Saddam Hussein begins the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfal_genocide" id="mwAUM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Anfal genocide">Anfal genocide</a> against Kurds and Assyrians in northern Iraq.<sup about="#mwt75" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13"}}' id="cite_ref-13" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./February_23#cite_note-13" id="mwAUQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 13;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAUU">[13]</span></a></sup>
<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-13"><cite about="#mwt72" class="citation book cs1" id="mwBpE"><a class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal/" id="mwBpI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBpM">Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds</i></a>. Human Rights Watch. July 1993. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBpQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBpU" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/1-56432-108-8" id="mwBpY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/1-56432-108-8"><bdi id="mwBpc">1-56432-108-8</bdi></a>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101019060336/http://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal/" id="mwBpg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwBpk">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwBpo">2020-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt72" class="Z3988" id="mwBps" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Genocide+in+Iraq%3A+The+Anfal+Campaign+Against+the+Kurds&amp;rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft.date=1993-07&amp;rft.isbn=1-56432-108-8&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F1993%2Firaqanfal%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFebruary+23"></span></span>