The Source ( retailer ) - wikipedia The Source ( retailer ) Jump to : navigation , search The Source ( Bell ) Electronics Inc . Trading name The Source Formerly called RadioShack Canada ( 1986 -- 2004 ) The Source by Circuit City ( 2004 -- 2009 ) Type Subsidiary Industry Retail Founded June 1986 ; 31 years ago ( 1986 - 06 ) ( as InterTAN Canada ) Headquarters Barrie , Ontario , Canada Products Electronics Parent InterTAN ( 1986 -- 2004 ) Circuit City ( 2004 -- 2009 ) BCE Inc. ( 2009 -- present ) Website thesource.ca The Source ( Bell ) Electronics Inc. , doing business as The Source ( French : La Source ) , is a Canadian consumer electronics and cell phone retail chain . The chain goes back over 40 years in Canada , initially as Radio Shack and later as The Source by Circuit City . The Source is now owned by BCE Inc. , which purchased the assets of InterTAN from its parent , American retailer Circuit City , in 2009 . The Source is a unit of 4458729 Canada Inc. and is based in Barrie , Ontario . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Products 3 References 4 External links Background ( edit ) Store in Promenade . The Source began as the Canadian branch of Radio Shack ( later `` RadioShack '' ) . The chain was originally owned by Radio Shack 's American parent company Tandy Corporation , but was spun off in June 1986 , along with the rest of Tandy 's international operations , as InterTAN . A licensing agreement with what became RadioShack Corporation allowed InterTAN to continue to use the chain 's name and logo . InterTAN abandoned its non-profitable West German stores in 1987 , left Belgium and France in 1993 , sold its British stores to Carphone Warehouse in 1999 and sold its Australian stores to Woolworth subsidiary Dick Smith Electronics in 2002 , leaving just the Canadian Radio Shack , Battery Plus and Rogers Plus stores . In May 2004 , InterTAN was acquired by Circuit City . One week after the acquisition was completed , RadioShack Corporation filed a lawsuit in the 352nd Judicial District Court in Tarrant County , Texas to end the licensing agreement . RadioShack Corporation claimed that InterTAN had breached the terms of their agreement . On March 24 , 2005 , the district court judge ruled in favour of RadioShack and cancelled the agreement . The ruling prohibited InterTAN from using the brand name on its stores or in any of its products , packaging , and advertising after June 30 , 2005 . On April 26 , 2005 , Circuit City announced that the stores would be renamed The Source by Circuit City ( La Source par Circuit City in Quebec ) . The rebranding process was completed in the majority of the chain 's Canadian stores by July 1 , 2005 . The chain also introduced new house brands , including Nexxtech and Centrios , in place of RadioShack store brands . In February 2007 , The Source announced it would close down 62 low volume stores across Canada . On March 30 , 2007 , Circuit City announced to its shareholders that it was seeking options including selling off the InterTAN / The Source subsidiary to cut losses . On November 10 , 2008 , InterTAN sought protection from its creditors , after Circuit City filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy . Circuit City announced on January 16 , 2009 , that its namesake U.S. stores would be liquidated . The Source was not affected by the announcement , and a process followed to sell the Canadian operations as a going concern . On March 2 , 2009 , Canadian telecommunications firm Bell Canada announced it would acquire The Source and continue to operate it as an independent division . The acquisition was completed July 1 for the final purchase price of $135 million US , following which the chain removed the `` by Circuit City '' from its name . Prior to January 2010 , the stores sold mobile phone services from Bell 's main competitor , Rogers Wireless : at that point , the chain began to exclusively market Bell - owned wireless ( including value brand Virgin Mobile ) , television , and internet services . The Source continues to sell a full array of consumer electronics products , . Products ( edit ) The Source stocks a wide array of products . Most of the products are consumer electronics , including : cellular phones , computers , computer accessories , televisions , DVD players , Blu - ray players , home theatre systems , clock radios , traditional telephones , toys , SiriusXM satellite radio , console gaming equipment , cables ( such as HDMI , DVI , RCA , Component , Composite , VGA , S - VIDEO , USB , SERIAL , etc . ) , Bell devices , Virgin Mobile devices , Bell TV , and MP3 players , as well as a large selection of headphones including the Monster and Skullcandy headphone line - up . The Source also carries house brand products , under brands such as Fluid , InStudio , Headrush , Kapsule ( Previously known as GnarlyFish ) , Nexxtech , and Xtreme Gaming . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Marina Strauss , `` Circuit City 's The Source to remain open '' , globeandmail.com , January 16 , 2009 Jump up ^ `` Rogers turns to courts in attempt to block Glentel sale to BCE '' . The Globe and Mail . 17 December 2014 . Retrieved 18 December 2014 . Jump up ^ Simon Avery , `` Bell Canada snaps up The Source '' , globeandmail.com , March 2 , 2009 Jump up ^ `` Bell to acquire national electronics retailer The Source '' , March 2 , 2009 External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Source ( retailer ) . The Source RadioShack Catalogs ( 1939 - 2005 ) ( hide ) BCE Inc . Corporate Directors George A. Cope ( CEO ) André Bérard Anthony S. Fell Ed Lumley John H. McArthur Jim Pattison Michael Sabia Paul Tellier Richard Currie Robert Pozen Fixed - line telecommunications Bell Aliant ( Atlantic Canada ) Bell Canada ( urban ON & QC ) Bell Internet ( ISP ) Bell MTS ( MB ) NorthernTel ( northern ON ) Northwestel ( northern Canada ) Ontera ( northern ON ) Télébec ( rural QC ) DMTS ( Dryden , Ontario area ) Mobile telecommunications Bell Mobility Bell MTS ( MB ) Inukshuk Wireless Lucky Mobile NorthernTel Mobility Northwestel ( including Latitude Wireless ) PC Mobile ( prepaid ) Solo Mobile Télébec Mobilité Virgin Mobile Canada Television services Bell Fibe TV ( IPTV -- urban ON & QC ) Bell Mobile TV ( mobile IPTV ) Bell TV ( satellite ) Cablevision ( northern QC ) FibreOP ( IPTV -- Bell Aliant regions ) MTS TV ( IPTV -- MB ) Other properties Bell Media Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment ( 28 % ) Montreal Canadiens ( 18 % ) The Source Glentel ( 50 % ) Advertising and sponsorships Bell Centre Bell MTS Iceplex Bell MTS Place Place Bell Frank and Gordon Kids Help Phone Solo Mobile / Eckored tour TIFF Bell Lightbox Related AT&T Corporation Nortel Society of Composers , Authors and Music Publishers of Canada v Bell Canada Telesat Canada An additional 9.5 % interest is held by the BCE Master Trust Fund ( Bell 's pension plan ) . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Source_(retailer)&oldid=829913477 '' Categories : Bell Canada Companies based in Barrie Retail companies established in 1986 Consumer electronics retailers of Canada RadioShack 1986 establishments in Ontario Hidden categories : Pages using infobox company with unsupported parameters Articles containing French - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Edit links This page was last edited on 11 March 2018 , at 16 : 02 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when did radio shack change to the source


Forrest Gump - wikipedia Forrest Gump Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the film . For other uses , see Forrest Gump ( disambiguation ) . Forrest Gump Theatrical release poster Directed by Robert Zemeckis Produced by Wendy Finerman Steve Tisch Steve Starkey Screenplay by Eric Roth Based on Forrest Gump by Winston Groom Starring Tom Hanks Robin Wright Gary Sinise Mykelti Williamson Sally Field Music by Alan Silvestri Cinematography Don Burgess Edited by Arthur Schmidt Production company Wendy Finerman Productions Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date June 23 , 1994 ( 1994 - 06 - 23 ) ( Los Angeles ) July 6 , 1994 ( 1994 - 07 - 06 ) ( United States ) Running time 142 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $55 million Box office $677.9 million The map of the Forrest Gump runs . ( interactive map ) Forrest Gump is a 1994 American romantic drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom . The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and stars Tom Hanks , Robin Wright , Gary Sinise , Mykelti Williamson , and Sally Field . The story depicts several decades in the life of its titular character ( Hanks ) , a slow - witted but kind - hearted , good - natured and athletically prodigious man from Alabama . Gump witnesses , and in some cases influences , some of the defining events of the latter half of the 20th century in the United States , specifically the period between his birth in 1944 and 1982 . The film differs substantially from Winston Groom 's novel , including Gump 's personality and several events that were depicted . Principal photography took place in late 1993 , mainly in Georgia , North Carolina , and South Carolina . Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate the protagonist into archived footage and to develop other scenes . A comprehensive soundtrack was featured in the film , using music intended to pinpoint specific time periods portrayed on screen . Its commercial release made it a top - selling soundtrack , selling over 12 million copies worldwide . Released in the United States on July 6 , 1994 , Forrest Gump became a commercial success as the top - grossing film in North America released in that year , being the first major success for Paramount since the studio 's merger with Viacom , earning over US $ 677 million worldwide during its theatrical run . In 1995 , it won the Academy Awards for Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Zemeckis , Best Actor for Tom Hanks , Best Adapted Screenplay for Eric Roth , Best Visual Effects , and Best Film Editing . It also garnered multiple other awards and nominations , including Golden Globes , People 's Choice Awards , and Young Artist Awards , among others . Since the film 's release , varying interpretations have been made of the film 's protagonist and its political symbolism . In 1996 , a themed restaurant , Bubba Gump Shrimp Company , opened based on the film and has since expanded to many locations worldwide . The scene of Gump running across the country is often referred to when real - life people attempt the feat . This aspect of the story was based on a man named Robert Sweetgall who walked across the continental United States seven times ; at the end of one of his trips a crowd of spectators included the film 's screenwriter . In 2011 , the Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Script 3.2 Filming 3.3 Visual effects 4 Release 4.1 Critical