I am trying to make a small section on a site with a text input, a button, and some text. However, it seems the input and button arent properly aligned with the text. Why is this, and how can I fix it? Here is what I have:   :root {      --font: "Bebas Neue", cursive;      --color1: 227, 227, 227; /* Light Grey */     --color2: 18, 18, 18;    /* Dark Grey  */  }  html, body {      font-family: var(--font);     color: rgb(var(--color1));     background: rgb(var(--color2));     overflow: hidden;     flex-direction: column;  }  @keyframes _slide_down {      0% { top: -200%; }     10% { top: -100%; }     100% { top: 0.8%; }  }  .slide_down {      position: absolute;     left: 0;     right: 0;     top: 0.8%;     margin-left: auto;     margin-right: auto;     animation: _slide_down 5s;  }  .top_left { position: absolute; top: 0.8%; left: 1%; }  .padded { padding: 1%; }  .squircle  { border-radius: 30px; }  .centered { text-align: center; margin: auto; display: block; }  .large { font-family: var(--font); font-size: 300%; }  .medium { font-family: var(--font); font-size: 38%; }  .glowing { text-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(var(--color1), 0.6); }  ._glowing { box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(var(--color1), 0.6); }  .right_rounded { border-top-right-radius: 15px; border-bottom-right-radius: 15px; }  .left_rounded { border-top-left-radius: 15px; border-bottom-left-radius: 15px; }  .stretched { width: 45%; }  .squished { width: 13%; } <link rel = "preconnect"              href = "https://fonts.gstatic.com">     <link href = "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bebas+Neue&display=swap"              rel = "stylesheet">  <div id = "generated_fen"             class = "large stretched slide_down centered padded glowing">          FEN Key:          <input type = "text"                 id = "fenID"                 class = "stretched padded medium left_rounded"                 placeholder = "xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxx/x/x/x/x/xxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxx x xxxx - x x"/>          <button type = "button"                 id = "set_to_fen"                 class = "squished padded medium right_rounded"> Set FEN </button>      </div>     How would I fix this? I want my input and button to not be completely aligned to the top of the div, but also not lower than the text either. They should be perfectly inline with the text, if that makes sense. Here is a sort of example, where the orange line is where I want the vertical middle of each element to line up. As of now, you can see they are not.

I have a div with two images and an h1. All of them need to be vertically aligned within the div, next to each other. One of the images needs to be absolute positioned within the div. What is the CSS needed for this to work on all common browsers?

testing...


Does anyone know a way to import 1000s of svg symbols into QGIS without having to painstakingly click on every single XML file to import?  I created SVG files (with xml) of all of the CAMUTCD sign symbols for CA, but it is so painful in QGIS to bring them all in and associate them automatically to the "class" classification in a categorized style process.   I would like to automate the process so it points to the svg directory in QGIS and in style have it automatically find the catagorized "class" value which is identical to the name of the SVG symbol.

I've downloaded the SVG icon pack from   Using the Import from URL has never worked for me, so how do I import these symbols into QGIS?   As far as I can tell I need an .XML defining each symbol.


I have the same issue which has been discussed  while trying to scale plots created using PGFplots. The issue is only present if I name the external pictures using \tikzsetnextfilename. However, naming them would be very helpful, otherwise all external images would be recreated if I added or removed one of them (right?).  The OP used a custom made script to scale the tikz picture, while I use the tikzscale package. In the manual, it says the external library is supported, but after compilation, the picture is printed unscaled.  Can someone confirm, that this is supposed to be working "out of the box", or do I have to tweak anything?  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{external} \tikzexternalize \usepackage{pgfplots} \usepackage{filecontents} \usepackage{tikzscale}  \begin{document}  \begin{filecontents}{bla.tikz}     \tikzsetnextfilename{pic}     \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}     \addplot coordinates {(0,0) (1,1)};     \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture} \end{filecontents}       \noindent\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}     \includegraphics[width=\textwidth, axisratio=2]{bla}  \end{document}

I found a weird behavior when using tikzscale in combination with the externalize-library:  When I configure externalize with only named = true, but do not set /pgfsetnextfilename for an image, this image is not being scaled anymore.  MWE:  \documentclass[]{article} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{external} \tikzexternalize[     only named=true, ] \usepackage{tikzscale} \usepackage{filecontents}  \begin{document}  \begin{filecontents}{simple.tikz}     \begin{tikzpicture}[show background rectangle]         \draw (1,0) -- (0,1);     \end{tikzpicture} \end{filecontents}  \tikzsetnextfilename{simple}  % no scaling is happening once this line is commented out \includegraphics[width=10cm]{simple.tikz}  \end{document}   Is this an expected behavior, or did I miss something/ do something wrong?  EDIT: As expected, putting a tikzexternaldisable before the \includegraphics solves this problem.


There are $2n$ people. There are $2n!$ ways to arrange them.  The number of ways to arrange them such that couples are always together is $n! \cdot 2^n$  How do you calculate the number of ways to arrange them such that no couples are together?

In how many ways can n couples (husband and wife) be arranged on a bench so no wife would sit next to her husband?  I thought about this:  (Total amount of ways to sit 2n people in 2n sits)-(Using inclusion and exclusion to find that at least 1 wife sits next to her husband) And i get:  Let $A_1$ be the attribute where at least 1 wife sits with her husband, Then we "merge" up the husband and wife into a one person. We have $\binom n1$ ways to choose $1$ couple out of $n$ couples, And we are left with $2n-1$ to place $2n-1$ 'people' so we get $(2n-1)!$ and so on, And on a general note:  $(2n)!-(2\binom n1(2n-1)!-2^2\binom n2(2n-2)!+...2^k(-1)^k\binom nk(2n-k)!)$ And a bit simplified:  $(2n)!-(\sum_{k=1}^n2^k(-1)^k\binom nk(2n-k)!$)  Since i don't have answers to this question i wanna know if i did something wrong? Did i even look at the question right?


How much would someone absorb from the  spell if they can't be put to sleep? The spell states  This spell sends creatures into a magical slumber. Roll 5d8; the total is how many hit points of creatures this spell can affect. Creatures within 20 feet of a point you choose within range are affected in ascending order of their current hit points (ignoring unconscious creatures). Starting with the creature that has the lowest current hit points, each creature affected by this spell falls unconscious until the spell ends. [...] Subtract each creature's hit points from the total before moving on to the creature with the next lowest hit points. A creature's hit points must be equal to or less than the remaining total for that creature to be affected.  So what happens if an elf or a warlock with Aspect of the Moon (both are immune to magical sleep but not directly to the spell itself) is in the targeted area? Would it: A. Treat them like they don't exist B. Subtract their HP and then move on, leaving them awake or C. Let them absorb the full effect of the spell as regardless of their HP they can't be put to sleep  B seems the most likely but I feel like I've seen C ruled before in a game. A would also make some sense as well.

From the spell description:     Sleep (...) Creatures within 20 feet of a point you choose within range are affected in ascending order of their current hit points (ignoring unconscious creatures). Starting with the creature that has the lowest current hit points,(...) Subtract each creature’s hit points from the total before moving on to the creature with the next lowest hit points. A creature’s hit points must be equal to or less than the remaining total for that creature   to be affected. Undead and creatures immune to being charmed aren’t affected by this spell. (PH p.276)   Now, to build the ascending order of their current hitpoints, the spell instructs to count everyone in area of effect, but only ignore unconscous creatures. Then later on it says that Undead and creatures immune to being charmed aren't affected.  Are those two latter kinds of creatures excluded from the roll of current HP by default? Following the "if they were it would say so" philosophy of Sage Advice, it doesn't seem so to me.


Do the electrons at the anode (negative end) of a battery flow through the copper to the cathode end or is it only the copper atoms electrons that flow to the cathode end of the battery or does both happen?   Another one that puzzles me is do the electrons at the anode end of the battery ever strike the copper atoms valence electrons? And if so is that what causes heat? Or is heat produced when the copper atoms strike each other when they randomly zigzag to the positive end of the terminal?   Last one is when the copper atoms lose electrons because it's attracted to the positively charged terminal. That copper atom becomes a cation how does current flow if that atom has a net positive charge?

I'm a high school student. I love computers and electronics. Few weeks ago, I thought to build my own electronic gadget but, unfortunately I had not much knowledge in electronics. So, I decided to learn. After Googling here and there, I came across a large amount of information. Nothing, except one thing, that daunts and intimidates me is that what the term Charge means? None of the books tell what it means. Some tell that it is the basic property of the matter and just it and don't define further about it. Whereas some don't even bother to tell about it. On  it is defined as:     Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when close to other electrically charged matter.   The definition is quite bit difficult and confusing. Similarly from  Website tutorials I got a different type of definition and understanding.  From books, I came to know that we still don't know much about charges even great scientists like Sir Stephen Hawking doesn't known much about it. Is it correct? If not, then why was it written in the books (I mean here books not a book), what is its correct definition? Why majority of books don't define what charges is/are?


Every so often I prepare a table and later decide to remove one column. Editing the data is annoying because it is sorted by rows, and also because I sometimes find that the result of removing the columns is worse and have to go back and un-do it.  Is there a column type "skip" or "null" or "do not print" - something which can silently passes over the column data without printing it? This would make it much easier to try removing a column and see how it looks.

I have a set of 10 tables and each has an extra column that I don't want. Specifically, these tables are descriptions of database tables exported by phpMyAdmin, and they all have a "MIME" column that I would like to remove. Is there a way to do this other than using string manipulation / find and replace?   I have tried setting the column to p{0in}, but the column title still remains.


Consider $f_n \to f$ a.e., $f_n \ge 0$, $f_n \in L^2(d\mu), f \in L^2(d\mu)$ and $\int |f_n|^2 \, d\mu \mathop{\longrightarrow}\limits_{n \to \infty} \int |f|^2 \, d\mu$. Find an elementary argument to show that $f_n \to f$ in $L^2(d\mu)$.  We need to show that: \begin{align*}   \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \lVert f_n - f \rVert_2 &= 0 \\   \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \left(\lVert f_n - f \rVert_2\right)^2 &= 0 \\ \end{align*} Starting with: \begin{align*}   \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \left(\lVert f_n - f \rVert_2\right)^2 &= \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \int (f_n - f)^2 \, d\mu \\   &= \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \int (f_n^2 + f^2 - 2 f f_n) \, d\mu \\   &= \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \int f_n^2 + \int f^2 - 2 \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \int f f_n \, d\mu \\ \end{align*} Since $f_n \to f$ in $L^2(d\mu)$, we can simplify: \begin{align*}   &= 2 \int f^2 - 2 \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \int f f_n \, d\mu \\ \end{align*} If $f_n \nearrow f$ we could use the monotone convergence theorem to conclude this proof. But we don't have that. I'm not sure how to conclude this.

