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<h1 class="relative group"><a id="transformadores-qu-pueden-hacer" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#transformadores-qu-pueden-hacer"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Transformadores, ¿qué pueden hacer?
	</span></h1>



<div class="flex space-x-1 absolute z-10 right-0 top-0"><a href="https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/chapter-1-questions" target="_blank"><img alt="Ask a Question" class="!m-0" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Ask%20a%20question-ffcb4c.svg?logo=data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"></a>
	<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/master/course/es/chapter1/section3.ipynb" target="_blank"><img alt="Open In Colab" class="!m-0" src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg"></a>
	<a href="https://studiolab.sagemaker.aws/import/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/master/course/es/chapter1/section3.ipynb" target="_blank"><img alt="Open In Studio Lab" class="!m-0" src="https://studiolab.sagemaker.aws/studiolab.svg"></a></div>
<p>En esta sección, veremos qué pueden hacer los Transformadores y usaremos nuestra primera herramienta de la librería 🤗 Transformers: la función <code>pipeline()</code>.</p>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>👀 Ves el botón <em>Open in Colab</em> en la parte superior derecha? Haz clic en él para abrir un cuaderno de Google Colab con todos los ejemplos de código de esta sección. Este botón aparecerá en cualquier sección que tenga ejemplos de código.</p>
<p>Si quieres ejecutar los ejemplos localmente, te recomendamos revisar la <a href="/course/chapter0">configuración</a>.</p></div>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="los-transformadores-estn-en-todas-partes" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#los-transformadores-estn-en-todas-partes"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>¡Los Transformadores están en todas partes!
	</span></h2>

<p>Los Transformadores se usan para resolver todo tipo de tareas de PLN, como las mencionadas en la sección anterior. Aquí te mostramos algunas de las compañías y organizaciones que usan Hugging Face y Transformadores, que también contribuyen de vuelta a la comunidad al compartir sus modelos:</p>
<img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface-course/documentation-images/resolve/main/en/chapter1/companies.PNG" alt="Companies using Hugging Face" width="100%">
<p>La <a href="https://github.com/huggingface/transformers" rel="nofollow">librería 🤗 Transformers</a> provee la funcionalidad de crear y usar estos modelos compartidos. El <a href="https://huggingface.co/models" rel="nofollow">Hub de Modelos</a> contiene miles de modelos preentrenados que cualquiera puede descargar y usar. ¡Tú también puedes subir tus propios modelos al Hub!</p>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>⚠️ El Hub de Hugging Face no se limita a Transformadores. ¡Cualquiera puede compartir los tipos de modelos o conjuntos de datos que quiera! ¡<a href="https://huggingface.co/join">Crea una cuenta de huggingface.co</a> para beneficiarte de todas las funciones disponibles!</p></div>
<p>Antes de ver cómo funcionan internamente los Transformadores, veamos un par de ejemplos sobre cómo pueden ser usados para resolver tareas de PLN. </p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="trabajando-con-pipelines" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#trabajando-con-pipelines"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Trabajando con pipelines
	</span></h2>

<iframe class="w-full xl:w-4/6 h-80" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/tiZFewofSLM" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<p>El objeto más básico en la librería 🤗 Transformers es la función <code>pipeline()</code>. Esta función conecta un modelo con los pasos necesarios para su preprocesamiento y posprocesamiento, permitiéndonos introducir de manera directa cualquier texto y obtener una respuesta inteligible:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pipeline

classifier = pipeline(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;sentiment-analysis&quot;</span>)
classifier(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;I&#x27;ve been waiting for a HuggingFace course my whole life.&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;label&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;POSITIVE&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;score&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0.9598047137260437</span>}]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>¡Incluso podemos pasar varias oraciones!</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->classifier(
    [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;I&#x27;ve been waiting for a HuggingFace course my whole life.&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I hate this so much!&quot;</span>]
)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;label&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;POSITIVE&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;score&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0.9598047137260437</span>},
 {<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;label&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;NEGATIVE&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;score&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0.9994558095932007</span>}]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Por defecto, este pipeline selecciona un modelo particular preentrenado que ha sido ajustado para el análisis de sentimientos en Inglés. El modelo se descarga y se almacena en el caché cuando creas el objeto <code>classifier</code>. Si vuelves a ejecutar el comando, se usará el modelo almacenado en caché y no habrá necesidad de descargarlo de nuevo.</p>
<p>Hay tres pasos principales que ocurren cuando pasas un texto a un pipeline:</p>
<ol><li>El texto es preprocesado en un formato que el modelo puede entender.</li>
<li>La entrada preprocesada se pasa al modelo.</li>
<li>Las predicciones del modelo son posprocesadas, de tal manera que las puedas entender.</li></ol>
<p>Algunos de los <a href="https://huggingface.co/transformers/main_classes/pipelines.html" rel="nofollow">pipelines disponibles</a> son:</p>
<ul><li><code>feature-extraction</code> (obtener la representación vectorial de un texto)</li>
<li><code>fill-mask</code></li>
<li><code>ner</code> (reconocimiento de entidades nombradas)</li>
<li><code>question-answering</code></li>
<li><code>sentiment-analysis</code></li>
<li><code>summarization</code></li>
<li><code>text-generation</code></li>
<li><code>translation</code></li>
<li><code>zero-shot-classification</code></li></ul>
<p>¡Veamos algunas de ellas!</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="clasificacin-zeroshot" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#clasificacin-zeroshot"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Clasificación *zero-shot*
	</span></h2>