reception 4.2 Box office performance 4.3 Home media 4.4 Accolades 5 Author controversy 6 Symbolism 6.1 Feather 6.2 Political interpretations 7 Soundtrack 8 Proposed sequel 9 References 10 External links Plot ( edit ) In 1981 , Forrest Gump recounts his life story to strangers who sit next to him on a bench at a bus stop in Savannah , Georgia . On his first day of school in 1956 Greenbow , Alabama , Forrest meets a girl named Jenny Curran who , unlike the other children , immediately befriends young Forrest . Due to leg braces fitted to correct a curved spine , Forrest is unable to walk properly . One day , a young truck driver stays at the boarding house that Forrest lives in with his mother . The young truck driver turns out to be Elvis Presley who , while playing guitar for him , becomes enthralled at the jerky hip thrusting movements that the hobbled Forrest makes while trying to dance . Later on , Elvis becomes famous by imitating the dance . Forrest is often bullied because of his physical disability and marginal intelligence . One day , while trying to escape some bullies chasing him , his braces fall off revealing the young Forrest to be a very fast runner . Jenny yells to him , `` Run , Forrest , run ! '' Despite his low intelligence quotient , Forrest 's new running ability leads to him receiving a football scholarship to the University of Alabama in 1963 , becoming a top running back , being named on the All - American team , and meeting President John F. Kennedy . After his college graduation , he enlists in the U.S. Army , where he befriends a fellow soldier named Bubba , who convinces Forrest to go into the shrimping business with him when the war is over . In 1967 , they are sent to Vietnam and , during an ambush , Bubba is killed in action . Forrest saves many of his platoon , including his Lieutenant , Dan Taylor , who loses both his legs . Forrest is awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism . While Forrest is in recovery for a gunshot wound to his buttocks received while saving his platoon - mates , he discovers a talent for ping pong . He becomes a ping pong celebrity and plays competitively against Chinese teams in ping pong diplomacy . At an anti-war rally in Washington , D.C. , Forrest briefly reunites with Jenny , who has been living a hippie life . While in D.C. in 1972 , Forrest meets president Richard Nixon and is put up in the Watergate hotel , where he accidentally reveals the Watergate scandal , ultimately forcing Nixon to resign . Returning home , Forrest endorses a company that makes ping pong paddles . He uses the earnings to buy a shrimping boat , fulfilling his promise to Bubba . Taylor joins Forrest in 1974 , they initially have little success . After their boat becomes the only one to survive Hurricane Carmen they pull in huge amounts of shrimp . They use their income to purchase a fleet of shrimp boats . Dan invests the money in Apple Computer ( which Forrest naively thinks is `` some kind of fruit company '' ) and Forrest is financially secure for the rest of his life , but gives half of his earnings to Bubba 's family . He then returns home to see his mother 's last days . In the late 1978 , Jenny returns to visit Forrest and he soon proposes to her . She declines but slips into his bedroom and makes love to him that night before leaving early the next morning . Heartbroken , Forrest elects to go for a run . He decides to keep running across the country several times over three and a half years , becoming famous in the process . In the present , Forrest reveals that he is waiting at the bus stop because he received a letter from Jenny who , having seen him run on television , asked him to visit her . Reunited with Jenny , she introduces him to his son , named Forrest Gump , Jr . Jenny tells Forrest she is sick with an unknown virus . The three move back to Greenbow , Alabama . Jenny and Forrest finally marry but she dies a year later . Forrest and his son await the school bus on Forrest Jr. 's first day of school . Cast ( edit ) Tom Hanks ( left ) and Gary Sinise ( right ) on the film set in 1993 Tom Hanks as Forrest Gump : Though at an early age he is deemed to have a below average IQ of 75 , he has an endearing character and shows devotion to his loved ones and duties , character traits which bring him into many life - changing situations . Along the way , he encounters many historical figures and events throughout his life . Tom 's younger brother Jim Hanks is his acting double in the movie for the scenes when Forrest runs across the U.S. Tom 's daughter Elizabeth Hanks appears in the movie as the girl on the school bus who refuses to let young Forrest ( Michael Conner Humphreys ) sit next to her . John Travolta was the original choice to play the title role and admits passing on the role was a mistake . Bill Murray and Chevy Chase were also considered for the role . Sean Penn stated in an interview having been second choice for the role . Hanks revealed that he signed on to the film after an hour and a half of reading the script . He initially wanted to ease Forrest 's pronounced Southern accent , but was eventually persuaded by director Robert Zemeckis to portray the heavy accent stressed in the novel . Hanks agreed to take the role only on the condition that the film be historically accurate . Michael Conner Humphreys portrayed the young Forrest Gump . Hanks revealed in interviews that after hearing Michael 's unique accented drawl , he incorporated it into the older character 's accent . Winston Groom , who wrote the original novel , describes the film as having taken the `` rough edges '' off of the character , and envisioned him being played by John Goodman . Robin Wright as Jenny Curran : Forrest 's childhood friend with whom he immediately falls in love , and never stops loving throughout his life . A victim of child sexual abuse at the hands of her bitterly widowed father , Jenny embarks on a different path from Forrest , leading a self - destructive life and becoming part of the hippie movement in the 1960s and the 1970s / 1980s drug culture . She re-enters Forrest 's life at various times in adulthood . Jenny eventually becomes a waitress in Savannah , Georgia , where she lives in an apartment with her ( and Forrest 's ) son , Forrest Jr . They eventually get married , but soon afterwards she dies of an unnamed illness . Hanna R. Hall portrayed the young Jenny . Gary Sinise as Lieutenant Dan Taylor : Forrest and Bubba Blue 's platoon leader during the Vietnam War , whose ancestors have died in every U.S. war and who regards it as his destiny to do the same . After losing his legs in an ambush and being rescued against his will by Forrest , he is initially bitter and antagonistic towards Forrest for leaving him a `` cripple '' and denying him his family 's destiny , falling into a deep depression . He later serves as Forrest 's first mate at the Bubba Gump Shrimp Company , gives most of the orders , becoming wealthy with Forrest , and regains his will to live . He ultimately forgives and thanks Forrest for saving his life . By the end of the film , he is engaged to be married and is sporting `` magic legs '' -- titanium alloy prosthetics which allow him to walk again . Mykelti Williamson as Benjamin Buford `` Bubba '' Blue : Bubba was originally supposed to be the senior partner in the Bubba Gump Shrimp Company , but due to his death in Vietnam , their platoon leader , Dan Taylor , took his place . The company posthumously carried his name . Forrest later gave Bubba 's mother Bubba 's share of the business . Throughout filming , Williamson wore a lip attachment to create Bubba 's protruding lip . David Alan Grier , Ice Cube and Dave Chappelle were all offered the role but turned it down . Chappelle said he believed the film would be unsuccessful , and also acknowledged that he regrets not taking the role . Sally Field as Mrs. Gump : Field reflected on the character , `` She 's a woman who loves her son unconditionally. ... A lot of her dialogue sounds like slogans , and that 's just what she intends . '' Haley Joel Osment as Forrest Gump , Jr. : Osment was cast in the film after the casting director noticed him in a Pizza Hut commercial . Peter Dobson as Elvis : Although Kurt Russell was uncredited , he provided the voice for Elvis in the scene . Dick Cavett as himself : Cavett played a version of himself in the 1970s , with makeup applied to make him appear younger . Consequently , Cavett is the only well - known figure in the film to play a cameo role rather than be represented through the use of archival footage like John Lennon or President John F. Kennedy Sonny Shroyer as Coach Paul `` Bear '' Bryant Grand L. Bush , Michael Jace , Conor Kennelly , and Teddy Lane Jr. as the Black Panthers Production ( edit ) Script ( edit ) Main article : Forrest Gump ( novel ) `` The writer , Eric Roth , departed substantially from the book . We flipped the two elements of the book , making the love story primary and the fantastic adventures secondary . Also , the book was cynical and colder than the movie . In the movie , Gump is a completely decent character , always true to his word . He has no agenda and no opinion about anything except Jenny , his mother and God . '' -- director Robert Zemeckis The film is based on the 1986 novel by Winston Groom . Both center on the character of Forrest Gump . However , the film primarily focuses on the first eleven chapters of the novel , before skipping ahead to the end of the novel with the founding of Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. and the meeting with Forrest , Jr . In addition to skipping some parts of the novel , the film adds several aspects to Gump 's life that do not occur in the novel , such as his needing leg braces as a child and his run across the United States . Gump 's core character and personality are also changed from the novel ; among other things his film character is less of a savant -- in the novel , while playing football at the university , he fails craft and gym , but receives a perfect score in an advanced physics class he is enrolled in by his coach to satisfy his college requirements . The novel also features Gump as an astronaut , a professional wrestler , and a chess player . Two directors were offered the opportunity to direct the film before Robert Zemeckis was selected . Terry Gilliam turned down the offer . Barry Sonnenfeld was attached to the film , but left to direct Addams Family Values . Filming ( edit ) The shrimping boat Jenny used in the film . Filming began in August 1993 and ended in December of that year . Although most of the film is set in Alabama , filming took place mainly in and around Beaufort , South Carolina , as well as parts of coastal Virginia and North Carolina , including a running shot on the Blue Ridge Parkway . Downtown portions of the fictional town of Greenbow were filmed in Varnville , South Carolina . The scene