Let $1\leq p < \infty$. Suppose that    $\{f_k\} \subset L^p$ (the domain here does not necessarily have to be finite),  $f_k \to f$ almost everywhere, and  $\|f_k\|_{L^p} \to \|f\|_{L^p}$.    Why is it the case that $$\|f_k - f\|_{L^p} \to 0?$$   A statement in the other direction (i.e. $\|f_k - f\|_{L^p} \to 0 \Rightarrow \|f_k\|_{L^p} \to \|f\|_{L^p}$ ) follows pretty easily and is the one that I've seen most of the time. I'm not how to show the result above though.


I installed Ubuntu on the new Lenovo miix 700 and haven't been able to get the wireless working. I used to have to remove and blacklist the ideapad_laptop wireless driver/controller with sudo modprobe -r ideapad_laptop and /etc/.d/blacklist-ideapad.conf to on the previous Lenovo miix model but didn't have luck doing that with this problem.  Kernel Version 3.19.0-25-generic  lshw -C network:     description: Network controller    product: Wireless 8260    vendor: Intel Corporation    physical id: 0    bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0    version: 3a    width: 64 bits    clock: 33MHz    capabilities: cap_list    configuration: latency=0    resources: memory:d1500000-d1501fff   When I run ifconfig I don't get a wireless link  [    2.413997] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) [    2.415741] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-17.ucode failed with error -2 [    2.415753] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-16.ucode failed with error -2 [    2.415761] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-15.ucode failed with error -2 [    2.415770] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-14.ucode failed with error -2 [    2.415779] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-13.ucode failed with error -2 [    2.415785] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-12.ucode failed with error -2 [    2.415787] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: request for firmware file 'iwlwifi-8000C-12.ucode' failed. [    2.415790] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: no suitable firmware found!   lspci -nn | grep 8086  01:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 [8086:24f3] (rev 3a)   The problem was a lot like what was found in this post so I followed .

As my laptop does not have Ethernet port, to set up wireless, I need to install drivers offline.  My Ubuntu version is 14.04.3, and kernel version is 3.19.0-25-generic.   Output of the command:  lspci -knn | grep Net -A2:   is:   01:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 [8086:24f3] (rev 3a)     Subsystem: Intel Corporation Dual Band Wireless-AC 8260 [8086:0010]   Since here:    it is suggested to try following these steps:     I tried, but without any success.  Now I am not sure what to try next. I am not Ubuntu expert, and would appreciate any help.  Thanks a lot in advance.


I'm working on project in Matlab which aim is to demonstrate how Luby Transform codes work. I need to generate generation matrix and I need to get some values from Robust Soliton Distribution, can someone explain me how to generate numbers according to this distribution, I need to generate one value for each column in my matrix, I saw Robust Solition formula here  but I don't understand what each variable means. Thanks in advance  Here is the formula form Wiki:

The  is a discrete probability distribution over a set $\{1,\dots, N\}$ with the probability mass function  $$ p(1)=\frac{1}{N},\qquad p(k)=\frac{1}{k(k-1)}\quad\text{for }k\in\{2,\dots, N\} $$  I'd like to use it as part of an implementation of an , ideally in Python where a uniform random number generator is available.


I was going through javaTpoint about wrapper class in java and it states that  "Change the value in Method: Java supports only call by value. So, if we pass a primitive value, it will not change the original value. But, if we convert the primitive value in an object, it will change the original value"   As first use of wrapper class in java, how can we demonstrate it? I've tried but it didn't worked Heres my snippet class demo {     void change(Integer a) {         a += 100;         System.out.println("Value in change: "+a);     }      public static void main (String [] a) {         Integer a = new Integer (10);         demo obj = new demo();         System.out.println("Value before change: "+a);         obj.change(a);         System.out.println("Value after change: "+a);     } }

I always thought Java uses pass-by-reference. However, I've seen a couple of blog posts (for example, ) that claim that it isn't (the blog post says that Java uses pass-by-value). I don't think I understand the distinction they're making. What is the explanation?


Suppose we have a non-empty set $P$ equipped with an associative binary operation $\bullet$ such that for every $a \in P$ there exists a unique $b \in P$ with $aba=a$. How would we go about proving this is a group?   I have tried various things, and proved some smaller results such as for the element $b$, the corresponding unique element $c$ such that $bcb=b$ satisfies $c=a$, but every attempt to show this structure is in fact a group seems to rely on circular logic that either a unique identity exists, or each element has a unique inverse, both of which we obviously have to prove!  Any help would be much appreciated.

The following could have shown up as an exercise in a basic Abstract Algebra text, and if anyone can give me a reference, I will be most grateful.  Consider a set $X$ with an associative law of composition, not known to have an identity or inverses. Suppose that for every $g\in X$, there is a unique $x\in X$ with $gxg=g$. Show that $X$ is a group.  Note that I’m not asking for a proof (though a really short one would please me!), just some place where this has been published.


For example:  @book{cohen2013statistical,   title={Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences},   author={Cohen, Jacob},   year={1988},   publisher={Routledge},   edition = {2} }   Outcome:    It suppose to be:  Cohen, J., 2013. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.   where the first name become short Cohen, J.

My code:  \usepackage[backend=biber, style=authoryear, citestyle=authoryear, dashed=false,maxcitenames=2,giveninits]{biblatex} \renewcommand*{\nameyeardelim}{\addcomma\space} \DeclareNameAlias{editor}{last-first}  \DeclareNameAlias{translator}{last-first}   and referencing:  @inproceedings{kazem2003design,   title={Design considerations for a background auditory display to aid pilot situation awareness},   author={Kazem, Mandana LN and Noyes, Janet M and Lieven, Nicholas J},   year={2003},   organization={Georgia Institute of Technology} }   The outcome:    It supposes to be:  Kazem, M.L., Noyes, J.M. and Lieven, N.J., 2003. Design considerations for a background auditory display to aid pilot situation awareness. Georgia Institute of Technology.   where the order of the first name and last name for the second author and the third author is not working well.   (Second author) J. M. Noyes --> Noyes, J.M. (Third authro) N.J. Lieven --> Lieven, N.J.


If there are N points on a circle, and you draw a chord between each of them, how many regions is the circle subdivided into

The maximum number $R_{n}$ of regions formed when $n$ points on a circle are joined in pairs is $\frac{1}{24}\left(n^{4}-6n^{3}+23n^{2}-18n+24\right)$.  This is a fact that I have read in several essays on the dangers of jumping to conclusions in mathematics.  In your opinion, what's the quickest (and/or nicest) way to prove this formula?  Professor  explains somewhere an especially convincing way to tackle this pearl following an idea which a certain high schooler in one of his talks (lectures?) came up with; yet, I don't remember  where it was that I actually read this...  Let me thank you in advance for your insightful replies.


None of the days in March are the days that I would have gone to office,but for being on annual leave.

I would not have worked in London in the summer but for being on holiday.


I realise that this question has been asked multiple times before, but I would like to ask about a specific detail in my proof.  Let F be a finite field.  I begin by showing that the characteristic of any finite integral domain must be a prime, say p.  This gives us that: $$ker(\phi) = pZ$$ where $\phi:Z \rightarrow F$ is a homomorphism.  By first isomorphism theorem,  $$Z/pZ \cong Im(\phi) \subset F$$   Now the problem is prompting me to show that this means we can assume that $Z/pZ \subset F$.  From here it is easy to show that F is a field over $Z/pZ$ (which is also a field) and finish the proof.   From what I understand, we aren't really showing that $F$ is a field over $Z/pZ$, but rather over an isomorphic subfield of $F$. But the prompt explicitly asks us to show that F is a field over $Z/pZ$. This is where my confusion is coming from.  Any help would be appreciated

Are there any galois fields which consist of product of two primes, as in $\mathrm{GF}(2\cdot 3) = \mathrm{GF}(6)$?


I've been going through some of my notes when I found the following inequality for $a,b,c>0$ and $abc=1$: $$ \begin{equation*} \sqrt{2}(a+b+c) \geq \sqrt{1+a^2} + \sqrt{1+b^2} + \sqrt{1+c^2} \end{equation*} $$  This was what I attempted, but that yielded no result whatsoever: $$ \begin{align} \sqrt{2}(a+b+c) &\geq \sqrt{1+a^2} + \sqrt{1+b^2} + \sqrt{1+c^2}\\ &\geq \sqrt{abc+a²} + \sqrt{abc+b²} + \sqrt{abc+c²}\\ &\geq \sqrt{a(bc+a)}+\sqrt{b(ac+b)}+\sqrt{c(ab+c)}\\ &\geq \sqrt{a\left(\frac{1}{a}+a\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(\frac{1}{b}+b\right)}+\sqrt{c\left(\frac{1}{c}+c\right)} \end{align} $$ With this we then have $$ \begin{align} \sqrt{1+a²} &= \sqrt{a\left(\frac{1}{a}+a\right)}\\ &=\sqrt{a\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a²}{a}\right)}\\ &=\sqrt{a\left(\frac{1+a²}{a}\right)}\\ &=\sqrt{1+a²} \end{align} $$ This yields nothing but frustration and gets me back to step 0

If $x>0$, $y>0$, $z>0$ and $xyz = 1$ then   $$\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1+y^2}+\sqrt{1+z^2} \le \sqrt{2}(x+y+z)$$   I tried using $\displaystyle x = \frac{a}{b},y = \frac{b}{c}$ and $\displaystyle z = \frac{c}{a}$ substitution,  $\displaystyle \sum_{cyc} \frac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}{b} \le \sqrt{2}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right) \\ \displaystyle  \iff 6+ 2\sum_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{(a^2+b^2)(b^2+c^2)}}{bc} \le \sum_{cyc}\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2} + 4\sum_{cyc}\frac{b}{a}$  So it would suffice if we showed $\displaystyle \sum_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{(a^2+b^2)(b^2+c^2)}}{bc} \le 2\sum_{cyc}\frac{b}{a}$  Squaring again does not lead anywhere nice. Is the last inequality true ? If not is there a better way of showing the result ?


Example:  Methamphetamine should have never been created.  or  Methamphetamine should never have been created.  Which one is correct? This seems like it should have a simple answer, but either way sounds good to my ear. Is there an official rule? EDIT: This is not the same as asking the difference between 'was never' and 'never was.' 'Was' is the past tense form of the infinitive verb 'to be.' In this case, the word 'have' is part of the verb itself. This question essentially involves whether the word 'never' could be added as part of the verb. To clarify and expand the question, it could in fact be said in three different ways:  should have never been should never have been never should have been

What is the difference between "I never was" and "I was never"? It seems that there is a subtle difference, but I can't quite grasp it. Is one of them informal?  For example:        I never was a good cook.   I was never a good cook.


