Dust Bowl - Wikipedia Dust Bowl Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Dust Bowl ( disambiguation ) . Map of states and counties affected by the Dust Bowl between 1935 and 1938 originally prepared by the Soil Conservation Service . The most severely affected counties are colored . A farmer and his two sons during a dust storm in Cimarron County , Oklahoma , April 1936 . Iconic photo taken by Arthur Rothstein . The Dust Bowl , also known as the Dirty Thirties , was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s ; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion ( the Aeolian processes ) caused the phenomenon . The drought came in three waves , 1934 , 1936 , and 1939 -- 1940 , but some regions of the high plains experienced drought conditions for as many as eight years . With insufficient understanding of the ecology of the plains , farmers had conducted extensive deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains during the previous decade ; this had displaced the native , deep - rooted grasses that normally trapped soil and moisture even during periods of drought and high winds . The rapid mechanization of farm equipment , especially small gasoline tractors , and widespread use of the combine harvester contributed to farmers ' decisions to convert arid grassland ( much of which received no more than 10 inches ( 250 mm ) of precipitation per year ) to cultivated cropland . During the drought of the 1930s , the unanchored soil turned to dust , which the prevailing winds blew away in huge clouds that sometimes blackened the sky . These choking billows of dust -- named `` black blizzards '' or `` black rollers '' -- traveled cross country , reaching as far as the East Coast and striking such cities as New York City and Washington , D.C. On the Plains , they often reduced visibility to 1 meter ( 3.3 ft ) or less . Associated Press reporter Robert E. Geiger happened to be in Boise City , Oklahoma , to witness the `` Black Sunday '' black blizzards of April 14 , 1935 ; Edward Stanley , Kansas City news editor of the Associated Press coined the term `` Dust Bowl '' while rewriting Geiger 's news story . While the term `` the Dust Bowl '' was originally a reference to the geographical area affected by the dust , today it is usually used to refer to the event , as in `` It was during the Dust Bowl '' . The drought and erosion of the Dust Bowl affected 100,000,000 acres ( 400,000 km ) that centered on the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma and touched adjacent sections of New Mexico , Colorado , and Kansas . The Dust Bowl forced tens of thousands of families to abandon their farms . Many of these families , who were often known as `` Okies '' because so many of them came from Oklahoma , migrated to California and other states to find that the Great Depression had rendered economic conditions there little better than those they had left . The Dust Bowl has been the subject of many cultural works , notably the novel The Grapes of Wrath ( 1939 ) by John Steinbeck , the folk music of Woody Guthrie , and photographs depicting the conditions of migrants by Dorothea Lange . Contents ( hide ) 1 Geographic characteristics and early history 2 Drought and dust storms 3 Human displacement 3.1 U.S. 3.2 Characteristics of migrants 4 U.S. government response 5 Long - term economic impact 6 Influence on the arts and culture 7 Aggregate changes in agriculture and population on the Plains 8 See also 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 External links Geographic characteristics and early History A dust storm approaches Stratford , Texas , in 1935 . The Dust Bowl area lies principally west of the 100th meridian on the High Plains , characterized by plains which vary from rolling in the north to flat in the Llano Estacado . Elevation ranges from 2,500 feet ( 760 m ) in the east to 6,000 feet ( 1,800 m ) at the base of the Rocky Mountains . The area is semiarid , receiving less than 20 inches ( 510 mm ) of rain annually ; this rainfall supports the shortgrass prairie biome originally present in the area . The region is also prone to extended drought , alternating with unusual wetness of equivalent duration . During wet years , the rich soil provides bountiful agricultural output , but crops fail during dry years . The region is also subject to high winds . During early European and American exploration of the Great Plains , this region was thought unsuitable for European - style agriculture ; explorers called it the Great American Desert . The lack of surface water and timber made the region less attractive than other areas for pioneer settlement and agriculture . The federal government encouraged settlement and development of the Plains for agriculture via the Homestead Act of 1862 , offering settlers 160 - acre ( 65 ha ) plots . With the end of the Civil War in 1865 and the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 , waves of new migrants and immigrants reached the Great Plains , and they greatly increased the acreage under cultivation . An unusually wet period in the Great Plains mistakenly led settlers and the federal government to believe that `` rain follows the plow '' ( a popular phrase among real estate promoters ) and that the climate of the region had changed permanently . While initial agricultural endeavors were primarily cattle ranching , the adverse effect of harsh winters on the cattle , beginning in 1886 , a short drought in 1890 , and general overgrazing , led many landowners to increase the amount of land under cultivation . Recognizing the challenge of cultivating marginal arid land , the United States government expanded on the 160 acres ( 65 ha ) offered under the Homestead Act -- granting 640 acres ( 260 ha ) to homesteaders in western Nebraska under the Kinkaid Act ( 1904 ) and 320 acres ( 130 ha ) elsewhere in the Great Plains under the Enlarged Homestead Act ( 1909 ) . Waves of European settlers arrived in the plains at the beginning of the 20th century . A return of unusually wet weather seemingly confirmed a previously held opinion that the `` formerly '' semiarid area could support large - scale agriculture . At the same time , technological improvements such as mechanized plowing and mechanized harvesting made it possible to operate larger properties without high labor costs . The combined effects of the disruption of the Russian Revolution , which decreased the supply of wheat and other commodity crops , and World War I increased agricultural prices ; this demand encouraged farmers to dramatically increase cultivation . For example , in the Llano Estacado of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas , the area of farmland was doubled between 1900 and 1920 , then tripled again between 1925 and 1930 . The agricultural methods favored by farmers during this period created the conditions for large - scale erosion under certain environmental conditions . The widespread conversion of the land by deep plowing and other soil preparation methods to enable agriculture eliminated the native grasses which held the soil in place and helped retain moisture during dry periods . Furthermore , cotton farmers left fields bare during winter months , when winds in the High Plains are highest , and burned the stubble as a means to control weeds prior to planting , thereby depriving the soil of organic nutrients and surface vegetation . Drought and Dust storms A dust storm ; Spearman , Texas , April 14 , 1935 `` Heavy black clouds of dust rising over the Texas Panhandle , Texas '' , c. 1936 . After fairly favourable climatic conditions in the 1920s with good rainfall and relatively moderate winters , which permitted increased settlement and cultivation in the Great Plains , the region entered an unusually dry era in the summer of 1930 . During the next decade , the northern plains suffered four of their seven driest calendar years since 1895 , Kansas four of its twelve driest , and the entire region south to West Texas lacked any period of above - normal rainfall until record rains hit in 1941 . When severe drought struck the Great Plains region in the 1930s , it resulted in erosion and loss of topsoil because of farming practices at the time . The drought dried the topsoil and over time it became friable , reduced to a powdery consistency in some places . Without the indigenous grasses in place , the high winds that occur on the plains picked up the topsoil and created the massive dust storms that marked the Dust Bowl period . The persistent dry weather caused crops to fail , leaving the plowed fields exposed to wind erosion . The fine soil of the Great Plains was easily eroded and carried east by strong continental winds . On November 11 , 1933 , a very strong dust storm stripped topsoil from desiccated South Dakota farmlands in just one of a series of severe dust storms that year . Beginning on May 9 , 1934 , a strong , two - day dust storm removed massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst such storms of the Dust Bowl . The dust clouds blew all the way to Chicago , where they deposited 12 million pounds of dust . Two days later , the same storm reached cities to the east , such as Cleveland , Buffalo , Boston , New York City , and Washington , D.C. That winter ( 1934 -- 1935 ) , red snow fell on New England . On April 14 , 1935 , known as `` Black Sunday '' , 20 of the worst `` black blizzards '' occurred across the entire sweep of the Great Plains , from Canada south to Texas . The dust storms caused extensive damage and turned the day to night ; witnesses reported that they could not see five feet in front of them at certain points . Denver - based Associated Press reporter Robert E. Geiger happened to be in Boise City , Oklahoma that day . His story about Black Sunday marked the first appearance of the term Dust Bowl ; it was coined by Edward Stanley , Kansas City news editor of the Associated Press , while rewriting Geiger 's news story . Spearman and Hansford County have been literaly ( sic ) in a cloud of dust for the past week . Ever since Friday of last week , there has n't been a day