The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Constitution_of_1961" id="mwAQM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="South African Constitution of 1961">South African Constitution of 1961</a> becomes effective, thus creating the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_South_Africa" id="mwAQQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Republic of South Africa">Republic of South Africa</a>, which remains outside the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" id="mwAQU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> until 1 June 1994, when South Africa is returned to Commonwealth membership.