<s>[INST] Can you explain how solar panels work? Go in depth about their mechanisms of action. [/INST] Solar panels generate electricity by absorbing light from the sun. They do this using the *photovoltaic effect*, converting photons into voltage. This is a reaction whereby voltage is generated in some materials when exposed to light. Photons are absorbed, and an electron is knocked loose into the conductive material, creating a charge. 

Individual solar cells using this effect generate about 0.5 volts of electricity, but are wired together to increase the overall voltage when combined into a larger panel. Multiple panels can then be wired together to increase amperage at the desired voltage.

The current created in this way is a Direct Current, and is often converted to Alternating Current with an Inverter before it is used in homes or other applications.</s>\ <s>[INST] In comparison to other forms of energy how efficient are they? [/INST] 