<s>[INST] What is the difference between multithreading and multiprocessing in Python? When should I use one over the other? [/INST] In Python, both multithreading and multiprocessing are used to achieve concurrent execution of code, but they work differently and are suited to different use cases.

Multithreading is a way of running multiple threads within a single process. Each thread runs in parallel and has its own thread of execution, but all threads share the same memory space. This makes it easy for threads to communicate and share data, but also means that if one thread crashes, it can take down the whole process. Multithreading is best suited to situations where you want to run multiple tasks that are I/O-bound (e.g., waiting for data from a network or disk) concurrently, since it allows you to take advantage of idle time without using multiple processes.

Multiprocessing, on the other hand, creates separate processes, each with its own memory space. This provides a higher degree of isolation, making it more robust to crashes in one process. However, it also means that inter-process communication can be more difficult and requires more overhead. Multiprocessing is best suited to situations where you want to run multiple CPU-bound tasks concurrently, since it allows you to take full advantage of multiple cores on a machine.

In summary, the key difference between multithreading and multiprocessing in Python is that multithreading allows multiple threads to run within a single process, sharing memory and communicating easily, while multiprocessing creates separate processes, each with its own memory space, allowing for better isolation and more robustness to crashes. You should choose one over the other based on the nature of your task and the type of concurrency you want to achieve.</s>