Malware - wikipedia Malware Jump to : navigation , search This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Security by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data - centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Intrusion prevention system Mobile secure gateway This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Malware , short for malicious software , is an umbrella term used to refer to a variety of forms of harmful or intrusive software , including computer viruses , worms , Trojan horses , ransomware , spyware , adware , scareware , and other malicious programs . It can take the form of executable code , scripts , active content , and other software . Malware is defined by its malicious intent , acting against the requirements of the computer user -- and so does not include software that causes unintentional harm due to some deficiency . Programs supplied officially by companies can be considered malware if they secretly act against the interests of the computer user . An example is the Sony rootkit , a Trojan horse embedded into CDs sold by Sony , which silently installed and concealed itself on purchasers ' computers with the intention of preventing illicit copying ; it also reported on users ' listening habits , and unintentionally created vulnerabilities that were exploited by unrelated malware . Antivirus software and firewalls are used to protect against malicious activity , and to recover from attacks . Contents ( hide ) 1 Purposes 2 Infectious malware 3 Concealment 3.1 Viruses 3.2 Lock - screens 3.3 Trojan horses 3.4 Rootkits 3.5 Backdoors 3.6 Evasion 4 Vulnerability 4.1 Security defects in software 4.2 Insecure design or user error 4.3 Over-privileged users and over-privileged code 4.4 Use of the same operating system 5 Anti-malware strategies 5.1 Anti-virus and anti-malware software 5.2 Website security scans 5.3 `` Air gap '' isolation or `` Parallel Network '' 6 Grayware 7 History of viruses and worms 8 Academic research 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Purposes ( edit ) Malware by categories on 16 March 2011 . Many early infectious programs , including the first Internet Worm , were written as experiments or pranks . Today , malware is used by both black hat hackers and governments , to steal personal , financial , or business information . Malware is sometimes used broadly against government or corporate websites to gather guarded information , or to disrupt their operation in general . However , malware can be used against individuals to gain information such as personal identification numbers or details , bank or credit card numbers , and passwords . Since the rise of widespread broadband Internet access , malicious software has more frequently been designed for profit . Since 2003 , the majority of widespread viruses and worms have been designed to take control of users ' computers for illicit purposes . Infected `` zombie computers '' can be used to send email spam , to host contraband data such as child pornography , or to engage in distributed denial - of - service attacks as a form of extortion . Programs designed to monitor users ' web browsing , display unsolicited advertisements , or redirect affiliate marketing revenues are called spyware . Spyware programs do not spread like viruses ; instead they are generally installed by exploiting security holes . They can also be hidden and packaged together with unrelated user - installed software . Ransomware affects an infected computer system in some way , and demands payment to bring it back to its normal state . For example , programs such as CryptoLocker encrypt files securely , and only decrypt them on payment of a substantial sum of money . Some malware is used to generate money by click fraud , making it appear that the computer user has clicked an advertising link on a site , generating a payment from the advertiser . It was estimated in 2012 that about 60 to 70 % of all active malware used some kind of click fraud , and 22 % of all ad - clicks were fraudulent . In addition to criminal money - making , malware can be used for sabotage , often for political motives . Stuxnet , for example , was designed to disrupt very specific industrial equipment . There have been politically motivated attacks that have spread over and shut down large computer networks , including massive deletion of files and corruption of master boot records , described as `` computer killing '' . Such attacks were made on Sony Pictures Entertainment ( 25 November 2014 , using malware known as Shamoon or W32. Disttrack ) and Saudi Aramco ( August 2012 ) . Infectious malware ( edit ) Main articles : Computer virus and Computer worm The best - known types of malware , viruses and worms , are known for the manner in which they spread , rather than any specific types of behavior . A computer virus is software that embeds itself in some other executable software ( including the operating system itself ) on the target system without the user 's consent and when it is run , the virus is spread to other executables . On the other hand , a worm is a stand - alone malware software that actively transmits itself over a network to infect other computers . These definitions lead to the observation that a virus requires the user to run an infected software or operating system for the virus to spread , whereas a worm spreads itself . Concealment ( edit ) These categories are not mutually exclusive , so malware may use multiple techniques . This section only applies to malware designed to operate undetected , not sabotage and ransomware . See also : Polymorphic packer Viruses ( edit ) Main article : Computer virus A computer virus is software usually hidden within another seemingly innocuous program that can produce copies of itself and insert them into other programs or files , and that usually performs a harmful action ( such as destroying data ) . An example of this is a PE infection , a technique , usually used to spread malware , that inserts extra data or executable code into PE files . Lock - screens ( edit ) Main article : Ransomware Lock - screens , or screen lockers is a type of `` cyber police '' ransomware that blocks screens on Windows or Android devices with a false accusation in harvesting illegal content , trying to scare the victims into paying up a fee . Jisut and SLocker impact Android devices more than other lock - screens , with Jisut making up nearly 60 percent of all Android ransomware detections . Trojan horses ( edit ) Main article : Trojan horse ( computing ) A Trojan horse is a malicious program which misrepresents itself to appear useful , routine , or interesting in order to persuade a victim to install it . The term is derived from the Ancient Greek story of the Trojan horse used to invade the city of Troy by stealth . Trojan horses are generally spread by some form of social engineering , for example , where a user is duped into executing an e-mail attachment disguised to be unsuspicious , ( e.g. , a routine form to be filled in ) , or by drive - by download . Although their payload can be anything , many modern forms act as a backdoor , contacting a controller which can then have unauthorized access to the affected computer . While Trojan horses and backdoors are not easily detectable by themselves , computers may appear to run slower due to heavy processor or network usage . Unlike computer viruses and worms , Trojan horses generally do not attempt to inject themselves into other files or otherwise propagate themselves . In spring 2017 Mac users were hit by the new version of Proton Remote Access Trojan ( RAT ) trained to extract password data from various sources , such as browser auto - fill data , the Mac - OS keychain , and password vaults . Rootkits ( edit ) Main article : Rootkit Once malicious software is installed on a system , it is essential that it stays concealed , to avoid detection . Software packages known as rootkits allow this concealment , by modifying the host 's operating system so that the malware is hidden from the user . Rootkits can prevent a malicious process from being visible in the system 's list of processes , or keep its files from being read . Some malicious software contains routines to defend against removal , not merely to hide themselves . An early example of this behavior is recorded in the Jargon File tale of a pair of programs infesting a Xerox CP - V time sharing system : Each ghost - job would detect the fact that the other had been killed , and would start a new copy of the recently stopped program within a few milliseconds . The only way to kill both ghosts was to kill them simultaneously ( very difficult ) or to deliberately crash the system . Backdoors ( edit ) Main article : Backdoor ( computing ) A backdoor is a method of bypassing normal authentication procedures , usually over a connection to a network such as the Internet . Once a system has been compromised , one or more backdoors may be installed in order to allow access in the future , invisibly to the user . The idea has often been suggested that computer manufacturers preinstall backdoors on their systems to provide technical support for customers , but this has never been reliably verified . It was reported in 2014 that US government agencies had been diverting computers purchased by those considered `` targets '' to secret workshops where software or hardware permitting remote access by the agency was installed , considered to be among the most productive operations to obtain access to networks around the world . Backdoors may be installed by Trojan horses , worms , implants , or other methods . Evasion ( edit ) Since the beginning of 2015 , a sizable portion of malware utilizes a combination of many techniques designed to avoid detection and analysis . The most common evasion technique is when the malware evades analysis and detection by fingerprinting the environment when executed . The second most common evasion technique is confusing automated tools ' detection methods . This allows malware to avoid detection by technologies such as signature - based antivirus software by changing the server used by the malware . The third most common evasion technique is timing - based evasion . This is when malware runs at certain times or following certain actions taken by the user , so it executes during certain vulnerable periods , such as during the boot process , while remaining dormant the rest of the time . The fourth most common evasion technique is done by obfuscating internal data so that automated tools do not detect the malware . An increasingly common technique is adware that uses stolen certificates to disable anti-malware and virus protection ; technical remedies are available to deal with the adware . Nowadays , one of the most sophisticated and stealthy ways of evasion is to use information hiding techniques , namely stegomalware . Vulnerability ( edit ) Main article : Vulnerability ( computing ) In this context , and throughout , what is called the `` system '' under attack may be anything from a single application , through a complete computer and operating system , to a large network . Various factors make a system more vulnerable to malware : Security defects in software ( edit ) Malware exploits security defects ( security bugs or vulnerabilities ) in the design of the operating system , in applications ( such as browsers , e.g. older versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer supported by Windows XP ) , or in vulnerable versions of browser plugins such as Adobe Flash Player , Adobe Acrobat or Reader , or Java SE . Sometimes even installing new versions of such plugins does not automatically uninstall old versions . Security advisories from plug - in providers announce security - related updates . Common vulnerabilities are assigned CVE IDs and listed in the US National Vulnerability Database . Secunia PSI is an example of software , free for personal use , that will check a PC for vulnerable out - of - date software , and attempt to update it . Malware authors target bugs , or loopholes , to exploit . A common method is exploitation of a buffer overrun vulnerability , where software designed to store data in a specified region of memory does not prevent more data than the buffer can accommodate being supplied . Malware may provide data that overflows the buffer , with malicious executable code or data after the end ; when this payload is accessed it does what the attacker , not the legitimate software , determines . Insecure design or user error ( edit ) Early PCs had to be booted from floppy disks . When built - in hard drives became common , the operating system was normally started from them , but it was possible to boot from another boot device if available , such as a floppy disk , CD - ROM , DVD - ROM , USB flash drive or network . It was common to configure the computer to boot from one of these devices when available . Normally none would be available ; the user would intentionally insert , say , a CD into the optical drive to boot the computer in some special way , for example , to install an operating system . Even without booting , computers can be configured to execute software on some media as soon as they become available , e.g. to autorun a CD or USB device when inserted . Malicious software distributors would trick the user into booting or running from an infected device or medium . For example , a virus could make an infected computer add autorunnable code to any USB stick plugged into it . Anyone who then attached the stick to another computer set to autorun from USB would in turn become infected , and also pass on the infection in the same way . More generally , any device that plugs into a USB port - even lights , fans , speakers , toys , or peripherals such as a digital microscope - can be used to spread malware . Devices can be infected during manufacturing or supply if quality control is inadequate . This form of infection can largely be avoided by setting up computers by default to boot from the internal hard drive , if available , and not to autorun from devices . Intentional booting from another device is always possible by pressing certain keys during boot . Older email software would automatically open HTML email containing potentially malicious JavaScript code . Users may also execute disguised malicious email attachments and infected executable files supplied in other ways . Over-privileged users and over-privileged code ( edit ) Main article : principle of least privilege In computing , privilege refers to how much a user or program is allowed to modify a system . In poorly designed computer systems , both users and programs can be assigned more privileges than they should be , and malware can take advantage of this . The two ways that malware does this is through overprivileged users and overprivileged code . Some systems allow all users to modify their internal structures , and such users today would be considered over-privileged users . This was the standard operating procedure for early microcomputer and home computer systems , where there was no distinction between an administrator or root , and a regular user of the system . In some systems , non-administrator users are over-privileged by design , in the sense that they are allowed to modify internal structures of the system . In some environments , users are over-privileged because they have been inappropriately granted administrator or equivalent status . Some systems allow code executed by a user to access all rights of that user , which is known as over-privileged code . This was also standard operating procedure for early microcomputer and home computer systems . Malware , running as over-privileged code , can use this privilege to subvert the system . Almost all currently popular operating systems , and also many scripting applications allow code too many privileges , usually in the sense that when a user executes code , the system allows that code all rights of that user . This makes users vulnerable to malware in the form of e-mail attachments , which may or may not be disguised . Use of the same operating system ( edit ) Homogeneity can be a vulnerability . For example , when all computers in a network run the same operating system , upon exploiting one , one worm can exploit them all : In particular , Microsoft Windows or Mac OS X have such a large share of the market that an exploited vulnerability concentrating on either operating system could subvert a large number of systems . Introducing diversity purely for the sake of robustness , such as adding Linux computers , could increase short - term costs for training and maintenance . However , as long as all the nodes are not part of the same directory service for authentication , having a few diverse nodes could deter total shutdown of the network and allow those nodes to help with recovery of the infected nodes . Such separate , functional redundancy could avoid the cost of a total shutdown , at the cost of increased complexity and reduced usability in terms of single sign - on authentication . Anti-malware strategies ( edit ) Main article : Antivirus software As malware attacks become more frequent , attention has begun to shift from viruses and spyware protection , to malware protection , and programs that have been specifically developed to combat malware . ( Other preventive and recovery measures , such as backup and recovery methods , are mentioned in the computer virus article ) . Antivirus and anti-malware software ( edit ) A specific component of anti-virus and anti-malware software , commonly referred to as an on - access or real - time scanner , hooks deep into the operating system 's core or kernel and functions in a manner similar to how certain malware itself