Dipeptide - Wikipedia Dipeptide Jump to : navigation , search A dipeptide is a sometimes ambiguous designation of two classes of organic compounds : Its molecules contain either two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond or one amino acid with two peptide bonds . Contents ( hide ) 1 Two amino acids , one peptide bond 1.1 Examples 2 One amino acid , two peptide bonds 3 References 4 External links Two amino acids , one peptide bond ( edit ) In this usage , X dipeptide ( with X designating an amino acid ) must be understood as di - X peptide . This nomenclature is continued by tripeptide ( three amino acids , two peptide bonds ) , tetrapeptide , and so on ; longer chains are called oligopeptide , polypeptide , protein . Glycylglycine Dipeptides are produced from polypeptides by the action of the hydrolase enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase . Dietary proteins are digested to dipeptides and amino acids , and the dipeptides are absorbed more rapidly than the amino acids , because their uptake involves a separate mechanism . Dipeptides activate G - cells found in the stomach to secrete gastrin . The Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis is a classic organic synthesis for the preparation of dipeptides . Examples ( edit ) Carnosine ( beta - alanyl - L - histidine ) is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues . Anserine ( beta - alanyl - N - methyl histidine ) is found in the skeletal muscle and brain of mammals . Homoanserine ( N - ( 4 - aminobutyryl ) - L - histidine ) is another dipeptide identified in the brain and muscles of mammals . Kyotorphin ( L - tyrosyl - L - arginine ) is a neuroactive dipeptide which plays a role in pain regulation in the brain . Balenine ( ja ) ( or ophidine ) ( beta - alanyl - N tau - methyl histidine ) has been identified in the muscles of several species of mammal ( including man ) , and the chicken . Aspartame ( N - L - α - aspartyl - L - phenylalanine 1 - methyl ester ) is an artificial sweetener . Glorin ( N - propionyl - γ - L - glutamyl - L - ornithine - δ - lac ethyl ester ) is a chemotactic dipeptide for the slime mold Polysphondylium violaceum . Barettin ( cyclo - ( ( 6 - bromo - 8 - en - tryptophan ) - arginine ) ) is a cyclic dipeptide from the marine sponge Geodia barretti . Pseudoproline Glycylglycine One amino acid , two peptide bonds ( edit ) In this usage , X dipeptide is taken literally : One amino acid X is equipped with two minimal peptide bonds : The C terminus COOH becomes COCH , the N terminus NH becomes NHCH . For instance , alanine dipeptide is CH CONHCH ( CH ) CONHCH . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Steane , Richard . `` Hydrolysis of a dipeptide '' . BioTopics . Retrieved 28 July 2014 . Jump up ^ Bergmann , M. et al. , Ann . 449 , 277 ( 1926 ) ; `` Bergmann Azlactone Peptide Synthesis '' Jump up ^ Head - Gordon , Teresa ; Head - Gordon , Martin ; Frisch , Michael J. ; Brooks , Charles ; Pople , John ( 2009 ) . `` A theoretical study of alanine dipeptide and analogs '' . International Journal of Quantum Chemistry . 36 : 311 . doi : 10.1002 / qua. 560360725 . External links ( edit ) An introduction to dipeptides at PeptideGuide . Hormones Endocrine glands Hypothalamic - pituitary Hypothalamus GnRH TRH Dopamine CRH GHRH Somatostatin ( GHIH ) MCH Posterior pituitary Oxytocin Vasopressin Anterior pituitary FSH LH TSH Prolactin POMC CLIP ACTH MSH Endorphins Lipotropin GH Adrenal axis Adrenal cortex aldosterone cortisol cortisone DHEA DHEA - S androstenedione Adrenal medulla epinephrine norepinephrine Thyroid Thyroid hormone Calcitonin Thyroid axis Parathyroid PTH Gonadal axis Testis testosterone AMH inhibin Ovary estradiol progesterone activin and inhibin relaxin Placenta hCG HPL estrogen progesterone Pancreas glucagon insulin amylin somatostatin pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland melatonin N , N - dimethyltryptamine 5 - methoxy - N , N - dimethyltryptamine Other Thymus Thymosins Thymosin α1 Beta thymosins Thymopoietin Thymulin Digestive system Stomach gastrin ghrelin Duodenum CCK Incretins GIP GLP - 1 secretin motilin VIP Ileum