Twenty20 - wikipedia Twenty20 Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the sport of cricket ; `` Twenty20 '' , the professional version of the game . For details on amateur twenty over cricket , see Short form cricket . For the Malayalam film , see Twenty : 20 ( film ) . For other uses , see 2020 ( disambiguation ) . A Twenty20 match between England and Sri Lanka at the Hampshire Rose Bowl on 15 June 2006 Twenty20 cricket , sometimes written Twenty - 20 , and often abbreviated to T20 , is a short form of cricket . At the professional level , it was originally introduced by the England and Wales Cricket Board ( ECB ) in 2003 for the inter-county competition in England and Wales . In a Twenty20 game the two teams have a single innings each , which is restricted to a maximum of 20 overs . Together with first - class and List A cricket , Twenty20 is one of the three current forms of cricket recognised by the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) as being at the highest international or domestic level . A typical Twenty20 game is completed in about three hours , with each innings lasting around 75 -- 90 minutes and a 10 -- 20 - minute interval . This is much shorter than previously - existing forms of the game , and is closer to the timespan of other popular team sports . It was introduced to create a fast - paced form of the game which would be attractive to spectators at the ground and viewers on television . Since its inception the game has been very successful resulting in its spread around the cricket world . On most international tours there is at least one Twenty20 match and all Test - playing nations have a domestic cup competition . The inaugural ICC World Twenty20 was played in South Africa in 2007 with India winning by five runs against Pakistan in the final . Pakistan won the second tournament in 2009 , and England won the title in the West Indies 2010 . West Indies won in 2012 , with Sri Lanka winning the 2014 tournament . West Indies are the reigning champions , winning the 2016 competition , and in doing so , became the first nation to win the tournament twice . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Origins 1.2 Spread worldwide 1.3 Twenty20 Internationals 1.4 Impact on the game 2 Match format and rules 2.1 Format 2.2 General rules 2.3 Tie deciders 3 International 3.1 T20 International rankings 4 Domestic 5 Records 6 References 7 External links History ( edit ) Origins ( edit ) Former England batsman Andrew Strauss batting for Middlesex against Surrey When the Benson & Hedges Cup ended in 2002 , the ECB needed another one day competition to fill its place . Cricketing authorities were looking to boost the game 's popularity with the younger generation in response to dwindling crowds and reduced sponsorship . It was intended to deliver fast paced , exciting cricket accessible to thousands of fans who were put off by the longer versions of the game . Stuart Robertson , the marketing manager of the ECB , proposed a 20 over per innings game to county chairmen in 2001 and they voted 11 -- 7 in favour of adopting the new format . The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup . The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success , with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title . The first Twenty20 match held at Lord 's , on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey , attracted a crowd of 27,509 , the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground -- other than a one - day final -- since 1953 . Spread worldwide ( edit ) Thirteen teams from different parts of the country participated in Pakistan 's inaugural competition in 2004 , with Faisalabad Wolves the first winners . On 12 January 2005 Australia 's first Twenty20 game was played at the WACA Ground between the Western Warriors and the Victorian Bushrangers . It drew a sell - out crowd of 20,000 , which was the first time in nearly 25 years the ground had been completely sold out . Starting 11 July 2006 19 West Indies regional teams competed in what was named the Stanford 20 / 20 tournament . The event was financially backed by billionaire Allen Stanford , who gave at least US $28,000,000 funding money . It was intended that the tournament would be an annual event . Guyana won the inaugural event , defeating Trinidad and Tobago by 5 wickets , securing US $1,000,000 in prize money . On 5 January 2007 Queensland Bulls played the New South Wales Blues at The Gabba , Brisbane . A crowd of 11,000 was expected based on pre-match ticket sales . However , an unexpected 16,000 turned up on the day to buy tickets , causing disruption and confusion for surprised Gabba staff as they were forced to throw open gates and grant many fans free entry . Attendance reached 27,653 . For 1 February 2008 Twenty20 match between Australia and India , 85,824 people attended the match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground involving the Twenty20 World Champions against the ODI World Champions . The Stanford Super Series was held in October 2008 between Middlesex and Trinidad and Tobago , the respective winners of the English and Caribbean Twenty20 competitions , and a Stanford Superstars team formed from West Indies domestic players ; Trinidad and Tobago won the competition , securing US $280,000 prize money . On 1 November , the Stanford Superstars played England in what was expected to be the first of five fixtures in as many years with the winner claiming a US $20,000,000 in each match . The Stanford Superstars won the first match , however no further fixtures were held as Allen Stanford was charged with fraud in 2009 . Twenty20 Internationals ( edit ) Main articles : Twenty20 International and Women 's Twenty20 International The first Twenty20 International match was held on 5 August 2004 between the England and New Zealand women 's teams with New Zealand winning by nine runs On 17 February 2005 Australia defeated New Zealand in the first men 's full international Twenty20 match , played at Eden Park in Auckland . The game was played in a light - hearted manner -- both sides turned out in kit similar to that worn in the 1980s , the New Zealand team 's a direct copy of that worn by the Beige Brigade . Some of the players also sported moustaches / beards and hair styles popular in the 1980s taking part in a competition amongst themselves for best retro look , at the request of the Beige Brigade . Australia won the game comprehensively , and as the result became obvious towards the end of the NZ innings , the players and umpires took things less seriously -- Glenn McGrath jokingly replayed the Trevor Chappell underarm incident from a 1981 ODI between the two sides , and Billy Bowden showed him a mock red card ( red cards are not normally used in cricket ) in response . The first Twenty20 international in England was played between England and Australia at the Rose Bowl in Hampshire on 13 June 2005 , which England won by a margin of 100 runs , a record victory which lasted until 2007 . On 9 January 2006 Australia and South Africa met in the first international Twenty20 game in Australia . In a first , each player 's nickname appeared on the back of his uniform , rather than his surname . The international match drew a crowd of 38,894 people at The Gabba . Australia convincingly won the match with man of the match Damien Martyn scoring 96 runs . On 16 February 2006 New Zealand defeated West Indies in a tie - breaking bowl - out 3 -- 0 ; 126 runs were scored apiece in the game proper . The game was the last international match played by Chris Cairns -- NZC handed out life - size cardboard masks of his face to patrons as they entered the ground . Every two years an ICC World Twenty20 tournament is to take place , except in the event of an ICC Cricket World Cup being scheduled in the same year , in which case it will be held the year before . The first tournament was in 2007 in South Africa where India defeated Pakistan in the final . Two Associate teams had played in the first tournament , selected through the 2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One , a 50 - over competition . In December 2007 it was decided to hold a qualifying tournament with a 20 - over format to better prepare the teams . With six participants , two would qualify for the 2009 World Twenty20 and would each receive $250,000 in prize money . The second tournament was won by Pakistan who beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets in England on 21 June 2009 . The 2010 ICC World Twenty20 tournament was held in West Indies in May 2010 , where England defeated Australia by 7 wickets . The 2012 ICC World Twenty20 was won by the West - Indies , by defeating Sri Lanka at the finals . It was the first time in Cricket history when a T20 World Cup tournament took place in an Asian country . The 2014 ICC World Twenty20 was won by Sri Lanka , by defeating India at the finals , where the tournament was held in Bangladesh . The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 was won by West - Indies , by defeating England at the finals , where the tournament was held in India . Impact on the game ( edit ) Twenty20 matches can have some exciting displays such as when the batsmen run out to the pitch Twenty20 cricket is claimed to have resulted in a more athletic and explosive form of