consider the Help Center outdated or only loosely enforced?    And what about a career advice site on the network?  There are 70+ sites, and most of them are for relatively narrow interests (which is not a criticism, I enjoy looking through the many sections).  A career section seems like it would be very popular.  Also, a careers section would help keep career questions off the other sites.


My organisation has restricted installing software on all workstations to I.T. administrators only, so I am not able to check this myself.  All applications, including QGIS, are pushed through Software Center.  Recently, they pushed QGIS 2.18.8 and it removed the last LTR version of QGIS and latest 2.18.6 version, from everyone's workstation.  I wanted to confirm, would the new QGIS 2.18.8 installer have uninstalled both the previously installed QGIS versions, or could it be something set in the Software Center distribution/installation process?  We would like to be able to always have a LTR version of QGIS to fall back on, if the test version has issues, so I am trying to narrow down the problem.  This is different to the suggested duplicate topic in that there is a software deployment application being used and not manual installations of QGIS to individual users. I want to determine if the uninstalls are done by Software Center or by the QGIS installation package by default. We also don't want standalone versions, preferring to run multiple QGIS versions. One LTR and one Latest for testing new features.

QGIS Standalone installer suggests a default installation location like c:\Program Files\QGIS Wien, including version name in the path. Does this mean the recommended way to update to a new version would be to uninstall the old version, and then install a later version? Or can we just as well install a newer version on top of the previous version? (in which case it makes more sense to change the location to e.g. c:\Program Files\QGIS).


I know that Electromagnetic waves undergoes a phase shift when reflected from a denser optical medium. Does this conclusion also hold for other mechanical waves like sound wave reflecting from water surface?

Can anyone please provide an intuitive explanation of why phase shift of 180 degrees occurs in the Electric Field of a EM wave, when reflected from an optically denser medium?  I tried searching for it but everywhere the result is just used.The reason behind it is never specified.


So I'm wanting to create a laptop with a keyboard (obv) and I've got the brushed aluminium material I want to use as well as a texture with keys for the displacement of the physical keys and a mask to apply different materials to the plastic of the key rather than the aluminium of the rest of the body. So I want to apply a plastic material to keys according to white regions of an image and fall back to the aluminium for black parts. But as far as I know, there's no way to link materials into other materials. Essentially, the space between the keys should be aluminium.  The Aluminium texture is just a principled BSDF following a matte aluminium look. In theory for the black regions of the mask, I could simply use a copied version of the node, but if I do that, then any changes to the original material would be noticable. Thanks

Is it possible in cycles to use setup a material node to take the output from another material as input into a mix shader?  This way if I change the configuration in the other material it updates both materials?  Or do I need to do this another way?  I'm surprised nobody has asked this already and can't find anything online so maybe it's not possible.


Python correctly handles printing Unicode until you try to pipe it to a file.   Compare:  $ python -c "print u'\u2018'" ‘   To:  $ python -c "print u'\u2018'" > out.txt Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<string>", line 1, in <module> UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode    character u'\u2018' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)   Why does this happen?

When piping the output of a Python program, the Python interpreter gets confused about encoding and sets it to None. This means a program like this:  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- print u"åäö"   will work fine when run normally, but fail with:     UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xa0' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)   when used in a pipe sequence.  What is the best way to make this work when piping? Can I just tell it to use whatever encoding the shell/filesystem/whatever is using?   The suggestions I have seen thus far is to modify your site.py directly, or hardcoding the defaultencoding using this hack:  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8') print u"åäö"   Is there a better way to make piping work?


I know that a variant of this question has been , and recalled what my Creative writing teacher told me about when to use capitalization after a colon, by using the following three example sentences for colon usage.     In a complete sentence, the capital case is optional.   1. This is what I think of cats: They steal your breath.      In the following two examples, the capitalization is not optional to change, therefore the words after the colon must remain lowercase.         This is what I think of cats: nothing.   This is what I think of cats: scary, tiresome, snooty.      In other words, do the above examples properly illustrate proper colon and capitalization usage for American English, regardless of essay style, and usage for non-essay papers?

Should the first word after a colon be capitalized? Which of the following is correct?   For example: This. For example: this.


When we throw a stone it breaks the glass with scratches. But when a bullet hits the glass it leaves a small hole(not always) . I want to know the specific reason behind making hole and scratch.

One can often see (hopefully only in the movies) that a bullet shot through a pane of window glass leaves a hole in it, but overall the glass is left largely intact. However, a low-speed projectile, e.g., a stone thrown into a window would probably shatter the glass completely. Is there a critical speed below which a bullet would shatter the whole window pane instead of piercing a hole?


