Ouija - wikipedia Ouija Jump to : navigation , search ( show ) Part of a series of articles on the paranormal Main articles Afterlife Angel Astral projection Aura Bilocation Clairvoyance Close encounter Cold spot Conjuration Deity Demon Demonic possession Demonology Devil Ectoplasm Electronic voice phenomenon Exorcism Extrasensory perception Fairy Fear of ghosts Forteana Ghost Ghost hunting Ghost story God Haunted house Hypnosis Indigo children Magic Mediumship Miracle Occult Orb Ouija Paranormal Paranormal fiction Paranormal television Poltergeist Precognition Psychic Psychic reading Psychokinesis Psychometry Reincarnation Remote viewing Residual haunting Retrocognition Shadow people Soul Spirit photography Spirit possession Spirit world Spiritualism Stone Tape Supernatural Telepathy UFO UFO sightings Ufology Will - o ' - the - wisp Haunted locations United Kingdom United States World Articles on skepticism Cold reading Committee for Skeptical Inquiry Debunking Hoax James Randi Educational Foundation Magical thinking Prizes for evidence of the paranormal Pseudoskepticism Scientific skepticism Related articles on science , psychology , and logic Agnosticism Anomalistics Argument from ignorance Argumentum ad populum Bandwagon effect Begging the question Cognitive dissonance Communal reinforcement Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty Urban legend Related articles on Social change and Parapsychology Countermovement Death and culture Parapsychology Scientific literacy Social movement This article is about the spiritualist use of the ouija board . For other uses , see Ouija ( disambiguation ) . Not to be confused with Ouida . Original Ouija board created in 1894 Part of a series on ( hide ) Spiritualism Spirit Spiritualism Spiritualist beliefs Spiritism Practices Mediumship Faith healing Psychometry Automatic writing Related topics Afterlife Spirit world Spirit guide Shamanism Animism Psychic Clairvoyant Paranormal Occult Parapsychology The ouija ( / ˈwiːdʒə / WEE - jə or / ˈwiːdʒi / WEE - jee ) , also known as a spirit board or talking board , is a flat board marked with the letters of the alphabet , the numbers 0 -- 9 , the words `` yes '' , `` no '' , `` hello '' ( occasionally ) , and `` goodbye '' , along with various symbols and graphics . It uses a small heart - shaped piece of wood or plastic called a planchette . Participants place their fingers on the planchette , and it is moved about the board to spell out words . `` Ouija '' is a trademark of Hasbro , Inc. , but is often used generically to refer to any talking board . According to Hasbro , players take turns asking questions and then `` wait to see what the planchette spells out '' for them . Following its commercial introduction by businessman Elijah Bond on July 1 , 1890 , the ouija board was regarded as a parlor game unrelated to the occult until American spiritualist Pearl Curran popularized its use as a divining tool during World War I. Spiritualists believed that the dead were able to contact the living and reportedly used a talking board very similar to a modern ouija board at their camps in Ohio in 1886 to ostensibly enable faster communication with spirits . Some Christian denominations have `` warned against using ouija boards '' , holding that they can lead to demonic possession . Occultists , on the other hand , are divided on the issue , with some saying that it can be a positive transformation ; others reiterate the warnings of many Christians and caution `` inexperienced users '' against it . Paranormal and supernatural beliefs associated with Ouija have been harshly criticized by the scientific community , since they are characterized as pseudoscience . The action of the board can be parsimoniously explained by unconscious movements of those controlling the pointer , a psychophysiological phenomenon known as the ideomotor effect . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 China 1.2 Talking boards 1.3 Commercial parlor game 2 Scientific investigation 3 Use in creation of literature 4 Religious responses 5 Notable users 6 In popular culture 6.1 Books 6.2 Movies 6.3 Television 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links History ( edit ) China ( edit ) See also : Fuji ( planchette writing ) Wang Chongyang , founder of the Quanzhen School , depicted in Changchun Temple , Wuhan One of the first mentions of the automatic writing method used in the ouija board is found in China around 1100 AD , in historical documents of the Song Dynasty . The method was known as fuji `` planchette writing '' . The use of planchette writing as an ostensible means of necromancy and communion with the spirit - world continued , and , albeit under special rituals and supervisions , was a central practice of the Quanzhen School , until it was forbidden by the Qing Dynasty . Several entire scriptures of the Daozang are supposedly works of automatic planchette writing . According to one author , similar methods of mediumistic spirit writing have been practiced in ancient India , Greece , Rome , and medieval Europe . Talking boards ( edit ) As a part of the spiritualist movement , mediums began to employ various means for communication with the dead . Following the American Civil War in the United States , mediums did significant business in presumably allowing survivors to contact lost relatives . The ouija itself would be created and named in Baltimore , Maryland , in 1890 , but the use of talking boards was so common by 1886 that news reported the phenomenon taking over the spiritualists ' camps in Ohio . Commercial parlor Game ( edit ) A modern Ouija board plus planchette Businessman Elijah Bond had the idea to patent a planchette sold with a board on which the alphabet was printed , much like the previously existing talking boards . The patentees filed on May 28 , 1890 for patent protection and thus are credited with the invention of the Ouija board . Issue date on the patent was February 10 , 1891 . They received U.S. Patent 446,054 . Bond was an attorney and was an inventor of other objects in addition to this device . An employee of Elijah Bond , William Fuld , took over the talking board production . In 1901 , Fuld started production of his own boards under the name `` Ouija '' . Charles Kennard ( founder of Kennard Novelty Company which manufactured Fuld 's talking boards and where Fuld had worked as a varnisher ) claimed he learned the name `` Ouija '' from using the board and that it was an ancient Egyptian word meaning `` good luck . '' When Fuld took over production of the boards , he popularized the more widely accepted etymology : that the name came from a combination of the French and German words for `` yes '' . The Fuld name became synonymous with the Ouija board , as Fuld reinvented its history , claiming that he himself had invented it . The strange talk about the boards from Fuld 's competitors flooded the market , and all these boards enjoyed a heyday from the 1920s through the 1960s . Fuld sued many companies over the `` Ouija '' name and concept up until his death in 1927 . In 1966 , Fuld 's estate sold the entire business to Parker Brothers . Hasbro purchased the product line in 1991 and continues to hold all trademarks and patents . About ten brands of talking boards are sold today under various names . Scientific investigation ( edit ) The ouija phenomenon is considered by the scientific community to be the result of the ideomotor response . Michael Faraday first described this effect in 1853 , while investigating table - turning . Various studies have been produced , recreating the effects of the ouija board in the lab and showing that , under laboratory conditions , the subjects were moving the planchette involuntarily . A 2012 study found that when answering yes or no questions , ouija use was significantly more accurate than guesswork , suggesting that it might draw on the unconscious mind . Skeptics have described ouija board users as ' operators ' . Some critics noted that the messages ostensibly spelled out by spirits were similar to whatever was going through the minds of the subjects . According to Professor of neurology Terence Hines in his book Pseudoscience and the Paranormal ( 2003 ) : The planchette is guided by unconscious muscular exertions like those responsible for table movement . Nonetheless , in