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<div class="bg-white leading-none border border-gray-100 rounded-lg flex p-0.5 w-56 text-sm mb-4"><a class="flex justify-center flex-1 py-1.5 px-2.5 focus:outline-none !no-underline rounded-l bg-red-50 dark:bg-transparent text-red-600" href="?fw=pt"><svg class="mr-1.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><defs><clipPath id="a"><rect x="3.05" y="0.5" width="25.73" height="31" fill="none"></rect></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#a)"><path d="M24.94,9.51a12.81,12.81,0,0,1,0,18.16,12.68,12.68,0,0,1-18,0,12.81,12.81,0,0,1,0-18.16l9-9V5l-.84.83-6,6a9.58,9.58,0,1,0,13.55,0ZM20.44,9a1.68,1.68,0,1,1,1.67-1.67A1.68,1.68,0,0,1,20.44,9Z" fill="#ee4c2c"></path></g></svg>
			Pytorch
		</a><a class="flex justify-center flex-1 py-1.5 px-2.5 focus:outline-none !no-underline rounded-r text-gray-500 filter grayscale" href="?fw=tf"><svg class="mr-1.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" width="0.94em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 274"><path d="M145.726 42.065v42.07l72.861 42.07v-42.07l-72.86-42.07zM0 84.135v42.07l36.43 21.03V105.17L0 84.135zm109.291 21.035l-36.43 21.034v126.2l36.43 21.035v-84.135l36.435 21.035v-42.07l-36.435-21.034V105.17z" fill="#E55B2D"></path><path d="M145.726 42.065L36.43 105.17v42.065l72.861-42.065v42.065l36.435-21.03v-84.14zM255.022 63.1l-36.435 21.035v42.07l36.435-21.035V63.1zm-72.865 84.135l-36.43 21.035v42.07l36.43-21.036v-42.07zm-36.43 63.104l-36.436-21.035v84.135l36.435-21.035V210.34z" fill="#ED8E24"></path><path d="M145.726 0L0 84.135l36.43 21.035l109.296-63.105l72.861 42.07L255.022 63.1L145.726 0zm0 126.204l-36.435 21.03l36.435 21.036l36.43-21.035l-36.43-21.03z" fill="#F8BF3C"></path></svg>
			TensorFlow
		</a></div>

<h1 class="relative group"><a id="quiz-de-fin-de-chapitre" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#quiz-de-fin-de-chapitre"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Quiz de fin de chapitre
	</span></h1>

<h3 class="relative group"><a id="1.-quel-est-l’ordre-du-pipeline-de-modélisation-du-langage-?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#1.-quel-est-l’ordre-du-pipeline-de-modélisation-du-langage-?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>1. Quel est l’ordre du pipeline de modélisation du langage ?
	</span></h3>

<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START --> Tout d'abord, le modèle, qui traite le texte et renvoie des prédictions brutes. Puis le <i>tokenizer</i> donne un sens à ces prédictions et les reconvertit en texte si nécessaire.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START --> Tout d'abord, le <i>tokenizer</i>, qui traite le texte et renvoie des identifiants. Puis le modèle traite ces identifiants et produit une prédiction, qui peut être du texte.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START --> Le <i>tokenizer</i> traite le texte et renvoie des identifiants. Le modèle traite ces identifiants et produit une prédiction. Le <i>tokenizer</i> peut alors être utilisé à nouveau pour reconvertir ces prédictions en texte.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="2.-combien-de-dimensions-le-tenseur-produit-par-le-<i>transformer</i>-de-base-possède-t-il-et-quelles-sont-elles-?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#2.-combien-de-dimensions-le-tenseur-produit-par-le-<i>transformer</i>-de-base-possède-t-il-et-quelles-sont-elles-?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>2. Combien de dimensions le tenseur produit par le <i>transformer</i> de base possède-t-il et quelles sont-elles ?
	</span></h3>

<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->2: la longueur de la séquence et la taille du batch<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->2: la longueur de la séquence et la taille cachée<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->3: la longueur de la séquence, la taille du batch et la taille cachée.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="3.-lequel-des-éléments-suivants-est-un-exemple-de-tokenisation-en-sous-mots-?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#3.-lequel-des-éléments-suivants-est-un-exemple-de-tokenisation-en-sous-mots-?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>3. Lequel des éléments suivants est un exemple de tokenisation en sous-mots ?
	</span></h3>

<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->WordPiece<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->La tokenization basée sur les caractères<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Découpage sur les espaces et la ponctuation<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="3">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->BPE<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="4">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Unigram<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="5">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Aucune des propositions ci-dessus<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="4.-qu’est-ce-qu’une-tête-de-modèle-?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#4.-qu’est-ce-qu’une-tête-de-modèle-?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>4. Qu’est-ce qu’une tête de modèle ?
	</span></h3>