A $3\times3$ cube made up of $1\times1$ pieces is painted red from all faces and broken in $27$ smaller pieces ($1\times1$). A Blind man comes and randomly arranges pieces to make a $3\times3$ cube. What is the probability that a cube similar to the original is formed (red faces from all sides)?

Suppose 27 cubes are stacked together, suspended in the air, to form a larger cube.  The cube is then painted on all the exposed surfaces and dried.  The smaller cubes are then randomly permuted in both spatial position and spatial orientation to form another large cube.  What is the probability that new larger cube is identical to the original?  This is not homework, it was passed on by a friend who found it somewhere on the internet, and they do not remember where.


The current functionality of [practically] unlimited downvoting encourages abusive users to engage in conduct that is shady and coward. Although downvotes also decrease voter's reputation score, the truth is that it ultimately allows for unwarranted censorship of anything that does not fit that voter's ego or [capricious] liking. Two suggestions that seem straight-forward to implement may solve this issue.   No user with privilege to vote down should be allowed to issue more than 'n' downvotes during a period (for instance, a month or a quarter). The same limit should apply across a site, regardless of users' reputation score in that site. Implementing this suggestion (by adding two columns to user's "header" table: one for downvote_count, one for renewal_date) would take care of serial downvoters. Limit the number of times user X can downvote user Y during one same period. Implementation of this suggestion will involve creating a new database table with the four following fields: (1) voter (primary key); (2) downvoted user; (3) date/timestamp; and (4) question/answer where downvoting took place.   Some (luckily few) users are obsessed about downvoting specific contributors. This happens to me in Law SE, where one self-portrayed attorney shows a recurrent impulse to downvote my answers even though his comments (when it pleases him to make any) turn out to be inaccurate, redundant, or absurd. By now I have accumulated a few screenshots reflecting that decreases of my reputation match [date-wise] equivalent increases of that user's count of downvotes.  Clearly, the purpose of SE voting is to reflect the effort or value of a contributor's posts. It is not aimed at suppressing any and all disagreements with someone else's valid, informed points. Downvoting for the sake of egotistical censorship is an abuse of SE's reputation mechanism.

We've never had an explicit policy around downvoting -- users are free to, if they like, cast all their votes as downvotes. Whether this behavior is desirable or not is another matter.   Now, we do discourage downvoting by making downvotes cost -1 rep to the casting voter. But, there's nothing in our policy that says continual downvoting is bad or wrong or inappropriate.  However, my thoughts on this are changing. I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes, and I am considering an explicit policy forbidding it.  Some data points (as of today):  Total SO upvotes cast: 45,555,530  Total downvotes cast: 365,192  users with more than 100 downvotes cast: 596  users with > 100 downvotes and the lowest ratio of upvotes to downvotes:           |           |         | up:down user id | downvotes | upvotes |  ratio --------+-----------+---------+---------  187712 |       201 |      37 |    0.18    2525 |       580 |     149 |    0.25  136829 |       137 |      43 |    0.31   55943 |       438 |     140 |    0.31   19405 |       236 |      94 |    0.39    5640 |      3299 |    1337 |    0.40  180659 |       126 |      66 |    0.52   78613 |       348 |     198 |    0.56   39892 |       181 |     109 |    0.60     432 |       310 |     197 |    0.63  238704 |       198 |     132 |    0.66   12643 |       170 |     116 |    0.68   18256 |       219 |     152 |    0.69  122428 |       167 |     118 |    0.70  118854 |       120 |      86 |    0.71  105662 |       273 |     201 |    0.73  187690 |       135 |     101 |    0.74    1782 |       573 |     430 |    0.75   (this is a complete list, there are no more below this threshold.)  Based on this data I am leaning towards enforcing a "no more downvotes may be cast" if    You have at least (n) votes cast total Your upvote to downvote ratio is lower than ~ 0.5


Could you please clarify this? I have made searches but in vain.  In the following passage why  has indefinite article been used twice? I have learned that whenever we mention something for the second time, "The" is used. In  the West of syria, there is (a) city called Hama. It is (an) amazing city with lots of beautiful old houses.

In an English test book I found the exercise   That is a book. The book is thick. That book isn't thin. This is an interesting thick book.   Another one example   This is a compuer. The computer isn't old. This compuer is new. This is a good new computer.   I know the rule:  Use the to refer something that has already been mentioned.  I understand it like this: That is a book. - The book is being introduced for the first time. We use the indefinite article. The book is thick. - The book is being introduced for the second time. So we use the definite article. That book isn't thin. - "That" is a demonstrative pronoun. Before the word "book" we should use no article. This is an interesting thick book. - Why is there an indefinite article? We mentioned the book for the third time. We know about this book. I thought the sentence must be like "This is the interesting thick book." The first mention - a/an. The second (third/fourth) mention - the Please explain this situation? Maybe it is due to "This is an interesting thick book." We mentioned the book, not the interesting thick book/ So the interesting thick book is the new information for us. I think I understand! Am I right?