In Timothy Zahn , all force-sensitive characters who draw from the dark side of the Force are referred to as "Dark Jedi". That includes Vader and Palpatine, who we would call "Sith" today.  It's clear that in early 1990s, there were no "Sith order", "Sith religion" or "Sith race" yet. The word "Sith" existed, first being used in novelization of A New Hope (), but it referred exclusively to Darth Vader then. It's also confirmed by Wookieepedia, which says that "the term »Sith« would not be properly defined for another few years" ().  When was current meaning of "Sith" established? What is the first work that defined our current understanding?

I don't remember any mention of the Sith in the original trilogy. The few expanded universe books I've read (which predate the prequel trilogy) refer to "Dark Jedi."  When were the Sith first mentioned in Star Wars canon? (Real time, not in-universe time.)


Many professors say on their websites not to email them because they cannot make admission decisions alone, but rather it is the decision of a whole committee. However, my undergraduate advisor said there is nothing stopping a single professor from admitting a student if they see fit. Is this true? And if so, how often does it happen?

I've had a promising Skype interview with a great professor from a top-level university in US. Our research interests are closely related and he encouraged me to apply BUT he says that all decisions are finally made by admission committee there.  The question is "Is a professor in such a high-level university able to affect admission committee if he really wants a student?" or "Does admission committee decision-making process become easier if a professor really wants an applicant?"  The main point is the difference between my transcript (which is a real catastrophe!) and my research background which is pretty good so the professor's decision might be different from admission committee.


I'm trying to center the div using css. No problem assigning the padding size in pixels, but can't get it work with "auto".

  This it the page I need help with: https://armadaled.org/luminarias_bombillas_reflectores_rd/ Using this CSS added via WP Additional CSS it partially solves the problem, but it loses responsiveness in sense of smaller desktop screens, meantime mobile looks good. It only works when applied to #main div. .page-id-6711 #main {     padding-top: 20px !important;     padding-right: auto !important;      padding-left: 150px !important;     width: 100% !important;     height: 100% !important; }  When logically I need to play with "primary" div's margins. What doesn't work. I just need this "primary" div to be centered horizontally for all resolutions... But padding-left (right): auto combinations have no effect at all. Is this related to clearfix? Just don't know where else to look for. I tried all possible combinations assigning the width in pixels.

How can I horizontally center a
 within another
 using CSS?

Foo foo


I have got a JSON  response from  external system which consists of some data which need to be saved in sales force.  Now I have de-serialized the JSON data to apex class using some tool.  and how do I save the data from apex class to salesforce.  Any help...?

I am integrating sales force with an external website.  The developer at the external end will push the data into sales force. and it will be in P.H.P script format.  Then how will I get that data into sales force. can I use it directly or do I need to de serialize or write a code to get that data into sales force.  The data he will send is related to accounts and contacts.  Any suggestions.


I've installed Skype by using dkpg and when I try to run it, this is what I get -bash: /usr/bin/skype: No such file or directory. Which is very strange since ls -l | grep skype shows this:  -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root    30717480 May  7 01:43 skype   I had similiar problems when I installed FireFox, but since I didn't need it all that much, didn't care. However, I do need Skype on Linux.  Output of my $PATH variable:  /home/max/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin:/home/max/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@global/bin:/home/max/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin:/home/max/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games   Anyone care to explain?... Because I'm stunned.

I have currently a strange problem on debian (wheezy/amd64).  I have created a chroot to install a server (i can't give any more detail about it, sorry). Let's call its path /chr_path/. To make things easy, I have initialized this chroot with a debootstrap (also wheezy/amd64).  All seemed to work well inside the chroot but when I started the installer script of my server I got : zsh: Not found /some_path/perl (the installer includes a perl binary for some reasons)  Naturally, I checked the /some_path/ location and I found the "perl" binary. file in chroot environment returns :  /some_path/perl ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.2.5, not stripped   The file exists, seems ok, has correct rights. I can use file, ls, vim on it but as soon as I try to execute it - ./perl for example - I get : zsh: Not found ./perl.  This situation is quite understandable for me. Moreover :   I can execute other basic binaries (/bin/ls,...) in the chroot without getting errors I have the same problems for other binaries that came with the project When I try to execute the binary from the main root (/chr_path/some_path/perl), it works. I have tried to put one of the binaries with a copy of my ls. I checked that the access rights were the same but this didn't change anything (one was working, and the other wasn't)


Title says it all, I don't see confirmation in  and a cursory google search seemed to say assume no and speculate about the pokemon bank.

I would like to trade Pokémon from my previous games to my Pokémon Sun/Moon version. Which Pokémon games/tools can be used to realize those trades?


For finite sets it's easy to prove it because the cardinal of the power set it's bigger than that of the set so there won't be enough elements in the codomain for the function to be injective. What is the proof for infinte sets though?  Thanks in advance.

Show that: Let A be a set and let $P(A)$ be the set of all subsets of $A$. Then there is no surjection $f: A→P(A)$.  Here is what I thought:  if $A=\{a,b\}$ then it has only two elements where $P(A)=\{∅,\{a\},\{b\},\{a,b\}\}$ has 4 elements. Therefore $f:A→P(A)$ cannot be surjective. But I have some problems:  1) How is it possible that any $f$ function to take $\{a\}$ from set $A$ to $\{a,b\}$? Maybe because I am thinking mainly about functions with real values like $f(x)=2x$, I find it a little bit strange that a function to take an element of a set to another set which has more elements. Is it possible?  edit: Now I thought that if $f(x)$ is $\sqrt{x}$, then $f(4)=±2$ which means it took an element from a set to a set which has 2 elements. But still I find it kind of strange to denote $f(\{a\})=\{a,b,c,...\}$  2) How can I construct a explicit proof for this question?  Regards


so I'm making this cool sword in blender and I made the glowing runes appear in the groove of the sword and on the pommel, but after I saved it and reopened the file every surface on which I did the runes became neon green(i checked and it only responded when I changed the green value in the RGB). plus, when I go into solid mode and make it display materials every thing turns purple. how can I fix this?

I made a character, and its one of my first times texturing, and I saved my character into a new folder, and when I came back to the model ALL the textures were pink, I used to know what to do, but I stopped texturing, how do I bring my textures back?


My PC: Pentium 4, 2GB RAM, 32 bit, currently no OS  I installed Lubuntu 14.04.5 from a bootable USB. When I restarted the computer, it stuck at black screen. Then I pressed Ctrl+Alt+F1 combination. After that this text is being displayed:  lubuntu@lubuntu:~$   Being a beginner, I don't know what to do.

I am trying to boot Ubuntu on my computer.  When I boot Ubuntu, it boots to a black screen.  How can I fix this? Table of Contents:


how can I Put title of figure in the left of the figure as in the attached capture ?

Can anyone tell me how to get my caption on side of my figure, and at the same time aligned with the top of my figure?


My situation is that I have a valid visa for entering Russia on 27/11/2016, and my flight arrives in Moscow at 02:00 same morning, this is only transit for going deeper into Russia.  I'm leaving Amsterdam Airport at 20:40 on 26/11/2016 (when my visa isn't valid yet).  Do you think there will be any problem during my travel? I have European citizenship.  UPDATE: Hello - Everything went as expected! They checked my VISA at Amsterdam Airport and gave me green light to go on the plane :))

I have a question, I applied for the Schengen visa through Germany, on the form they ask me when I'd arriving (to Germany) and when I'd returning. they take this exact date as the visa period.  I wondering if they would let me get into the plane, even though my flight it a day before the arrival.  Let get the real deal; let say this:  My visa is valid from 02/12/2014 to 02/02/2015. But, my flight is scheduled to be departing on 01/12/2014, but entering Germany 02/12/2014. the flight duration is almost 9hours and there is 7hours difference between Germany and the departing flight country.


I have:   a shapefile of circles at 15 meters radius and  point data with GPS coordinates.    How can I count the number of points within each circle and have a raw number that can show such? I've tried spatial joins, but I can't seem to find the proper way to determine the number of points.

I'm creating a map with two shapefiles:   A polygon of counties Points of cities   I used the function Intersect to group the cities in each county.  I'm trying to get the number of cities in each county to show up in the legend.    For example, in county A there are 16 cities, in county B there are 7 cities and so on.  I'm trying to create a choropleth map that shows the number of cities in each county.


I've just taken control over a Drupal site which the old admin used php blocks. I normally work on Joomla sites but from research and advice from others PHP blocks don't help the site in the long run.  What's the best way forward when some of the PHP blocks are set to some pages in a set area.  For example PHP block 1 is only on the Home Page's Sidebar where PHP block 2 is on Page About Us and Contact Us' Sidebar.  Just some background, This is the first Drupal site I've worked on and know only bits and pieces about Drupal apart from the general how it works and some extra details. If I've missed some research or reading which could aid in this issue which you can direct me too, this again would be great help.

Learning Drupal. I know now that I can create block through the backend, but I would rather precreate them programmatically, if it's possible. In fact I'm pretty sure that it's possible. But what's the easiest way?


So I read this:     Spell save DC = 8 + your proficiency bonus + your Intelligence modifier    Spell attack modifier = your proficiency bonus + your Intelligence modifier   Now, in this case is 8 just a base number or is that supposed to be the intelligence score? I am mainly confused because if it is the score and that is for a wizard that it very low. I'm trying to determine the numbers I would then require to place for spellcasting ability, spell save dc and spell attack bonus.

How do you determine the Spellcasting ability and the spell attack bonus? I've tried searching for it in the player's handbook and searched for answers here, but I haven't found anything.


My dad is reading the novel  and there are several paragraphs as follows:  To her relief, Bill's voice came over the phone. "Hello," he said. Riley's heart jumped. She didn't know whether to be relieved or terrified to hear his voice. "Bill, this is Riley," she said. "I know who this is," Bill replied.   What we (my dad and I) learned was we should say "I know who that is," not "who this is."  Although I can't tell why, I feel "I know who this is" is also correct. It sounds like "who this is" focuses on the speaker (in this case, Bill). Although Riley was on the other end, when Bill was holding and talking to the phone in his hand, he was imagining the phone to be the representative of Riley. Because the phone was on Bill's side, it was OK for him to say "who this is".  So my questions are:   In most cases, do native speakers still say "I know who that is"? Is it OK to say "who this is"?