<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START --> Un composant du <i>transformer</i>  de base qui redirige les tenseurs vers leurs couches correctes.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Également connu sous le nom de mécanisme d'auto-attention, il adapte la représentation d'un <i>token</i>  en fonction des autres <i>tokens</i>  de la séquence.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Un composant supplémentaire, généralement constitué d'une ou plusieurs couches, pour convertir les prédictions du <i>transformer</i>  en une sortie spécifique à la tâche.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="5.-qu’est-ce-qu’un-automodel?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#5.-qu’est-ce-qu’un-automodel?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>5. Qu’est-ce qu’un AutoModel?
	</span></h3>

<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Un modèle qui s'entraîne automatiquement sur vos données<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Un objet qui renvoie la bonne architecture basée sur le <i>checkpoint</i> .<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Un modèle qui détecte automatiquement la langue utilisée pour ses entrées afin de charger les bonnes pondérations.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="6.-quelles-sont-les-techniques-à-connaître-lors-de-la-mise-en-batch-de-séquences-de-longueurs-différentes-?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#6.-quelles-sont-les-techniques-à-connaître-lors-de-la-mise-en-batch-de-séquences-de-longueurs-différentes-?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>6. Quelles sont les techniques à connaître lors de la mise en batch de séquences de longueurs différentes ?
	</span></h3>

<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->La troncature<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Retourner les tenseurs<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Le <i>padding</i><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="3">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Les masques d'attention <!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="7.-quel-est-l’intérêt-d’appliquer-une-fonction-softmax-aux-logits-produits-par-un-modèle-de-classification-de-séquences-?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#7.-quel-est-l’intérêt-d’appliquer-une-fonction-softmax-aux-logits-produits-par-un-modèle-de-classification-de-séquences-?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>7. Quel est l’intérêt d’appliquer une fonction SoftMax aux logits produits par un modèle de classification de séquences ?
	</span></h3>

<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Elle adoucit les logits pour qu'ils soient plus fiables.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Elle applique une limite inférieure et supérieure pour qu'ils soient compréhensibles.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->La somme totale des sorties est alors égale à 1, ce qui permet une interprétation probabiliste.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="8.-autour-de-quelle-méthode-s’articule-la-majeure-partie-de-l’api-<i>tokenizer</i>-?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#8.-autour-de-quelle-méthode-s’articule-la-majeure-partie-de-l’api-<i>tokenizer</i>-?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>8. Autour de quelle méthode s’articule la majeure partie de l’API <i>tokenizer</i> ?
	</span></h3>

<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START --><code>encode</code>, car elle peut encoder du texte en identifiants et des identifiants en prédictions.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Appeler directement l'objet tokenizer<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START --><code>pad</code><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="3">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START --><code>tokenize</code><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="9.-que-contient-la-variable-<code>result</code>-dans-cet-exemple-de-code-?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#9.-que-contient-la-variable-<code>result</code>-dans-cet-exemple-de-code-?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>9. Que contient la variable <code>result</code> dans cet exemple de code ?
	</span></h3>


	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoTokenizer

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;bert-base-cased&quot;</span>)
result = tokenizer.tokenize(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Hello!&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Une liste de chaînes de caractères, chaque chaîne étant un <i>token</i>.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Une liste d'identifiants<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Une chaîne contenant tous les <i>tokens</i><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="10.-y-a-t-il-un-problème-avec-le-code-suivant-?" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#10.-y-a-t-il-un-problème-avec-le-code-suivant-?"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>10. Y a-t-il un problème avec le code suivant ?
	</span></h3>


	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
	<div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div>
	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoTokenizer, AutoModel

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;bert-base-cased&quot;</span>)
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;gpt2&quot;</span>)

encoded = tokenizer(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Hey!&quot;</span>, return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pt&quot;</span>)
result = model(**encoded)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<div><form><label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="0">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Non, ça semble correct.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="1">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START --> Le <i>tokenizer</i> et le modèle doivent toujours provenir du même <i>checkpoint</i>.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			<label class="block"><input autocomplete="off" class="form-input -mt-1.5 mr-2" name="choice" type="checkbox" value="2">
				<!-- HTML_TAG_START --> C'est une bonne pratique de faire du <i>padding</i> et de troncage avec le <i>tokenizer</i> car chaque entrée est un batch.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></label>
			
		<div class="flex flex-row items-center mt-3"><button class="btn px-4 mr-4" type="submit" disabled>Submit </button>

			</div></form></div>


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