In this work, we propose an informed positional coding scheme by extending the position based watermarking approach (Borges et al. (2003)). In contrast to the traditional watermarking approaches where the information is carried by the watermark itself, in the proposed positional approach, the information is related to the position of the embedded watermarks in the image. Moreover, we propose an optimization criterion to select the best among a few available positions to embed a watermark to represent information and also the best watermark from a codebook of watermarks. Results illustrate the better robustness and transparency performance when compared to the traditional spread spectrum techniques. Moreover, we show that the method presents better robustness to collusion attacks, as illustrated by experiments.
['Paulo Vinicius Koerich Borges', 'Joceli Mayer']
Informed positional embedding for multi-bit watermarking