both cases , the illusion that the object ( table or planchette ) is moving under its own control is often extremely powerful and sufficient to convince many people that spirits are truly at work ... The unconscious muscle movements responsible for the moving tables and Ouija board phenomena seen at seances are examples of a class of phenomena due to what psychologists call a dissociative state . A dissociative state is one in which consciousness is somehow divided or cut off from some aspects of the individual 's normal cognitive , motor , or sensory functions . In the 1970s ouija board users were also described as `` cult members '' by sociologists , though this was severely scrutinised in the field . Ouija boards have been criticized in the press since their inception , having been variously described as `` ' vestigial remains ' of primitive belief - systems '' and a con to part fools from their money . Some journalists have described reports of ouija board findings as ' half truths ' and have suggested that their inclusion in national newspapers lowers the national discourse overall . Use in creation of literature ( edit ) Ouija boards have been the source of inspiration for literary works , used as guidance in writing or as a form of channeling literary works . As a result of Ouija boards ' becoming popular in the early 20th century , by the 1920s many `` psychic '' books were written of varying quality often initiated by ouija board use . Emily Grant Hutchings claimed that her novel Jap Herron : A Novel Written from the Ouija Board ( 1917 ) was dictated by Mark Twain 's spirit through the use of a Ouija board after his death . Pearl Lenore Curran ( February 15 , 1883 -- December 4 , 1937 ) , alleged that for over 20 years she was in contact with a spirit named Patience Worth . This symbiotic relationship produced several novels , and works of poetry and prose , which Pearl Curran claimed were delivered to her through channelling Worth 's spirit during sessions with a ouija board , and which works Curran then transcribed . In late 1963 , Jane Roberts and her husband Robert Butts started experimenting with a ouija board as part of Roberts ' research for a book on extra-sensory perception . According to Roberts and Butts , on December 2 , 1963 they began to receive coherent messages from a male personality who eventually identified himself as Seth , culminating in a series of books dictated by `` Seth '' . In 1982 , poet James Merrill released an apocalyptic 560 - page epic poem titled The Changing Light at Sandover , which documented two decades of messages dictated from the Ouija board during séances hosted by Merrill and his partner David Noyes Jackson . Sandover , which received the National Book Critics Circle Award in 1983 , was published in three volumes beginning in 1976 . The first contained a poem for each of the letters A through Z , and was called The Book of Ephraim . It appeared in the collection Divine Comedies , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1977 . According to Merrill , the spirits ordered him to write and publish the next two installments , Mirabell : Books of Number in 1978 ( which won the National Book Award for Poetry ) and Scripts for the Pageant in 1980 . Religious responses ( edit ) Since early in the ouija board 's history , it has been criticized by several Christian groups including Roman Catholics . Catholic Answers , a Christian apologetics organization , states that `` The Ouija board is far from harmless , as it is a form of divination ( seeking information from supernatural sources ) . '' In 2001 , Ouija boards were burned in Alamogordo , New Mexico , by fundamentalist groups alongside Harry Potter books as `` symbols of witchcraft . '' Religious criticism has also expressed beliefs that the Ouija board reveals information which should only be in God 's hands , and thus it is a tool of Satan . A spokesperson for Human Life International described the boards as a portal to talk to spirits and called for Hasbro to be prohibited from marketing them . Bishops in Micronesia called for the boards to be banned and warned congregations that they were talking to demons and devils when using the boards . Notable users ( edit ) Dick Brooks , of the Houdini Museum in Scranton , Pennsylvania , uses a Ouija board as part of a paranormal and seance presentation . Jane Roberts contacted Seth initially through the Ouija board an ' energy personality essence no longer focused in the physical world ' . The book Seth Speaks was an explanation of reality by Seth . G.K. Chesterton used a Ouija board in his teenaged years . Around 1893 , he had gone through a crisis of scepticism and depression , and during this period Chesterton experimented with the Ouija board and grew fascinated with the occult . Early press releases stated that Vincent Furnier 's stage and band name `` Alice Cooper '' was agreed upon after a session with a Ouija board , during which it was revealed that Furnier was the reincarnation of a 17th - century witch with that name . Alice Cooper later revealed that he just thought of the first name that came to his head while discussing a new band name with his band . Poet James Merrill used a Ouija board for years and even encouraged entrance of spirits into his body . Before he died , he recommended that people must not use Ouija boards . Former Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi claimed under oath that , in a séance held in 1978 with other professors at the University of Bologna , the `` ghost '' of Giorgio La Pira used a Ouija to spell the name of the street where Aldo Moro was being held by the Red Brigades . According to Peter Popham of The Independent : `` Everybody here has long believed that Prodi 's Ouija board tale was no more than an ill - advised and bizarre way to conceal the identity of his true source , probably a person from Bologna 's seething far - left underground whom he was pledged to protect . '' The Mars Volta wrote their album Bedlam in Goliath ( 2008 ) based on their alleged experiences with a Ouija board . According to their story ( written for them by a fiction author , Jeremy Robert Johnson ) , Omar Rodriguez Lopez purchased one while traveling in Jerusalem . At first the board provided a story which became the theme for the album . Strange events allegedly related to this activity occurred during the recording of the album : the studio flooded , one of the album 's main engineers had a nervous breakdown , equipment began to malfunction , and Cedric Bixler - Zavala 's foot was injured . Following these bad experiences the band buried the Ouija board . In the murder trial of Joshua Tucker , his mother insisted that he had carried out the murders while possessed by the Devil , who found him when he was using a Ouija board . Bill Wilson , the co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous , used a Ouija board and conducted seances in attempts to contact the dead . Much of William Butler Yeats 's later poetry was inspired , among other facets of occultism , by the Ouija board . Yeats himself did not use it , but his wife did . In London in 1994 , convicted murderer Stephen Young was granted a retrial after it was learned that four of the jurors had conducted a Ouija board séance and had `` contacted '' the murdered man , who had named Young as his killer . Young was convicted for a second time at his retrial and jailed for life . Aleister Crowley had great admiration for the use of the ouija board and it played a passing role in his magical workings . Jane Wolfe , who lived with Crowley at Abbey of Thelema , also used the Ouija board . She credits some of her greatest spiritual communications to use of this implement . Crowley also discussed the Ouija board with another of his students , and the most ardent of them , Frater Achad ( Charles Stansfeld Jones ) : it is frequently mentioned in their unpublished letters . In 1917 Achad experimented with the board as a means of summoning Angels , as opposed to Elementals . In one letter Crowley told Jones : `` Your Ouija board experiment is rather fun . You see how very satisfactory it is , but I believe things improve greatly with practice . I think you should keep to one angel , and make the magical preparations more elaborate . '' Over the years , both became so fascinated by the board