<p>Empezaremos abordando una tarea más compleja, en la que necesitamos clasificar textos que no han sido etiquetados. Este es un escenario común en proyectos de la vida real porque anotar texto usualmente requiere mucho tiempo y dominio del tema. Para este caso de uso, el pipeline <code>zero-shot-classification</code> es muy poderoso: permite que especifiques qué etiquetas usar para la clasificación, para que no dependas de las etiquetas del modelo preentrenado. Ya viste cómo el modelo puede clasificar una oración como positiva o negativa usando esas dos etiquetas — pero también puede clasificar el texto usando cualquier otro conjunto de etiquetas que definas.</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pipeline

classifier = pipeline(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;zero-shot-classification&quot;</span>)
classifier(
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;This is a course about the Transformers library&quot;</span>,
    candidate_labels=[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;education&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;politics&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;business&quot;</span>],
)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;sequence&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;This is a course about the Transformers library&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;labels&#x27;</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;education&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;business&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;politics&#x27;</span>],
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;scores&#x27;</span>: [<span class="hljs-number">0.8445963859558105</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.111976258456707</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.043427448719739914</span>]}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Este pipeline se llama <em>zero-shot</em> porque no necesitas ajustar el modelo con tus datos para usarlo. ¡Puede devolver directamente puntajes de probabilidad para cualquier lista de de etiquetas que escojas!</p>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>✏️ <strong>¡Pruébalo!</strong> Juega con tus propias secuencias y etiquetas, y observa cómo se comporta el modelo.</p></div>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="generacin-de-texto" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#generacin-de-texto"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Generación de texto
	</span></h2>

<p>Ahora veamos cómo usar un pipeline para generar texto. La idea es que proporciones una indicación (<em>prompt</em>) y el modelo la va a completar automáticamente al generar el texto restante. Esto es parecido a la función de texto predictivo que está presente en muchos teléfonos. La generación de texto involucra aleatóriedad, por lo que es normal que no obtengas el mismo resultado que se muestra abajo.</p>

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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pipeline

generator = pipeline(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;text-generation&quot;</span>)
generator(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;In this course, we will teach you how to&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;generated_text&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;In this course, we will teach you how to understand and use &#x27;</span>
                    <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;data flow and data interchange when handling user data. We &#x27;</span>
                    <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;will be working with one or more of the most commonly used &#x27;</span>
                    <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;data flows — data flows of various types, as seen by the &#x27;</span>
                    <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;HTTP&#x27;</span>}]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Puedes controlar cuántas secuencias diferentes se generan con el argumento <code>num_return_sequences</code> y la longitud total del texto de salida con el argumento <code>max_length</code>.</p>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>✏️ <strong>¡Pruébalo!</strong> Usa los argumentos <code>num_return_sequences</code> y <code>max_length</code> para generar dos oraciones de 15 palabras cada una.</p></div>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="usa-cualquier-modelo-del-hub-en-un-pipeline" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#usa-cualquier-modelo-del-hub-en-un-pipeline"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Usa cualquier modelo del Hub en un pipeline
	</span></h2>

<p>Los ejemplos anteriores usaban el modelo por defecto para cada tarea, pero también puedes escoger un modelo particular del Hub y usarlo en un pipeline para una tarea específica - por ejemplo, la generación de texto. Ve al <a href="https://huggingface.co/models" rel="nofollow">Hub de Modelos</a> y haz clic en la etiqueta correspondiente en la parte izquierda para mostrar únicamente los modelos soportados para esa tarea. Deberías ver una página <a href="https://huggingface.co/models?pipeline_tag=text-generation" rel="nofollow">como esta</a>.</p>
<p>¡Intentemos con el modelo <a href="https://huggingface.co/distilgpt2" rel="nofollow"><code>distilgpt2</code></a>! Puedes cargarlo en el mismo pipeline de la siguiente manera:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pipeline

