At the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tondibi" id="mwHg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Tondibi">Battle of Tondibi</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali" id="mwHw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco" id="mwIA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> forces of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadi_dynasty" id="mwIQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saadi dynasty">Saadi dynasty</a>, led by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judar_Pasha" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Judar Pasha">Judar Pasha</a>, defeat the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songhai_Empire" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a>, despite being outnumbered by at least five to one.<sup about="#mwt22" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"}}' id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./March_13#cite_note-3" id="mwJA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwJQ">[3]</span></a></sup>
<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"><cite about="#mwt19" class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFKaba1981">Kaba, Lansiné (1981). "Archers, Musketeers, and Mosquitoes: The Moroccan Invasion of the Sudan and the Songhay Resistance (1591-1612)". <i id="mwBvw">The Journal of African History</i>. <b id="mwBv0">22</b> (4): 457–475. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./Doi_(identifier)" id="mwBv4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853700019861" id="mwBv8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">10.1017/S0021853700019861</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISSN_(identifier)" id="mwBwA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a><span id="mwBwE" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8537" id="mwBwI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">0021-8537</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./JSTOR_(identifier)" id="mwBwM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a><span id="mwBwQ" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/181298" id="mwBwU" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">181298</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./PMID_(identifier)" id="mwBwY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a><span id="mwBwc" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11632225" id="mwBwg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">11632225</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./S2CID_(identifier)" id="mwBwk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a><span id="mwBwo" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41500711" id="mwBws" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">41500711</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt19" class="Z3988" id="mwBww" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+African+History&amp;rft.atitle=Archers%2C+Musketeers%2C+and+Mosquitoes%3A+The+Moroccan+Invasion+of+the+Sudan+and+the+Songhay+Resistance+%281591-1612%29&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=457-475&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41500711%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021853700019861&amp;rft.issn=0021-8537&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F181298%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11632225&amp;rft.aulast=Kaba&amp;rft.aufirst=Lansin%C3%A9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+13"></span></span>