The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_dynasty" id="mwNQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty of China</a>, led by Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Taiji" id="mwNg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hong Taiji">Hong Taiji</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_invasion_of_Joseon" id="mwNw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Qing invasion of Joseon">invades</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon" id="mwOA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Joseon">Joseon</a>.<sup about="#mwt35" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"}}' id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_9#cite_note-5" id="mwOQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 5;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwOg">[5]</span></a></sup>
<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"><cite about="#mwt32" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSwope2014">Swope, Kenneth M. (2014). <i id="mwB88">The Military Collapse of China's Ming Dynasty, 1618-44</i>. Routledge. p.<span id="mwB9A" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>115. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB9E" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB9I" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9781138652330" id="mwB9M" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9781138652330"><bdi id="mwB9Q">9781138652330</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt32" class="Z3988" id="mwB9U" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Military+Collapse+of+China%27s+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1618-44&amp;rft.pages=115&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=9781138652330&amp;rft.aulast=Swope&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+9"></span></span>