Arizona 's 9th congressional district - wikipedia Arizona 's 9th congressional district Jump to : navigation , search Arizona 's 9th congressional district Arizona 's 9th congressional district - since January 3 , 2013 . Current Representative Kyrsten Sinema ( D -- Phoenix ) Population ( 2015 ) 777,123 Ethnicity 77.2 % White 4.9 % Black 5 % Asian 2.9 % Hispanic 2.7 % Native American 6.1 % other Cook PVI D + 4 Arizona 's ninth congressional district is a new district that was created as a result of the 2010 Census . The first candidates ran in the 2012 House elections , and the first representative was seated for the 113th Congress in 2013 . The district is located entirely within Maricopa County . Geographically and demographically , it is the successor to the old 5th district ; 60 percent of the new 9th 's territory comes from the old 5th . It is centered around Tempe and includes southern Scottsdale , western Mesa , northwestern Chandler , and southern Phoenix including the Ahwatukee district . As of the 2012 general election , there are 344,770 registered voters . Of these , 118,077 ( 34.2 % ) are registered Republican , 107,123 ( 31.1 % ) are registered Democratic , 3,232 ( 0.9 % ) are registered Libertarian , and 761 ( 0.2 % ) are registered Green . A substantial number , 115,531 ( 33.5 % ) are independents . It is split between liberal bastions such as Tempe ( home to Arizona State University ) , strongly conservative portions of the East Valley , and more moderate Republicans in eastern and southern Phoenix . The district was one of seven across the United States whose winner was not declared on election night . Although Democratic candidate Kyrsten Sinema held a narrow lead over Republican candidate Vernon Parker , the number of provisional and absentee ballots to be counted significantly exceeded the margin between the two . Sinema was officially declared the winner on November 12 , 2012 . Since the 9th district 's incumbent representative Kyrsten Sinema is running for Senate in 2018 to replace retiring U.S. Senator Jeff Flake , the seat will be open in 2018 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Voting 2 List of representatives 3 2012 election 4 Complete election results 4.1 2012 4.2 2014 4.3 2016 5 Living former Members 6 References 7 External links Voting ( edit ) Election results from statewide races Year Office Results 2012 President Obama 51 - 47 % 2016 President Clinton 55 - 38 % List of Representatives ( edit ) Arizona began sending a ninth member to the House after the 2010 Census , the 2012 Congressional election , and the convening of the 113th Congress . Representative Party Years Cong resses Electoral history District description District created January 3 , 2013 Parts of south and east Phoenix , including the Ahwatukee district ; Tempe , south Scottsdale , west Mesa , and northwest Chandler . Kyrsten Sinema Democratic January 3 , 2013 -- present 113 114 115 First elected in 2012 . Re-elected in 2014 . Re-elected in 2016 . Retiring to run for U.S. Senator . 2012 election ( edit ) Main article : United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona , 2012 As the result of the August 28 , 2012 closed primary , Democrat Kyrsten Sinema faced Republican Vernon Parker in the November 6 general election . Sinema was the first candidate to announce an intention to run . A former member of both the Arizona House of Representatives and the Arizona State Senate , until resigning to launch her House campaign in Arizona 's 9th congressional district , she was endorsed by EMILY 's List , AFL - CIO , The Professional Firefighters of Arizona , Former Congressman Sam Coppersmith , among others . On January 11 , 2012 , Republican Travis Grantham announced that he was running . Arizona State Senate Minority Leader David Schapira announced his candidacy on January 17 , 2012 . Schapira was born in the district , has resided there for most of his life , and currently represents Tempe and South Scottsdale . On February 9 , 2012 former Clinton White House aide and Arizona prosecutor Andrei Cherny launched his bid for Congress in the new district . Cherny was Chair of the Arizona Democratic Party . His campaign slogan is `` Save the Middle Class , '' for his mission is to `` put our government back on the side of Arizona 's families . '' He served as an Assistant Attorney General under Terry Goddard and worked in the Clinton White House . Both men have given their endorsements to Cherny . Former Ahwatukee State Rep. Rae Waters , Mesa City Councilman Dennis Kavanaugh , former Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon and many other strong Arizona leaders have done so as well . On February 22 , 2012 , Republican Martin Sepulveda declared his candidacy for Congressional District 9 . Martin Sepulveda is a former Chandler City Councilman , a business owner , and a Commander in the United States Navy having served four tours in Afghanistan and Iraq . On March 3 , 2012 Lieutenant Colonel Wendy Rogers ( Ret ) announced her candidacy for Congressional District 9 . Rogers and husband Hal Kunen , along with children George and Emily , settled in Tempe in 1996 , upon their retirement from the United States Air Force . Rogers is a Republican . Leah Campos Schandlbauer announced her candidacy March 26 , 2012 . She is a former CIA operations officer and a conservative Republican . Complete election results ( edit ) 2012 ( edit ) Arizona 's 9th congressional district general election , 2012 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Kyrsten Sinema 121,881 48.66 % Republican Vernon B. Parker 111,630 44.56 % Libertarian Powell Gammill 16,620 6.63 % Write - in Write - ins 363 0.14 % Plurality 10,251 4.10 % Total votes 250,494 100.00 Democratic gain from new constituency 2014 ( edit ) Arizona 's 9th congressional district general election , 2014 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Kyrsten Sinema 88,609 55 % Republican Wendy Rogers 67,841 41 % Libertarian Powell Gammill 5,612 4 % Democratic hold 2016 ( edit ) Arizona 's 9th congressional district general election , 2016 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Kyrsten Sinema 169,055 61 % Republican Dave Giles 108,350 39 % Democratic hold Living former members ( edit ) There are no former members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona 's 9th congressional district , living or dead : Representative Sinema has served for the entirety of the district 's existence . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ `` Partisan Voting Index -- Districts of the 115th Congress '' ( PDF ) . The Cook Political Report . April 7 , 2017 . Retrieved April 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Census 2010 shows Red states gaining congressional districts '' . Washington Post . Retrieved December 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Arizona Redistricting : Commission releases draft map . Daily Kos , October 4 , 2011 Jump up ^ Arizona Secretary of State . `` State of Arizona Registration Report '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on November 7 , 2012 . Retrieved November 13 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Shira T. Center ( August 12 , 2014 ) . `` Freshman Congresswoman Moves to the Middle '' . Roll Call . Retrieved August 29 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Kyrsten Sinema 's Lead Growing Over Vernon Parker as More Ballots Are Counted '' . Phoenix New Times , November 9 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` US elects first bisexual member of Congress '' . AFP , November 12 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Martis , Kenneth C. ( 1982 ) . The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts , 1789 - 1983 . New York : Macmillan Publishing . Jump up ^ Martis , Kenneth C. ( 1989 ) . The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress , 1789 - 1989 . New York : Macmillan Publishing . Jump up ^ Congressional Directory : Browse 105th Congress Archived February 17 , 2011 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` State senator announces bid for Congress '' . Washington Examiner . January 3 , 2012 . Retrieved January 3 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Endorsements '' . Jump up ^ `` Grantham announces run for Congress '' . KPHO - TV . January 11 , 2012 . Retrieved January 12 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Schapira announces bid for Congress '' . The Arizona Republic . January 17 , 2012 . Retrieved March 6 , 2012 . Jump up ^ http://www.andreiforarizona.com/media/news/2012-02-cherny-launches-congressional-bid ^ Jump up to : `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on August 23 , 2012 . Retrieved August 8 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on March 17 , 2012 . Retrieved April 19 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Mother of Four , CIA Operations Officer Declares for Congress in District 9 '' . Jump up ^ `` Former CIA worker to run for Congress in District 9 '' . Arizona Republic . External links ( edit ) Maps of Congressional Districts first in effect for the 2002 election Final Congressional Maps for the 2012 election ( hide ) Arizona 's congressional districts Current districts 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th All districts Territory At - large The Territory and At - large seats are obsolete . See also Arizona 's past and present Representatives , Senators , and Delegations Recent U.S. House elections in Arizona : 2006 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 , 2014 , 2016 , 2018 All U.S. districts Apportionment Redistricting in Arizona Gerrymandering Coordinates : 33 ° 25 ′ N 111 ° 55 ′ W  /  33.417 ° N 111.917 ° W  / 33.417 ; - 111.917 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arizona%27s_9th_congressional_district&oldid=818793932 '' Categories : Congressional districts of Arizona Government of Maricopa County , Arizona Chandler , Arizona Mesa , Arizona Phoenix , Arizona Scottsdale , Arizona Tempe , Arizona Constituencies established in 2013 2013 establishments in Arizona Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from October 2016 Articles with permanently dead external links Use mdy dates from October 2017 Coordinates on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español فارسی Nederlands Português 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 5 January 2018 , at 16 : 36 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: who represents the arizona 9th district in the house


Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader ? ( U.S. game show ) - wikipedia Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader ? ( U.S. game show ) Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the original series . For versions in other countries , see Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader ? Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader ? Created by Barry Poznick John Stevens Mark Burnett Directed by Don Weiner Presented by Jeff Foxworthy Theme music composer David Vanacore ( Vanacore Music ) with Blessed Kateri Children 's Choir Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 4 ( Fox ) 2 ( Syndication ) No. of episodes 98 ( as of September 8 , 2015 ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Mark Burnett Roy Bank Barry Poznick John Stevens Location ( s ) CBS Television City Hollywood , California Running time 44 minutes ( Fox ) 22 -- 26 minutes ( Syndication ) Production company ( s ) United Artists Media Group Zoo Productions Distributor 20th Television Release Original network Fox ( 2007 -- 09 , 2015 ) Syndication ( 2009 -- 11 ) Original release Original primetime series : February 27 , 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 27 ) -- September 18 , 2009 ( 2009 - 09 - 18 ) Revived primetime series : May 26 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 26 ) -- September 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 08 ) Syndication : September 21 , 2009 ( 2009 - 09 - 21 ) -- March 24 , 2011 ( 2011 - 03 - 24 ) Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader ? is an American quiz game show on Fox . It is produced by Mark Burnett and is hosted by Jeff Foxworthy . The show premiered as a three - day special which began on February 27 , 2007 with the first two shows each a half - hour in length . Regular one - hour episodes began airing Thursdays from March 1 through May 10 , and the first season continued with new episodes beginning May 31 . Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? was picked up for the 2007 -- 08 season , which began on September 6 , 2007 , and aired in the same timeslot . Following the end of the original run of the primetime version on September 18 , 2009 , a first - run syndicated version of the show ran from September 2009 to May 2011 , with Foxworthy returning as host . On May 26 , 2015 , the program returned to Fox for a new , sixth season , with Foxworthy , again , returning as host . The show also airs internationally , and the format has been picked up for local versions in a number of other countries . 5th Grader games are played by a single contestant , who attempts to answer ten questions ( plus a final bonus question ) . Content is taken from elementary school textbooks , two from each grade level from first to fifth . Each correct answer increases the amount of money the player banks ; a maximum cash prize of $1,000,000 can be won . Along the way , contestants can be assisted by a `` classmate '' , one of five school - age cast members , in answering the questions . Notably , upon getting an answer incorrect or deciding to prematurely end the game , contestants must state that they are `` not smarter than a 5th grader . '' Two people have won the $1,000,000 prize : Kathy Cox , superintendent of public schools for the U.S. state of Georgia ; and George Smoot , winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics and professor at the University of California , Berkeley . Contents ( hide ) 1 Production 2 Original & revival versions ( on Fox ) 2.1 Gameplay 2.2 Casting 2.3 Celebrity Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader ? 3 Syndicated version 3.1 Season 1 Class 3.2 Season 2 Class 3.3 Gameplay 4 Reception 4.1 Ratings 5 References Production ( edit ) In November 2006 it was pitched as `` Do You Remember Grade School ? '' by Burnett and Zoo Productions to network executives in the form of a six - question quiz ; the only network president who was able to win on the quiz was Fox 's Peter Liguori . On January 31 , 2007 , Fox announced that they had picked up the show for an initial six - episode run , and on February 9 Foxworthy was announced as host . Less than eight weeks after being pitched , the first episode aired . On November 6 , 2014 , Fox announced it would revive the series , with a new generation of fifth - graders , to its lineup as part of the summer season of the 2014 -- 15 season . The new season features several changes , including a new panel of six regular fifth - grade students ( whose usage & seating positions will rotate per episode ) , a new `` Grade School Giveaway '' feature on the $10,000 question , in which a school will win $10,000 towards improvements if the contestant answers their $10,000 question correctly , and the million dollar question is now from the sixth grade . Foxworthy explained that the revival was the result of a conversation he had over dinner with Mark Burnett the previous year , in which he considered 5th Grader to be his favorite television role . When Fox approached him later in 2014 about reviving the series , he accepted the role with little hesitation . Original & revival versions ( on Fox ) ( edit ) Gameplay ( edit ) Question No . Correct Answer Value $1,000 $2,000 $5,000 $10,000 5 $25,000 6 $50,000 7 $100,000 8 $175,000 9 $300,000 10 $500,000 11 $1,000,000 1st Subject 2nd Subject Million Dollar Question 5th Grade 5th Grade 4th Grade 4th Grade 3rd Grade 3rd Grade 2nd Grade 2nd Grade 1st Grade 1st Grade In each game , the contestant ( an adult ) is asked a series of eleven questions , spanning ten subjects ( such as Animal Science , Spelling or Math ) taken from textbooks for first through fifth grade students . Each question is associated with a grade level ; there are two questions per grade , from first to fifth . The player can answer the questions in any order , and each correct answer raises their cumulative amount of winnings to the next level ( see table at right ) ; after answering the fifth question correctly , they are guaranteed to leave with at least $25,000 . If the player correctly answers the first ten questions , they are given the opportunity to answer a fifth - grade bonus question ( sixth - grade in the 2015 revival ) worth $1,000,000 . Five fifth graders ( some of whom are also professional child actors ) appear on each show and play along on stage -- in general , each episode in a season has the same cast of children . Prior to the show , the children are provided with workbooks which contain a variety of material , some of which could be used in the questions asked in the game . The player chooses one to be their `` classmate '' , who stands at the adjacent podium and is called upon for assistance in choosing a subject ; the other four sit at desks off to the side . Each child acts as the classmate for two consecutive questions , after which another child is picked from those who have not yet played in that game . Contestants have three forms of answer - assistance options ( two cheats and a Save ) , each available for use once per game ( up to , but not including , the million dollar subject ) . The two cheats , Peek and Copy , can be invoked by the contestant to aid in making a decision as follows : Peek : The player is shown their classmate 's answer and may choose whether to go along with it or not ; however , they must answer the question upon using this cheat . Copy : The player is locked into using their classmate 's answer , without being able to see it first . If the classmate is correct , the contestant is correct and advances up the money ladder . If the classmate is incorrect , the contestant loses the game . When this cheat is used in the 2015 revival , the classmate is allowed to discuss his / her answer with the other fifth graders and change it if desired . However , the Save is simply a rule of the game : Save : If the player answers incorrectly but their classmate is correct , they are credited with a correct answer . Unlike the Peek or Copy , the contestant can not elect to use the Save , as it is used automatically on their first incorrect response . However , if the classmate 's answer is also incorrect ( or the classmate 's answer is the same as the contestant 's ) , the contestant loses . Players could use the Save in tandem with the Peek to have two possible answers , theirs and their classmate 's . ( The Save was removed in season 2 of the syndicated version . ) Once all three forms of assistance are used , the children no longer play an active role in the game . If the contestant gets an answer wrong ( and is not saved ) , they `` flunk out '' , and lose everything -- or drop to $25,000 , if they surpassed the fifth question . They may choose to `` drop out '' at any point during the game ( with the exception of the peek cheat noted above ) , which entitles them to leave the game with any winnings they have accrued . The rules change slightly for the million dollar subject . The player is only shown the subject of the question before deciding if they will continue or drop out . However , if they choose to see the question , they are no longer eligible to drop out and must answer the question , with no assistance from the classmates or cheats . An incorrect answer will cause the contestant to leave with $25,000 . If the contestant wins the million , they will have the opportunity to declare to the camera `` I am smarter than a 5th grader ! '' However , if at any point during the game the player drops out or flunks out , they must face the camera , state their name , and declare `` I am not smarter than a 5th grader . '' `` Classroom Club '' questions were introduced into the game at the