generator = pipeline(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;text-generation&quot;</span>, model=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;distilgpt2&quot;</span>)
generator(
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;In this course, we will teach you how to&quot;</span>,
    max_length=<span class="hljs-number">30</span>,
    num_return_sequences=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,
)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;generated_text&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;In this course, we will teach you how to manipulate the world and &#x27;</span>
                    <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;move your mental and physical capabilities to your advantage.&#x27;</span>},
 {<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;generated_text&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;In this course, we will teach you how to become an expert and &#x27;</span>
                    <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;practice realtime, and with a hands on experience on both real &#x27;</span>
                    <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;time and real&#x27;</span>}]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Puedes refinar tu búsqueda de un modelo haciendo clic en las etiquetas de idioma y escoger uno que genere textos en otro idioma. El Hub de Modelos también contiene puntos de control (<em>checkpoints</em>) para modelos que soportan múltiples lenguajes.</p>
<p>Una vez has seleccionado un modelo haciendo clic en él, verás que hay un widget que te permite probarlo directamente en línea. De esta manera puedes probar rápidamente las capacidades del modelo antes de descargarlo.</p>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>✏️ <strong>¡Pruébalo!</strong> Usa los filtros para encontrar un modelo de generación de texto para un idioma diferente. ¡Siéntete libre de jugar con el widget y úsalo en un pipeline!</p></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="la-api-de-inferencia" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#la-api-de-inferencia"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>La API de Inferencia
	</span></h3>

<p>Todos los modelos pueden ser probados directamente en tu navegador usando la API de Inferencia, que está disponible en el <a href="https://huggingface.co/" rel="nofollow">sitio web</a> de Hugging Face. Puedes jugar con el modelo directamente en esta página al pasar tu texto personalizado como entrada y ver cómo lo procesa.</p>
<p>La API de Inferencia que hace funcionar al widget también está disponible como un producto pago, algo útil si lo necesitas para tus flujos de trabajo. Dirígete a la <a href="https://huggingface.co/pricing" rel="nofollow">página de precios</a> para más detalles.</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="llenado-de-ocultos-mask-filling" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#llenado-de-ocultos-mask-filling"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Llenado de ocultos (*Mask filling*)
	</span></h2>

<p>El siguiente pipeline con el que vas a trabajar es <code>fill-mask</code>. La idea de esta tarea es llenar los espacios en blanco de un texto dado:</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pipeline

unmasker = pipeline(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;fill-mask&quot;</span>)
unmasker(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;This course will teach you all about &lt;mask&gt; models.&quot;</span>, top_k=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;sequence&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;This course will teach you all about mathematical models.&#x27;</span>,
  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;score&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0.19619831442832947</span>,
  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;token&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">30412</span>,
  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;token_str&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27; mathematical&#x27;</span>},
 {<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;sequence&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;This course will teach you all about computational models.&#x27;</span>,
  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;score&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0.04052725434303284</span>,
  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;token&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">38163</span>,
  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;token_str&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27; computational&#x27;</span>}]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>El argumento <code>top_k</code> controla el número de posibilidades que se van a mostrar. Nota que en este caso el modelo llena la palabra especial <code>&lt;mask&gt;</code>, que se denomina comúnmente como <em>mask token</em>. Otros modelos pueden tener diferentes tokens, por lo que es una buena idea verificar la palabra especial adecuada cuando estés explorando diferentes modelos. Una manera de confirmar es revisar la palabra usada en el widget.</p>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>✏️ <strong>¡Pruébalo!</strong> Busca el modelo <code>bert-base-cased</code> en el Hub e identifica su <em>mask token</em> en el widget de la API de Inferencia. ¿Qué predice este modelo para la oración que está en el ejemplo de <code>pipeline</code> anterior?</p></div>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="reconocimiento-de-entidades-nombradas" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#reconocimiento-de-entidades-nombradas"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Reconocimiento de entidades nombradas
	</span></h2>

<p>El reconocimiento de entidades nombradas (REN) es una tarea en la que el modelo tiene que encontrar cuáles partes del texto introducido corresponden a entidades como personas, ubicaciones u organizaciones. Veamos un ejemplo:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pipeline

ner = pipeline(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;ner&quot;</span>, grouped_entities=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
ner(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;My name is Sylvain and I work at Hugging Face in Brooklyn.&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;entity_group&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;PER&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;score&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0.99816</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;word&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;Sylvain&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;start&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">11</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;end&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">18</span>}, 
 {<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;entity_group&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;ORG&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;score&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0.97960</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;word&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;Hugging Face&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;start&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">33</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;end&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">45</span>}, 
 {<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;entity_group&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;LOC&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;score&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0.99321</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;word&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;Brooklyn&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;start&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">49</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;end&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">57</span>}
]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>En este caso el modelo identificó correctamente que Sylvain es una persona (PER), Hugging Face una organización (ORG) y Brooklyn una ubicación (LOC).</p>
<p>Pasamos la opción <code>grouped_entities=True</code> en la función de creación del pipeline para decirle que agrupe las partes de la oración que corresponden a la misma entidad: Aquí el modelo agrupó correctamente “Hugging” y “Face” como una sola organización, a pesar de que su nombre está compuesto de varias palabras. De hecho, como veremos en el siguente capítulo, el preprocesamiento puede incluso dividir palabras en partes más pequeñas. Por ejemplo, ‘Sylvain’ se separa en cuatro piezas: <code>S</code>, <code>##yl</code>, <code>##va</code> y<code>##in</code>. En el paso de prosprocesamiento, el pipeline reagrupa de manera exitosa dichas piezas.</p>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>✏️ <strong>¡Pruébalo!</strong> Busca en el Model Hub un modelo capaz de hacer etiquetado <em>part-of-speech</em> (que se abrevia usualmente como POS) en Inglés. ¿Qué predice este modelo para la oración en el ejemplo de arriba?</p></div>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="responder-preguntas" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#responder-preguntas"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Responder preguntas
	</span></h2>