On the telephone, the person answering it may say "Who is calling?" or "Who is this?" Why do you say "this" to the caller on the other end of the phone? Is is wrong to say "Who is that?"


According to Liu's "Algebraic Geometry and Arithmetic Curves", Proposition 2.4.2, if $X$ is any scheme, there is a unique closed subscheme $X_{red} \to X$ with the same underlying topological space, and this satisfies the property that each morphism $Y \to X$ from a reduced scheme $Y$ factors uniquely through $X_{red}$. Of course, it is also true that any morphism of schemes $X \to Y$ can be extended uniquely to a morphism $X_{red} \to Y$ by composition. Since "nice" schemes are usually required to be reduced, I wonder what the use of considering reduced schemes is. More in detail, I have the following questions:   Is the purpose of having non-reduced schemes solely to make definitions clearer and more consistent? (For instance, if $A$ is a non-reduced ring, we would need to change the definition of $\mathrm{Spec}A$ to make it a reduced scheme) Is it true that one can, for all practical purposes, just assume that all schemes he's dealing with are reduced? This seems reasonable in view of the fact that morphisms to and from $X$ can be seen as morphisms to and from $X_{red}$. But is it possible to have two different morphisms from $X$ to a reduced scheme $Y$ that become the same when we compose them with the "inclusion" $X_{red} \to X$? Is this a major problem that hinders us from assuming that all schemes are reduced, or not?

I'm trying to learn the theory of algebraic groups using "modern" algebraic geometry, going past the traditional, very standard books by Borel, Springer, and Humphreys, all of which try to avoid the use of group schemes. One of the motivations for using schemes is that in the classical setting, "nilpotents are not allowed," a sentence I don't understand. For example, on page 18 in Milne's Algebraic Groups (which is still in draft form), he writes, "Since we allow nilpotents in the structure sheaf, the points of an algebraic group with coordinates in a field, even algebraically closed, do not convey much information about the group. Thus, it is natural to consider its points in a $k$-algebra. Once we do that, the points capture all information about the algebraic group."   This is clearly not meant to be totally precise. But I still wonder what he means. I'm thinking of the curves $x^2=0$ and $x=0$ as one example which is sometimes used to motivate the definition of scheme (the behavior at 0 is different in those two examples).   Here are my questions, presumably related: By "nilpotents in the structure sheaf," does he mean nilpotents in the coordinate ring? What does "allowing nilpotents" mean, and what is wrong with not allowing nilpotents? Why doesn't allowing nilpotents force the points to "convey much information" about the group? What information does thinking of algebraic groups as functors capture?  I should add that I'm mostly used to thinking of algebraic groups as functors. For example, $SL_n$ is thought of as a functor that takes a ring $R$ to the matrix group $SL_n(R)$.  (I can post this as more than one question if it would be better, but I don't know enough about the answer I'm looking for to know whether or not that is a good idea.)


If $f (x – y) = f (x) · g (y) – f (y) · g (x)$ and $g (x – y) = g (x) · g (y) + f (x) · f (y)$ for all $x, y \in R$. If right hand derivative at $x = 0$ exists for $f (x)$. Find derivative of $g (x)$ at $x = 0$.  My attempt is as follows:-  $$\lim_{h\to0^{+}}=\dfrac{f(h)-f(0)}{h}$$  Putting $x=0,y=0$ in the first functional equation  $$f(0)=f(0)g(0)-f(0)g(0)$$ $$f(0)=0$$  Putting $x=0,y=0$ in the second functional equation  $$g(0)=g^2(0)$$ $$g(0)=0 \text { or } g(0)=1$$  Case $1$: $g(0)=0$  Putting $x=h,y=0$ in the first equation  $$f(h)=f(h)g(0)-f(0)g(h)$$  $$f(h)=0$$  So $$\lim_{h\to0^{+}}=\dfrac{f(h)-f(0)}{h}=0=f'(0^+)$$  Putting $x=h,y=0$ in the second equation  $$g(h)=g(h)g(0)+f(h)f(0)$$ $$g(h)=0$$  $$g'(0)=\lim_{h\to0}=\dfrac{g(h)-g(0)}{h}=0$$  Case $2$: $g(0)=1$  Putting $x=0,y=h$ in the first equation  $$f(0-h)=f(0)g(h)-f(h)g(0)$$ $$f(-h)=-f(h)$$  $$g(0-h)=g(0)g(h)+f(0)f(h)$$ $$g(-h)=g(h)$$  $$\lim_{h\to 0}\dfrac{g(h)-g(0)}{h}$$  Put $x=\dfrac{h}{2},y=-\dfrac{h}{2}$ in the second functional equation  $$g(h)=g\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)g\left(-\dfrac{h}{2}\right)+f\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)f\left(-\dfrac{h}{2}\right)$$  $$g(h)=g\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)g\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)-f\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)f\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)\tag{1}$$  Putting $x=y$ in the second functional equation  $$g(0)=g(x)^2+f(x)^2$$  $$g(h)=1-f\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)f\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)-f\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)f\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)\tag{1}$$  $$\lim_{h\to 0}\dfrac{-2f^2\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)}{h}$$  $$\lim_{h\to 0}\dfrac{-2hf^2\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)}{4\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)^2}$$  $$\dfrac{-1}{2}\cdot\left(\lim_{h\to 0}h\right)\cdot\lim_{h\to 0}\dfrac{f^2\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)}{\left(\dfrac{h}{2}\right)^2}$$  $$\dfrac{-1}{2}\cdot\left(\lim_{h\to 0}h\right)\cdot f'(0)^2=0$$

The question is:    Question.  Let $f,g:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be two functions that satisfy$$f(x-y)=f(x)\cdot g(y)-f(y)\cdot g(x)$$ and $$g(x-y)=g(x)\cdot g(y)+f(x)\cdot f(y)$$ for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R} $.  If the right hand derivative at $x=0$ exists for $f(x)$, then what is $g'(0)$ ?  My try:  By some simple substitutions I figured out that $f(0)=0$ and $g(0)=1$. If in the second equation, we put $x=y$, it will give $g(0)=(g(x))^2+(f(x))^2$. If $g(0)=0$, sum of the two squares becomes $0$ which implies the squares themselves are zero, I neglected $g(x)=f(x)=0$ as a trivial solution and hence took $g(0)=1$. But how do I proceed after this?


I have a string, and need it split into a string array. The string is like this Line 0|X|X|1|x|2|3|X, there is a few of these and there will always be 9 values into the array, with | being used as a splitter  I'm struggling to find something that isn't completely over complicated, so any help would be apperciated

I'm trying to iterate over the words of a string.  The string can be assumed to be composed of words separated by whitespace.  Note that I'm not interested in C string functions or that kind of character manipulation/access. Also, please give precedence to elegance over efficiency in your answer.  The best solution I have right now is:  #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string>  using namespace std;  int main() {     string s = "Somewhere down the road";     istringstream iss(s);      do     {         string subs;         iss >> subs;         cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;     } while (iss); }   Is there a more elegant way to do this?


Why is my screenshot image not centered on the screen?  My css so far is this:

   When I inspect the image in chrome, I can see that there is some area on the right of the image that is not part of the image but is taking up space.  Here is a screenshot where you can see this invisible padding to the right of the image.  Any idea what is going on as I would like to understand how I can't even center a simple image.  As a bonus, if someone can figure this out using containers, can you also show me an alternate method using flex?  I tried 'flex items-center' also and that didn't work for me either.

How can I horizontally center a
 within another
 using CSS?

Foo foo


I am constantly on the lookout for effective yet inexpensive means to generate SSB signals. Analog Devices' LTC5598 Direct Quadrature Modulator turns baseband analog I/Q signals into RF from 5MHz to 1.6GHz. Sadly, for my purposes, the performance falls off dramatically below 5MHz.  What would happen, theoretically, if the output of the LTC5598 could be processed through some frequency-dividing means to cover lower frequencies? Would the spectrum of the modulation be preserved, distorted or destroyed? I would appreciate a reference outlining the Fourier analysis of this question.

I need a mathematical description of what happens to the spectrum of a signal when that signal is processed to divide its frequency.  As an example, construct an input signal as the sum of two sine waves of different frequencies (as commonly used in a "two tone" test). Processing this signal with a buffer that changes state at the rising zero crossings of the input signal produces a squared wave whose frequency can be divided by a flip-flop:   The spectrum of the the input signal comprises tones at 102kHz and 105kHz:  "Squaring" the input preserves the two equal tones, albeit with added side tones (spaced at the difference between the two original tones) that result from removal of the amplitude envelope and added harmonics from the squaring:   Passing the squared signal through a flip-flop produces a second square wave which in which the two-tone nature is no longer present:   The single dominant tone is at 1/2 the frequency of the higher of the original two tones, while the spacing between the peaks continues to be the spacing between the two original tones.  Passing the squared result through an LC low-pass filter produces a sine wave with cycles that are half as frequent as the input:   with the same general spectral distribution as the squared output:   Can someone, please, explain what happened to the other tone?


Is there a shortcut to close the current window?   ⌘W closes the current tab ⌥⌘W closes all windows ⌘Q quits the app completely   However, I’m looking for an intermediate between 1 and 2, to close the current window as if I’m pressing the red x.

I am looking for a way to close the currently focused window using a keyboard shortcut. Effectively I want to do the same thing as the red "X" button in the top left corner, only using a keyboard. On windows/linux this is done by alt+f4  I know about:   ⌘ Cmd+w - in any tabbed application such as google chrome it will close the current tab instead of current window ⌘ Cmd+q - will close the entire app instead of just the current window


I need to design a circuit so that it can convert 0 - 80 V DC to 0 - 3.3V DC. I need to give the output of a battery which is in the range of 0 - 80 V to an STM32F103 microcontroller. Since the operating voltage of the STM32 is 3.3V it is not possible to directly take the output. I need to convert it to a range of 0 - 3.3 V in order not to blast the controller. Can you please suggest a method to do that. Is it possible to achieve it using potentiometers. If yes can you please explain how the circuit should be?

I have an analog signal which ranges between 0V and 10V.  I want to linearly scale it down to 0 to 2.5V for my ADC.     I'm concerned that using a resistive voltage divider will affect signal quality.  Is this true?  If it's not true, what value resistor should I use for voltage divider?


My site was hacked. Most html and javascript files in my site were modified to included the link in the question title. What strategies should I employ to reduce the likelihood of my site being hacked again?

