text: Causes of pneumonia
  An illness called pneumonia causes the air sacs in one or
  even both lungs to become inflamed. The air sacs may swell with fluid or pus
  (purulent material), which can lead to a cough that produces pus or phlegm, a
  fever, chills, and breathing difficulties. Pneumonia can be brought on by a
  number of different species, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
  The severity of pneumonia can range from minor to
  life-threatening. The most vulnerable groups include newborns and young
  children, adults over 65, and those with health conditions or weaker immune
  Pneumonia can present with mild to severe signs and
  symptoms, depending on the type of germ that caused the illness, your age, and
  general health. Mild common symptoms frequently resemble cold or flu symptoms,
  but they linger longer.
  Pneumonia symptoms and signs can also include:
  - Chest aches when breathing or coughing
  - Confusion or shifts in awareness (in adults age 65 and older)
  - Fatigue Cough that could result in phlegm
  - Fever, perspiration, and shivering chills
  - Lower than usual body temperature (in adults older than age 65 and people with weak immune systems)
  - Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
  - Breathing difficulties
  There may be no symptoms of the infection in newborns and
  young children. Also possible are vomiting, fever and cough, agitation,
  exhaustion, and lack of energy, as well as problems, with breathing and eating.
  visit the doctor
  Consult a physician if you experience breathing
  difficulties, chest pain, a persistent temperature of 102 F (39 C) or higher,
  or a chronic cough, particularly if you are coughing up the pus.
  People in such high-risk groups should make an appointment
  with a doctor immediately:
  - Adults who are above 65
  - Children under the age of two who exhibit certain symptoms
  - Individuals with underlying illnesses or compromised immune systems
  - Those undergoing chemotherapy or taking immunosuppressive drugs
  Pneumonia can swiftly turn into a life-threatening condition
  for some older adults, people with heart failure, and those with chronic lung
  Pneumonia can be brought on by numerous bacteria. In the air
  we breathe, bacteria and viruses are the most prevalent. Usually, your body
  protects you from harmful bacteria getting into your lungs. But even if your
  health is normally strong, these viruses occasionally have the capacity to
  overwhelm your immune system.
  Depending on the specific types of germs that cause
  illness and how you contracted the infection, there are several varieties of
  Most pneumonia cases are caused by community-acquired
  pneumonia. It takes place apart from hospitals and other healthcare facilities.
  It could result from:
  - Bacteria. Streptococcus
  pneumonia is the most frequent cause of bacterial pneumonia in the United
  States. This kind of pneumonia can develop independently or following a cold or
  the flu. Lobar pneumonia is a disorder that can only affect one lobe of the
  organism. Pneumonia can also be brought on by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
  Compared to other varieties of pneumonia, it often causes fewer severe
  symptoms. This sort of pneumonia, which often isn't severe enough to require
  bed rest, is known informally as "walking pneumonia."
  - Fungi. People
  with weak immune systems or chronic health conditions are more likely to get
  this type of pneumonia, as are those who have breathed high concentrations of
  the microorganisms. Depending on the region, the funguses that cause it can be
  found in soil or bird droppings.
  infections, such as COVID-19. Most viruses that cause the
  common cold and the flu can also lead to pneumonia. Pneumonia in children under
  the age of five is typically brought on by viruses. Most viral types of pneumonia are
  not severe. It can, however, occasionally get really bad. Pneumonia that
  might result from the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) is serious.
  acquired in a hospital
  Many patients who are in the hospital for another sickness
  also develop pneumonia. So because individuals who contract it are already ill
  and because the bacteria that cause it may be more resistant to treatments,
  hospital-acquired pneumonia can indeed be serious. This type of pneumonia is
  more common in patients who are using ventilators, which are common in
  intensive care units.
  acquired in a medical facility
  People who reside in long-term care facilities or who
  receive medical attention in outpatient clinics, particularly kidney dialysis
  facilities, are at risk for developing healthcare-acquired pneumonia, a
  bacterial infection. The same bacteria that can cause hospital-acquired
  pneumonia can also cause healthcare-acquired pneumonia, which is more
  difficult to treat with medications.
  Because once you inhale saliva, vomit, food, or liquids into
  your lungs, aspiration pneumonia happens. Aspiration is much more likely to
  occur if something interferes with your natural gag response, such as brain
  damage, swallowing issues, or excess alcohol or drug usage.
  Anyone can get pneumonia. However, the two age groups that
  are most at risk are:
  - Children under the age of two
  - Those who are at least 65 years old
  danger signs consist of:
  Being in a hospital In a hospital intensive care unit, you
  run a higher risk of developing pneumonia, especially if you depend on a breathing
  machine (a ventilator).
  illness If you have asthma, heart disease, or chronic obstructive
  pulmonary disease (COPD), you are more prone to getting pneumonia.
  Smoking is when natural defenses your body has against viruses and bacteria that
  cause pneumonia are harmed.
  - The immune system is repressed or weak. Anyone who has HIV/AIDS has undergone organ transplantation, is using long-term steroids, or has received
  chemotherapy is at risk.
  Although with therapy, complications from pneumonia can
  arise for certain people, particularly for those in high-risk categories.
  - Viruses and bacteria in the blood. When bacteria from your lungs enter your bloodstream, they can infect other organs and perhaps lead to organ failure.
  in difficulty breathing. You can find it difficult to breathe in
  enough oxygen if your pneumonia is severe or if you have underlying chronic
  lung conditions. While your lung heals, you might need to be hospitalized and
  utilize a ventilator.
  - The buildup of fluid around the lungs (pleural effusion). The narrow area
  between layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity may become
  clogged with fluid as a result of pneumonia (pleura). You might need to have
  the fluid removed surgically or through a chest tube if it becomes infected
  infection. If pus accumulates in a lung cavity, an abscess develops.
  Antibiotics are typically used to treat an abscess. The pus may occasionally
  need to be removed through surgery or drainage using a long needle or tube
  inserted into the abscess.
  To aid in preventing pneumonia:
  vaccinated. Some forms of pneumonia and the flu can be prevented with
  vaccines. Consult your doctor about getting these shots. Even if you are aware
  that you have previously had a pneumonia vaccine, the immunization
  recommendations have changed over time, therefore it is important to discuss
  your vaccination status with your doctor.
  sure kids receive their vaccinations. For children under the age of
  2 and for those between the ages of 2 and 5 who are particularly at risk for
  pneumococcal disease, doctors advise a separate pneumonia vaccine. Children who
  attend a group daycare facility also need to get a shot. Children older than
  six months are also advised to get flu vaccines by doctors.
  proper hygiene. Regular hand washing or the use of an
  alcohol-based hand sanitizer will help you prevent respiratory infections,
  which can occasionally develop into pneumonia.
  smoking. The natural defenses of your lungs against respiratory infections
  are harmed by smoking.
  a robust immune system. Get enough rest, work out frequently, and
  maintain a balanced diet.
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