beginning of the second season . These questions are written by elementary school students , who submit them via the show 's Web site . When one is used , the school of the student who wrote it receives a computer lab , courtesy of the show . `` Field Trip '' questions , introduced in the third season , feature a video clip of a National Geographic Channel correspondent asking the question from an appropriate location somewhere in the world . On the sixth season , the $10,000 question will also reward $10,000 to a grade school ( connected to the studio via Skype ) towards refurbishments and improvements if the contestant answers correctly . Casting ( edit ) Each season , a new group of children are cast to appear as the `` classmates '' on the show . Any child cast must be `` smart , funny , and outgoing '' , and must actually be in the 5th grade ( age 9 , 10 or 11 ) during the television season finales . Contestants who make it through the auditioning process are required to sign a one - year contract stating that they will not tell anybody how much money they make , and that they can not tell or release any information about the actual auditioning process , such as the number of screening processes , the questions asked by the auditioners , and the actual credit for being accepted onto the show . During every classmate 's final appearance on the show ( `` Graduation Night '' ) , each classmate receives a $25,000 savings bond . Season Classmates Seat 1 Seat 2 Seat 3 Seat 4 Seat 5 Seat 6 1 ( 2007 ) Laura Marano Marki Ann Meyer Kyle Collier Jacob Hays Alana Etheridge Spencer Martin N / A 2 ( 2007 -- 08 ) Cody Lee Mackenzie Holmes Sierra McCormick Nathan Lazarus Olivia Glowacki Chandler Chaffee 3 ( 2008 -- 09 ) Jonathan Cummings Jenna Balk Olivia Dellums Kassidy Yeung Bryce Kass Francesca DeRosa 4 ( 2015 ) Simmons `` Tres '' Allison III Reagan Strange Lauren Bullock Mason Davis Dee DuBois Angela Azar Note : The seat numbering for seasons 1 - 3 represented here starts from the back left of the classroom and goes clockwise from the viewer 's perspective . The 2015 revival has 6 regular kids whose usage and positions at the five desks are rotated for each episode . Jump up ^ Meyer replaced Marano halfway through Season 1 . Jump up ^ Chaffee subbed Glowacki for two episodes in season 2 . Jump up ^ Yeung filled in for Dellums in one episode of season 3 . Celebrity are You Smarter than a 5th Grader ? ( edit ) Beginning in season 2 , many celebrities played the game and donated their winnings to the charity of their choice . Of these celebrities , Gene Simmons was the most successful , winning $500,000 for Glazer Pediatrics AIDS Foundation . In addition to these celebrities , former Jeopardy ! champion Ken Jennings and Nobel Prize winner George Smoot , both of whom were playing on their own behalf , won $500,000 and $1,000,000 respectively . Jennings 's stint on the show helped propel him back into the lead for the most money won on game shows by one person in the United States . Syndicated version ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) A half - hour daily syndicated version of the show , also with Foxworthy as host , began airing on September 21 , 2009 . This version features a top prize of $250,000 and a tweaked format between the prime time version and the daytime version . On March 24 , 2011 , the show was canceled along with Do n't Forget the Lyrics ! due to low ratings . Reruns continued on several cable outlets for a year afterward ; as of 2018 , the reruns air on Light TV . On the syndicated version , each class had three kids in each episode , but there were nine kids who traded off with one another throughout both seasons . The class is as follows : Season 1 Class ( edit ) Annalise Basso Pablo Madison Pettis Danielle Cohen Zach Callison Malachi Smith Khamani Griffin Kevin Taylar Hender Season 2 Class ( edit ) Armaan Juneja Terrell `` TJ '' Burnett TY Panitz Jordan Jones Lauren Perez Madison Leisle Antonio Gutierrez Jenni Marer Danielle Soibelman Gameplay ( edit ) Subject Question Value Bonus Question 10 × Earnings 5th Grade $5,000 4th Grade $3,500 3rd Grade $2,500 2nd Grade $1,000 1st Grade $500 The game play for this version of 5th Grader is similar to the original Fox network version . Games are played by a single contestant , who attempts to answer eight questions plus one final 5th grade bonus question with the assistance of one of three 5th grade classmates ( instead of five on the network version ) , who vary each week . In addition , each classmate can be used for up to three questions ( as opposed to two on the network version ) . Contestants are required to attempt all questions , and do not flunk out simply by answering a question incorrectly , instead losing all money earned to that point . If a player has any money left after all questions are asked , they are given the choice to either drop out with the money earned , or answer a 5th - grade bonus question worth 10 times their earnings . The maximum winnings are $25,000 without the bonus question , and therefore $250,000 if it is answered correctly . If the contestant answers the bonus question wrong , they lose everything , but if they had earned at least $2,500 before the bonus question , then they receive a consolation prize in the form of a $2,500 prepaid card . If they had earned less than $2,500 , the value of the card is $250 . On celebrity episodes , the consolation prizes are cash donations to the celebrity 's favorite charity . In Season 1 , there are 10 regular questions before the bonus question . The 3rd grade questions are worth $2,500 ; 4th grade , $3,500 ; and 5th grade , $5,000 . Season 2 premiered on September 20 , 2010 . The game was shortened , with the fifth grade questions removed from the main game , reducing the number of questions to eight ( plus the 5th - grade bonus question ) . To compensate , the 3rd and 4th grade questions were increased to $3,500 and $7,500 respectively . In addition , the `` Save '' was removed , and contestants were no longer allowed to skip to a higher - grade question before attempting at least one question from each lower grade . Reception ( edit ) David Hinckley of the New York Daily News gave the revival series ' cast a positive review , calling the classmates `` terrific ... smart , outgoing and funny , '' while arguing that Foxworthy `` understands how much to showcase them . '' Ratings ( edit ) The first season of the original series averaged 11.5 million viewers . The 2015 revival premiered on May 26 , 2015 to 3.31 million viewers , scoring a 0.8 / 3 rating / share among adults 18 -- 49 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Ward , Julia ( December 14 , 2006 ) . `` Are you smarter than a 5th grader ? '' . TV Squad . Jump up ^ `` '' Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? '' gets extra credit with 13 additional episodes '' ( Press release ) . Fox Broadcasting Company . March 15 , 2007 . Via The Futon Critic . Jump up ^ `` Fox announces primetime slate for 2007 -- 2008 season '' ( Press release ) . Fox Broadcasting Company . May 17 , 2007 . Via The Futon Critic . Jump up ^ `` Class is in session twice a week when `` Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? '' airs on Thursdays and Fridays for four weeks this fall '' ( Press release ) . Fox Broadcasting Company . August 1 , 2007 . Retrieved September 6 , 2007 . Via The Futon Critic . Jump up ^ Pursell , Chris ( September 11 , 2008 ) . `` Foxworthy Signs on for Syndie ' 5th Grader ' '' . TVWeek . Archived from the original on September 12 , 2008 . Retrieved September 12 , 2008 . ^ Jump up to : Bauder , David ( March 16 , 2007 ) . `` Kids Outsmart Adults on ' 5th Grader ' '' . Associated Press . Archived from the original on March 20 , 2007 . Retrieved March 18 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Boedeker , Hal ( January 31 , 2007 ) . `` Fox asks : Are you smarter than a fifth - grader ? '' . Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on June 16 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Fox Develops ' Smarter ' Thursday Plan '' . Zap2it . January 31 , 2007 . Archived from the original on February 12 , 2007 . Retrieved April 13 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Foxworthy Proves FOX - Worthy Host '' . Zap2it . February 9 , 2007 . Archived from the original on February 12 , 2007 . Retrieved April 13 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( November 6 , 2014 ) . `` FOX Revives ' Are you Smarter than a 5th Grader ' '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 6 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Schneider , Michael ( April 24 , 2015 ) . `` First Look : Meet the New Students on Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? '' . TVInsider.com . Retrieved April 27 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Jeff Foxworthy talks ' Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? ' and its return to TV '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 27 May 2015 . Jump up ^ Elfman , Doug ( March 8 , 2007 ) . `` Smart kids caught in the act on ' 5th Grader ' '' . Chicago Sun - Times . Archived from the original on October 9 , 2007 . Jump up ^ During the credits at the end of the show , a disclaimer states : `` Members of the class were provided with workbooks that covered grade school level material in a variety of subjects . Some of the material could have formed the basis of questions used by producers in the show . '' Jump up ^ Farhi , Paul ( March 13 , 2007 ) . `` Easy Does It '' . The Washington Post . p . C01 . Retrieved March 15 , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : `` Episode AYS - 109 '' . Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader . Season 1 . Episode 09 . April 19 , 2007 . Fox Broadcasting Company . ^ Jump up to : `` Calling All Parents of Awesome 5th graders and up '' . Fox News Radio . Archived from the original on May 10 , 2007 . Retrieved January 5 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Gregory , Jason ( November 10 , 2008 ) . `` Kiss ' Gene Simmons ' Smarter than a Fifth Grader '' . Gigwise . Retrieved July 31 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Davis , Alex ( March 24 , 2011 ) . `` '' Do n't Forget The Lyrics ! '' and `` Fifth Grader '' Cancelled `` . Buzzerblog . Archived from the original on April 3 , 2011 . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Busch , Anita ( November 16 , 2016 ) . `` Roma Downey , Mark Burnett And MGM Launch Light TV With Fox Stations On Board '' . Deadline . Retrieved March 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Hinckley , David ( May 26 , 2015 ) . `` ' Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? ' Jeff Foxworthy and kids have some elementary fun '' . New York Daily News . Daily News , L.P . Retrieved June 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Morabito , Andrea ( May 26 , 2015 ) . `` Class is again in session for ' Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? ' '' . New York Post . Retrieved June 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( May 27 , 2015 ) . `` TV Ratings Tuesday : ' America 's Got Talent ' & ' Extreme Weight Loss ' Return Down , Strong Start for ' I Can Do That ' , ' Are You Smarter Than A 5th Grader ' Premieres Soft , ' iZombie ' Steady '' . TV By the Numbers . Zap2it . Retrieved May 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Maglio , Tony ( May 27 , 2015 ) . `` Ratings : Fox 's ' Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? ' Scores Low Marks in Return '' . The Wrap . Retrieved June 16 , 2015 . ( hide ) Mark Burnett Director Survivor ( 2000 -- present ) 2007 MTV Movie Awards ( 2007 ) 2008 MTV Movie Awards ( 2008 ) Screenwriter The Restaurant ( 2003 ) The Casino ( 2004 ) The Contender ( 2005 ) Amne $ ia ( 2008 ) The Apprentice ( 2004 -- 2017 ) Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? ( 2007 -- 11 , 2015 ) Bully Beatdown ( 2009 -- 12 ) Expedition Impossible ( 2011 ) Creator Eco-Challenge ( 1995 -- 2002 ) The Casino ( 2004 ) The Contender ( 2005 ) Amne $ ia ( 2007 ) Pirate Master ( 2007 ) The Apprentice ( 2004 -- 2017 ) Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader ? ( 2007 -- 11 , 2015 ) My Dad Is Better Than Your Dad ( 2008 ) Bully Beatdown ( 2009 -- 12 ) Expedition Impossible ( 2011 ) The Bible ( 2013 ) Spin Off ( 2013 -- present ) A.D. The Bible Continues ( 2015 ) Messiah ( 2019 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Are_You_Smarter_than_a_5th_Grader%3F_(U.S._game_show)&oldid=835320976 '' Categories : 2007 American television series debuts 2009 American television series endings 2009 American television series debuts 2011 American television series endings 2015 American television series debuts 2015 American television series endings 2000s American television series 2010s American television series American game shows Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader ? Fox network shows English - language television programs First - run syndicated television programs in the United States Television series by 20th Century Fox Television American television series revived after cancellation Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from March 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016 Articles needing additional references from May 2014 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Bahasa Melayu Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 7 April 2018 , at 23 : 55 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when did are you smarter than a 5th grader first air


Common myna - wikipedia Common myna Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Common miner or Noisy miner . Common myna / Indian mynah Acridotheres tristis in Kokrebellur , India Conservation status Least Concern ( IUCN 3.1 ) Scientific classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Aves Order : Passeriformes Family : Sturnidae Genus : Acridotheres Species : A. tristis Binomial name Acridotheres tristis ( Linnaeus , 1766 ) Subspecies Acridotheres tristis melanosternus Acridotheres tristis naumanni Acridotheres tristis tristis Acridotheres tristis tristoides Distribution of the common myna . Native distribution in blue , introduced in red . The common myna / Indian mynah ( Acridotheres tristis ) , sometimes spelled mynah , also sometimes known as `` Indian myna '' , is a member of the family Sturnidae ( starlings and mynas ) native to Asia . An omnivorous open woodland bird with a strong territorial instinct , the myna has adapted extremely well to urban environments . The range of the common myna is increasing at such a rapid rate that in 2000 the IUCN Species Survival Commission declared it one of the world 's most invasive species and one of only three birds in the top 100 species that pose an impact to biodiversity , agriculture and human interests . In particular , the species poses a serious threat to the ecosystems of Australia where it was named `` The Most Important Pest / Problem '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Description 1.1 Morphometry 2 Distribution 3 Etymology 4 Taxonomy and subspecies 5 Behaviour 5.1 Vocalisation 5.2 Breeding 5.3 Food and feeding 5.4 Roosting behaviour 5.5 Habitat 5.5. 1 Urban success 6 Invasive species 6.1 Australia 6.2 New Zealand 6.3 South Africa 6.4 United States 6.5 Effect on ecosystems and humans 6.5. 1 Threat to native birds 6.5. 2 Threat to crops and pasture 7 In culture 8 Gallery 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Description ( edit ) The common myna is readily identified by the brown body , black hooded head and the bare yellow patch behind the eye . The bill and legs are bright yellow . There is a white patch on the outer primaries and the wing lining on the underside is white . The sexes are similar and birds are usually seen in pairs . The common myna obeys Gloger 's rule in that the birds from northwest India tend to be paler than their darker counterparts in South India . Morphometry ( edit ) Morphometry . Body length : 23 centimetres ( 9.1 in ) Parameter / sex Male Female Average weight ( g ) 109.8 120 - 138 Wing chord ( mm ) 138 - 153 138 - 147 Bill ( mm ) 25 - 30 25 - 28 Tarsus ( mm ) 34 - 42 35 - 41 Tail ( mm ) 81 - 95 79 - 96 Distribution ( edit ) It is a species of bird native to Asia with its initial home range spanning from Iran , Pakistan , India , Nepal , Bhutan , Bangladesh and Sri Lanka ; as well as Afghanistan , Uzbekistan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Myanmar , to Malaysia , Singapore , peninsular Thailand , Indo - China and China . The myna has been introduced in many other parts of the world such as Canada , Australia , Israel , New Zealand , New Caledonia , United States , South Africa , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan and islands in the Indian Ocean ( Seychelles , Mauritius , Réunion , Madagascar , Maldives , Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep archipelago ) and also in islands of the Atlantic , such as Ascension and St Helena , and Pacific Oceans . The range of the common myna is increasing to the extent that in 2000 the IUCN Species Survival Commission declared it among the World 's 100 worst invasive species . Etymology ( edit ) The etymology of the scientific name is as follows : Acridotheres : Greek akris , akrodos , a locust ; theres , a hunter . tristis : Latin tristis , sad , gloomy ; Modern Latin tristis , dull - coloured ) . Taxonomy and subspecies ( edit ) The common myna has two subspecies : Acridotheres tristis tristis ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) . Widespread , including Sri Lanka . A. t . melanosternus Legge , 1879 . Endemic to Sri Lanka . The subspecies melanosternus is darker than the nominate subspecies , has half - black and half - white primary coverts and has a larger yellow cheek - patch . The type locality of the nominate subspecies is Puducherry , India . Behaviour ( edit ) Vocalisation ( edit ) Calls Common Myna In Guntur Turquoise blue - coloured egg of common myna . The calls includes croaks , squawks , chirps , clicks , whistles and ' growls ' , and the bird often fluffs its feathers and bobs its head in singing . The common myna screeches warnings to its mate or other birds in cases of predators in proximity or when it is about to take off flying . Common mynas are popular as cage birds for their singing and `` speaking '' abilities . Before sleeping in communal roosts , mynas vocalise in unison , which is known as `` communal noise '' . Breeding ( edit ) Common myna evicting a nest of jungle babbler . Breaking the eggs of jungle babbler . Common mynas are believed to pair for life . They breed through much of the year depending on the location , building their nest in a hole in a tree or wall . They breed from sea - level to 3000 m in the Himalayas . The normal clutch size is 4 -- 6 eggs . The average size of the egg is 30.8 x 21.99 mm . The incubation period is 17 to 18 days and fledging period is 22 to 24 days . The Asian koel is sometimes brood parasitic on this species . Nesting material used by mynas include twigs , roots , tow and rubbish . Mynas have been known to use tissue paper , tin foil and sloughed off snake - skin . During the breeding season , the daytime activity - time budget of common myna in Pune in April to June 1978 has been recorded to comprise the following : nesting activity ( 42 % ) , scanning the environment ( 28 % ) , locomotion ( 12 % ) , feeding ( 4 % ) , vocalisation ( 7 % ) and preening - related activities , interactions and other activities ( 7 % ) . The common myna uses the nests of woodpeckers , parakeets , etc. and easily takes to nest boxes ; it has been recorded evicting the chicks of previously nesting pairs by holding them in the beak and later sometimes not even using the emptied nest boxes . This aggressive behaviour contributes to its success as an invasive species . However , there is also some evidence that shows that in introduced environments , the species chooses to nest in more modified and artificial structures than in natural tree cavities when compared to native species . Food and feeding ( edit ) Common Myna prey on a grasshopper . Like