pass but what the county was beseieged ( sic ) with a blast of wind and dirt . On rare occasions when the wind did subside for a period of hours , the air has been so filled with dust that the town appeared to be overhung by a fog cloud . Because of this long seige of dust and every building being filled with it , the air has become stifling to breathe and many people have developed sore throats and dust colds as a result . '' -- Spearman Reporter , 21 March 1935 Much of the farmland was eroded in the aftermath of the Dust Bowl . In 1941 , a Kansas agricultural experiment station released a bulletin that suggested reestablishing native grasses by the `` hay method '' . Developed in 1937 to speed up the process and increase returns from pasture , the `` hay method '' was originally supposed to occur in Kansas naturally over 25 -- 40 years . After much data analysis , the causal mechanism for the droughts can be linked to ocean temperature anomalies . Specifically , Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures appear to have had an indirect effect on the general atmospheric circulation , while Pacific sea surface temperatures seem to have had the most direct influence . Human displacement This catastrophe intensified the economic impact of the Great Depression in the region . Us Buried machinery in a barn lot ; Dallas , South Dakota , May 1936 In 1935 , many families were forced to leave their farms and travel to other areas seeking work because of the drought ( which at that time had already lasted four years ) . Dust Bowl conditions fomented an exodus of the displaced from Texas , Oklahoma , and the surrounding Great Plains to adjacent regions . More than 500,000 Americans were left homeless . Over 350 houses had to be torn down after one storm alone . The severe drought and dust storms had left many homeless , others had their mortgages foreclosed by banks , and others felt they had no choice but to abandon their farms in search of work . Many Americans migrated west looking for work . Parents packed up `` jalopies '' with their families and a few personal belongings , and headed west in search of work . Some residents of the Plains , especially in Kansas and Oklahoma , fell ill and died of dust pneumonia or malnutrition . `` Broke , baby sick , and car trouble ! '' - Dorothea Lange 's 1937 photo of a Missouri migrant family 's jalopy stuck near Tracy , California . The Dust Bowl exodus was the largest migration in American history within a short period of time . Between 1930 and 1940 , approximately 3.5 million people moved out of the Plains states ; of those , it is unknown how many moved to California . In just over a year , over 86,000 people migrated to California . This number is more than the number of migrants to that area during the 1849 Gold Rush . Migrants abandoned farms in Oklahoma , Arkansas , Missouri , Iowa , Nebraska , Kansas , Texas , Colorado , and New Mexico , but were often generally referred to as `` Okies '' , `` Arkies '' , or `` Texies '' . Terms such as `` Okies '' and `` Arkies '' came to be known in the 1930s as the standard terms for those who had lost everything and were struggling the most during the Great Depression . Not all migrants traveled long distances ; some simply went to the next town or county . So many families left their farms and were on the move that the proportion between migrants and residents was nearly equal in the Great Plains states . Characteristics of migrants A migratory family from Texas living in a trailer in an Arizona cotton field Historian James N. Gregory examined Census Bureau statistics and other records to learn more about the migrants . Based on a 1939 survey of occupation by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics of about 116,000 families who arrived in California in the 1930s , he learned that only 43 percent of southwesterners were doing farm work immediately before they migrated . Nearly one - third of all migrants were professional or white - collar workers . The poor economy displaced more than just farmers as refugees to California ; many teachers , lawyers , and small business owners moved west with their families during this time . After the Great Depression ended , some moved back to their original states . Many others remained where they had resettled . About one - eighth of California 's population is of Okie heritage . Us government response The greatly expanded participation of government in land management and soil conservation was an important outcome from the disaster . Different groups took many different approaches to responding to the disaster . To identify areas that needed attention , groups such as the Soil Conservation Service generated detailed soil maps and took photos of the land from the sky . To create shelterbelts to reduce soil erosion , groups such as the United States Forestry Service 's Prairie States Forestry Project planted trees on private lands . Finally , groups like the Resettlement Administration , which later became the Farm Security Administration , encouraged small farm owners to resettle on other lands , if they lived in dryer parts of the Plains . During President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's first 100 days in office in 1933 , his administration quickly initiated programs to conserve soil and restore the ecological balance of the nation . Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes established the Soil Erosion Service in August 1933 under Hugh Hammond Bennett . In 1935 , it was transferred and reorganized under the Department of Agriculture and renamed the Soil Conservation Service . It is now known as the Natural Resources Conservation Service ( NRCS ) . As part of New Deal programs , Congress passed the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act in 1936 , requiring landowners to share the allocated government subsidies with the laborers who worked on their farms . Under the law , `` benefit payments were continued as measures for production control and income support , but they were now financed by direct Congressional appropriations and justified as soil conservation measures . The Act shifted the parity goal from price equality of agricultural commodities and the articles that farmers buy to income equality of farm and non-farm population . '' Thus , the parity goal was to re-create the ratio between the purchasing power of the net income per person on farms from agriculture and that of the income of persons not on farms that prevailed during 1909 -- 1914 . To stabilize prices , the government paid farmers and ordered more than six million pigs to be slaughtered . It paid to have the meat packed and distributed to the poor and hungry . The Federal Surplus Relief Corporation ( FSRC ) was established to regulate crop and other surpluses . FDR in an address on the AAA commented , Let me make one other point clear for the benefit of the millions in cities who have to buy meats . Last year the Nation suffered a drought of unparalleled intensity . If there had been no Government program , if the old order had obtained in 1933 and 1934 , that drought on the cattle ranges of America and in the corn belt would have resulted in the marketing of thin cattle , immature hogs and the death of these animals on the range and on the farm , and if the old order had been in effect those years , we would have had a vastly greater shortage than we face today . Our program -- we can prove it -- saved the lives of millions of head of livestock . They are still on the range , and other millions of heads are today canned and ready for this country to eat . '' The FSRC diverted agricultural commodities to relief organizations . Apples , beans , canned beef , flour and pork products were distributed through local relief channels . Cotton goods were later included , to clothe the needy . In 1935 , the federal government formed a Drought Relief Service ( DRS ) to coordinate relief activities . The DRS bought cattle in counties which were designated emergency areas , for $14 to $20 a head . Animals determined unfit for human consumption were killed ; at the beginning of the program , more than 50 percent were so designated in emergency areas . The DRS assigned the remaining cattle to the Federal Surplus Relief Corporation ( FSRC ) to be used in food distribution to families nationwide . Although it was difficult for farmers to give up their herds , the cattle slaughter program helped many of them avoid bankruptcy . `` The government cattle buying program was a blessing to many farmers , as they could not afford to keep their cattle , and the government paid a better price than they could obtain in local markets . '' President Roosevelt ordered the Civilian Conservation Corps to plant a huge belt of more than 200 million trees from Canada to Abilene , Texas to break the wind , hold water in the soil , and hold the soil itself in place . The administration also began to educate farmers on soil conservation and anti-erosion techniques , including crop rotation , strip farming , contour plowing , terracing , and other improved farming practices . In 1937 , the federal government began an aggressive campaign to encourage farmers in the Dust Bowl to adopt planting and plowing methods that conserved the soil . The government paid reluctant farmers a dollar an acre to practice the new methods . By 1938 , the massive conservation effort had reduced the amount of blowing soil by 65 % . The land still failed to yield a decent living . In the fall of 1939 , after nearly a decade of dirt and dust , the drought ended when regular rainfall finally returned to the region . The government still encouraged continuing the use of conservation methods to protect the soil and ecology of the Plains . At the end of the drought , the programs which were implemented during these tough times helped to sustain a positive relationship between America 's farmers and the federal government . The President 's Drought Committee issued a report in 1935 covering the government 's assistance to agriculture during 1934 through mid-1935 : it discussed conditions , measures of relief , organization , finances , operations , and results of the government 's assistance . Numerous exhibits are included in this report . Long - term economic Impact In many regions , more than 75 % of the topsoil was blown away by the end of the 1930s . Land degradation varied widely . Aside from the short - term economic consequences caused by erosion , there were severe long - term economic consequences caused by the Dust Bowl . By 1940 , counties that had experienced the most significant levels of erosion had a greater decline in agricultural land values . The per - acre value of farmland declined by 28 % in high - erosion counties and 17 % in medium - erosion counties , relative to land value changes in low - erosion counties . Even over the long - term , the agricultural value of the land often failed to recover to pre-Dust Bowl levels . In highly eroded areas , less than 25 % of the original agricultural losses were recovered . The economy adjusted predominantly through large relative population declines in more - eroded counties , both during the 1930s and through the 1950s . The economic effects persisted , in part , because of farmers ' failure to switch to more appropriate crops for highly eroded areas . Because the amount of topsoil had been reduced , it would have been more productive to shift from crops and wheat to animals and hay . During the Depression and through at least the 1950s , there was limited relative adjustment of farmland away from activities that became less productive in more - eroded counties . Some of the failure to shift to more productive agricultural products may be related to ignorance about the benefits of changing land use . A second explanation is a lack of availability of credit , caused by the high rate of failure of banks in the Plains states . Because banks failed in the Dust Bowl region at a higher rate than elsewhere , farmers could not get the credit they needed to buy capital to shift crop production . In addition , profit margins in either animals or hay were still minimal , and farmers had little incentive in the beginning to change their crops . Patrick Allitt recounts how fellow historian Donald Worster responded to his return visit to the Dust Bowl in the mid-1970s when he revisited some of the worst afflicted counties : Capital - intensive agribusiness had transformed the scene ; deep wells into the aquifer , intensive irrigation , the use of artificial pesticides and fertilizers , and giant harvesters were creating immense crops year after year whether it rained or not . According to the farmers he interviewed , technology had provided the perfect answer to old troubles , such of the bad days would not return . In Worster 's view , by contrast , the scene demonstrated that America 's capitalist high - tech farmers had learned nothing . They were continuing to work in an unsustainable way , devoting far cheaper subsidized energy to growing food than the energy could give back to its ultimate consumers . In contrast with Worster 's pessimism , historian Mathew Bonnifield argued that the long - term significance of the Dust Bowl was `` the triumph of the human spirit in its capacity to endure and overcome hardships and reverses . '' Influence on the arts and culture Florence Owens Thompson seen in the photo Destitute Pea Pickers in California . Mother of Seven Children . by Dorothea Lange The crisis was documented by photographers , musicians , and authors , many hired during the Great Depression by the federal government . For instance , the Farm Security Administration hired numerous photographers to document the crisis . Artists such as Dorothea Lange were aided by having salaried work during the Depression . She captured what have become classic images of the dust storms and migrant families . Among her most well - known photographs is Destitute Pea Pickers in California . Mother of Seven Children , which depicted a gaunt - looking woman , Florence Owens Thompson , holding three of her children . This picture expressed the struggles of people caught by the Dust Bowl and raised awareness in other parts of the country of its reach and human cost . Decades later , Thompson disliked the boundless circulation of the photo and resented the fact she did not receive any money from its broadcast . Thompson felt it gave her the perception as a Dust Bowl `` Okie . '' The work of independent artists was also influenced by the crises of the Dust Bowl and the Depression . Author John Steinbeck , borrowing closely from field notes taken by Farm Security Administration worker and author Sanora Babb , wrote The Grapes of Wrath ( 1939 ) about migrant workers and farm families displaced by the Dust Bowl . Babb 's own novel about the lives of the migrant workers , Whose Names Are Unknown , was written in 1939 but was eclipsed and shelved in response to the success of the Steinbeck 's work , and was finally published in 2004 . Many of the songs of folk singer Woody Guthrie , such as those on his 1940 album Dust Bowl Ballads , are about his experiences in the Dust Bowl era during the Great Depression when he traveled with displaced farmers from Oklahoma to California and learned their traditional folk and blues songs , earning him the nickname the `` Dust Bowl Troubadour '' . Migrants also influenced musical culture wherever they went . Oklahoma migrants , in particular , were rural Southwesterners who carried their traditional country music to California . Today , the `` Bakersfield Sound '' describes this blend , which developed after the migrants brought country music to the city . Their new music inspired a proliferation of country dance halls as far south as Los Angeles . The 2014 science fiction film Interstellar features a ravaged 21st - century America which is again scoured by dust storms ( caused by a worldwide pathogen affecting all crops ) . Along with inspiration from the 1930s crisis , director Christopher Nolan features interviews from the 2012 documentary The Dust Bowl to draw further parallels . In 2017 , Americana recording artist Grant Maloy Smith released the album Dust Bowl -- American Stories , which was inspired by the history of the Dust Bowl . In a review , the music magazine No Depression wrote that the album 's lyrics and music are `` as potent as Woody Guthrie , as intense as John Trudell and dusted with the trials and tribulations of Tom Joad -- Steinbeck and The Grapes of Wrath . '' Aggregate changes in agriculture and population on the Plains The change in the total value of agricultural land and revenue was quite similar over the twentieth century . Agricultural land and revenue boomed during World War I , but fell during the Great Depression and the 1930s . The land and revenue began increasing again in 1940 , and has been increasing since then . From 1910 to the 1940s , total farmland increased and remained constant until 1970 when it slightly declined . During this time , total population increased steadily , but there was a slight dip in trend from 1930 to 1960 . See also U.S. Route 66 ( notable Dust Bowl migration route to California ) 1936 North American heat wave Great Plains Shelterbelt Ogallala Aquifer Notable documentaries The Dust Bowl ( 2012 documentary by Ken Burns ) The Plow That Broke the Plains ( 1936 documentary ) International Palliser 's Triangle ( semiarid area of Canada ) Goyder 's Line ( semiarid area of Australia ) General Desertification Monoculture Semi-arid climate Global warming References ^ Jump up to : `` Drought : A Paleo Perspective -- 20th Century Drought '' . National Climatic Data Center . 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Jump up ^ `` The Great Plains : from dust to dust '' . Planning Magazine . December 1987 . Archived from the original on October 6 , 2007 . Retrieved December 6 , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : Regions at Risk : a comparison of threatened environments . United Nations University Press . 1995 . Retrieved December 6 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Drought in the Dust Bowl Years . US : National Drought Mitigation Center . 2006 . Retrieved December 6 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Northern Rockies and Plains Average Temperature -- October to March '' . National Climatic Data Center . Retrieved September 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Northern Rockies and Plains Precipitation , 1895 -- 2013 '' . National Climatic Data Center . Retrieved September 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Kansas Precipitation 1895 to 2013 '' . National Climatic Data Center . Retrieved September 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Texas Climate Division 1 ( High Plains ) : Precipitation 1895 -- 2013 '' . National Climatic Data Center . Retrieved September 17 , 2014 . 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University of North Carolina Press . ISBN 0 - 8078 - 4689 - 9 . Jump up ^ Miller , Bill ( March 21 , 1935 ) . `` Nearly week seige of dust storm in county '' . Spearman Reporter . Spearman , Texas . Retrieved March 24 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Hornbeck , Richard ( December 2009 ) . `` The Enduring Impact of the American Dust Bowl : Short and Long - run Adjustments to Environmental Catastrophe '' ( PDF ) . US : National Bureau of Economic Research . Retrieved March 6 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : McLeman , Robert A ; Dupre , Juliette ; Berrang Ford , Lea ; Ford , James ; Gajewski , Konrad ; Marchildon , Gregory ( June 2014 ) . `` What we learned from the Dust Bowl : lessons in science , policy , and adaptation '' . Population and Environment. 