My site changes the language according to the language of the user's browser. I want to bring up to all Spinders/bots the English-language site (like twitter). What is HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE of spiders/bots? How do I detect bots/spiders to include the file translation in the English language? I've seen the method of making a list of spiders / bots but I find it unsatisfactory. Have you better solutions?

I'm building a web portal where language content will generally depend on the "accept-language" sent by the browser. The same content-URI will thus serve different content to different users depending on their browser setting.  I'm very curious to know how this will affect search indexing. Does Google index using all languages, and is it handled well?


I am working on generating some auto install scripts that would work on different versions of Ubuntu. Therefore, I try to keep the add-apt-repository statements generic as seen below.  add-apt-repository -y "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner"   add-apt-repository -y ppa:graphics-drivers   However, as some repos don't exist for certain versions, auto generated urls might lead to errors like below.  Err:22 http://ppa.launchpad.net/wireshark-dev/stable/ubuntu disco Release     404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]  E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/wireshark-dev/stable/ubuntu disco Release' does not have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, an is therefore disabled by default.   I know that this can't be kept 100% flexible across all versions without keeping ubuntu version vs package repo lookup tables/if-else statements. However, for my simple purposes, it is enough to know if any given url/ppa is valid or not.  So, is there a way to test this without adding the url/ppa and seeing it to fail on next apt update?  Update:  As pointed out,  is closely related to mine but my aim is to check the validity before adding to the sources list, also, both for PPAs and repo urls. So, I've come up with the scripts below which possibly can be improved but also seem to do the job.  function add_ppa() {   local __ppa_name   for __ppa_name in "$@"; do     grep -h "^deb.*$__ppa_name" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* > /dev/null 2>&1     if [ "$?" != "0" ]     then         local __ppa_prefix=$(echo $__ppa_name | cut -d"/" -f1)         local __ppa_suffix=${__ppa_name##*/}         curl -fsSL https://launchpad.net/~"$__ppa_prefix"/+archive/ubuntu/"$__ppa_suffix" &>/dev/stdout | grep "\"`lsb_release -sc`\"" -m1 >/dev/null 2>&1         if [ "$?" == "0" ]; then              echo "Adding ppa:$__ppa_name"             sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:$__ppa_name         fi     fi   done }  function add_to_sources_list() {     local __repo_base_link="$1"     local __flavour="$2"     local __version_name=`lsb_release -sc`     local __repo_link="deb $__repo_base_link $__version_name $__flavour"      grep -h "^$__repo_link" /etc/apt/sources.list > /dev/null 2>&1     if [ "$?" != "0" ]     then         echo "Adding $__repo_link"         curl -fsSL "${__repo_base_link}/dists/${__version_name}/Release" >/dev/null 2>&1         if [ "$?" == "0" ]; then              echo "Adding repo:$__repo_link"             sudo add-apt-repository -y "$__repo_link"         fi           fi }  # example use add_ppa "wireshark-dev/stable" add_to_sources_list "http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/" "multiverse"

I use a lot of PPA's. I'd like to check if all of them have packages for Saucy before updating.  Is there a program which checks whether my PPAs have packages for a different version of Ubuntu?


Where do you find a Chespin and a Froakie in Pokemon Y?

I just got this game, and I picked Fennekin, the fire Pokémon as my starter. Is there a way to get the other two starters too, or am I limited to only getting one?


Suppose a gambler starts with one dollar and plays a game in which he or she wins one dollar with probability $p$ and loses one dollar with probability $1-p$. Let $f_n$ be the probability that he or she first becomes broke at time $n$ for $n = 0, 1, 2, \ldots$ Find a generating function for these probabilities?  Thanks :)

Suppose a gambler starts with one dollar and plays a game in which he or she wins one dollar with probability $p$ and loses one dollar with probability $1 - p$. Let $f_{n}$ be the probability that he or she first becomes broke at time $n$ for $n = 0, 1, 2\ldots$. Find a generating function for these probabilities.  Is it binomial distribution $?$ and then use the $\operatorname{mx}\left(s\right) = rx\left(\mathrm{e}^{s}\right)$ of the binomial distribution $?$. Help$\ldots!$. I am correcting my quiz.


If all files on a computer memory disk, in their most basic form, are sequences of binary digits, that including text files, why do some FTP clients have text and binary modes for uploading files onto a server?

Often, from different remote hosts, FileZilla will download a .cssor .php file and insert blank lines in between existing lines. This destroys nice formatting.  PC = Windows 10 Pro 64-bit.  How do I prevent this?


