The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Clermont" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Council of Clermont">Council of Clermont</a> begins: called by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a>, it led to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Land" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>.<sup about="#mwt28" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"}}' id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./November_18#cite_note-3" id="mwJg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwJw">[3]</span></a></sup>
<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"><cite about="#mwt25" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSteven_Runciman1951">Steven Runciman (1951). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IfY8AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA107" id="mwBxw" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBx0">A History of the Crusades: Volume 1, The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem</i></a>. CUP Archive. p.<span id="mwBx4" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>107. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBx8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwByA" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-0-521-06161-2" id="mwByE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-06161-2"><bdi id="mwByI">978-0-521-06161-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt25" class="Z3988" id="mwByM" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades%3A+Volume+1%2C+The+First+Crusade+and+the+Foundation+of+the+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem&amp;rft.pages=107&amp;rft.pub=CUP+Archive&amp;rft.date=1951&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-06161-2&amp;rft.au=Steven+Runciman&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIfY8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA107&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovember+18"></span></span>