<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" id="mwMw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication" id="mwNA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Excommunication">excommunicates</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" id="mwNQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" id="mwNg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a> for invading the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" id="mwNw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> after promising to recognize papal control over it.<sup about="#mwt47" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"}}' id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./November_18#cite_note-5" id="mwOA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 5;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwOQ">[5]</span></a></sup>
<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"><cite about="#mwt35" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFKellyWalsh2010">Kelly, J.N.D.; Walsh, Michael J. (2010). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uVmcAQAAQBAJ" id="mwBzI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBzM">A Dictionary of Popes</i></a>. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. p.<span id="mwBzQ" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>188. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBzU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBzY" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780191726811" id="mwBzc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780191726811"><bdi id="mwBzg">9780191726811</bdi></a></cite><span about="#mwt35" class="Z3988" id="mwBzk" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Popes&amp;rft.place=Oxford%2C+U.K.&amp;rft.pages=188&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=9780191726811&amp;rft.aulast=Kelly&amp;rft.aufirst=J.N.D.&amp;rft.au=Walsh%2C+Michael+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuVmcAQAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovember+18"></span>; <link about="#mwt38" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cite book","href":"./Template:Cite_book"},"params":{"last":{"wt":"Barber"},"first":{"wt":"Malcolm"},"title":{"wt":"The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320"},"location":{"wt":"New York"},"publisher":{"wt":"Routeldge"},"date":{"wt":"1992"},"isbn":{"wt":"9780415174145"},"url":{"wt":"https://books.google.com/books?id=-fd59-dhrNQC"},"page":{"wt":"108"},"postscript":{"wt":"none"}},"i":0}}]}' href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403" id="mwBzo" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion"/><cite about="#mwt38" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBarber1992">Barber, Malcolm (1992). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-fd59-dhrNQC" id="mwBzs" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBzw">The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320</i></a>. 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Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. pp.<span id="mwB0Y" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>311–312. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB0c" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB0g" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780199675159" id="mwB0k" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780199675159"><bdi id="mwB0o">9780199675159</bdi></a></cite><span about="#mwt41" class="Z3988" id="mwB0s" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Humanism+and+Empire%3A+The+Imperial+Ideal+in+Fourteenth-Century+Italy&amp;rft.place=Oxford%2C+U.K.&amp;rft.pages=311-312&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=9780199675159&amp;rft.aulast=Lee&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D42lNDwAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovember+18"></span>; <link about="#mwt44" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cite book","href":"./Template:Cite_book"},"params":{"last1":{"wt":"Beck"},"first1":{"wt":"Hans-Georg"},"last2":{"wt":"Fink"},"first2":{"wt":"Karl August"},"last3":{"wt":"Glazik"},"first3":{"wt":"Josef"},"last4":{"wt":"Iserloh"},"first4":{"wt":"Erwing"},"last5":{"wt":"Wolter"},"first5":{"wt":"Hans"},"title":{"wt":"History of the Church. Volume IV"},"translator-last":{"wt":"Biggs"},"translator-first":{"wt":"Anselm"},"editor-last1":{"wt":"Jedin"},"editor-first1":{"wt":"Hubert"},"editor-last2":{"wt":"Dolan"},"editor-first2":{"wt":"John Patrick"},"location":{"wt":"New York"},"publisher":{"wt":"Crossroad"},"date":{"wt":"1980"},"isbn":{"wt":"9780824503147"},"url":{"wt":"https://books.google.com/books?id=BJHYAAAAMAAJ"},"page":{"wt":"145"}},"i":0}}]}' href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403" id="mwB0w" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion"/><cite about="#mwt44" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBeckFinkGlazikIserloh1980">Beck, Hans-Georg; Fink, Karl August; Glazik, Josef; Iserloh, Erwing; Wolter, Hans (1980). Jedin, Hubert; Dolan, John Patrick (eds.). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BJHYAAAAMAAJ" id="mwB00" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB04">History of the Church. Volume IV</i></a>. Translated by Biggs, Anselm. New York: Crossroad. p.<span id="mwB08" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>145. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB1A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB1E" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780824503147" id="mwB1I" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780824503147"><bdi id="mwB1M">9780824503147</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt44" class="Z3988" id="mwB1Q" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+Church.+Volume+IV&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=145&amp;rft.pub=Crossroad&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.isbn=9780824503147&amp;rft.aulast=Beck&amp;rft.aufirst=Hans-Georg&amp;rft.au=Fink%2C+Karl+August&amp;rft.au=Glazik%2C+Josef&amp;rft.au=Iserloh%2C+Erwing&amp;rft.au=Wolter%2C+Hans&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBJHYAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovember+18"></span></span>