cricket . Indian fitness coach Ramji Srinivasan declared in an interview with the Indian fitness website Takath.com , that Twenty20 had `` raised the bar '' in terms of fitness levels for all players , demanding higher levels of strength , speed , agility and reaction time from all players regardless of role in the team . Matthew Hayden credited retirement from international cricket with aiding his performance in general and fitness in particular in the Indian Premier League . In June 2009 , speaking at the annual Cowdrey Lecture at Lord 's , former Australian wicketkeeper Adam Gilchrist pushed for Twenty20 to be made an Olympic sport . `` It would , '' he said , `` be difficult to see a better , quicker or cheaper way of spreading the game throughout the world . '' Match format and Rules ( edit ) Format ( edit ) Twenty20 match format is a form of limited overs cricket in that it involves two teams , each with a single innings , the key feature being that each team bats for a maximum of 20 overs . In terms of visual format , the batting team members do not arrive from and depart to traditional dressing rooms , but come and go from a bench ( typically a row of chairs ) visible in the playing arena , analogous to association football 's technical area or a baseball dugout . Middlesex playing against Surrey at Lord 's , in front of a 28,000 - strong crowd General Rules ( edit ) The Laws of cricket apply to Twenty20 , with some exceptions : Each bowler may bowl a maximum of only one - fifth of the total overs per innings . For a full , uninterrupted match , this is 4 overs . If a bowler delivers a no ball by overstepping the popping crease , it costs 1 run and his next delivery is designated a `` free - hit '' . In this circumstance the batsman can only be dismissed through a run out , hitting the ball twice , obstructing the field or handling the ball . The following fielding restrictions apply : No more than five fielders can be on the leg side at any time . During the first six overs , a maximum of two fielders can be outside the 30 - yard circle ( this is known as the powerplay ) . After the first six overs , a maximum of five fielders can be outside the fielding circle . If the fielding team does not start to bowl their 20th over within 75 minutes , the batting side is credited an extra six runs for every whole over bowled after the 75 - minute mark ; the umpire may add more time to this if he believes the batting team is wasting time . Tie deciders ( edit ) Main article : Super Over Currently , if the match ends with the scores tied and there must be a winner , the tie is broken with a one over per side Eliminator or Super Over : Each team nominates three batsmen and one bowler to play a one - over per side `` mini-match '' . The team which bats second in the match bats first in the Super Over . In turn , each side bats one over bowled by the one nominated opposition bowler , with their innings over if they lose two wickets before the over is completed . The side with the higher score from their Super Over wins . If the super over also ends up in a tie , the team that has scored the most boundaries ( 4s + 6s ) in the 20 overs wins . In the Australian domestic competition the Big Bash League the Super Over is played slightly differently , with no 2 - wicket limit , and if the super over is also tied then a `` countback '' is used , with scores after the fifth ball for each team being used to determine the result . If it is still tied , then the countback goes to 4 balls and so on . The latest Super Over to decide a match was between the Sydney Sixers winning against the Brisbane Heat on the 25th January 2017 , in the Big Bash League at the Brisbane Cricket Ground , with the Sixers winning 0 / 22 to 0 / 15 in the Super Over after tying on 164 . Tied Twenty20 matches were previously decided by a bowl - out . International ( edit ) Main articles : Twenty20 International and Women 's Twenty20 International Women 's and men 's Twenty20 Internationals have been played since 2004 and 2005 respectively . To date , 20 nations have played the format , including all test playing nations . This considers only matches between teams with Twenty20 International status , which is limited by the International Cricket Council to a small number of top teams . Nation Date of men 's T20I debut Date of women 's T20I debut Australia 17 February 2005 2 September 2005 New Zealand 17 February 2005 5 August 2004 England 13 June 2005 5 August 2004 South Africa 21 October 2005 10 August 2007 West Indies 16 February 2006 27 June 2008 Sri Lanka 15 June 2006 12 June 2009 Pakistan 28 August 2006 25 May 2009 Bangladesh 28 November 2006 27 August 2012 Zimbabwe 28 November 2006 India 1 December 2006 5 August 2006 Kenya 1 September 2007 Scotland 12 September 2007 Netherlands 2 August 2008 27 June 2008 Ireland 2 August 2008 27 June 2008 Canada 2 August 2008 Bermuda 3 August 2008 Afghanistan 2 February 2010 Nepal 16 March 2014 Hong Kong 16 March 2014 United Arab Emirates 17 March 2014 Oman 25 July 2015 T20 international rankings ( edit ) Main article : ICC World Twenty20 rankings In November 2011 , the ICC released the first Twenty20 International rankings for the men 's game , based on the same system as the Test and ODI rankings . The rankings cover a 2 to 3 - year period , with matches since the most recent 1 August weighted fully , matches in the preceding 12 months weighted two - thirds , and matches in the 12 months preceding that weighted one - third . To qualify for the rankings , teams must have played at least eight Twenty20 Internationals in the ranking period . ICC T20I Championship Rank Team Matches Points Rating New Zealand 13 1,625 125 Pakistan 20 2,417 121 West Indies 20 2,395 120 England 17 2,029 119 5 India 22 2,545 116 6 Australia 15 1,665 111 7 South Africa 18 1,983 110 8 Sri Lanka 21 1,961 93 9 Afghanistan 25 2,157 86 10 Bangladesh 15 1,168 78 11 Scotland 11 737 67 12 Zimbabwe 13 842 65 13 United Arab Emirates 16 827 52 14 Netherlands 9 441 49 15 Hong Kong 13 599 46 16 Papua New Guinea 6 235 39 17 Oman 9 345 38 18 Ireland 15 534 36 Reference : ICC rankings for Tests , ODIs , Twenty20 & Women , 10 October 2017 `` Matches '' is the number of matches played in the 12 - 24 months since the May before last , plus half the number in the 24 months before that . The ICC do not maintain a separate Twenty20 ranking for the women 's game , instead aggregating performance over all three forms of the game into one overall women 's teams ranking . Domestic ( edit ) An Indian Premier League match commencing at the Chepauk Stadium between Chennai Super Kings and Kolkata Knight Riders Perth Scorchers taking on Hobart Hurricanes at the WACA during BBL 01 ( 2011 ) Main article : List of domestic Twenty20 cricket competitions This is a list of the current Twenty20 domestic competitions in several of the leading cricket countries . Country Domestic Competition Number of Teams Afghanistan Shpageeza Cricket League 6 Australia Big Bash League 8 Bangladesh Bangladesh Premier League 8 England NatWest t20 Blast 18 Hong Kong Hong Kong T20 Blitz 5 India Indian Premier League 8 Ireland Inter-Provincial Trophy Netherlands Dutch Twenty20 Cup 16 Nepal Everest Premier League , Dhangadhi Premier League 6 , 6 New Zealand Super Smash 6 Pakistan Pakistan Super League 5 Scotland Regional Pro Series South Africa Ram Slam T20 Challenge , T20 Global League 6 , 8 Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Premier League 7 West Indies Caribbean Premier League 6 Zimbabwe Stanbic Bank 20 Series Records ( edit ) Main article : List of Twenty20 cricket records See also : List of Twenty20 International records References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` The first official T20 in 2003 '' . Jump up ^ `` India hold their nerve to win thriller '' . ESPNcricinfo. 24 September 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Afridi fifty seals title for Pakistan '' . ESPNcricinfo. 21 June 2009 . Jump up ^ Newman , Paul ; Meet the man who invented Twenty20 cricket -- the man missing out on millions ; Daily Mail ; 11 June 2008 . Retrieved 6 January 2009 Jump up ^ Matches played 13 June 2003 ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 9 June 2008 Jump up ^ Twenty20 Cup , 2003 , Final -- Surrey v Warwickshire ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 9 June 2008 Jump up ^ Weaver , Paul ( 25 May 2009 ) . `` Usman Afzaal gives Surrey winning start but absent fans fuel concerns '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Sellout at WACA for Twenty20 match '' . ESPNcricinfo. 12 January 2005 . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Guyana crowned Stanford 20 / 20 champions '' . ESPNcricinfo. 14 August 2006 . Jump up ^ `` Dates for Stanford Twenty20 announced '' . The Jamaica Observer. 9 February 2006 . Jump up ^ `` Gabba fans let in for free '' . Cricket20.com . Jump up ^ `` India crash to nine - wicket defeat '' . ESPNcricinfo. 1 February 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Udal leads Middlesex for Stanford '' . ESPNcricinfo. 3 October 2008 . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . Jump up ^ McGlashan , Andrew ( 27 October 2008 ) . `` Ramdin leads T&T to big - money glory '' . ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . Jump up ^ McGlashan , Andrew ( 1 November 2008 ) . `` Gayle leads Superstars to millions '' . ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . Jump up ^ `` US tycoon charged over $8 bn fraud '' . BBC News . 17 February 2009 . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . Jump up ^ Miller , Andrew ( 6 August 2004 ) . `` Revolution at the seaside '' . Cricinfo . Retrieved 24 March 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Largest margin of victory ( by runs ) '' . ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . Jump up ^ `` ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier to be held in Ireland '' . ESPNcricinfo. 13 December 2007 . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . Jump up ^ `` An interview with Ramji Srinivasan '' . Takath.com. 19 June 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Hayden heroics shining light of IPL '' . The Canberra Times . 13 May 2009 . Archived from the original on 18 September 2009 . Jump up ^ Quoted in Booth , Lawrence . `` Myths ; And stereotypes . '' The Spin , 30 June 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Bringing back fences could help even up the contest between bat and ball , and ensure that all sixes are genuine '' . Jump up ^ `` Twenty20 Rules '' . CricketWorld4U . Retrieved 5 January 2015 . Jump up ^ `` One - over eliminator could replace bowl - out '' . cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. 27 June 2008 . Retrieved 26 December 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Windies edge NZ in Twenty20 thriller '' . abc.net.au Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 26 December 2008 . Retrieved 26 December 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Benn stars in thrilling tie '' . cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. 26 December 2008 . Retrieved 26 December 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Vettori opposes Super Over '' . cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. 26 December 2008 . Retrieved 5 February 2009 . Jump up ^ The Explainer ( 13 January 2009 ) . `` One1 '' . cricinfo.com cricinfo.com . Retrieved 5 February 2009 . Jump up ^ `` KFC T20 Big Bash League : Rules '' . KFC T20 Big Bash League . Retrieved 5 January 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Recap : Big Bash second Semi Final : Sydney Sixers v Brisbane Heat '' . news.com.au. 25 January 2017 . Retrieved 25 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Super Over to replace bowl out '' . ESPN CricInfo. 27 October 2008 . Retrieved 5 January 2015 . Jump up ^ ICC Team Rankings Archived 16 January 2012 at WebCite Jump up ^ Kendix , David . ICC rankings for Tests , ODIs , Twenty20 & Women . ESPN Cricinfo . ESPN Sports Media Ltd . Jump up ^ `` ICC Women 's Team Rankings launched '' . International Cricket Council . Retrieved 12 January 2017 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twenty20 cricket . Cricinfo -- Twenty20 records ICC World Twenty20 Tournaments South Africa 2007 England 2009 West Indies 2010 Sri Lanka 2012 Bangladesh 2014 India 2016 TBA 2018 Australia 2020 Qualifying 2007 2009 2012 2014 2016 Finals 2007 2009 2012 2014 2016 Squads 2007 2009 2012 2014 2016 Statistics 2007 2009 2012 2014 2016 Awards Format History Hosts Qualification Records Centuries Teams Officials Trophy Forms of cricket International Test cricket One Day International Twenty20 International Domestic First - class cricket Limited overs cricket List A cricket Twenty20 Club cricket Indoor Indoor cricket Indoor cricket ( UK variant ) Others Single Wicket Double Wicket French cricket Backyard or street cricket Kwik cricket Blind cricket Deaf cricket Kilikiti Trobriand cricket Short form cricket Tape ball cricket Tennis ball cricket Beach cricket Ice cricket Windball cricket Twenty20 cricket leagues Current International Cricket All - Stars Asia Shpageeza Cricket League ( Afghanistan ) Bangladesh Premier League ( Bangladesh ) Hong Kong T20 Blitz ( Hong Kong ) Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy ( India ) Indian Premier League ( India ) Celebrity Cricket League ( India ) Everest Premier League ( Nepal ) National Twenty20 Cup ( Pakistan ) Pakistan Super League ( Pakistan ) Super T20 Provincial Tournament ( Sri Lanka ) Oceania Big Bash League ( Australia ) Women 's Big Bash League ( Australia ) Super Smash ( New Zealand ) Europe NatWest t20 Blast ( England & Wales ) Women 's Cricket Super League ( England ) Interprovincial Twenty20 Cup ( Ireland ) Dutch Twenty20 Cup ( Netherlands ) Murgitroyd Twenty20 ( Scotland ) Regional Pro Series ( Scotland ) Africa Africa T20 Cup ( South Africa ) Ram Slam T20 Challenge ( South Africa ) CSA Provincial Twenty20 ( South Africa ) Stanbic Bank 20 Series ( Zimbabwe ) T20 Global League ( South Africa ) Americas Caribbean Premier League ( West Indies ) American Twenty20 Championship ( USA ) Defunct Faysal Bank Super Eight T20 Cup ( Pakistan ) International 20 : 20 Club Championship ( International ) Inter-State T20 Championship ( India ) East Africa Premier League ( Kenya & Uganda ) Indian Cricket League ( India ) Twenty20 Tournament ( Sri Lanka ) Pro Cricket ( United States ) Caribbean Twenty20 ( West Indies ) Stanford 20 / 20 ( West Indies ) Stanford Super Series ( West Indies / England ) Twenty20 Cup ( England ) North Sea Pro20 ( Scotland / Netherlands ) American Premier League ( United States ) KFC Twenty20 Big Bash ( Australia ) Australian Women 's Twenty20 Cup ( Australia ) National Cricket League ( Bangladesh ) National Elite League Twenty20 ( Kenya ) Sri Lanka Premier League ( Sri Lanka ) CIBC National Cricket League ( Canada ) Etisalat Sixes T20 Tournament ( Afghanistan ) Champions League Twenty20 ( International ) Ramadan T20 Cup ( Pakistan ) Masters Champions League ( United Arab Emirates ) Team sports Sport Governing bodies Sportspeople National sport Basket sports Basketball beach deaf 3x3 water wheelchair Cestoball Korfball Netball Fast5 indoor wheelchair Rezball Ringball Slamball Football codes Association football amputee beach freestyle Futsal indoor Jorkyball paralympic powerchair roller street walking Australian rules football Lightning football Metro footy Nine - a-side Rec footy Gaelic football Ladies ' Circle rules football Gridiron codes American football eight - man flag nine - man six - man sprint touch wheelchair Canadian football Indoor American football Arena football Hybrid codes Austus Eton wall game International rules football Samoa rules Speedball Swedish football Universal football Volata Medieval football codes Ba game Caid Calcio fiorentino Camping Cnapan Cornish hurling Cuju Harpastum Kemari Ki - o - rahi Jegichagi La soule Lelo burti Marn grook Pasuckuakohowog Royal Shrovetide Uppies and downies Yubi lakpi Rugby codes Beach Rugby league masters mod nines sevens tag wheelchair Rugby union American flag mini sevens snow tag touch tens Touch Wheelchair Bat - and - ball games Baseball Brännboll British baseball Corkball Cricket One Day Test Twenty20 Danish longball Indoor cricket Kickball Lapta Matball Oină Over-the - line Pesäpallo Rounders Softball Fastpitch Stickball Stoolball Town ball Vigoro Wiffle ball Wireball Stick and ball sports Bando Cammag Hurling Camogie Super11s Shinty -- Hurling Indigenous North American stickball Iomain Knattleikr Knotty Lacrosse box / indoor field intercrosse women 's Ritinis Shinty Shinty -- Hurling Hockey sports Ball hockey Bandy rink Broomball Moscow Field hockey indoor Floor hockey Floorball Ice hockey pond power ice sledge underwater Ringette Rinkball Roller hockey in - line quad Rossall hockey Shinny Street hockey Underwater hockey Unicycle hockey Polo sports Auto polo Cowboy polo Cycle polo Elephant polo Horseball Motoball Pato Polo Arena polo chovgan snow polo Polocrosse Segway polo Yak polo Net sports Ball badminton Beach tennis Biribol Bossaball Fistball Footbag net Football tennis Footvolley Jianzi Jokgu Newcomb ball Peteca Sepak takraw Throwball Volleyball beach paralympic Other sports Airsoft Angleball Balle à la main Ballon au poing Basque pelota frontenis jai alai xare Bo - taoshi Boules Bocce Bocce volo Boccia Bowls Jeu provençal Pétanque Raffa Buzkashi Combat ( juggling ) Curling wheelchair Cycle ball Digor Dodgeball Flickerball Gateball Goalball Guts Handball beach Czech field Hornussen Ice stock sport Jereed Kabaddi indoor beach Kho kho Kin - Ball Lagori Longue paume Mesoamerican ballgame Paintball Pelota mixteca Prisonball Pushball Quidditch Rollball Roller derby Slahal Snow snake Synchronized skating Synchronized swimming Tamburello Tchoukball beach Tejo Tug of war Ulama Ultimate Underwater football Underwater rugby Valencian pilota Llargues Water polo canoe inner tube beach Waboba Whirlyball Woodball Yukigassen Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twenty20&oldid=803255348 '' Categories : Twenty20 cricket Hidden categories : Webarchive template webcite links Use British English from January 2013 Use dmy dates from January 2013 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans বাংলা Dansk Deutsch Español Français ગુજરાતી 한국어 हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ಕನ್ನಡ मैथिली മലയാളം मराठी Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پښتو Polski Português Русский Simple English سنڌي தமிழ் తెలుగు Türkçe Українська اردو 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 1 October 2017 , at 12 : 29 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: where was the first t20 cricket match played