of Forrest running through Vietnam while under fire was filmed on Fripp Island , South Carolina . Additional filming took place on the Biltmore Estate in Asheville , North Carolina , and along the Blue Ridge Parkway near Boone , North Carolina . The most notable place was Grandfather Mountain where a part of the road is named `` Forrest Gump Curve '' . The Gump family home set was built along the Combahee River near Yemassee , South Carolina , and the nearby land was used to film Curran 's home as well as some of the Vietnam scenes . Over 20 palmetto trees were planted to improve the Vietnam scenes . Forrest Gump narrated his life 's story at the southern edge of Chippewa Square in Savannah , Georgia , as he sat at a bus stop bench . There were other scenes filmed in and around the Savannah area as well , including a running shot on the Richard V. Woods Memorial Bridge in Beaufort while he was being interviewed by the press , and on West Bay Street in Savannah . Most of the college campus scenes were filmed in Los Angeles at the University of Southern California . The lighthouse that Forrest runs across to reach the Atlantic Ocean the first time is the Marshall Point Lighthouse in Port Clyde , Maine . Additional scenes were filmed in Arizona , Utah 's Monument Valley , and Montana 's Glacier National Park . Visual effects ( edit ) Gump with President John F. Kennedy . A variety of visual effects were used to incorporate Tom Hanks into archive footage with various historical figures and events . Ken Ralston and his team at Industrial Light & Magic were responsible for the film 's visual effects . Using CGI techniques , it was possible to depict Gump meeting deceased personages and shaking their hands . Hanks was first shot against a blue screen along with reference markers so that he could line up with the archive footage . To record the voices of the historical figures , voice actors were filmed and special effects were used to alter lip - syncing for the new dialogue . Archival footage was used and with the help of such techniques as chroma key , image warping , morphing , and rotoscoping , Hanks was integrated into it . Extensive visual effects were used to create the scene of the napalm bombing . In one Vietnam War scene , Gump carries Bubba away from an incoming napalm attack . To create the effect , stunt actors were initially used for compositing purposes . Then , Hanks and Williamson were filmed , with Williamson supported by a cable wire as Hanks ran with him . The explosion was then filmed , and the actors were digitally added to appear just in front of the explosions . The jet fighters and napalm canisters were also added by CGI . The CGI removal of actor Gary Sinise 's legs , after his character had them amputated , was achieved by wrapping his legs with a blue fabric , which later facilitated the work of the `` roto - paint '' team to paint out his legs from every single frame . At one point , while hoisting himself into his wheelchair , his legs are used for support . The scene where Forrest spots Jenny at a peace rally at the Lincoln Memorial and Reflecting Pool in Washington , D.C. , required visual effects to create the large crowd of people . Over two days of filming , approximately 1,500 extras were used . At each successive take , the extras were rearranged and moved into a different quadrant away from the camera . With the help of computers , the extras were multiplied to create a crowd of several hundred thousand people . Release ( edit ) Critical reception ( edit ) The film received generally positive reviews . The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 72 % of critics gave the film a positive review , with an average rating of 7.2 / 10 , based on a sample of 88 reviews . The website 's critical consensus states , `` Forrest Gump may be an overly sentimental film with a somewhat problematic message , but its sweetness and charm are usually enough to approximate true depth and grace . '' At the website Metacritic , the film earned a rating of 82 out of 100 based on 20 reviews by mainstream critics . CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare `` A + '' grade . The story was commended by several critics . Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun - Times wrote , `` I 've never met anyone like Forrest Gump in a movie before , and for that matter I 've never seen a movie quite like ' Forrest Gump . ' Any attempt to describe him will risk making the movie seem more conventional than it is , but let me try . It 's a comedy , I guess . Or maybe a drama . Or a dream . The screenplay by Eric Roth has the complexity of modern fiction ... The performance is a breathtaking balancing act between comedy and sadness , in a story rich in big laughs and quiet truths ... What a magical movie . '' Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote that the film `` has been very well worked out on all levels , and manages the difficult feat of being an intimate , even delicate tale played with an appealingly light touch against an epic backdrop . '' The film did receive notable pans from several major reviewers . Anthony Lane of The New Yorker called the film `` Warm , wise , and wearisome as hell . '' Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly said that the film `` reduces the tumult of the last few decades to a virtual - reality theme park : a baby - boomer version of Disney 's America . '' Critics have compared Gump with various characters and people including Huckleberry Finn , Bill Clinton , and Ronald Reagan . Peter Chomo writes that Gump acts as a `` social mediator and as an agent of redemption in divided times '' . Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called Gump `` everything we admire in the American character -- honest , brave , and loyal with a heart of gold . '' The New York Times reviewer Janet Maslin called Gump a `` hollow man '' who is `` self - congratulatory in his blissful ignorance , warmly embraced as the embodiment of absolutely nothing . '' Marc Vincenti of Palo Alto Weekly called the character `` a pitiful stooge taking the pie of life in the face , thoughtfully licking his fingers . '' Bruce Kawin and Gerald Mast 's textbook on film history notes that Forrest Gump 's dimness was a metaphor for glamorized nostalgia in that he represented a blank slate by which the Baby Boomer generation projected their memories of those events . The film is commonly seen as a polarizing one for audiences , with Entertainment Weekly writing in 2004 , `` Nearly a decade after it earned gazillions and swept the Oscars , Robert Zemeckis 's ode to 20th - century America still represents one of cinema 's most clearly drawn lines in the sand . One half of folks see it as an artificial piece of pop melodrama , while everyone else raves that it 's sweet as a box of chocolates . '' Box Office performance ( edit ) Produced on a budget of $55 million , Forrest Gump opened in 1,595 theaters in its first weekend of domestic release , earning $24,450,602 . Motion picture business consultant and screenwriter Jeffrey Hilton suggested to producer Wendy Finerman to double the P&A ( film marketing budget ) based on his viewing of an early print of the film . The budget was immediately increased , per his advice . The film placed first in the weekend 's box office , narrowly beating The Lion King , which was in its fourth week of release . For the first ten weeks of its release , the film held the number one position at the box office . The film remained in theaters for 42 weeks , earning $329.7 million in the United States and Canada , making it the fourth - highest - grossing film at that time ( behind only E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , Star Wars IV : A New Hope , and Jurassic Park ) . Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 78.5 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run . The film took 66 days to surpass $250 million and was the fastest grossing Paramount film to pass $100 million , $200 million , and $300 million in box office receipts ( at the time of its release ) . The film had gross receipts of $329,694,499 in the U.S. and Canada and $347,693,217 in international markets for a total of $677,387,716 worldwide . Even with such revenue , the film was known as a `` successful failure '' -- due to distributors ' and exhibitors ' high fees , Paramount 's `` losses '' clocked in at $62 million , leaving executives realizing the necessity of better deals . This has , however , also been associated with Hollywood accounting , where expenses are inflated in order to minimize profit sharing . It is Robert Zemeckis ' highest - grossing film to date . Home media ( edit ) Forrest Gump was first released on VHS tape on April 27 , 1995 , as a two - disc Laserdisc set on April 28 , 1995 , ( including the `` Through the Eyes of Forrest '' special feature ) , before being released in a two - disc DVD set on August 28 , 2001 . Special features included director and producer commentaries , production featurettes , and screen tests . The film was released on Blu - ray disc in November 2009 . Paramount will release the film on 4K UHD Blu - Ray on June 12 2018 . Accolades ( edit ) Main article : List of accolades received by Forrest Gump Forrest Gump won Best Picture , Best Actor in a Leading Role , Best Director , Best Visual Effects , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Film Editing at the 67th Academy Awards . The film was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards , winning three of them : Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , Best Director -- Motion Picture , and Best Motion Picture -- Drama . The film was also nominated for six Saturn Awards and won two for Best Fantasy Film and Best Supporting Actor ( Film ) . In addition to the film 's multiple awards and nominations , it has also been recognized by the American Film Institute on several of its lists . The film ranks 37th on 100 Years ... 100 Cheers , 71st on 100 Years ... 100 Movies , and 76th on 100 Years ... 