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<h1 id="">강의 소개</h1>
<p>Hugging Face 강의에 오신 여러분들 환영합니다! 이번 강의 소개에서는 작업 환경 설정에 대해 안내드리겠습니다. 방금 막 이번 과정을 시작하셨다면 먼저 <a href="/course/chapter1">Chapter 1</a> 내용을 살펴보고 돌아오신 뒤, 환경을 설정하여 코드를 직접 실행해보시길 추천드립니다.</p>
<p>이번 과정에서 사용할 모든 라이브러리는 파이썬 패키지를 통해 사용할 수 있으므로 여기서는 파이썬 환경 설정 방법 및 필요한 라이브러리 설치 방법을 보여드리겠습니다.</p>
<p>작업 환경 설정 방법으로 Colab 노트북을 이용한 방법과 파이썬 가상 환경을 이용한 방법, 두 가지를 다룰 것이고 둘 중 더 마음이 가는 방식을 자유롭게 선택하셔도 됩니다. 입문자의 경우 Colab 노트북을 이용하시길 강력하게 추천합니다.</p>
<p>여기서 Windows 환경에 대해서는 다루지 않기 때문에 Windows에서 실행 중이시면 Colab 노트북을 이용해 아래 과정을 따라가 주시길 권장드립니다. Linux 혹은 macOS를 실행 중이시라면 어떤 방식을 택해도 무방합니다.</p>
<p>대부분의 강의는 여러분이 Hugging Face 계정이 있다는 것을 전제로 하기 때문에 지금 바로 계정을 생성하시길 추천드립니다: <a href="https://huggingface.co/join" rel="nofollow">계정 생성하기</a></p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="google-colab" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#google-colab"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Google Colab 노트북 사용하기
	</span></h2>