35 ( 4 ) : 417 -- 440 . doi : 10.1007 / s11111 - 013 - 0190 - z . Jump up ^ A Cultural History of the United States -- The 1930s . San Diego , California : Lucent Books , Inc. , 1999 , p. 39 . ^ Jump up to : `` First Measured Century : Interview : James Gregory '' . PBS . Retrieved March 11 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Babb , Sanora , Dorothy Babb , and Douglas Wixson . On the Dirty Plate Trail . Edited by Douglas Wixson . Autin , Texas : University of Texas Press , 2007 , p. 20 . Jump up ^ A Cultural History ( 1999 ) , p. 19 ^ Jump up to : Worster , Donald ( 1979 ) . Dust Bowl : The Southern Plains in the 1930s . Oxford University Press . p. 49 . Jump up ^ Worster , Donald . Dust Bowl -- The Southern Plains in the 1930s , New York : Oxford University Press , 2004 , p. 50 Jump up ^ Worster ( 2004 ) , Dust Bowl , p. 45 , Jump up ^ Gregory , N. James . ( 1991 ) American Exodus : The Dust Bowl Migration and Okie Culture in California . Oxford University Press . Jump up ^ Babb , et al. ( 2007 ) , On the Dirty Plate Trail , p. 13 Jump up ^ Steiner , Frederick ( 2008 ) . The Living Landscape , Second Edition : An Ecological Approach to Landscape Planning , p. 188 . Island Press . ISBN 1 - 59726 - 396 - 6 . Jump up ^ Rau , Allan . Agricultural Policy and Trade Liberalization in the United States , 1934 -- 1956 ; a Study of Conflicting Policies . Genève : E. Droz , 1957 . p. 81 . Jump up ^ `` The American Experience / Surviving the Dust Bowl / Timeline '' . Jump up ^ Monthly Catalog , United States Public Documents , By United States Superintendent of Documents , United States Government Printing Office , Published by the G.P.O. , 1938 Jump up ^ Federal Writers ' Project . Texas . Writers ' Program ( Tex . ) : Writers ' Program Texas . p. 16 . Jump up ^ Buchanan , James Shannon . Chronicles of Oklahoma . Oklahoma Historical Society . p. 224 . Jump up ^ PBS Timeline of Dust Bowl Jump up ^ A Cultural History ( 1999 ) , p. 45 . Jump up ^ United States . Agricultural Adjustment Administration and Murphy , Philip G. , ( 1935 ) , Drought of 1934 : The Federal Government 's Assistance to Agriculture `` . Accessed October 15 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Hornbeck , Richard ( June 2012 ) . `` The Enduring Impact of the American Dust Bowl : Short - and Long - Run Adjustments to Environmental Catastrophe '' ( PDF ) . American Economic Review . 102 ( 4 ) . pp. 1477 -- 1507 . doi : 10.1257 / aer. 102.4. 1477 . Retrieved March 31 , 2016 -- via Harvard University , Department of Economics . Jump up ^ Landon - Lane , John ; Rockoff , Hugh ; Steckel , Richard ( 2009 ) . `` Droughts , Floods , and Financial Distress in the United States '' ( PDF ) . National Bureau of Economic Research . p. 6 . Retrieved March 1 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Patrick Allitt , A Climate of Crisis : America in the Age of Environmentalism ( 2014 ) p 203 Jump up ^ Allitt p 211 , paraphrasing William Cronin 's evaluation of Mathew Paul Bonnifield , Dust Bowl : Men , Dirt and Depression ( 1979 ) ^ Jump up to : `` Destitute Pea Pickers in California : Mother of Seven Children , Age Thirty - two , Nipomo , California . Migrant Mother '' . World Digital Library . Retrieved February 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ DuBois , Ellen Carol ; Dumenil , Lynn ( 2012 ) . Through Women 's Eyes ( Third ed . ) . Bedford / St. Martin 's . p. 583 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 312 - 67603 - 2 . Jump up ^ `` Whose Names Are Unknown : Sanora Babb '' . Harry Ransom Center . Retrieved December 22 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Dayton Duncan , preface by Ken Burns ( 2012 ) . `` Biographies : Sanora Babb '' . The Dust Bowl : An Illustrated History . PBS . Retrieved February 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Alarik , Scott . Robert Burns unplugged . The Boston Globe , August 7 , 2005 . Retrieved on December 5 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Rosenberg , Alyssa ( November 6 , 2014 ) . `` How Ken Burns ' surprise role in ' Interstellar ' explains the movie '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved November 8 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Smith , Hubble ( June 1 , 2017 ) . `` Kingman gets a mention on Dust Bowl album '' . Kingman Daily Miner . Retrieved June 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Apice , John ( May 22 , 2017 ) . `` Expressive Original Songs Steeped In the Dirt & Reality of the Dust Bowl - Depression Era '' . No Depression . Retrieved June 11 , 2017 . Bibliography Bonnifield , Mathew Paul . ( 1979 ) Dust Bowl : Men , Dirt and Depression Gregory , James Noble . American exodus : The dust bowl migration and Okie culture in California ( Oxford University Press , 1989 ) Lassieur , Allison. ( 2009 ) The Dust Bowl : An Interactive History Adventure Capstone Press , ISBN 1 - 4296 - 3455 - 3 Reis , Ronald A. ( 2008 ) The Dust Bowl Chelsea House ISBN 978 - 0 - 7910 - 9737 - 3 Sylvester , Kenneth M. , and Eric S.A. Rupley , `` Revising the Dust Bowl : High above the Kansas Grassland '' , Environmental History , 17 ( July 2012 ) , 603 -- 33 . Worster , Donald 2004 ( 1979 ) Dust Bowl : The Southern Plains in the 1930s ( 25 . anniversary ed ) Oxford University Press . ISBN 0 - 19 - 517489 - 5 Woody Guthrie , ( 1963 ) The ( Nearly ) Complete Collection of Woody Guthrie Folk Songs , Ludlow Music , New York . Alan Lomax , Woody Guthrie , Pete Seeger , ( 1967 ) Hard - Hitting Songs for Hard - Hit People , Oak Publications , New York . Timothy Egan ( 2006 ) The Worst Hard Time , Houghton Mifflin Company , New York , hardcover . ISBN 0 - 618 - 34697 - X . Katelan Janke , ( 1935 ) Survival in the Storm : The Dust Bowl Diary of Grace Edwards , Dalhart , Texas , Scholastic ( September 2002 ) . ISBN 0 - 439 - 21599 - 4 . Karen Hesse ( paperback January 1999 ) Out of the Dust , Scholastic Signature . New York First Edition , 1997 , hardcover . ISBN 0 - 590 - 37125 - 8 . Sanora Babb ( 2004 ) Whose Names Are Unknown , University of Oklahoma Press , ISBN 978 - 0 - 8061 - 3579 - 3 . Sweeney , Kevin Z . Prelude to the Dust Bowl : Drought in the Nineteenth - Century Southern Plains ( U of Oklahoma Press , 2016 ) xv , 283 pp . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dust Bowl . NASA Explains `` Dust Bowl '' Drought The Dust Bowl photo collection `` The Dust Bowl '' , a PBS television series by filmmaker Ken Burns The Dust Bowl ( EH.Net Encyclopedia ) Black Sunday , April 14 , 1935 , Dodge City , KS The Bibliography of Aeolian Research Surviving the Dust Bowl , Black Sunday ( April 14 , 1935 ) Voices from the Dust Bowl : The Charles L. Todd and Robert Sonkin Migrant Worker Collection , 1940 -- 1941 Library of Congress , American Folklife Center Online collection of archival sound recordings , photographs , and manuscripts YouTube Video : `` The Great Depression , Displaced Mountaineers in Shenandoah National Park , and the Civilian Conservation Corps ( C.C.C. ) '' Farming in the 1930s ( Wessels Living History Farm ) Out of the Dust ( The Modesto Bee ) Africa Data Dissemination Service , part of the Famine Early Warning Systems Network , U.S. Geological Service Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture -- Dust Bowl Oklahoma Digital Maps : Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory Dust Bowl Migration Archive at Sonoma State University Library Dust , Drought , and Dreams Gone Dry : Oklahoma Women in the Dust Bowl Oral History Project , Oklahoma Oral History Research Program Voices of Oklahoma interview with Frosty Troy . First person interview conducted on November 30 , 2011 with Frosty Troy talking about the Oklahoma Dust Bowl . Original audio and transcript archived with Voices of Oklahoma oral history project . Great Depression Topics Causes Wall Street Crash of 1929 Smoot - Hawley Tariff Act Dust Bowl New Deal Recession of 1937 -- 1938 Effects by area Australia Canada Chile Central Europe France Germany India Japan Latin America Netherlands South Africa United Kingdom United States Cities Commons History of Oklahoma Prior to 19th century Cooper Bison Kill ( 11th millennium BCE ) Spiro Mounds ( 9th -- 15th century CE ) 19th century Louisiana Purchase Arkansas Territory ( 1819 − 1824 ) Comanche -- Mexico Wars ( 1821 -- 1870s ) Cutthroat Gap Massacre ( 1833 ) Indian Removal Indian Territory ( 1834 -- 1907 ) Antelope Hills Expedition ( 1858 ) Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) Washita Massacre ( 1868 ) Oklahoma Territory ( 1890 -- 1907 ) Land runs ( 1890s ) 20th century State of Sequoyah ( 1905 ) State of Oklahoma ( 1907 ) Crazy Snake Rebellion ( 1909 ) Green Corn Rebellion ( 1917 ) Osage Indian murders ( 1920s ) Tulsa race riot ( 1921 ) Dust Bowl ( 1930s ) Red River Bridge War ( 1931 ) Oklahoma City bombing ( 1995 ) 21st century OU Bombing ( 2005 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&oldid=801829264 '' Categories : Dust Bowl Great Plains Great Depression in the United States 1930s in the United States 1930 in the United States Internal migrations in the United States History of agriculture in the United States History of the American West Environmental disasters in the United States History of the United States ( 1918 -- 45 ) Soil in the United States Droughts in the United States Agriculture in the United States Agriculture in Oklahoma Agriculture in Texas Agriculture in Canada 20th - century droughts 1930 natural disasters in the United States Natural disasters in Oklahoma 1930s natural disasters 1930s droughts Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2011 Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use mdy dates from March 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015 All Wikipedia articles needing clarification Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2016 All pages needing factual verification Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2016 Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Català Чӑвашла Čeština Deutsch Diné bizaad Español فارسی Français Gaeilge ગુજરાતી 한국어 हिन्दी Íslenska Italiano עברית Latina Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 22 September 2017 , at 03 : 37 . 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Question: what states were most affected by the dust bowl