100 Movies ( 10th Anniversary Edition ) . In addition , the quote `` Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates . You never know what you 're gon na get , '' was ranked 40th on 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes . The film also ranked at number 61 on Empire 's list of the 100 Greatest Movies of All Time . In December 2011 , Forrest Gump was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress ' National Film Registry . The Registry said that the film was `` honored for its technological innovations ( the digital insertion of Gump seamlessly into vintage archival footage ) , its resonance within the culture that has elevated Gump ( and what he represents in terms of American innocence ) to the status of folk hero , and its attempt to engage both playfully and seriously with contentious aspects of the era 's traumatic history . '' American Film Institute Lists AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies -- # 71 AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs -- Nominated AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Passions -- Nominated AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains : Forrest Gump -- Nominated Hero AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes : `` Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates . You never know what you 're gon na get . '' -- # 40 `` Mama says , ' Stupid is as stupid does . ' '' -- Nominated AFI 's 100 Years of Film Scores -- Nominated AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Cheers -- # 37 AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies ( 10th Anniversary Edition ) -- # 76 AFI 's 10 Top 10 -- Nominated Epic Film Author controversy ( edit ) Winston Groom was paid $350,000 for the screenplay rights to his novel Forrest Gump and was contracted for a 3 percent share of the film 's net profits . However , Paramount and the film 's producers did not pay him , using Hollywood accounting to posit that the blockbuster film lost money . Tom Hanks , by contrast , contracted for a percent share of the film 's gross receipts instead of a salary , and he and director Zemeckis each received $40 million . Additionally , Groom was not mentioned once in any of the film 's six Oscar - winner speeches . Groom 's dispute with Paramount was later effectively resolved after Groom declared he was satisfied with Paramount 's explanation of their accounting , this coinciding with Groom receiving a seven - figure contract with Paramount for film rights to another of his books , Gump & Co . Symbolism ( edit ) Feather ( edit ) `` I do n't want to sound like a bad version of ' the child within ' . But the childlike innocence of Forrest Gump is what we all once had . It 's an emotional journey . You laugh and cry . It does what movies are supposed to do : make you feel alive . '' -- producer Wendy Finerman Various interpretations have been suggested for the feather present at the opening and conclusion of the film . Sarah Lyall of The New York Times noted several suggestions made about the feather : `` Does the white feather symbolize the unbearable lightness of being ? Forrest Gump 's impaired intellect ? The randomness of experience ? '' Hanks interpreted the feather as : `` Our destiny is only defined by how we deal with the chance elements to our life and that 's kind of the embodiment of the feather as it comes in . Here is this thing that can land anywhere and that it lands at your feet . It has theological implications that are really huge . '' Sally Field compared the feather to fate , saying : `` It blows in the wind and just touches down here or there . Was it planned or was it just perchance ? '' Visual effects supervisor Ken Ralston compared the feather to an abstract painting : `` It can mean so many things to so many different people . '' Political interpretations ( edit ) In Tom Hanks ' words , `` The film is non-political and thus non-judgmental . '' Nevertheless , in 1994 , CNN 's Crossfire debated whether the film promoted conservative values or was an indictment of the counterculture movement of the 1960s . Thomas Byers , in a Modern Fiction Studies article , called the film `` an aggressively conservative film '' . `` ... all over the political map , people have been calling Forrest their own . But , Forrest Gump is n't about politics or conservative values . It 's about humanity , it 's about respect , tolerance and unconditional love . '' -- producer Steve Tisch It has been noted that while Gump follows a very conservative lifestyle , Jenny 's life is full of countercultural embrace , complete with drug usage , promiscuity , and antiwar rallies , and that their eventual marriage might be a kind of reconciliation . Jennifer Hyland Wang argued in a Cinema Journal article that Jenny 's death to an unnamed virus `` ... symbolizes the death of liberal America and the death of the protests that defined a decade ( 1960s ) . '' She also notes the film 's screenwriter , Eric Roth , when developing the screenplay from the novel , had `` ... transferred all of Gump 's flaws and most of the excesses committed by Americans in the 1960s and 1970s to her ( Jenny ) . '' Other commentators believe the film forecast the 1994 Republican Revolution and used the image of Forrest Gump to promote movement leader Newt Gingrich 's traditional , conservative values . Jennifer Hyland Wang observes that the film idealizes the 1950s , as made evident by the lack of `` whites only '' signs in Gump 's Southern childhood , and `` revisions '' ( sic ) the 1960s as a period of social conflict and confusion . She argues that this sharp contrast between the decades criticizes the counterculture values and reaffirms conservatism . As viewed by political scientist Joe Paskett , this film is `` one of the best films of all time '' . Wang argued the film was used by Republican politicians to illustrate a `` traditional version of recent history '' to gear voters towards their ideology for the congressional elections . In addition , presidential candidate Bob Dole cited the film 's message in influencing his campaign with its `` ... message that has made ( the film ) one of Hollywood 's all - time greatest box office hits : no matter how great the adversity , the American Dream is within everybody 's reach . '' In 1995 , National Review included Forrest Gump in its list of the `` Best 100 Conservative Movies '' of all time . Then , in 2009 , the magazine ranked the film number four on its 25 Best Conservative Movies of the Last 25 Years list . `` Tom Hanks plays the title character , an amiable dunce who is far too smart to embrace the lethal values of the 1960s . The love of his life , wonderfully played by Robin Wright Penn , chooses a different path ; she becomes a drug - addled hippie , with disastrous results . '' James Burton , a communication arts professor at Salisbury University , argued that conservatives claimed Forrest Gump as their own due less to the content of the film and more to the historical and cultural context of 1994 . Burton claimed the film 's content and advertising campaign were affected by the cultural climate of the 1990s , which emphasized family values and `` American values '' -- values epitomized in the successful book Hollywood vs. America . He claimed this climate influenced the apolitical nature of the film , which allowed for many different political interpretations . Burton points out that many conservative critics and magazines ( John Simon , James Bowman , the World Report ) initially either criticized the film or praised it only for its non-political elements . Only after the popularity of the film was well - established did conservatives embrace the film as an affirmation of traditional values . Burton implies the liberal - left could have prevented the conservatives from claiming rights to the film , had it chosen to vocalize elements of the film such as its criticism of military values . Instead , the liberal - left focused on what the film omitted , such as the feminist and civil rights movements . Some commentators see the conservative readings of Forrest Gump as indicants of the death of irony in American culture . Vivian Sobchack notes that the film 's humor and irony rely on the assumption of the audience 's historical ( self - ) consciousness . Soundtrack ( edit ) Main articles : Forrest Gump ( soundtrack ) and Forrest Gump -- Original Motion Picture Score The 32 - song soundtrack from the film was released on July 6 , 1994 . With the exception of a lengthy suite from Alan Silvestri 's score , all the songs are previously released ; the soundtrack includes songs from Elvis Presley , Creedence Clearwater Revival , Aretha Franklin , Lynyrd Skynyrd , Three Dog Night , The Byrds , The Beach Boys , The Jimi Hendrix Experience , The Doors , The Mamas & the Papas , The Doobie Brothers , Simon & Garfunkel , Bob Seger , and Buffalo Springfield among others . Music producer Joel Sill reflected on compiling the soundtrack : `` We wanted to have very recognizable material that would pinpoint time periods , yet we did n't want to interfere with what was happening cinematically . '' The two - disc album has a variety of music from the 1950s -- 1980s performed by American artists . According to Sills , this was due to Zemeckis ' request , `` All the material in there is American . Bob ( Zemeckis ) felt strongly about it . He felt that Forrest would n't buy anything but American . '' The soundtrack reached a peak of number 2 on the Billboard album chart . The soundtrack went on to sell twelve million copies , and is one of the top selling albums in the United States . The score for the film was composed and conducted by Alan Silvestri and released on August 2 , 1994 . Proposed sequel ( edit ) Main article : Gump and Co . The screenplay for the sequel was written by Eric Roth in 2001 . It is based on the original novel 's sequel , Gump and Co. written by Winston Groom in 1995 . Roth 's script begins with Forrest sitting on a bench waiting for his son to return from school . After the September 11 attacks , Roth , Zemeckis , and Hanks decided the story was no longer `` relevant . '' In March 2007 , however , it was reported Paramount producers took another look at the screenplay . On the very first page of the sequel novel , Forrest Gump tells readers `` Do n't never let nobody make a movie of your life 's story , '' though `` Whether they get it right or wrong , it does n't matter . '' The first chapter of the book suggests the real - life events surrounding the film have been incorporated into Forrest 's storyline , and that Forrest got a lot of media attention as a result of the film . During the course of the sequel novel , Gump runs into Tom Hanks and at the end of the novel in the film 's release , including Gump going on The David Letterman Show and attending the Academy Awards . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved July 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Man ( Not Named Forrest Gump ) Runs Across the U.S. the wolf lair . Thewolflair.wordpress.com ( May 11 , 2011 ) . Retrieved on March 7 , 2013 . Jump up ^ http://m.legacy.com/obituaries/idahostatesman/obituary.aspx?n=robert-sweetgall&pid=185842693&referrer=0&preview=false Jump up ^ `` News from the Library of Congress -- 2011 National Film Registry More Than a Box of Chocolates '' Jump up ^ Smith , Neil ( 2017 - 06 - 16 ) . `` 9 stars who turned down great film roles '' . BBC News . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 29 . Jump up ^ `` Iconic Roles and the Stars Who Regret Turning Them Down '' . Celebs.Answers.com . Archived from the original on February 22 , 2014 . Retrieved April 1 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Forbes staff ( February 25 , 2009 ) . `` Star Misses -- 4 ) Forrest Gump Starring ... John Travolta '' . Forbes . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Wiser , Paige ( December 17 , 2006 ) . `` Might - have - beens who ( thankfully ) were n't : The wacky world of Hollywood 's strangest casting calls '' ( Fee required ) . Chicago Sun - Times . Retrieved July 1 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Mal , Vincent ( July 6 , 1994 ) . `` Show Some Gumption Hanks Excels in Tale of a Simple Man 's Brushes with Fame '' ( Fee required ) . The Virginian - Pilot . Retrieved July 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Grimes , William ( September 1 , 1994 ) . `` Following the Star Of a Winsome Idiot '' . The New York Times . Retrieved November 16 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Daly , Sean ( September 15 , 1997 ) . `` Mykelti Williamson later said the ' Forrest Gump ' role nearly ruined his acting career '' . Jet . FindArticles . Archived from the original on October 6 , 2009 . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Boucher , Geoff ( March 26 , 2000 ) . `` On the Trail of a Hollywood Hyphenate ; Rapper / Actor / Writer / Producer / Director . Is There Room For Anything Else on Ice Cube 's Resume ? '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Wuntch , Philip ( July 18 , 1994 ) . `` In character -- Sally Field finding the good roles '' ( Fee required ) . San Antonio Express - News . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Daly , Sean ( July 1 , 2001 ) . `` Haley Joel Osment on Robots and Reality '' ( Fee required ) . The Buffalo News . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Eler , Robert K. ( January 22 , 2009 ) . `` 598 - page encyclopedia covers a whole lot of Elvis '' . Arkansas Democrat Gazette . Archived from the original ( Fee required ) on July 21 , 2011 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Forrest Gump - ( Seeing is Believing : The Visual Effects of Forrest Gump - John Lennon with Dick Cavett ) ( DVD ) . Paramount Pictures . August 28 , 2001 . ^ Jump up to : Mills , Bart ( July 8 , 1994 ) . `` In ' Forrest Gump , ' Historical Figures Speak for Themselves '' ( Fee required ) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved June 13 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Delarte , Alonso ( February 2004 ) . `` Movies By The Book : Forrest Gump '' ( PDF ) . Bob 's Poetry Magazine . p. 24 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on March 27 , 2009 . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Plume , Kenneth ( August 24 , 2005 ) . `` Gilliam on Grimm '' . IGN . p. 3 . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Fretts , Bruce ( November 3 , 1995 ) . `` Get Barry '' . Entertainment Weekly . p. 2 . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ McKenna , Kristine ( December 19 , 1993 ) . `` He 's Serious About This One For Tom Hanks , it 's been a long ride from ' Splash ' to ' Philadelphia , ' in which the likable comedy actor plays an AIDS patient who 's fired from his job '' ( Fee required ) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved June 13 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Must - see sites abound along Blue Ridge Parkway -- The Indiana Gazette Online : Indiana County Area News . Indianagazette.com ( June 12 , 2011 ) . Retrieved on March 7 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Film locations for Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) . Movie-locations.com . Retrieved on March 7 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Smith , Katherine . `` Island getaway is motion - picture perfect '' . St. Petersburg Times . Archived from the original on June 2 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Grandfather Mountain audio tour ^ Jump up to : Forrest Gump - ( Building the World of Gump : Production Design ) ( DVD ) . Paramount Pictures . August 28 , 2001 . Jump up ^ D'Arc , James V. ( 2010 ) . When Hollywood came to town : a history of moviemaking in Utah ( 1st ed . ) . Layton , Utah : Gibbs Smith . ISBN 9781423605874 . Jump up ^ Forrest Gump - ( Through the eyes of Forrest Gump ) ( DVD ) . Paramount Pictures . August 28 , 2001 . Event occurs at 12 : 29 . Jump up ^ Forrest Gump - ( Seeing is Believing : The Visual Effects of Forrest Gump - Vietnam ) ( DVD ) . Paramount Pictures . August 28 , 2001 . Jump up ^ Forrest Gump - ( Seeing is Believing : The Visual Effects of Forrest Gump - Lt. Dan 's Legs ) ( DVD ) . Paramount Pictures . August 28 , 2001 . ^ Jump up to : Forrest Gump - ( Seeing is Believing : The Visual Effects of Forrest Gump - Enhancing Reality ) ( DVD ) . Paramount Pictures . August 28 , 2001 . Jump up ^ `` Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved March 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Forrest Gump Reviews '' . Metacritic . CBS Interactive . Retrieved March 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Pamela McClintock ( August 19 , 2011 ) . `` Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved September 14 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Ebert , Roger ( July 6 , 1994 ) . `` Forrest Gump '' . Chicago Sun - Times . Archived from the original on June 20 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ McCarthy , Todd ( July 10 , 1994 ) . `` Forrest Gump '' . Variety . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Lane , Anthony . `` Forrest Gump '' . The New Yorker . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Gleiberman , Owen ( July 15 , 1994 ) . `` Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Hinson , Hal ( August 14 , 1994 ) . `` Forrest Gump , Our National Folk Zero '' . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Rich , Frank ( July 21 , 1994 ) . `` The Gump From Hope '' . The New York Times . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Corliss , Richard ; Julie Grace ; Martha Smilgis ( August 1 , 1994 ) . `` The World According to Gump '' . Time . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Wang , Jennifer Hyland ( Spring 2000 ) . `` '' A Struggle of Contending Stories `` : Race , Gender , and Political Memory in Forrest Gump '' ( PDF ) . Cinema Journal . 39 ( 3 ) : 92 -- 102 . doi : 10.1353 / cj. 2000.0009 . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Travers , Peter ( December 8 , 2000 ) . `` Forrest Gump '' . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on June 22 , 2008 . Retrieved July 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Burr , Ty ( June 20 , 1994 ) . `` Loss of innocence : ' Forrest Gump ' at 10 '' . The Boston Globe . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Film critic Pauline Kael came out of retirement to bash the film on a book tour ; by year 's end , New York Times reviewer Janet Maslin had gone from mildly praising the film in her initial review to putting it on her worst of 1994 list , describing Forrest as a `` hollow man '' who 's ' self - congratulatory in his blissful ignorance , warmly embraced as the embodiment of absolutely nothing . ' Jump up ^ Vincenti , Marc ( August 1994 ) . `` Forrest Gump '' . Palo Alto Weekly . Archived from the original on June 16 , 2011 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Mast , Gerald ( 2007 ) . A Short History of the Movies : 10th Edition . London : Longman . Jump up ^ Bal , Sumeet ; Marc Bernardin ; Monica Mehta ; Joshua Rich ; Erin Richter ; Michael Sauter ; Missy Schwartz ; Nancy Sidewater ( January 9 , 2004 ) . `` Cry Hard 2 The Readers Strike Back '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Forrest Gump Weekend Box Office '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved July 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` All Time Box Office Domestic Grosses '' . Box Office Mojo . Jump up ^ `` Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved May 31 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Fastest to $100 million '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved July 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Fastest to $200 million '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved July 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Fastest to $300 million '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved July 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ McDonald , Paul , and Janet Wasko . The Contemporary Hollywood Film Industry . Malden : Blackwell , 2008 . Pg : 79 # Jump up ^ Lowman , Rob ( August 28 , 2001 ) . `` Video Enchanted Forrest the Much - beloved `` Forrest Gump '' Arrives on DVD with Sweetness Intact '' ( Fee required ) . Beacon Journal . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Schweiger , Arlen ( June 23 , 2009 ) . `` Paramount Saves Top Titles for Blu - ray ' Sapphire ' Treatment '' . Electronic House . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2010 . Retrieved October 20 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Paramount Preps ' Forrest Gump ' for 4K Ultra HD Blu - ray High - Def Digest '' . www.highdefdigest.com . Retrieved 2018 - 04 - 03 . Jump up ^ `` AFI 's 100 Years ... The Complete Lists '' . American Film Institute . Archived from the original on July 16 , 2011 . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Braund , Simon ; et al. `` Empire 's 100 Greatest Movies Of All Time '' . Empire . Retrieved November 16 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Nuckols , Ben ( December 28 , 2011 ) . `` Forrest Gump , Hannibal Lecter join film registry '' . Associated Press . Cox Newspapers . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2012 . Retrieved December 28 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` 2011 National Film Registry More Than a Box of Chocolates '' . Library of Congress . December 28 , 2011 . Retrieved December 28 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Horn , John ( May 25 , 1995 ) . `` ' Forrest Gump ' Has Yet to Make a Net Profit '' . The Journal Record . FindArticles . Archived from the original on December 14 , 2007 . Retrieved July 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Davis , Charles E. ( Summer 1997 ) . `` Accounting is like a box of chocolates : A lesson in cost behavior '' . Journal of Accounting Education . 15 ( 3 ) : 307 -- 318 . doi : 10.1016 / S0748 - 5751 ( 97 ) 00008 - 0 . Jump up ^ Turan , Kenneth ( March 28 , 1995 ) . `` Calender Goes to the Oscars Analysis Life Is Like a Box of Oscars But Statues Are Divvied Up , Quite Fittingly '' ( Fee required ) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved June 13 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` ' Gump ' Author Settles Fight With Studio '' . San Francisco Chronicle ( June 15 , 1995 ) . Retrieved on June 9 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Lyall , Sarah ( July 31 , 1994 ) . `` It 's ' Forrest Gump ' vs. Harrumph '' . The New York Times . Archived from the original on October 22 , 2010 . Retrieved October 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Forrest Gump - ( Through the eyes of Forrest Gump ) ( DVD ) . Paramount Pictures . August 28 , 2001 . Event occurs at 23 : 27 . Jump up ^ Forrest Gump - ( Through the eyes of Forrest Gump ) ( DVD ) . Paramount Pictures . August 28 , 2001 . Event occurs at 23 : 57 . Jump up ^ Forrest Gump - ( Through the eyes of Forrest Gump ) ( DVD ) . Paramount Pictures . August 28 , 2001 . Event occurs at 26 : 29 . ^ Jump up to : Byers , Thomas B. ( 1996 ) . `` History Re-Membered : Forrest Gump , Postfeminist Masculinity , and the Burial of the Counterculture '' . Modern Fiction Studies . 