This is a  about Server Security - Responding to Breach Events (Hacking)   See Also:                  Canonical Version I suspect that one or more of my servers is compromised by a hacker, virus, or other mechanism:   What are my first steps? When I arrive on site should I disconnect the server, preserve "evidence", are there other initial considerations? How do I go about getting services back online? How do I prevent the same thing from happening immediately again? Are there best practices or methodologies for learning from this incident? If I wanted to put a Incident Response Plan together, where would I start? Should this be part of my Disaster Recovery or Business Continuity Planning?   Original Version       2011.01.02 - I'm on my way into work at 9.30 p.m. on a Sunday because our server has been compromised somehow and was resulting in a    attack on our provider. The servers access to the Internet   has been shut down which means over 5-600 of our clients sites are now   down. Now this could be an FTP hack, or some weakness in code   somewhere. I'm not sure till I get there.      How can I track this down quickly? We're in for a whole lot of   litigation if I don't get the server back up ASAP. Any help is   appreciated. We are running Open SUSE 11.0.            2011.01.03 - Thanks to everyone for your help. Luckily I WASN'T the only person responsible for this server, just the nearest. We managed   to resolve this problem, although it may not apply to many others in a   different situation. I'll detail what we did.      We unplugged the server from the net. It was performing (attempting to   perform) a Denial Of Service attack on another server in Indonesia,   and the guilty party was also based there.      We firstly tried to identify where on the server this was coming from,   considering we have over 500 sites on the server, we expected to be   moonlighting for some time. However, with SSH access still, we ran a   command to find all files edited or created in the time the attacks   started. Luckily, the offending file was created over the winter   holidays which meant that not many other files were created on the   server at that time.      We were then able to identify the offending file which was inside the   uploaded images folder within a  website.      After a short cigarette break we concluded that, due to the files   location, it must have been uploaded via a file upload facility that   was inadequetly secured. After some googling, we found that there was   a security vulnerability that allowed files to be uploaded, within the   ZenCart admin panel, for a picture for a record company. (The section   that it never really even used), posting this form just uploaded any   file, it did not check the extension of the file, and didn't even   check to see if the user was logged in.      This meant that any files could be uploaded, including a PHP file for   the attack. We secured the vulnerability with ZenCart on the infected   site, and removed the offending files.      The job was done, and I was home for 2 a.m.            The Moral   - Always apply security patches for ZenCart, or any other CMS system for that matter. As when security updates are released, the whole   world is made aware of the vulnerability.   - Always do backups, and backup your backups.   - Employ or arrange for someone that will be there in times like these. To prevent anyone from relying on a panicy post on Server   Fault.


I am working on my noughts and crosses game, and I am following a youtube tutorial, It is helping me write the Java code. I am wondering I could to publish it to the website itch.io legally. The game would be free. Thankyou.

I am new to the world of making games and all. Well its been a few months or so. There are many tutorials that I have been watching. On the way, I made a few games that I saw and made. I am not asking about those. In fact I don't want to publish those games in my name ever. But then there are some small games that I made which are modified version from what I learnt of those games. Like I changed the game-play style, made it simpler and ignored some features from a game.  Can I publish them in play store? Or this would be any break of law or something? or Something that I should not do?


I am trying to define a class Fraction:   def __init__(self,num=0,denom=1):         self.num = num         self.denom = denom   And I also want to define a add method,  def __add__(self,right):      if type(right) is int:         return (self.num/self.denom) + right     if type(right) is Fraction:         return ((self.num/self.denom)+(right.num/right.denom))   def __radd__(self,left):     return (self.num/self.denom)+left   It works, and always returns a float. However, I want it to return a fraction. For example: if I test:  f = Frac(1,2) f + Frac(1,3)  f + 2  Frac(1,3) + f 2 + f   I always get:  *Error: f+Frac(1,3) -> 0.8333333333333333 but should -> 5/6 *Error: f+2 -> 2.5 but should -> 5/2 *Error: Frac(1,3)+f -> 0.8333333333333333 but should -> 5/6 *Error: 2+f -> 2.5 but should -> 5/2   Are there any methods that can convert the result from a float to a fraction? Thank you so much.

Let's say we have 0.33, we need to output 1/3.  If we have 0.4, we need to output 2/5.  The idea is to make it human-readable to make the user understand "x parts out of y" as a better way of understanding data.  I know that percentages is a good substitute but I was wondering if there was a simple way to do this?


Similar to  question I would like to add a dot after the section-numbers in my table of content. However I am using the article class for which the solution mentioned in the link does not work. Is there a workaround for this scenario?

My problem is that there exists an overlap between the symbol to introduce and the section title; it is manifest with two \heartsuits  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tocloft} \usepackage{lipsum} %\contentslabel{3em}   \renewcommand\tableofcontents{% \section*{\contentsname\@mkboth{}{}}% \thispagestyle{empty}% %\small% \@starttoc{toc}% \thispagestyle{empty}% \clearpage% } \makeatother    \makeatletter \renewcommand{\@dotsep}{2} %%\renewcommand{\cftdot}{\ensuremath{\ast}} \renewcommand{\cftpnumalign}{r} %\renewcommand{\cftsecpresnum}{SOMETHING } \renewcommand{\cftsecfont}{\bfseries} \renewcommand{\cftsecleader}{\bfseries\cftdotfill{\cftsecdotsep}} \renewcommand{\cftsecpagefont}{\bfseries} %\renewcommand{\cftsecpresnum}{SOMETHING } \renewcommand{\cftsecaftersnum}{$\heartsuit$}     \renewcommand{\cftsecaftersnumb}{$\heartsuit$}     %\renewcommand{\cftsecaftersnumb}{\\} %   \newlength{\mylen} % a "scratch" length %   \settowidth{\mylen}{\bfseries\cftsecpresnum\cftsecaftersnum} % extra space %   \addtolength{\cftsecnumwidth}{\mylen} % add the extra space     %\makeatother   \begin{document} \tableofcontents  \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11] \section{1}\lipsum[4-11]  \end{document}   The modifying commands come straight from the manual of tocloft.  My goal is to have {the section number}\heartsuit{the section title} with no space in-between the characters.  I think the solution is to make the section numbers ragged on the right, just like all the page numbers are. The package does not seem to offer a manner to control the box controlling the section number. Is this possible with titletoc? (its readme is very succinct and I do not understand half of what is written)  EDITion:  @Werner: I have a snag with the code. I want to use the same pattern for the subsections and subsubsections as the one of the sections. So I use  \renewcommand{\cftsecaftersnum}{$\bullet$} %\renewcommand{\cftsecnumwidth}{2em}  \renewcommand{\cftsubsecaftersnum}{$\bullet$} %\renewcommand{\cftsubsecnumwidth}{0em}  \renewcommand{\cftsubsubsecaftersnum}{$\bullet$} \renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{\makebox[\@tempdima][r]{\@cftbsnum #1\@cftasnum}\@cftasnumb}    but the beginnings of the subsections and subsubsections is not adequate: (I use roman numbers for my sections and sub(sub)sections) Ideally, the number subsection (and subsubsection) must be aglin with the first letter of the sections it belongs to  so  II$\bullet$Title            II.1$\bullet$subtitle                         II.1.1$\bullet$subtitle   But it is not the case with the above code.


If we delete the comma between "large" and "cat-like",does it make a difference?

If I had the phrase       two blond haired, blue eyed people    would the comma be out of place?    should I hyphenate "blond haired" and "blue eyed"?


Today I have replaced my chain with a kmc z8s. The rear cassette is Shimano acera 8 speed , and is not worn yet , so everything is OK with the cassette. But the problem is that the chain doesn't fit the cassette properly ,when I apply more power on the pedals the  chain starts sliding over the cassette (The lenght of the chain is OK too). What is the solution of this problem ?

I have an old cruising bike with 21 gears. A few months ago I was pedalling back home when my chain broke, and I was only able to get the chain replaced this week. After having it replaced I noticed it was 'skipping' and the problem seems to be more severe in certain gears. Now, the teeth are a 'bit' worn out (particularly in the middle gear at the front), and the 'skipping' didn't happen with the old chain (makes sense as the old one probably stretched a lot). Any idea what could be causing this?


There is a little problem I face while parsing a public dump of StackOverflow data published  for . Thing is, that I am unable to programmatically digest the 18G postshistory.xml file.   So far, I have tried three different XML libraries in order to get through the whole thing.   The standard Java 6 and Java 7 XMLStreamReader parsers fail with invalid character at... exception:  javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException: ParseError at [row,col]:[1050673,5451] Message: Character reference "&#  at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLStreamReaderImpl.next(XMLStreamReaderImpl.java:592) at com.softwaretrajectory.msr.stack.data.PrintFields.main(PrintFields.java:64)  The VTDXml library, using VTDGenHuge:  VTDGenHuge vtdGen = new VTDGenHuge(); vtdGen.parseFile(fileLocation, false, VTDGenHuge.MEM_MAPPED);   this fails to finish, parseFile returns false, no exception thrown.   If I "insist" and continue with parsing anyway, it fails later for both methods:  when using AutoPilotHuge iterating over "row" elements, and when using VTDNavHuge for moving the cursor. Using Perl and XML::Twig with "processing an XML document chunk by chunk" approach - this one fails throwing similar exception and dumping core:  reference to invalid character number at line 1050673, column 5445, byte 778177792 at /usr/lib/perl5/XML/Parser.pm line 187    Yes, I tried to remove this particular row from the XML, it fails on the another one, and so on... Moreover, I would like to keep these rows.  Taking in account my lack of experience with XML processing, and considerable amounts of time I am spending every time learning one of the "new way of doing it", I wonder, is there a known to work solution for this problem?

We got the April 2011 data dump from Stack Overflow and, while trying to put everything into a database, we got      SyntaxError: reference to invalid character number: line 1105549, column 5445   in the middle of the posthistory.xml file. It seems that there are sets of characters (&#xC I believe) within a few posthistory entries which break our XML parser.  Is there a solution besides manually changing all the C's?


Let $A:\mathbb{R}^m \to \mathbb{R}^n$ be a linear transformation. We know that  there is a unique transformation $A^*:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^m$ such that  $$\langle Ax,y\rangle = \langle x,A^*y \rangle, \forall x \in \mathbb{R}^m,y\in \mathbb{R}^n.$$ And we know also that the matrix of $A^*$ is $A^t$. Having this, prove that the equation $$Ax=b$$ has a solution if, and only if, $b$ is orthogonal to all of the vectors $y \in \operatorname{ker}A^*.$ Note that this is precisely $$\operatorname{Im} A = (\operatorname{ker} A^*)^\perp.$$ To show that $\operatorname{Im}A \subset (\operatorname{ker}A^*)^\perp$ is easy. If $b \in \operatorname{Im}A$ then $\exists x\in \mathbb{R}^m$ such that $Ax=b$. Then, if $y$ is any vector in $\operatorname{ker}A^*$, we have $$\langle b,y\rangle = \langle Ax,y\rangle$$ $$=\langle x,A^*y\rangle$$ $$=\langle x,0\rangle=0$$ and, therefore, $b \in (\operatorname{ker}A^*)^\perp$, i.e. $$\operatorname{Im}A \subset (\operatorname{ker}A^*)^\perp.$$ Now, how to show that, conversely, if $b \in (\operatorname{ker}A^*)^\perp$ then $b \in \operatorname{Im}A$?? Need some help... Sorry for duplicates... (I couldn't find this question over here...)