Walk the Line - wikipedia Walk the Line Jump to : navigation , search For the song , see I Walk the Line . For other uses , see Walk the Line ( disambiguation ) . Walk the Line Theatrical release poster Directed by James Mangold Produced by James Keach Cathy Konrad Screenplay by Gill Dennis James Mangold Based on Man in Black : His Own Story in His Own Words and Cash : The Autobiography by Johnny Cash Starring Joaquin Phoenix Reese Witherspoon Ginnifer Goodwin Robert Patrick Dallas Roberts Music by T Bone Burnett Cinematography Phedon Papamichael Edited by Michael McCusker Production company Fox 2000 Pictures Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date September 4 , 2005 ( 2005 - 09 - 04 ) ( Telluride Film Festival ) November 18 , 2005 ( 2005 - 11 - 18 ) ( United States ) Running time 136 minutes ( theatrical cut ) 153 minutes ( extended cut ) Country United States Language English Budget $28 million Box office $186.4 million Walk the Line is a 2005 American biographical drama film directed by James Mangold . The screenplay , written by Mangold and Gill Dennis , is based on two autobiographies authored by singer - songwriter Johnny Cash -- Man in Black : His Own Story in His Own Words and Cash : The Autobiography . The film follows Cash 's early life , his romance with June Carter , and his ascent to the country music scene . It stars Joaquin Phoenix as Cash , Reese Witherspoon as Carter , Ginnifer Goodwin as Vivian Liberto , and Robert Patrick as Cash 's father . Walk the Line previewed at the Telluride Film Festival on September 4 , 2005 , and went into wide release on November 18 . The film was nominated for five Oscars at the 78th Academy Awards , including Best Actor ( Phoenix ) , Best Actress ( Witherspoon , which she won ) , and Best Costume Design ( Arianne Phillips ) . The film grossed more than $186 million worldwide . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Development and pre-production 4 Release 4.1 Box office 4.2 Reception 4.3 Accolades 5 Home media 6 Soundtrack 7 References 8 External links Plot ( edit ) In 1968 , as an audience of inmates at Folsom State Prison cheer for Johnny Cash 's band , he waits backstage near a table saw , reminding him of his early life . In 1944 , Johnny , then known as J.R. , is raised on a cotton farm in Dyess , Arkansas with his brother Jack , father Ray , and mother Carrie . J.R. is known for his singing of hymns , while his brother Jack trains himself to become a pastor . While Jack is sawing wood for a neighbor with a table saw , J.R. goes fishing until he is spotted and reprimanded by his father for wandering off . Both J.R. and Ray return home to see Jack dying after being severely injured by the saw in an accident . In 1950 , J.R. enlists in the Air Force as Johnny Cash , and is stationed in West Germany . He purchases a guitar , and in 1952 , finds solace in writing songs , one of which he develops as `` Folsom Prison Blues '' . After his discharge , Cash returns to the United States and marries his girlfriend , Vivian Liberto . The couple moves to Memphis , Tennessee , where Cash works as a door - to - door salesman to support his growing family . He walks past a recording studio , which inspires him to organize a band to play gospel music . Cash 's band auditions for Sam Phillips , the owner of Sun Records . After they play `` Folsom Prison Blues '' , the band receives a contract , and launch to stardom at the beginning of the rock and roll era . The band begins touring as Johnny Cash and the Tennessee Two . On tour , Johnny meets June Carter , with whom he falls in love . Cash begins spending more time with June , who divorces her first husband , Carl Smith . After his attempt to woo June fails , Cash starts abusing drugs and alcohol . After his behavior reaches a bottom during a performance with June , they separate . Later , over Vivian 's objections , Johnny persuades June to come out of semi-retirement , and tour with him . The tour is a success , but backstage , Vivian becomes critical of June 's influence . After one performance in Las Vegas , Johnny and June sleep together . The next morning , she notices Johnny taking pills , and doubts her choices . At that evening 's concert , Johnny , upset by June 's apparent rejection , behaves erratically , and eventually passes out on stage . June disposes of Johnny 's drugs , and begins to write `` Ring of Fire '' , describing her feelings for him and her pain at watching him descend into addiction . Returning to California , Cash travels to Mexico to purchase more drugs , and is arrested . Cash 's marriage to Vivian implodes ; the pair divorce and Cash moves to Nashville in 1966 . Trying to reconcile with June , Johnny purchases a large house near a lake in Hendersonville . His parents and the extended Carter family arrive for Thanksgiving , at which time Ray dismisses his son 's achievements and behavior . After the meal , June 's mother encourages her daughter to help Cash . He goes into detox and wakes with June ; she says they have been given a second chance . Though not married , the two begin spending most of their time with each other . Cash discovers that most of his fan mail is from prisoners , who are impressed with his outlaw image . He proposes to Columbia Records that he will record an album live inside Folsom Prison . Despite Columbia 's doubts , Cash says that he will perform , and his label can use the tapes if they wish . At the Folsom Prison concert , Cash says that he has been sympathetic to prisoners , explaining that his arrest for drug possession helped him to relate to them . With this success , Cash embarks on a tour with June and his band . On the bus , he stops to talk with June and proposes to her , but she turns him down . At the next concert , June says she will only speak with him on stage . Cash later performs `` Ring of Fire '' on stage . After the song , Cash invites June to a duet and stops in the middle , saying he can not sing `` Jackson '' any more unless June agrees to marry him . June accepts and they share a passionate embrace on stage . Cast ( edit ) Joaquin Phoenix as Johnny Cash Reese Witherspoon as June Carter Ginnifer Goodwin as Vivian Liberto , Johnny 's first wife Robert Patrick as Ray Cash , Johnny 's father Hailey Anne Nelson as Rosanne Cash , Johnny 's oldest daughter Dallas Roberts as Sam Phillips , the founder , owner , and producer of Sun Records Dan John Miller as Luther Perkins , Johnny 's first guitarist Johnny Holiday as Carl Perkins Larry Bagby as Marshall Grant , Johnny 's bassist Shelby Lynne as Carrie Cash , Johnny 's mother Sandra Ellis Lafferty as Maybelle Addington Carter , June 's mother Tyler Hilton as Elvis Presley Waylon Payne as Jerry Lee Lewis Shooter Jennings as Waylon Jennings , Johnny 's future bandmate Clay Steakley as Fluke Holland , Johnny 's drummer Johnathan Rice as Roy Orbison Lucas Till as Jack Cash , Johnny 's brother Ridge Canipe as young Johnny Cash James Keach as Folsom Prison Warden Development and pre-production ( edit ) The film has its origins in a 1993 episode of Dr. Quinn , Medicine Woman. , That year , Cash was a guest star on the show , where he and June Carter became friends with Jane Seymour , the star of the show , and Seymour 's husband James Keach who was directing the episode . By the mid-1990s , Cash had asked Keach to make a film of his life ; he and Seymour began the process with a series of interviews . In 1997 , the interviews had been the basis of a screenplay written by Gill Dennis , with input from Keach ; two years later , still lacking any studio interest , Keach contacted James Mangold , who had been `` angling to become involved in the project for two years . '' Mangold and his wife , producer Cathy Konrad , developed the script for Sony , and by 2001 , they had a script they thought they could pitch to a studio . Sony and others turned it down , but Fox 2000 agreed to make the film . The film was in part based on two autobiographies , both of which were optioned : Man in Black ( 1975 ) and Cash : The Autobiography ( 1997 ) , though the film `` burrows deep into painful territory that Mr. Cash barely explored . '' Phoenix met Cash months before hearing about the film . When Phoenix read the script , he felt there were at least ten other actors who would be better in the role . To prepare for her role as June Carter , Witherspoon watched several videos of the singer ; she also listened to her singing and telling stories to get her voice right . Release ( edit ) Box office ( edit ) Walk the Line was released on November 18 , 2005 , in 2,961 theaters , grossing $ 22.3 million on its opening weekend . It went on to earn $119.5 million in North America and $66.9 million in the rest of the world for a total of $186.4 million , well above its $28 million budget , making it a box office success . It was the all - time highest grossing music biopic until Straight Outta Compton surpassed it in 2015 . Reception ( edit ) Critics generally responded with positive reviews , garnering an 82 % on Rotten Tomatoes . The two lead performances received rave reviews , particularly Witherspoon 's , whose performance is described by critics as her best work to date . Roger Ebert praised Witherspoon for her `` boundless energy '' and predicted her to win the Academy Award for Best Actress . In her review for the Los Angeles Times , Carina Chocano wrote , `` Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon do first - rate work -- they sing , they twang , they play new - to - them instruments , they crackle with wit and charisma , and they give off so much sexual heat it 's a wonder they do n't burst into flames '' . A.O. Scott , in his review for The New York Times , had problems with Phoenix 's performance : `` Even though his singing voice does n't match the original - how could it ? - he is most convincing in concert , when his shoulders tighten and he cocks his head to one side . Otherwise , he seems stuck in the kind of off - the - rack psychological straitjacket in which Hollywood likes to confine troubled geniuses '' . In his review for Time , Richard Corliss wrote , `` A lot of credit for Phoenix 's performance has to go to Mangold , who has always been good at finding the bleak melodrama in taciturn souls ... If Mangold 's new movie has a problem , it 's that he and co-screenwriter Gill Dennis sometimes walk the