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			Pytorch
		</a><a class="flex justify-center flex-1 py-1.5 px-2.5 focus:outline-none !no-underline rounded-r text-gray-500 filter grayscale" href="?fw=tf"><svg class="mr-1.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" width="0.94em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 274"><path d="M145.726 42.065v42.07l72.861 42.07v-42.07l-72.86-42.07zM0 84.135v42.07l36.43 21.03V105.17L0 84.135zm109.291 21.035l-36.43 21.034v126.2l36.43 21.035v-84.135l36.435 21.035v-42.07l-36.435-21.034V105.17z" fill="#E55B2D"></path><path d="M145.726 42.065L36.43 105.17v42.065l72.861-42.065v42.065l36.435-21.03v-84.14zM255.022 63.1l-36.435 21.035v42.07l36.435-21.035V63.1zm-72.865 84.135l-36.43 21.035v42.07l36.43-21.036v-42.07zm-36.43 63.104l-36.436-21.035v84.135l36.435-21.035V210.34z" fill="#ED8E24"></path><path d="M145.726 0L0 84.135l36.43 21.035l109.296-63.105l72.861 42.07L255.022 63.1L145.726 0zm0 126.204l-36.435 21.03l36.435 21.036l36.43-21.035l-36.43-21.03z" fill="#F8BF3C"></path></svg>
			TensorFlow
		</a></div>
<h1 class="relative group"><a id="tout-assembler" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#tout-assembler"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Tout assembler
	</span></h1>



<div class="flex space-x-1 absolute z-10 right-0 top-0"><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/master/course/chapter2/section6_pt.ipynb" target="_blank"><img alt="Open In Colab" class="!m-0" src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg"></a>
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<p>Dans les dernières sections, nous avons fait de notre mieux pour effectuer la plupart du travail manuellement. Nous avons exploré le fonctionnement des <em>tokenizers</em> et examiné la tokenisation, la conversion en identifiants d’entrée, le <em>padding</em>, la troncature et les masques d’attention.</p>
<p>Cependant, comme nous l’avons vu dans la section 2, l’API 🤗 <em>Transformers</em> peut gérer tout cela pour nous via une fonction dans laquelle nous allons nous plonger ici. Lorsque vous appelez votre <code>tokenizer</code> directement sur la phrase, vous récupérez des entrées qui sont prêtes à être passées dans votre modèle :</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoTokenizer

checkpoint = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english&quot;</span>
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(checkpoint)

sequence = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I&#x27;ve been waiting for a HuggingFace course my whole life.&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># J&#x27;ai attendu un cours d’HuggingFace toute ma vie.</span>

model_inputs = tokenizer(sequence)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Ici, la variable <code>model_inputs</code> contient tout ce qui est nécessaire au bon fonctionnement d’un modèle. Pour DistilBERT, cela inclut les identifiants d’entrée ainsi que le masque d’attention. D’autres modèles qui acceptent des entrées supplémentaires sont également fournis par l’objet <code>tokenizer</code>.</p>
<p>Comme nous allons le voir dans les quelques exemples ci-dessous, cette méthode est très puissante. Premièrement, elle peut tokeniser une seule séquence :</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->sequence = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I&#x27;ve been waiting for a HuggingFace course my whole life.&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># J&#x27;ai attendu un cours d’HuggingFace toute ma vie.</span>


model_inputs = tokenizer(sequence)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Elle gère également plusieurs séquences à la fois, sans modification de l’API :</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->sequences = [
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I&#x27;ve been waiting for a HuggingFace course my whole life.&quot;</span>,
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;So have I!&quot;</span>,
]  <span class="hljs-comment"># « J&#x27;ai attendu un cours de HuggingFace toute ma vie. », « Moi aussi ! »</span>

model_inputs = tokenizer(sequences)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Il est possible de faire du <em>padding</em> selon plusieurs objectifs :</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-comment"># Remplit les séquences jusqu&#x27;à la longueur maximale de la séquence</span>
model_inputs = tokenizer(sequences, padding=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;longest&quot;</span>)

<span class="hljs-comment"># Remplit les séquences jusqu&#x27;à la longueur maximale du modèle (512 pour BERT ou DistilBERT)</span>
model_inputs = tokenizer(sequences, padding=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;max_length&quot;</span>)

<span class="hljs-comment"># Remplit les séquences jusqu&#x27;à la longueur maximale spécifiée</span>
model_inputs = tokenizer(sequences, padding=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;max_length&quot;</span>, max_length=<span class="hljs-number">8</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>La fonction peut également tronquer les séquences :</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->sequences = [
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I&#x27;ve been waiting for a HuggingFace course my whole life.&quot;</span>,
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;So have I!&quot;</span>,
]  <span class="hljs-comment"># « J&#x27;ai attendu un cours de HuggingFace toute ma vie. », « Moi aussi ! »</span>