According to , if Voldemort's natural body were to die he'd be rendered a spirit, in need of a body. We see this in Philosopher's Stone, where... well, where this happens. Voldemort accidentally kills his mortal body due to Lily's protection, and his spirit (somehow) flies to Albania, where it, eventually, meets Quirrel.   My question is this: If Voldemort had succeeded, and had lived a long long life with his Horcruxes intact, would his body eventually wither away (edit: due to natural aging), leaving his spirit lost and looking for a way to create a body as in Philosopher's Stone?  Edit: I'd just like to point out that this ISN'T a duplicate question. The answer to the question I linked clearly states that "even if [someone with a horcrux]'s body is attacked or destroyed, one cannot die". Now we see Voldemort die, his Avada Kedabra spell backfired and hit HIM. This reduced him to that "ghost"-like form. My question is asking about the natural death of the body case. Some mentioned that having horcruxes prevents natural death, but that isn't stated anywhere. Horcruxes seem to only prevent death in that they keep the soul "earthbound and undamaged".

A more general question is: Can a witch or wizard die a natural death as long as her/his horcruxes exist?  Looking for canonical answer only. Rowling's interviews etc are welcome, too.


Why does:   $$ \sum_{k=0}^{n} k \binom nk p^k (1-p)^{n-k} = np $$ ? Taking the derivative of:   $$ \sum_{k=0}^{n}  \binom nk p^k (1-p)^{n-k} = (1 + [1-P])^n = 1 $$   does not seem useful, since you would get zero. And induction hasn't yet worked for me, since – during the inductive step – I am unable to prove that:   $$ \sum_{k=0}^{n+1} k \binom {n+1}{k} p^k (1-p)^{n+1-k} = (n+1)p  $$   assuming that:   $$ \sum_{k=0}^{n} k \binom {n}{k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k} = np  $$


Assume we have a person who    always washes his hand before using his gadgets, don't like others to touch his belongings, always makes sure the chair surface clean before sitting,   Is there an appropriate single word, either noun or adjective, to describe his characteristic?

Is there any word for a person who is very , very much concerned about cleanliness and keeping things hygienic and even point out faults in clean things and explaining that they were dirty ?


I have a long equation that must fit in a two-column journal. I know how to break up the right-hand terms nicely, but even so it won't fit and I need the equal signs to start on a new line, but I can't figure out how to do it nicely.  Here is what I've tried:  \begin{align*} p(\{K_{\text{pre}},\theta_{\text{b,pre}},\sigma_{\text{pre}},K_{\text{post}},\theta_{\text{b,post}},\sigma_{\text{post}}\}\mid D)\\ \begin{split}=\phantom{} & p(\{K_{\text{pre}},\theta_{\text{b,pre}},\sigma_{\text{pre}}\}\mid D)\\  & \times p(\{K_{\text{post}},\theta_{\text{b,post}},\sigma_{\text{post}}\}\mid D) \end{split} \\ \begin{split}=\phantom{} & p(\{K_{\text{pre}},\theta_{\text{b,pre}},\sigma_{\text{pre}}\}\mid D_{\text{pre}})\\  & \times p(\{K_{\text{post}},\theta_{\text{b,post}},\sigma_{\text{post}}\}\mid D_{\text{post}}) \end{split} \end{align*}   and the result:    Ideally I guess the right-hand lines should be "moved" to the left, but I'm not sure how to do that. I've seen the answers to  but here the first equal sign must come on a new line.

I am having the following equation:  \begin{equation}   Q(\lambda,\hat{\lambda}) = -\frac{1}{2} P(O \mid \lambda ) \sum_s \sum_m \sum_t \gamma_m^{(s)} (t) \left( n \log(2 \pi ) + \log \left| C_m^{(s)} \right| + \left( \mathbf{o}_t - \hat{\mu}_m^{(s)} \right) ^T C_m^{(s)-1} \left(\mathbf{o}_t - \hat{\mu}_m^{(s)}\right) \right) \end{equation}   which does not very well fit on one line. How can I split this over two lines? What I have in mind is that I specify the splitting place, and that the first line is left aligned and the second line right aligned to make clear that it is still the same equation.  The linebreak \\ does not work.