Capture of USS Chesapeake - wikipedia Capture of USS Chesapeake Jump to : navigation , search Capture of USS Chesapeake Part of the War of 1812 The Brilliant Achievement of the Shannon ... in boarding and capturing the United States Frigate Chesapeake off Boston , 1 June 1813 in fifteen minutes by W. Elmes . Date 1 June 1813 Location off Boston , Massachusetts , Boston Harbor , Atlantic Ocean Result British victory Belligerents United Kingdom United States Commanders and leaders Philip Broke James Lawrence † Strength 1 38 - gun frigate 330 Sailors and Marines 1 38 - gun frigate 379 Sailors and Marines Casualties and losses 1 frigate damaged 23 killed 56 wounded 1 frigate captured ~ 48 killed ~ 331 captured ( 99 wounded ) Naval battles of the War of 1812 Atlantic Ocean USS Essex vs HMS Alert USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere Capture of HMS Frolic USS United States vs HMS Macedonian USS Constitution vs HMS Java Sinking of HMS Peacock Rappahannock River Capture of USS Chesapeake Capture of HMS Dominica Capture of USS Argus Capture of HMS Boxer Capture of USS Frolic Capture of HMS Epervier Sinking of HMS Reindeer Sinking of HMS Avon Fayal Capture of USS President Capture of HMS Cyane and HMS Levant Capture of HMS Penguin Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus East Coast Chesapeake Bay Alexandria Baltimore Hampden Fort Peter Great Lakes / Saint Lawrence River Lake Ontario 1st Sacket 's Harbor York Fort George 2nd Sacket 's Harbor Lake Erie Fort Oswego Lake Huron Lake Champlain West Indies / Gulf Coast La Guaira 1st Fort Bowyer Action of 13 December 1814 Lake Borgne New Orleans Fort St. Philip 2nd Fort Bowyer Pacific Ocean James Island Charles Island Nuku Hiva Downes Expedition Porter Expedition Typee Valley Valparaiso ( Capture of USS Essex ) Seringapatam Mutiny Action of 9 May 1814 The Capture of USS Chesapeake , or the Battle of Boston Harbor , was fought on 1 June 1813 , between the Royal Navy 's frigate HMS Shannon and American frigate USS Chesapeake , as part of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain . The Chesapeake was captured in a brief but intense action in which over 80 men were killed . This was the only frigate action of the war in which there was no preponderance of force on either side . At Boston , Captain James Lawrence took command of Chesapeake on 20 May 1813 , and on 1 June , put to sea to meet the waiting HMS Shannon , commanded by Captain Philip Broke , the frigate whose written challenge had just missed Chesapeake 's sailing . Chesapeake suffered early in the exchange of gunfire , having her wheel and fore topsail halyard shot away , rendering her unmanoeuvrable . Lawrence himself was mortally wounded and was carried below . The American crew , struggled to carry out their captain 's last order , `` Do n't give up the ship ! '' , but the British boarding party overwhelmed them . The battle was notably intense but of short duration , lasting ten to fifteen minutes , in which time 252 men were killed or wounded . Shannon 's captain was severely injured in fighting on the forecastle . Chesapeake and her crew were taken to Halifax , Nova Scotia , where the sailors were imprisoned ; the ship was repaired and taken into service by the Royal Navy . She was sold at Portsmouth , England in 1819 and broken up . Surviving timbers were used to build the nearby Chesapeake Mill in Wickham and can be seen and visited to this day . Shannon survived longer , being broken up in 1859 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Prelude 1.1 Philip Broke and his naval gunnery 1.2 James Lawrence 1.3 Issuing a challenge 2 Battle 2.1 Gunnery duel 2.2 The British board 2.3 Chesapeake is taken 3 Aftermath 4 In Fiction 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography Prelude ( edit ) Philip Broke and his naval gunnery ( edit ) Captain Philip Broke During his long period in command of Shannon , Captain Philip Broke of the Royal Navy introduced many practical refinements to his ' great guns ' , which were virtually unheard of elsewhere in contemporary naval gunnery . He had ' dispart sights ' fitted to his 18 - pounder long guns , which improved aiming as they compensated for the narrowing of the barrels from the breech to the muzzle . He had adjustable tangent sights that would give accuracy at different ranges . He had the elevating ' quoins ' ( wedge - shaped pieces of wood placed under the breech ) of his long guns grooved to mark various degrees of elevation so that his guns could be reliably levelled to fire horizontally in any state of heeling of the ship under a press of sail . The carronades were similarly treated , but the elevating screws on these cannon were marked in paint . As the decks of contemporary ships curved upwards towards the stern and bows , he cut down the wheels on the `` up - slope '' side of each cannon 's carriage in order that all guns were level with the horizon . He also introduced a system where bearings were incised into the deck next to each gun ; fire could then be directed to any bearing independent of the ability of any particular gun crew to see the target . Fire from the whole battery could also be focused on any part of an enemy ship . Broke drilled his crew to an extremely high standard of naval gunnery ; he regularly had them fire at targets , such as floating barrels . Often these drills would be made into competitions to see which gun crew could hit the target and how fast they could do so . He even had his gun crews fire at targets ' blindfold ' to good effect ; they were only given the bearing to lay their gun on without being allowed to sight the gun on the target themselves . This constituted a very early example of ' director firing ' . In addition to these gunnery drills , Broke was fond of preparing hypothetical scenarios to test his crew . For example , after all hands had been drummed to quarters , he would inform them of a theoretical attack and see how they would act to defend the ship . Though the use of cutlasses in training was avoided a method of swordsmanship training called ' singlestick ' was regularly practised . This was a game employing roughly similar cuts , thrusts and parries as were used with the cutlass , but as it was played with wooden sticks with wicker hand guards ; hits , although painful , were not often dangerous . It soon developed quickness of eye and wrist . Many of the crew became very expert . James Lawrence ( edit ) Captain James Lawrence Commander Lawrence of the United States Navy returned from a successful war cruise having defeated the sloop HMS Peacock . He was promoted to captain for his victory , and received orders to take command of USS Chesapeake . It was not a command that he particularly wanted . He had hoped for the larger frigate USS Constitution instead . Lawrence travelled to Boston . He found that most of the former crew of Chesapeake had left over a dispute over prize money and had since been replaced . Lawrence 's prior experience of the British Navy worked against him . In his former battle with HMS Peacock the warship had been bravely fought , but the British gunnery had been nothing less than atrocious . His crew was laden with good seamen ; however , they lacked the time working together that was needed to change a collection of good seamen into an efficient fighting crew . Lawrence 's assumptions concerning the poor quality of the opposition would leave him over-confident in facing the adversary he was about to encounter . Issuing a challenge ( edit ) HMS Shannon , depicted in 1855 near the end of her working life Eager to engage and defeat one of the American frigates that had already scored a number of victories over the Royal Navy in single - ship confrontations , Broke prepared a challenge . USS President had already slipped out of the harbour under the cover of fog and had evaded the British . Constitution was undergoing extensive repairs and alterations and would not be ready for sea in the foreseeable future . However , Chesapeake appeared to be ready to put to sea . Consequently Broke decided to challenge Chesapeake , which had been refitting in Boston harbour under the command of Captain James Lawrence , offering single ship - to - ship combat . Whilst patrolling offshore , Shannon had intercepted and captured a number of American ships attempting to reach the harbour . After sending two of them off to Halifax , he found that his crew was being dangerously reduced . Broke therefore resorted to burning the rest of the prizes in order to conserve his highly trained crew in anticipation of the battle with Chesapeake . The boats from the burnt prizes were sent into Boston , carrying Broke 's oral invitation to Lawrence to come out and engage him . Broke had already sent Tenedos away in the hope that the more favourable odds would entice the Americans out , but eventually began to despair that Chesapeake would ever come out of the harbour . He finally decided to send a written challenge . In this he was copying his adversary . Lawrence had earlier in the war , when captain of the sloop of war Hornet , sent a written invitation to the captain of the British sloop of war Bonne Citoyenne to a single - ship contest . Lawrence 's offer had been declined . As the Chesapeake appears now ready for