text: Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin found in various foods. Despite its presence in many sources, insufficiency and deficiency are relatively common. According to a publication in Healthline, studies have shown that up to 20% of people over the age of 60 in the United States and the United Kingdom are deficient in this Vitamin and this is often due to limited dairy intake, medical conditions, melabsorption or the use of B12 depleting medications. Symptoms of low B12 levels can range from physical issues to psychological manifestations. It plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and proper nervous system function.
  The human body doesn't naturally produce B12, so it must be obtained through dietary sources like meat,fish,eggs, and dairy products or through supplements to prevent deficiencies that can lead to anemia and neurological problems. So without further ado, below are some of the signs and symptoms of a deficiency of this Vitamin.
  1. Fatigue and weakness: Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production, which carries oxygen throughout the body. Without enough B12, the body may not produce sufficient red blood cells, leading to reduced oxygen transport and resulting in fatigue and weakness.
  2. Anemia: Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia, where red blood cells become larger than normal and less effective in carrying oxygen. Anemia can lead to symptoms such as pale skin, weakness, shortness of breath, and dizziness.
  3. Neurological problems: B12 is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Deficiency can damage the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerves, leading to neurological symptoms. Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet (paresthesia), difficulty walking, balance issues, and memory problems are common neurological manifestations of B12 deficiency.
  4. Glossitis: Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause inflammation of the tongue, known as glossitis. The tongue becomes swollen, red, and painful, making it difficult and uncomfortable to speak, eat, or swallow.
  5. Mouth ulcers: Some people with B12 deficiency may experience painful mouth sores or ulcers. These can develop inside the mouth, making eating and drinking painful.
  6. Digestive issues: Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the small intestine, and certain gastrointestinal conditions can hinder its absorption. As a result, B12 deficiency can lead to digestive problems, such as diarrhea or constipation.
  7. Vision changes: In some cases, B12 deficiency can affect the optic nerve, leading to vision changes like blurred vision or disturbed eyesight.
  8. Mood changes: B12 is involved in the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which regulate mood and emotions. Low B12 levels may contribute to irritability, depression, or anxiety.
  9. Memory and cognitive decline: Adequate B12 levels are crucial for cognitive function and memory. Deficiency may cause difficulty concentrating, memory lapses, and other cognitive impairments.