enteroglucagon peptide YY Liver / other Insulin - like growth factor IGF - 1 IGF - 2 Adipose tissue leptin adiponectin resistin Skeleton Osteocalcin Kidney renin EPO calcitriol prostaglandin Heart Natriuretic peptide ANP BNP This biochemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipeptide&oldid=765730946 '' Categories : Dipeptides Biochemistry stubs Hidden categories : Interlanguage link template link number All stub articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bosanski Čeština Deutsch Esperanto Français Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Русский Slovenščina Türkçe 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 16 February 2017 , at 03 : 10 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia 
what type of reaction occurs to form a dipeptide
A dipeptide is a sometimes ambiguous designation of two classes of organic compounds : Its molecules contain either two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond or one amino acid with two peptide bonds . In this usage , X dipeptide ( with X designating an amino acid ) must be understood as di - X peptide . This nomenclature is continued by tripeptide ( three amino acids , two peptide bonds ) , tetrapeptide , and so on ; longer chains are called oligopeptide , polypeptide , protein . Dipeptides are produced from polypeptides by the action of the hydrolase enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase . Dietary proteins are digested to dipeptides and amino acids , and the dipeptides are absorbed more rapidly than the amino acids , because their uptake involves a separate mechanism . Dipeptides activate G - cells found in the stomach to secrete gastrin . The Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis is a classic organic synthesis for the preparation of dipeptides . Carnosine ( beta - alanyl - L - histidine ) is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues . Anserine ( beta - alanyl - N - methyl histidine ) is found in the skeletal muscle and brain of mammals . Homoanserine ( N - ( 4 - aminobutyryl ) - L - histidine ) is another dipeptide identified in the brain and muscles of mammals . Kyotorphin ( L - tyrosyl - L - arginine ) is a neuroactive dipeptide which plays a role in pain regulation in the brain . Balenine ( ja ) ( or ophidine ) ( beta - alanyl - N tau - methyl histidine ) has been identified in the muscles of several species of mammal ( including man ) , and the chicken . Aspartame ( N - L - α - aspartyl - L - phenylalanine 1 - methyl ester ) is an artificial sweetener . Glorin ( N - propionyl - γ - L - glutamyl - L - ornithine - δ - lac ethyl ester ) is a chemotactic dipeptide for the slime mold Polysphondylium violaceum . Barettin ( cyclo - ( ( 6 - bromo - 8 - en - tryptophan ) - arginine ) ) is a cyclic dipeptide from the marine sponge Geodia barretti . Pseudoproline Glycylglycine Carnosine ( beta - alanyl - L - histidine ) is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues . Anserine ( beta - alanyl - N - methyl histidine ) is found in the skeletal muscle and brain of mammals . Homoanserine ( N - ( 4 - aminobutyryl ) - L - histidine ) is another dipeptide identified in the brain and muscles of mammals . Kyotorphin ( L - tyrosyl - L - arginine ) is a neuroactive dipeptide which plays a role in pain regulation in the brain . Balenine ( ja ) ( or ophidine ) ( beta - alanyl - N tau - methyl histidine ) has been identified in the muscles of several species of mammal ( including man ) , and the chicken . Aspartame ( N - L - α - aspartyl - L - phenylalanine 1 - methyl ester ) is an artificial sweetener . Glorin ( N - propionyl - γ - L - glutamyl - L - ornithine - δ - lac ethyl ester ) is a chemotactic dipeptide for the slime mold Polysphondylium violaceum . Barettin ( cyclo - ( ( 6 - bromo - 8 - en - tryptophan ) - arginine ) ) is a cyclic dipeptide from the marine sponge Geodia barretti . In this usage , X dipeptide is taken literally : One amino acid X is equipped with two minimal peptide bonds : The C terminus COOH becomes COCH , the N terminus NH becomes NHCH . For instance , alanine dipeptide is CH CONHCH ( CH ) CONHCH .
peptide bond