<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongdu" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zhongdu">Zhongdu</a> (now Beijing), then under the control of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurchen_people" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a> ruler <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Jin" id="mwGg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Jin">Emperor Xuanzong of Jin</a>, is captured by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongols" id="mwGw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan" id="mwHA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, ending the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Zhongdu" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Zhongdu">Battle of Zhongdu</a>.<sup about="#mwt15" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1"}}' id="cite_ref-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./May_31#cite_note-1" id="mwHg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwHw">[1]</span></a></sup>
<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-1"><cite about="#mwt12" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFHarl2023">Harl, Kenneth W. (2023). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DEtXEAAAQBAJ" id="mwBl0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBl4">Empires of the Steppes: A History of the Nomadic Tribes Who Shaped Civilization</i></a>. Toronto: Hanover Square Press. p.<span id="mwBl8" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>91. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBmE" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9781335429278" id="mwBmI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9781335429278"><bdi id="mwBmM">9781335429278</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt12" class="Z3988" id="mwBmQ" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Empires+of+the+Steppes%3A+A+History+of+the+Nomadic+Tribes+Who+Shaped+Civilization&amp;rft.place=Toronto&amp;rft.pages=91&amp;rft.pub=Hanover+Square+Press&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft.isbn=9781335429278&amp;rft.aulast=Harl&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDEtXEAAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+31"></span></span>