Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) provide rapidly deployable and self-configuring network capacity required in many critical applications, e.g., battlefields, disaster relief and wide area sensing. In this paper we study the problem of efficient data delivery in  sparse  MANETs where network partitions can last for a significant period. Previous approaches rely on the use of either long range communication which leads to rapid draining of nodes' limited batteries, or existing node mobility which results in low data delivery rates and large delays. In this paper, we describe a  Message Ferrying  (MF) approach to address the problem. MF is a mobility-assisted approach which utilizes a set of special mobile nodes called  message ferries  (or  ferries  for short) to provide communication service for nodes in the deployment area. The main idea behind the MF approach is to introduce  non-randomness  in the movement of nodes and exploit such non-randomness to help deliver data. We study two variations of MF, depending on whether ferries or nodes initiate proactive movement. The MF design exploits mobility to improve data delivery performance and reduce energy consumption in nodes. We evaluate the performance of MF via extensive ns simulations which confirm the MF approach is efficient in both data delivery and energy consumption under a variety of network conditions.
['Wenrui Zhao', 'Mostafa H. Ammar', 'Ellen W. Zegura']
A message ferrying approach for data delivery in sparse mobile ad hoc networks