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<h1 class="relative group"><a id="deepspeed-for-hpus" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#deepspeed-for-hpus"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>DeepSpeed for HPUs
	</span></h1>

<p><a href="https://www.deepspeed.ai/" rel="nofollow">DeepSpeed</a> enables you to fit and train larger models on HPUs thanks to various optimizations.
In particular, you can use the two following ZeRO configurations that have been validated to be fully functioning with Gaudi:</p>
<ul><li>ZeRO-1, which partitions the optimizer states across processes.</li>
<li>ZeRO-2, which additionnally partitions the gradients across processes so that each process retains only the gradients corresponding to its portion of the optimizer states.</li></ul>
<p>These configurations are fully compatible with Habana Mixed Precision and can thus be used to train your model in <em>bf16</em> precision.</p>
<p>You can find more information about DeepSpeed Gaudi integration <a href="https://docs.habana.ai/en/latest/PyTorch/DeepSpeed/DeepSpeed_User_Guide.html" rel="nofollow">here</a>.</p>
<h1 class="relative group"><a id="setup" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#setup"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Setup
	</span></h1>

<p>In order to use DeepSpeed on Gaudi, you need to install Optimum Habana and Habana’s DeepSpeed fork with:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->pip install optimum[habana]
pip install git+https://github.com/HabanaAI/DeepSpeed.git@1.6.1<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<h1 class="relative group"><a id="using-deepspeed-with-optimum-habana" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#using-deepspeed-with-optimum-habana"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Using DeepSpeed with Optimum Habana
	</span></h1>

<p>The <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/optimum/habana/package_reference/trainer" rel="nofollow"><code>GaudiTrainer</code></a> allows to use DeepSpeed as easily as the <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/trainer" rel="nofollow">Transformers Trainer</a>.
This can be done in 3 steps:</p>
<ol><li>A DeepSpeed configuration has to be defined.</li>
<li>The <code>deepspeed</code> training argument enables to specify the path to the DeepSpeed configuration.</li>
<li>The <code>deepspeed</code> launcher must be used to run your script.</li></ol>
<p>These steps are detailed below.
A comprehensive guide about how to use DeepSpeed with the Transformers Trainer is also available <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/deepspeed" rel="nofollow">here</a>.</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="deepspeed-configuration" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#deepspeed-configuration"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>DeepSpeed configuration
	</span></h2>

<p>The DeepSpeed configuration to use is passed through a JSON file and enables you to choose the optimizations to apply.
Here is an example for applying ZeRO-2 optimizations and <em>bf16</em> precision:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;steps_per_print&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">64</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;train_batch_size&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;auto&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;train_micro_batch_size_per_gpu&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;auto&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;gradient_accumulation_steps&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;auto&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;bf16&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;enabled&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;gradient_clipping&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;zero_optimization&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;stage&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;overlap_comm&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;reduce_scatter&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;contiguous_gradients&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>
    <span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>
<span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>The special value <code>&quot;auto&quot;</code> enables to automatically get the correct or most efficient value.
You can also specify the values yourself but, if you do so, you should be careful to not have conficting values with your training arguments.
It is strongly advised to read <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/deepspeed#shared-configuration" rel="nofollow">this section</a> in the Transformers documentation to completely understand how this works.</p></div>
<p>Other examples of configurations for HPUs are proposed <a href="https://github.com/HabanaAI/Model-References/tree/1.6.1/PyTorch/nlp/pretraining/deepspeed-bert" rel="nofollow">here</a> by Habana.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/deepspeed#configuration" rel="nofollow">Transformers documentation</a> explains how to write a configuration from scratch very well.
A more complete description of all configuration possibilities is available <a href="https://www.deepspeed.ai/docs/config-json/" rel="nofollow">here</a>.</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="the-deepspeed-training-argument" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#the-deepspeed-training-argument"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>The <code>deepspeed</code> training argument
	</span></h2>

<p>In order to use DeepSpeed, you must specify <code>deespeed=path_to_my_deepspeed_configuration</code> in your <code>GaudiTrainingArguments</code> instance:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->training_args = GaudiTrainingArguments(
    <span class="hljs-comment"># my usual training arguments...</span>
    use_habana=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
    use_lazy_mode=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
    gaudi_config_name=path_to_my_gaudi_config,
    deepspeed=path_to_my_deepspeed_config,
)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>This argument both indicates that DeepSpeed should be used and points to your DeepSpeed configuration.</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="launching-your-script" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#launching-your-script"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Launching your script
	</span></h2>

<p>Finally, there are two possible ways to launch your script:</p>
<ol><li>Using the <a href="https://github.com/huggingface/optimum-habana/blob/main/examples/gaudi_spawn.py" rel="nofollow">gaudi_spawn.py</a> script:</li></ol>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->python gaudi_spawn.py \
    --world_size number_of_hpu_you_have --use_deepspeed \
    path_to_script.py --args1 --args2 ... --argsN \
    --deepspeed path_to_deepspeed_config<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>where <code>--argX</code> is an argument of the script to run with DeepSpeed.</p>
<ol start="2"><li>Using the <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/optimum/habana/package_reference/distributed_runner" rel="nofollow"><code>DistributedRunner</code></a> directly in code:</li></ol>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> optimum.habana.distributed <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> DistributedRunner
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> optimum.utils <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> logging

world_size=<span class="hljs-number">8</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># Number of HPUs to use (1 or 8)</span>

<span class="hljs-comment"># define distributed runner</span>
distributed_runner = DistributedRunner(
    command_list=[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;scripts/train.py --args1 --args2 ... --argsN --deepspeed path_to_deepspeed_config&quot;</span>],
    world_size=world_size,
    use_deepspeed=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
    multi_hls=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>,
)

<span class="hljs-comment"># start job</span>
ret_code = distributed_runner.run()<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>


<div class="course-tip course-tip-orange bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-orange-500 dark:before:border-orange-800 from-orange-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-orange-50 text-orange-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>You should set <code>&quot;use_fused_adam&quot;: false</code> in your Gaudi configuration because it is not compatible with DeepSpeed yet.</p></div>


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