lines of the inspirational biography too rigorously '' . Andrew Sarris , in his review for The New York Observer praised Witherspoon for her `` spine - tingling feistiness '' , and wrote , `` This feat has belatedly placed it ( in my mind , at least ) among a mere handful of more - than - Oscar - worthy performances this year '' . Entertainment Weekly gave the film a `` B + '' rating and Owen Gleiberman wrote , `` while Witherspoon , a fine singer herself , makes Carter immensely likable , a fountain of warmth and cheer , given how sweetly she meshes with Phoenix her romantic reticence is n't really filled in '' . Baltimore Sun reviewer Michael Sragow wrote , `` What Phoenix and Witherspoon accomplish in this movie is transcendent . They act with every bone and inch of flesh and facial plane , and each tone and waver of their voice . They do their own singing with a startling mastery of country music 's narrative musicianship '' . In his review for Sight and Sound , Mark Kermode wrote , `` Standing ovations , too , for Witherspoon , who has perhaps the tougher task of lending depth and darkness to the role of June , whose frighteningly chipper stage act - a musical - comedy hybrid - constantly courts ( but never marries ) mockery '' . Some critics found the film too constrained by Hollywood plot formulas of love and loss , ignoring the last twenty years of Cash 's life and other more socio - politically controversial reasons he was considered `` the man in black '' . Rosanne Cash was critical of the film . She was upset `` because it had the three most damaging events of ( her ) childhood : ( her ) parent 's divorce , ( her ) father 's drug addiction , and something else bad that ( she ) ca n't remember now '' . Furthermore , she said , `` The movie was painful . The three of them ( in the film ) were not recognizable to me as my parents in any way . But the scenes were recognizable , and the storyline , so the whole thing was fraught with sadness because they all had just died , and I had this resistance to seeing the screen version of my childhood '' . Accolades ( edit ) Main article : List of accolades received by Walk the Line Academy Awards 1 . Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Reese Witherspoon ) Golden Globe Awards 1 . Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy 2 . Best Actor in a Leading Role -- Musical or Comedy ( Joaquin Phoenix ) 3 . Best Actress in a Leading Role -- Musical or Comedy ( Reese Witherspoon ) BAFTA Awards 1 . Best Actress ( Reese Witherspoon ) 2 . Best Sound Witherspoon 's performance was repeatedly recognized , including an Academy Award for Best Actress and other awards such as : BAFTA Award as Best Actress Broadcast Film Critic Award as Best Actress Golden Globe Award as Best Actress -- Musical or Comedy National Society of Film Critics Award as Best Actress Online Film Critics Society award as Best Actress Satellite Award as Best Actress -- Musical or Comedy Screen Actors Guild Award as Best Actress Film critic Andrew Sarris ranked Walk the Line number seven in top films of 2005 and cited Reese Witherspoon as the best female performance of the year . Witherspoon was also voted Favorite Leading Lady at the 2006 People 's Choice Awards . David Ansen of Newsweek ranked Witherspoon as one of the five best actresses of 2005 . Home Media ( edit ) On February 28 , 2006 , a single - disc DVD and a two - disc collector edition DVD were released ; these editions sold three million copies on their first day of release . On March 25 , 2008 , a two - disc ' extended cut ' DVD was released for region one . The feature on disc one is 17 minutes longer than the theatrical release , and disc two features eight extended musical sequences with introductions and documentaries about the making of the film . The film has been released on Blu - ray Disc in France , Sweden and the UK in the form of its extended cut . The American Blu - ray features the shorter theatrical cut . Soundtrack ( edit ) Main article : Walk the Line ( soundtrack ) Wind - up Records released the soundtrack in November 2005 . It featured nine songs performed by Joaquin Phoenix , four songs by Reese Witherspoon , two songs by Tyler Hilton , and one song each by Waylon Payne , Johnathan Rice , and Shooter Jennings . The album received a Grammy at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for Motion Pictures , Television or Other Visual Media . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Walk the Line ( 2005 ) '' . Boxofficemojo.com . Retrieved 2012 - 04 - 14 . ^ Jump up to : Waxman , Sharon ( October 16 , 2005 ) . `` The Secrets That Lie Beyond the Ring of Fire '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 2015 - 02 - 10 . Jump up ^ `` Joaquin Phoenix Talks About ' Walk the Line ' '' . Retrieved November 17 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Reese Witherspoon Talks About ' Walk the Line ' '' . Retrieved November 17 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Walk the Line '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ Ebert , Roger ( November 18 , 2005 ) . `` Walk the Line '' . Chicago Sun - Times . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ Ebert , Roger ( February 18 , 2006 ) . `` Ebert 's Oscar Predictions ( 2006 ) '' . Chicago Sun - Times . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 22 . Jump up ^ Chocano , Carina ( November 18 , 2005 ) . `` Walk the Line '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on 2008 - 06 - 16 . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ Scott , A.O. ( November 18 , 2005 ) . `` The Man in Black , on Stage and Off '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ Corliss , Richard ( November 18 , 2005 ) . `` A Phoenix in the Ring of Fire '' . Time . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ Sarris , Andrew ( January 8 , 2006 ) . `` Funny , Fiftysomething Pierce Returns as The Matador '' . The New York Observer . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ Gleiberman , Owen ( November 16 , 2005 ) . `` Walk the Line '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ Sragow , Michael ( November 18 , 2005 ) . `` A Walk to see and remember '' . Baltimore Sun . Jump up ^ Kermode , Mark ( February 2006 ) . `` Walk the Line '' . Sight and Sound . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ Harsin , Jayson . `` Walking the Fine Line '' . Bright Lights Film Journal . Retrieved 2012 - 04 - 14 . Jump up ^ Garfield , Simon ( February 5 , 2006 ) . `` Family ties '' . The Guardian . Retrieved March 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The 78th Academy Awards ( 2006 ) Nominees and Winners '' . oscars.org . Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 20 . Jump up ^ Sarris , Andrew ( January 5 , 2006 ) . `` Who and What I Liked in 2005 : Viggo , Violence , Reese , 2046 '' . The New York Observer . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` People 's Choice Awards '' . Movie City News . Archived from the original on 2007 - 08 - 14 . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ Ansen , David ( December 19 , 2005 ) . `` The Five Best Actresses '' . Newsweek . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Walk the Line ( 2005 ) '' . MovieWeb . Retrieved 2015 - 04 - 09 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : Walk the Line Official website Walk the Line on IMDb Walk the Line at AllMovie Walk the Line at Box Office Mojo Walk the Line at Rotten Tomatoes Walk the Line at Metacritic Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy An American in Paris ( 1951 ) With a Song in My Heart ( 1952 ) Carmen Jones ( 1954 ) Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) The King and I ( 1956 ) Les Girls ( 1957 ) Gigi / Auntie Mame ( 1958 ) Porgy and Bess / Some Like It Hot ( 1959 ) Song Without End / The Apartment ( 1960 ) West Side Story / A Majority of One ( 1961 ) The Music Man / That Touch of Mink ( 1962 ) Tom Jones ( 1963 ) My Fair Lady ( 1964 ) The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) The Russians Are Coming , the Russians Are Coming ( 1966 ) The Graduate ( 1967 ) Oliver ! 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( 2001 ) Chicago ( 2002 ) Lost in Translation ( 2003 ) Sideways ( 2004 ) Walk the Line ( 2005 ) Dreamgirls ( 2006 ) Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) Vicky Cristina Barcelona ( 2008 ) The Hangover ( 2009 ) The Kids Are All Right ( 2010 ) The Artist ( 2011 ) Les Misérables ( 2012 ) American Hustle ( 2013 ) The Grand Budapest Hotel ( 2014 ) The Martian ( 2015 ) La La Land ( 2016 ) Lady Bird ( 2017 ) Satellite Award for Best Film Musical or Comedy ( 1996 -- 2009 , retired ) Evita ( 1996 ) As Good as It Gets ( 1997 ) Shakespeare in Love ( 1998 ) Being John Malkovich ( 1999 ) Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) Moulin Rouge ! 