most starlings , the common myna is omnivorous . It feeds on insects , arachnids , crustaceans , reptiles , small mammals , seeds , grain and fruits and discarded waste from human habitation . It forages on the ground among grass for insects , and especially for grasshoppers , from which it gets the generic name Acridotheres , `` grasshopper hunter '' . It however feeds on a wide range of insects , mostly picked from the ground . It is a cross-pollinator of flowers such as Salmalia and Erythrina . It walks on the ground with occasional hops and is an opportunistic feeder on the insects disturbed by grazing cattle as well as fired grass fields . Roosting behaviour ( edit ) Common mynas roost communally throughout the year , either in pure or mixed flocks with jungle mynas , rosy starlings , house crows , jungle crows , cattle egrets and rose - ringed parakeets and other birds . The roost population can range from less than one hundred to thousands . The time of arrival of mynas at the roost starts before and ends just after sunset . The mynas depart before sunrise . The time and timespan of arrival and departure , time taken for final settlement at the roost , duration of communal sleep , flock size and population vary seasonally . The function of communal roosting is to synchronise various social activities , avoid predators , exchange information about food sources . Communal displays ( pre-roosting and post-roosting ) consist of aerial maneuvers which are exhibited in the pre-breeding season ( November to March ) . It is assumed that this behaviour is related to pair formation . Habitat ( edit ) A common myna visits a home garden in Colombo , Sri Lanka . This abundant passerine is typically found in open woodland , cultivation and around habitation . Although this is an adaptable species , its population has been decreasing significantly in Singapore and Malaysia ( where it is locally called as gembala kerbau , literally ' buffalo shepherd ' ) due to competition with its cousin , the introduced Javan myna . Urban success ( edit ) The common myna thrives in urban and suburban environments ; in Canberra , for instance , 110 common mynas were released between 1968 and 1971 . By 1991 , common myna population density in Canberra averaged 15 birds per square kilometer . Only three years later , a second study found an average population density of 75 birds per square kilometer in the same area . The bird likely owes its success in the urban and suburban settings of Sydney and Canberra to its evolutionary origins ; having evolved in the open woodlands of India , the common myna is pre-adapted to habitats with tall vertical structures and little to no vegetative ground cover , features characteristic of city streets and urban nature preserves . The common myna ( along with European starlings , house sparrows , and feral rock pigeons ) is a nuisance to city buildings ; its nests block gutters and drainpipes , causing water damage to building exteriors . Invasive species ( edit ) The IUCN declared this myna as one of only three birds among the world 's 100 worst invasive species ( the other two birds being the red - vented bulbul and the European starling . ) It has been introduced widely elsewhere , including adjacent areas in Southeast Asia , Madagascar , the Middle East , South Africa , Madagascar , Israel , the United States , Argentina , Germany , the United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand and various oceanic islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans , including prominent populations in Fiji and Hawaii . The common myna is regarded as a pest in South Africa , North America , the Middle East , Australia , New Zealand and many Pacific islands . It is particularly problematic in Australia . Several methods have been tried to control the bird 's numbers and protect native species . Australia ( edit ) In Sydney , Australia In Australia , the common myna is an invasive pest . They are now often the predominant bird in urban areas all along the East coast . In a 2008 popular vote , the bird was named `` The Most Important Pest / Problem '' in Australia , also earning the nickname `` flying rats '' due to their scavenging resembling that of rats . Also known as the cane toad of the sky . The common myna was first introduced to Australia in Victoria between 1863 and 1872 into Melbourne 's market gardens to control insects . The bird is likely to have spread to New South Wales ( where it is currently most populous ) at around the same time , but documentation is uncertain . The bird was later introduced to Queensland as a predator of grasshoppers and cane beetles . Currently , common myna populations in Australia are concentrated along the eastern coast around Sydney and its surrounding suburbs , with sparser populations in Victoria and a few isolated communities in Queensland . During 2009 several municipal councils in New South Wales began trials of catching myna birds in an effort to reduce numbers . The bird can live and breed in a wide range of temperatures , ranging from the harsh winters of Canberra to the tropical climate of Cairns . Self - sustaining populations of common myna have been found in regions of mean warmest month temperature no less than 23.2 ° C and mean coldest month temperature no less than - 0.4 ° C , implying that the common myna could potentially spread from Sydney northward along the eastern coast to Cairns and westward along the southern coast to Adelaide ( though not to Tasmania , Darwin , or the arid interior regions ) . New Zealand ( edit ) The Indian myna was introduced to both the North Island and South Island of New Zealand in the 1870s . However , the cooler summer temperatures in the South Island appear to have impeded the breeding success rate of the southern populations , preventing the proliferation of the species , which was largely non-existent there by the 1890s . In contrast , the North Island population was able to breed more successfully and large portions of the North Island are now populated . However , in the southern reaches of the North Island , the cooler summer temperatures , like those of the South Island , have prevented the establishment of large Indian myna populations . South Africa ( edit ) In South Africa where it escaped into the wild in 1902 , it has become very common and its distribution is greater where human populations are greater or where there is more human disturbance . The bird is also notorious for being a pest , kicking other birds out of their nests and killing their young due to the myna 's strong territorial instinct . In South Africa it is considered somewhat of a major pest and disturbance of the natural habitat ; as a result , they are frequently shot and killed or poisoned by people in urban environments and farmers alike . Bylaws in South Africa pertaining to the protection of most animal species specifically exclude mynas from this protection . Morphological studies show that the process of spatial sorting is at work on the range expansion of A. tristis in South Africa . Dispersal - relevant traits are significantly correlated with distance from the range core , with strong sexual dimorphism , indicative of sex - biased dispersal . Morphological variations are significant in wing and head traits of females , suggesting females as the primary dispersing sex . In contrast , traits not related to dispersal such as those associated with foraging show no signs of spatial sorting but are significantly affected by environmental variables such as vegetation and intensity of urbanisation . United States ( edit ) In Hawaii it is out - competing a lot of the native birds for food and nesting area . To study the invasion genetics and landscape - scale dynamics of A. tristis , scientists have recently developed 16 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers using the next generation sequencing ( NGS ) approach . Effect on ecosystems and humans ( edit ) Threat to native birds ( edit ) The common myna is a hollow - nesting species ; that is , it nests and breeds in protected hollows found either naturally in trees or artificially on buildings ( for example , recessed windowsills or low eaves ) . Compared to native hollow - nesting species , the common myna is extremely aggressive , and breeding males will actively defend areas ranging up to 0.83 hectares in size ( though males in densely populated urban settings tend to only defend the area immediately surrounding their nests ) . This aggressiveness has enabled the common myna to displace many breeding pairs of native hollow - nesters , thereby reducing their reproductive success . In Australia , their aggressiveness has enabled them to chase native birds as large as galahs out of their nests . The common myna is also known to maintain up to two roosts simultaneously ; a temporary summer roost close to a breeding site ( where the entire local male community sleeps during the summer , the period of highest aggression ) , and a permanent all - year roost where the female broods and incubates overnight . Both male and female common mynas will fiercely protect both roosts at all times , leading to further exclusion of native birds . Threat to crops and pasture ( edit ) The common myna ( which feeds mostly on ground - dwelling insects , tropical fruits such as grapes , plums and some berries and , in urban areas , discarded human food ) poses a serious threat to Australian blueberry crops , though its main threat is to native bird species . In Hawaii , where the common myna was introduced to control pest armyworms and cutworms in sugarcane crops , the bird has helped to spread the robust Lantana camara weed across the islands ' open grasslands . It also has been recorded as the fourth - ranking avian pest in the fruit industry by a 2004 survey of the Hawaiian Farm Bureau and the sixth in number of complaints of avian pests overall . Mynas can cause considerable damage to ripening fruit , particularly grapes , but also figs , apples , pears , strawberries , blueberries , guava , mangoes and breadfruit . Cereal