that they discussed marketing their own design . Their discourse culminated in a letter , dated February 21 , 1919 , in which Crowley tells Jones , `` Re : Ouija Board . I offer you the basis of ten percent of my net profit . You are , if you accept this , responsible for the legal protection of the ideas , and the marketing of the copyright designs . I trust that this may be satisfactory to you . I hope to let you have the material in the course of a week . '' In March , Crowley wrote to Achad to inform him , `` I 'll think up another name for Ouija . '' But their business venture never came to fruition and Crowley 's new design , along with his name for the board , has not survived . Crowley has stated , of the Ouija Board that , There is , however , a good way of using this instrument to get what you want , and that is to perform the whole operation in a consecrated circle , so that undesirable aliens can not interfere with it . You should then employ the proper magical invocation in order to get into your circle just the one spirit you want . It is comparatively easy to do this . A few simple instructions are all that is necessary , and I shall be pleased to give these , free of charge , to any one who cares to apply . E.H. Jones and C.W. Hill , whilst prisoners of the Turks during the First World War , used a Ouija board to convince their captors that they were mediums as part of an escape plan . In popular culture ( edit ) Ouija boards have figured prominently in horror tales in various media as devices enabling malevolent spirits to spook their users . Most often , they make brief appearances , relying heavily on the atmosphere of mystery the board already holds in the mind of the viewer , in order to add credence to the paranormal presence in the story being told . Books ( edit ) In Stephen King 's post-apocalyptic novel The Stand , Nadine Cross is contacted by Randall Flagg ( also known as the dark man or Satan 's Imp ) twice via Ouija board . The first time is unintentionally , in college ; the second time , in post-plague Boulder , she deliberately opens herself up to the communication , with dire consequences . The Ouija Board ( Paranormal Adventure Series Book 1 ) by Shelby White centers on a group of friends who unintentionally release evil through their use of a Ouija board , as does The Harrowing by Alexandra Sokoloff . In For What It 's Worth by Janet Tashjian a boy uses a Ouija board to contact the spirits of Janis Joplin , Jimi Hendrix , and Jim Morrison . Issue # 79 of Bart Simpson , a comic book series based on The Simpsons , contains a story called `` The Demon '' in which Bart and Lisa find a Ouija board and unleash a demon . Issue # 10 of Bart Simpson 's Treehouse of horror contains the story `` Scareway to Heaven '' in which a Ouija board results in demon possession . The Invisible Histories of the Spiral Mountain ; or The Hymns of Melchizedek , an occult novel by Christopher of Detroit , contains several chapter that use the talking board for communication with the protagonist 's higher self . Movies ( edit ) The Uninvited , made in 1944 , features a scene with an impromptu board the characters put together . The 1973 blockbuster film , The Exorcist , also uses a ouija board to explain why the young girl becomes possessed . Alison 's Birthday has one too , with its claustrophobia - inducing filming , as do the films Deadly Messages and Awakenings . The earliest Western film to hinge its entire plot around the ( mis ) use of a Ouija board , Witchboard ( 1986 ) , makes a nod to The Exorcist ( where there is a sequence in which a board is used ) , with a main character called Linda , and her partner quipping `` So what you 're telling me is ... that I 'm living with Linda Blair ? '' Witchboard was so successful it spawned two sequels : Witchboard 2 : The Devil 's Doorway , and Witchboard III : The Possession . In the same year as the first of the trilogy , the film Spookies also had its own Ouija board scene . What Lies Beneath ( 2000 ) also includes a séance scene with a board . Paranormal Activity ( 2007 ) involved a violent entity haunting a couple that becomes powerful when the man uses a Ouija board , despite the woman 's objection . Another 2007 film , Ouija , depicted a group of adolescents whose use of the board causes a murderous spirit to follow them , while four years later , The Ouija Experiment portrayed a group of friends whose use of the board opens , and fails to close , a portal between the worlds of the living and the dead . The 2014 film Ouija featured a group of friends whose use of the board prompted a series of deaths . That film was followed by a 2016 prequel , Ouija : Origin of Evil , which also features the device . Television ( edit ) In season 1 episode 5 of The West Wing , the Ouija boards are mentioned by two characters who compare having a Ouija board to believing in UFO 's . In Season 3 Episode 8 of Reba ( TV series ) , Barbra Jean and Reba use an Ouija Board to try and clean Barbra Jean and Brock 's house after Reba convinced her that the house was haunted . While holding the séance Reba pretended to be a ghost causing Barbra Jean to scream and run up stairs . The electric then goes out and Barbra Jean screams once again . At the end of the episode Barbra Jean asked Reba if they should ask the board if Brock was being a good husband in Vegas and the planchette moved . Reba then jumped across the table into Barbra Jean 's arms . See also ( edit ) List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Dowsing Divided consciousness Dual consciousness Left brain interpreter Bicameralism ( psychology ) Alien hand syndrome Notes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` US Trademark Registration Number 0519636 under First Use in Commerce '' . tsdr.uspto.gov . Jump up ^ `` Ouija Board ( 2001 ) Instructions - Hasbro '' ( PDF ) . Hasbro.com . Hasbro , Inc . Retrieved 13 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Brunvand , Jan Harold ( 1998 ) . American folklore : an encyclopedia . Taylor & Francis . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8153 - 3350 - 0 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Strange and Mysterious History of the ouija Board '' . ^ Jump up to : Raising the devil : Satanism , new religions , and the media . University Press of Kentucky . Retrieved 31 December 2007 . Practically since its invention a century ago , mainstream Christian religions , including Catholicism , have warned against the use of oujia boards , claiming that they are a means of dabbling with Satanism ( Hunt 1985 : 93 - 95 ) . Occultists are divided on the oujia board 's value . Jane Roberts ( 1966 ) and Gina Covina ( 1979 ) express confidence that it is a device for positive transformation and they provide detailed instructions on how to use it to contact spirits and map the other world . But some occultists have echoed Christian warnings , cautioning inexperienced persons away from it . Jump up ^ Carlisle , Rodney P. ( 2 April 2009 ) . Encyclopedia of Play in Today 's Society . SAGE Publications . p. 434 . ISBN 9781412966702 . In particular , Ouija boards and automatic writing are kin in that they can be practiced and explained both by parties who see them as instruments of psychological discovery ; and both are abhorred by some religious groups as gateways to demonic possession , as the abandonment of will and invitation to external forces represents for them an act much like presenting an open wound to a germ - filled environment . ^ Jump up to : Heap , Michael . ( 2002 ) . Ideomotor Effect ( the Ouija Board Effect ) . In Michael Shermer . The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience . ABC - CLIO . pp. 127 - 129 . ISBN 1 - 57607 - 654 - 7 Jump up ^ Adams , Cecil ; Ed Zotti ( 3 July 2000 ) . `` How does a Ouija board work ? '' . The Straight Dope . Retrieved 6 July 2010 . Jump up ^ Carroll , Robert T. ( 31 October 2009 ) . `` Ouija board '' . Skeptic 's Dictionary . Retrieved 6 July 2010 . Jump up ^ French , Chris . ( 2013 ) . `` The unseen force that drives Ouija boards and fake bomb detectors '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 11 October 2014 . Jump up ^ Silvers , Brock . The Taoist Manual ( Honolulu : Sacred Mountain Press , 2005 ) , p. 129 -- 132 . Jump up ^ Chao Wei - pang. 1942 . `` The origin and Growth of the Fu Chi '' , Folklore Studies 1 : 9 -- 27 ^ Jump up to : Orlando , Eugene . `` Ancient Ouija Boards : Fact ot Fiction ? '' . Museum of Talking Boards . Retrieved 24 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Cornelius , J.E. Aleister Crowley and the Ouija Board , pp. 20 -- 21 . Feral House , 2005 . ^ Jump up to : Burgess , Cheryl A ; Irving Kirsch ; Howard Shane ; Kristen L. Niederauer ; Steven M. Graham ; Alyson Bacon . `` Facilitated Communication as an Ideomotor Response '' . Psychological Science . Blackwell Publishing . 9 ( 1 ) : 71 . doi : 10.1111 / 1467 - 9280.00013 . JSTOR 40063250 . ^ Jump up to : Gauchou HL ; Rensink RA ; Fels S. ( 2012 ) . Expression of nonconscious knowledge via ideomotor actions . Conscious Cogn. 21 ( 2 ) : 976 - 982 . Jump up ^ Shenefelt PD. ( 2011 ) . Ideomotor signaling : from divining spiritual messages to discerning subconscious answers during hypnosis and hypnoanalysis , a historical perspective . Am J Clin Hypn. 53 ( 3 ) : 157 - 167 . Jump up ^ Faraday , Michael ( 1853 ) . `` Experimental investigation of table - moving '' . Journal of the Franklin Institute . 56 ( 5 ) : 328 -- 333 . doi : 10.1016 / S0016 - 0032 ( 38 ) 92173 - 8 . Jump up ^ Chisholm , Hugh , ed. ( 1911 ) . `` Table - turning '' . Encyclopædia Britannica ( 11th ed . ) . Cambridge University Press . Jump up ^ Garrow , Hattie Brown ( 1 December 2008 ) . `` Suffolk 's Lakeland High teens find their own answers '' . The Virginian - Pilot . Jump up ^ Dickerson , Brian ( 6 February 2008 ) . `` Crying rape through a Ouija board '' . Detroit Free Press . McClatchy -- Tribune Business News . ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . Jump up ^ Tucker , Milo Asem ( Apr 1897 ) . `` Comparative Observations on the Involuntary Movements of Adults and Children '' . The American Journal of Psychology . University of Illinois Press . 8 ( 3 ) : 402 . JSTOR 1411486 . Jump up ^ Hines , Terence. ( 2003 ) . Pseudoscience and the Paranormal . Prometheus Books . p. 47 . ISBN 1 - 57392 - 979 - 4 Jump up ^ Robbins , Thomas ; Dick Anthony ( 1979 ) . `` The Sociology of Contemporary Religious Movements '' . Annual Review of Sociology . Annual Reviews . 5 : 81 -- 7 . doi : 10.1146 / annurev. so. 05.080179. 000451 . JSTOR 2945948 . Jump up ^ Howerth , I.W. ( Aug 1927 ) . `` Science and Religion '' . The Scientific Monthly . American Association for the Advancement of Science . 25 ( 2 ) : 151 . doi : 10.2307 / 7828 . JSTOR 7828 . Jump up ^ Lloyd , Alfred H. ( Sep 1921 ) . `` Newspaper Conscience -- A Study in Half - Truths '' . The American Journal of Sociology . The University of Chicago Press . 27 ( 2 ) : 198 -- 205 . doi : 10.1086 / 213304 . JSTOR 2764824 . Jump up ^ White , Stewart Edward ( March 1943 ) . The Betty Book . USA : E.P. Dutton & CO. , Inc . pp. 14 -- 15 . ISBN 0 - 89804 - 151 - 1 . Jump up ^ `` Book Review - Jap Herron '' . Twainquotes.com . Retrieved 11 June 2012 . Jump up ^ ESP Power , by Jane Roberts ( 2000 ) ( introductory essay by Lynda Dahl ) . ISBN 0 - 88391 - 016 - 0 Jump up ^ `` All Past National Book Critics Circle Awards Winners and Finalists '' . National Book Critics Circle . Retrieved 24 April 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Past winners & finalists by category '' . The Pulitzer Prizes . Pulitzer.org . Retrieved 6 April 2012 . Jump up ^ `` National Book Awards -- 1979 '' . National Book Foundation . Retrieved 6 April 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Are Ouija boards harmless ? '' . Catholic Answers . 1996 . Retrieved 25 October 2014 . Jump up ^ Ishizuka , Kathy ( 1 February 2002 ) . `` Harry Potter book burning draws fire '' . School Library Journal . New York . 48 ( 2 ) : 27 . Jump up ^ `` Book banning spans the globe '' . Houston Chronicle. 3 October 2002 . Jump up ^ LaRocca , Lauren ( 13 July 2007 ) . `` The Potter phenomenon '' . The Frederick News - Post . Jump up ^ Zyromski , Page McKean ( October 2006 ) . `` Facts for Teaching about Halloween '' . Catechist MAgazine . Jump up ^ Smith , Hortense ( 7 February 2010 ) . `` Pink Ouija Board Declared `` A Dangerous Spiritual Game , '' Possibly Destroying Our Children ( The Craft ) `` . Jezebel . Jump up ^ Dernbach , Katherine Boris ( Spring 2005 ) . `` Spirits of the Hereafter : Death , Funerary Possession , and the Afterlife in Chuuk , Micronesia '' . Ethnology . Pittsburgh . 44 ( 2 ) : 99 . doi : 10.2307 / 3773992 . JSTOR 3773992 . Jump up ^ `` Psych Theater '' . psychictheater.com . Jump up ^ Chesterton , G.K. ( 2006 ) . Autobiography . Ignatius Press . p. 77ff . ISBN 1586170716 . Jump up ^ `` Alice Cooper Biography '' . The Rock Radio . Jump up ^ Hunt , Stoker . Ouija : The Most Dangerous Game . Chapter 6 , pages 44 -- 50 . Jump up ^ Popham , Peter ( 2 December 2005 ) . `` The seance that came back to haunt Romano Prodi '' . The Independent . Retrieved 3 April 2010 . Jump up ^ `` The Bedlam in Goliath Offers Weird Ouija Tale of The Mars Volta '' . Alarm Magazine . 2007 . Jump up ^ Horton , Paula ( 15 March 2008 ) . `` Teen gets 41 years in Benton City slayings '' . McClatchy -- Tribune Business News . Jump up ^ Horton , Paula ( 26 January 2008 ) . `` Mom says son influenced by Satan on day of Benton City slayings '' . McClatchy -- Tribune Business News -- via Boxden . Jump up ^ Raphael , Matthew J. ( May 2002 ) . Bill W. and Mr. Wilson : The Legend and Life of A.A. 's Cofounder . Univ of Massachusetts Press . p. 159 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55849 - 360 - 5 . Retrieved 24 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Conradt , Stacy ( 21 October 2010 ) . `` The Quick 10 : 10 Famous Uses of the Ouija Board '' . Mental Floss . Jump up ^ Mills , Heather ( 25 October 1994 ) . `` Retrial order in ' Ouija case ' '' . The Independent . Retrieved 11 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Spencer , J.R. ( November 1995 ) . `` Seances , and the Secrecy of the Jury -- Room '' . The Cambridge Law Journal . 54 ( 3 ) : 519 -- 522 . doi : 10.1017 / S0008197300097282 . JSTOR 4508123 . Jump up ^ `` Jury deliberations may be studied '' . BBC News . 22 January 2005 . Retrieved 11 June 2012 . Jump up ^ `` ' Ouija board ' appeal dismissed '' . BBC News . 7 December 2004 . Retrieved 18 October 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Cornelious , J. Edward Aleister Crowley and the Ouija Board 2005 ISBN 978 - 1 - 932595 - 10 - 9 Jump up ^ Mini site J. Edward 's book , Aleister Crowley and the Ouija Board Jump up ^ `` Jones , Elias Henry '' . National Library of Wales Welsh Biography Online . Jump up ^ `` THE OUIJA EXPERIMENT '' . PHASE 4 FILMS . Phase 4 Films Inc. n.d . Retrieved 23 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Ouija Experiment ( 2014 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . References ( edit ) Cain , D. Lynn , `` OUIJA -- For the Record '' 2009 ISBN 978 - 0 - 557 - 15871 - 3 Carpenter , W.B. , `` On the Influence of Suggestion in Modifying and directing Muscular Movement , independently of Volition '' , Royal Institution of Great Britain , ( Proceedings ) , 1852 , ( 12 March 1852 ) , pp. 147 -- 153 . Cornelius , J. Edward , Aleister Crowley and the Ouija Board . Feral House , 2005 . ISBN 1 - 932595 - 10 - 4 Gruss , Edmond C. , The Ouija Board : A Doorway to the Occult 1994 ISBN 0 - 87552 - 247 - 5 Hunt , Stoker , Ouija : The Most Dangerous Game . 1992 ISBN 0 - 06 - 092350 - 4 Hill , Joe , Heart - Shaped Box Murch , R. , `` A Brief History of the Ouija Board '' , Fortean Times , No. 249 , ( June 2009 ) , pp. 32 -- 33 . Schneck , R.D. , `` Ouija Madness '' , Fortean Times , No. 249 , ( June 2009 ) , pp. 30 -- 37 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ouija . Information on talking boards Museum Of Talking Boards The Official Website of William Fuld and home of the Ouija board Skeptics Ouija board helps psychologists probe the subconscious from New Scientist The Skeptics ' Dictionary : Ouija An Encyclopedia of Claims , Frauds , and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural How does a Ouija board work ? from The Straight Dope Do Ouija Boards Work - The Fact and Fiction Trade marks and patents Trade - Mark Registration : `` Ouija '' ( Trademark no . 18,919 ; 3 February 1891 : Kennard Novelty Company ) `` Ouija or Egyptian Luck Board '' ( patent no. 446,054 ; 10 February 1891 : Elijah J. Bond -- assigned to Charles W. Kennard and William H.A. Maupin ) `` Talking - Board '' ( patent no. 462,819 ; 10 November 1891 : Charles W. Kennard ) `` Game Apparatus '' ( patent no . 479,266 : 19 July 1892 : William Fuld ) `` Game Apparatus '' ( patent no . 619,236 : 7 February 1899 : Justin F. Simonds ) `` Ouija or Talking Board '' ( patent no. 1,125,833 ; 19 January 1915 : William Fuld ) `` Design for the Movable Member of a Talking - Board '' ( patent no. D56 , 001 ; 10 August 1920 : William Fuld ) `` Design of Finger - Rest and Pointer for a Game '' ( patent no . D56 , 085 ; 10 August 1920 : John Vanderkamp -- assigned to Goldsmith Publishing Company ) `` Message Interpreting Device '' or `` Psychic Messenger '' ( patent no. 1,352,046 ; 7 September 1920 : Frederick H. Black ) `` Design for the Movable Member of a Talking - Board '' ( patent no. D56 , 001 ; 10 August 1920 : William Fuld ) `` Ouija Board '' ( patent no. D56 , 449 ; 26 October 1920 : Clifford H. McGlasson ) `` Psychic Game '' ( patent no. 1,370,249 ; 1 March 1921 : Theodore H. White ) `` Ouija Board '' ( patent no. 1,400,791 ; 20 December 1921 : Harry M. Bigelow ) `` Game Board '' ( patent no. 1,422,042 ; 4 July 1922 : John R. Donnelly ) `` ( Magnetic ) Toy '' ( patent no. 1,422,775 ; 11 July 1922 : Leon Martocci - Pisculli ) `` Psychic Instrument '' ( patent no. 1,476,158 ; 4 December 1923 : Grover C. Haffner ) `` Game '' ( patent no. 1,514,260 ; 4 November 1924 : Alfred A. Rees ) `` Amusement Device '' ( patent no. 1,870,677 ; 9 August 1932 : William A. Fuld ) `` Amusement Device '' ( patent no. 2,220,455 ; 5 November 1940 : John P. McCarthy ) `` Finger Pressure Actuated Message Interpreting Amusement Device '' ( patent no. 2,511,377 ; 13 June 1950 : Raymond S. Richmond ) `` Message Device With Freely Swingable Pointer '' ( patent no. 3,306,617 ; 28 February 1967 : Thomas W. Gillespie ) Other `` ' Ouija board ' appeal ( against second guilty verdict ) dismissed '' -- R. v. Young ( 1995 ) BBC video on Ouija Board Ouija at Curlie ( based on DMOZ ) Spiritualism and spiritism History and beliefs Apport Automatic writing Cross-correspondences Ectoplasm Materialization Mediumship Séance Spirit guides Spiritual healing Spirit obsession Spirit photography Spirit possession Spirit world Table - turning Theism Spiritualists Derek Acorah Rosemary Altea Charles Bailey Ada Besinnet Eddy Brothers Bangs Sisters Stephen E. Braude Rosemary Brown Sylvia Browne Eva Carrière Doris Collins Florence Cook Mina Crandon William Crookes Geraldine Cummins Pearl Curran Frank Decker Arthur Conan Doyle Helen Duncan Harry Edwards John Edward William Eglinton Colin Evans Fox sisters Leslie Flint Arthur Ford Colin Fry Eileen Garrett Kathleen Goligher Rita Goold Jan Guzyk Robert Hare Alec Harris Gordon Higginson Richard Hodgson Daniel Dunglas Home Elizabeth Hope William Hope Cecil Husk Swami Laura Horos James H. 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Question: when did the ouija board game come out


America 's Next Top Model ( cycle 20 ) - wikipedia America 's Next Top Model ( cycle 20 ) Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) America 's Next Top Model ( cycle 20 ) Cycle 20 cast Country of origin United States No. of episodes 16 Release Original network The CW Original release August 2 -- November 15 , 2013 Additional information Judges Tyra Banks Kelly Cutrone Rob Evans No. of contestants 16 Winner Jourdan Miller Cycle chronology ← Previous Cycle 19 Next → Cycle 21 Season summary The twentieth cycle of America 's Next Top Model ( subtitled as America 's Next Top Model : Guys & Girls and stylized as ANTM 2.0 ) premiered on August 2 , 2013 . It is the 14th season to air on The CW . Tyra Banks , Kelly Cutrone , Bryanboy , and Rob Evans all returned as judges . As in the previous cycle , public voting is still a factor in eliminations . The catchphrase for this cycle is `` Who Will Dominate ? '' . This is the only cycle of America 's Next Top Model to include more than 14 contestants , as well as the first cycle to feature male contestants . This is also the first cycle to have more than 13 episodes . The international destination for this cycle was Bali , Indonesia . The winner was 19 - year - old Jourdan Miller from Bend , Oregon . Contents ( hide ) 1 Prizes 2 Contestants 3 Episode summaries 3.1 Meet the Guys & Girls of Cycle 20 -- Part 1 3.2 Meet the Guys & Girls of Cycle 20 -- Part 2 3.3 The Girl Who Gets Married Again 3.4 The Guy Who Gets a Weave 3.5 The Girl Who Went Around in Circles 3.6 The Guy Who Gets to Kiss the Girl 3.7 The Girl Who is Scared of Clowns 3.8 The Guy Who Cries 3.9 The Girl Whose Walk is TOO Good 3.10 The Guys and Girls Get Flirty 3.11 The Girl Who Gets Punked 3.12 The Guy Who Has a Panic Attack 3.13 The Girl Who Gets Kissed on an Elephant 3.14 The Guy Who Becomes a Bat 3.15 Finale Part 1 : The Finalists Shoot Their Guess Campaign 3.16 Finale Part 2 : The Guy or Girl Who Becomes America 's Next Top Model 4 The Comeback Series 5 Summaries 5.1 Call - out order 5.2 Scoring chart 5.3 Photo shoot guide 5.4 Makeovers 6 Ratings 7 Post-Top Model careers 8 References Prizes ( edit ) The prizes for this cycle are : a modeling contract with NEXT Model Management , a spread in Nylon magazine , and a US $100,000 campaign with Guess . The following prizes were removed for this cycle : a modeling contract with LA Models & NY Model Management , the face of the America 's Next Top Model fragrance `` Dream Come True '' , and campaigns with Nine West and Smashbox Cosmetics . Contestants ( edit ) ( ages stated are at start of contest ) Contestant Age Height Hometown Finish Place Bianca Alexa 18 1.77 m ( 5 ft 9 ⁄ in ) Los Angeles , California Episode 3 16 Chris Schellenger 24 1.76 m ( 5 ft 9 ⁄ in ) Houston , Texas 15 Chlea Ramirez 20 1.78 m ( 5 ft 10 in ) Bear , Delaware Episode 4 14 Mike Scocozza 27 1.95 m ( 6 ft 5 in ) Los Angeles , California Episode 5 13 Kanani Andaluz 19 1.71 m ( 5 ft 7 ⁄ in ) Chicago , Illinois Episode 7 12 Jiana Davis 20 1.78 m ( 5 ft 10 in ) Denver , Colorado Episode 8 11 Phil Sullivan 24 1.92 m ( 6 ft 3 ⁄ in ) Lanesborough , Massachusetts Episode 9 10 Alex Agro 21 1.76 m ( 5 ft 9 ⁄ in ) Palm City , Florida Episode 11 9 Don Benjamin 25 1.83 m ( 6 ft 0 in ) Minneapolis , Minnesota Episode 12 8 Nina Burns 18 1.74 m ( 5 ft 8 ⁄ in ) Berkeley Heights , New Jersey Episode 13 7 Jeremy Rohmer 19 1.90 m ( 6 ft 3 in ) Mission Viejo , California 6 Renee Bhagwandeen 24 1.73 m ( 5 ft 8 in ) Fort Lauderdale , Florida Episode 14 5 Chris Hernandez 25 1.86 m ( 6 ft 1 in ) North Bergen , New Jersey Cory Hindorff 22 1.88 m ( 6 ft 2 in ) Philadelphia , Pennsylvania Episode 16 Marvin Cortes 20 1.85 m ( 6 ft 1 in ) The Bronx , New York Jourdan Miller 19 1.85 m ( 6 ft 1 in ) Bend , Oregon Episode summaries ( edit ) Meet the Guys & Girls of Cycle 20 -- Part 1 ( edit ) Original Airdate : August 2 , 2013 ( 8 / 7c ) Meet the Guys & Girls of Cycle 20 -- Part 2 ( edit ) Original Airdate : August 2 , 2013 ( 9 / 8c ) Special guests : Paul Marciano The Girl Who Gets Married Again ( edit ) Original Airdate : August 9 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Chal . Media Total Marvin 9 9 10 8 6.1 42.1 Don 9 8 9 6 7.1 39.1 Chris H . 9 8 10 6 6.1 39.1 Jiana 8 7 9 6 7.5 37.5 5 Alex 8 7 7 7 7.7 36.7 6 Cory 8 7 6 7 7.6 35.6 7 Jeremy 5 8 6 7 7.6 33.6 8 Renee 6 5 7 9 5.6 32.6 9 Nina 7 5 6 7 7.2 32.2 10 Jourdan 5 7 6 6 7.9 31.9 11 Kanani 7 5 7 6 6.9 31.9 12 Chlea 7 8 6 6.6 31.6 13 Phil 6 5 7 7 5.9 30.9 14 Mike 7 6 7 5 5.4 30.4 15 Chris S . 6 6 5 7 5.4 29.4 16 Bianca 5 6 7 5 6.2 29.2 Featured photographer : Douglas Friedman Special guests : Jessica Hart The Guy Who Gets a Weave ( edit ) Original Airdate : August 16 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Media Total Mike 10 8 9 7.5 34.5 Jiana 9 7 9 8.8 33.8 Jourdan 8 8 9 7.8 32.8 Nina 8 8 6 8.6 30.6 5 Chris H . 8 7 6 8.8 29.6 6 Cory 8 7 6 7.8 28.8 7 Alex 8 6 7 7.8 28.8 8 Kanani 7 8 8 5.8 28.8 9 Renee 7 7 9 5.7 28.7 10 Marvin 9 6 6 6.8 26.8 11 Phil 7 5 6 6.7 24.7 12 Jeremy 6 6 6 6.6 24.6 13 Don 5 5 6 6.6 22.6 14 Chlea 6 6 6 4.2 22.2 Featured photographer : Sarah Silver Special guests : Alessandra Ambrosio , Chad Kenyon , Yuki Tomoyuki , Harry Karp , Adrian Mekertichian , Christopher The Girl Who Went Around in Circles ( edit ) Original Airdate : August 23 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Chal . Media Total Jourdan 9 8 10 10 8.1 45.1 Nina 10 9 8 7 8.5 42.5 Phil 8 9 9 9 6.5 41.5 Don 9 8 8 8 7.7 40.7 5 Chris H . 8 8 9 9 6.6 40.6 6 Marvin 9 9 7 8 7.1 40.1 7 Jiana 8 9 7 7 9.0 40.0 8 Cory 8 8 9 7 6.1 38.1 9 Kanani 9 6 8 7 7.7 37.7 10 Alex 8 7 8 6 8.0 37.0 11 Renee 7 7 7 9 5.7 35.7 12 Jeremy 7 7 6 6 7.2 33.2 13 Mike 8 8 6 6 5.1 33.1 Featured photographer : Mark `` The Cobra Snake '' Hunter Special guests : Marvin Scott Jarrett , Ashton Michael , Kimberley Gordon , Caroline D'Amore , Sugar Pop Pop The Guy Who Gets to Kiss the Girl ( edit ) Original Airdate : August 30 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Chal . Media Total Cory 10 10 8 9 8.7 45.7 Kanani 10 10 10 8 7.6 45.6 Don 9 9 9 8 7.6 42.6 Phil 9 8 9 9 7.4 42.4 5 Jourdan 8 7 10 8 8.2 41.2 6 Chris H . 10 7 8 9 6.3 40.3 7 Jeremy 8 7 7 10 7.5 39.5 8 Renee 6 9 9 7 6.4 37.4 9 Nina 9 7 7 7 6.9 36.9 10 Marvin 8 8 7 6 6.7 35.7 11 Jiana 6 8 8 6 7.5 35.5 12 Alex 6 8 6 7 7.7 34.7 Featured commercial director : Jeremy Rowley Special guests : Perez Hilton The Girl Who is Scared of Clowns ( edit ) Original Airdate : September 6 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Chal . Media Total Jourdan 8 9 9 9 9.2 44.2 Marvin 10 9 9 7 8.0 43.0 Cory 9 9 10 6 8.2 42.2 Chris H . 10 8 9 6 6.8 39.8 5 Don 8 7 9 7 8.0 39.0 6 Renee 7 7 7 9 6.9 37.9 7 Nina 8 7 6 7 8.9 36.9 8 Jiana 5 7 9 6 7.3 34.3 9 Phil 8 7 7 6 6.1 34.1 10 Kanani 5 9 5 9 5.9 33.9 11 Jeremy 7 5 5 7 7.0 31.0 Featured photographer : Franco Lacosta Special guests : Jackie Fraser - Swan The Guy Who Cries ( edit ) Original Airdate : September 13 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Chal . Media Total Jourdan 10 10 10 7 7.5 44.5 Renee 10 7 8 7 5.9 37.9 Nina 8 9 7 8 5.9 37.9 Chris H . 7 9 8 7 5.8 36.8 5 Cory 9 8 8 5 5.3 35.3 6 Don 6 7 8 9 5.3 35.3 7 Marvin 8 7 9 6 4.0 34.0 8 Phil 7 5 6 5 4.0 27.0 9 Jiana 7 5 6 5 3.9 26.9 Featured photographer : Udo Spreitzenbarth Special guests : Monica Rose The Girl Whose Walk is TOO Good ( edit ) Original Airdate : September 20 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Chal . Media Total Chris H . 10 10 9 8 6.1 43.1 Nina 10 9 9 7 7.6 42.6 Renee 9 7 10 10 5.3 41.3 Cory 8 8 9 8 5.5 38.5 5 Jourdan 6 9 9 6 7.1 37.1 6 Don 8 7 7 9 5.9 36.9 7 Marvin 8 8 6 6 3.9 31.9 8 Phil 5 7 6 8 4.3 30.3 Featured photographer : Matthew Jordan Smith Special guests : Alexis Borges , Paulie Gibson , Daniela Zeltzer , Brad Schwartz The Guys and Girls Get Flirty ( edit ) Original Airdate : September 27 , 2013 The Girl Who Gets Punked ( edit ) Original airdate : October 4 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Chal . Media Total Nina 10 9 10 8 6.9 43.9 Don 10 7 9 8 6.1 40.1 Renee 9 10 9 7 4.7 39.7 Jourdan 7 8 7 9 6.1 37.1 5 Cory 10 7 8 6 6.0 37.0 6 Jeremy 9 8 6 7 5.7 35.7 7 Marvin 7 8 8 7 5.7 35.7 8 Chris H . 7 9 7 6 5.8 34.8 9 Alex 7 7 7 8 5.5 34.5 Featured photographer : Sarah Silver Special guests : Reggie Watts , Zendaya , Shaun Ross , Ken Mok The Guy Who Has a Panic Attack ( edit ) Original Airdate : October 11 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Chal . Media Total Nina 10 9 6 6 7.3 38.3 Renee 8 8 7 10 3.9 36.9 Jeremy 7 7 8 8 6.8 36.8 Cory 9 9 6 6 5.4 35.4 5 Jourdan 6 8 7 9 4.9 34.9 6 Chris H . 6 9 6 8 4.5 33.5 7 Marvin 8 7 6 6 5.6 32.6 8 Don 6 7 9 5 5.3 32.3 Featured photographer : Lennette Newell Special guests : Carole Lacroix , Laura Fuest The Girl Who Gets Kissed on an Elephant ( edit ) Original Airdate : October 18 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Media Total Jourdan 10 9 7 7 33.0 Marvin 9 9 9 5.7 32.7 Cory 9 9 6 6 30.0 Renee 7 7 10 5.2 29.2 5 Chris H . 8 7 8 5.5 28.5 6 Jeremy 7 7 7 6.7 27.7 7 Nina 8 6 6 6.9 26.9 Featured Photographer : Jez Smith Special Guests : Oka Diputra , Rafi A. Ridwan The Guy Who Becomes a Bat ( edit ) Original Airdate : November 1 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Chal . Media Total Jourdan 9 9 10 9 7 44.0 Marvin 9 9 9 10 5.7 42.7 Cory 10 8 6 9 5.2 38.2 Chris H . 8 7 8 8 5.7 36.7 5 Renee 7 7 7 10 5.5 36.5 Featured Photographer : Jez Smith Special Guests : Laura James Finale Part 1 : The Finalists Shoot Their Guess Campaign ( edit ) Original Airdate : November 8 , 2013 Featured Photographers : Yu Tsai , Dinar Puspita Sari Special Guests : Mrs. Maria , Laura James , Marvin Scott Jarrett , Ken Mok , Laura Fuest Silva Finale part 2 : the guy or girl who becomes America 's Next Top Model ( edit ) Original Airdate : November 15 , 2013 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Media Total Jourdan 9 8 9 6 32.0 Marvin 8 7 8 4.5 27.5 Cory 10 5 7 4.6 26.6 ( show ) Scores No Model Tyra Kelly Rob Total Jourdan 9 9 9 27.0 Marvin 8 8 9 25.0 Special Guests : Laura James Jump up ^ Alex was originally eliminated in Episode 6 before coming back to the competition in Episode 9 . Jump up ^ Jeremy was originally eliminated in Episode 7 before coming back to the competition in Episode 11 . Jump up ^ The final scores of season were originally shown to be 32.0 for Jourdan and 27.5 for Marvin . After the finale aired , several people had noted that the scores were identical to those shown during the first elimination of the finale . Furthermore , while Tyra had announced that the fan vote would have no say in the final scores , they had been added into the final tally nevertheless . In an article released by Reality TV World , it was revealed that there had been a glitch with the final scores during post-production , and that the actual scores for the finale were 27.0 for Jourdan ( having received a nine from all three judges ) and 25.0 for Marvin ( having received 8 points from Tyra and Kelly , and 9 points from Rob ) . The CW acknowledged the finale contained incorrect scoring graphics after being contacted about the discrepancy . During an exclusive statement , a representative of the network was quoted as saying : `` There was a technical error with the on - air graphics that occurred during post-production of the finale of ANTM , however , as you can see in the photo , it did n't change the outcome meaning Jourdan is still the winner . '' The Comeback Series ( edit ) Much like the previous cycle , The Comeback Series also returned online with Bryanboy as its host . The web series follows the eliminated models as they participate in the photo shoots . This season , the audience enabled two eliminated models , one male and one female , to return to the competition . For having accumulated the highest social media score average , Alex was allowed to return to the competition at the end of episode 9 . Immediately after her comeback , it was revealed that one additional male contestant would also be given the opportunity to return . In episode 11 , the episode following the season recap , it was revealed that Jeremy was the male model who would be returning to the competition . Contestant Public Vote Average Returned in Alex 7.00 Episode 9 Jeremy 6.70 Episode 11 Note : Bianca and Chris S. did not participate in the Comeback Series . The series started with Chlea , the 3rd eliminated model from the competition . Summaries ( edit ) Call - out order ( edit ) Order Episodes 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16 Alex Marvin Mike Jourdan Cory Jourdan Jourdan Chris H . Nina Nina Jourdan Jourdan Jourdan Jourdan Mike Don Jiana Nina Kanani Marvin Renee Nina Don Renee Marvin Marvin Marvin Marvin Renee Chris H . Jourdan Phil Don Cory Nina Renee Renee Jeremy Cory Cory Cory Cory Jiana Nina Don Phil Chris H . Chris H . Cory Jourdan Cory Renee Chris H . 5 Jourdan Alex Chris H . Chris H . Jourdan Don Cory Jourdan Cory Jourdan Chris H . Renee 6 Don Cory Cory Marvin Chris H . Renee Don Don Jeremy Chris H . Jeremy 7 Jiana Jeremy Alex Jiana Jeremy Nina Marvin Marvin Marvin Marvin Nina 8 Chris S . Renee Kanani Cory Renee Jiana Phil Phil Chris H . Don 9 Chlea Nina Renee Kanani Nina Phil Jiana Alex 10 Jeremy Jourdan Marvin Alex Marvin Kanani 11 Nina Kanani Phil Renee Jiana Jeremy 12 Phil Chlea Jeremy Jeremy Alex 13 Bianca Phil Don Mike 14 Chris H . Mike Chlea 15 Kanani Chris S . 16 Marvin Bianca The contestant was eliminated from the competition The contestant won the competition In the first episode of the premiere , the pool of 35 contestants was reduced to 26 who moved on to the next round of casting . In the second episode of the premiere , the pool of 26 semi-finalists was reduced to 16 contestants who moved on to the main competition . This call - out does not reflect their performance for that week . Episodes 3 , 7 , 13 , and 14 featured double eliminations with the bottom three contestants being in danger of elimination . Bianca and Chris S. did not take part in The Comeback Series that would 've allowed one of them to return . In episode 9 , all the eliminated models were brought back to panel after Phil 's elimination . At the end of the episode , Alex was able to return to the competition for having obtained the highest social media score out of the eliminated girls . Just as Jeremy , Mike and Phil were called forward to learn their verdict , the episode ended in a cliffhanger . Episode 10 was the recap episode . At the beginning of Episode 11 , it was revealed that Jeremy would be returning to the competition for having achieved the highest male social media score average . During judging , Alex had to be absent for call - out due to her heart condition , which she later identified over Twitter to be Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome ( POTS ) . As a result , only Chris H. was called forward for elimination . The producers revealed to Alex in private that she had been eliminated after judging had concluded . In episode 15 , Tyra and the judges revealed that there would be one final elimination before the fashion show . The episode ended in a cliffhanger and the call - out resumed at the next episode . At the beginning of episode 16 , it was revealed that Cory had been eliminated . Scoring chart ( edit ) Place Model Episodes Total score Average 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16 Jourdan 31.9 32.8 45.1 41.2 44.2 44.5 37.1 37.1 34.9 33.0 44.0 32.0 27.0 425.8 38.7 Marvin 42.1 27.8 40.1 35.7 43.0 34.0 31.9 35.7 32.6 32.7 42.7 27.5 25.0 398.3 36.2 Cory 35.6 28.8 38.1 45.7 42.2 35.3 38.5 37.0 35.4 30.0 38.2 26.6 404.8 36.8 Chris H . 39.1 29.8 40.6 40.3 39.8 36.8 43.1 34.8 33.5 28.5 36.7 403.2 36.6 5 Renee 32.6 28.7 35.7 37.4 37.9 37.9 41.3 39.7 36.9 29.2 36.5 393.8 35.8 6 Jeremy 33.6 24.6 33.2 39.5 31.0 35.7 36.8 27.7 262.1 32.8 7 Nina 32.2 30.6 42.5 36.9 36.9 37.9 42.6 43.9 38.3 26.9 368.7 36.9 8 Don 39.1 22.6 40.8 42.6 39.0 35.3 36.9 40.1 32.3 328.7 36.5 9 Alex 36.7 28.8 37.0 34.7 34.5 171.7 34.3 10 Phil 30.9 24.7 41.5 42.4 34.1 27.0 30.3 230.9 33.0 11 Jiana 37.5 33.8 40.0 35.5 34.3 26.9 208.0 34.7 12 Kanani 31.9 28.8 37.7 45.6 33.9 177.9 35.6 13 Mike 30.4 34.5 33.1 98.0 32.7 14 Chlea 31.6 22.2 53.8 26.9 15 Chris S . 29.4 29.4 29.4 16 Bianca 29.2 29.2 29.2 Indicates the contestant won the competition . Indicates the contestant had the highest score that week . Indicates the contestant was in the bottom two that week . Indicates the contestant was eliminated that week . ^ Jump up to : The final scores of season were originally shown to be 32.0 for Jourdan and 27.5 for Marvin . After the finale aired , several people had noted that the scores were identical to those shown during the first elimination of the finale . Furthermore , while Tyra had announced that the fan vote would have no say in the final scores , they had been added into the final tally nevertheless . In an article released by Reality TV World , it was revealed that there had been a glitch with the final scores during post-production , and that the actual scores for the finale were 27.0 for Jourdan ( having received a nine from all three judges ) and 25.0 for Marvin ( having received 8 points from Tyra and Kelly , and 9 points from Rob ) . The CW acknowledged the finale contained incorrect scoring graphics after being contacted about the discrepancy . During an exclusive statement , a representative of the network was quoted as saying : `` There was a technical error with the on - air graphics that occurred during post-production of the finale of ANTM , however , as you can see in the photo , it did n't change the outcome meaning Jourdan is still the winner . '' ^ Jump up to : Alex returned the competition in episode 9 , while Jeremy returned in episode 11 . Photo shoot guide ( edit ) Episode 1 photo shoot : Masquerade fashion show in pairs ( casting ) Episode 2 photo shoot : Leather outfits ( casting ) Episode 3 photo shoot : Alternative weddings Episode 4 photo shoot : Sexy Fierce with Alessandra Ambrosio and Rob Evans Episode 5 photo shoot : Trailer park chic Episode 6 commercial : Questionable Body Spray gender role reversal Episode 7 photo shoot : Nail art beauty shots Episode 8 photo shoot : Splashing bodypaint fashion Episode 9 photo shoot : Magical field couture Episode 11 photo shoot : Flawsome with Zendaya and Shaun Ross Episode 12 photo shoot : Animorphs with different endangered animals Episode 13 photo shoot : Rice paddy couture Episode 14 photo shoot : Hanging upside - down with bats Episode 15 photo shoots : Guess campaign ; Nylon Magazine spreads Episode 16 photo shoot : Feral and wild jungle models Makeovers ( edit ) Alex - Dyed chocolate brown Chlea - Long honey wave extensions Chris H. - Dyed icy blonde Cory - Shaved bald Don - Bleached blonde , lighter facial hair Jeremy - Trim & lightened , highlights Jiana - Long bob ( called a lob on the show ) Jourdan - Bleached honey blonde Kanani - Pixie cut Marvin - A fade Mike - Amber highlights Nina - Dyed red & layered with bangs Phil - Wavy weave Renee - Long , straight & black Ratings ( edit ) The season premiere of America 's Next Top Model received record breaking ratings for Top Model as well as the CW . The premiere was watched by 1.55 million viewers which makes it the most watched premiere episode of the competition since Cycle 17 : All Stars Premiere . It also delivered The CW 's largest Friday audience and best 18 -- 49 rating ( 0.6 ) since Dec. 2012 , and the network 's strongest Women 18 -- 34 numbers in over two years . No. in Series No. in Cycle Episode Air Date Viewers ( m ) 18 -- 49 Rating / Share Ref 242 & 243 1 & 2 `` Meet the Guys & Girls of Cycle 20 '' August 2 , 2013 ( 2013 - 08 - 02 ) 1.55 0.6 / 2 244 `` The Girl Who Gets Married Again '' August 9 , 2013 ( 2013 - 08 - 09 ) 1.22 0.4 / 1 245 `` The Guy Who Gets a Weave '' August 16 , 2013 ( 2013 - 08 - 16 ) 1.50 0.5 / 2 246 5 `` The Girl Who Went Around in Circles '' August 23 , 2013 ( 2013 - 08 - 23 ) 1.45 0.5 / 2 247 6 `` The Guy Who Gets to Kiss the Girl '' August 30 , 2013 ( 2013 - 08 - 30 ) 1.12 0.4 / 2 248 7 `` The Girl Who is Scared of Clowns '' September 6 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 06 ) 1.45 0.5 / 1 249 8 `` The Guy Who Cries '' September 13 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 13 ) 1.35 0.5 / 2 250 9 `` The Girl Whose Walk is TOO Good '' September 20 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 20 ) 1.20 0.4 / 1 251 10 `` The Guys and Girls Get Flirty '' September 27 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 27 ) 1.53 0.4 / 1 252 11 `` The Girl Who Gets Punked '' October 4 , 2013 ( 2013 - 10 - 04 ) 1.35 0.4 / 1 253 12 `` The Guy Who Has a Panic Attack '' October 11 , 2013 ( 2013 - 10 - 11 ) 1.15 0.4 / 1 254 13 `` The Girl Who Got Kissed on an Elephant '' October 18 , 2013 ( 2013 - 10 - 18 ) 1.20 0.4 / 1 255 14 `` The Guy Who Becomes a Bat '' November 1 , 2013 ( 2013 - 11 - 01 ) 1.40 0.5 / 1 256 15 `` The Finalists Shoot their Guess campaign '' November 8 , 2013 ( 2013 - 11 - 08 ) 1.35 0.5 / 2 257 16 `` The Guy or Girl Who Becomes America 's Next Top Model '' November 15 , 2013 ( 2013 - 11 - 15 ) 1.529 0.6 / 3 * Post-top Model careers ( edit ) Bianca Alexa has been signed with NEXT Model Management in Miami . Phil Sullivan has been signed with LA Models and Ford Models in New York . He was featured in Vogue Italia February 2015 issue . He also had been on Polo Ralph Lauren F / W 2016 Presentation . He graced one of At Large Magazine F / W 15 Covers . Jourdan Miller has collected her prizes and been signed with NEXT Model Management in Los Angeles . She was featured in a six - page spread in the December / January issue of Nylon magazine , along with a $100,000 ad campaign with Guess , as part of her prize package . In February 2014 , Miller appeared on the cover and spread for the issue of Cleo magazine Malaysia , and an editorial for August Man magazine Malaysia . She has recently been featured in Vogue.it and Oyster magazine . Don Benjamin has been signed with Wilhelmina Models in Los Angeles . He appeared in the video for the song Into you of Ariana Grande and No Broken Hearts of Bebe Rexha . Nina Burns has been signed with Paragon Model Management in Mexico City and Model Management in Hong Kong . She also made an appearance on the sixth episode of cycle 21 . She appeared in the video for the song Red Dress of Magic ! Chris Hernandez has been signed with Major Model Management in New York . He has walked for Mercedes - Benz fashion show in New York for designer Sergio Davila and had an editorial spread in LUX Magazine shot by Jason Rowe and August Man Magazine which shot by Vincent Paul Yong . Hernandez also made a cameo on the movie , Delivery Man where he was one of Vince Vaughn 's 533 children . Cory Hindorff has appeared on the cover of G Philly Magazine . He also did an interview with Logo TV along with G Philly . He also made an appearance on the first and eighth episode of cycle 21 . Mike Scocozza has been signed to Slater Model Management in Los Angeles , and was featured in the February 2014 issue of Bello Mag . He is now with MSA Models in Los Angeles . Marvin Cortes has been signed with Two Model Management in Los Angeles . and DT Model Management Renee Bhagwandeen has been signed with NEXT Model Management in Los Angeles and Images Model Management in New York City . Recently , she appeared in Beyoncé 's visual album in the video for the song `` Jealous '' . Alex Agro has been signed with Paragon Model Management in Mexico City . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Listings -- TheFutonCritic.com -- The Web 's Best Television Resource '' . thefutoncritic.com . Jump up ^ `` Watch America 's Next Top Model Season 20 Online -- TV Shows -- SideReel '' . sidereel.com . Jump up ^ `` Bay Area Open Casting Calls For ANTM ' The Co-Ed Edition ' `` KBCW '' . cbslocal.com . ^ Jump up to : `` America 's Next Top Model Jourdan in Nylon Magazine -- NYLON '' . NYLON . Jump up ^ `` ' America 's Next Top Model ' Returns With a Twist -- Guys ! - Ratings - TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com '' . TVbytheNumbers . Jump up ^ `` The CW '' . The CW Network . ^ Jump up to : http://gyazo.com/09c8488c1fc6943874d76a89c8faecac.png ^ Jump up to : http://cdn.realitytvworld.com/images/heads/storyleads/topmodel20_finale5.jpg ^ Jump up to : `` ' Top Model ' finale contained incorrect final scores for Jourdan Miller and Marvin Cortes '' . RealityTVWorld.com . November 19 , 2013 . Retrieved November 20 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` America 's Next Top Model '' . TVGuide.com . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : No Adjustments to ' America 's Next Top Model ' , ' Dateline ' , ' 20 / 20 ' or ' Would You Fall for That ? ' '' . TV by the Numbers . August 5 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' America 's Next Top Model ' , ' Would You Fall For That ? ' & ' 20 / 20 ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . August 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' America 's Next Top Model ' Adjusted Up + Final Football Numbers '' . TV by the Numbers . August 20 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' Perfect Score ' and ' America 's Next Top Model ' Adjusted Down + Final Football Numbers '' . TV by the Numbers . August 26 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' America 's Next Top Model ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . September 3 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' America 's Next Top Model ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . September 9 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' America 's Next Top Model ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . September 16 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' America 's Next Top Model ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . September 20 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/09/30/friday-final-tv-ratings-hawaii-five-0-shark-tank-2020-adjusted-down/205618/ '' . TV by the Numbers . September 30 , 2013 . External link in title = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' Shark Tank ' & ' Dateline ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . October 7 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' Hawaii Five - 0 ' & ' Dateline ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . October 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final TV Ratings : ' MasterChef Junior ' and ' Shark Tank ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . October 22 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final Ratings : ' Shark Tank ' Adjusted Up , ' Blue Bloods ' Adjusted Down + No Adjustment for ' Grimm ' or ' Dracula ' '' . TV by the Numbers . November 4 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final Ratings : ' Dracula ' & ' The Neighbors ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . November 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Final Ratings : ' Hawaii Five - 0 ' , ' Undercover Boss ' , ' Grimm ' & ' Raising Hope ' Adjusted Up ; ' Last Man Standing ' , ' The Carrie Diaries ' & ' The Neighbors ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . November 18 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Next '' . nextmanagement.com . Jump up ^ `` Vogue Italia The Heart of the Machine '' . Jump up ^ `` Polo Ralph Lauren F / W 16 Presentation '' . Jump up ^ `` At Large Magazine F / W 15 Covers '' . Jump up ^ `` Cleo Malaysia -- Cleo Malaysia 's Photos -- Facebook '' . facebook.com . Jump up ^ `` Jourdan Miller @ lovejourdan Vogue Italia by @ ... Instagram photo -- Websta '' . Websta . Jump up ^ `` Jourdan Miller @ lovejourdan Instagram photos -- Websta '' . Websta . Jump up ^ `` Error 500 '' . wilhelmina.com . Jump up ^ `` PARAGON '' . paragonmodelmanagement.com . Jump up ^ `` Instagram '' . Instagram . Jump up ^ http://instagram.com/p/kIbVfCQFwO/# Jump up ^ http://instagram.com/p/kkHttrQF_k/# Jump up ^ http://instagram.com/p/juQhH1QF-z/# Jump up ^ `` Cory Hindorff участник 20 сезона `` Топ - модель по - американски '' `` themasha.ru '' . themasha.ru . Jump up ^ `` Interview With Top Model Finalst Cory Wade Hindorff -- G Philly '' . Philadelphia Magazine . Jump up ^ `` Mike Scocozza on Twitter '' . Twitter . Retrieved January 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` BELLO mag # 55 '' . Issuu . Retrieved January 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Global , cDs . `` MSA Models -- Men Division '' . Jump up ^ cDs Global . `` TWO MGMT , Two Management -- model management agency based in Los Angeles '' . twomanagement.com . Jump up ^ http://www.dtmodelmanagement.com/website/home/ Jump up ^ `` Next '' . nextmanagement.com . Jump up ^ http://instagram.com/p/iRnj4ohJ-F// America 's Next Top Model Cycles 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 All - Stars ( 17 ) British Invasion ( 18 ) College Edition ( 19 ) Guys & Girls 20 21 22 23 24 Contestants Winners Adrianne Curry Yoanna House Eva Pigford Naima Mora Nicole Linkletter Danielle Evans CariDee English Jaslene Gonzalez Saleisha Stowers Whitney Thompson McKey Sullivan Teyona Anderson Nicole Fox Krista White Ann Ward Brittani Kline Lisa D'Amato Sophie Sumner Laura James Jourdan Miller Keith Carlos Nyle DiMarco India Gants Finalists Elyse Sewell Mercedes Scelba - Shorte Yaya DaCosta Bre Scullark Jade Cole Melrose Bickerstaff Eugena Washington Renee DeWitt Chantal Jones Anya Kop Fatima Siad Analeigh Tipton Allison Harvard Laura Kirkpatrick Leila Goldkuhl Other alumni Toccara Jones Kim Stolz Cassandra Whitehead Anchal Joseph Heather Kuzmich Lisa Jackson Dominique Reighard Isis King Celia Ammerman Natalie Pack Jane Randall Esther Petrack AzMarie Livingston Jasmia Robinson Chantelle Young Related series Modelville ( 2008 ) Stylista ( 2008 ) True Beauty ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_20)&oldid=818393332 '' Categories : America 's Next Top Model 2013 American television seasons Hidden categories : CS1 errors : external links Use mdy dates from August 2017 Articles needing additional references from May 2016 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Italiano Lietuvių Русский Simple English ไทย Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 3 January 2018 , at 08 : 00 . 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Question: who wins america's next top model cycle 20