I know this is a general question. But even after going through different articles, it is still confusing. I have a Windows form application. I read some data from a device through the serial port of the PC. For the proper data transfer, my application has to make frequent wait sometimes. (to make sure that there is no data loss). I tried Thread.Sleep() and realized that my device lost the serial connection many times. I have seen explanations that a Timer is an option but does a Timer freeze the UI as well? Which is the best option in this case ( Sleep or Task.Delay or Timer)?  private static System.Timers.Timer _delayTimer; private static void delay(int Time_delay)  {    int i = 0;              _delayTimer = new System.Timers.Timer();    _delayTimer.Interval = Time_delay;    _delayTimer.AutoReset = false;     _delayTimer.Elapsed += (s, args) => i = 1;    _delayTimer.Start();    while (i == 0) { }; } private async void delayAsync(int delaySec) {                 await Task.Delay(vals);   //is it the right way of doing delay ?            }

I have a method which should be delayed running for a specified amount of time.  Should I use  Thread thread = new Thread(() => {     Thread.Sleep(millisecond);     action(); }); thread.IsBackground = true; thread.Start();   Or  Timer timer = new Timer(o => action(), null, millisecond, -1);   I had read some  about using Thread.Sleep is bad design. But I don't really understand why.  But for using Timer, Timer has dispose method. Since the execution is delayed, I don't know how to dispose Timer. Do you have any suggestions?  Or if you have alternative codes for delayed execution are also appreciate.


I've run into this huge issue with a graphic designer.  They want to be able to install fonts they have downloaded.  This user is a non-admin user on the local machine and a non-admin user on our network.  I believe that User Access Control on the local machine blocks regular users from installing fonts; this particular user has been given read and write privileges for C:\Windows\Fonts.  The only solution I see is disabling UAC when fontview.exe is running, which I have no idea how to accomplish.  Fontview.exe isn't an application you can simply run by itself; it is prompted by opening a font file within the Fonts folder.  Therefore, you can't use task scheduler to run the application with the highest permissions.  Is there any way to have UAC disabled whenever an application is running, rather than creating a shortcut that allows a user to run the application with the highest permissions?  Keep in mind that this user cannot be promoted to an administrator, at any level, and no third party applications can be installed.  Is there any way to accomplish this?  Most simple answers I've found apply to Windows XP or Vista.  In Windows 7, installing fonts is handled by an application that needs to be run with administrative privileges, however the application cannot simply be run by itself; it only runs when a font file is opened.  To reiterate, I'm looking for a Windows 7 solution, not an XP or Vista solution.

I know you can put custom fonts in say C:\Windows\Fonts and applications will be able to find and use them. However this is only possible when you have administrator access to the machine, which is rarely the case in shared environments.  Is there a general way to use custom fonts from some other location suitable for non-admin users? If not, is there any manner specific for Adobe Fireworks (CS3) and Office 2007?  I'm interested mainly in XP and Vista, but a solution that works for other Windows versions would be great.


does unique need "a" before it or "an" ? It starts with a vowel but it annoys when using "an" .  I want the answer for a very formal article . Thanks !

Which indefinite article should precede hour — a or an?        an hour     a hour      Does the usage of an vs a depend on the pronunciation — a history, a hobby, but an hour, an honor?


I want to create symlink, or a pipe, or something else that could be used in lieu of a file. I want that pseudo-file to execute a command and output of that command should become the contents of that file  Something like this (not actual command):  ln -s `ssh x@y cat /etc/z.conf` /etc/z.conf   Basically, so that when you cat /etc/z.conf, it would run ssh x@y cat /etc/z.conf and connect the stdout pipe to the file handle. I would imagine, it's possible to do in a c program, but I was wondering if this could be done using command line tools only.  NOTE: I an NOT looking for a way to alias a command. I want this to look like a file, such as for example: when I run a service which reads /etc/z.conf, it would read the contents of this file transparently to itself. Also: simply copying the file is not an acceptable solution

Most files on a Linux system are normal files, i.e. they are saved on disk and reading from them just reads from a specified chunk of memory on the disk.  How can I make something that behaves like a file in terms of being able to read from it as one would a normal file, but is actually returning programmatically generated data instead?  As a concrete example, a file that downloads the current google.com and returns it, such that cat ~/myspecialfile would output the contents of google.com to stdout?


I am trying to write a paper, so I need to cite references. I use TexWorks as the LaTeX editor and BibTeX for these references. Now, I have problems when I update the BibTeX database, where it only shows one of the references whenever I cite it, but not the other ! Even worse, when I delete the \autocite of this ref, it still shows me the reference in the bibliography section, updates it if I change for example the autor name, but there is no part in the paper that cites it anymore. And the other references are unknown to LaTeX (it shows them as bold)...  I tried a lot of different solutions that I have found here and there :    Deleting the cache folder and then compile in the order Latex -> bibtex -> Latex. It doesn't change anything. Checking the .blg file to see if there are warnings, there are none. Deleting the .aux file and recompile everything.   Here is the LaTeX file :  \documentclass[a4paper,11pt,oneside]{report}  Blah blah blah. \autocite{foobar} \autocite{foo} \autocite{bar}  \printbibliography  \end{document}   Knowing that both files .tex and .bib have the same name.  And the BibTeX one :  @book{foo,   author = {aaa and bbb},   title = {{First}},   year = {2004}, } @article{bar,   author = {Mark},   title = {{Second}},   year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{foobar,   author = {Someone},   title = {{Third}},   year = {2020}, }