sea , I request you will do me the favour to meet the Shannon with her , ship to ship , to try the fortune of our respective flags . The Shannon mounts twenty - four guns upon her broadside and one light boat - gun ; 18 pounders upon her maindeck , and 32 - pounder carronades upon her quarterdeck and forecastle ; and is manned with a complement of 300 men and boys , beside thirty seamen , boys , and passengers , who were taken out of recaptured vessels lately . I entreat you , sir , not to imagine that I am urged by mere personal vanity to the wish of meeting the Chesapeake , or that I depend only upon your personal ambition for your acceding to this invitation . We have both noble motives . You will feel it as a compliment if I say that the result of our meeting may be the most grateful service I can render to my country ; and I doubt not that you , equally confident of success , will feel convinced that it is only by repeated triumphs in even combats that your little navy can now hope to console your country for the loss of that trade it can no longer protect . Favour me with a speedy reply . We are short of provisions and water , and can not stay long here . -- Philip Broke , original message edited by James and Chamier 1837 USS Chesapeake , modern painting by F. Muller Captain Lawrence did not in fact receive Broke 's letter and , according to author Ian W. Toll , it would not have made the slightest difference ; Lawrence intended to sail USS Chesapeake at the first day of favourable weather . The fact that it was not in his nation 's interests at this point in the war to be challenging British frigates seems to have not entered into his reasoning . When USS President had slipped out of harbor , it was to embark on a commerce - raiding mission , which was deemed in the U.S. national interest . Half of the officers and up to one quarter of the crew were new to the ship . In the short time he was in command of the Chesapeake Lawrence had twice exercised his crew at the great guns , walking the decks and personally supervising the drill . He also instigated a signal , a bugle call , to call on his crew to board an enemy vessel . Unfortunately the only crew member able to produce a note on the bugle was a `` dull - witted '' ' loblolly boy ' ( surgeon 's assistant ) called William Brown . Lawrence believed that he would win the battle and wrote two quick notes , one to the Secretary of the Navy pronouncing his intentions , and another to his brother in - law asking him to look after Lawrence 's wife and children in event of his death . Bostonians and their neighbours anticipated great results from the celebrated Lawrence and his crew . Local authorities reserved a space at the docks in expectation of accommodating the captured British man - of - war . Also plans were set in motion for a gala victory banquet . As the American warship moved down the harbour , citizens raced to vantage points to witness the fight . Crowds gathered on available heights from Lynn to Malden and from Cohasset to Scituate . A diarist likened the Salem crowds to swarms of bees . The more daring took to boats to follow the Chesapeake . A Boston newspaper reported the bay being covered with civilian craft of all kinds . HMS Shannon had been off Boston for 56 days and was running short of provisions , whilst the extended period at sea was wearing the ship down . She would be at a disadvantage facing USS Chesapeake , fresh from harbour and a refit . A boat was despatched carrying the invitation , manned by a Mr Slocum , a discharged American prisoner . The boat had not reached the shore when Chesapeake was seen underway , sailing out of the harbour . She was flying three American ensigns and a large white flag at the foremast inscribed ' Free Trade and Sailor 's Rights ' . Shannon carried 276 officers , seamen and marines of her proper complement , eight recaptured seamen , 22 Irish labourers who had been 48 hours in the ship , of whom only four could speak English , and 24 boys , of whom about 13 were under 12 years of age . Broke had trained his gun crews to fire accurate broadsides into the hulls of enemy vessels , with the aim of killing their gun crews , rather than attempting to disable the enemy ship by firing at the masts and rigging . This was , however , the standard Royal Navy practise of the time , only Broke 's efficiency in gunnery training distinguished him in this regard . Lawrence , meanwhile , was confident in his ship , especially since she carried a substantially larger crew . Previous American victories over Royal Navy ships left him expectant of success . Just before the engagement , the American crew gave three cheers . The two ships had in one another about as close a match in size and force as was possible , given the variations in ship design and armament existing between contemporary navies . USS Chesapeake 's ( rated at 38 guns ) armament of 28 18 - pounder long guns was an exact match for HMS Shannon . Measurements proved the ships to be about the same deck length , the only major difference being the ships ' complements : Chesapeake 's 379 against the Shannon 's 330 . Comparison of combatant vessels ( English measurement methods used for both ships ; dimensions from Gardiner ( 2006 ) pp. 25 , 32 and armament from Padfield p. 140 ) HMS Shannon USS Chesapeake Length ( gundeck ) 150 ft 2 in ( 45.77 m ) 151 ft 0 in ( 46.02 m ) Beam 39 ft 11 in ( 12.17 m ) 40 ft 11 in ( 12.47 m ) Tonnage 1065 tons 1135 tons Complement 330 men 379 men Armament 28 × 18 - pounder long guns 16 × 32 - pounder carronades 2 × 9 - pounder dismantling guns 1 × 6 - pounder long gun 1 × 12 - pounder boat carronade 28 × 18 - pounder long guns 20 × 32 - pounder carronades 1 × 18 - pounder chase gun Battle ( edit ) Gunnery duel ( edit ) Chesapeake , left , shortening sail as she bears down on Shannon , who has backed her main topsail to await the American ship . Aquatint by Robert Dodd , London , 1813 As the American ship approached , Broke spoke to his crew , ending with a description of his philosophy of gunnery , `` Throw no shot away . Aim every one . Keep cool . Work steadily . Fire into her quarters -- maindeck to maindeck , quarterdeck to quarterdeck . Do n't try to dismast her . Kill the men and the ship is yours . '' The two ships met at half past five in the afternoon , 20 nautical miles ( 37 km ) east of the Boston Light , between Cape Ann and Cape Cod . Shannon was flying a weather - worn blue ensign , and her dilapidated outside appearance after a long period at sea suggested that she would be an easy opponent . Observing the Chesapeake 's many flags , a sailor had questioned Broke : `` May n't we have three ensigns , sir , like she has ? '' `` No , '' said Broke , `` we 've always been an unassuming ship . '' HMS Shannon refused to fire upon USS Chesapeake as she bore down , nor would USS Chesapeake rake HMS Shannon despite having the weather gage. Lawrence 's behaviour that day earned him praise from the British officers for gallantry . The two ships opened fire just before 18 : 00 at a range of about 35 metres ( 115 ft ) , with Shannon scoring the first hit , striking Chesapeake on one of her forward gunports with two round shot and a bag of musket balls fired by William Mindham , the gun captain of the aftmost of Shannon 's starboard 18 - pounders . Chesapeake was moving faster than Shannon , and as she ranged down the side of the British ship , the destruction inflicted by the precise and methodical gunnery of the British crew moved aft with the American 's forward gun crews suffering the heaviest losses . However , the American crew were well drilled and , despite their losses , returned fire briskly . As Chesapeake was heeling , many of their shots struck the water or waterline of Shannon causing little damage , but American carronade fire caused serious damage to Shannon 's rigging . In particular , a 32 - pound carronade ball struck the piled shot for the Shannon 's 12 - pounder gun that was stowed in the main chains ; the shot was propelled through the timbers to scatter like hail across the gundeck . The commencement of the action , with the two frigates exchanging gunfire at close range . Lithograph by L. Haghe , London , 1830 . As the distance closed , the Shannon 's gun crews and topmen kept up a relentless fire , and the unprotected quarter - deck became as uninhabitable as the surface of the moon . -- Ian W. Toll Captain Lawrence realised that his ship 's speed would take it past Shannon and ordered a ' pilot 's luff ' . This was a small and brief turn to windward which would make the sails shiver and reduce the ship 's speed . Just after Chesapeake began this limited turn away from Shannon , she had her means of manoeuvring entirely disabled as a second round of accurate British fire caused more losses , most critically to the men and officers manning Chesapeake 's quarterdeck . Here the helmsmen were killed by a 9 - pounder gun that Broke had ordered installed on the quarter deck for that very purpose , and the same gun shortly afterwards shot away the wheel itself . Surviving American gun crews did land hits on Shannon in their second round of fire , especially American carronade fire which swept Shannon 's forecastle , killing three men , wounding others and disabling Shannon 's nine pounder bow gun while one round shot demolished