would attempt to operate , though with the user 's informed permission for protecting the system . Any time the operating system accesses a file , the on - access scanner checks if the file is a ' legitimate ' file or not . If the file is identified as malware by the scanner , the access operation will be stopped , the file will be dealt with by the scanner in a pre-defined way ( how the anti-virus program was configured during / post installation ) , and the user will be notified . This may have a considerable performance impact on the operating system , though the degree of impact is dependent on how well the scanner was programmed . The goal is to stop any operations the malware may attempt on the system before they occur , including activities which might exploit bugs or trigger unexpected operating system behavior . Anti-malware programs can combat malware in two ways : They can provide real time protection against the installation of malware software on a computer . This type of malware protection works the same way as that of antivirus protection in that the anti-malware software scans all incoming network data for malware and blocks any threats it comes across . Anti-malware software programs can be used solely for detection and removal of malware software that has already been installed onto a computer . This type of anti-malware software scans the contents of the Windows registry , operating system files , and installed programs on a computer and will provide a list of any threats found , allowing the user to choose which files to delete or keep , or to compare this list to a list of known malware components , removing files that match . Real - time protection from malware works identically to real - time antivirus protection : the software scans disk files at download time , and blocks the activity of components known to represent malware . In some cases , it may also intercept attempts to install start - up items or to modify browser settings . Because many malware components are installed as a result of browser exploits or user error , using security software ( some of which are anti-malware , though many are not ) to `` sandbox '' browsers ( essentially isolate the browser from the computer and hence any malware induced change ) can also be effective in helping to restrict any damage done . Examples of Microsoft Windows antivirus and anti-malware software include the optional Microsoft Security Essentials ( for Windows XP , Vista , and Windows 7 ) for real - time protection , the Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool ( now included with Windows ( Security ) Updates on `` Patch Tuesday '' , the second Tuesday of each month ) , and Windows Defender ( an optional download in the case of Windows XP , incorporating MSE functionality in the case of Windows 8 and later ) . Additionally , several capable antivirus software programs are available for free download from the Internet ( usually restricted to non-commercial use ) . Tests found some free programs to be competitive with commercial ones . Microsoft 's System File Checker can be used to check for and repair corrupted system files . Some viruses disable System Restore and other important Windows tools such as Task Manager and Command Prompt . Many such viruses can be removed by rebooting the computer , entering Windows safe mode with networking , and then using system tools or Microsoft Safety Scanner . Hardware implants can be of any type , so there can be no general way to detect them . Website security scans ( edit ) As malware also harms the compromised websites ( by breaking reputation , blacklisting in search engines , etc . ) , some websites offer vulnerability scanning . Such scans check the website , detect malware , may note outdated software , and may report known security issues . `` Air gap '' isolation or `` parallel network '' ( edit ) As a last resort , computers can be protected from malware , and infected computers can be prevented from disseminating trusted information , by imposing an `` air gap '' ( i.e. completely disconnecting them from all other networks ) . However , malware can still cross the air gap in some situations . For example , removable media can carry malware across the gap . In December 2013 researchers in Germany showed one way that an apparent air gap can be defeated . `` AirHopper '' , `` BitWhisper '' , `` GSMem '' and `` Fansmitter '' are four techniques introduced by researchers that can leak data from air - gapped computers using electromagnetic , thermal and acoustic emissions . Grayware ( edit ) See also : Privacy - invasive software and Potentially unwanted program Grayware is a term applied to unwanted applications or files that are not classified as malware , but can worsen the performance of computers and may cause security risks . It describes applications that behave in an annoying or undesirable manner , and yet are less serious or troublesome than malware . Grayware encompasses spyware , adware , fraudulent dialers , joke programs , remote access tools and other unwanted programs that may harm the performance of computers or cause inconvenience . The term came into use around 2004 . Another term , potentially unwanted program ( PUP ) or potentially unwanted application ( PUA ) , refers to applications that would be considered unwanted despite often having been downloaded by the user , possibly after failing to read a download agreement . PUPs include spyware , adware , and fraudulent dialers . Many security products classify unauthorised key generators as grayware , although they frequently carry true malware in addition to their ostensible purpose . Software maker Malwarebytes lists several criteria for classifying a program as a PUP . Some types of adware ( using stolen certificates ) turn off anti-malware and virus protection ; technical remedies are available . History of viruses and worms ( edit ) Before Internet access became widespread , viruses spread on personal computers by infecting the executable boot sectors of floppy disks . By inserting a copy of itself into the machine code instructions in these executables , a virus causes itself to be run whenever a program is run or the disk is booted . Early computer viruses were written for the Apple II and Macintosh , but they became more widespread with the dominance of the IBM PC and MS - DOS system . Executable - infecting viruses are dependent on users exchanging software or boot - able floppies and thumb drives so they spread rapidly in computer hobbyist circles . The first worms , network - borne infectious programs , originated not on personal computers , but on multitasking Unix systems . The first well - known worm was the Internet Worm of 1988 , which infected SunOS and VAX BSD systems . Unlike a virus , this worm did not insert itself into other programs . Instead , it exploited security holes ( vulnerabilities ) in network server programs and started itself running as a separate process . This same behavior is used by today 's worms as well . With the rise of the Microsoft Windows platform in the 1990s , and the flexible macros of its applications , it became possible to write infectious code in the macro language of Microsoft Word and similar programs . These macro viruses infect documents and templates rather than applications ( executables ) , but rely on the fact that macros in a Word document are a form of executable code . Academic research ( edit ) Main article : Malware research The notion of a self - reproducing computer program can be traced back to initial theories about the operation of complex automata . John von Neumann showed that in theory a program could reproduce itself . This constituted a plausibility result in computability theory . Fred Cohen experimented with computer viruses and confirmed Neumann 's postulate and investigated other properties of malware such as detectability and self - obfuscation using rudimentary encryption . His doctoral dissertation was on the subject of computer viruses . The combination of cryptographic technology as part of the payload of the virus , exploiting it for attack purposes was initialized and investigated from the mid 1990s , and includes initial ransomware and evasion ideas . 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Jump up ^ GSMem : Data Exfiltration from Air - Gapped Computers over GSM Frequencies . Mordechai Guri , Assaf Kachlon , Ofer Hasson , Gabi Kedma , Yisroel Mirsky , and Yuval Elovici , Ben - Gurion University of the Negev ; USENIX Security Symposium 2015 Jump up ^ https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1606/1606.05915.pdf Jump up ^ Vincentas ( 11 July 2013 ) . `` Grayware in SpyWareLoop.com '' . Spyware Loop . Archived from the original on 15 July 2014 . Retrieved 28 July 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Threat Encyclopedia -- Generic Grayware '' . Trend Micro . Retrieved 27 November 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Rating the best anti-malware solutions '' . Arstechnica . Retrieved 28 January 2014 . Jump up ^ `` PUP Criteria '' . malwarebytes.org . Retrieved 13 February 2015 . Jump up ^ William A Hendric ( 4 September 2014 ) . `` Computer Virus history '' . The Register . Retrieved 29 March 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Malware : Types , Protection , Prevention , Detection & Removal - Ultimate Guide '' . EasyTechGuides . Jump up ^ `` Beware of Word Document Viruses '' . us.norton.com . Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 25 . Jump up ^ John von Neumann , `` Theory of Self - Reproducing Automata '' , Part 1 : Transcripts of lectures given at the University of Illinois , December 1949 , Editor : A.W. Burks , University of Illinois , USA , 1966 . Jump up ^ Fred Cohen , `` Computer Viruses '' , PhD Thesis , University of Southern California , ASP Press , 1988 . Jump up ^ Young , Adam ; Yung , Moti ( 2004 ) . Malicious cryptography - exposing cryptovirology . Wiley . pp. 1 -- 392 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7645 - 4975 - 5 . External links ( edit ) Look up malware in Wiktionary , the free dictionary . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malware . Malicious Software at Curlie ( based on DMOZ ) Further Reading : Research Papers and Documents about Malware on IDMARCH ( Int . Digital Media Archive ) Advanced Malware Cleaning -- a Microsoft video Malware topics Infectious malware Computer virus Comparison of computer viruses Computer worm List of computer worms Timeline of computer viruses and worms Concealment Trojan horse Rootkit Backdoor Zombie computer Man - in - the - middle Man - in - the - browser Man - in - the - mobile Clickjacking Malware for profit Privacy - invasive software Adware Spyware Botnet Keystroke logging Form grabbing Web threats Fraudulent dialer Malbot Scareware Rogue security software Ransomware Crimeware By operating system Linux malware Palm OS viruses Mobile malware Macro virus Classic Mac OS viruses MacOS malware iOS malware Android malware Protection Anti-keylogger Antivirus software Browser security Internet security Mobile security Network security Defensive computing Firewall Intrusion detection system Data loss prevention software Countermeasures Computer and network surveillance Operation : Bot Roast Honeypot Software distribution Licenses Beerware Floating licensing Free Free and open - source Freely redistributable Open source Proprietary Public domain Compensation models Adware Commercial software Retail software Crippleware Crowdfunding Freemium Freeware Pay what you want Careware Donationware Open core Postcardware Shareware Nagware Delivery methods Digital distribution File sharing On - premises Pre-installed Product bundling Retail software Sneakernet Software as a service Deceptive and / or illicit Unwanted software bundling Malware Spyware Trojan horse Worm Ransomware Scareware Shovelware Vaporware Software release life cycle Abandonware End - of - life Long - term support Software maintenance Software maintainer Software publisher Copy protection Digital rights management Software protection dongle Hardware restrictions License manager Product activation Product key Software copyright Software patent Torrent poisoning Information technology portal Internet portal Computer security portal GND : 4687059 - 3 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malware&oldid=820971587 '' Categories : Malware Computer security exploits Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from August 2017 Articles needing additional references from July 2013 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013 Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013 Articles with DMOZ links Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Latina Latviešu Lumbaart Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 17 January 2018 , at 17 : 55 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: the general term for software that is designed to damage disable or steal data is


Currency transaction Report - wikipedia Currency transaction Report Jump to : navigation , search Currency Transaction Report , March 2011 revision A currency transaction report ( CTR ) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file with FinCEN for each deposit , withdrawal , exchange of currency , or other payment or transfer , by , through , or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000 . Used in this context , currency means the coin and / or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance . Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates , U.S. notes , Federal Reserve notes , and official foreign bank notes . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Procedure 3 References 4 External links History ( edit ) When the first version of the CTR was introduced , the only way a suspicious transaction less than $10,000 was reported to the government was if a bank teller called law enforcement . This was primarily due to the financial industry 's concern about the right to financial privacy . On October 26 , 1986 , with the passage of the Money Laundering Control Act , the right to financial privacy was no longer an issue . As part of the Act , Congress had stated that a financial institution could not be held liable for releasing suspicious transactional information to law enforcement . As a result , the next version of the CTR had a suspicious transaction check box at the top . This was in effect until April 1996 when the Suspicious Activity Report ( SAR ) was introduced . Procedure ( edit ) When a transaction involving more than $10,000 in cash is processed , most banks have a system that automatically creates a CTR electronically . Tax and other information about the customer is usually pre-filled by the bank software . CTRs since 1996 include an optional checkbox at the top if the bank employee believes the transaction to be suspicious or fraudulent , commonly called a SAR , or Suspicious Activity Referral . A customer is not directly told about the $10,000 threshold unless they initiate the inquiry . A customer may decline to continue the transaction upon being informed about the CTR , but this would require the bank employee to file a SAR . Once a customer presents or asks to withdraw more than $10,000 in currency , the decision to continue the transaction must continue as originally requested and may not be reduced to avoid the filing of a CTR . For instance , if a customer reneges on their initial request to deposit or withdraw more than $10,000 in cash , and instead requests the same transaction for $9,999 , the bank employee should deny such a request and continue the transaction as originally requested by filing a CTR . This sort of attempt is known as structuring , and is punishable by federal law against both the customer and the bank employee . Those who habitually run transactions just under the $10,000 threshold will likely subject themselves to scrutiny and / or the filing of a SAR . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ 31 C.F.R. 1010.311 . Jump up ^ `` Frequently Asked Questions Regarding the FinCEN Currency Transaction Report ( CTR ) '' . fincen.gov . United States Department of the Treasury . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 03 . Jump up ^ `` Currency Transaction Reporting -- Overview '' . www.ffiec.gov . Retrieved 2013 - 05 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` Notice to Customers : A CTR Reference Guide '' ( PDF ) . fincen.gov . United States Department of the Treasury . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 03 . Jump up ^ Radcliffe , Brent ( 2015 - 06 - 24 ) . `` Currency Transaction Report - CTR '' . investopedia.com . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 03 . External links ( edit ) IRS Currency Transaction Report PDF Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Currency_transaction_report&oldid=782530710 '' Categories : United States government forms Bank Secrecy Act Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Edit links This page was last edited on 27 May 2017 , at 14 : 18 . About Wikipedia

Question: when does a currency transaction report need to be filed

each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000


