The five Central American nations of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica declare independence from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" id="mwiQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="First Mexican Empire">First Mexican Empire</a> after being <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_America_under_Mexican_rule" id="mwig" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Central America under Mexican rule">annexed</a> the year prior.<sup about="#mwt59" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9"}}' id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./July_1#cite_note-9" id="mwiw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 9;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwjA">[9]</span></a></sup>
<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-9"><cite about="#mwt56" class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFStanger1932">Stanger, Francis Merriman (February 1932). "National Origins in Central America". <i id="mwCPI">The Hispanic American Historical Review</i>. <b id="mwCPM">12</b> (1). <a href="./Duke_University_Press" id="mwCPQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>: 40–41. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./Doi_(identifier)" id="mwCPU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2506428" id="mwCPY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">10.2307/2506428</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./JSTOR_(identifier)" id="mwCPc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a><span id="mwCPg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2506428" id="mwCPk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">2506428</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt56" class="Z3988" id="mwCPo" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hispanic+American+Historical+Review&amp;rft.atitle=National+Origins+in+Central+America&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=40-41&amp;rft.date=1932-02&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2506428&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2506428%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Stanger&amp;rft.aufirst=Francis+Merriman&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1"></span></span>