The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_Parliament_(1689)" id="mwSA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Convention Parliament (1689)">Convention Parliament</a> declares that the flight to France in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1688" id="mwSQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1688">1688</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England" id="mwSg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="James II of England">James II</a>, the last <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" id="mwTA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British monarch</a>, constitutes an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdication" id="mwTQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abdication">abdication</a>.