Kelly Taylor ( 90210 ) - wikipedia Kelly Taylor ( 90210 ) Jump to : navigation , search Kelly Taylor Kelly , portrayed by Jennie Garth , matures from adolescence to adulthood . Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise character Portrayed by Jennie Garth Duration 1990 -- 2000 2008 -- 10 First appearance Beverly Hills , 90210 : October 4 , 1990 ( episode 1.01 : `` Class of Beverly Hills '' ) Last appearance 90210 : March 9 , 2010 ( episode 2.13 : `` Rats and Heroes '' ) Created by Darren Star Profile Occupation Owned `` Kelly Taylor Public Relations '' Partner in a clothing store Volunteer at an AIDS hospice Manager of a free clinic Guidance Counselor ( spin - off ) ( show ) Family Parents Jackie Taylor ( deceased on spin - off ) Bill Taylor Mel Silver ( step - father ) Siblings Joy Taylor ( paternal half - sister ) Erin Silver ( maternal half - sister ) David Silver ( step - brother ) Children Unnamed Child ( with Brandon Walsh ; miscarried ) Sammy ( son , with Dylan McKay ) Kelly Marlene Taylor , portrayed by Jennie Garth , is a fictional character who was the female lead of Beverly Hills , 90210 for the majority of the show 's duration . Initially presented as a `` spoiled teen vixen '' , the role was gradually expanded by producers . Subsequently , Kelly became instrumental in launching the first spin - off , was written with a more compassionate demeanor , overcame several perils and personal challenges , and attracted many romantic suitors and triangles . Appearing for the entirety of the series ' run , the character is noted for her development from youth to adulthood . Kelly appears prominently in a majority of the shows which compose the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . In addition to her role in launching the spin - off Melrose Place , Garth was the first performer from the original show to be cast in the third spin - off , 90210 . Having appeared in the most series premieres , as well as the most episodes ( 313 ) of any figure throughout the continuity , she is the de facto central character of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . Garth 's portrayal has earned recognition from critics and co-stars . In a 1995 article on the actress , TV Guide 's Mary Murphy stated that , `` Her signature role -- the sensitive , seductive , and tortured Kelly Taylor -- tapped into the very essence of teenage angst and brought her a huge cult following . '' Actors Jason Priestley , Grant Show , and Sara Foster have expressed admiration for Garth 's work . In a 2009 article , Nellie Andreeva of The Hollywood Reporter called the character of Kelly `` organic to 90210 's setting . '' Contents ( hide ) 1 Beverly Hills , 90210 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Progression 1.3 Rise in prominence 1.4 Adulthood 2 Melrose Place 3 90210 4 Reception 5 References Beverly Hills , 90210 ( edit ) Introduction ( edit ) Throughout the course of the first series , Kelly became one of the show 's most developed characters . When introduced in 1990 , she was presented as , on the surface , a stereotypical spoiled type who placed high value on posh appearances and material possessions . However , the character would become increasingly layered as the series progressed . The reasons for Kelly 's behavior first started to reveal themselves in episode 7 , `` Perfect Mom '' , when Kelly was forced to confront her mother 's drug addiction and alcoholism . Several of her friends , particularly the Walsh family and Andrea Zuckerman , first came to appreciate Kelly 's difficulties in life when they saw her handle this problem . During episode 13 , `` Slumber Party , '' Kelly revealed that she was taken advantage of by a senior during her freshmen year in high school , which had led to a promiscuous lifestyle and reputation which deeply hurt her self - esteem . The others then began to realize that Kelly had been through more difficulties than they were aware of , and later , she and Andrea would become close friends . When Andrea was pregnant and was contemplating an abortion in season 4 , Kelly was one of the primary people she reached out to . Progression ( edit ) Toward the end of the second season , Kelly met a man named Jake Hanson ( played by Grant Show ) , an emotionally guarded biker who was slightly older than she . While Jake ultimately resisted their romance , citing Kelly 's age , he admitted to admiring her for her heart and kindness . This story line was used to launch the spin - off series Melrose Place . Eventually , Kelly was revealed to have a notable conscience during a summer fling with Dylan McKay , the boyfriend of her friend Brenda , often being the voice of reason during their affair . Kelly went through a period of minor depression during her senior year in high school in season 3 . The stress of having feelings for Dylan , someone who she could not pursue because of his relationship with Brenda , added to her struggles . Even when Kelly dated Dylan out in the open , following his relationship with Brenda , it caused her to temporarily lose Brenda as a friend . Also during this time , Kelly 's mother had a new baby , Erin , got married , and put Kelly 's childhood home up for sale . Self - consciousness over her figure , along with the anxiety she began to feel , caused her to lash out emotionally , abuse diet pills , and briefly lose control over her life . The character 's physical appearance is shown to play a part in her development . At various points of the series , she won the title of Spring Princess at a dance , and was voted her school 's most beautiful girl . Kelly is aware of her appeal , but not to the point of conceit ; instead , she is sometimes shown to be troubled by it . At one point , she entered a phase where she felt that no one took her seriously , which was heightened when Dylan gave his manuscript to Andrea for review instead of to her . During this time , she began to feel that people only liked her because she was physically attractive . Creator Darren Star has commented on the character 's progression . In his DVD commentary of the episode `` Spring Dance '' , Star notes Kelly 's first attempt to romance Brandon Walsh , in which she 'd embraced her role as Spring Princess and used a largely forward and aggressive approach . He goes on to state that in the fourth season , when Kelly was prone to expressing her affections in a more gentle and compassionate manner , she made a greater impression on Brandon . While pursuing Jake on Melrose Place , a confused Kelly eventually asks , `` Do n't you think I 'm pretty ? '' This contrasts with her attitude one year later , when she becomes more interested in having others appreciate her for what lies beneath the surface . This development is standardized one additional year later , via her aforementioned second pursuit of Brandon Walsh , which ends in success . Rise in prominence ( edit ) The evolution of Kelly 's character led to developments both on - screen and off . In a 1995 article on Garth , TV Guide reported that the show 's creators made a conscious decision to place her character at center stage . An anonymous producer cites `` faith in Jennie as an actress , '' further stating that he and producer Aaron Spelling `` knew she had the chops to do it . '' This development would gradually lead to Kelly supplanting Brenda as the prominent female lead , as the former received what the producer called `` better story lines . '' Reportedly , these matters became a source of tension between Garth and Shannen Doherty , who played Brenda . Following Doherty 's final appearance on the show in 1994 , however , Garth stated , `` We were friends at work , and I miss her most of the time . '' The approach of season 3 marked the beginning of Kelly 's rise from supporting player to the main character . Ultimately , throughout the first five seasons , Kelly gained an increasing degree of screen presence and growth . Amidst her continuing development , her role in launching the spin - off , her prominent triangle with Brenda and Dylan , her later affections with male lead Brandon , and the launch of a second triangle with Brandon and Dylan , Kelly became the character that several major events or changes were based around . Additionally , she was given varying involvement in noted story lines not surrounding her -- including Dylan 's family trauma , Brenda 's acting pursuits , and David 's recovery from drug use . Her status would become standardized throughout the course of the series ' run . In addition to Melrose Place , she would later be used to help launch the third spin - off , 90210 ( with Garth being the first performer from the original show to be cast ) . This development would make Kelly Taylor the most prominent figure in the collective franchise , via the most appearances in episodes and series premieres . Shannen Doherty , who returned as Brenda in the third spin - off , reported that she and Garth , like their characters , had renewed their friendship , stating , `` Now we 're really good friends -- and I love her . '' Adulthood ( edit ) Kelly faced several difficult issues and obstacles , often with the assistance of loved ones , including her occasionally difficult home life , being trapped in a fire , being tricked into joining a cult , and becoming temporarily addicted to cocaine . In addition to many other matters , she endured getting amnesia , shooting her rapist in self - defense , becoming unexpectedly