42 ( 2 ) : 419 -- 444 . doi : 10.1353 / mfs. 1995.0102 . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wang , Jennifer ( Spring 2000 ) . `` '' A Struggle of Contending Stories `` : Race , Gender , and Political Memory in `` Forrest Gump '' `` . Cinema Journal . 39 ( 3 ) : 92 -- 115 . doi : 10.1353 / cj. 2000.0009 . Jump up ^ Gordinier , Jeff ( February 10 , 1995 ) . `` Mr. Gump Goes to Washington '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on October 22 , 2010 . Retrieved October 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Quillen , Ed ( May 7 , 1995 ) . `` Why are modern conservatives so enchanted with Forrest Gump ? '' . Denver Post . ^ Jump up to : Miller , John J. ( February 23 , 2009 ) . `` The Best Conservative Movies '' . National Review . Archived from the original on October 26 , 2010 . Retrieved October 21 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Burton , James Amos ( September 2007 ) . `` Film , History and Cultural Memory : Cinematic Representations of Vietnam - Era America During the Culture Wars , 1987 -- 1995 '' . PhD Thesis . ^ Jump up to : Rice , Lynette ( August 14 , 1994 ) . `` Songs Set the Mood for ' Gump ' '' . Gainesville Sun . Retrieved July 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Top Albums at the Recording Industry Association of America '' . Recording Industry Association of America . Archived from the original on June 19 , 2004 . Retrieved July 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Sciretta , Peter ( December 7 , 2008 ) . `` 9 / 11 Killed the Forrest Gump Sequel '' . / Film . Archived from the original on October 22 , 2010 . Retrieved October 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Tyler , Josh ( March 7 , 2007 ) . `` Forrest Gump Gets A Sequel '' . Cinema Blend . Archived from the original on October 22 , 2010 . Retrieved October 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Groom , Winston ( 1996 ) . Gump & Co . Pocket Books . p. 1 . ISBN 0 - 671 - 52264 - 7 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Forrest Gump . 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Silent Witness - wikipedia Silent Witness Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Silent Witness ( disambiguation ) . Silent Witness Title card ( 2015 -- 2017 ) Genre Crime drama Created by Nigel McCrery Starring Amanda Burton William Gaminara Tom Ward Emilia Fox David Caves Liz Carr Richard Lintern Theme music composer John Harle Composer ( s ) Sheridan Tongue Country of origin United Kingdom Original language ( s ) English No. of series 21 No. of episodes 184 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Phillipa Giles Laura Mackie Jessica Pope Producer ( s ) Sharon Bloom Anne Pivcevic Ceri Meyrick Running time 45 minutes ( Series 1 -- 5 ) 60 minutes ( Series 6 -- present ) Distributor BBC Studios Release Original network BBC One Audio format Stereo Original release 21 February 1996 ( 1996 - 02 - 21 ) -- present External links Website Silent Witness is a British television crime drama series , produced by the BBC , which focuses on a team of forensic pathology experts and their investigations into various crimes . First broadcast in 1996 , the series was created by Nigel McCrery , a former murder squad detective based in Nottingham . ( He later went on to create the series New Tricks , with writer Roy Mitchell . ) Twenty - one series of Silent Witness have been broadcast since 1996 . Amanda Burton starred as primary character Dr. Sam Ryan before leaving the show during the eighth series . Since her departure the series has featured an ensemble cast , currently consisting of Emilia Fox , David Caves , Liz Carr and Richard Lintern . The programme is broadcast in more than 235 territories , including ABC in Australia , Showcase and the Knowledge Network in Canada , KRO in the Netherlands , TV One and Prime in New Zealand , and BBC America in the United States . Silent Witness continues to achieve good audience ratings in the UK . In 2011 , for example , Series 14 attracted an average audience of nine million viewers . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Episodes 3 Characters 3.1 Main 3.2 Main characters 3.3 Other characters 3.4 Police 4 Novels 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Background ( edit ) The main character in the original series was based on Professor Helen Whitwell , a forensic pathologist based in Sheffield , whom McCrery had known while serving as a police officer . The programme followed the activities of pathologist Sam Ryan , played by Amanda Burton , until she departed early in the eighth series . There was a succession of regular supporting characters , changing almost every series , but Dr Leo Dalton ( William Gaminara ) and Dr Harry Cunningham ( Tom Ward ) , who were introduced in the sixth series , continued as lead characters following Ryan 's departure , with Dalton replacing her as professor . A new character , Dr Nikki Alexander ( Emilia Fox ) , was introduced in the eighth series . While working as a forensic anthropologist , she appropriates facilities and software in the pathology department to analyse an Iron Age find , with the belated , bemused and begrudging approval of Dalton . Dr Alexander is able to assist in a set of cases being investigated by the team , as it turns out she has `` worked in forensic pathology in Johannesburg for six months '' and is certified by the Home Office to practise . She eventually overcomes Leo 's reluctance and , with Harry 's support , is offered and accepts a position on the team . During the fifteenth series Dr Cunningham leaves to accept a position in New York City . He is replaced by forensics expert Jack Hodgson ( David Caves ) and his assistant Clarissa Mullery ( Liz Carr ) . During the sixteenth series Dr Dalton is killed in an explosion . His replacement , Dr Thomas Chamberlain ( Richard Lintern ) , is introduced at the start of the seventeenth series . Although the show focuses heavily on areas of pathology , the police also have a presence in each case . During later series of the show detectives and investigators tend to differ from episode to episode , with guest artists appearing in these roles . However , during the early years of the show several characters appeared regularly to investigate each case . The first three series were set in Cambridge . This changed to London from the start of the fourth series , following Sam as she took up an academic position . Each series is typically made up of a series of two - part stories . The first nine series typically featured eight episodes ( four two - part stories ) , increased to ten episodes ( five two - part stories ) from the tenth series onwards . In 1998 the writer John Milne received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for the second series episode `` Blood , Sweat and Tears '' . In the United States the series airs during ' Mystery Monday ' on BBC America . The series airs in Norway under the title `` Tause vitner '' on the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation NRK and in Sweden on TV4 under the name `` Tyst vittne '' . Both the Norwegian and Swedish titles are direct translations . The show is also broadcast in the Netherlands by public broadcaster KRO , Belgium on VRT channel Canvas and in Finland on the Finnish Broadcasting Company Yle using the name `` Hiljainen todistaja '' , which is also a direct translation of the original title . The theme music featured in the series is entitled Silencium and is performed by John Harle . The arrangement , for chamber orchestra and soprano saxophone solo , was first performed as part of the Canterbury Festival on 22 October 2011 . The vocal section is performed by Sarah Leonard . The incidental music used in the series is written by the BAFTA - nominated composer Sheridan Tongue . In August 2012 the series came under criticism for being `` unduly gruesome '' . Controversy was specifically focused on the fifteenth - series episode Redhill , written by Ed Whitmore . The BBC responded with the following : `` As programme makers we take our responsibility to the audience extremely seriously and try to make sure we strike the right balance between compelling drama without being unnecessarily graphic . Towards the end of the first episode , we had established that DI Bridges and Officer Kessler had previously worked together and that he was the one very much in control . The final scene was not an attempt to gratuitously shock the audience ; it was rooted in character and research , showing just what DI Bridges was prepared to do for her colleague for the sake of her family , as well as the brutality that Kessler was capable of . We acknowledge that certain scenes may have been challenging , but we filmed and presented them in such a way as to make sure that although as a viewer the implication was there , it was never actually shown . Silent Witness is now in its fifteenth series , and we believe the general tone and content is widely recognised by its regular audience . It 's fair to say the show is known for tackling challenging stories and exploring adult themes and we do n't feel the content of these episodes would have gone beyond viewers ' expectations . As well as scheduling the series after the watershed , we made sure the content was widely publicised and gave a warning before both episodes . '' Episodes ( edit ) Further information : List of Silent Witness episodes Characters ( edit ) Main ( edit ) Actor Character Series 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Amanda Burton Professor Sam Ryan Main Absent William Gaminara Professor Leo Dalton Absent Main Absent Guest Absent Tom Ward Dr. Harry Cunningham Absent Main Absent Emilia Fox Dr. Nikki Alexander Absent Main David Caves Jack Hodgson Absent Main Liz Carr Clarissa Mullery Absent Main Richard Lintern Dr. Thomas Chamberlain Absent Main Main characters ( edit ) Professor Sam Ryan ( Amanda Burton ) -- Series 1 -- 8 . Sam originally lived and worked in Cambridge , but moved to London at the end of series three after she was offered the job of professor at a university . Sam departed in the first episode of series eight , `` A Time To Heal '' . Sam returned home to Ireland after a member of her family was implicated in a murder . Professor Leo Dalton ( William Gaminara ) -- Series 6 -- 16 . Leo first appeared in the episode `` The