Running the minimal example  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{filecontents} \begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib} @ARTICLE{example,   author  = {Other, Anthony Norman},   title   = {Some things I did},   year    = {2014},   journal = {J.~Irrep. Res.},   volume  = {1},   number  = {1},   pages   = {1-10} } \end{filecontents*} \usepackage[backend=biber]{biblatex} \addbibresource{\jobname.bib} \begin{document} Hello\cite{example}. \printbibliography \end{document}   I get the warning There were undefined references.  I have read  and know that I need to run:   LaTeX Biber LaTeX   However, my editor is only set up to run BibTeX. How do I go about setting up my editor/IDE to be able to run Biber, and how do I run the LaTeX/Biber/LaTeX cycle?  Answers (sorted alphabetically by editor name)                    Answer guidelines   Each answer should be for one editor. If the editor is cross-platform, if possible give a single answer with notes covering the minor platform variations. Please edit the question to include new answers in the 'link list' Each answer should be 'stand alone', i.e. don't say 'It's almost the same as editor Y but ...' for the editor part Instructions for 'build tools' such as arara or latexmk are welcome but should explain how to set up the editor in question as not all editors allow simple addition of arbitrary tools


Consider $X = \{x_1, x_2, x_3\}$. Then $\bar{x} = \frac{1}{3} (x_1 + x_2 + x_3)$ with degrees of freedom, $df(\bar{x}) = n = 3$.  Now consider the total variation in $x$:  $$S_{xx} = (x_1 - \bar{x})^2 + (x_2 - \bar{x})^2 + (x_3 - \bar{x})^2$$  If we express $x_1$ in terms of $\bar{x}$, $x_2$, and $x_3$, then  $$S_{xx} = (3\bar{x} - (x_2 + x_3) - \bar{x})^2 + (x_2 - \bar{x})^2 + (x_3 - \bar{x})^2$$  Why does $S_{xx}$ have $2$ degrees of freedom?  My professor says that our knowledge of $\bar{x}$ causes $S_{xx}$ to lose one degree of freedom, but I have no idea why.

From , there are three interpretations of the degrees of freedom of a statistic:     In statistics, the number of degrees of freedom is the number of   values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary.      Estimates of statistical parameters can be based upon different   amounts of information or data. The number of independent pieces of   information that go into the estimate of a parameter is called the   degrees of freedom (df). In general, the degrees of freedom of an   estimate of a parameter is equal to the number of independent scores   that go into the estimate minus the number of parameters used as   intermediate steps in the estimation of the parameter itself (which,   in sample variance, is one, since the sample mean is the only   intermediate step).      Mathematically, degrees of freedom is the dimension of the domain of a   random vector, or essentially the number of 'free' components: how   many components need to be known before the vector is fully   determined.   The bold words are what I don't quite understand. If possible, some mathematical formulations will help clarify the concept.  Also do the three interpretations agree with each other?


I was trying to set it to one of my programmable keys on my keyboard but I messed up and made this happen...  Can I undo?

I have just started using Blender but I feel stupid that I can't find how to reset/remove shortcut added through     By accident I have added a right mouse to Remove Doubles so my right click functionality is gone. Every time I right click Blender tries to remove doubles and I can't seem to be able to reverse to standard behaviour..  I have tried exporting/importing factory settings through user preferences ( Input tab ) but that didn't work.  So can you please point me in the right direction how to reset the shortcuts?  Using Blender 2.69.


I have a string passed from an API, and in place of certain characters, this appears � instead of the original char ç.  I've already tried html_entity_decode, utf8_encode, utf8_decode,htmlentities, etc..  Any idea what I can try? The string is originally encoded in UTF-8

I'm setting up a new server and want to support UTF-8 fully in my web application. I have tried this in the past on existing servers and always seem to end up having to fall back to ISO-8859-1.  Where exactly do I need to set the encoding/charsets? I'm aware that I need to configure Apache, MySQL, and PHP to do this — is there some standard checklist I can follow, or perhaps troubleshoot where the mismatches occur?  This is for a new Linux server, running MySQL 5, PHP, 5 and Apache 2.


Is a notification sent to someone who downvoted a question when that question has been updated?  Initially, my question got a downvote because it was lacking sufficient information/code/explanation/etc..  Now, I have updated my question & it looks good. Will a notification be sent to the downvoter that this question has been updated, so that the downvoter can review the question again & if it looks good to him/her they can remove the downvote?