crops such as maize , wheat and rice are susceptible where they occur near urban areas . Roosting and nesting commensal with humans create aesthetic and health concerns . Mynas are known to carry avian malaria and exotic parasites such as the Ornithonyssus bursia mite which can cause dermatitis in humans . The myna can help spread agricultural weeds : for example , it spreads the seeds of Lantana camara which has been classed as a Weed of National Significance because of its invasiveness . Mynas are regularly observed to usurp nests and hollows , destroy the eggs and kill the young of native bird species including seabirds and parrots . There is evidence that Mynas have killed small land mammals such as mice , squirrels and possums , but further research on these occurrences are under consideration . In culture ( edit ) The common myna widely appears under the name saarika in Indian culture from Vedic times , featuring both in classical Indian literature ( Sanskrit ) as well as in Prakrit Buddhist texts . The Sanskrit term shuksarika , which refers to the rose - ringed parakeet ( shuk ) and the common myna ( saarika ) , is used to indicate a pair or a couple , probably because both birds are vocal and capable of mimicking human sound . In Sanskrit literature , the common myna has a number of names , most are descriptive of the appearance or behaviour of the bird . In addition to saarika , the names for the common myna include kalahapriya , which means `` one who is fond of arguments '' referring to the quarrelsome nature of this bird ; chitranetra , meaning `` picturesque eyes '' ; peetanetra ( one with yellow eyes ) and peetapaad ( one with yellow legs ) . Gallery ( edit ) Immature at nest , West Bengal Captive Indian myna housed with Javan myna Carrying nesting material Common Myna at Morbi , Gujarat Basking Bathing in a rain water puddle Spotted in Patiala References ( edit ) Jump up ^ BirdLife International ( 2012 ) . `` Acridotheres tristis '' . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Version 2013.2 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved 26 November 2013 . Jump up ^ http://www.yimag.org.au/indian-myna-identification.html ^ Jump up to : Lowe S. , Browne M. , Boudjelas S. and de Poorter M. ( 2000 , updated 2004 ) . 100 of the World 's Worst Invasive Alien Species : A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database . The Invasive Species Specialist Group ( ISSG ) , a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission ( SSC ) of the World Conservation Union ( IUCN ) , Auckland . ^ Jump up to : `` ABC Wildwatch '' . Abc.net.au . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 07 . Jump up ^ Rasmussen , PC & JC Anderton ( 2005 ) . Birds of South Asia : The Ripley Guide . Vol 2 . Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions . p. 584 . ^ Jump up to : Ali , Salim ; Ripley , S. Dillon ( 2001 ) . Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan , Volume 5 ( 2 ( paperback ) ed . ) . India : Oxford University Press . p. 278 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 565938 - 4 . ^ Jump up to : Rasmussen , Pamela C. ; Anderton , John C. ( 2005 ) . Birds of South Asia - The Ripley Guide ( volume 2 ) . Smithsonian Institution , Washington & Lynx edicions , Barcelona . pp. 584 , 683 . ISBN 84 - 87334 - 66 - 0 . ^ Jump up to : `` Common Myna '' . Retrieved December 23 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Common Myna - Audubon Field Guide '' . Audubon . Retrieved 2 March 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Pande , Satish ( 2009 ) . Latin names of Indian birds explained . Mumbai : Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press . pp. 417 , 506 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 806625 - 5 . Jump up ^ Griffin , Andrea S. ( 2008 ) . `` Social learning in Indian mynahs , Acridotheres tristis : the role of distress calls '' . Animal Behaviour. 75 ( 1 ) : 79 -- 89 . doi : 10.1016 / j. anbehav. 2007.04. 008 . ^ Jump up to : Mahabal , Anil ; Vaidya , V.G. ( 1989 ) . `` Diurnal rhythms and seasonal changes in the roosting behaviour of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis ( Linnaeus ) '' . Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences ( Animal Science ) . Indian Academy of Sciences , Bangalore. 98 ( 3 ) : 199 -- 209 . doi : 10.1007 / BF03179646 . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Choudhury A. ( 1998 ) . `` Common Myna feeding a fledgling koel '' . Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society . 95 ( 1 ) : 115 . Jump up ^ Mahabal , Anil ( 1991 ) . `` Activity - time budget of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis ( Linnaeus ) during the breeding season '' . Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society . Bombay Natural History Society . 90 ( 1 ) : 96 -- 97 . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Pande , Satish ; Tambe , Saleel ; Clement , Francis M ; Sant , Niranjan ( 2003 ) . Birds of Western Ghats , Kokan and Malabar ( including birds of Goa ) . Mumbai : Bombay Natural History Society & Oxford University Press . pp. 312 , 377 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 566878 - 2 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Katie A. ; Taylor , Charlotte E. ; Major , Richard E. ( 2011 - 10 - 01 ) . `` Do Common Mynas significantly compete with native birds in urban environments ? '' . Journal of Ornithology. 152 ( 4 ) : 909 -- 921 . doi : 10.1007 / s10336 - 011 - 0674 - 5 . ISSN 0021 - 8375 . Jump up ^ Mathew , DN ; Narendran , TC ; Zacharias , VJ ( 1978 ) . `` A comparative study of the feeding habits of certain species of Indian birds affecting agriculture '' . J. Bombay Nat . Hist . Soc. 75 ( 4 ) : 1178 -- 1197 . Jump up ^ Mahabal , Anil ; Bastawade , D.B. ( 1991 ) . `` Mixed roosting associates of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis in Pune city , India '' . Pavo . Department of Zoology , Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad University , Vadodara. 29 ( 1 & 2 ) : 23 -- 32 . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Mahabal , Anil ( 1992 ) . `` Diurnal intra - and inter-specific assemblages of Indian Mynas '' . Biovigyanam . Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science , Pune. 18 ( 2 ) : 116 -- 118 . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Mahabal , Anil ; Bastawade , D.B. ; Vaidya , V.G. ( 1990 ) . `` Spatial and temporal fluctuations in the population of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis ( Linnaeus ) in and around an Indian City '' . Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society . Bombay Natural History Society , Mumbai. 87 ( 3 ) : 392 -- 398 . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Mahabal , Anil ( 1993 ) . `` Seasonal changes in the flocking behaviour of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis ( Linnaeus ) '' . Biovigyanam . Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science , Pune. 19 ( 1 & 2 ) : 55 -- 64 . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Mahabal , Anil ( 1997 ) . `` Communal roosting in Common Mynas and its functional significanca '' . Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society . Bombay Natural History Society , Mumbai. 94 ( 2 ) : 342 -- 349 . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Mahabal , Anil ( 1993 ) . `` Communal display behaviour of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis ( Linnaeus ) '' . Pavo . Department of Zoology , Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad University , Vadodara. 31 ( 1&2 ) : 45 -- 54 . Jump up ^ `` Ubiquitous Javan Myna '' . Bird Ecology Study Group , Nature Society ( Singapore ) . Besgroup.blogspot.com . Retrieved October 25 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Pell , A.S. ; C.R. Tidemann ( 1997 ) . `` The Ecology of the Common Myna in Urban Nature Reserves in the Australian Capital Territory '' ( PDF ) . Emu . Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union . 97 ( 2 ) : 141 -- 149 . doi : 10.1071 / MU97018 . Jump up ^ Pell 1997 , p. 146 Jump up ^ Pell 1997 , p. 141 Jump up ^ Bomford , M. ; Ron Sinclair ( 2002 ) . `` Australian research on bird pests : impact , management and future directions '' ( PDF ) . Emu . Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union . 102 : 35 . doi : 10.1071 / MU01028 . Jump up ^ Wilme , Lucienne ( 1996 ) . `` Composition and characteristics of bird communities in Madagascar '' ( PDF ) . Biogéographie de Madagascar : 349 -- 362 . Jump up ^ Long , John L. ( 1981 ) . Introduced Birds of the World . Agricultural Protection Board of Western Australia , 21 - 493 Jump up ^ Hone , J. ( 1978 ) . `` Introduction and Spread of the Common Myna in New South Wales '' ( PDF ) . Emu . Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union . 78 ( 4 ) : 227 . doi : 10.1071 / MU9780227 . Jump up ^ Martin , W.K. ( 1996 ) . `` The Current and Potential Distribution of the Common Myna Acridotheres tristis in Australia '' ( PDF ) . Emu . Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union . 96 ( 3 ) : 169 -- 170 . doi : 10.1071 / MU9960166 . Jump up ^ Vikki , By ( 2009 - 05 - 12 ) . `` Councils assessing backyard traps to catch Indian Mynah birds thetelegraph.com.au '' . Dailytelegraph.com.au . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 07 . Jump up ^ Martin 1996 , pp. 169 -- 170 Jump up ^ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/introduced-land-birds/page-9 Jump up ^ Derick S. Peacock ; Berndt J. van Rensburg & Mark P. Robertson ( 2007 ) . `` The distribution and spread of the invasive alien Common Myna , Acridotheres tristis L. ( Aves : Sturnidae ) , in southern Africa '' . South African Journal of Science . 103 : 465 -- 473 . Jump up ^ Berthouly - Salazar , C. ; van Rensburg , B.J. ; van Vuuren , B.J. ; Hui , C. ( 2012 ) . `` Spatial sorting drives morphological variation in the invasive bird , Acridotheres tristis '' . PLoS ONE . 