Fall Out '' , where he was nothing more than a simple doctor . However , he was promoted to professor after former professor Sam Ryan left . In the episode `` Ghosts '' , both his wife , Theresa , and his daughter , Cassie , are killed in a car accident . He began a relationship with fellow professor Janet Mander in `` Death 's Door '' , but ended their relationship in the episode `` Domestic '' . Leo often took a strong opinion on cases and became emotionally involved . He died in the series 16 finale `` Greater Love '' , when he sacrificed himself to save many others from a terrorist bomb explosion . He briefly appeared in a flashback in the last episode of series 20 . Dr. Harry Cunningham ( Tom Ward ) -- Series 6 -- 15 . Harry started out life as a junior doctor , who worked as an apprentice alongside Sam and Leo . However , he soon qualified as a pathologist , and has worked on equal footing with the team for a number of years . Harry was single , and lived alone , but has had several romantic relationships , including an ongoing ' will they - wo n't they ' relationship with his colleague Nikki . Harry left the team to accept a professorship in New York at the end of series 15 . As this was decided after filming was completed , and the stories were reordered , with `` And Then I Fell in Love '' airing last , where it was originally scheduled as the second episode , his departure was never on screen . Dr. Nikki Alexander ( Emilia Fox ) -- since Series 8 . Originally appearing in the episode `` Nowhere Fast '' , Nikki was originally assigned to the Lyell Centre to defuse the tension between Harry and Leo after Sam 's departure . However , Nikki soon became a permanent fixture within the team , and although she features more prominently in the series , holds a lower rank in pathology than Leo . Despite her native home being South Africa , Nikki regards the United Kingdom as her second home , as the reason for her departure from the country lies solely in the hands of her father , Victor , as explained in the episode `` Double Dare '' . Nikki often flirted with colleague Harry , and even invited him to stay at her house after his flat blew up in an explosion . Nikki and Harry were in an ongoing ' will they - wo n't they ' relationship until he left in Series 15 . As well as this , she developed a close relationship with Leo and looked up to him as a father figure . Jack Hodgson ( David Caves ) -- since Series 16 . Before his arrival at the Lyell Centre , Jack was a forensic scientist for the police , working on regular murder investigations . However , when he is called out to the scene of a man 's suspicious death in `` Change '' , both Nikki and Leo spot his potential , and looking for a senior colleague to replace Harry , decide to offer Jack a job as the centre 's forensic expert . Jack is close friends with colleague Clarissa Mullery , whom he invites to work with him at the Lyell Centre , much to Leo 's surprise . In his spare time , Jack is a cage fighter , and splits his home life between forensic research and training for his next fight . Clarissa Mullery ( Liz Carr ) -- since Series 16 . Clarissa is Jack 's personal lab assistant , who first appears in the episode `` Change '' , when Jack invites her to work at the Lyell Centre with him , much to Leo 's surprise . She is a disabled by an unspecified condition and uses an electric wheelchair . She has a very cheeky side , first making a quip at Leo after he fails to recognise who she is on her first arrival . Clarissa had clearly worked for Jack for a long period before his appointment at the Lyell Centre ; however , the exact period of time is unknown . Dr. Thomas Chamberlain ( Richard Lintern ) -- since Series 17 . Thomas Chamberlain has taken over as head of the Lyell Centre from Leo who died at the end of series 16 . He is an experienced forensic pathologist with a renowned reputation in toxicology and is described as charming , charismatic and socially shrewd . His first encounters with Jack , Nikki and Clarissa did not go well but they were gradually warmed to him . It is revealed in the last episode of his first series that his wife has left him just before he started working at the Lyell Centre , and has taken their daughter with her . Other characters ( edit ) Dr. Trevor Stewart ( William Armstrong ) -- Series 1 -- 3 . As well as being a pathologist in his own right , Trevor was Sam 's business partner , owning half of the morgue and its facilities . Trevor decided to stay in Cambridge with his friends and family when Sam accepted the professorship position at a university in London and moved away at the end of series three . Dr. Fred Dale ( Sam Parks ) -- Series 1 -- 3 . Fred was Sam 's main assistant during post mortems and on visits to crime scenes , often identifying DNA samples at the scene of the crime , and linking them to those responsible . He was also notable for not having many speaking lines , and regularly appearing without speaking . His fate at the end of series three was not revealed . Professor Janet Mander ( Jaye Griffiths ) -- Series 12 -- 15 . Janet is a psychological profiler who assists the police in cases of serial offences . She began a relationship with Leo in the episode `` Safe '' , and they lived together as partners until Leo ended the relationship in `` Redhill '' . She recurringly worked alongside the team to provide them with information in order to get an idea of the suspect they are looking for . Janet decided to move away from London after Leo ended their relationship . Dr. Charlie Gibbs ( Wunmi Mosaku ) -- Series 13 . A junior doctor and lab technician , who was appointed to work with the team by Professor Dalton . Dr. Zak Khan ( Arsher Ali ) -- Series 14 . A junior doctor who worked his forensic science apprenticeship with the team , to learn the ropes of the profession . Wyn Ryan ( Ruth McCabe ) -- Series 1 -- 3 . Professor Ryan 's sister , who , after coming over to visit her from her home in Ireland , ended up living with her on a permanent basis . Ricky Ryan ( Matthew Steer ) -- Series 1 . Wyn 's son and Sam 's nephew , who regularly got into trouble and was expelled from school for very poor behaviour . Rosemary Mason ( Jane Hazlegrove ) -- Series 6 -- 7 . The main receptionist at the Lyell Centre , before the change in focus from university department to purely commercial pathology . Police ( edit ) Superintendent Helen Farmer ( Clare Higgins ) -- Series 1 . A superintendent , and Tom Adams ' boss and mentor , who accompanied him on investigating several cases during his time in the force . Detective Chief Inspector Tom Adams ( John McGlynn ) -- Series 1 . An investigator with the Cambridgeshire police force , who had an affair with Kerry Cox , before her death . Detective Constable Kerry Cox ( Ruth Gemmell ) -- Series 1 . A junior trainee detective who had an affair with Tom Adams , but was later killed in a freak accident in a hospital basement . Detective Constable Marcia Evans ( Janice Acquah ) -- Series 1 . A fellow junior trainee detective for the Cambridgeshire police force , who resigned after Kerry Cox 's death . Superintendent Peter Ross ( Mick Ford ) -- Series 2 . A superintendent , and an ex-boyfriend of Sam 's , who believed in a strong relationship between the police and the pathology lab . Detective Chief Inspector Rachel Selway ( Nicola Redmond ) -- Series 2 . Tom Adams ' replacement , following his resignation from the force . She joined the team alongside junior sergeant Tony Speed . Detective Sergeant Tony Speed ( Richard Huw ) -- Series 2 . A junior sergeant , who joined the team alongside his superior officer , Rachel Selway . He knew Peter Ross from a previous posting . Detective Chief Inspector Michael Connor ( Nick Reding ) -- Series 3 -- 4 . A detective chief inspector , and old friend of Sam 's , whom she met during her junior years at university . Detective Sergeant Rob Bradley ( Mark Letheren ) -- Series 3 . A detective sergeant , who as Connor 's junior officer , accompanied him with the investigating in the cases which he was assigned to . Novels ( edit ) During the early years of the show , series creator McCrery wrote and published a number of tie - in novels relating to the series , following Sam Ryan ( Amanda Burton ) and Trevor Stewart ( William Armstrong ) , as well as former main character Superintendent Tom Adams ( John McGlynn ) , and brand new character DS Stanley Sharman , with Burton generally appearing on the front cover of each novel . The fifth novel , due to be published in 2003 , was placed on indefinite hold , and has never been released . Title No . Publication Date `` A Case for the Defence '' 9 September 1996 Walking home from a night out , Sam stumbles upon the remains of a mutilated body on a footpath in the Northwick graveyard . Evidence suggests that the killing may be linked to a particularly ritualistic form of the black arts , but Sam is unconvinced as the murder bears an uncanny resemblance to another murder committed in the same town many years ago . When a second body is discovered , Sam 's evidence is called into question , and is used to create the information that the police need to solve the case , before the killer strikes again . As Sam and Trevor uncover information surrounding the circumstances of the murders , elements that once seemed like coincidences soon appear to belong to a more horrific plan . `` Strange Screams of Death '' 3 August 1998 Sam is tasked with investigating the circumstances surrounding the death of a woman whose body is discovered in a disused shed at a former American airbase on the outskirts of Cambridge . The post mortem reveals that she had been violently raped , before being tortured , and viciously murdered . When a second body is discovered in similar circumstances , Sam finds herself dealing with a serial killer , who has the hunger to slaughter again . Can her profile of information find the identity of the killer before it is too late ? Meanwhile , as Tom Adams closes in on his prime suspect , Sam discovers that he may not be working alone , and a search is launched to find the accomplice of a dangerous criminal . `` The Spider 's Web '' 2 August 1999 Sam is asked to perform a second autopsy on a teenage boy who was killed in a tragic joyriding accident , when despite his parents ' protests , the results of the autopsy seem clear -- he died of multiple injuries consistent with a high - speed car crash . However , as Trevor performed the post mortem , Sam is reluctant to go up against her friend and colleague , in an attempt to find the answers that the family are looking for . However , reading Trevor 's post mortem report prompts Sam to go ahead with the second autopsy , and her findings seem to suggest that the accident may have been no such thing . But neither Trevor nor Superintendent Tom Adams accepts her findings , and believe that she is reading between the lines . `` Faceless