pregnant and having a miscarriage , and learning that it would be difficult for her to have children because of a condition called endometriosis . In overcoming these matters , she was able to become a better person and help others . Tori Spelling 's Donna Martin and Kathleen Robertson 's Clare Arnold were among Kelly 's best friends and roommates . Tiffani Thiessen 's Valerie , who replaced Brenda , became Kelly 's nemesis , but right before Valerie 's departure , the two women formed a truce . Kelly 's two most prominent romantic relationships were with Jason Priestley 's Brandon and Luke Perry 's Dylan . In season 5 , she was faced with making a choice between the two , as a result of Brandon proposing and Dylan confessing his feelings for her and asking her to leave with him on a trip around the world . She declined to choose between the two men at that time , instead stating , `` I choose me , '' but also affirming her love for both of them . In the seventh season , however , she finally stated that she had chosen Brandon . She nearly married Brandon , but the two decided that they were not ready . Following Jason Priestley 's departure from the series , Jennie Garth became the officially billed lead , with the character of Kelly further maturing , reuniting romantically with Dylan , and starting her own PR firm . Melrose Place ( edit ) For the launch of the series Melrose Place in 1992 , Jennie Garth made a multi-episode special guest appearance . During the final episodes of Beverly Hills , 90210 season 2 , Grant Show played his Melrose Place character Jake , who started a relationship with Kelly which led into early episodes of the spin - off . During Kelly 's appearances , her relationship with Jake was largely on - and - off due to his discomfort with her youth . In the end , after weeks of trying to break up with Kelly , Jake pretended to cheat on her , prompting her to leave him . Afterward on both Beverly Hills , 90210 and Melrose Place , Kelly , Donna , Jake , and others made occasional comments concerning Kelly and Jake 's brief relationship . 90210 ( edit ) In 2008 , Kelly Taylor returned in the spin - off 90210 , now working as a guidance counselor at her alma mater West Beverly Hills High School . It was revealed that in the intervening years , she attained a master 's degree and had a son named Sammy with Dylan . She and Dylan ended their relationship soon after . It was also revealed that West Beverly principal Harry Wilson was Kelly 's neighbor growing up . Kelly 's tenuous relationship with her mother Jackie ( Ann Gillespie ) continued in the series ' first season , with tension arising due to Jackie 's drunken negligence of Erin , a recurring character in the original series and a regular in the spin - off . She also resumed her friendship with Brenda Walsh . However , their relationship was briefly strained by Kelly 's and possibly Brenda 's lingering feelings for former boyfriend Dylan McKay , as well as Brenda sleeping with Kelly 's ex-boyfriend , Ryan Matthews , a teacher at West Beverly . Following Brenda 's discovery that she could not have children , she and Kelly made amends once again . On the night of Donna 's moving - back party , Kelly and Ryan met at a convenience store . She was told by a fortune teller that she would meet a man with a six - pack . In his hands , Ryan was holding a six - pack of beer . Kelly and Ryan then went to his apartment , where they were last seen making out . Ultimately , she and Ryan chose not to pursue a romantic relationship . In the second season , Kelly began to spend more time with Harry , much to the chagrin of his wife Debbie . It was implied that both Kelly and Harry had begun to develop feelings for each other . However , Garth refused to participate in a proposed story line involving an affair . Upon learning that Jackie was dying of cancer , Kelly was initially distant from her mother and protective of Erin ( who is commonly called by her surname Silver ) , eventually causing Silver to move out and live with Jackie . The day after Silver 's `` half - birthday , '' Jackie was admitted to the hospital . After talking to Silver , Kelly gained the strength to visit their mother . Eventually , Kelly and Jackie made amends before Jackie 's untimely death . Garth departed the series following season 2 , later citing problems with the newly appointed show - runner , Rebecca Sinclair , and the direction the show took . Although not written out after her last appearance , she was mentioned several times later in the show , indicating that she was still around looking after her sister , just not on screen . Reception ( edit ) The character Naomi Clark ( left ) , of 90210 , has been compared to Kelly Taylor . With regard to Garth 's long - running portrayal , Nellie Andreeva of The Hollywood Reporter acknowledged the character of Kelly as being `` organic to 90210 's setting '' in a 2009 article . On November 24 , 2008 , SOAPnet aired a Beverly Hills , 90210 marathon titled `` Kelly 's Leftovers '' , dedicated to the character 's love life . While discussing the Melrose Place spin - off in a 2009 interview , Grant Show , who played Jake Hanson in the original , stated that he would be open to appearing if Jennie Garth did so as Kelly Taylor . After being confirmed to direct a season 1 episode of the spin - off 90210 , Jason Priestley commented that he hoped Jennie Garth would be among the actors present . Sara Foster , who was cast as Jen Clark in the spin - off , has stated that she was excited and nervous about meeting Garth , who she 'd watched in the original series . In its biographical article on the actress , Yahoo ! states that `` playing the popular tramp - turned - good girl Kelly through the years afforded Garth the opportunity to not only grow up on camera in front of America , but to fully develop her character and improve her acting chops each season . '' Additionally , Kelly Taylor has been cited by the media as an inspiration for the character Naomi Clark ( AnnaLynne McCord ) , introduced in 90210 . On September 2 , 2010 ( 9 / 02 / 10 ) , Reuters.com featured an article on the original series , quoting a Twitter message in which Garth stated , `` Love to the original cast and crew . And the new kids too . '' References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Jennie Garth : Biography '' . MSN . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Murphy , Mary ( April 8 , 1995 ) . `` Jennie Garth : From the Heart '' . TV Guide . access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : `` Jason Priestley ' Really Looking Forward ' to 90210 Return '' . TV Guide . Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Is Another 90210 Reunion In Store ? '' . TV Guide . Retrieved March 15 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Ghosh , Korbi ( May 5 , 2009 ) . `` 90210 : Sara Foster 's Jen Clark is Beverly Hills ' new bad girl '' . Zap2it . Retrieved July 3 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie . `` Regime Change at CW 's 90210 '' . Media Week . Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Perfect Mom ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Slumber Party ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Heartbreaker ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved April 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Melrose Place ' Pilot ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved June 22 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Shooting Star ' / ' American in Paris ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Rebel With a Cause ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Perfectly Perfect ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Senior Poll ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 The Complete First Season DVD Menu '' . Amazon.com . Retrieved April 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Spring Dance ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved April 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Mr. Walsh Goes to Washington ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved April 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Browne , David ( September 23 , 1994 ) . `` 90210 What Becomes a Legend Most ? '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved July 28 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Take Back the Night ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Back in the High Life Again ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved April 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Mr. Walsh Goes to Washington ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Hello Life , Goodbye Beverly Hills ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' The Child is Father to the Man ' '' . Yahoo !. Retrieved July 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' The Labors of Love ' '' . Yahoo !. Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Aradillas , Elaine ( May 10 , 2008 ) . `` It 's Official : Jennie Garth Joins the New 90210 '' . People . Retrieved August 22 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Jennie Garth Credit Listings '' . Yahoo !. Retrieved June 22 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Jennie Garth Credits '' . TV Guide . Retrieved June 22 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Dowd , Kathy ( April 24 , 2009 ) . `` Shannen Doherty Says No to More 90210 '' . TV Guide . Retrieved July 28 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Stormy Weather ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved July 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Nancy 's Choice ' '' . MSN . Retrieved July 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Coming Home ' '' . MSN . Retrieved July 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' The Phantom Menace ' '' . MSN . Retrieved July 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Mother 's Day ' '' . MSN . Retrieved July 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Friends , Lovers and Children ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved July 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' You Say Goodbye , I Say Hello ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' The Long Goodbye ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Beverly Hills , 90210 , ' Morning After ' '' . MSN . Retrieved July 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Melrose Place , ' Lost and Found ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` 90210 , ' We 're Not in Kansas Anymore , ' ' The Jet Set ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` 90210 , ' Lucky Strike ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` 90210 , ' That Which We Destroy ' '' . Zap2it . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` 90210 , ' Hello , Goodbye , Amen ' '' . Zap2it . Archived from the original on March 28 , 2009 . Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` 90210 , ' Between a Sign and a Hard Place ' '' . TV Guide . Retrieved June 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Nededog , Jethro ( January 20 , 2010 ) . `` 90210 : The CW confirms Rob Estes is leaving the show '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` 90210 went in wrong direction , says Garth '' . hollywoodnews.com . February 5 , 2011 . Retrieved February 8 , 2011 . Jump up ^ 90210 online viewing The CW . ( official website ) . Retrieved : 2010 - 05 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Kelly 's Leftovers '' . SoapNet . Archived from the original on April 9 , 2009 . Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Jennie Garth '' . Yahoo !. Retrieved April 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` AnnaLynne McCord Joins CW 's 90210 Spinoff '' . Chicago Tribune . April 15 , 2008 . Retrieved November 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` 90210 : Then and Now '' . TV Guide . Retrieved June 22 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Ng , Philiana ; Lesley Goldberg ( September 2 , 2010 ) . `` Catching up with Beverly Hills , 90210 '' . Reuters . Retrieved September 2 , 2010 . Beverly Hills , 90210 Beverly Hills , 90210 ( 1990 -- 2000 ) Seasons 5 6 7 8 9 10 Characters Donna Martin Dylan McKay Kelly Taylor Brenda Walsh Melrose Place ( 1992 -- 99 ) Seasons 5 6 7 Characters Jane Mancini Michael Mancini Matt Fielding Jake Hanson Jo Reynolds Amanda Woodward Sydney Andrews Kimberly Shaw Lexi Sterling 90210 ( 2008 -- 2013 ) Seasons `` We 're Not in Kansas Anymore '' 5 Characters Naomi Clark Erin Silver Adrianna Tate - Duncan Teddy Montgomery Other series Models Inc. ( 1994 -- 1995 ) Melrose Place ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Taylor_(90210)&oldid=805833966 '' Categories : 90210 ( TV series ) characters Amnesia in fiction Beverly Hills , 90210 characters Child characters in television Fictional businesspeople Fictional characters from Los Angeles County Fictional characters introduced in 1990 Fictional drug addicts Fictional school counselors Fictional sexual assault victims Teenage characters in television Hidden categories : Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Pages using deprecated image syntax Talk Contents About Wikipedia Dansk Italiano Nederlands Polski Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 17 October 2017 , at 22 : 44 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . 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Question: who played kelly taylor's mom on 90210


Alistair ( Dragon Age ) - wikipedia Alistair ( Dragon Age ) Jump to : navigation , search Alistair Dragon Age character Alistair , as he appears in Dragon Age : Origins First appearance Dragon Age : Origins Voiced by Steve Valentine Alistair is a fictional character from BioWare 's Dragon Age franchise , first appearing as a companion and party member in Origins . Alistair is the first full companion the player gets if they do n't choose the Human Noble origin ( and the second if they do ) , and is a fellow Grey Warden alongside the player character . Over the course of the game , Alistair is revealed to be the heir to Ferelden 's throne , and may be put on as king . It is also possible to sacrifice him at the end of the game against the archdemon . In addition to Origins , Alistair also appears in the game 's expansion pack Awakening ( if placed as king during Origins ) , the Darkspawn Chronicles DLC , Dragon Age II , and the Silent Grove comic series . Alistair has received positive reception , mainly for his sarcastic remarks and romance . However , some writers have compared him to previous BioWare companions , such as Knights of the Old Republic 's Carth Onasi . Contents ( hide ) 1 Concept and characteristics 2 Appearances 2.1 In Dragon Age : Origins 2.2 Other appearances 3 Reception 4 References Concept and characteristics ( edit ) Alistair was mainly written by David Gaider -- the lead writer of Origins -- and is voiced by Steve Valentine . Alistair is a relatively new Grey Warden , who are a group devoted to fighting darkspawn . He 's believed to be the secret son of King Maric and a serving girl , and was originally raised in Redcliffe Castle by Arl Eamon after his mother 's death . However , he was later given to the Chantry for training as a templar , a military order who are trained to kill `` apostates '' ( mages outside of the Circle of Magi ) and watch over the Circle of Magi . Alistair is described as having a `` wry sense of humor '' , and makes many sarcastic remarks during the game . If the player chooses to be female , Alistair can be romanced . In an interview with GameZone , David Gaider said that Alistair was a bit of a `` woo - bie '' and that his romance was `` very cute '' . However , Gaider said that he would n't want to have another Alistair - like romance in the interest of originality . Alistair was originally written to be a `` grizzled Grey Warden veteran '' , as per Dragon Age 's original lead designer James Ohlen . However , such a character would be unlikely not to lead , and the character would have to start out at a low level . Gaider changed the character , and drew some inspiration from the characters Xander Harris and Mal Reynolds . Similarly , Gaider also originally wanted to have Mal 's actor Nathan Fillion voice the character , but decided against it as he would have had to perform an English accent . However , Gaider was still pleased with Valentine 's voicing . Appearances ( edit ) In Dragon Age : Origins ( edit ) Alistair first appears in Dragon Age : Origins as a companion once the player reaches Ostagar ( where the Grey Wardens are preparing for a battle against the darkspawn ) . Being a junior Grey Warden , he accompanies the player for their `` Joining '' to the Grey Wardens . After Loghain abandons the battle at Ostagar , leaving the Grey Wardens and King Cailan to die , he and the player are rescued by Flemeth . Being the last Grey Wardens in Ferelden , and all other Wardens being too far away to reach , the player and he must use Grey Warden contracts to demand help from certain groups against the darkspawn . Alistair also suggests contacting Arl Eamon , who resides in Redcliffe , to help convince the other nobles to help the player . Upon entering Redcliffe , Alistair will tell the player how he is actually the heir to the crown , but was hidden due to being a bastard and instead brought up by Eamon . He also expresses no wish to be king . He will then tell the player about his long - lost sister Goldanna , who lives in Denerim , and will ask to meet her . If brought to Goldanna , she will reject him , and the player may `` harden '' Alistair and tell him to stand up for himself more . After all the forces have been recruited by the player , Arl Eamon will