This paper is concerned with the distance characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating in urban and suburban areas as well as the optimal allocation of base stations (BS) in such complicated propagation environments. First, we propose 1-ray model to simulate terrestrial EM wave propagation by introducing two parameters, amplitude modification factor α and propagation order of distance β. Second, we propose an algorithm to determine the two parameters based on Okumura-Hata model in order to introduce the communication distance function which helps us to assess wireless accessibility in urban and suburban areas. Finally, based on the particle swarm optimisation (PSO), we propose an adaptive algorithm for generating inhomogeneous triangular cells in order to optimally allocate BSs in urban and suburban areas. Numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
['Kazunori Uchida', 'Masafumi Takematsu', 'Jun-Hyuck Lee', 'Junichi Honda']
A particle swarm optimisation algorithm to generate inhomogeneous triangular cells for allocating base stations in urban and suburban areas