7 ( 5 ) : e38145 . doi : 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0038145 . Jump up ^ Berthouly - Salazar , C. ; Cassey , P. ; van Vuuren , B.J. ; van Rensburg , B.J. ; Hui , C. ; le Roux , J.J. ( 2012 ) . `` Development and characterization of 13 new , and cross amplification of 3 , polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci in the Common myna ( Acridotheres tristis ) '' . Conservation Genetics Resources . 4 : 621 -- 624 . doi : 10.1007 / s12686 - 012 - 9607 - 8 . Jump up ^ Bomford 2002 , p. 34 ^ Jump up to : Pell 1997 , p. 148 Jump up ^ Pell 1997 , p. 147 Jump up ^ Bomford 2002 , p. 30 Jump up ^ Pimentel , D. ; Lori Lach ; Rodolfo Zuniga ; Doug Morrison ( January 2000 ) . `` Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States '' . BioScience . American Institute of Biological Sciences . 50 ( 1 ) : 53 -- 56 . doi : 10.1641 / 0006 - 3568 ( 2000 ) 050 ( 0053 : EAECON ) 2.3.CO ; 2 . Jump up ^ Koopman , ME & WC Pitt ( 2007 ) . `` Crop diversification leads to diverse bird problems in Hawaiian agriculture '' ( PDF ) . Human -- Wildlife Conflicts. 1 ( 2 ) : 235 -- 243 . Jump up ^ https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/biosecurity/vertebrate-pests/pest-animals-in-nsw/pest-birds/myna-birds Jump up ^ Pande , Dr Suruchi. ( 2007 ) . Some reflections on birds in Sanskrit literature . ( A Thesis submitted for the degree of Vidyavachaspati ( PhD ) ( Sanskrit ) awarded from Shri Balmukund Lohiya Centre of Sanskrit and Indological Studies , Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth , Pune ) . Jump up ^ Dave , K.N. ( 2005 ) . Birds in Sanskrit Literature ( revised ed . ) . Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass Private Ltd . pp. 468 , 516 . ISBN 81 - 208 - 1842 - 3 . Further reading ( edit ) Feare , Chris ; Craig , Adrian ( 1999 ) . Starlings and Mynas . Princeton University Press . ISBN 0 - 7136 - 3961 - X . Grimmett , Inskipp and Inskipp , Birds of India ISBN 0 - 691 - 04910 - 6 Pell , A.S. & Tidemann , C.R. ( 1997 ) `` The impact of two exotic hollow - nesting birds on two native parrots in savannah and woodland in eastern Australia '' , Biological Conservation , 79 , 145 - 153 . A study showing native birds being excluded from up to 80 % of nesting sites in Canberra , Australia . External links ( edit ) Common Myna videos , photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection ( Indian Myna =) Common Myna - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds . Indian Myna Control Handbook `` Acridotheres tristis '' . Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 23 February 2009 . Common Myna video on Wild Sri Lanka ANU Indian Common Myna page about mynas as an invasive species in Australia and what can be done to control them Taxon identifiers Wd : Q116667 ADW : Acridotheres_tristis ARKive : acridotheres - tristis eBird : commyn EoL : 1178476 EPPO : ACRHTR Fauna Europaea : 97249 GBIF : 2489005 iNaturalist : 204454 ITIS : 554025 IUCN : 22710921 NCBI : 279927 NZOR : 19c7edfa - 9ef8 - 443d - afcd - 60926519bbfa uBio : 2332984 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Common_myna&oldid=838420824 '' Categories : IUCN Red List least concern species Acridotheres Mynas Birds of Southern Africa Birds of South Asia Birds of Southeast Asia Birds of the Indian Ocean Birds of Oceania Birds of the Middle East Birds of Hawaii Invasive bird species Talking birds Urban animals Birds described in 1766 Hidden categories : Articles with ' species ' microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies Afrikaans অসমীয়া Asturianu বাংলা भोजपुरी Български Català Cebuano Čeština Cymraeg Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Français ગુજરાતી हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ Қазақша Кыргызча Кырык мары Latviešu Magyar मैथिली മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk nynorsk ଓଡ଼ିଆ Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray 中文 46 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 April 2018 , at 22 : 14 . 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Question: where did the indian myna bird come from


Timeline of the flag of the United States - wikipedia Timeline of the flag of the United States Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2007 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) 1776 January 1 -- The Continental Colours designed during 1775 , is displayed at the camp of the commanding General George Washington of Virginia over the Continental Army Revolutionary / Rebel forces in the American Revolutionary War at Prospect Hill , north of Cambridge and Boston , Massachusetts during the Siege of Boston . It has 13 alternate red and white stripes representing the original Thirteen Colonies and the British Union Jack flag , in a square in the upper left - hand corner . 1776 May -- A popular legend promulgated by the descendants of Betsy Ross , of Philadelphia , during the 1870s , over a century later , holds that the seamstress sewed the first American flag . The claim is widely discredited by researchers / historians . 1777 June 14 -- Continental Congress adopts the following : `` Resolved , That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes , alternate red and white ; that the union be thirteen stars , white in a blue field , representing a new constellation . '' 1787 Captain Robert Gray carries the flag around the world on his sailing vessel ( around the tip of South America , to China , and beyond ) . 1795 Flag with 15 stars and 15 stripes designed - often with unique red stripe under the blue field / canton ( added Vermont , Kentucky to the original Thirteen Colonies stars ) 1814 September 14 -- Francis Scott Key writes the four stanza poem `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' . It officially becomes the U.S.A. national anthem in 1931 . The unique 15 - star , 15 - stripe design with a red stripe under the blue canton with stars ( used 1795 - 1818 ) of the huge flag made by Mary Young Pickersgill later seen by Key flying over Fort McHenry outside Baltimore in September 1814 during the Battle of Baltimore in a British land / sea attack becomes known as the `` Star Spangled Banner Flag '' . 1818 Flag with 20 stars and returned to the 13 stripes design of alternating red and white colors of 1777 . It remains at 13 stripes hereafter to the present with only stars added for additional states admitted to the Union , on next following Independence Day , Fourth of July . ( Tennessee ( 1796 ) , Ohio ( 1803 ) , Louisiana ( 1812 ) , Indiana ( 1816 ) , Mississippi ( 1817 ) added from previous years ) . 1819 Flag with 21 stars ( Illinois ) 1820 Flag with 23 stars ( Alabama , Maine ) first flag on Pikes Peak , ( located in future Colorado ) 1822 Flag with 24 stars ( Missouri ) 1836 Flag with 25 stars ( Arkansas ) 1837 Flag with 26 stars ( Michigan ) 1845 Flag with 27 stars ( Florida ) 1846 Flag with 28 stars ( Texas ) 1847 Flag with 29 stars ( Iowa ) 1848 Flag with 30 stars ( Wisconsin ) 1851 Flag with 31 stars ( California ) 1858 Flag with 32 stars ( Minnesota ) 1859 Flag with 33 stars ( Oregon ) 1861 Flag with 34 stars ; ( Kansas ) Note : Even after the Southern states seceded from the Union , establishing the Confederate States of America , 16th President Abraham Lincoln would not allow any star to be removed from the American flag . First First National Flag of the Confederacy ( nicknamed `` The Stars and Bars '' ) adopted by provisional government in temporary capital in Montgomery , Alabama 1863 Flag with 35 stars ( West Virginia western counties withdrew from seceded Virginia ) 1865 Flag with 36 stars ( Nevada ) 1867 Flag with 37 stars ( Nebraska ) 1869 First flag on a U.S. postage stamp 1876 Flag with 38 stars ( Colorado ) 1889 Flag with 39 stars that never was . Flag manufacturers mistakenly believed that the two Dakotas would be admitted instead as one state and so manufactured this flag , some of which still exist . It was never an official flag . 1890 Flag with 43 stars ( North Dakota , South Dakota , Montana , Washington , Idaho ) 1891 Flag with 44 stars ( Wyoming ) 1892 `` Pledge of Allegiance '' first published in a magazine called `` The Youth 's Companion '' , written by Francis Bellamy . Revised in 1954 . 1896 Flag with 45 stars ( Utah ) 1897 Adoption of State Flag Desecration Statutes -- By the late 1800s an organized flag protection movement was born in reaction to perceived commercial and political misuse of the flag . After supporters failed to obtain federal legislation , Illinois , Pennsylvania , and South Dakota became the first States to adopt flag desecration statutes . By 1932 , all of the States had adopted flag desecration laws . In general , these State laws outlawed : ( i ) placing any kind of marking on the flag , whether for commercial , political , or other purposes ; ( ii ) using the flag in any form of advertising ; and ( iii ) publicly mutilating , trampling , defacing , defiling , defying or casting contempt , either by words or by act , upon the flag . Under the model flag desecration law , the term `` flag '' was defined to include any flag , standard , ensign , or color , or any representation of such made of any substance whatsoever and of any size that evidently purported to be said flag or a picture or representation thereof , upon which shall be shown the colors , the stars and stripes in any number , or by which the person seeing the same without deliberation may believe the same to represent the flag of the U.S. 1907 Halter v. Nebraska ( 205 U.S. 34 ) -- The U.S. Supreme Court held that although the flag was a federal creation , the States ' had the authority to promulgate flag desecration laws under their general police power to safeguard public safety and welfare . Halter involved a conviction of two businessmen selling `` Stars and Stripes '' brand beer with representations of the U.S. flag affixed to the labels . The defendants did not raise any constitutional First Amendment claim . 1908 Flag with 46 stars ( Oklahoma ) 1909 Explorer Robert Peary places the flag his wife sewed atop the North Pole . He left pieces of another flag along the way . He was never censured for his action . 1912 Flag with 48 stars ( New Mexico , Arizona ) completing `` Lower 48 '' continental U.S.A. Becomes longest serving flag of 48 years 1912 - 1960 , until later 50 - star flag surpasses in 2008 . 