If $A$ is a $n\times m$ matrix, is the formula $(\text{ker }A)^\perp=\text{im }A^T$ necessarily true?  I'm thinking that rank-nullity would be the simplest and easiest way to prove this, but would applying the definition of linear independence to the components of $(A^T)$ be more illustrative? I'm a bit hung up on this "necessity" issue, and not sure if it has a particular logical meaning in linear algebra.


Recently I attended a workshop on probability, I was asked the following question but I did not find a way to solve it. A discussion on this question can help to learn something new.  We were told that, We are guests in a game show and close to win a great fortune. The quiz master asks us to choose one of three (closed) doors. She explains that behind one of them awaits you a million Euros. Once you fixed your choice the quiz mastress opens one of the other doors and shows you that this was only a goat. She gives you a final chance: you may either retain your door or switch to the remaining closed one.     (i) Say door 3 is opened. How can we Calculate the conditional probability that our door is the winning one given that the door 3 is a fail, and its complement.      (ii) How to Calculate the unconditional probability that our door is the winning one, and its complement.   Thank you in advance.

From Wikipedia :     Suppose you're on a game show, and   you're given the choice of three   doors: Behind one door is a car;   behind the others, goats. You pick a   door, say No. 1, and the host, who   knows what's behind the doors, opens   another door, say No. 3, which has a   goat. He then says to you, "Do you   want to pick door No. 2?" Is it to   your advantage to switch your choice?   The answer is, of course, yes - but it's incredibly un-inituitive. What misunderstanding do most people have about probability that leads to us scratching our heads -- or better put; what general rule can we take away from this puzzle to better train our intuition in the future?


I was mainly thinking about musical artists whose songs have style that is very recognizable as an "artists name" song or as a specific genres song. Not a super pressing question but just something that I am curious about.

Suppose that  (1990) is considered appalling, but you can't put your finger on exactly why, mainly because there are a plethora of reasons, most of which you lack the training/education/expertise to comment in-depth on (e.g. the writing, directing, editing etc.), so you use what you consider to be a disastrous moment/scene as an example, and think "this pretty much sums it up", for example , what would you call a scene like that? A single word or expression is satisfactory.  As an example:     "The Godfather 3 is so bad, for so many reasons, but here is a ______ that perfectly represents everything wrong with the movie."   An expression is also acceptable, and the example I gave is flexible (doesn't have to be structured as it is in the example).


I noticed that when I create a button with type=button (on an example login button) to script it with JavaScript without refreshing the page, then I can't press Enter to move forward.  Is there a workaround?

Well I am trying to submit a form by pressing enter but not displaying a submit button. I don't want to get into JavaScript if possible since I want everything to work on all browsers (the only JS way I know is with events).  Right now the form looks like this:  <form name="loginBox" target="#here" method="post">     <input name="username" type="text" /><br />     <input name="password" type="password" />     <input type="submit" style="height: 0px; width: 0px; border: none; padding: 0px;" hidefocus="true" /> </form>   Which works pretty well. The submit button works when the user presses enter, and the button doesn't show in Firefox, IE, Safari, Opera and Chrome. However, I still don't like the solution since it is hard to know whether it will work on all platforms with all browsers.  Can anyone suggest a better method? Or is this about as good as it gets?


I'm guessing $\{ a + b\sqrt{2} \ : \ a, b \in \mathbb{Z} \}$ is dense in $\mathbb{R}$. I'm having a mental block. How do you show that?  (This is motivated by a different hypothesis: if $f$ is continuous with two periods $T_1$, $T_2$, then $f$ is constant if $T_1/T_2$ is not rational.)

I am having trouble proving the statement:     Let $$S = \{m + n\sqrt 2 : m, n \in\mathbb Z\}$$ Prove that for every $\epsilon > 0$, the intersection of $S$ and $(0, \epsilon)$ is nonempty.


In the flag history a flag on a comment links to the original question - not the comment that was flagged.  I think that the flag history should clearly indicate that the flag was on a comment. Now it looks like I've flagged a perfectly valid question as rude or offensive, while it was a comment that was inappropriate.

In the flag summary page, we see now all kinds of flags we submitted including comment flags that until recently were not visible in the summary except for raw number on the side. That's all good.  However, each item still show only either "asked" or "answered" with the question/answer author. For comment flag it can be rather confusing as it appears we flagged the post which is not  true. Example:        I flagged a comment posted , not the question itself.  I suggest something like this instead:        Where "foo" is the comment author.


Using the 'Beamer'-documentclass, I have included several figures on different slides. I want all of these figures to be located at the same spot. Of course they differ in size, but I want them to start at the same top-line. For some reason the [t] - specification of the figure-environment doesn't seem to do the job. I am using both .tikz-figures and .png and .jpg - figures. Possibly the .png and .jpg - figures have some white background colour which is also filling the top of the figures ( I hope you know what I am talking about). But the difference shouldn't be that big.   \begin{frame}{Characteristics} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \input{pic/input_output} \caption{characteristics.} \end{figure} \end{frame}  \begin{frame}{Intermodulation} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \includegraphics[width=100mm]{pic/intermodulation.jpg} \caption{Intermodulation.} \end{figure} \end{frame}

When I create beamer frame, the content is centred in the slide. How do I make the content move to the top of the slide by default?


I was reading about CPU fetch time, where I found that CPUs take much less time to access data from RAM as compared to accessing a hard disk, and that RAM is present for storing the information and data of executing program.  Then I wondered about what will happen when we only use a hard disk but no RAM?

Is there an OS which can be used without RAM, specifically the kind I can create a bootable pendrive from and use it in the computer?  This gets awkward, since booting is essentially loading OS in RAM.  Note: I originally wanted to know about a RAM-less OS to check if my laptop (which does not boot but presents a blank screen) RAM had gone bad, but I like the way this question has snowballed.


Few months before when I was using Ubuntu 12.04 then I found some errors while starting my computer.   Due to this problem I had given my CPU to a shop to repair it I don't know what he has done to my CPU but I only know that finally I got my CPU with Ubuntu 13.04.   The technician was unable to make any partition and I also think that he had installed 13.04 over 12.04 and so now my computer is showing some error when I'm starting my computer the error is as follows:     error: attempt to read or write outside of the disk 'hd0'.      grub rescue > _   Before showing this error, few times my computer was working very slow.  So kindly someone tell me that is there any way by which I can start my computer.  Please also tell me that what things I have to keep in mind while using Ubuntu so that in future I find no difficulties(errors) while using Ubuntu.

I tried to install Xubuntu 13.10 on an older computer. I noticed some difficulties during installation that may be relevant to my problems. Notably:   The screen resolution was extremely low. The windows were much larger than the screen and I had to move them around to get to the "Next" button. The mouse cursor was a blur of colours that was flashing all the time.   The installation finished and I tried to reboot the computer. Immediately I got:  error: attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0'.  Entering rescue mode...  grub rescue>   I made a  USB disk, booted it and chose the default repair. The application told me that the problem is repaired and that If this does not solve my problem I should show  to someone who can help me.  What should I do next? I already tried to install Ubuntu and Xubuntu, both with no success.  EDIT:  I found a workaround.   Insert the Xubuntu live USB Select "try Xubuntu" In the settings menu select "install Xubuntu"   This fixed the problem for me. Since it is solved I cannot test the answer.


I'm new to Ubuntu, and I'm trying to install it alongside Windows 10, but the installer shows other partitions not the C: drive.  C is 100GB containing windows 10 and there are 60Gbytes left but I can't choose it. I believe it's /dev/sda2.  What should I choose to keep Windows and all the data and install Ubuntu on the C drive?

What's the difference between installing Linux alongside Windows and installing it on a separate partition?  I already have data on Windows and other partitions that I don't want to lose.


I have rEFInd installed on the EFI partition of my 2015 MacBook Air. Every time I update macOS, it ends up taking over the bootloader and resetting it to using the macOS operating system. Afterwards, if I hold the option key while booting up my mac, there is no boot option for rEFInd that I can select. The only way I can bring rEFInd back is to boot up into recovery mode, manually mount my system partition with Disk Utility (as it is encrypted using FileVault), then open Terminal and reinstall rEFInd. It's quite a hassle.  Is there any better way to handle macOS updates?  I have read the section of the rEFInd manual named "Recovering from a Coup Using MacOS" but I didn't find any information in there that was pertinent to my situation. Note that I cannot disable System Integrity Protection (which one of the solutions there requires) as I need to keep it enabled for the software development I do on this system.  Below is the output from the command diskutil list disk0.  /dev/disk0 (internal, physical):    #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER    0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *121.3 GB   disk0    1:                        EFI EFI                     209.7 MB   disk0s1    2:                 Apple_APFS Container disk1         121.1 GB   disk0s2   I have Windows, Linux, and macOS 10.15 beta installed to an external drive, so my MacBook's internal drive just has macOS.

I use a macbook pro 2015 with macOS High Sierra. I installed windows 10 using bootcamp, which resized the macOS partition and created a 80GB windows partition. The machine boots into windows just fine.  Unfortunately I can't go back to macOS because the macOS partition is not selectable as a boot source in bootcamp and "boot into X" boots into windows again. When I start from recovery (ctrl+R) I can see both partitions in diskutil. I tried to repair the macOS partiton but it had no effect.  How can i resurrect the macOS partion so I can choose which OS to start?  Update: I can start macOS by booting with option/alt pressed and chose the mac partition.  diskutil list output:  Capsicum:~$ diskutil list /dev/disk0 (internal, physical):    #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER    0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *251.0 GB   disk0    1:                        EFI EFI                     209.7 MB   disk0s1    2:                 Apple_APFS Container disk1         170.0 GB   disk0s2    3:       Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP                80.3 GB    disk0s3    4:           Windows Recovery                         503.3 MB   disk0s4  /dev/disk1 (synthesized):    #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER    0:      APFS Container Scheme -                      +170.0 GB   disk1                                  Physical Store disk0s2    1:                APFS Volume Macintosh HD            101.3 GB   disk1s1    2:                APFS Volume Preboot                 20.2 MB    disk1s2    3:                APFS Volume Recovery                506.6 MB   disk1s3    4:                APFS Volume VM                      2.1 GB     disk1s4  /dev/disk2 (external, physical):    #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER    0:     FDisk_partition_scheme                        *2.0 TB     disk2    1:                  Apple_HFS Passport                2.0 TB     disk2s1   thanks a lot for any clarification what is wrong!


Squared loss for linear regression corresponds to a MLE of a Gaussian model, and cross entropy loss corresponds to MLE of a logistic model with discrete probabilities.      Can zero-one loss be justified by MLE of any probability model? Why or why not?    That's the main question.  also has to do with intuition for zero-one loss, but doesn't have anything to do with MLE.  but also I'd like to state some things I believe are true about zero-one loss, and please correct me if I'm wrong:   MAP is Bayes optimal for zero-one loss  Logistic regression models probabilities directly, and classifies to the largest, but its parameters are optimized based on maximum likelihood (leading to cross-entropy) rather than optimizing zero-one loss directly The performance of logistic regression could be improved by using zero-one loss, or you could ditch logistic regression entirely and use frequency tables to approximate $P(\text{class} | X)$, though both of these options are entirely intractable

My notes are rather light when it comes to this topic. I understand that the bayesian estimator, defined as (for sample space $\hat{x}$):  $E[\Theta | \hat{x}] = \int_{ \forall \Theta}yf_{\theta|\hat{x}}(y|\hat{x})dy $ (ie. the mean of the posterior distribution).  You can then look at loss functions where the form of the loss function determines that of $\theta^{'}$ (the estimator of $\theta$). By setting the loss function as a quadratic, absolute error or zero-one you get $\theta^{'}$ as the mean of the posterior, the median of the posterior and the mode of the posterior respectively.   The first two proofs make sense to me but it is the 3rd that I am not sure about. This is my understanding:  $E[l] = \int l(\theta^{'}, \theta)f(\theta|\hat{x})d\theta = \int (\theta^{'} - \theta)f(\theta|\hat{x})d\theta $  If $\theta^{'} = \theta \Rightarrow E[l] = 0$  If $\theta^{'} \neq \theta \Rightarrow \int (\theta^{'} - \theta)f(\theta|\hat{x})d\theta = 1 $ (as integrating over whole domain of $\theta$).  This proof obviously isn't rigorous, (and it could be incorrect too). What I can't see regardless is how this can be regarded as the 'mode' of the posterior distribution.   Thanks in advance!


A man is sitting on a boat which is floating in a pond. If the man drinks some water from the pond, What happens to the level of water?   According to me, the level of the water in the pond should decrease. However, when I tried to perform it on a mini scale (I really did not have any means to get the correct answer) by putting a spoonful of water in the toy boat instead of a man drinking water (well, I hope both the actions are equivalent), I found that the level of water remains same. How?  Related: but doesn't answer my question .

This comes from a brain teaser but I'm not sure I can solve it:     You are in a rowing boat on a lake. A large heavy rock is also in the boat. You heave the rock overboard. It sinks to the bottom of the lake. What happens to the water level in the lake? Does it rise, fall or stay the same?   I'd say that the water level drops, because when you drop the stone in the lake, the water level rises according to the volume of the stone, BUT the water level decreases by a volume of water weighting the stone's weight, when you take it off the boat.  Is that correct?


I used this command line  sudo snap install pwgen-tyhicks   to install pwgen but I can't findout how to use it. So I want to uninstall it. How to  uninstall it?

Completely confused with this new feature snap. I know this might be detailed question-answer but I need to know some info regarding it.   I have read that new application format, snap which can be installed by default in the latest long-term support release alongside traditional deb packages. So, Does it mean are there packages with .snap extension like .deb? Then, How to install?   The user can use newer versions of apps on older versions of Ubuntu without forsaking the stability of your entire system.  Is this the only difference between deb and snap? Does it only exist to LTS version or for non-LTS too?   With this, it is also said that Creating snaps is simplified for developers with the introduction of a new tool called “snapcraft” to easily build and package applications from source and existing deb packages. Is it useful to desktop user or only for developers ?


When referring to a line or lines in/from (?) a text with numbered lines, is it    "the idea expressed in line 25 is such and such"; "in line 25, the word 'lisp' is a clear indication that…"  or "the idea expressed on line 25 is such and such"; "on line 25, the word 'lisp' is a clear indication that…"  ?

The result of a Google search for "error" and "PREP line" is:  "error" "on line": 439,000,000 results "error" "in line": 60.600.000 results "error" "at line": 35,800,000 results  While on is the indisputable number one, in and at have also very many hits. In the following context, which one should I use.  __ the first line you create an instance of XXX and XXX leads to the runtime error __ the last line.  I think, both prepositions are different. Although the word create refers to the action which is executed while runtime, the former part refers to the actual code that is written. In contrast, the latter part is figurative. I don't refer to the written code. The error does not really occur in the code but the code is the representation of the assembly which fails. Thus, I have two bests guess:  On the first line you create an instance of XXX and XXX leads to the runtime error at the last line. In the first line you create an instance of XXX and XXX leads to the runtime error on the last line.


I have two bitmaps which are being drawn onto a canvas using a matrix   canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, matrix, paint);   first to work out if I need to check for a collision i am using eucilidean vectors as such  //vector between the bitmaps float vx = bitmap2.x - bitmap1.x; float vy = bitmap2.x - bitmap1.x;  //magnitude of the vector between the two bitmaps float m = Math.sqrt( (vx*vx)+(vy*vy) );  if( m < bitmap1.getDiagonalWidth() + bitmap1.getDiagonalWidth()) {      //pixel perfect collision detection required }   Firstly, is this the best way to approach this part of the collision detection?  Secondly once I have found that a collision is possible, do I need to do anything before throwing the bitmaps into a method that runs pixel perfect collision detection? basically, is the issue complicated because of the rotation of the images?  edit* it is possible that the bitmaps will also be scaled by the matrix. i would imagine that this will complicate things further.

Does anyone have any ideas how to go about achieving rotational pixel-perfect collision detection with Bitmaps in Android? Or in general for that matter? I have pixel arrays currently but I don't know how to manipulate them based on an arbitrary number of degrees.


I was having some trouble with 2d lists in Python due to a line of code I wrote: size_x = 8 size_y = 8 board = [[0]*size_y]*size_x  The output looked fine:  [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]  However, after much confusion, I came to the conclusion that each row was identical, in that they shared the same memory address. Sure enough, a check with id(board[0]) == id(board[1]) == ... === id(board[n]) proved it. All is well now. I've changed my line to board = [[0]*size_y for row in range(size_x)]  and all rows are now unique. (I think it's a little ugly, would appreciate cleaner suggestions, if any.) I'm just curious, why does this happen, and where can I read up on why this happens? I spent what I would consider an inordinate amount of time debugging due to a hiccup like this. I love Python, and I want to... well, get better avoiding situations like this. Sorry if this is a duplicate of another post and I don't know it, and thank you for any help you can offer. Cheers!

I needed to create a list of lists in Python, so I typed the following: my_list = [[1] * 4] * 3  The list looked like this: [[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]    Then I changed one of the innermost values: my_list[0][0] = 5  Now my list looks like this: [[5, 1, 1, 1], [5, 1, 1, 1], [5, 1, 1, 1]]    which is not what I wanted or expected. Can someone please explain what's going on, and how to get around it?


In Game of Thrones season 5 episode 10 Mother's Mercy, the watchmen at Castle Black lure Jon Snow outside and lead him to a sign with the word traitor painted on it where a group of mutineers are waiting, and they stab him repeatedly in the abdomen. These mutineers are enraged at Snow's orders to allow the wildlings through the wall.  If they're so opposed to his plan to allow the wildlings through the wall, why didn't they simply refuse to open the gate for him when he returned to the wall with the wildlings? They could have prevented the outcome they opposed rather than merely taking revenge on Jon Snow after it was already too late to stop the wildlings from crossing.

At the end of season 5, Mother's Mercy. Jon Snow is killed by a group of Night's Watch "rebels" or group of Night's Watch that didn't agree with Snow's decision of bringing Wildlings in the Black Castle.   What I do not understand is the reason they killed Snow and their timing as well. If they had an issue with wildlings they shouldn't have lifted the door to let them in as we see in Hardhome, I thought that will be the most important scene of season 5 because for a moment it seemed as if Ser Alliser Thorne is not going to permit Wildlings to enter. But we see Wildlings peacefully enter Black Castle. If they had a grudge against Wildlings they shouldn't have let them enter in the first place. But once they have entered, what is the reason to kill Jon Snow, knowing that he is the Lord Commander and an expert swordsman and considering the fact that they are on brink of war with White Walkers, it doesn't make much sense.   It seems as if Jon Snow's murder was not only because of Wildings but because of Ser Alliser Thorne's grudge with Snow as well. If I missed something kindly explain.


In attempting this question of showing $\oint \overline{f(z)}f'(z) \,dz$ is purely imaginary, I first considered $\oint f(z)f'(z) \,dz$ which must be zero since $\frac{1}{2}f(x)^2$ is the anti-derivative, and the integral is over a closed curve. Then I thought maybe I'd be able to write $\overline{f(z)}f'(z)$ in terms of $f$ and $f'$ so I may use $\oint f(z)f'(z) \,dz=0$ but I am not sure how this works. Another approach I had is to write $f(z)=\rho(z)e^{i\theta(z)}$, then write the integral as $$\oint \overline{f(z)}f'(z) \,dz=\oint\rho(z)\rho'(z) \,dz + i\oint \rho(z)^2\ \theta'(z) \, dz =i\oint \rho(z)^2\ \theta'(z) \, dz$$ but I don't know if the last integral is real making the right-side imaginary. Does this logic even make sense?

Prove that if $f(z)$ is analytic and $f'(z)$ is continuous on a closed curve $\gamma$, then $\int_\gamma\overline{f(z)}f'(z)dz$ is purely imaginary.  I'm not so sure where to start. Maybe parametrize $z$ by $z(t)$, so that the integral becomes $\int_a^b\overline{f(z(t))}f'(z(t))z'(t)dt$. Why will this be purely imaginary?


The device I want to install Nexus onto is the Onda VI10 tablet.  I found some Nexus factory images , and I would like to install them. Is this possible?

