Three kinds of criteria have been advanced for distinguishing sleeping beauties in science, i.e., average-based criteria, quartile-based criteria and parameter-free criteria, on which basis four rules are proposed that should be adhered to in distinguishing sleeping beauties: (1) the early citations should be penalized; (2) the whole citation history should be taken into account; (3) the awakening time of a sleeping beauty should not vary over time; and (4) arbitrary thresholds on sleeping period or awakening intensity should be avoided.
['Jiang Li', 'Fred Y. Ye']
Distinguishing sleeping beauties in science