Shannon 's ship 's bell . The crisis - point of the engagement - Chesapeake ( right ) has run ahead of Shannon and is ' luffing up ' out of control , and presenting her stern quarter to Shannon 's broadside . If the image is entirely accurate it must represent the moment after Chesapeake 's helm had been destroyed , but before her fore - topsail halyard was shot away . At almost the same time as Chesapeake lost control of her helm , her fore - topsail halyard was shot away , her fore - topsail yard then dropped , and she ' luffed up ' . Losing her forward momentum , she yawed further into the wind until she was ' in irons ' , her sails were pressed back against her masts and she then made sternway ( went backwards ) . Her port stern quarter ( rear left corner ) made contact with Shannon 's starboard side , level with the fifth gunport from the bow , and Chesapeake was caught by the projecting fluke of one of Shannon 's anchors , which had been stowed on the gangway . Chesapeake 's spanker boom then swung over the deck of the British ship . Mr Stevens , Broke 's boatswain , lashed the boom inboard to keep the two ships together , and lost an arm as he did so . Trapped against Shannon at an angle in which few of her guns could fire on the British ship , and unable to manoeuvre away , Chesapeake 's stern now became exposed and was swept by raking fire . Earlier in the action Shannon 's gunnery had devastated Chesapeake 's forward gun crews ; this destruction was now inflicted on the gun crews in the aft part of the ship . The American ship 's situation worsened when a small open cask of musket cartridges abaft the mizzen - mast blew up . When the smoke cleared , Broke judged the time was right and gave the order to board . Captain Lawrence also gave the order to board , but the frightened bugler aboard Chesapeake , William Brown , failed to sound the call , and only those near Lawrence heard his command . By this time Lawrence was the only officer left on the upper deck , as Lieutenants Ludlow and Ballard had been wounded . Lieutenant Cox , who had brought up men from the lower deck to form a boarding party , reached the quarterdeck only to find that his captain had been badly , indeed mortally , wounded by a musket ball . Lawrence was clinging to the binnacle in order to stay upright ; Cox , who had served all his sea life with Lawrence , carried him down to the cockpit with the help of two sailors . As he was being taken down Lawrence called out `` Tell the men to fire faster ! Do n't give up the ship ! '' The British board ( edit ) Contrasting impressions of the taking of the Chesapeake Broke leads the boarding party aboard Chesapeake . In reality Broke wore a ' round hat ' not a cocked hat in action . George Cruikshank portrayed the Americans as hapless and cowardly The berth deck of a 38 gun frigate - HMS Trincomalee . In contrast to the confusion and loss of leadership aboard the American vessel , the British boarding party was being effectively organised . A number of small - arms men rushed aboard Chesapeake , led by Broke , including the purser , Mr G. Aldham , and the clerk , Mr John Dunn . Aldham and Dunn were killed as they crossed the gangway , but the rest of the party made it onto Chesapeake . Captain Broke , at the head of not more than twenty men , stepped from the rail of the waist - hammock netting onto the muzzle of the after - carronade of Chesapeake , and from there he jumped down to her quarterdeck . As the British boarded there were no American officers left on the quarterdeck to organise resistance . The maindeck of Chesapeake was almost deserted , having been swept by Shannon 's gunfire ; the surviving gun crews had either responded to the call for boarders or had taken refuge below . Two American officers , Lieutenant Cox ( who had returned from carrying Captain Lawrence down to the surgeon ) and Midshipman Russell saw that the aftmost 18 - pounders on the port side , still bore on Shannon and working between them managed to fire both . Lieutenant Ludlow , who had been slightly wounded and had gone down to Chesapeake 's cockpit for treatment , now returned to the upper decks , rallying some of the American crew as he did so . Lieutenant Budd joined him with a band of men he had led up the fore - hatch . Ludlow led them in a counter-attack which pushed the British back as far as the binnacle . However , a wave of British reinforcements arrived , Ludlow received a mortal wound from a cutlass , and the Americans were again thrown back . James Bulger , one of Shannon 's Irishmen , charged into the Americans wielding a boarding pike and shouting Gaelic curses - `` And then did I not spit them , beJaysus ! '' Lacking officers to lead them ( Lieutenant Budd had also been wounded by a cutlass ) and lacking support from below , the Americans were driven back by the boarders . American resistance then fell apart , with the exception of a band of men on the forecastle and those in the tops . A number of the Americans driven from the upper decks jostled each other to get down the main hatchway to the comparative safety of the berth deck . Seeing this , Lt. Cox called to them , `` You damned cowardly sons of bitches ! What are you jumping below for ? '' When asked by a nearby midshipman if he should stop them by cutting a few down , Cox replied , `` No sir , it is of no use . '' Fighting had also been ongoing between the tops ( platforms at the junction of mast and topmast ) of the ships , as rival sharpshooters fired upon their opponents and upon sailors on the exposed decks below . While the ships were locked together , the British marksmen , led by midshipman William Smith , commander of the fore - top , stormed Chesapeake 's fore - top over the yard - arm and killed all the Americans there . Following this , the wind tore the two ships apart , and Chesapeake was blown around the bows of Shannon . This left the British boarders , about fifty - strong , stranded . However , organised resistance aboard the American ship had almost ceased by this time . Broke himself led a charge against a number of the Americans who had managed to rally on the forecastle . Three American sailors , probably from the rigging , descended and attacked him . Taken by surprise , he killed the first , but the second hit him with a musket which stunned him , whilst the third sliced open his skull with his sabre , knocking him to the deck . Before the sailor could finish Broke off , the American was bayoneted by a British Marine named John Hill . Shannon 's crew rallied to the defence of their captain and carried the forecastle , killing the remaining Americans . Broke sat , dizzied and weak , on a carronade slide , and his head was bound up by William Mindham , who used his own neckerchief . One of Shannon 's lieutenants , Provo Wallis , believed that Broke 's three assailants were probably British deserters . The desperate and violent attempt on Broke 's life made by these men may have been motivated by the fact that they faced the death penalty under the Royal Navy 's Articles of War as deserters . Meanwhile , Shannon 's First Lieutenant , Mr George T.L. Watt , had attempted to hoist the British colours over Chesapeake 's , but this was misinterpreted aboard Shannon , and he was hit in the forehead by grapeshot and killed as he did so . Chesapeake is taken ( edit ) An 1830 representation of HMS Shannon leading the captured American frigate Chesapeake into Halifax , Nova Scotia in June 1813 The British had cleared the upper decks of American resistance , and most of Chesapeake 's crew had taken refuge on the berth deck . A musket or pistol shot from the berth deck killed a British marine , William Young , who was guarding the main hatchway . The furious British crewmen then began firing through the hatchway at the Americans crowded below . Lieutenant Charles Leslie Falkiner of Shannon , the leader of the boarders who had rushed the maindeck , restored order by threatening to blow out the brains of the next person to fire . He then demanded that the Americans send up the man who had killed Young , adding that Chesapeake was taken and `` We have three hundred men aboard . If there is another act of hostility you will be called up on deck one by one -- and shot . '' Falkiner was given command of Chesapeake as a British prize - vessel . Shannon 's midshipmen during the action were Messers. Smith , Leake , Clavering , Raymond , Littlejohn and Samwell . Samwell was the only British officer other than Broke to be wounded in the action ; he was to die from an infection of his wounds some weeks later . Mr Etough was the acting master , and conned the ship into the action . Shortly after Chesapeake had been secured , Broke fainted from loss of blood and was rowed back to Shannon to be attended to by the ship 's surgeon . Nova Scotian Provo Wallis commanded Shannon back to Halifax . Depicted with the rank of Commander in 1813 , he later rose to become Admiral of the Fleet . The engagement had lasted just ten minutes according to Shannon 's log , or eleven minutes by Lieutenant Wallis ' watch . Broke more modestly claimed fifteen minutes in his official despatch . Shannon had lost 23 men killed , and had 56 wounded . Chesapeake had about 48 killed , including four lieutenants , the master and many other of her officers , and 99 wounded . Shannon