Abstract#R##N##R##N#This paper presents the variance analysis, and performance comparison, of the least-squares frequency estimator (LSFE), and a specific version of the nonlinear frequency estimator (NIX). The results are obtained for the case where the received signal contains both phase and frequency errors (ΔΘ and Δf respectively). It is shown that under rather restrictive conditions, the LSFE is a low signal-to-noise ratio approximation to the ML estimate of Δ f Also considered are the effects on the moments of this estimate, if any of these conditions are violated. The latter part of the paper deals with the various versions of the NFE. The problem of phase ambiguity associated with these nonlinear estimators is investigated, and a resolution technique is proposed.
['Rocco Di Girolamo', 'Tho Le-Ngoc']
Performance of open loop digital frequency estimation techniques for burst‐mode transmission