We propose forwarding-function (FF) based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs): improved adaptive mobility of courier nodes in threshold-optimized depth-based-routing (iAMCTD). Unlike existing depth-based acoustic protocols, the proposed protocol exploits network density for time-critical applications. In order to tackle flooding, path loss, and propagation latency, we calculate optimal holding time (HT) and use routing metrics: localization-free signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR), signal quality index (SQI), energy cost function (ECF), and depth-dependent function (DDF). Our proposal provides on-demand routing by formulating hard threshold (Hth), soft threshold (Sth), and prime energy limit (Rprime). Simulation results verify effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed iAMCTD.
['Nadeem Javaid', 'Mohsin Raza Jafri', 'Zahoor Ali Khan', 'Umar Qasim', 'Turki Ali Alghamdi', 'Muhammad Ali']
iAMCTD: improved adaptive mobility of courier nodes in threshold-optimized DBR protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks