Laika - wikipedia Laika Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Laika ( disambiguation ) . Laika In 1957 , Laika became the first animal launched into orbit , paving the way for human spaceflight . This photograph shows her in a flight harness . Other name ( s ) Kudryavka Species Canis lupus familiaris Breed Mongrel , possibly part - husky ( or part - Samoyed ) and part - terrier Sex Female Laika Лайка c. 1954 Moscow , Soviet Union 3 November 1957 Sputnik 2 , in Low Earth orbit Years active 1957 Known for First animal to orbit the Earth Owner Soviet space program Weight 5 kg ( 11 lb ) Laika ( Russian : Лайка ; c. 1954 -- 3 November 1957 ) was a Soviet space dog who became one of the first animals in space , and the first animal to orbit the Earth . Laika , a stray dog from the streets of Moscow , was selected to be the occupant of the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 that was launched into outer space on 3 November 1957 . Little was known about the impact of spaceflight on living creatures at the time of Laika 's mission , and the technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed , so Laika 's survival was never expected . Some scientists believed humans would be unable to survive the launch or the conditions of outer space , so engineers viewed flights by animals as a necessary precursor to human missions . The experiment aimed to prove that a living passenger could survive being launched into orbit and endure a Micro-g environment , paving the way for human spaceflight and providing scientists with some of the first data on how living organisms react to spaceflight environments . Laika died within hours from overheating , possibly caused by a failure of the central R - 7 sustainer to separate from the payload . The true cause and time of her death were not made public until 2002 ; instead , it was widely reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six or , as the Soviet government initially claimed , she was euthanised prior to oxygen depletion . On 11 April 2008 , Russian officials unveiled a monument to Laika . A small monument in her honour was built near the military research facility in Moscow that prepared Laika 's flight to space . It portrayed a dog standing on top of a rocket . She also appears on the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow . Contents ( hide ) 1 Sputnik 2 2 Training 3 Preflight preparations 4 Voyage 5 Ethics of animal testing 6 Legacy 7 See also 8 References 8.1 Citations 8.2 Bibliography 9 Further reading 10 External links Sputnik 2 ( edit ) Romanian stamp from 1959 with Laika ( the caption reads `` Laika , first traveller into Cosmos '' ) Main article : Sputnik 2 After the success of Sputnik 1 in October 1957 , Nikita Khrushchev , the Soviet leader , wanted a spacecraft launched on 7 November 1957 , the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution . Construction had already started on a more sophisticated satellite , but it would not be ready until December ; this satellite would later become Sputnik 3 . Meeting the November deadline meant building a new craft . Khrushchev specifically wanted his engineers to deliver a `` space spectacular '' , a mission that would repeat the triumph of Sputnik 1 , stunning the world with Soviet prowess . Planners settled on an orbital flight with a dog . Soviet rocket engineers had long intended a canine orbit before attempting human spaceflight ; since 1951 , they had lofted 12 dogs into sub-orbital space on ballistic flights , working gradually toward an orbital mission set for some time in 1958 . To satisfy Khrushchev 's demands , they expedited the orbital canine flight for the November launch . According to Russian sources , the official decision to launch Sputnik 2 was made on 10 or 12 October , leaving less than four weeks to design and build the spacecraft . Sputnik 2 , therefore , was something of a rush job , with most elements of the spacecraft being constructed from rough sketches . Aside from the primary mission of sending a living passenger into space , Sputnik 2 also contained instrumentation for measuring solar irradiance and cosmic rays . The craft was equipped with a life - support system consisting of an oxygen generator and devices to avoid oxygen poisoning and to absorb carbon dioxide . A fan , designed to activate whenever the cabin temperature exceeded 15 ° C ( 59 ° F ) , was added to keep the dog cool . Enough food ( in a gelatinous form ) was provided for a seven - day flight , and the dog was fitted with a bag to collect waste . A harness was designed to be fitted to the dog , and there were chains to restrict her movements to standing , sitting , or lying down ; there was no room to turn around in the cabin . An electrocardiogram monitored heart rate and further instrumentation tracked respiration rate , maximum arterial pressure , and the dog 's movements . Training ( edit ) Laika was found as a stray wandering the streets of Moscow . Soviet scientists chose to use Moscow strays since they assumed that such animals had already learned to endure conditions of extreme cold and hunger . This specimen was an eleven - pound mongrel female , approximately three years old . Another account reported that she weighed about 6 kg ( 13 lb ) . Soviet personnel gave her several names and nicknames , among them Kudryavka ( Russian for Little Curly ) , Zhuchka ( Little Bug ) , and Limonchik ( Little Lemon ) . Laika , the Russian name for several breeds of dogs similar to the husky , was the name popularised around the world . The American press dubbed her Muttnik ( mutt + suffix - nik ) as a pun on Sputnik , or referred to her as Curly . Her true pedigree is unknown , although it is generally accepted that she was part husky or other Nordic breed , and possibly part terrier . NASA refers to Laika as a `` part - Samoyed terrier . '' A Russian magazine described her temperament as phlegmatic , saying that she did not quarrel with other dogs . Vladimir Yazdovsky , who led the program of test dogs used on rockets , in a later publication wrote that `` Laika was quiet and charming '' . The Soviet Union and United States had previously sent animals only on sub-orbital flights . Three dogs were trained for the Sputnik 2 flight : Albina , Mushka , and Laika . Soviet space - life scientists Vladimir Yazdovsky and Oleg Gazenko trained the dogs . To adapt the dogs to the confines of the tiny cabin of Sputnik 2 , they were kept in progressively smaller cages for periods of up to 20 days . The extensive close confinement caused them to stop urinating or defecating , made them restless , and caused their general condition to deteriorate . Laxatives did not improve their condition , and the researchers found that only long periods of training proved effective . The dogs were placed in centrifuges that simulated the acceleration of a rocket launch and were placed in machines that simulated the noises of the spacecraft . This caused their pulses to double and their blood pressure to increase by 30 -- 65 torr . The dogs were trained to eat a special high - nutrition gel that would be their food in space . Before the launch , one of the mission scientists took Laika home to play with his children . In a book chronicling the story of Soviet space medicine , Dr. Vladimir Yazdovsky wrote , `` Laika was quiet and charming ... I wanted to do something nice for her : She had so little time left to live . '' Preflight preparations ( edit ) Vladimir Yazdovsky made the final selection of dogs and their designated roles . Laika was to be the `` flight dog '' -- a sacrifice to science on a one - way mission to space . Albina , who had already flown twice on a high - altitude test rocket , was to act as Laika 's backup . The third dog Mushka was a `` control dog '' -- she was to stay on the ground and be used to test instrumentation and life support . Before leaving for the Baikonur Cosmodrome , Yazdovsky and Gazenko conducted surgery on the dogs , routing the cables from the transmitters to the sensors that would measure breathing , pulse , and blood pressure . Because the existing airstrip at Turatam near the cosmodrome was small , the dogs and crew had to be first flown aboard a Tu - 104 plane to Tashkent . From there , a smaller and lighter Il - 14 plane took them to Turatam . Training of dogs continued upon arrival ; one after another they were placed in the capsules to get familiar with the feeding system . According to a NASA document , Laika was placed in the capsule of the satellite on 31 October 1957 -- three days before the start of the mission . At that time of year , the temperatures at the launch site were extremely cold , and a hose connected to a heater was used to keep her container warm . Two assistants were assigned to keep a constant watch on Laika before launch . Just prior to liftoff on 3 November 1957 , from Baikonur Cosmodrome , Laika 's fur was sponged in a weak alcohol solution and carefully groomed , while iodine was painted onto the areas where sensors would be placed to monitor her bodily functions . One of the technicians preparing the capsule before final liftoff stated that `` after placing Laika in the container and before closing the hatch , we kissed her nose and wished her bon voyage , knowing that she would not survive the flight . '' Voyage ( edit ) Laika travelled on Sputnik 2 ( model shown ) The exact time of the liftoff varies from source to source and is mentioned as 05 : 30 : 42 Moscow Time or 07 : 22 Moscow Time . At peak acceleration Laika 's respiration increased to between three and four times the pre-launch rate . The sensors showed her heart rate was 103 beats / min before launch and increased to 240 beats / min during the early acceleration . After reaching orbit , Sputnik 2 's nose cone was jettisoned successfully ; however the `` Block A '' core did not separate as planned , preventing the thermal control system from operating correctly . Some of the thermal insulation tore loose , raising the cabin temperature to 40 ° C ( 104 ° F ) . After three hours of weightlessness , Laika 's pulse rate had settled back to 102 beats / min , three times longer than it had taken during earlier ground tests , an indication of the stress she was under . The early telemetry indicated that Laika was agitated but eating her food . After approximately five to seven hours into the flight , no further signs of life were received from the spacecraft . The Soviet scientists had planned to euthanise Laika with a poisoned serving of food . For many years , the Soviet Union gave conflicting statements that she had died either from asphyxia , when the batteries failed , or that she had been euthanised . Many rumours circulated about the exact manner of her death . In 1999 , several Russian sources reported that Laika had died when the cabin overheated on the fourth orbit . In October 2002 , Dimitri Malashenkov , one of the scientists behind the Sputnik 2 mission , revealed that Laika had died by the fourth circuit of flight from overheating . According to a paper he presented to the World Space Congress in Houston , TX , USA , `` It turned out that it was practically impossible to create a reliable temperature control system in such limited time constraints . '' Over five months later , after 2,570 orbits , Sputnik 2 -- including Laika 's remains -- disintegrated during re-entry on 14 April 1958 . Ethics of animal testing ( edit ) NASA named this soil target on Mars after Laika during the Mars Exploration Rover mission . Due to the overshadowing issue of the Soviet vs. U.S. Space Race , the ethical issues raised by this experiment went largely unaddressed for some time . As newspaper clippings from 1957 show , the press was initially focused on reporting the political perspective , while the health and retrieval -- or lack thereof -- of Laika only became an issue later . Sputnik 2 was not designed to be retrievable , and Laika had always been intended to die . The mission sparked a debate across the globe on the mistreatment of animals and animal testing in general to advance science . In the United Kingdom , the National Canine Defence League called on all dog owners to observe a minute 's silence , while the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( RSPCA ) received protests even before Radio Moscow had finished announcing the launch . Animal rights groups at the time called on members of the public to protest at Soviet embassies . Others demonstrated outside the United Nations in New York ; nevertheless , laboratory researchers in the U.S . offered some support for the Soviets , at least before the news of Laika 's death . In the Soviet Union , there was less controversy . Neither the media , books in the following years , nor the public openly questioned the decision to send a dog into space . In 1998 , after the collapse of the Soviet regime , Oleg Gazenko , one of the scientists responsible for sending Laika into space , expressed regret for allowing her to die : Work with animals is a source of suffering to all of us . We treat them like babies who can not speak . The more time passes , the more I 'm sorry about it . We should n't have done it ... We did not learn enough from this mission to justify the death of the dog . In other Warsaw Pact countries , open criticism of the Soviet space program was difficult because of political censorship , but there were notable cases of criticism in Polish scientific circles . A Polish scientific periodical , `` Kto , Kiedy , Dlaczego '' ( `` Who , When , Why '' ) , published in 1958 , discussed the mission of Sputnik 2 . In the periodical 's section dedicated to astronautics , Krzysztof Boruń described the Sputnik 2 mission as `` regrettable '' and criticised not bringing Laika back to Earth alive as `` undoubtedly a great loss for science '' . Legacy ( edit ) Laika is memorialised in the form of a statue and plaque at Star City , Russia , the Russian Cosmonaut training facility . Created in 1997 , Laika is positioned behind the cosmonauts with her ears erect . The Monument to the Conquerors of Space , constructed in 1964 , also includes Laika . On 11 April 2008 at the military research facility where staff had been responsible for readying Laika for the flight , officials unveiled a monument of her poised on top of a space rocket . Stamps and envelopes picturing Laika were produced , as well as branded cigarettes and matches . Future space missions carrying dogs would be designed to be recovered . Four other dogs died in Soviet space missions : Bars and Lisichka were killed when their R - 7 rocket exploded shortly after launch on 28 July 1960 ; Pchyolka and Mushka died when Korabl - Sputnik 3 was purposely destroyed with an explosive charge to prevent foreign powers from inspecting the capsule after a wayward atmospheric reentry trajectory on 1 December 1960 . Although never shown , Laika is prominently mentioned in the 1985 film My Life as a Dog , in which the main character ( a young Swedish boy in the late 1950s ) identifies strongly with the dog . Laika , a 2007 graphic novel by Nick Abadzis giving a fictionalized account of Laika 's life , won the Eisner Award as `` Best Publication for Teens '' . See also ( edit ) Animals in space References ( edit ) Citations ^ Jump up to : Isachenkov , Vladimir ( 11 April 2008 ) , `` Russia opens monument to space dog Laika '' , Associated Press , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 4 August 2014 ^ Jump up to : Harford , James J. ( 1997 ) , `` Korolev 's Triple Play : Sputniks 1 , 2 , and 3 '' , NASA , archived from the original on 16 January 2001 , retrieved 26 September 2006 ^ Jump up to : LePage , Andrew J. ( 1997 ) , `` Sputnik 2 : The First Animal in Orbit '' , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 26 September 2006 ^ Jump up to : Zak , Anatoly ( 3 November 1999 ) , `` The True Story of Laika the Dog '' , archived from the original on 20 February 2006 , retrieved 28 September 2006 ^ Jump up to : Malashenkov , D.C. ( 2002 ) , `` Abstract : Some Unknown Pages of the Living Organisms ' First Orbital Flight '' , IAF abstracts , Astrophysics Data System : 288 , Bibcode : 2002iaf ... confE. 288M ^ Jump up to : Grahn , Sven , `` Sputnik - 2 , more news from distant history '' , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 2 February 2004 ^ Jump up to : `` Muscovites Told Space Dog Is Dead '' , New York Times , p. 3 , 13 November 1957 Jump up ^ Gray , Tara ( 1998 ) , `` A Brief History of Animals in Space '' , NASA , archived from the original on 11 October 2004 , retrieved 26 September 2006 Jump up ^ `` Space Dog Lives '' , The British Library , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 26 September 2006 ^ Jump up to : `` Sputnik 2 '' , National Space Science Data Center , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 3 November 2014 Jump up ^ `` '' Laika 's Trust '' Part Two `` , Operavision , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 23 May 2013 ^ Jump up to : `` Dogs in space '' , Space Today Online , 2004 , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 28 September 2006 Jump up ^ Whitehouse , David ( 28 October 2002 ) , First dog in space died within hours , BBC , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 26 September 2006 ^ Jump up to : `` Animals as Cold Warriors : Missiles , Medicine and Man 's Best Friend '' , National Library of Medicine , 19 June 2006 , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 28 September 2006 Jump up ^ Isachenkov , Vladimir ( 11 April 2008 ) , `` Space dog monument opens in Russia '' , MSNBC , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 15 April 2008 ^ Jump up to : Zak , Anatoly , `` Sputnik - 2 '' , Russianspaceweb.com , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 23 May 2013 Jump up ^ Siddiqi ( 2000 ) , p. 173 Jump up ^ `` Memorial to Laika '' , novareinna.com , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 26 September 2006 Jump up ^ West , John B. ( 1 October 2001 ) , `` Historical aspects of the early Soviet / Russian manned space program '' , Journal of Applied Psychology , 91 ( 4 ) : 1501 -- 1511 , PMID 11568130 , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 26 September 2006 Jump up ^ Beischer , DE ; Fregly , AR ( 1962 ) , `` Animals and man in space . A chronology and annotated bibliography through the year 1960 '' , US Naval School of Aviation Medicine , ONR TR ACR - 64 ( AD0272581 ) , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 14 June 2011 ^ Jump up to : `` The Story of Laika '' , moscowanimals.org , archived from the original on August 16 , 2006 , retrieved 26 September 2006 ^ Jump up to : `` Message from the First Dog in Space Received 45 Years Too Late '' , Dogs in the News , 3 November 2002 , archived from the original on 8 January 2006 , retrieved 4 October 2006 Jump up ^ On this day , BBC , 3 November 1957 , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 26 September 2006 Jump up ^ `` Human Guinea Pigs and Sputnik 2 '' , National Society for Medical Research , November 1957 , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 28 September 2006 Jump up ^ Boruń , Krzysztof ( December 1958 ) , `` Astronautyka '' , Kto , Kiedy , Dlaczego , Państwowe Wydawnictwo `` Iskry '' , 2 ( 1 ) : 330 -- 331 ^ Jump up to : Savage , Sam , `` First in Orbit , Laika the Dog Made History '' , redOrbit , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 , retrieved 27 July 2009 Jump up ^ `` A New Monument for Laika , Russia 's Heroic Space Dog '' , 11 April 2008 , archived from the original on 15 October 2015 Jump up ^ `` The dog that orbited the Earth '' . Witness . BBC News Magazine . 2017 - 11 - 08 . Jump up ^ Siddiqi ( 2000 ) , p. 252 Jump up ^ Siddiqi ( 2000 ) , p. 259 Jump up ^ Dickson ( 2009 ) , p. 144 Jump up ^ Khouri , Andy ( 8 August 2011 ) , `` Laika the Space Dog Survives in Alternate Happy Endings by Nick Abadzis '' , ComicsAlliance Bibliography Dickson , Paul ( 2009 ) , Sputnik : The Shock of the Century , Bloomsbury Publishing USA , ISBN 978 - 0 - 8027 - 1804 - 4 Siddiqi , Asif . A. ( 2000 ) , Challenge to Apollo : The Soviet Union and the Space Race , 1945 -- 1974 , NASA SP - 2000 - 4408 . Part 1 ( page 1 - 500 ) , Part 2 ( page 501 - 1011 ) . Further reading ( edit ) Angliss , Sarah and Uttley , Colin . Science in the Dock : The man who trained the space dogs . Retrieved January 28 , 2005 . Dubbs , Chris and Burgess , Colin . Animals In Space : From Research Rockets to the Space Shuttle , 2007 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : Laika Wikimedia Commons has media related to Laika . Listen to this article ( info / dl ) This audio file was created from a revision of the article `` Laika '' dated 2011 - 11 - 19 , and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article . ( Audio help ) More spoken articles History of Sputnik Missions Sputnik 2 at Astronautix LCCN : sh2011001537 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laika&oldid=838112275 '' Categories : 1954 animal births 1957 animal deaths 1957 in spaceflight Sputnik Animals in space Individual dogs Animal rights Animal testing Deaths in space 1957 in the Soviet Union Deaths from hyperthermia Hidden categories : Articles with ' species ' microformats Articles containing Russian - language text Spoken articles Articles with hAudio microformats Featured articles Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote অসমীয়া Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bikol Central Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lumbaart Magyar Македонски മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan ଓଡ଼ିଆ Polski Português Română Русский Scots සිංහල Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Walon Winaray 中文 60 more Edit links This page was last edited on 25 April 2018 , at 00 : 35 . 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Question: what type of dog was laika the spacedog

Mongrel, possibly part-husky (or part-Samoyed) and part-terrier


List of Mexican autopistas - wikipedia List of Mexican autopistas Jump to : navigation , search Main article : List of Mexican Federal Highways This is a list of autopistas , or tolled ( quota ) highways , in Mexico . Tolled roads are often built as bypasses , to cross major bridges , and to provide direct intercity connections . Many federal highways corridors numbers cover more than one autopista ; other federal highways do not have limited access sections . Normally , Mexican federal highways that are on toll ) quota ) ( cuota ) roads have the letter suffix `` D '' for Directo , e.g. Fed . 45 is free ( libre ) and Fed . 45D is toll ( quota ) . Most autopistas have a toll ( quota ) over all or part of their length . A few autopistas in very mountainous areas are two - lane . The Mexican limited access highway network is the largest in the Americas outside the USA . The construction is generally financed by toll ( quota ) revenue ( thus user fees ) rather than fuel taxes , thus the toll ( quota ) rates are usually rather high , about MXN $ $1 -- $2 per kilometer ( $1.6 -- $3.2 / mi ) , roughly 15 -- 30 US cents per mile ( 9.3 -- 18.6 ¢ / km ) for private cars and motorcycles . Toll plazas along the mainline charge tolls ( quotos ) anywhere from MXN $20 to $300 , or USD $1 to $15 . Plazas , crossing the border , accept either pesos or U.S. dollars , but after leaving border city limits one must pay in pesos . List of autopistas ( edit ) Map of the network Number Length ( km ) Length ( mi ) Southern or western terminus Northern or eastern terminus Formed Removed Notes FH0001D ! Fed . 1D 99 62 Tijuana Ensenada 01967 - 01 - 01 1967 current FH0001D ! Fed . 1D 58.884 36.589 Los Cabos International Airport Cabo San Lucas 02015 - 04 - 26 2015 current FH0002D ! Fed . 2D 193 120 Tijuana Mexicali 01991 - 04 - 26 1991 current FH0002D ! Fed . 2D 73 45 Altar Santa Ana 02006 - 01 - 01 2006 current FH0002D ! Fed . 2D 44 27 Reynosa Matamoros 01999 - 01 - 01 1999 current FH0014D ! Fed . 14D 124.1 77.1 Cuitzeo Uruapan 01998 - 04 - 26 1998 current FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 548 341 Nogales Estación Don 01992 - 01 - 01 1992 current Includes bypasses of Nogales , Magdalena de Kino , Guaymas and Hermosillo FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 20.2 12.6 Libramiento de Culiacán 02012 - 01 - 01 2012 current FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 190.26 118.22 Culiacán Mazatlán 01992 - 01 - 01 1992 current FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 37.64 23.39 Libramiento de Mazatlán 02014 - 01 - 01 2014 current FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 238.05 147.92 Mazatlán Tepic 02005 - 01 - 01 2005 current FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 30 19 Libramiento de Tepic 02016 - 01 - 01 2016 current FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 168.616 104.773 Tepic Guadalajara 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 311.38 193.48 Zapotlanejo Maravatío 01993 - 01 - 01 1993 current FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 64.35 39.99 Maravatío Atlacomulco 01989 - 01 - 01 1989 current FH0015D ! Fed . 15D 34 21 Toluca Mexico City 01990 - 04 - 26 1990 current FH0037D ! Fed . 37D 218.5 135.8 Uruapan Lázaro Cárdenas 02005 - 01 - 01 2005 current FH0040D ! Fed . 40D 238 148 Mazatlán Durango 02013 - 01 - 01 2013 current FH0040D ! Fed . 40D 21.6 13.4 Libramiento de Durango -- -- FH0040D ! Fed . 40D 222.2 138.1 Durango Gómez Palacio 01993 - 04 - 26 1993 current FH0040D ! Fed . 40D 40.77 25.33 Libramiento Norte de la Laguna 02014 - 01 - 01 2014 current FH0040D ! Fed . 40D 115.019 71.469 Torreón Saltillo 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0040D ! Fed . 40D 49.89 31.00 Saltillo Monterrey 02009 - 01 - 01 2009 current FH0040D ! Fed . 40D 132.105 82.086 Cadereyta Reynosa 01993 - 01 - 01 1993 current FH0040D ! Fed . 40D 36.4 22.6 Libramiento de Reynosa Sur II -- -- FH0043D ! Fed . 43D 107.95 67.08 Morelia Salamanca 02006 - 01 - 01 2006 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 104.7 65.1 Querétaro Irapuato 01962 - 01 - 01 1962 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 79 49 Salamanca León 02015 - 01 - 01 2015 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 103.85 64.53 León Aguascalientes 01992 - 01 - 01 1992 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 42.31 26.29 Cuauhtémoc , Zac . Osiris , Zac . 02002 - 01 - 01 2002 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 12.2 7.6 Libramiento de Víctor Rosales 01991 - 01 - 01 1991 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 20.05 12.46 Libramiento de Fresnillo 01993 - 01 - 01 1993 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 68.98 42.86 Ciudad Jiménez Ciudad Camargo 01990 - 01 - 01 1990 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 65 40 Ciudad Camargo Ciudad Delicias 01989 - 01 - 01 1989 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 42.2 26.2 Libramiento Oriente de Chihuahua 02015 - 01 - 01 2015 current FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 13.18 8.19 Chihuahua Sacramento -- -- FH0045D ! Fed . 45D 83.63 51.97 El Sueco Villa Ahumada 01989 - 01 - 01 1989 current FH0047D ! Fed . 47D 90 56 Macrolibramiento Palmillas - Apaseo el Grande 02017 - 01 - 01 2017 current FH0049D ! Fed . 49D 151.3 94.0 Gómez Palacio Ciudad Jiménez 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0054D ! Fed . 54D 148 92 Guadalajara Colima 01989 - 01 - 01 1989 current FH0055D ! Fed . 55D 65.8 40.9 Atlacomulco Toluca 01989 - 01 - 01 1989 current FH0057D ! Fed . 57D 54 34 Nueva Rosita Allende -- -- FH0057D ! Fed . 57D 21 13 Libramiento Oriente de Saltillo 01992 - 01 - 01 1992 current FH0057D ! Fed . 57D 32 20 Puerto México La Carbonera 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0057D ! Fed . 57D 14.2 8.8 Libramiento de Matehuala 02004 - 01 - 01 2004 current FH0057D ! Fed . 57D 31.5 19.6 Libramiento Norponiente de San Luis Potosí 02014 - 01 - 01 2014 current FH0057D ! Fed . 57D 33.76 20.98 Libramiento Oriente de San Luis Potosí 01991 - 01 - 01 1991 current FH0057D ! Fed . 57D 37 23 Libramiento Nororiente de Querétaro 01992 - 01 - 01 1992 current FH0057D ! Fed . 57D 175.454 109.022 Querétaro Mexico City 01958 - 01 - 01 1958 current FH0068D ! Fed . 68D 38 24 Chapalilla Compostela 01973 - 01 - 01 1973 current FH0070D ! Fed . 70D 14.478 8.996 Libramiento Poniente de Tampico 01991 - 01 - 01 1991 current FH0070D ! Fed . 70D 117.6 73.1 Rayón Tamuín 02016 - 04 - 26 2016 current FH0070D ! Fed . 70D 105.51 65.56 Jala Puerto Vallarta 02016 - 01 - 01 2016 current Waiting Extention to Puerto Vallarta FH0080D ! Fed . 80D 118.5 73.6 Zapotlanejo Lagos de Moreno 01991 - 01 - 01 1991 current FH0080D ! Fed . 80D 66.048 41.040 Lagos de Moreno Villa de Arriaga 02012 - 01 - 01 2012 current FH0080D ! Fed . 80D 9.75 6.06 Libramiento Norte de San Patricio - Melaque 02017 - 01 - 01 2017 current FH0085D ! Fed . 85D 45.8 28.5 Mexico City Pachuca 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0085D ! Fed . 85D 123.1 76.5 Monterrey Nuevo Laredo 01991 - 01 - 01 1991 current FH0090D ! Fed . 90D 26 16 Zapotlanejo Guadalajara 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0091D ! Fed . 91D 62.8 39.0 Puente de Ixtla Iguala 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0092D ! Fed . 92D 25.64 15.93 Zacapalco Taxco 01996 - 04 - 26 1996 current FH0093D ! Fed . 93D 20.6 12.8 Chilpancingo Tixtla 02011 - 01 - 01 2011 current FH0095D ! Fed . 95D 61.54 38.24 Mexico City Cuernavaca 01952 - 01 - 01 1952 current FH0095D ! Fed . 95D 262.58 163.16 Cuernavaca Acapulco 01990 - 01 - 01 1990 current FH0095D ! Fed . 95D 2.953 1.835 Maxitúnel Interurbano Acapulco 01996 - 01 - 01 1996 current FH0110D ! Fed . 110D 21.388 13.290 Libramiento Norte de La Piedad 02012 - 01 - 01 2012 current FH0115D ! Fed . 115D 26.810 16.659 Libramiento de Amecameca - Nepantla 02014 - 01 - 01 2014 current FH0117D ! Fed . 117D 19.419 12.066 San Martín Texmelucan Tlaxcala 01991 - 01 - 01 1991 current FH0117D ! Fed . 117D 11 7 Libramiento de Tlaxcala 02015 - 01 - 01 2015 current FH0119D ! Fed . 119D 72 45 Tlaxco Tejocotal -- -- FH0130D ! Fed . 130D 67.789 42.122 Gutiérrez Zamora Tuxpan 01994 - 04 - 26 1994 current FH0132D ! Fed . 132D 143.08 88.91 Tihuatlán Tulancingo 02014 - 04 - 26 2014 current FH0132D ! Fed . 132D 22.2 13.8 San Martín de las Pirámides Ecatepec 01991 - 01 - 01 1991 current FH0134D ! Fed . 134D 39.2 24.4 Autopista Toluca -- Naucalpan 02007 - 01 - 01 2007 current Started construction in 2007 but has been in construction for 10 years FH0135D ! Fed . 135D 243 151 Cuacnopalan Oaxaca 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0136D ! Fed . 136D 16.17 10.05 Peñón Texcoco 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0140D ! Fed . 140D 195 121 Puebla City Xalapa 02004 - 01 - 01 2004 current FH0145D ! Fed . 145D 228.1 141.7 La Tinaja Cosoleacaque 01993 - 01 - 01 1993 current FH0150D ! Fed . 150D 397.77 247.16 Mexico City Veracruz 01962 - 01 - 01 1962 current FH0160D ! Fed . 160D 34.165 21.229 La Pera Cuautla 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0180D ! Fed . 180D 2.5 1.6 Libramiento de Cardel -- -- FH0180D ! Fed . 180D 28.5 17.7 José Cardel Veracruz 01994 - 01 - 01 1994 current FH0180D ! Fed . 180D 34 21 Nuevo Teapa Cosoleacaque -- -- FH0180D ! Fed . 180D 53 33 Coatzacoalcos Cárdenas 02000 - 01 - 01 2000 current FH0180D ! Fed . 180D 23.7 14.7 Libramiento de Villahermosa 02016 - 01 - 01 2016 current FH0180D ! Fed . 180D 39.5 24.5 Champotón Campeche 01993 - 01 - 01 1993 current FH0180D ! Fed . 180D 241.34 149.96 Mérida / Kantunil Cancún 01991 - 01 - 01 1991 current FH0185D ! Fed . 185D 75.39 46.85 Salina Cruz La Ventosa 02003 - 01 - 01 2003 current FH0187D ! Fed . 187D 197.5 122.7 Las Choapas Ocozocuautla 02002 - 01 - 01 2002 current FH0190D ! Fed . 190D 169.23 105.15 San Pablo Villa de Mitla Tehuantepec -- -- Under construction FH0190D ! Fed . 190D 93.77 58.27 Ocozocuautla Arriaga 02010 - 01 - 01 2010 current FH0190D ! Fed . 190D 46 29 Tuxtla Gutiérrez San Cristóbal de las Casas 02006 - 01 - 01 2006 current FH0200D ! Fed . 200D 46 29 Manzanillo Armería 01991 - 01 - 01 1991 current FH0200D ! Fed . 200D 4.369 2.715 Libramiento de Tecpan de Galeana 02008 - 01 - 01 2008 current FH0305D ! Fed . 305D 44 27 El Tintal Playa del Carmen 02014 - 01 - 01 2014 current FH0307D ! Fed . 307D 14.14 8.79 Libramiento Felipe Carrillo Puerto 02016 - 01 - 01 2016 current FHI - 20D ! Fed . I - 20D 29.2 18.1 Libramiento Norponiente de Irapuato 02010 - 01 - 01 2010 current FHM40D ! Fed . M40D 223 139 Autopista Arco Norte Atlacomulco -- San Martín Texmelucan 02009 - 01 - 01 2009 current FHS30 ! Fed . S30 46.21 28.71 Libramiento Norponiente de Saltillo 02010 - 01 - 01 2010 current FHD ! Fed . D 32.4 20.1 Autopista Tepic -- San Blas 02017 - 01 - 01 2017 current FHGUA 10D ! Fed . GUA 10D 111 69 Macrolibramiento Sur de Guadalajara 02018 - 01 - 01 2018 current Started Construction in 2014 ( Opened first segment in 2016 ) ( Completed 2017 ) Inagurated 2018 References ( edit ) Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes , Informe de Rendición de Cuentas de la Administración Pública Federal , 2000 - 2006 , p. 132 ( in Spanish ) SCT official autopista list and toll table as of April 2017 `` Datos Viales 2017 '' . SCT. 2017 . Retrieved 14 April 2017 . `` Infraestructura de CAPUFE '' ( PDF ) . CAPUFE . December 2015 . Retrieved 14 April 2017 . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Mexican_autopistas&oldid=838288868 '' Categories : Lists of roads in Mexico Mexican Federal Highways Hidden categories : Articles with Spanish - language external links Talk About Wikipedia Español Edit links This page was last edited on 26 April 2018 , at 02 : 44 . About Wikipedia

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Unsaturated fat - wikipedia Unsaturated fat Jump to : navigation , search Types of fats in food Unsaturated fat Monounsaturated fat ω − 7 ω − 9 Polyunsaturated fat ω − 3 ω − 6 Trans fat Saturated fat Interesterified fat See also Fatty acid Essential fatty acid Conditionally essential fatty acid Cholesterol This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2015 ) An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain . A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond , and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond . Where double bonds are formed , hydrogen atoms are subtracted from the carbon chain . Thus , a saturated fat has no double bonds , has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons , and therefore is `` saturated '' with hydrogen atoms . In cellular metabolism , unsaturated fat molecules contain somewhat less energy ( i.e. , fewer calories ) than an equivalent amount of saturated fat . The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid ( i.e. , the more double bonds in the fatty acid ) the more vulnerable it is to lipid peroxidation ( rancidity ) . Antioxidants can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation . Contents ( hide ) 1 Chemistry and nutrition 2 Role of dietary fats in insulin resistance 3 Membrane composition as a metabolic pacemaker 4 See also 5 References Chemistry and Nutrition. ( edit ) Amounts of fat types in selected foods Double bonds may be in either a cis or a trans isomer , depending on the geometry of the double bond . In the cis isomer , hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the double bond ; whereas in the trans isomer , they are on opposite sides of the double bond ( see trans fat ) . Saturated fats are useful in processed foods because saturated fats are less vulnerable to rancidity and usually more solid at room temperature than unsaturated fats . Unsaturated chains have a lower melting point , hence these molecules increase the fluidity of cell membranes . Although both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats can replace saturated fat in the diet , trans unsaturated fats should not . Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats helps lower levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the blood . Trans unsaturated fats are an exception because the double bond stereochemistry predisposes the carbon chains to assume a linear conformation , which conforms to rigid packing as in plaque formation . The geometry of the cis double bond induces a bend in the molecule , thereby precluding rigid formations ( see Trans fat § Chemistry links above for drawings that illustrate this ) . Natural sources of fatty acids ( see above ) are rich in the cis isomer . Although polyunsaturated fats are protective against cardiac arrhythmias , a study of post-menopauseal women with a relatively low fat intake showed that polyunsaturated fat is positively associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis , whereas monounsaturated fat is not . This probably is an indication of the greater vulnerability of polyunsaturated fats to lipid peroxidation , against which vitamin E has been shown to be protective . Examples of unsaturated fatty acids are palmitoleic acid , oleic acid , myristoleic acid , linoleic acid , and arachidonic acid . Foods containing unsaturated fats include avocado , nuts , and vegetable oils such as canola and olive oils . Meat products contain both saturated and unsaturated fats . Although unsaturated fats are conventionally regarded as ' healthier ' than saturated fats , the United States Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) recommendation stated that the amount of unsaturated fat consumed should not exceed 30 % of one 's daily caloric intake . Most foods contain both unsaturated and saturated fats . Marketers advertise only one or the other , depending on which one makes up the majority . Thus , various unsaturated fat vegetable oils , such as olive oils , also contain saturated fat . In chemical analysis , fatty acids are separated by gas chromatography of methyl esters ; additionally , a separation of unsaturated isomers is possible by argentation thin - layer chromatography . ( show ) Fat composition in different foods view talk Food Saturated Mono - unsaturated Poly - unsaturated As weight percent ( % ) of total fat Cooking oils Canola oil 08 64 28 Coconut oil 87 13 00 Corn oil 13 24 59 Cottonseed oil 27 19 54 Olive oil 14 73 11 Palm kernel oil 86 12 02 Palm oil 51 39 10 Peanut oil 17 46 32 Rice bran oil 25 38 37 Safflower oil , high oleic 06 75 14 Safflower oil , linoleic 06 14 75 Soybean oil 15 24 58 Sunflower oil 11 20 69 Dairy products Butterfat 66 30 04 Cheese , regular 64 29 03 Cheese , light 60 30 00 Ice cream , gourmet 62 29 04 Ice cream , light 62 29 04 Milk , whole 62 28 04 Milk , 2 % 62 30 00 * Whipping cream 66 26 05 Meats Beef 33 38 05 Ground sirloin 38 44 04 Pork chop 35 44 08 Ham 35 49 16 Chicken breast 29 34 21 Chicken 34 23 30 Turkey breast 30 20 30 Turkey drumstick 32 22 30 Fish , orange roughy 23 15 46 Salmon 28 33 28 Hot dog , beef 42 48 05 Hot dog , turkey 28 40 22 Burger , fast food 36 44 06 Cheeseburger , fast food 43 40 07 Breaded chicken sandwich 20 39 32 Grilled chicken sandwich 26 42 20 Sausage , Polish 37 46 11 Sausage , turkey 28 40 22 Pizza , sausage 41 32 20 Pizza , cheese 60 28 05 Nuts Almonds dry roasted 09 65 21 Cashews dry roasted 20 59 17 Macadamia dry roasted 15 79 02 Peanut dry roasted 14 50 31 Pecans dry roasted 08 62 25 Flaxseeds , ground 08 23 65 Sesame seeds 14 38 44 Soybeans 14 22 57 Sunflower seeds 11 19 66 Walnuts dry roasted 09 23 63 Sweets and baked goods Candy , chocolate bar 59 33 03 Candy , fruit chews 14 44 38 Cookie , oatmeal raisin 22 47 27 Cookie , chocolate chip 35 42 18 Cake , yellow 60 25 10 Pastry , Danish 50 31 14 Fats added during cooking or at the table Butter , stick 63 29 03 Butter , whipped 62 29 04 Margarine , stick 18 39 39 Margarine , tub 16 33 49 Margarine , light tub 19 46 33 Lard 39 45 11 Shortening 25 45 26 Chicken fat 30 45 21 Beef fat 41 43 03 Dressing , blue cheese 16 54 25 Dressing , light Italian 14 24 58 Other Egg yolk fat 36 44 16 Avocado 16 71 13 Unless else specified in boxes , then reference is : * 3 % is trans fats Role of dietary fats in insulin resistance ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Incidence of Insulin resistance is lowered with diets higher in monounsaturated fats ( especially oleic acid ) , while the opposite is true for diets high in polyunsaturated fats ( especially large amounts of arachidonic acid ) as well as saturated fats ( such as arachidic acid ) . These ratios can be indexed in the phospholipids of human skeletal muscle and in other tissues as well . This relationship between dietary fats and insulin resistance is presumed secondary to the relationship between insulin resistance and inflammation , which is partially modulated by dietary fat ratios ( Omega - 3 / 6 / 9 ) with both omega 3 and 9 thought to be anti-inflammatory , and omega 6 pro-inflammatory ( as well as by numerous other dietary components , particularly polyphenols and exercise , with both of these anti-inflammatory ) . Although both pro - and anti-inflammatory types of fat are biologically necessary , fat dietary ratios in most US diets are skewed towards Omega 6 , with subsequent disinhibition of inflammation and potentiation of insulin resistance . But this is contrary to the suggestion of more recent studies , in which polyunsaturated fats are shown as protective against insulin resistance . Membrane composition as a metabolic pacemaker ( edit ) Studies on the cell membranes of mammals and reptiles discovered that mammalian cell membranes are composed of a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids ( DHA , omega - 3 fatty acid ) than reptiles Studies on bird fatty acid composition have noted similar proportions to mammals but with 1 / 3rd less omega - 3 fatty acids as compared to omega - 6 for a given body size . This fatty acid composition results in a more fluid cell membrane but also one that is permeable to various ions ( H+ & Na+ ) , resulting in cell membranes that are more costly to maintain . This maintenance cost has been argued to be one of the key causes for the high metabolic rates and concomitant warm - bloodedness of mammals and birds . However polyunsaturation of cell membranes may also occur in response to chronic cold temperatures as well . In fish increasingly cold environments lead to increasingly high cell membrane content of both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids , to maintain greater membrane fluidity ( and functionality ) at the lower temperatures . See also ( edit ) Iodine value -- a chemical analysis method to determine the proportion of unsaturated fat . List of unsaturated fatty acids References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Reiner Željko ; et al. ( 28 June 2011 ) . `` ESC / EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias : the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) and the European Atherosclerosis Society ( EAS ) '' . European Heart Journal . 32 ( 14 ) : 1769 -- 818 . doi : 10.1016 / j. atherosclerosis. 2011.06. 012 . PMID 21723445 . Jump up ^ Dariush Mozaffarian ; Rimm , EB ; Herrington , DM ( 1 November 2004 ) . `` Dietary fats , carbohydrate , and progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women '' . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80 ( 5 ) : 1175 -- 84 . PMC 1270002 . PMID 15531663 . Jump up ^ B Leibovitz ; Hu , ML ; Tappel , AL ( 1990 ) . `` Dietary supplements of vitamin E , beta - carotene , coenzyme Q10 and selenium protect tissues against lipid peroxidation in rat tissue slices '' . The Journal of Nutrition. 120 ( 1 ) : 97 -- 104 . PMID 2303916 . Jump up ^ Fats and sugars . BBC Health , retrieved 2013 - 04 - 07 ^ Jump up to : LH Storlien ; Baur , LA ; Kriketos , AD ; Pan , DA ; Cooney , GJ ; Jenkins , AB ; Calvert , GD ; Campbell , LV ( 1996 ) . `` Dietary fats and insulin action '' . Diabetologica. 39 ( 6 ) : 621 -- 31 . doi : 10.1007 / BF00418533 . PMID 8781757 . Jump up ^ B. Breuer , T. Stuhlfauth et H.P. Fock , Separation of fatty acids or methyl esters including positional and geometric isomers by alumina argentation thin - layer chromatography , J. Chromatogr . Sci. 25 ( 1987 ) , S. 302 -- 306 ( 1 ) ^ Jump up to : Anderson . `` Fatty acid composition of fats and oils '' ( PDF ) . UCCS . Retrieved April 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` NDL / FNIC Food Composition Database Home Page '' . Nal.usda.gov . Retrieved May 21 , 2013 . Jump up ^ USDA → Basic Report : 04042 , Oil , peanut , salad or cooking Retrieved on January 16 , 2015 Jump up ^ nutritiondata.com → Oil , vegetable safflower , oleic Retrieved on April 10 , 2017 Jump up ^ nutritiondata.com → Oil , vegetable safflower , linoleic Retrieved on April 10 , 2017 Jump up ^ nutritiondata.com → Oil , vegetable , sunflower Retrieved on September 27 , 2010 Jump up ^ USDA Basic Report Cream , fluid , heavy whipping Jump up ^ nutritiondata.com → Egg , yolk , raw , fresh Retrieved on August 24 , 2009 Jump up ^ `` 09038 , Avocados , raw , California '' . National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference , Release 26 . United States Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service . Retrieved 14 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Feinberg School > Nutrition > Nutrition Fact Sheet : Lipids '' . Northwestern University . Archived from the original on 2011 - 07 - 20 . ^ Jump up to : Hulbert , A.J. , Else , P.L. 1999 . Membranes as Possible Pacemakers of Metabolism . J. Theor. Biol. 199 : 257 -- 274 . Jump up ^ Hulbert , A.J. , Faulks , S. , Buttemer , W.A. , Else , P.L. 2002 . Acyl Composition of Muscle Membranes Varies with Body Size in Birds. J. Exp. Biol. 205 : 3561 -- 3569 . Jump up ^ AJ Hulbert ( 2003 ) . `` Life , death and membrane bilayers '' . The Journal of Experimental Biology . 206 ( Pt 14 ) : 2303 -- 11 . doi : 10.1242 / jeb. 00399 . PMID 12796449 . Jump up ^ Raynard , R.S. , Cossins , A.R. 1991 . Homeoviscous Adaptation and Thermal Compensation of Sodium Pump of Trout Erythrocytes . Am. J. Physiol . Regul . Integr . Comp . Physiol. 260 : R916 -- R924 . ( hide ) Types of lipids General Saturation : Saturated fat Unsaturated fat Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat Essential fatty acid Other : Fat Oil Geometry Trans fat Omega - 3 fatty acid Omega - 6 fatty acid Omega - 9 fatty acid Eicosanoids Arachidonic acid Prostaglandins Prostacyclin Thromboxane Leukotrienes Fatty acids Caprylic acid Capric acid Lauric acid Myristic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid Arachidic acid Behenic acid Lignoceric acid Glycerides Monoglyceride Diglyceride Triglyceride Triheptanoin Trimyristin Tripalmitin Tristearin Trilinolein Triolein Phospholipids Phosphatidylserine Phosphatidylinositol Phosphatidyl ethanolamine Cardiolipin Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Sphingolipids Ceramide Steroids Cholesterol Corticosteroids Sex steroids Secosteroids Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unsaturated_fat&oldid=813413418 '' Categories : Carboxylic acids Fatty acids Food science Lipids Nutrition Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from January 2015 All articles needing rewrite All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017 Hidden templates using styles Articles needing additional references from January 2015 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch ދިވެހިބަސް Español فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Melayu Mirandés Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Português Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 3 December 2017 , at 15 : 51 . 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Question: unsaturated fats are comprised of lipids that contain


Ghosts of Girlfriends Past - wikipedia Ghosts of Girlfriends Past Jump to : navigation , search Ghosts of Girlfriends Past Promotional film poster Directed by Mark Waters Produced by Brad Epstein Jonathan Shestack Written by Jon Lucas Scott Moore Starring Matthew McConaughey Jennifer Garner Breckin Meyer Lacey Chabert Robert Forster Anne Archer Emma Stone Michael Douglas Music by Rolfe Kent Cinematography Daryn Okada Edited by Bruce Green Distributed by New Line Cinema Release date May 1 , 2009 ( 2009 - 05 - 01 ) Running time 95 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $37.5 million Box office $102.2 million Ghosts of Girlfriends Past is a 2009 American romantic comedy film whose plot is based on Charles Dickens ' A Christmas Carol . Mark Waters directed a script by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore . Filming spanned February 19 , 2008 to July 2008 in Massachusetts with stars Matthew McConaughey , Breckin Meyer , Jennifer Garner , Lacey Chabert and Michael Douglas . The film was released on May 1 , 2009 . Ghosts of Girlfriends Past features a wedding day and the day before , rather than the familiar Christmas and Christmas Eve from A Christmas Carol . The three ghosts share similar appearances with the original descriptions , and the film shares the traditional plot points from the book . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Soundtrack 5 Reception 5.1 Critical reaction 5.2 Box office 6 Home media 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Plot ( edit ) Connor Mead ( Matthew McConaughey ) is a famous photographer and confirmed womanizer . He takes a break from his playboy lifestyle to attend his brother Paul 's wedding , where he becomes reacquainted with Jenny Perotti ( Jennifer Garner ) , Connor 's childhood friend and the only girl who 's ever captured his heart . After Connor delivers a drunken speech at the rehearsal dinner where he says that love is n't real , he 's met in the bathroom by the ghost of his uncle Wayne ( Michael Douglas ) , a roué who taught Connor everything he knows about seducing women . Wayne informs Connor that , over the course of the evening , he will be visited by three ghosts who will lead him through his romantic past , present , and future . The first ghost is the `` Ghost of Girlfriends Past '' in the form of Allison Vandermeersh ( Emma Stone ) , one of his high school girlfriends and his first lover . Together , they revisit scenes from his past , focusing on his relationship with Jenny . In 1982 , Connor and Jenny were very close as children ; she gave him his first instant camera which he used to take her picture , promising to keep it forever . When Connor 's parents died in a car accident , Jenny consoles Connor throughout the years without them , as she , his brother Paul and his uncle Wayne were all he had left . By middle school , the two were on the verge of romance , but Connor 's hesitation at asking her for a dance caused Jenny to dance with and kiss another boy . Heartbroken , Connor was told by Wayne that he must avoid romance at all costs in order not to feel such pain again . For the next two years , Wayne schooled Connor in the art of seduction . When he next saw Jenny , at a high school party , Connor ignored her and kissed another girl named Allison , whom he had his first sexual encounter with . Several years later , as adults , Connor and Jenny rekindled their romance , but Jenny forced him to woo her for several weeks in an attempt to rid him of his womanizing ways . After they finally did have sex , Connor falls in love with her , but when he lies in bed with her to fall asleep beside her , he remembers his uncle Wayne 's warnings about sleeping and spooning with the opposite sex after a night of passion . Realizing this , he panics , running out on her so he wo n't be hurt . The next morning , Jenny wakes up alone and broken - hearted . His relationships thereafter consisted of a series of very short flings . Awakening back in the Mead mansion in the present , Connor accidentally destroys Paul and Sandra 's ( his bride - to - be ) wedding cake and unsuccessfully attempts to reconcile with Jenny . After his failed attempt , Connor returns to his uncle Wayne 's room and finds another woman awaiting him in his bed and , fearing that this woman was the next `` Ghost '' to accompany him on his journey to show him how he became `` himself '' , panics and runs out of his room , though it 's clear after he leaves that the woman in the bed awaiting him is actually one of the bridesmaids hoping to have sex with him . As he storms out of the house , he is confronted by the `` Ghost of Girlfriends Present '' in the form of his assistant Melanie ( Noureen DeWulf ) , the only constant female figure in his life . With her , he sees that in his absence the other wedding guests make fun of him and his shallow lifestyle . Paul stands up for his brother , recalling that Connor helped raise him after their parents ' death , and expresses his hope that Connor will someday change for the better . As the bridemaids discusse their love lives , one of them makes a remark about Jenny being emotionally twisted beyond recognition by Connor to the point that she 's unable to move on to a new relationship . Jenny hears this and though Sandra tries to comfort her , Jenny leaves the room hurt and in tears . Melanie guides Connor to the kitchen to show him a crying Jenny as she tries to repair Paul and Sandra 's wedding cake . Connor also sees that Jenny is being comforted by Brad ( Daniel Sunjata ) , and is upset that his own actions and attitude are bringing the two closer . He is further upset to discover that Melanie and the three women whom he previously broke up with by conference call are bonding over his disregard for their feelings . Returning to the house , Connor finds Sandra furious at learning that Paul had slept with one of her bridesmaids very early in their relationship , information that Connor had let slip earlier in the evening . Connor attempts to mend the situation but only makes things worse , and Paul tells him to leave . On his way out , he is confronted by the `` Ghost of Girlfriends Future '' ( Olga Maliouk ) , who takes him forward in time to see that Jenny marries Brad while Paul remains alone . Further in the future , Paul is the only mourner at Connor 's funeral . Wayne appears and tells Connor that this is his future if he continues on the same path , pushing him into the grave to be buried by his many ex-girlfriends . Connor awakens in the Mead home and learns that Sandra has called off the wedding and is on her way to the airport . He intercepts the bridal party and convinces Sandra to forgive Paul by sharing lessons learned from his own mistakes , particularly that the pain of heartbreak is outweighed by the regret of never risking one 's heart in the first place , something he admits to always regretting having done . Connor helps Jenny to restart the wedding , which he photographs , and afterwards he reconciles with Jenny by showing her the picture he still carries of her as a child and by promising to always be there when she wakes up . The two kiss and dance in the snow to the same song Connor once hesitated to ask her to dance to . Meanwhile , Wayne tries to hit on the ghost of girlfriends future , but she magically vanishes after throwing a drink in his face . Then he tries to hit on the ghost of girlfriends present , but Melanie informs Wayne she is one of the attendees and vanishes . Melanie and Brad start talking and then dancing . Wayne is left with the ghost of girlfriends past , Allison , who is not interested since she is only 16 . Wayne says that they are ghosts and therefore ageless . Cast ( edit ) Matthew McConaughey as Connor ' Dutch ' Mead Devin Brochu as Young Connor Logan Miller as Teenage Connor Jennifer Garner as Jenny Perotti Kasey Russell as Young Jenny Christa B. Allen as Teenage Jenny Michael Douglas as Wayne S. Mead Breckin Meyer as Paul Mead Lacey Chabert as Sandra Volkom Robert Forster as Sergeant Major Mervis Volkom Daniel Sunjata as Brad Frye Emma Stone as Allison Vandermeersh , the Ghost of Girlfriends Past Noureen DeWulf as Melanie , the Ghost of Girlfriends Present Drew Barrymore as the Ghost of Girlfriends Future Anne Archer as Vonda Volkom Amanda Walsh as Denice Camille Guaty as Donna Rachel Boston as Deena Christina Milian as Kalia Emily Foxler as Nadja Production ( edit ) Ghosts of Girlfriends Past was originally set up at Touchstone Pictures with Ben Affleck attached to play the lead character , but he opted out of the movie . It was primarily filmed at Castle Hill in Ipswich , Massachusetts The film was also the first pairing of Michael Douglas and Anne Archer since the 1987 hit