Strangers '' 3 September 2001 When the wife and beau of a local member of parliament is found dead in her own home , Superintendent Tom Adams calls upon Sam and the entire resources of the Cambridge Constabulary , in an attempt to further his career , and solve the case as quickly as possible . However , his investigation is halted by the discovery of the decomposed body of a homeless drug addict in the local underground toilet block . When Adams dismisses the death as an open and shut case , one of his juniors , DS Stanley Sharman , decides to enlist Sam 's help , to discover the identity of the dead woman -- and discover just who is responsible for her death . Meanwhile , Adams is determined to crack his case . `` In Search of Evil '' 5 3 November 2003 When the body of elderly widow Violet Thorpe is discovered beneath the floor of her own cellar , Sam quickly establishes that she had been poisoned , and died more than a year prior to the discovery of her body . Meanwhile , the victim 's contact with an old friend living in Brighton , appears to be a vital piece of evdidence in discovering who is responsible for her murder . When Sam and DS Stanley Sharman visit the address of the old friend in Brighton , they find themselves on a bizarre trail of a mentally deranged killer , who appears to be travelling up and down the country in search of lonely old ladies to kill , and Sam finds herself in a race to discover the identity of one of the country 's most prolific serial killers . See also ( edit ) The use of forensic pathology in the investigation of crime has been the central theme of several TV mystery - suspense dramas , including : Wojeck , Canada ( CBC ) , 1966 Quincy , M.E. , US ( NBC ) , 1976 Da Vinci 's Inquest , Canada ( CBC ) , 1998 Waking the Dead , UK ( BBC ) , 2000 CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , US ( CBS ) , 2000 Crossing Jordan , US ( NBC ) , 2001 CSI : Miami , US ( CBS ) , 2002 CSI : NY , US ( CBS ) , 2004 Bones , US ( Fox ) , 2005 RIS Delitti Imperfetti , Italy ( Canale 5 ) , 2005 R.I.S , police scientifique , France ( TF1 ) , 2006 Post Mortem , Germany ( RTL ) , 2007 Rizzoli & Isles , US ( TNT ) , 2010 Body of Proof , US ( ABC ) , 2011 References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Silent Witness entry at TV.com Jump up ^ `` BBC - Silent Witness - Media Centre '' . Jump up ^ `` Silent Witness '' . ABC Television . Jump up ^ tvnz.co.nz/silent-witness/show-432523 Jump up ^ `` Drama '' . Jump up ^ Liz Jaques . `` TV Overnight Ratings ; Retrieved 25 January 2011 '' . MediaTel . Retrieved 2014 - 07 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` NRK TV -- Tause vitner '' . NRK TV . Jump up ^ `` Tyst vittne -- tv4.se '' . Jump up ^ `` Silent Witness release info '' . IMDb . IMDb . Retrieved 18 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` John Harle '' . musicsalesclassical.com . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . Jump up ^ `` John Harle -- Discography '' . johnharle.com . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Fall and Silent Witness criticised for ' voyeuristic ' misogyny by writer Lucinda Coxon '' . 23 August 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Complaints -- Silent Witness , upsetting scenes , BBC One 22 and 23 April 2012 '' . BBC . Retrieved 2014 - 07 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` Arsher Ali '' . Retrieved 9 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` In Search of Evil ( Silent Witness ) : Amazon.co.uk : Mccrery Nigel : Books '' . Amazon.co.uk . Retrieved 2014 - 07 - 21 . External links ( edit ) Silent Witness at BBC Programmes Silent Witness on IMDb Silent Witness at TV.com Silent Witness at epguides.com Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silent_Witness&oldid=834305269 '' Categories : 1996 British television programme debuts 1990s British crime drama television series 1990s British mystery television series 2000s British crime drama television series 2000s British mystery television series 2010s British crime drama television series 2010s British mystery television series BBC crime television programmes BBC high definition programmes BBC television dramas Edgar Award - winning works English - language television programs Television shows about death Television shows set in the United Kingdom Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from January 2014 Use British English from January 2014 Pages using deprecated image syntax Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano עברית Nederlands Norsk Polski Русский Slovenčina Suomi Svenska 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 5 April 2018 , at 00 : 26 . 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Question: how did leo dalton die in silent witness


Public sector - wikipedia Public sector Jump to : navigation , search Economic sectors Three - sector theory Primary sector : raw materials Secondary sector : manufacturing Tertiary sector : services Additional sectors Quaternary sector : information services Quinary sector : human services Theorists AGB Fisher Colin Clark Jean Fourastié Sectors by ownership Business sector Private sector Public sector Voluntary sector The public sector ( also called the state sector ) is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises . Public services include public goods and governmental services such as the military , police , infrastructure ( public roads , bridges , tunnels , water supply , sewers , electrical grids , telecommunications , etc . ) , public transit , public education , along with health care and those working for the government itself , such as elected officials . The public sector might provide services that a non-payer can not be excluded from ( such as street lighting ) , services which benefit all of society rather than just the individual who uses the service . Public enterprises , or state - owned enterprises , are self - financing commercial enterprises that are under public ownership which provide various private goods and services for sale and usually operate on a commercial basis . Organizations that are not part of the public sector are either a part of the private sector or voluntary sector . The private sector is composed of the business sector , which is intended to earn a profit for the owners of the enterprise . The voluntary , civic or social sector concerns a diverse array of non-profit organizations emphasizing civil society . Contents ( hide ) 1 Organization 2 See also 3 References 3.1 Citations 3.2 Sources Organization ( edit ) The organization of the public sector can take several forms , including : Direct administration funded through taxation ; the delivering organization generally has no specific requirement to meet commercial success criteria , and production decisions are determined by government . State - owned enterprises ; which differ from direct administration in that they have greater management autonomy and operate according to commercial criteria , and production decisions are not generally taken by a government ( although goals may be set for them by government ) . Levels of Public sector are organized at three levels : Federal or National , Regional ( State or Provincial ) , and Local ( Municipal or County ) . Partial outsourcing ( of the scale many businesses do , e.g. for IT services ) is considered a public sector model . A borderline form is as follows : Complete outsourcing or contracting out , with a privately owned corporation delivering the entire service on behalf of government . This may be considered a mixture of private sector operations with public ownership of assets , although in some forms the private sector 's control and / or risk is so great that the service may no longer be considered part of the public sector ( Barlow et al. , 2010 ) . ( See the United Kingdom 's Private Finance Initiative . ) Public employee unions represent workers . Since contract negotiations for these workers are dependent on the size of government budgets , this is the one segment of the labor movement that can actually contribute directly to the people with ultimate responsibility for its livelihood . While their giving pattern matches that of other unions , public sector unions also concentrate contributions on members of Congress from both parties who sit on committees that deal with federal budgets and agencies . See also ( edit ) Economics portal Civil service Government agency Nationalization Political economy Privatization Public economics Public ownership Public sector business cases for projects Special - purpose district State - owned enterprise References ( edit ) Citations ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` public sector '' . Investorwords , WebFinance , Inc. 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The Center for Responsive Politics . '' OpenSecrets.org . Center for Responsive Politics , 16 May 2017 . Web . 11 June 2017 . Sources ( edit ) Barlow , J. Roehrich , J.K. and Wright , S. ( 2010 ) . De facto privatisation or a renewed role for the EU ? Paying for Europe 's healthcare infrastructure in a recession . Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine . 103 : 51 - 55 . Lloyd G. Nigro , Decision Making in the Public Sector ( 1984 ) , Marcel Dekker Inc . David G. Carnevale , Organizational Development in the Public Sector ( 2002 ) , Westview Pr . Jan - Erik Lane , The Public Sector : Concepts , Models and Approaches ( 1995 ) , Sage Pubns . A Primer on Public - Private Partnerships http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2008/02/a-primer-on-pub.html#more What is the Public Sector ? Definition & Examples. ( 2016 , June & july ) . Retrieved June 10 , 2017 , from http://www.privacysense.net/terms/public-sector/ ( hide ) Civil service Concepts Public sector Government agency Bureaucracy Bureaucrat Technocracy Diplomat Public administration Public policy Public service By country Australia Bangladesh Brazil Canada China European Union France Germany Hong Kong India Ireland Italy Japan Malaysia New Zealand Nigeria Northern Ireland Pakistan Russia Singapore Sri Lanka United Kingdom United States Categories National civil service commissions Government occupations Civil service by country See also : Civil service reform in developing countries Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_sector&oldid=831154472 '' Categories : Public sector Government Public economics Economic sectors Libertarian theory Talk Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu Беларуская Български Català Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Livvinkarjala مصرى Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenščina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Tagalog Türkçe Українська 24 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 March 2018 , at 01 : 37 . 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Question: public companies are part of what economic sector