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Songs of Our Soil Sings Hank Williams Now , There Was a Song ! Now Here 's Johnny Cash The Sound of Johnny Cash All Aboard the Blue Train Ring of Fire : The Best of Johnny Cash The Original Sun Sound of Johnny Cash I Walk the Line Orange Blossom Special Everybody Loves a Nut Happiness Is You Old Golden Throat More of Old Golden Throat Hello , I 'm Johnny Cash The World of Johnny Cash Man in Black A Thing Called Love Any Old Wind That Blows Ragged Old Flag The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me John R. Cash Look at Them Beans One Piece at a Time The Last Gunfighter Ballad I Would Like to See You Again Gone Girl Silver Rockabilly Blues The Baron The Adventures of Johnny Cash Johnny 99 Rainbow Johnny Cash Is Coming to Town Classic Cash : Hall of Fame Series Water from the Wells of Home Boom Chicka Boom The Mystery of Life American Recordings Unchained American III : Solitary Man American IV : The Man Comes Around Personal File American V : A Hundred Highways American VI : Ai n't No Grave Out Among the Stars Concept albums Ride This Train Blood , Sweat and Tears Bitter Tears : Ballads of the American Indian Sings the Ballads of the True West From Sea to Shining Sea America : A 200 - Year Salute in Story and Song The Johnny Cash Children 's Album The Rambler Gospel albums Hymns by Johnny Cash Hymns from the Heart The Holy Land The Gospel Road Sings Precious Memories A Believer Sings the Truth Believe in Him Return to the Promised Land My Mother 's Hymn Book Christmas albums The Christmas Spirit The Johnny Cash Family Christmas Classic Christmas Johnny Cash Country Christmas Collaborations The Lure of the Grand Canyon Carryin ' On with Johnny Cash and June Carter Johnny Cash and His Woman The Legend of Jesse James Million Dollar Quartet The Survivors Live Highwayman Class of ' 55 Heroes Highwayman 2 The Road Goes on Forever VH1 Storytellers Live albums At Folsom Prison At San Quentin The Johnny Cash Show På Österåker Strawberry Cake Koncert v Praze ( In Prague -- Live ) At Madison Square Garden A Concert Behind Prison Walls Non-gospel soundtracks I Walk the Line Little Fauss and Big Halsy Compilations Greatest Hits , Vol. 1 Heart of Cash Greatest Hits , Vol. 2 Sunday Morning Coming Down International Superstar Five Feet High and Rising Destination Victoria Station Greatest Hits , Vol. 3 The Unissued Johnny Cash Johnny & June Tall Man Encore Biggest Hits The Man in Black 1954 -- 1958 The Man in Black 1959 -- 1962 Come Along and Ride This Train The Essential Johnny Cash ( 1992 ) Wanted Man The Man in Black 1963 -- 1969 The Man in Black -- His Greatest Hits 16 Biggest Hits Love , God , Murder The Essential Johnny Cash ( 2002 ) Unearthed The Legend The Legend of Johnny Cash Johnny Cash : Patriot 16 Biggest Hits : Johnny Cash & June Carter Cash The Legend of Johnny Cash Vol. II The Complete Columbia Album Collection Songs `` 25 Minutes to Go '' `` Seasons of My Heart '' `` Any Old Wind That Blows '' `` A Wonderful Time Up There '' `` The Ballad of Boot Hill '' `` The Ballad of Ira Hayes '' `` Ballad of a Teenage Queen '' `` Big River '' `` Blistered '' `` A Boy Named Sue '' `` Busted '' `` Cat 's in the Cradle '' `` Cocaine Blues '' `` Cry ! Cry ! Cry ! '' `` Daddy Sang Bass '' `` Dark as a Dungeon '' `` Do n't Take Your Guns to Town '' `` Engine 143 '' `` Flesh and Blood '' `` The Folk Singer '' `` Folsom Prison Blues '' `` Forty Shades of Green '' `` Get Rhythm '' `` Give My Love to Rose '' `` Goodnight , Irene '' `` Green , Green Grass of Home '' `` Greystone Chapel '' `` Guess Things Happen That Way '' `` Hey , Porter '' `` Home of the Blues '' `` Hurt '' `` I Could n't Keep from Crying '' `` I Love You Because '' `` I Still Miss Someone '' `` I Walk the Line '' `` If I Had a Hammer '' `` If I Were a Carpenter '' `` In My Life '' `` In the Jailhouse Now '' `` It Ai n't Me Babe '' `` Jackson '' `` Kate '' `` The Man Comes Around '' `` Man in Black '' `` The Matador '' `` Oh Lonesome Me '' `` One Piece at a Time '' `` Oney '' `` Orange Blossom Special '' `` The One on the Right Is on the Left '' `` Remember the Alamo '' `` ( Ghost ) Riders in the Sky '' `` Ring of Fire '' `` Rock Island Line '' `` So Doggone Lonesome '' `` Sunday Mornin ' Comin ' Down '' `` Tennessee Flat Top Box '' `` There Ai n't No Good Chain Gang '' `` A Thing Called Love '' `` Understand Your Man '' `` What Is Truth '' `` What 'd I Say '' Television The Johnny Cash Show Family June Carter Cash John Carter Cash Rosanne Cash Carlene Carter Tommy Cash Carter Family Related Albums discography Singles discography Sun Records discography The Highwaymen Carter Family Fold Man in Black : His Own Story in His Own Words Cash : The Autobiography Johnny Cash ! The Man , His World , His Music Walk the Line We Walk the Line : A Celebration of the Music of Johnny Cash Ring of Fire ( 2013 film ) Ring of Fire ( musical ) My Father and the Man in Black Forever Words Dyess , Arkansas The Tennessee Three Book Films directed by James Mangold Heavy ( 1995 ) Cop Land ( 1997 ) Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) Kate & Leopold ( 2001 ) Identity ( 2003 ) Walk the Line ( 2005 ) 3 : 10 to Yuma ( 2007 ) Knight and Day ( 2010 ) The Wolverine ( 2013 ) Logan ( 2017 ) VIAF : 226055117 GND : 7525591 - 1 BNF : cb16460567k ( data ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walk_the_Line&oldid=831189145 '' Categories : 2005 films English - language films 20th Century Fox films 2000s drama films American biographical films American films American drama films Best Musical or Comedy Picture Golden Globe winners Biographical films about musicians Country music films Films based on biographies Films directed by James Mangold Films featuring a Best Actress Academy Award - winning performance Films featuring a Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe winning performance Films featuring a Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe winning performance Films set in Arkansas Films set in Tennessee Films set in California Films set in the 1940s Films set in the 1950s Films set in the 1960s Johnny Cash Musical films based on actual events Nonlinear narrative films Films about drugs Films set in Memphis , Tennessee Hidden categories : Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Scots Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 28 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 March 2018 , at 07 : 44 . 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Question: who starred in the film walk the line


Table of contents - Wikipedia Table of contents Jump to : navigation , search For information on Wikipedia 's Help : Magic words . For Wikipedia 's tables of contents , see Portal : Contents . This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) A table of contents A table of contents , usually headed simply `` Contents '' and abbreviated informally as TOC , is a list , usually found on a page before the start of a written work , of its chapter or section titles or brief descriptions with their commencing page numbers . Contents ( hide ) 1 Earliest use 2 Form 3 Examples 4 References 5 Notes Earliest Use ( edit ) Pliny the Elder credits Quintus Valerius Soranus ( d . 82 B.C. ) as the first author to provide a table of contents to help readers navigate a lengthy work . Pliny 's own table of contents for his encyclopedic Historia naturalis ( `` Natural History '' ) may be viewed online in Latin and in English ( following dedication ) . Form ( edit ) A table of contents usually includes the titles or descriptions of the first - level headers , such as chapter titles in longer works , and often includes second - level or section titles ( A-heads ) within the chapters as well , and occasionally even third - level titles ( subsections or B - heads ) . The depth of detail in tables of contents depends on the length of the work , with longer works having less . Formal reports ( ten or more pages and being too long to put into a memo or letter ) also have a table of contents . Within an English - language book , the table of contents usually appears after the title page , copyright notices , and , in technical journals , the abstract ; and before any lists of tables or figures , the foreword , and the preface . Printed tables of contents indicate page numbers where each part starts , while digital ones offer links to go to each part . The format and location of the page numbers is a matter of style for the publisher . If the page numbers appear after the heading text , they might be preceded by characters called leaders , usually dots or periods , that run from the chapter or section titles on the opposite side of the page , or the page numbers might remain closer to the titles . In some cases , the page number appears before the text . If a book or document contains chapters , articles , or stories by different authors , their names usually appear in the table of contents . Matter preceding the table of contents is generally not listed there . However , all pages except the outside cover are counted , and the table of contents is often numbered with a lowercase Roman numeral page number . Many popular word processors , such as Microsoft Word , WordPerfect , and StarWriter are capable of automatically generating a table of contents if the author of the text uses specific styles for chapter titles , headings , subheadings , etc . Examples ( edit ) Example with leaders : Chapter 1 : Getting Started ... 1 Introduction ... 2 Next Steps ... 3 Example without leaders : Chapter 1 : Getting Started 1 Introduction 2 Next Steps 3 Example with authors : 1 . Introduction to Biology Arthur C. Smith 1 2 . Microbiology Susan Jones 10 3 . Advances in Biotechnology T.C. Chang 24 Example with descriptive text : Chapter 1 3 In which we first meet our hero and heroine , attend a gala feast , and begin an unexpected journey . Chapter 2 12 The journey takes an unusual turn , and new villains are discovered . References ( edit ) The Chicago Manual of Style ( 15th Edition ) Gerald J. Alred ; Charles T. Brusaw ; Walter E. Oliu ( 2003 ) . Handbook of Technical Writing . ISBN 0 - 312 - 30923 - 6 . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Pliny the Elder , preface 33 , Historia naturalis ; John Henderson , `` Knowing Someone Through Their Books : Pliny on Uncle Pliny ( Epistles 3.5 ) , '' Classical Philology 97 ( 2002 ) , p. 275 . ( hide ) Book design General page layout and typography choices Fonts Front and back covers Buckram Leather Anthropodermic bibliopegy Treasure binding Endpapers Marbled Front matter Half title bastard title Frontispiece Title page Edition notice Dedication Epigraph Table of contents List of figures List of tables Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Prologue Printer 's mark Body matter , which may include : Body text Chapters Parts Sections Tipped - in pages Back matter Afterword Conclusion Epilogue Outro Postscript Appendix / Addendum Glossary Bibliography Index Errata Colophon Postface Other elements Bookplate or ex-librīs Catchword Die cutting Fore - edge painting Pop - ups Thumb index Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Table_of_contents&oldid=797052602 '' Categories : Technical communication Book design Index ( publishing ) Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from April 2012 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Ελληνικά Español فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ Қазақша Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Svenska தமிழ் Edit links This page was last edited on 24 August 2017 , at 17 : 29 . 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usually appears after the title page, copyright notices, and, in technical journals, the abstract; and before any lists of tables or figures, the foreword, and the preface