To me, a downvote usually indicates a problem with an answer. When I downvote it's to mark the answer as having a problem, not the person. If the answer is fixed, I want to remove that downvote - but it's tricky to keep track of all the questions I've looked at over the last few hours.  I don't actually downvote very much, but it's very easy to forget what's going on.  It would be nice to have some way of indicating in an edit that you (the editor/answerer) believe the reason for the downvote has now been resolved, so that the downvoters could come and undo their downvotes or explain why it's still not fixed.  (Note: this isn't about rep-recovery, but quality control. I would feel a lot better about downvoting on "iffy" answers if I felt it was likely that the answer would be fixed and I could undo the vote. Whether or not I'd get back the cost of the downvote is somewhat immaterial.)


This is a **line** of code.    How can I make line and only line shown in bold font?

How can I make a word in a code sample bold? I only see asterisks around the expected bold text.  sample **sample** sample


I've got a 480 GB SSD in a MacBook Pro running OS X El Capitan 10.11.6. I have recently reformatted the drive and clean installed the OS.  I have very limited programmes installed on this machine and all my files are managed by Dropbox, using their , which stores all your files in the Dropbox cloud and downloads them locally as and when you need them.  What's strange is that although I've got a 480 GB SSD, and only using c. 25GB as confirmed by the total at the bottom of Finder (see attached screenshot), if I go to About this Mac → Storage, it says I've used about 210 GB, mostly all photos and movies.  Any idea why this would be?

On my MacBook Pro Retina late 2014 running OS X Yosemite, there's something weird going on.  If i look at the storage tab in the "About my Mac" menu, I use only 67 gigabytes of storage but it says 151 gigabytes are used on apps alone.   Maybe this screenshot is a better explanation:    Is someone else experiencing this problem?


I recently installed Ubuntu 16.04. my laptop is hp15bs576tx.  It was recently bought from Amazon. it's i5 7 gen with 8gb ram. It was bought for 45000. Despite of being such a modern laptops it doesn't support WiFi. There is no way I can switch on WiFi. There is a icon that has WiFi symbol but there is nothing inside. If it is a driver problem then I can't understand that what is the use of having such an expensive laptop. Also the sound is very low. Pls help me how can I get WiFi working on my device  Here is the output  03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device [10ec:d723]     DeviceName: WLAN     Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:8319]     Kernel modules: wl 0: hci0: Bluetooth     Soft blocked: no     Hard blocked: no

How do I install Wi-Fi drivers for Realtek RTL8723DE device in Ubuntu 16.04?  lspci -v | grep -i network 02:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device d723


On this site there are links to books that I read. I recommend these/those books.   Below on this page there are links to books that I read. I recommend these/those books.      Should I use these or those?  EDIT: I replaced “lists” with “links”.  NOTE: Each link redirects the visitor to another site.

First of all, I'm not a native English speaker, but in school I learned that these is used if referring to something near, and those is used when referring to something far away (temporally or locally). But now I'm sometimes watching English movies and notice sentences like "Have you seen those boots?" while the boots were only centimeters away. Is this just not correct, or have I learned the wrong rules?  Another question is, what if I'm referring to something abstract such as ideas or thoughts so that I can't say if they are far away or not. Should I use those or these?  Edit  So it can't be really wrong in any case if I use these respectively those?


I'm a decently experienced Dominion player (I have the Base set, Intrigue, Seaside, Prosperity and Hinterlands is on it's way) and I'm wondering what would be a good next expansion for beating big-money style strategies?  Any thoughts?

Our group has determined that buying (almost exclusively) money and points is the way to go.  Most kingdom cards are ignored, or are bought very sparingly. This has lead to games feeling 'samey' and has taken a lot of the fun out for us.  What strategies should we use to counter ""?  Or are house rules needed here?


How many subsets does a set $S$ with $n$ elements have?    I think the product principle can be used to answer this question. But I am not sure how it applies. I tried to do this by finding all of the subsets for $n=1, 2, 3$ but I couldn't find a pattern because I was probably doing it wrong. For example when $n=2$ we could have a subset with just the first element, just the second element, both elements, or the empty set, this gives us $4$ subsets when $n=2$, is this correct?

Let $A$ be a set of size fifteen. Let $\mathcal{P}(A)$ denote the power set of $A$, that is the set of all the subsets of $A$. How many elements does $\mathcal{P}(A)$ contain?   This is the same as being $0$ or $1$, binary sets of size $1\to 14$?  Does this mean the answer is  ${15\choose 0} + {15\choose 1} + {15\choose 2} +\dots +{15\choose 13}+{15\choose 14}+{15\choose 15}$?  Or is there something I am not considering?