thriller Fatal Attraction , although they shared no scenes together . Jennifer Garner and Christa B. Allen again appear together for the first time since 13 Going on 30 in 2004 , and they again play the older and younger versions of the same character . Ghosts of Girlfriends Past was cast by veteran Hollywood casting director Marci Liroff . Soundtrack ( edit ) `` Ghosts of Girlfriends Past '' - All Too Much featuring Matthew Sweet `` Hush '' - Gavin Rossdale `` Got a Lot of Love for You Baby '' - The Ralph Sall Experience `` Keep on Loving You '' - REO Speedwagon `` You Ca n't Hurry Love '' - The Ralph Sall Experience `` Ladies Night '' - Kool & the Gang `` The Safety Dance '' - Men Without Hats `` Yeah ( Dream of Me ) '' - All Too Much `` Holding Back the Years '' - Simply Red `` Sleep '' - All Too Much Reception ( edit ) Critical reaction ( edit ) As of January 2011 , the film received negative reviews and holds a 26 % rating on the website Rotten Tomatoes , based on 140 reviews . Metacritic lists it with a 34 out of 100 , which indicates `` generally unfavorable reviews '' , based on 29 reviews . Box Office ( edit ) On the film 's opening weekend , it debuted at # 2 with a gross of $15.4 million ( 3,175 theaters , $4,854 average ) , far behind X-Men Origins : Wolverine 's $85.1 million gross . The film made $55.3 million in the United States and Canada along with $47 million from foreign territories for a worldwide total of $102.2 million . Home media ( edit ) The film was released on DVD on September 22 , 2009 . See also ( edit ) List of ghost films References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Ghosts of Girlfriends Past ( 2009 ) '' . Box Office Mojo. 2009 - 08 - 13 . Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 05 . Jump up ^ `` The Ghosts of Girlfriends Past - Release Dates '' . 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Ghosts of Girlfriends Past '' . Filmfreakcentral.net. 2009 - 05 - 01 . Archived from the original on 2012 - 03 - 06 . Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 05 . Jump up ^ `` Locations '' . Jump up ^ `` Ghosts of Girlfriend 's Past '' . IGN Entertainment . Rotten Tomatoes. 2009 . Retrieved January 10 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Ghosts of Girlfriend 's Past : Reviews '' . Metacritic. 2009 . Retrieved May 24 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Box Office Mojo '' . Box Office Mojo. 2009 - 05 - 04 . Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 05 . Jump up ^ O'Connell , Sean ( May 1 , 2009 ) . `` Ghosts of Girlfriends Past '' . filmcritic.com . Archived from the original on December 30 , 2011 . Retrieved January 10 , 2011 . External links ( edit ) Official website Ghosts of Girlfriends Past on IMDb Ghosts of Girlfriends Past at AllMovie Ghosts of Girlfriends Past at Box Office Mojo Ghosts of Girlfriends Past at Rotten Tomatoes Charles Dickens 's A Christmas Carol Characters Ebenezer Scrooge Bob Cratchit Mr. Fezziwig Ghost of Christmas Past Ghost of Christmas Present Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come Jacob Marley Tiny Tim Films Scrooge , or , Marley 's Ghost A Christmas Carol ( 1908 ) A Christmas Carol ( 1910 ) Scrooge ( 1913 ) Scrooge ( 1935 ) A Christmas Carol ( 1938 ) Scrooge ( 1951 ) It 's Never Too Late A Christmas Carol ( 1960 ) Scrooge ( 1970 ) A Christmas Carol ( 1971 ) An American Christmas Carol Mickey 's Christmas Carol Scrooged The Muppet Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol ( 1997 ) A Diva 's Christmas Carol Christmas Carol : The Movie A Carol Christmas Springtime with Roo Chasing Christmas A Christmas Carol ( 2006 ) A Dennis the Menace Christmas An American Carol Ghosts of Girlfriends Past A Christmas Carol ( 2009 ) The Smurfs : A Christmas Carol ( 2011 ) Television `` The Christmas Carol '' ( 1949 ) A Christmas Carol ( 1954 ) Mister Magoo 's Christmas Carol A Carol for Another Christmas Rich Little 's Christmas Carol A Special Sesame Street Christmas The Stingiest Man in Town Bugs Bunny 's Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol ( 1982 ) A Christmas Carol ( 1984 ) Blackadder 's Christmas Carol A Flintstones Christmas Carol Ebbie Ebenezer An All Dogs Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol ( 1999 ) A Christmas Carol ( 2000 ) An Easter Carol A Christmas Carol ( 2004 ) Karroll 's Christmas Bah , Humduck ! A Looney Tunes Christmas Nan 's Christmas Carol `` A Christmas Carol '' ( Doctor Who ) It 's Christmas , Carol ! Kelly Clarkson 's Cautionary Christmas Music Tale Musicals Scrooge ( 1992 ) A Christmas Carol ( 1994 ) Mrs. Bob Cratchit 's Wild Christmas Binge ( 2002 ) Plays A Christmas Carol ( 1988 ) Fellow Passengers ( 2004 ) A Klingon Christmas Carol ( 2007 ) Soundtracks A Christmas Carol ( 2009 ) Doctor Who : A Christmas Carol ( 2011 ) Other Adaptations of A Christmas Carol Batman : Noël ( comic ) `` Green Christmas '' ( single ) The Misadventures of the Wholesome Twins Films directed by Mark Waters The House of Yes ( 1997 ) Head over Heels ( 2001 ) Warning : Parental Advisory ( 2002 ) Freaky Friday ( 2003 ) Mean Girls ( 2004 ) Just Like Heaven ( 2005 ) The Spiderwick Chronicles ( 2008 ) Ghosts of Girlfriends Past ( 2009 ) Mr. Popper 's Penguins ( 2011 ) Vampire Academy ( 2014 ) Bad Santa 2 ( 2016 ) Magic Camp ( TBD ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghosts_of_Girlfriends_Past&oldid=820135080 '' Categories : 2009 films English - language films 2000s romantic comedy films Films based on A Christmas Carol American Christmas films American fantasy - comedy films American romantic comedy films American films American romantic fantasy films Films about orphans Films about weddings Films directed by Mark Waters Films shot in Massachusetts Ghost films New Line Cinema films Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Suomi Svenska Tagalog Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 13 January 2018 , at 07 : 03 . 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Question: where did they film ghosts of girlfriends past

primarily filmed at Castle Hill in Ipswich, Massachusetts


A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 film ) - wikipedia A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 film ) Jump to : navigation , search A Wrinkle in Time Theatrical release poster Directed by Ava DuVernay Produced by Jim Whitaker Catherine Hand Screenplay by Jennifer Lee Jeff Stockwell Based on A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L'Engle Starring Oprah Winfrey Reese Witherspoon Mindy Kaling Gugu Mbatha - Raw Michael Peña Storm Reid Zach Galifianakis Chris Pine Music by Ramin Djawadi Cinematography Tobias A. Schliessler Edited by Spencer Averick Production companies Walt Disney Pictures Whitaker Entertainment Distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Release date February 26 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 26 ) ( El Capitan Theatre ) March 9 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 09 ) ( United States ) Running time 109 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $100 -- 130 million Box office $124.4 million A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell , based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle . The film stars Oprah Winfrey , Reese Witherspoon , Mindy Kaling , Gugu Mbatha - Raw , Michael Peña , Storm Reid , Zach Galifianakis and Chris Pine , and follows a young girl who , with the help of three astral travelers , sets off on a quest to find her father , who went missing after discovering a new planet . Principal photography began on November 2 , 2016 , in Los Angeles , California . With a production budget of over $100 million , the film became the first live - action film with a nine - digit budget to be directed by a woman of color . A Wrinkle in Time premired at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26 , 2018 , and with a theatrical release on March 9 , 2018 , through the Disney Digital 3 - D , Real D 3D , and IMAX formats . The film received mixed reviews , with critics `` taking issue with the film 's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes '' while `` celebrating its message of female empowerment and diversity '' , and has grossed $124 million worldwide against a break - even point of $400 million , thus being a box office bomb . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Filming 4 Music 5 Release 5.1 Marketing 6 Reception 6.1 Box office 6.2 Critical response 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Plot ( edit ) Thirteen - year - old Meg Murry struggles to adjust to school and home life ever since her father Alex , a well - renowned scientist , mysteriously disappeared while he was studying astrophysics . Both Meg and her mother Kate believe he solved the question of humanity 's existence and theorize he was teleported to another world . During the night , Meg 's younger brother Charles Wallace welcomes a stranger in a large white dress named Mrs. Whatsit into the Murry family house . She mentions the tesseract , a type of space - travel Alex was working on , is real , and leaves soon after . The next day , one of Meg 's classmates , Calvin O'Keefe , joins them to go to the house of Mrs. Who , another strange woman who only speaks in quotes and seems to know Charles Wallace . When Calvin joins Meg and Charles Wallace in their backyard , Mrs. Whatsit appears with Mrs. Who and another woman , Mrs. Which , who is the oldest and appears as a giant . The three reveal themselves as astral travelers , and lead Meg , Calvin , and Charles Wallace through a tesseract taking them to a distant planet named Uriel . Mrs. Whatsit transforms into a beautiful green creature , and takes the children up into the atmosphere , where they see a dark shadow known as The IT . Mrs. Which tells Meg her father 's experiments resulted in his being captured by The IT , a malevolent entity plotting to take over the universe . Gaining the women 's trust , Meg and the others tesser to another planet where a seer known as the Happy Medium resides . The Happy Medium shows them Meg 's father is trapped on a planet called Camazotz , The IT 's homeworld . Mrs. Which also explains The IT represents all of the greed , anger , pride , selfishness , and low self - esteem in the world . Showing them examples of these characteristics , Meg learns that while Calvin is popular at school , he is neglected and bullied by his father and her school enemy Veronica Kiley is extremely self - conscious . The three Mrs. propose they travel back to Earth to regroup , but Meg 's refusal messes with the tesseract , and they travel to Camazotz instead . Upon arriving on Camazotz , Mrs. Which , Mrs. Whatsit , and Mrs. Who are unable to stay because Camazotz 's evil is stronger than their light . Before they depart , they bestow gifts upon Meg ; these include Mrs. Who 's glasses , the knowledge of Meg 's faults , and the command to never separate . The trio treks through Camazotz 's hazardous traps before reaching a crowded beach where they meet the IT 's bodyguard , Red . He offers the starving children food and tells them Alex is safe and happy . He reveals to them there is nothing to worry about here , but Calvin and Meg realize something is wrong when Charles Wallace proclaims all of the food tastes