Joseph Kearns - wikipedia Joseph Kearns Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Joseph Kearns ( 1907 - 02 - 12 ) February 12 , 1907 Salt Lake City , Utah February 17 , 1962 ( 1962 - 02 - 17 ) ( aged 55 ) Los Angeles , California Cause of death Cerebral hemorrhage Resting place Forest Lawn Memorial Park , Hollywood Hills Alma mater University of Utah Occupation Actor Years active 1930s -- 1962 Joseph Sherrard Kearns ( February 12 , 1907 -- February 17 , 1962 ) was an American actor , who is best remembered for his role as George Wilson ( `` Mr. Wilson '' ) in the CBS television series Dennis the Menace from 1959 until his death in 1962 , and for providing the voice of the Doorknob in the animated Disney film , Alice in Wonderland . Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 Radio 2.2 Film career 2.3 Television 2.3. 1 Dennis the Menace 2.4 Personal life 3 Death 4 Selected filmography 5 References 6 External links 7 External video links Early Life ( edit ) Born in Salt Lake City , Utah , Kearns moved with his family to California when he was very young . His mother was Cordelia M. Kearns ( née Peterson ; 1877 -- 1962 ) , a concert pianist , from whom Kearns derived his love of music . He and his family were strict Mormons , whose ancestors were Mormon pioneers . His acting career began in 1916 when he joined ' The Rising Generation `` , a vaudeville troupe of eleven children that toured for 14 months . He briefly tried his hand at wool buying and worked for his father for a year . Kearns traveled the West as a representative of Howell , Jones and Donnell of Boston . His wool - buying career came to an abrupt end when Kearns purchased five boxcars full of black wool from a breed called Karakul for $8,000 . The problem was that black wool could not be dyed and no one knew how to use it in those days . After this fiasco , Kearns gladly gave up the wool business and pursued a show business career . Career ( edit ) Radio ( edit ) Kearns joined the staff of radio station KSL in Salt Lake City in 1930 remaining there until 1936 when he moved to Los Angeles . Kearns began his acting career in radio in the 1930s ( playing the Crazyquilt Dragon in the serial The Cinnamon Bear ) , becoming active during the 1940s , with appearances on the shows The Adventures of Sam Spade , Burns and Allen , The Whistler , and dozens of other shows . On Suspense , he was almost a mainstay , heard regularly as the host `` The Man in Black '' in the early years , announcing many episodes in the later run , and playing supporting and occasional lead roles in hundreds of shows throughout the series ' tenure in Hollywood , from judges to kindly old - timers to cowards . He also appeared on The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes , playing various different characters including Professor Moriarty and even Dr. Watson . Kearns played Ed , the security guard for Jack Benny 's underground money vault , on The Jack Benny Program . The ' running gag ' was that Benny had kept Ed on duty at the vault 's door so long that the guard was not conversant with current events . When Benny informed him that `` The War ( World War II ) had ended , '' Ed asked whether the `` North '' or the `` South '' had won , assuming that the American Civil War was the war Benny referred to . He played numerous parts on the Benny show , including an IRS Agent . ( ' NO ONE yells at a tax collector , Mr. Benny ! `` ) He appeared in regular roles on The Mel Blanc Show ( as the cantankerous father of Mel 's on - air girl friend , Betty , played by Mary Jane Croft ) and The Harold Peary Show as Old Doc Yak - Yak . He also played numerous comedic parts on Judy Canova 's radio show , including her `` dumb boyfriend '' , Lukey . Film career ( edit ) Kearns made his film debut in Hard , Fast and Beautiful ( 1951 ) . He was the voice of the Doorknob in Disney 's animated film , Alice in Wonderland ( 1951 ) . Kearns appeared in other movies , making his final film appearance as the crime photographer in Anatomy of a Murder ( 1959 ) . Television ( edit ) Joseph Kearns ( right ) with the cast of Dennis the Menace ( 1960 ) On television , Kearns reprised his radio roles on The Jack Benny Program and also appeared with Eve Arden and Richard Crenna in Our Miss Brooks ( 1953 -- 55 ) , first as Assistant Superintendent Michaels and later ( in eight episodes ) as Superintendent Stone , a role that he had played on radio . He appeared on The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show a total of 11 times , Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet a total of 16 times , I Love Lucy , My Little Margie , Perry Mason , I Married Joan , December Bride , It 's a Great Life , Angel , Gunsmoke , and General Electric Theater . Kearns played Fred on Professional Father . In 1959 Kearns appeared as criminologist Edward Langley in the Perry Mason episode , `` The Case of the Perjured Parrot '' . Dennis the Menace ( edit ) Kearns ' final role was as George Wilson , the grouchy , cantankerous neighbor in CBS 's Dennis the Menace based on the comic strip by Hank Ketcham . After his death , Kearns was replaced in the cast by Gale Gordon , who played George Wilson 's brother John . Kearns and Gordon had worked together prior to Dennis the Menace , on the old radio show The Cinnamon Bear . In the last episode that aired before Kearns ' death , episode 89 entitled `` Where There 's a Will '' , the story dealt with Mr. Wilson making out a will and explaining that Dennis would inherit his gold watch when he dies . The last episode Kearns filmed was titled `` The Man Next Door '' , episode 100 , and shown on May 6 , 1962 . Sylvia Field as George 's wife , Martha , remained for a few more broadcasts , with John Wilson appearing in episode 103 , `` John Wilson 's Cushion '' , which aired on May 27 , 1962 . There were references to George being ' back east ' in subsequent shows . While Kearns was still filming episodes , the show introduced Edward Everett Horton as George 's Uncle Ned , beginning with episode 90 . Horton subsequently appeared twice more . In season four , Field was replaced in the cast by Sara Seegar , playing John Wilson 's wife , Eloise . Personal Life ( edit ) Kearns never married nor had any children . Describing himself as a night owl who hated to get up early in the morning , Kearns enjoyed cooking , reading novels , writing , traveling , going to the movies , and playing cards in his spare time . He was a member of the exclusive Societe des Gentilhommes Chefs de Cuisine , a club for the gentlemen chefs . The members traded original recipes with other club members . Kearns also wrote plays and scripts for his various radio shows . His favorite hobby was playing the organ . Kearns , who was musically trained by his mother , had played the pipe organ for a Los Angeles theatre in the 1930s . Kearns purchased a Hammond organ and installed it in a studio apartment he designed and built in the 1940s . He later purchased a larger 26 rank Wurlizter organ that had been designed for Warner Brothers in 1929 . He then designed and built a soundproof 2 - 1 / 2 story home around the organ . Kearns delighted in playing the organ for his guests . Death ( edit ) Kearns suffered a cerebral hemorrhage on February 11 , 1962 , during the third season of Dennis the Menace . He was hospitalized but never regained consciousness and died on February 17 , 1962 , five days after he had turned 55 . He was buried at the Forest Lawn , Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles . Selected filmography ( edit ) The Hucksters ( 1947 ) - Radio Voice ( uncredited ) Hard , Fast and Beautiful ( 1951 ) - J.R. Carpenter Alice in Wonderland ( 1951 ) - Doorknob ( voice ) Daddy Long Legs ( 1955 ) - Guide ( uncredited ) Our Miss Brooks ( 1956 ) - Mr. Stone Storm Center ( 1956 ) - Mr. Morrisey The Girl Most Likely ( 1958 ) - Mr. Schlom , Bank Manager ( uncredited ) The Gift of Love ( 1958 ) - Mr. Rynicker Anatomy of a Murder ( 1959 ) - Lloyd Burke How to Marry a Millionaire ( 1957 -- 1959 , TV series ) - Mr. Augustus P. Tobey References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Menaced by Dennis '' , TV Guide ( om the July 15 -- 21 , 1961_ , Savetheorgan.org ; retrieved September 28 , 2011 . Jump up ^ http://www.radiospirits.com/email/joseph_kearns_020415.asp?pcode=T02NC001 Jump up ^ Gordon , Shirley ( June 3 , 1945 ) . `` Microphones Are His Meat '' . Radio Life . ^ Jump up to : Joseph Kearns on IMDb Jump up ^ Buchanan , Joan ( March 23 , 1947 ) . `` Kearns Carries On '' . Radio Life . Jump up ^ `` New menace for Dennis '' . Broadcasting . February 26 , 1962 . Retrieved July 2 , 2014 . External links ( edit ) Biography portal Joseph Kearns on IMDb Joseph Kearns at Find a Grave External video links ( edit ) Video Kellogg 's commercial Joseph Kearns & Sylvia Field - 1959 on YouTube VIAF : 56216262 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Kearns&oldid=832866749 '' Categories : 1907 births 1962 deaths Male actors from California American male film actors American male radio actors American male voice actors Male actors from Salt Lake City University of Utah alumni 20th - century American male actors Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park ( Hollywood Hills ) American Latter Day Saints Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from July 2012 All articles needing additional references Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2015 Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu Español Français Italiano Edit links This page was last edited on 28 March 2018 , at 12 : 21 . 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Question: who plays mr wilson in dennis the menace