I am used to install and remove various operating systems in my PCs, even having several at a time.  Usually, to install a new OS means:   Burn the ISO to a CD/DVD/USB. Insert it. Boot. (Maybe you have to tweak a bit the BIOS first).   The only difference between PCs is its CPU architecture: x86, x86_64, arm, etc. Depending on that, you have to download one ISO or another. But I never have to worry about which graphic card, mouse, keyboard, screen, network card, etc. it has. The install wizard automatically detects that and installs the corresponding drivers. Sometimes, if they are not bundled, the installer also downloads them. Anyway, the key point here is that the ISO is always the same.  Now, many mobile OS come out: Ubuntu, Tizen, Firefox OS, the omnipresent Android, and why not any Linux ARM distro out there!. Sadly I have a random chinese mobile, that surely will never get official support in any platform, and I will never be able to test them.  But... Are not today's phones just tiny ARM PCs? Why is installation that different? Why do I always need to have a precompiled monolithic ROM specific for my phone model? Why not just a single "ISO" per OS for any phone that detects and installs automatically the needed drivers, just like always has been in the PC market?  Note: I understand the problem with privative drivers, but I remember Debian asking me for those when there were no libre alternatives at installation, and I could install them then or later. I suppose that workaround could be used in those cases too. Correct me if I'm wrong.


I'm trying to get variable d value from function b in function e, but the result not value from function b. The result just from variable outside the function b.  var d = "maybe"; var a = 1;  function b() {     if (a == 1) {         var d = "yes";     } else {         var d = "no";     } } b();  function e() { console.log(d); //output maybe } e();   How do I get the result to be the value from function b, or equal to "yes"?

What is the scope of variables in javascript? Do they have the same scope inside as opposed to outside a function? Or does it even matter? Also, where are the variables stored if they are defined globally?


I have a 12V 7Ah battery can I directly connect it to my device having rating 12v 1A? Will my device extract 2.25 amp current as it is betterys initial current or it will only extract 1 amp current. If yes will it damage my device

Power supplies are available in a wide range of voltage and current ratings.  If I have a device that has specific voltage and current ratings, how do those relate to the power ratings I need to specify?  What if I don't know the device's specs, but am replacing a previous power supply with particular ratings?  Is it OK to go lower voltage, or should it always be higher?  What about current?  I don't want a 10 A supply to damage my 1 A device.


This question might seem absurd and illogical to many. But it just popped out in my mind while I was reading about magnetism.   -Like in case of charges, positive and negative charge on an atom means absence and presence of extra electrons respectively. So my question is what aspect exactly makes a pole of magnet north or south? Is it absence or presence of something?  -I asked my teacher about this and he simply replied that north pole is something which attracts south pole. But this is more of a property to me rather than an exact meaning of what exactly is north pole of a magnet.

I was testing out objects with magnets and I didn't understand what made the north pole different from the south pole. I thought the poles were made of different materials, but I realized it wasn't. Can someone tell me what factors differentiate the north from the south?


For example, A encrypts a message.  B encrypts that.  C encrypts that.  Then B decrypts, followed by A then C.  Are there systems that allow this? Does such a property have a name?

With most encryption methods, if a message is encrypted first using key $k_1$ and then using $k_2$, to decrypt it you have to use first $k_2$ and then $k_1$.  I was wondering if there are any encryption methods that can be decrypted using the keys in any order. For example, if a message is encrypted using the keys $k_1$, $k_2$ and $k_3$, in this order, then it could be decrypted in the order of $k_2$, $k_3$, $k_1$ or in any other order, as long as all 3 keys are used.   Simple XORing the keys and the message is possible (where the key space is the same as the message space) but if multiple messages are encrypted, it is not secure.  So my question is: Is there an encryption method where the order of decryption is irrelevant to encryption, but which is also secure with multiple messages? The size of the keys doesn't matter.


I am having an issues with my ~/.xsession-errors file filling up my entire drive (128G) in a couple of days. Infact, once it was in a few hours. I run this machine as a server, so it runs for days with out reboot.  I have read some solutions about how to remove the file via cron, or redirect it to /dev/null. My concern though is that my home is on a SSD and I don't want to waste the drive i/o with a bunch of writes I don't want.  How can I prevent it from writing?? Also, if anyone could explain what this file is, and why it has so many errors, I would appreciate it. Does it have to do with my remote sessions vnc/ssh.  UPDATE: It seems to go up in size every time I remote VNC in using "Desktop Sharing".

Is there any way to completely disable the .xsession-errors file?  I have it as a symlink to /tmp so that my laptop hard disk can (hopefully) go to sleep for once, but at least 95% of the stuff in the file (it fills up at about 500k an hour) is...  (nautilus:1618): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed  which is total garbage to me.  I have tried doing a symlink to /dev/null but that does not work (the resulting link is overwritten), and I also do not want the activity so that hopefully my laptop can go to sleep for once.  I am using Ubuntu 11.04, with no special add-ons to Nautilus.


I'm a totally newbie within linux (programs - how to navigate through folders and so on - and commands as well - ...) - but I think linux is very interesting as well.  I have now made a virtually machine with Oracle and have success with my HP printer.  I have tried to find out how to play DVD which are encrypted (I think). Without success I have tried to use 'libdvdread4.2.0' because my thought was that this might be a possible missing.  But honestly - I don't know how to start downloading the right free software for decrypting DVDs in Ubuntu Linux - and to make the install of the software. And I dont know how to search for the right software.  So I will be really glad if someone can help the totally newbie.  My system is Ubuntu "12.04.2 Alternate 64bit Danish".

My machine can't play encrypted DVDs on a fresh install.  How do I add this capability?  Another useful bit of information would be what programs are best for playing DVDs, once I'm able to do so.  See the .  Will I be able to play DVD movies from ?


I want to get the name of the variable in a list with the index. For example:   a = 1   b = 2 list = [a, b] print(list[0])   and the output is 1 Is there a way to get "a" as a String instead of 1?  Also, the above code is just an example. I am coding in pygame, so the actual type of values of the variables in the list is Surface, not int.  Thank you for helping

I have enum and use the variables like myEnum.SomeNameA, myEnum.SomeNameB, etc.  When I return one of these variables from a function, can I print their names (such as myEnum.SomeNameA) instead of the value they returned?


If $ZF$ is consistent, then since there is a model of $ZF+\mathrm{cf}(\omega_{1})=\omega_{0}$, $ZF\not\vdash\mathrm{cf}(\omega_{1})=\omega_{1}$, and since $ZFC$ is consistent, $ZF\not\vdash\mathrm{cf}(\omega_{1})\not=\omega_{1}$. Can it be proved in $ZF$ that there is an uncountable regular cardinal unless $ZF$ is not consistent?

Set theory (Jech) $\text{p.}\;27:$     It is an open problem whether one can prove without the axiom of choice that there exists a regular uncountable $\aleph_{\alpha}\;($the informed guess is that one cannot$)$.   My question is on the remark in brackets, in particular the use of the word informed: could someone briefly expand on the reasons for believing that this is likely to be impossible?


HNQ regularly causes problems for smaller sites, and can potentially display NSFW topics on any site (as seen in today's challenge with IPS questions showing up on other sites)  As there are questions on IPS (and Parenting and other sites) that are appropriate on their own site but potentially trouble when they pop up in the SO sidebar at work my feature request is possibly less trouble than the  - can we offer the option for the HNQ list to open minimised, or possibly even be disabled on a per user basis? It would save me a lot of time and effort on small sites I moderate, protecting posts from the influx of people less familiar with site scope.

While the hot network questions list can be entertaining, there are a few situations in which it harms the experience of using SE sites, especially when you use SE sites at work.  I know that variations of this have been asked before, but I think the way the SE network changed in the meantime does merit a new discussion about this. We have far more sites that are more entertainment than professional now, and the mix of entertainment and professional topics makes the HNQ list problematic in some cases.  There are a few situations I can think of where the presence of the HNQ list has a negative effect:   the appearance of pretty much random questions about all kinds of topic can be a bit annoying in a work setting. The other people looking at your screen might not see that you're only trying to solve a programming issue, when there is some inappropriate content in the sidebar. it exposes you to spoilers or information about recent TV series, movies, books, etc. While titles are usually written to avoid major spoilers, this is not always the case, and it's still at least a distraction. in any case, the hot network questions are a distraction. It's pretty much their purpose, but sometimes I don't want to be distracted.   I know this can be solved by a user script, but that is not a real solution and has several drawbacks. It's seriously annoying when you use multiple devices, it only solves the problem for a tiny amount of users. User scripts are a workaround, not a solution.  We don't have any control over the HNQ list, especially on work computers where the workarounds can be disallowed. We can choose which SE site to visit, but the HNQ list is always there, mixing professional and unprofessional content.   What I'd propose is to make the HNQ sidebar collapsible, and remember the collapsed state for the user session (or forever for that user). A single click would collapse the list to only the title, and a second one would expand it again to the full list. This would make it easy to hide the HNQ list for a short time, e.g. mondays when Game of Thrones is running, or essentially permanently as well, if you simply don't care about them at all.


My MacBook Air 2017 13" has run out of memory. I restarted my computer, opened ONE safari page(stackexchange.com) and got these results. (macOS Catalina version 10.15.2) Any recommendations? Thanks!

I have a 27'' iMac (Late 2012, OS X 10.9.2) with 8GB RAM. The usage of memory is always above 7GB, even though I don't think I am running that much stuff. This leads to the occasional hanging of a program and occasional feeling of the computer being lagged.  The heaviest thing I am running is a Parallels virtualization of a defunct Windows laptop (for my Windows-only programs; work-related). Then I mostly surf with Chrome (10-20 tabs, some with youtube videos). Of course I have other things opened, like Mail, Evernote and a few more. But I don't think a 8GB RAM computer should be overwhelmed by that. I could be wrong.  I am willing to provide an export of processes from the Activity Monitor. I tried looking into it, of course, and I am running A LOT of small processes (unknown to me) -- system stuff I presume. I am a long-time PC user and I know my way around process management in PCs, but not on Mac.  What do you think? Do I just need more RAM or it doesn't feel like it?  Regards,


Which one is correct?  This is what I want to put in my application for a Russian visa.

I want to know what the matter is with her.  I want to know what's the matter with her. I want to know what's her problem.   Is "I want to know what's the matter with her" and 'what's the matter'  incorrect as Cambridge dictionary suggests (). In their explanation it is suggested that the word 'matter' be replaced with 'problem' as is written in the 3rd example.    Thanks for whatever help you can provide on this.  I've read Rathony's link and agree that his link answered the question about inversion. Now my question is specifically about the correctness of using this wording and if it is correct is there a rule in its usage.