like sand . When Red starts repeating the times tables , Charles Wallace is hypnotized by the rhythm , allowing the IT to take full control of his mind . When Meg and Calvin pursue Charles Wallace , they find themselves in a seemingly empty room . Using Mrs. Who 's glasses , Meg finds an invisible staircase leading to the room where her father is being kept prisoner . After bringing him out of captivity , the IT 's power allows Charles Wallace to forcefully drag them to finally meet his master . As Calvin and Meg fall under the IT 's power , Alex opens another tesser and prepares to leave with the children , abandoning Charles Wallace . Meg refuses and projects out of the tesser herself , leaving her alone . When she confronts Charles Wallace in corruption , she realizes the IT uses deception and hatred for power . Using her love for her brother and the knowledge she is imperfect , Meg frees Charles Wallace from the control of the IT and releases the control of Camazotz from the evil entity . The three Mrs. return and tell Meg her time is here to tesser for herself . Returning home , Meg thanks the women for their help and for rescuing her father and they part ways , while Veronica becomes nice to her . The film ends with the Murry family celebrating a joyful reunion and Calvin going home to confront his father . Cast ( edit ) Oprah Winfrey as Mrs. Which Reese Witherspoon as Mrs. Whatsit Mindy Kaling as Mrs. Who Storm Reid as Meg Murry , a gifted young girl Levi Miller as Calvin O'Keefe , Meg 's classmate and friend Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace Murry , Meg 's prodigious adoptive 6 - year - old brother Chris Pine as Dr. Alexander Murry , Meg and Charles Wallace 's long - lost father Zach Galifianakis as The Happy Medium Michael Peña as Red David Oyelowo as the IT , Red 's true diabolical form Gugu Mbatha - Raw as Dr. Kate Murry , Meg and Charles Wallace 's mother André Holland as Principal James Jenkins Rowan Blanchard as Veronica Kiley Bellamy Young as Camazotz Woman Conrad Roberts as Elegant Man Yvette Cason as a teacher Will McCormack as another teacher Daniel MacPherson as Calvin 's Father Production ( edit ) DuVernay became the first black woman to direct a live - action film with a budget of over $100 million . In October 2010 , it was announced that Walt Disney Pictures had retained the film rights for the 1962 novel A Wrinkle in Time , by Madeleine L'Engle , which had previously been made as a 2003 television film . Following the financial success of Tim Burton 's Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) , Disney announced that they had hired Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios . Granat had previously worked with Disney on the Chronicles of Narnia and Bridge to Terabithia films . The project 's budget was slated to be $35 million , which the company compared to District 9 and Bridge to Terabithia , both of which were made for less than $30 million . On August 5 , 2014 , Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter , taking over from Stockwell , who wrote the first draft . On February 8 , 2016 , it was reported that Ava DuVernay had been offered the job of directing the film , and she was confirmed to direct later that same month . She became the first woman of color to direct a live - action film with a production budget over $100 million . On July 26 , 2016 , Variety reported that Oprah Winfrey had began final negotiations to join the film , to play Mrs. Which , the eldest of the three Mrs. Ws , celestial beings who help guide the children along their journey . On September 7 , 2016 , Reese Witherspoon and Mindy Kaling were reported as being in talks to join the film , with Witherspoon to play Mrs. Whatsit , who presents as a chatty , grandmotherly hobo , and Kaling set for the quotation - reciting Mrs. Who . On September 13 , 2016 , Storm Reid was cast in the lead role of Meg Murry , a young girl traumatized by the disappearance of her scientist father years before . In October 2016 , Gugu Mbatha - Raw and Chris Pine were cast as the parents of Meg , Dr. Kate Murry and Dr. Alex Murry , respectively . On November 1 , 2016 , more cast were announced , including Zach Galifianakis as the Happy Medium , André Holland as Principal Jenkins , Levi Miller as Calvin , and Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace , along with Bellamy Young , Rowan Blanchard and Will McCormack . Michael Peña later also joined the cast to play the character Red . The producers on the film are James Whitaker and Catherine Hand . Filming ( edit ) Principal photography on the film began on November 2 , 2016 , in Los Angeles , California . After Los Angeles , production moved to New Zealand for two weeks . Tobias A. Schliessler was the film 's cinematographer , Naomi Shohan its production designer , Paco Delgado its costume designer , and Rich McBride its visual effects supervisor . During production , DuVernay asked McBride to be as flexible as possible on visual effects sequences to allow her to make changes and incorporate new ideas during shooting . Filming for A Wrinkle in Time took place in multiple locations including Eureka , California , in Humboldt County , starting on November 29 , 2016 . Filming also took place at Eureka 's Sequoia Park , located next to Sequoia Park Zoo . None of the film 's major actors were present in Eureka . In mid-December , Pine was spotted during filming in Los Angeles . During the last two weeks of February 2017 , filming locations for A Wrinkle in Time were established to be in Central Otago , New Zealand . Actors and crew involved were in New Zealand for the two weeks to shoot scenes in the Southern Alps , including at Hunter Valley Station near Lake Hāwea , with cast and crew treated to a traditional Māori powhiri and karakia . Filming wrapped in New Zealand 's South Island after two weeks , and DuVernay declared the cast and crew 's love for New Zealand in an Instagram post . Music ( edit ) Main article : A Wrinkle in Time ( soundtrack ) On September 28 , 2017 , Ramin Djawadi was announced as the composer for the film , replacing Jonny Greenwood , who was initially chosen to compose , and scored the film . On February 20 , 2018 , it was announced that the soundtrack would feature appearances from Sade , Sia , Kehlani , Chloe x Halle , Freestyle Fellowship , DJ Khaled , and Demi Lovato . Release ( edit ) The film was released in the United States on March 9 , 2018 . It was previously set for an April 6 , 2018 release . Marketing ( edit ) DuVernay announced a teaser trailer for the film would debut at the 2017 D23 expo ; it was released on July 15 , 2017 . Reception ( edit ) Box Office ( edit ) As of April 25 , 2018 , A Wrinkle in Time grossed $93.9 million in the United States and Canada , and just over $30.5 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $124.4 million . With a combined $250 million spent on production and advertisement , the film will need to gross at least $400 million worldwide to turn a profit . In the United States and Canada , A Wrinkle in Time was released alongside The Hurricane Heist , Gringo and The Strangers : Prey at Night , and was projected to gross $30 -- 38 million from 3,980 theaters in its opening weekend . It made $10.2 million on its first day , including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews . It went on to debut to $33.3 million , finishing second behind Disney 's own Black Panther ( $41.1 million in its fourth weekend ) . In its second weekend the film made $16.6 million , dropping 50 % to 4th place . Internationally the film opened in six countries alongside the United States and grossed $6.3 million in its opening weekend , with Russia being the largest market with $4.1 million . Critical response ( edit ) On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 39 % , based on 241 reviews , and an average rating of 5.2 / 10 . The website 's critical consensus reads , `` A Wrinkle in Time is visually gorgeous , big - hearted , and occasionally quite moving ; unfortunately , it 's also wildly ambitious to a fault , and often less than the sum of its classic parts . '' On Metacritic , which assigns normalized rating to reviews , the film has a weighted average score of 53 out of 100 , based on 50 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` B '' on an A+ to F scale , while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 75 % overall positive score ; audience members under the age of 18 gave it a respective average grade of `` A -- '' and positive score of 89 % . Alonso Duralde of TheWrap praised the film 's visuals and performances , writing , `` Awash in bold colors , bright patterns and ebullient kids , director Ava DuVernay 's new take on A Wrinkle in Time dazzles its way across time and space even if it does n't quite stick the landing . '' David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a `` C + '' and praised what he described as its ambition , saying : `` It almost does n't matter that the movie is too emotionally prescriptive to have any real power , or too high on imagination to leave any room for wonder ; DuVernay evinces such faith in who she is and what she 's doing that A Wrinkle in Time remains true to itself even when everything on screen reads false . '' Alex Hudson of Exclaim ! gave the film a 5 out of 10 , saying that it felt `` like a missed opportunity . Rather than a family classic , all we get is a perfectly fine kids movie . '' Vince Mancini of Uproxx gave the film a negative review , saying , `` ... if anything , the trouble with Wrinkle is that you never really get a sense of DuVernay 's personal touch . In fact , it feels a lot like Brad Bird 's big budget , equally smarmy 2015 Disney film , Tomorrowland . Both attempt to be so broad and universal that they feel disconnected from anything human . But universality does n't work that way , no matter how much you tell everyone to think like a kid . '' See also ( edit ) A Wrinkle in Time ( 2003 ) Afrofuturism in film Black film List of black films of the 2010s References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` A WRINKLE IN TIME ( PG ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . February 23 , 2018 . Retrieved February 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ http://thedisneyblog.com/2018/01/12/director-ava-duvernay-discusses-working-wrinkle-time/ Jump up ^ McDonald , Soraya Nadia ( March 8 , 2018 ) . `` ' A Wrinkle in Time ' has Ava DuVernay , Oprah and a $100 million budget . But it still needs a better villain '' . The Undefeated . ESPN Internet Ventures . Retrieved March 9 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Anthony D'Alessandro ( March 11 , 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' Rules 4th Frame With $41 M+ ; ' A Wrinkle In Time ' At $33 M+ : A Diversity & Disney Dominant Weekend '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved March 11 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved April 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Lieberman , David ( February 22 , 2017 ) . `` Disney Films To Show On Imax Through 2019 With New Distribution Deal '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kirsten Chuba ( March 7 , 2018 ) . `` ' A Wrinkle in Time ' Reviews : What the Critics Are Saying '' . Variety . Retrieved March 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Jacob Shamsian ( March 12 , 2018 ) . `` 5 reasons why Disney 's fantasy epic ' A Wrinkle in Time ' failed at the box office '' . Insider . Retrieved April 21 , 2018 . Jump up ^ McClintock , Pamela . `` ' A Wrinkle in Time ' : Why It Has Underperformed at the Box Office '' . Retrieved April 20 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` A Wrinkle in Time Press Kit '' ( PDF ) . wdsmediafile.com . The Walt Disney Studios . Retrieved March 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Fernandez , Jay ( October 14 , 2010 ) . `` Bedrock taps Jeff Stockwell to adapt ' Wrinkle ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved October 21 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Pond , Steve ( March 17 , 2010 ) . `` Granat Launches Family - Oriented Bedrock Studios ( Updated ) '' . TheWrap . Retrieved October 21 , 2014 . Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( August 5 , 2014 ) . `` ' Frozen ' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt ' A Wrinkle in Time ' for Disney '' . Variety . Retrieved October 21 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Han , Angie ( August 5 , 2014 ) . `` ' Frozen ' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt ' A Wrinkle in Time ' '' . / Film . Retrieved October 21 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( February 8 , 2016 ) . `` Lupita Nyong'o in Talks to Star in Sci - Fi Thriller With Ava DuVernay Eyed to Direct ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved February 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Fleming Jr , Mike ( February 23 , 2016 ) . `` Ava DuVernay Set To Direct Disney 's ' A Wrinkle In Time ' ; Script By ' Frozen 's Jennifer Lee '' . Deadline . Retrieved February 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Keegan , Rebecca ( August 3 , 2016 ) . `` With ' A Wrinkle In Time , ' Ava DuVernay will pass a milestone '' . LA Times . Retrieved November 3 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( July 26 , 2016 ) . `` Oprah Winfrey Joins Ava Duvernay 's ' A Wrinkle in Time ' Adaptation '' . Variety . Retrieved July 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( September 7 , 2016 ) . `` Reese Witherspoon , Mindy Kaling in Talks to Join Ava DuVernay 's ' A Wrinkle in Time ' ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved September 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( September 13 , 2016 ) . `` Rising Actress Storm Reid Nabs Starring Role in Ava DuVernay 's ' A Wrinkle in Time ' ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved September 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Patten , Dominic ( October 21 , 2016 ) . `` Chris Pine Joins Ava DuVernay 's ' A Wrinkle In Time ' '' . Deadline . Retrieved October 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lincoln , Ross A. ( October 20 , 2016 ) . `` Gugu Mbatha - Raw Signs On For Ava DuVernay 's ' Wrinkle In Time ' '' . Deadline . Retrieved October 22 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Wrinkle in Time Cast Announced as Filming Begins '' . ComingSoon.net . November 1 , 2016 . Retrieved November 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Michael Pena Joins Disney 's A Wrinkle in Time Movie '' . ComingSoon.net . November 2 , 2016 . Retrieved November 3 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Ava DuVernay on Facebook '' . Retrieved November 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Chitwood , Adam ( November 1 , 2016 ) . `` Ava DuVernay 's ' A Wrinkle in Time ' Finalizes Cast as Filming Begins This Week '' . Collider . Retrieved November 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Ava DuVernay on Twitter '' . Retrieved November 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hogg , Trevor ( April 3 , 2018 ) . `` A WRINKLE IN TIME : ' The Emotional Visual Effects Show ' '' . VFX Voice . Retrieved April 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Schneider , Ruth ( December 19 , 2016 ) . `` ' Postcard of Humboldt County ' : ' Wrinkle in Time ' brings local beauty to big screen '' . Redwood Times . Retrieved December 20 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Houston , Will ( November 28 , 2016 ) . `` Film production in town : ' A Wrinkle in Time ' director 's Instagram indicates filming in Eureka '' . Eureka Times - Standard . Retrieved December 20 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Chris Pine looks sports bushy beard on A Wrinkle In Time set '' . Mail Online . December 15 , 2016 . Retrieved December 20 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` A Wrinkle in Time : What you need to know about the latest movie to shoot in NZ '' . Stuff.co.nz . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Oprah : ' It 's a gorgeous day NZ ' star shares chopper ride in NZ with millions - Entertainment - NZ Herald News '' . Nzherald.co.nz . February 18 , 2017 . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` A Wrinkle in Time cast declare their love for New Zealand after filming wraps '' . Newshub.co.nz . February 26 , 2017 . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` A Wrinkle in Time Recruits Game of Thrones Composer '' . ScreenRant . September 28 , 2017 . Retrieved September 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Snetiker , Marc ( February 20 , 2018 ) . `` A Wrinkle in Time soundtrack taps Sade , Sia , Game of Thrones composer '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved February 20 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Lesnick , Silas ( April 25 , 2017 ) . `` Disney Movie Release Schedule Gets a Major Update '' . ComingSoon.net . Retrieved April 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( November 14 , 2016 ) . `` Ava DuVernay 's ' A Wrinkle In Time ' To Hit Theaters In Spring 2018 '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved November 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ @ ava ( July 3 , 2017 ) . `` Teaser trailer coming at @ D23Expo . Hope you like what you see ! ✨ '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ Hughes , Mark ( March 8 , 2018 ) . `` Review : ' A Wrinkle In Time ' Delivers Weird , Fun , And Heartfelt Family Entertainment '' . Forbes . Retrieved March 10 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Rebecca Rubin ; Dave McNary ( March 6 , 2018 ) . `` Box Office Preview : ' A Wrinkle in Time ' Looks to Lure Kids as ' Black Panther ' Stays Muscular '' . Variety . Retrieved March 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Anthony D'Alessandro ( March 18 , 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' Keeps B.O. Treasure From ' Tomb Raider ' ; How ' I Can Only Imagine ' Hit A $17 M High Note '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved March 18 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Nancy Tartaglione ( March 11 , 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' Tops $500 M Overseas , $1 B WW With $67 M China Bow ; ' Tomb Raider ' Kicks Off -- International Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved March 11 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes ( Fandango Media ) . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` A Wrinkle in Time Reviews '' . Metacritic ( CBS Interactive ) . Retrieved April 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Durande , Alonso ( March 7 , 2018 ) . `` ' A Wrinkle in Time ' Film Review : Oprah Hitchhikes the Galaxy in Trippy Kiddie Treat '' . TheWrap . Retrieved March 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Ehrlich , David ( March 7 , 2018 ) . `` ' A Wrinkle in Time ' Review : Ava DuVernay 's Eye - Popping Spectacle Proves that a Little Imagination Can Go a Long Way '' . Indiewire . Retrieved March 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Hudson , Alex ( March 7 , 2018 ) . `` ' A Wrinkle In Time ' review '' . Exclaim ! . Retrieved March 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Mancini , Vince ( March 7 , 2018 ) . `` ' A Wrinkle In Time ' Is A Series Of Affirmations In Search Of A Story '' . Uproxx . Retrieved March 7 , 2018 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 film ) Official website A Wrinkle in Time on IMDb Works of Ava DuVernay Films directed This Is the Life ( 2008 ) I Will Follow ( 2010 ) Middle of Nowhere ( 2012 ) Selma ( 2014 ) 13th ( 2016 ) A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 ) Television series Queen Sugar ( 2016 -- present ) Films by Jennifer Lee Screenplay and directed Frozen ( 2013 ) Frozen Fever ( 2015 ) Frozen 2 ( 2019 ) Screenplay and story only Wreck - It Ralph ( 2012 ) Zootopia ( 2016 ) A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 ) Madeleine L'Engle Time Quintet A Wrinkle in Time A Wind in the Door Many Waters A Swiftly Tilting Planet An Acceptable Time Polly O'Keefe series The Arm of the Starfish Dragons in the Waters A House Like a Lotus An Acceptable Time Austin family series The Twenty - four Days Before Christmas A Full House : An Austin Family Christmas The Anti-Muffins Meet the Austins The Moon by Night The Young Unicorns A Ring of Endless Light Troubling a Star Katherine Forrester series The Small Rain A Severed Wasp Camilla Dickinson series Camilla Dickinson A Live Coal in the Sea Other fiction Ilsa And Both Were Young The Other Side of the Sun Certain Women A Winter 's Love The Joys of Love Characters Major characters in the works of Madeleine L'Engle Meg Murry Charles Wallace Murry Calvin O'Keefe Sandy and Dennys Murry Polly O'Keefe Vicky Austin Canon Tallis Adam Eddington Zachary Gray Other Places in the works of Madeleine L'Engle Echthroi Kything Hugh Franklin A Wrinkle in Time ( 2003 film ) A Ring of Endless Light ( film ) A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 film ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Wrinkle_in_Time_(2018_film)&oldid=838458377 '' Categories : 2018 films English - language films 2010s fantasy films 2010s adventure films 2010s science fiction films American films American fantasy adventure films American science fantasy films American science fiction films American space adventure films Films based on American novels Films based on children 's books Films based on fantasy novels Films based on science fiction novels Films scored by Ramin Djawadi Films directed by Ava DuVernay Films set in Los Angeles Films shot in Los Angeles Films shot in New Zealand Screenplays by Jennifer Lee ( filmmaker ) Performance capture in film Science fiction adventure films Time travel films Time Quintet Walt Disney Pictures films Films about time Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from March 2018 Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters Pages using Columns - list with deprecated parameters Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2018 All articles containing potentially dated statements Official website not in Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Magyar Português Русский Simple English Suomi ไทย Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 10 more Edit links This page was last edited on 27 April 2018 , at 04 : 05 . 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Question: when does a wrinkle in time come out in canada