This paper introduces a new parametric  n -ary Gray code, the ( n ,  k ,  p )-Gray code, which includes several commonly used codes such as the binary-reflected, ternary, and ( n ,  k )-Gray codes. The new ( n ,  k ,  p )-Gray code has potential applications in digital communications and signal/image processing systems. This paper focuses on three illustrative applications of the ( n ,  k ,  p )-Gray code, namely, image bit-plane decomposition, image denoising, and encryption. The computer simulations demonstrate that the ( n ,  k ,  p )-Gray code shows better performance than other traditional Gray codes for these applications in image systems.
['Yicong Zhou', 'Karen Panetta', 'Sos S. Agaian', 'C. L. P. Chen']
(n, k, p)-Gray code for image systems