<p>Colab 노트북은 가장 쉬운 설정 방식입니다. 브라우저에 Colab 노트북을 켜고 바로 코딩을 시작하시면 됩니다!</p>
<p>Colab에 익숙하지 않으시다면 <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/intro.ipynb" rel="nofollow">introduction</a> 링크를 따라 시작하시길 권장드립니다. Colab에서는 GPU, TPU와 같은 가속 하드웨어를 사용할 수 있으며 적은 양의 워크로드에 대해서는 무료입니다.</p>
<p>Colab과 친숙해 지셨다면 새로운 노트북을 생성하여 아래와 같이 시작합니다:</p>
<div class="flex justify-center"><img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface-course/documentation-images/resolve/main/en/chapter0/new_colab.png" alt="An empty colab notebook" width="80%"></div>
<p>다음으로, 이번 강의에서 사용할 라이브러리를 설치합니다. 설치에는 파이썬 패키지 관리자인 <code>pip</code> 를 사용하도록 하겠습니다. 노트북 파일에서는 시스템 명령어 앞에 <code>!</code> 를 붙여 실행시킬 수 있으므로, 아래와 같이 🤗 Transformers 라이브러리를 설치할 수 있습니다:</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->!pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> transformers<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>이제 파이썬 런타임에 패키지를 가져와 패키지가 제대로 설치되었는지 확인해보겠습니다:</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> transformers<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<div class="flex justify-center"><img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface-course/documentation-images/resolve/main/en/chapter0/install.gif" alt="A gif showing the result of the two commands above: installation and import" width="80%"></div>
<p>위의 방식으로는 아주 가벼운 버전의 🤗 Transformers가 설치되고, 이는 PyTorch나 TensorFlow와 같은 특정 기계학습 프레임워크를 포함하지 않습니다. 하지만 본 강의에서는 이 라이브러리의 아주 다양한 기능들을 사용할 예정이므로, 아래의 명령어를 통해 대부분의 예제에 필요한 종속성(dependency)을 제공하는 개발 버전을 설치하시길 바랍니다:</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->!pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> transformers[sentencepiece]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>설치에 시간이 조금 걸리지만 곧 강의를 위한 준비가 모두 끝납니다!</p>
<h2 id="">파이썬 가상 환경 사용하기</h2>
<p>파이썬 가상 환경 사용을 원하신다면 먼저 파이썬을 설치해야 합니다. 이 <a href="https://realpython.com/installing-python/" rel="nofollow">가이드</a>를 따라 설치를 진행하실 수 있습니다.</p>
<p>파이썬 설치가 완료되면 터미널에서 파이썬 명령어를 실행할 수 있습니다. 다음 단계로 넘어가기 전에, 다음과 같은 명령어를 실행하여 설치가 잘 되었는지 확인하세요: <code>python --version</code>. 이 때 시스템에 사용할 수 있는 파이썬 버전을 출력되어야 합니다.</p>
<p>터미널에서 <code>python --version</code> 과 같은 파이썬 명령어를 실행하면, 명령어를 실행하는 프로그램을 시스템의 “메인(main)” 파이썬으로 생각해야 합니다. 이 메인 파이썬은 어떤 패키지도 설치하지 않은 상태로 유지하면서, 작업 중인 각 어플리케이션마다 별도의 환경을 생성하여 이용하는 것을 권장합니다. 이렇게 하면, 각 어플리케이션은 각각의 의존성 및 패키지를 갖게 되어 다른 어플리케이션과의 잠재적 호환성 문제를 피할 수 있습니다.</p>
<p>파이썬에서 이는 <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html" rel="nofollow"><em>가상 환경</em></a>을 통해 완수됩니다. 가상 환경은 자체 포함 디렉토리 트리로, 각 트리는 어플리케이션에게 필요한 모든 패키지와 함께 특정 파이썬 버전에 대한 파이썬 설치를 포함합니다. 이러한 가상 환경을 생성하는 방법은 여러 툴을 통해 할 수 있지만, 여기서는 공식 파이썬 패키지인 <code>[venv](https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html#module-venv)</code> 를 통해 생성해 보겠습니다.</p>
<p>먼저, 어플리케이션을 넣어줄 디렉토리를 생성합니다. 예를 들어, 홈 디렉토리의 <em>transformers-course</em>와 같은 이름의 디렉토리를 만들어 봅시다:</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-built_in">mkdir</span> ~/transformers-course
<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ~/transformers-course<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>디렉토리 내부에서, 파이썬 <code>venv</code> 모듈을 사용하여 가상 환경을 생성합니다:</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> -m venv .<span class="hljs-keyword">env</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>원래 아무것도 없던 빈 폴더에 <em>.env</em>라는 디렉토리가 생기게 됩니다:</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-built_in">ls</span> -a<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->.      <span class="hljs-string">..</span>    <span class="hljs-string">.env</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p><code>activate</code> 스크립트를 통해 가상 환경으로 접속할 수 있고, <code>deactivate</code> 를 통해 가상 환경 밖으로 나올 수 있습니다:</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-comment"># Activate the virtual environment</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">source</span> .<span class="hljs-built_in">env</span>/bin/activate

<span class="hljs-comment"># Deactivate the virtual environment</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">source</span> .<span class="hljs-built_in">env</span>/bin/deactivate<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>환경이 제대로 활성화 되었는지 <code>which python</code> 명령어를 실행하여 확인해 봅시다. 아래와 같이 가상 환경을 보여준다면 제대로 활성화가 것입니다!</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-built_in">which</span> python<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-regexp">/home/</span>&lt;user&gt;<span class="hljs-regexp">/transformers-course/</span>.env<span class="hljs-regexp">/bin/</span>python<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<h3 class="relative group"><a id="dependencies" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#dependencies"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>의존성(dependencies) 설치하기
	</span></h3>

<p>Google Colab 사용법에서와 마찬가지로 다음 단계로 넘어가기 위해 패키지를 설치해야 합니다. 여기서도, <code>pip</code> 패키지 관리자를 통해  🤗 Transformers 개발 버전을 설치할 수 있습니다:</p>

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;transformers[sentencepiece]&quot;</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>이제 모든 환경 설정을 마치고 시작할 준비가 되었습니다!</p>


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