had been hit by a total of 158 projectiles , Chesapeake by 362 ( these figures include grapeshot ) . In the time the batteries of both ships were firing , the Americans had been exposed to 44 roundshot , whilst the British had received 10 or 11 in reply ( these are figures for shot which would have produced casualties or material damage ; some of Chesapeake 's shot was fired low , bouncing off Shannon 's side at waterline level ) . Even before being boarded , Chesapeake had lost the gunnery duel by a considerable margin . A large cask of un-slaked lime was found open on Chesapeake 's forecastle , and another bag of lime was discovered in the fore - top . British sailors alleged the intention was to throw handfuls into the eyes of Shannon 's men in an unfair and dishonourable manner as they attempted to board , though that was never done by Chesapeake 's crew . Historian Albert Gleaves has called the allegation `` absurd , '' noting , `` Lime is always carried in ship 's stores as a disinfectant , and the fact that it was left on the deck after the ship was cleared for action was probably due to the neglect of a junior , or petty , officer . '' Aftermath ( edit ) Newspaper announcing Shannon 's victory After the victory , a prize crew was put aboard Chesapeake . The commander of the prize , Lieutenant Falkiner , had a good deal of trouble from the restive Americans , who outnumbered his own men . He had some of the leaders of the unrest transferred to Shannon in the leg - irons that had , ironically , been shipped aboard Chesapeake to deal with expected British prisoners . The rest of the American crew were rendered docile by the expedient of a carpenter cutting scuttles ( holes ) in the maindeck through which two 18 - pounder cannon , loaded with grapeshot , were pointed at them . Shannon , commanded by Lieutenant Provo Wallis , escorted her prize into Halifax , arriving there on 6 June . On the entry of the two frigates into the harbour , the naval ships already at anchor manned their yards , bands played martial music and each ship Shannon passed greeted her with cheers . The 320 American survivors of the battle were interned on Melville Island in 1813 , and their ship , taken into British service and renamed HMS Chesapeake , was used to ferry prisoners from Melville Island to England 's Dartmoor Prison . Many officers were paroled to Halifax , but some began a riot at a performance of a patriotic song about Chesapeake 's defeat . Parole restrictions were tightened : beginning in 1814 , paroled officers were required to attend a monthly muster on Melville Island , and those who violated their parole were confined to the prison . Gravestones for the casualties of Chesapeake ( left ) and Shannon ( right ) , CFB Halifax , Halifax , Nova Scotia As the first major victory in the naval war for the British , the capture raised the shaken morale of the Royal Navy . After setting out on 5 September for a brief cruise under a Captain Teahouse , Shannon departed for England on 4 October , carrying the recovering Broke . They arrived at Portsmouth on 2 November . After the successful action Lieutenants Wallis and Falkiner were promoted to the rank of commander , and Messrs. Etough and Smith were made lieutenants . Broke was made a Baronet that September . The Court of Common Council of London awarded him the freedom of the city and a sword worth 100 guineas . He also received a piece of plate worth 750 pounds and a cup worth 100 guineas . Captain Lawrence was buried in Halifax with full military honours , six British Naval Officers served as pall bearers . Chesapeake , after active service in the Royal Navy , was eventually sold at Portsmouth , England , for £ 500 in 1819 and broken up . Some of the timbers of Chesapeake were used in the construction of the Chesapeake Mill in Wickham , Hampshire . Shannon was reduced to a receiving ship in 1831 , and broken up in 1859 . In the US , the capture was seen as a humiliation , and contributed to popular sentiment against the war . Many New Englanders , now calling the conflict `` Madison 's war '' after James Madison , demanded that he resign the presidency . In a war that reached new lows for historical accuracy sacrificed in the name of patriotic fever , accounts of Shannon 's victory would be ascribed to many reasons . Very few of these took into account that Lawrence had rushed into a fight with an untrained and unprepared crew for what awaited him . Theodore Roosevelt would later state this plainly , lambasting former American `` history writers '' while doing so . In less than 2 minutes Shannon 's crew had taken horrible losses and did not break , while Chesapeake 's crew did . Unfortunately for Lawrence , he did not meet an average British frigate of this point in the long wars , undermanned and with many men aboard who were not real seamen , but a frigate with a crew at the highest pitch of training , led by an expert in naval gunnery . It has been said of Shannon , that `` a more destructive vessel of her force had probably never existed in the history of naval warfare '' . Broke never again commanded a ship . The head wound from a cutlass blow , which had exposed the brain , had been so severe that it was initially pronounced fatal by the ship 's surgeon . However , Broke survived the wound into moderate old age ( 64 years ) , though he was debilitated . He suffered , to a greater or lesser extent , from headaches and other neurological problems for the rest of his life . The casualties were heavy . The British lost 23 killed and 56 wounded . The Americans lost 48 killed and 99 wounded . Between the wounded of the ships ' two companies , another 23 died of their wounds in the two weeks following the action . Relative to the total number of men participating , this was one of the bloodiest ship - to - ship actions of the age of sail . By comparison , HMS Victory suffered fewer casualties during the whole of the Battle of Trafalgar . The entire action had lasted , at most , for 15 minutes , speaking to the ferocity of the fighting . A sister ship of HMS Shannon has been restored and preserved , HMS Trincomalee of the Leda class ; she can be seen in a dock at Hartlepool in the North East of England and is the oldest British warship afloat . In fiction ( edit ) The capture of USS Chesapeake by HMS Shannon features prominently in The Fortune of War , the sixth book in the Aubrey - Maturin series of historical fiction novels by Patrick O'Brian , and first published in 1979 . The main characters , having escaped Boston as prisoners of war , are on board the Shannon during the engagement . The battle is described with considerable accuracy by O'Brian , with his fictional characters playing only minor roles in the action . Cannon from USS Chesapeake ( Province House ( Nova Scotia ) ) Cannon from HMS Shannon ( Province House ( Nova Scotia ) ) The battle was discussed in the science fiction novel Starship Troopers by Robert A. Heinlein and was referred to in the novel Anne of the Island by Lucy Maud Montgomery . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ This is a shortened version , the original ran to six paragraphs in length . The full message can be found in Padfield , pp. 144 -- 146 . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Toll 2006 , p. 415 Jump up ^ Padfield , pp. 27 -- 29 , 206 Jump up ^ Padfield , pp. 37 -- 39 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , p. 120 Jump up ^ Brighton , p. 150 Jump up ^ Ian W. Toll , Six Frigates pg 398 Jump up ^ Theodore Roosevelt , The Naval War of 1812 , location 2391 Jump up ^ Theodore Roosevelt , The Naval War of 1812 , location 2356 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 144 -- 145 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 126 -- 127 Jump up ^ James and Chamier 1837 , p. 199 ^ Jump up to : Toll 2006 , p. 409 Jump up ^ Toll 2006 , pp. 4 -- 8 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 140 -- 141 Jump up ^ Ellis , pp. 122 - 123 Jump up ^ Fowler 1984 , p. 205 Jump up ^ Fowler 1984 , p. 206 Jump up ^ The Irishmen had been captured by the Americans when en route from Waterford to Newfoundland in a small brig , and were then released by the Royal Navy . Of these 40 Irishmen 22 volunteered for service aboard Shannon . Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 151 -- 152 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , p. 140 Jump up ^ Toll 2006 , p. 410 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 160 -- 161 Jump up ^ Murdoch 1867 , p. 354 . Jump up ^ Toll 2006 , p. 411 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , p. 165 Jump up ^ Andrew Lambert , The Challenge : Britain Against America in the Naval War of 1812 , Faber and Faber ( 2012 ) , p. 172 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , p. 168 Jump up ^ Six Frigates Ian W. Toll pg 406 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , p. 166 Jump up ^ Broke installed two 9 - pounder `` dismantling pieces '' , one at the break of the quarter deck and the other at the break of the forecastle . These guns had picked crews and were specifically intended to target the wheel and headsails of an opponent . The 9 pounders had ' elevating and traversing carriages ' specially designed by Broke himself . The `` long nine '' , as it was known , was universally acknowledged to be the most accurate British naval cannon of the period . Jump up ^ Lambert , p. 173 Jump up ^ Dan Conlin , `` An Artifact From a Deadly War of 1812 Battle '' , The Maritime Museum of the Atlantic Jump up ^ Lossing , Benson ( 1868 ) . The Pictorial Field - Book of the War of 1812 . Harper & Brothers , Publishers . p. 706 . Jump up ^ The Americans had not secured this yard with iron chains as was often done before an action , possibly indicative of their overconfidence . As a `` headsail '' , the foretopsail was vital for manoeuvring the ship , and its loss at a critical moment in the action probably doomed the American vessel . See Padfield 1968 , pp. 167 -- 171 . Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 167 -- 171 ^ Jump up to : Padfield 1968 , p. 173 Jump up ^ Allen 1852 , pp. 427 -- 428 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 173 -- 176 Jump up ^ Gardiner 1998 , p. 60 Jump up ^ Lambert 2012 , p. 178 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 173 -- 181 Jump up ^ Historically , in the predecessors of the true frigate the deck below the deck with the main armament had been partially armed ( early to mid 18th century ) , and the Royal Navy continued to call this deck the ' gun deck ' even though it now had no cannon . The more accurate American usage was to call it the ' berth deck ' , as it was the deck where the crew slung their hammocks . Larger warships had no exact equivalent to this unarmed deck . Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , p. 181 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 181 -- 182 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , p. 191 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , pp. 240 -- 245 Jump up ^ Gleaves 1904 , p. 213 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , p. 183 Jump up ^ Padfield 1968 , p. 188 Jump up ^ Shea & Watts 2005 , pp. 27 -- 29 . Jump up ^ Shea & Watts 2005 , p. 30 . Jump up ^ Shea & Watts 2005 , p. 31 . Jump up ^ `` No. 16779 '' . The London Gazette. 21 September 1813 . p. 1890 . Jump up ^ `` No. 16852 '' . The London Gazette. 5 February 1814 . p. 280 . Jump up ^ Winfield ( 2007 ) , p. 176 . Jump up ^ Brown and White , p. 97 Jump up ^ Brown and White , p. 328 Jump up ^ Unger , p. 166 Jump up ^ Theodore Roosevelt The Naval War of 1812 Location 2426 Jump up ^ Padfield , p. 151 Jump up ^ Toll 2006 , p. 416 Jump up ^ The Ship Project Archived 13 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine . Bibliography ( edit ) Allen , Joseph ( 1852 ) . Battles of the British Navy . Volume 2 . London : Henry G. Bohn . OCLC 5852951 . Brighton , J.G. ( 1866 ) . Admiral Sir P.B.V. Broke , Bart. : A Memoir . London : Sampson Low , Son and Marston . Borneman , Walter R. ( 2005 ) . 1812 : The War That Forged A Nation . New York : Harper Collins . ISBN 0 - 06 - 053113 - 4 . Brown , Anthony G. and White , Colin ( 2006 ) The Patrick O'Brian Muster book : persons , animals , ships and cannon in the Aubrey - Maturin sea novels . McFarland & Co . Cray , Robert E. `` Remembering the USS Chesapeake : The politics of maritime death and impressment . '' Journal of the Early Republic ( 2005 ) 25 # 3 pp : 445 - 474 . online Ellis , James H. ( 2009 ) . A Ruinous and Unhappy War : New England and the War of 1812 . New York : Algora Publishing . ISBN 978 - 0 - 87586 - 690 - 1 . Fowler , William M. ( 1984 ) . Jack Tars and Commodores : The American Navy , 1783 -- 1815 . Boston : Houghton Mifflin . ISBN 0 - 395 - 35314 - 9 . OCLC 10277756 . Gardiner , Robert , ed. ( 1998 ) . The Naval War of 1812 . London : Chatham Publishing . ISBN 1 - 86176 - 063 - 9 . Gardiner , Robert ( 2006 ) . Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars . London : Chatham Publishing . ISBN 978 - 1 - 86176 - 292 - 4 . Gleaves , Albert ( 1904 ) . James Lawrence , Captain , United States Navy , Commander of the `` Chesapeake '' . New York : G.P. Putnam 's Sons . OCLC 526283 . James , William and Chamier , Frederick ( 1837 ) The Naval History of Great Britain , from the Declaration of War by France in 1793 , to the Accession of George IV , Vol VI . Richard Bentley , London . Lambert , Andrew ( 2012 ) The Challenge : Britain Against America in the Naval War of 1812 , Faber and Faber , London . Murdoch , Beamish ( 1867 ) . A History of Nova Scotia . Volume 3 . Halifax : J. Barnes . OCLC 11506476 . Padfield , Peter ( 1968 ) . Broke and the Shannon . London : Hodder and Stoughton . ISBN 0 - 340 - 02511 - 5 . Poolman , Kenneth ( 1962 ) . Guns Off Cape Ann : The Story of the Shannon and the Chesapeake . Chicago : Rand McNally . OCLC 1384754 . Pullen , Hugh Francis . The Shannon and the Chesapeake ( Toronto : McClelland and Stewart , 1970 ) Roosevelt , Theodore ( 1882 ) . The Naval War of 1812 or The History of the United States Navy during the Last War with Great Britain . New York : G.P. Putnam 's Sons . OCLC 133902576 . Shea , Iris V. and Watts , Heather ( 2005 ) Deadman 's : Melville Island & Its Burial Ground . Glen Margaret Publishers , Tantallon Nova Scotia . ISBN 978 - 0 - 393 - 05847 - 5 . Toll , Ian ( 2006 ) . Six Frigates : The Epic History of the U.S. Navy . New York : Norton . ISBN 978 - 0 - 920427 - 68 - 2 . Unger , Harlow Giles ( 2012 ) . John Quincy Adams . Da Capo Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 306 - 82129 - 5 . Winfield , Rif ( 2007 ) . British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793 -- 1817 : Design , Construction , Careers and Fates . London : Seaforth . ISBN 978 - 1 - 86176 - 246 - 7 . OCLC 181927614 . Coordinates : 42 ° 39 ′ 2.2 '' N 70 ° 33 ′ 55.6 '' W  /  42.650611 ° N 70.565444 ° W  / 42.650611 ; - 70.565444 Conflicts of the War of 1812 Battles of the War of 1812 United States Washington , D.C. Burning of Washington Georgia Battle of Fort Peter Louisiana Battle of New Orleans Siege of Fort St. Philip Maryland Battle of Baltimore Battle of Bladensburg Battle of Caulk 's Field Battle of North Point Battle of St. Michaels Raid on Havre de Grace Massachusetts Battle of Hampden New York Battle of Big Sandy Creek Battle of Buffalo Battle of Ogdensburg Battle of Plattsburgh Capture of Fort Niagara Raid on Black Rock Second Battle of Sacket 's Harbor Ohio Battle of Fort Stephenson Copus massacre Siege of Fort Meigs Virginia Battle of Craney Island Raid on Alexandria Skirmish at Farnham Church Battle of Rappahannock River U.S. territories Alabama Battles of Fort Bowyer Illinois Battle of Fort Dearborn Battle of Rock Island Rapids Siege of Prairie du Chien Indiana Battle of the Mississinewa Battle of Tippecanoe Battle of Wild Cat Creek Siege of Fort Harrison Siege of Fort Wayne Michigan Battle of Brownstown Battle of Frenchtown Battle of Mackinac Island Battle of Maguaga Siege of Detroit Siege of Fort Mackinac Mississippi Battle of Burnt Corn Battle of Callabee Creek Canoe Fight Battle of Holy Ground Battle of Horseshoe Bend Battle of Talladega Battle of Tallushatchee Battles of Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek Fort Mims massacre Kimbell -- James Massacre Missouri Battle of Credit Island Battle of the Sink Hole British North America Lower Canada Battle of the Chateauguay First Battle of Lacolle Mills Second Battle of Lacolle Mills Upper Canada Battle of Beaver Dams Battle of Chippawa Battle of Cook 's Mills Battle of Crysler 's Farm Battle of Fort George Battle of Frenchman 's Creek Battle of Longwoods Battle of Lundy 's Lane Battle of Malcolm 's Mills Battle of Queenston Heights Battle of Stoney Creek Battle of the Thames Battle of York Capture of Fort Erie Raid on Elizabethtown Raid on Port Dover Raid on Gananoque Siege of Fort Erie Spanish Empire Spanish Florida Battle of Pensacola Naval battles Atlantic Ocean Capture of HMS Boxer Capture of HMS Cyane Capture of HMS Epervier Capture of HMS Frolic Capture of HMS Penguin Capture of HMS Dominica Capture of USS Argus Capture of USS Chesapeake Capture of USS President Chesapeake Bay Flotilla USS Constitution vs HMS Java Sinking of HMS Avon Battle of Fayal Sinking of HMS Peacock Sinking of HMS Reindeer USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere USS United States vs HMS Macedonian Caribbean Sea Battle of La Guaira Great Lakes Battle of Lake Erie Battle of Fort Oswego Engagements on Lake Huron Engagements on Lake Ontario First Battle of Sacket 's Harbor Gulf Coast Action of 13 December 1814 Battle of Lake Borgne Pacific Ocean Action off James Island Action off Charles Island Nuku Hiva Campaign Battle of Valparaiso ( Capture of USS Essex ) See also : American Indian Wars , Creek War , Napoleonic Wars , and Tecumseh 's War Portal definition textbooks quotes source texts media news stories Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_USS_Chesapeake&oldid=817848169 '' Categories : Conflicts in 1813 1813 in the United States Maritime incidents in 1813 Naval battles of the War of 1812 Military history of Nova Scotia Naval battles involving the United Kingdom Naval battles involving the United States History of the Royal Navy June 1813 events Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from February 2013 Pages using deprecated image syntax Coordinates on Wikidata Good articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Edit links This page was last edited on 30 December 2017 , at 22 : 55 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: which us ship was captured off the coast of massachusetts by the british