In this paper, we address the problem of representing human actions using visual cues for the purpose of learning and recognition. Traditional approaches model actions as space-time representations which explicitly or implicitly encode the dynamics of an action through temporal dependencies. In contrast, we propose a new compact and efficient representation which does not account for such dependencies. Instead, motion sequences are represented with respect to a set of discriminative static key-pose exemplars and without modeling any temporal ordering. The interest is a time-invariant representation that drastically simplifies learning and recognition by removing time related information such as speed or length of an action. The proposed representation is equivalent to embedding actions into a space defined by distances to key-pose exemplars. We show how to build such embedding spaces of low dimension by identifying a vocabulary of highly discriminative exemplars using a forward selection. To test our representation, we have used a publicly available dataset which demonstrates that our method can precisely recognize actions, even with cluttered and non-segmented sequences.
['Daniel Weinland', 'Edmond Boyer']
Action recognition using exemplar-based embedding