<span class="hljs-comment"># Tronque les séquences qui sont plus longues que la longueur maximale du modèle</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># (512 pour BERT ou DistilBERT)</span>
model_inputs = tokenizer(sequences, truncation=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)

<span class="hljs-comment"># Tronque les séquences qui sont plus longues que la longueur maximale spécifiée</span>
model_inputs = tokenizer(sequences, max_length=<span class="hljs-number">8</span>, truncation=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>L’objet <code>tokenizer</code> peut gérer la conversion en des tenseurs de <em>frameworks</em> spécifiques. Ils peuvent ensuite être directement envoyés au modèle. Par exemple, dans le code suivant, nous demandons au <em>tokenizer</em> de retourner des tenseurs PyTorch lorsque l’on spécifie <code>&quot;pt&quot;</code>, de retourner des tenseurs TensorFlow lorsque l’on spécifie <code>&quot;tf&quot;</code> et des tableaux NumPy lorsque l’on indique <code>&quot;np&quot;</code> :</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->sequences = [
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I&#x27;ve been waiting for a HuggingFace course my whole life.&quot;</span>,
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;So have I!&quot;</span>,
]  <span class="hljs-comment"># « J&#x27;ai attendu un cours de HuggingFace toute ma vie. », « Moi aussi ! »</span>

<span class="hljs-comment"># Retourne des tenseurs PyTorch</span>
model_inputs = tokenizer(sequences, padding=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pt&quot;</span>)

<span class="hljs-comment"># Retourne des tenseurs TensorFlow</span>
model_inputs = tokenizer(sequences, padding=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;tf&quot;</span>)

<span class="hljs-comment"># Retourne des tableaux NumPy</span>
model_inputs = tokenizer(sequences, padding=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;np&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="jetons-spciaux" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#jetons-spciaux"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Jetons spéciaux
	</span></h2>

<p>Si nous jetons un coup d’œil aux identifiants d’entrée renvoyés par le <em>tokenizer</em>, nous verrons qu’ils sont un peu différents de ceux que nous avions précédemment :</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->sequence = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I&#x27;ve been waiting for a HuggingFace course my whole life.&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># « J&#x27;ai attendu un cours de HuggingFace toute ma vie. »</span>

model_inputs = tokenizer(sequence)
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(model_inputs[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;input_ids&quot;</span>])

tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(sequence)
ids = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(tokens)
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(ids)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1045</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1005</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2310</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2042</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3403</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2005</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1037</span>, <span class="hljs-number">17662</span>, <span class="hljs-number">12172</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2607</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2026</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2878</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2166</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1012</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>]
[<span class="hljs-number">1045</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1005</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2310</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2042</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3403</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2005</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1037</span>, <span class="hljs-number">17662</span>, <span class="hljs-number">12172</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2607</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2026</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2878</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2166</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1012</span>]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Un identifiant symbolique a été ajouté au début ainsi qu’un autre à la fin. Décodons les deux séquences d’identifiants ci-dessus pour voir de quoi il s’agit :</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(tokenizer.decode(model_inputs[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;input_ids&quot;</span>]))
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(tokenizer.decode(ids))<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-string">&quot;[CLS] i&#x27;ve been waiting for a huggingface course my whole life. [SEP]&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-string">&quot;i&#x27;ve been waiting for a huggingface course my whole life.&quot;</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Le <em>tokenizer</em> a ajouté le mot spécial <code>[CLS]</code> au début et le mot spécial <code>[SEP]</code> à la fin. C’est parce que le modèle a été pré-entraîné avec ces mots, donc pour obtenir les mêmes résultats pour l’inférence, nous devons également les ajouter. Notez que certains modèles n’ajoutent pas de mots spéciaux, ou en ajoutent des différents. Les modèles peuvent aussi ajouter ces mots spéciaux seulement au début, ou seulement à la fin. Dans tous les cas, le <em>tokenizer</em> sait lesquels sont attendus et s’en occupe pour vous.</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="conclusion-du-itokenizeri-au-modle" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#conclusion-du-itokenizeri-au-modle"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Conclusion : du <i>tokenizer</i> au modèle
	</span></h2>

<p>Maintenant que nous avons vu toutes les étapes individuelles que l’objet <code>tokenizer</code> utilise lorsqu’il est appliqué sur des textes, voyons une dernière fois comment il peut gérer plusieurs séquences (<em>padding</em>), de très longues séquences (<em>troncation</em>) et plusieurs types de tenseurs avec son API principale :</p>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> torch
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification

checkpoint = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english&quot;</span>
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
sequences = [
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I&#x27;ve been waiting for a HuggingFace course my whole life.&quot;</span>,
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;So have I!&quot;</span>,
]  <span class="hljs-comment"># « J&#x27;ai attendu un cours de HuggingFace toute ma vie. », « Moi aussi ! »</span>


tokens = tokenizer(sequences, padding=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, truncation=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pt&quot;</span>)
output = model(**tokens)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>


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