1931 Stromberg v. California ( 283 U.S. 359 ) -- The Supreme Court found that a State statute prohibiting the display of a `` red flag '' as a sign of opposition to organized government unconstitutionally infringed on the defendant 's First Amendment rights . Stromberg represented the Court 's first declaration that `` symbolic speech '' was protected by the First Amendment . 1942 Federal Flag Code ( 36 U.S.C. 171 et seq . ) -- On June 22 , 1942 , 32nd President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved the Federal Flag Code , providing for uniform guidelines for the display and respect shown to the flag . The Flag Code does not prescribe any penalties for non-compliance nor does it include any enforcement provisions , rather it functions simply as a guide for voluntary civilian compliance . 1943 West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette ( 319 U.S. 624 ) -- The Supreme Court held that public school children could not be compelled to salute the U.S. flag . In a now famous passage , Justice Robert Jackson highlighted the importance of freedom of expression under the First Amendment : Freedom to differ is not limited to things that do not matter much . That would be a mere shadow of freedom . The test of its substance is the right to differ as to things that touch the heart of the existing order . If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation it is that no official , high or petty , can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics , nationalism , religion or other matters of opinion . 1945 The flag that flew over Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii on Sunday , December 7 , 1941 , is flown over the White House on August 14 , 1945 , `` V-J Day '' when the Japanese accepted surrender terms . 1949 August 3 -- 34th President Harry Truman signs bill requesting the President call for a Flag Day ( June 14th ) observance each year by proclamation . 1954 By act of Congress , the words `` Under God '' are inserted into the Pledge of Allegiance 1959 Flag with 49 stars ( Alaska ) 1960 Flag with 50 stars ( Hawaii ) 1963 American Flag placed on top of Mount Everest in Himalayas Mountains in Nepal ( tallest in the world ) , by Barry Bishop . 1968 Adoption of Federal Flag Desecration Law ( 18 U.S.C. 700 et seq . ) -- Congress approved the first federal flag desecration law in the wake of a highly publicized Central Park flag burning incident in New York City in protest of the Vietnam War . The federal law made it illegal to `` knowingly '' cast `` contempt '' upon `` any flag of the United States by publicly mutilating , defacing , defiling , burning or trampling upon it . '' The law defined flag in an expansive manner similar to most States . 1969 July 20 -- Astronauts Neil Armstrong with Edwin `` Buzz '' Aldrin of Apollo 11 places the American flag on the Moon at `` Tranquillity Base '' . 1969 Street v. New York ( 394 U.S. 576 ) -- The Supreme Court held that New York State could not convict a person based on his verbal remarks disparaging the flag . Street was arrested after he learned of the shooting of civil rights leader James Meredith and reacted by burning his own flag and exclaiming to a small crowd that if the government could allow Meredith to be killed , `` we do n't need no damn flag . '' The Court avoided deciding whether flag burning was protected by the First Amendment , and instead overturned the conviction based on Street 's oral remarks . In Street , the Court found there was not a sufficient governmental interest to warrant regulating verbal criticism of the flag . 1972 Smith v. Goguen ( 415 U.S. 94 ) -- The Supreme Court held that Massachusetts could not prosecute a person for wearing a small cloth replica of the flag on the seat of his pants based on a State law making it a crime to publicly treat the flag of the United States with `` contempt '' . The Massachusetts statute was held to be unconstitutionally `` void for vagueness . '' 1974 Spence v. Washington ( 418 U.S. 405 ) -- The Supreme Court held that the State of Washington could not convict a person for attaching removable tape in the form of a peace sign to a flag . The defendant had attached the tape to his flag and draped it outside of his window in protest of the 1970 U.S. invasion of Cambodia and the Kent State killings . The Court again found under the First Amendment there was not a sufficient governmental interest to justify regulating this form of symbolic speech . Although not a flag burning case , this represented the first time the Court had clearly stated that protest involving the physical use of the flag should be seen as a form of protected expression under the First Amendment . 1970 -- 1980 Revision of State Flag Desecration Statutes -- During this period legislatures in some 20 States narrowed the scope of their flag desecration laws in an effort to conform to perceived Constitutional restrictions under the Street , Smith , and Spence cases and to more generally parallel the Federal Law ( i.e. , focusing more specifically on mutilation and other forms of physical desecration , rather than verbal abuse or commercial or political misuse ) . 1989 Texas v. Johnson ( 491 U.S. 397 ) -- The Supreme Court upheld the Texas Court of Criminal appeals finding that Texas law -- making it a crime to `` desecrate '' or otherwise `` mistreat '' the flag in a way the `` actor knows will seriously offend one or more persons '' -- was unconstitutional as applied . This was the first time the Supreme Court had directly considered the applicability of the First Amendment to flag burning . Gregory Johnson , a member of the Revolutionary Communist Party , was arrested during a demonstration outside of the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas after he set fire to a flag while protesters chanted `` America , the red , white , and blue , we spit on you . '' In a 5 -- 4 decision authored by Justice William Brennan , the Court first found that burning the flag was a form of symbolic speech subject to protection under the First Amendment . The Court also determined that under United States v. O'Brien , 391 U.S. 367 ( 1968 ) , since the State law was related to the suppression of freedom of expression , the conviction could only be upheld if Texas could demonstrate a `` compelling '' interest in its law . The Court next found that Texas ' asserted interest in `` protecting the peace '' was not implicated under the facts of the case . Finally , while the Court acknowledged that Texas had a legitimate interest in preserving the flag as a `` symbol of national unity '' , this interest was not sufficiently compelling to justify a `` content based '' legal restriction ( i.e. , the law was not based on protecting the physical integrity of the flag in all circumstances , but was designed to protect it from symbolic protest likely to cause offense to others ) . 1989 Revision of Federal Flag Desecration Statute -- Pursuant to the Flag Protection Act of 1989 , Congress amended the 1968 federal flag desecration statute in an effort to make it `` content neutral '' and conform to the Constitutional requirements of the Johnson case . As a result , the 1989 Act sought to prohibit flag desecration under all circumstances by deleting the statutory requirement that the conduct cast contempt upon the flag and narrowing the definition of the term `` flag '' so that its meaning was not based on the observation of third parties . 1990 - United States v. Eichman ( 496 U.S. 310 ) -- Passage of the Flag Protection Act of 1989 resulted in a number of flag burning incidents protesting the new law . The Supreme Court overturned several flag burning convictions brought under the Flag Protection Act . The Court held that notwithstanding Congress ' effort to adopt a more content neutral law , the federal law continued to be principally aimed at limiting symbolic speech . 1990 - Rejection of Constitutional Amendment -- Following the Eichman decision , Congress considered and rejected a Constitutional Amendment specifying that `` the Congress and the States have the power to prohibit the physical desecration of the flag of the United States . '' The amendment failed to muster the necessary two - thirds Congressional majorities , as it was supported by only a 254 -- 177 margin in the House ( 290 votes were necessary ) and a 58 -- 42 margin in the Senate ( 67 votes were necessary ) . 1995 -- The Flag Desecration Constitutional Amendment is narrowly defeated in the U.S. Senate . The Amendment to the Constitution would make burning the flag a punishable crime . 2005 - U.S. House of Representatives passes a new flag desecration constitutional amendment 2006 -- U.S. Senate rejects new constitutional amendment 2007 - The longevity in years used of the present 50 - star flag is now tied with that of the 48 - star flag , both having experienced 47 years of continuous use . After this date , the 50 - star flag became the longest - used version of the Flag of the United States of America . See also ( edit ) Book : Flags of the United States Flag Acts ( United States ) References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Congress , Joint Committee on Printing ( 1989 ) . Our Flag . Darby , PA : Diane Pub Co. p. 3 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7881 - 0219 - 6 . Jump up ^ Marc Leepson , `` Five myths about the American flag '' , The Washington Post , June 12 , 2011 , p . B2 . Jump up ^ `` Journals of the Continental Congress , 1774 -- 1789 , 8 : 464 '' . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_flag_of_the_United_States&oldid=830319764 '' Categories : Flags of the United States United States history timelines Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from February 2007 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014 Talk About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 14 March 2018 , at 02 : 27 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when was the 50th star added to the united states flag