Running:  sudo apt-get install php5-imagick    failed, and produced output including this in the middle:  Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libavahi-common3 amd64 0.6.31-4ubuntu1 [21.7 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libavahi-client3 amd64 0.6.31-4ubuntu1 [25.1 kB] Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main libcups2 amd64 1.7.2-0ubuntu1.1   404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main libcupsfilters1 amd64 1.0.52-0ubuntu1.2 [74.4 kB] Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libfftw3-double3 amd64 3.3.3-7ubuntu3 [702 kB] Err http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main libcups2 amd64 1.7.2-0ubuntu1.1   404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80] Err http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main libcupsimage2 amd64 1.7.2-0ubuntu1.1   404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80] Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libjasper1 amd64 1.900.1-14ubuntu3 [129 kB] Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main liblcms2-2 amd64 2.5-0ubuntu4 [132 kB]   and this at the end (referring to the same errors):  E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/c/cups/libcups2_1.7.2-0ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80] E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/c/cups/libcupsimage2_1.7.2-0ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80] E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

I removed software center from the terminal and after that I tried to install it from synaptic package manager.  Now I get a message saying that it's unable to retrieve a few packages.  Have a look:  W: Failed to fetch http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/k/kdepimlibs/libkmime4_4.7.1+git111001-0ubuntu1_i386.deb   404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.170 80] W: Failed to fetch http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/k/kdepimlibs/libkimap4_4.7.1+git111001-0ubuntu1_i386.deb   404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.170 80]   W: Failed to fetch http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/akonadi/akonadi-server_1.6.1+git110927-0ubuntu1_i386.deb 404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.170 80]   ...   W: Failed to fetch http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/k/kdepim-runtime/kdepim-runtime_4.7.1+git111001-0ubuntu1_i386.deb 404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.170 80]   I actually was getting report error pop-ups and was irritated with it so removed the software center and after that I never got this error.  Please help me.


I'm designing login screen for a music app like gaana, wynk. I have two options   Login with google and facebook Getting Username and password   Which is better?

I have implemented  on my website. I am wondering how important it is to include a traditional login (email/password) system.  I believe there may be a significant percentage of potential users that are either uncomfortable or unfamiliar with social login. These users may not sign up for my site if social login is the only option.  Does anyone know of any data comparing social login vs traditional login and the corresponding adoption rate?  Is there a current best practice? Do I need to give the user an option to sign up using username/password? Or is facebook/google/openID/twitter/MS/Yahoo enough?


For project euler Problem 10, we are supposed to add all primes but that is taking my computer years to do it. Need a more efficient algorithm! Heres my present C code:  #include <stdio.h>  int main(void)  { int i, j, flag, sum=0; for(i=3; i< 2000000; i = i + 2) {   flag=0;   for(j=3; j<=i/2; j = j + 2)   {     if(i%j==0)     {       flag=1;       break;     }   }   if(flag==0)     sum += i;  } printf ("%i", sum + 2); }

I'm going through the problems on projecteuler.net to learn how to program in Erlang, and I am having the hardest time creating a prime generator that can create all of the primes below 2 million, in less than a minute. Using the sequential style, I have already written three types of generators, including the Sieve of Eratosthenes, and none of them perform well enough.  I figured a concurrent Sieve would work great, but I'm getting bad_arity messages, and I'm not sure why. Any suggestions on why I have the problem, or how to code it properly?   Here's my code, the commented out sections are where I tried to make things concurrent:   -module(primeserver). -compile(export_all).  start() ->     register(primes, spawn(fun() -> loop() end)).  is_prime(N) -> rpc({is_prime,N}).  rpc(Request) ->     primes ! {self(), Request},     receive         {primes, Response} ->             Response     end.  loop() ->     receive         {From, {is_prime, N}} ->             if                 N  From ! {primes, false};                 N =:= 2 -> From ! {primes, true};                 N rem 2 =:= 0 -> From ! {primes, false};                 true ->                     Values = is_not_prime(N),                     Val = not(lists:member(true, Values)),                     From ! {primes, Val}             end,             loop()     end.  for(N,N,_,F) -> [F(N)]; for(I,N,S,F) when I + S  [F(I)|for(I+S, N, S, F)]; for(I,N,S,F) when I + S =:= N -> [F(I)|for(I+S, N, S, F)]; for(I,N,S,F) when I + S > N -> [F(I)].  get_list(I, Limit) ->     if         I              [I*A || A              []     end.  is_not_prime(N) ->     for(3, N, 2,          fun(I) ->              List = get_list(I,trunc(N/I)),             lists:member(N,lists:flatten(List))         end         ).      %%L = for(1,N, fun() -> spawn(fun(I) -> wait(I,N) end) end),     %%SeedList = [A || A       %%      lists:foreach(fun(X) ->     %%              Pid ! {in_list, X}      %%                end, SeedList)     %%        end, L).  %%wait(I,N) -> %%  List = [I*A || A  lists:member(X,List) %%  end.