<p>El pipeline <code>question-answering</code> responde preguntas usando información de un contexto dado:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pipeline

question_answerer = pipeline(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;question-answering&quot;</span>)
question_answerer(
    question=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Where do I work?&quot;</span>,
    context=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;My name is Sylvain and I work at Hugging Face in Brooklyn&quot;</span>,
)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;score&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0.6385916471481323</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;start&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">33</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;end&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">45</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;answer&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;Hugging Face&#x27;</span>}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Observa que este pipeline funciona extrayendo información del contexto ofrecido; más no genera la respuesta.</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="resumir-summarization" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#resumir-summarization"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Resumir (*Summarization*)
	</span></h2>

<p>Resumir es la tarea de reducir un texto en uno más corto, conservando todos (o la mayor parte de) los aspectos importantes mencionados. Aquí va un ejemplo: </p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pipeline

summarizer = pipeline(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;summarization&quot;</span>)
summarizer(
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
    America has changed dramatically during recent years. Not only has the number of 
    graduates in traditional engineering disciplines such as mechanical, civil, 
    electrical, chemical, and aeronautical engineering declined, but in most of 
    the premier American universities engineering curricula now concentrate on 
    and encourage largely the study of engineering science. As a result, there 
    are declining offerings in engineering subjects dealing with infrastructure, 
    the environment, and related issues, and greater concentration on high 
    technology subjects, largely supporting increasingly complex scientific 
    developments. While the latter is important, it should not be at the expense 
    of more traditional engineering.

    Rapidly developing economies such as China and India, as well as other 
    industrial countries in Europe and Asia, continue to encourage and advance 
    the teaching of engineering. Both China and India, respectively, graduate 
    six and eight times as many traditional engineers as does the United States. 
    Other industrial countries at minimum maintain their output, while America 
    suffers an increasingly serious decline in the number of engineering graduates 
    and a lack of well-educated engineers.
&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;summary_text&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27; America has changed dramatically during recent years . The &#x27;</span>
                  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;number of engineering graduates in the U.S. has declined in &#x27;</span>
                  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;traditional engineering disciplines such as mechanical, civil &#x27;</span>
                  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;, electrical, chemical, and aeronautical engineering . Rapidly &#x27;</span>
                  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;developing economies such as China and India, as well as other &#x27;</span>
                  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;industrial countries in Europe and Asia, continue to encourage &#x27;</span>
                  <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;and advance engineering .&#x27;</span>}]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Similar a la generación de textos, puedes especificar los argumentos <code>max-length</code> o <code>min_length</code> para definir la longitud del resultado.</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="traduccin" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#traduccin"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Traducción
	</span></h2>

<p>Para la traducción, puedes usar el modelo por defecto si indicas una pareja de idiomas en el nombre de la tarea (como <code>&quot;translation_en_to_fr&quot;</code>), pero la forma más sencilla es escoger el modelo que quieres usar en el <a href="https://huggingface.co/models" rel="nofollow">Hub de Modelos</a>. Aquí intentaremos traducir de Francés a Inglés:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pipeline

translator = pipeline(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;translation&quot;</span>, model=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-fr-en&quot;</span>)
translator(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Ce cours est produit par Hugging Face.&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;translation_text&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;This course is produced by Hugging Face.&#x27;</span>}]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Al igual que los pipelines de generación de textos y resumen, puedes especificar una longitud máxima (<code>max_length</code>) o mínima (<code>min_length</code>) para el resultado.</p>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>✏️ <strong>¡Pruébalo!</strong> Busca modelos de traducción en otros idiomas e intenta traducir la oración anterior en varios de ellos.</p></div>
<p>Los pipelines vistos hasta el momento son principalmente para fines demostrativos. Fueron programados para tareas específicas y no pueden desarrollar variaciones de ellas. En el siguiente capítulo, aprenderás qué está detrás de una función <code>pipeline()</code> y cómo personalizar su comportamiento.</p>


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