<s>[INST] In TypeScript, how can I tell the type system "I know that in theory this value may have these multiple types, but in practice I know it will only have this one" [/INST] You can use a type assertion to tell the TypeScript compiler that you know the type of a value better than it does. A type assertion is like a type cast in other languages, but it doesn't actually change the type of the value at runtime. Instead, it tells the compiler to treat the value as if it had the specified type.

Here's an example:

```typescript
let value: string | number = "hello";
let length: number = (value as string).length; // type assertion
```

In this example, `value` is declared as a union type of `string` and `number`. However, we know that in this particular case, `value` is a string. We use a type assertion to tell the compiler that we want to treat `value` as a string, so we can access its `length` property.

Note that you should only use type assertions when you're absolutely sure that the value has the specified type. If you're wrong, you could introduce runtime errors or other bugs into your code.</s>\ <s>[INST] How do I specify a function's type? For example, I want to create an inline function called `listify` that takes as input any type T and returns an array of type T. What would the type of my function be? As in,

```ts
const listify: /* what should go here? */ = <implementation>
```

Please also provide an example implementation of `listify`. You can just repeat the input 10 times in the example. [/INST] 