call the `` Landsmeet '' , a meeting between all of the nobles . The player will have to challenge Loghain 's current regency by eroding the noble 's support of him . After attending the Landsmeet , Alistair may either be made king , or Anora ( King Cailan 's wife ) may be made queen . Alternatively , the player may choose to arrange a marriage between Anora and Alistair , though the latter requires persuading . If Alistair had been `` hardened '' , he will reconsider and be less anxious of becoming king . The player may also either spare or kill Loghain . If Loghain is spared , Alistair will become so disgusted he will leave the player . If Anora is made queen and not married to Alistair , she will call for Alistair 's execution if Loghain is spared . The player may interject and stop Anora , or let him be executed . If Alistair is spared , he is exiled and becomes a wandering drunk . If Loghain is killed and Alistair is not made king , he will simply return to being a Grey Warden . Finally , if Loghain was not spared and Alistair remained in the party , he may sacrifice himself killing the Archdemon -- who destroys the soul of any Grey Warden who kills it -- unless the player agrees to Morrigan 's proposal or kills the Archdemon themselves . Alistair will have a short appearance in Origin 's expansion pack Awakening if placed as king during Origins . Alistair also appears in the game 's Darkspawn Chronicles DLC as the final boss , with it being an alternate version of the game where the player character dies at the start and Alistair is left in charge , and the player playing as the darkspawn . At the end of the DLC , the darkspawn successfully kill Alistair and destroy Ferelden . Other appearances ( edit ) This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( January 2013 ) Alistair makes a cameo appearance in Dragon Age II unless the player imports a save from Origins where he was executed . If he remains a Grey Warden , he will appear during the Qunari invasion and tell Hawke that he regrets the Grey Wardens can not help against the Qunari . If made king , he will briefly appear arguing with Meredith , head of the templars in Kirkwall . If exiled , he will become a drunk at `` The Hanged Man '' , where Bann Teagan will show up and tell him he can return to Ferelden . Alistair is the main protagonist of The Silent Grove , a digital comic series . Alistair also returns in Dragon Age : Inquisition as the King of Ferelden or a Grey Warden unless the player imports a world state from Dragon Age Keep where he died or became a drunk . If made king , he will make a brief appearance after the Inquisitor confronts Alexius in Redcliffe . If he remains as a Grey Warden , he will be contacted by Hawke ( protagonist of Dragon Age II ) . He was branded a traitor by the Warden - Commander Clarel due to his opposition of using blood magic to stop the Blight . Afterwards , he will be trapped alongside the Inquisitor and Hawke in the Fade . Depending on the player 's choice , Alistair will sacrifice himself to help the Inquisitor to escape the Fade by battling a nightmare blocking the Fade 's exit . Alternatively , the player can choose to sacrifice Hawke , in which case Alistair survives and will send a report to the headquarters of the Grey Wardens in Weisshaupt Fortress . Reception ( edit ) This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2013 ) GamesRadar 's staff placed him at number 37 in a list of the 50 best game characters of the generation , commenting `` Dragon Age : Origins had plenty of memorable characters , but chief among them was the would - be bastard king Alistair . '' Rock , Paper , Shotgun 's Alec Meer liked Alistair , and commented that he had some nice comic deflections . Eurogamer 's Oli Welsh noted that Alistair and Morrigan the `` stars '' of the game 's companions , but criticized their storylines as being `` contrived '' . The wooden dialogue and stiff animation was also mentioned . Rock , Paper , Shotgun 's Alec believed that Alistair , along with Shale , brought needed levity to the otherwise grim world of Dragon Age , describing the both of them as the game 's most vital voices . Mike Fahey , writing for Kotaku , praised Alistair as having some of the most amusing lines in the game during his review of Origins . Fahey particularly praised Steve Valentine 's voice acting , calling Alistair 's voice his favourite in the game and noting that many of Alistair 's lines would have fallen flat were it not for Valentine 's timing . During an interview with Ray Muzyka ( the co-founder and CEO of BioWare ) , VideoGamer. com 's interviewer said that while he did n't like Alistair at first he grew to like him and his humour , although Muzyka himself did not like the character . Kirk Hamilton , also writing for Kotaku , called Alistair one of his favorite characters , and looked forward to seeing how he got on with the `` worldly '' Isabella during The Silent Grove . John Walker , writing for PC Gamer , believed that his friendship with Alistair had an `` echo of reality '' , and felt that his sarcasm plus balancing his emotions and bravado `` continue ( d ) to resonate '' . Walker also praised the conversations he had with Morrigan . Meer felt that Alistair and Morrigan 's bickering evoked sexual tension , wishing they would just `` get it on '' . Kieron from Rock , Paper , Shotgun also wished to be able to set them up together . Meer also commented that Alistair made him wish he had made his character female , believing him to be a better love interest than Morrigan due to his cheery put - downs rather than her `` snide oh - I 'm - bit - naughty - me line '' . Kieron believed that Alistair was BioWare 's best attempt at a male romantic lead , being `` good without - out being entirely punchable '' . While romancing Alistair , Edge 's Chris Dahlen found he related more to Alistair than his female mage player character , and noted many similarities between his life growing up and Alistair . He also put some blame on him being male . Wesley Yin - Poole , writing for VideoGamer.com , felt that the sex scene with Alistair was short and unerotic , calling it an example of video games still needed to learn how to do sex . Walker again , this time writing for Rock , Paper , Shotgun , commented how when playing his male character his heart was always with Alistair , and felt like he was `` using '' Zevran when he romanced him . In an article on video game romances , 1UP.com commented on how Alistair grew and developed with the player , despite beginning as an uncertain `` somewhat naive soldier '' . Natania Barron , writing for Wired GeekMom column , commented that there was something `` devious and devillish '' about romancing him due to his ex-Templar roots . Barron also mentioned how , after making him king , she was willing to restart the game as a Human Noble when she found out he would break up with her elf and that she `` honestly cared '' about securing his marriage . Barron favorably compared his romance to Anders ' from Dragon Age II , saying that she `` settled '' for him and most likely chose him because he reminded her of Alistair . Kotaku republished a post by a gay modder who had made Alistair think his character was female , who felt unable to play the game for a month after Alistair broke up with him as king for not being able to produce an heir ( because of the darkspawn taint ) . Meer commented on BioWare 's repeated use of themes and called Alistair Dragon Age 's `` Carth '' ; mentioning how he is the first person you recruit , had a heart of gold and is the main female love interest . However , he did note how Alistair was n't as `` drippy '' as Carth , and how he was more someone you could have a conversation with . During a criticism of BioWare 's games , GameZone 's Dave Snell believed that many characters were too similar , specifically calling both Carth and Alistair the `` snarky young upstart '' . John Walker , this time writing for Rock , Paper , Shotgun , felt that Alistair bucked the trend of BioWare making all the starting companions tedious . Similarly , several writers compared Anders to Alistair . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : BioWare ( 2009 - 11 - 03 ) . Dragon Age : Origins . Electronic Arts . Alistair : Wait . Let me . There 's no need for you to die . This is my duty . I should be the one to kill it . ^ Jump up to : Alec Meer ( May 19 , 2010 ) . `` Anti-Alistair : Darkspawn Chronicles Is Out '' . Rock , Paper , Shotgun . Retrieved May 29 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Raychul . `` The Conclusion of the Dragon Age : Origins Saga '' . GameZone . Retrieved May 29 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Brenna Hillier ( October 18 , 2011 ) . `` Dragon Age comic series inbound via Dark Horse '' . VG247 . Retrieved May 29 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Hugh Armitage ( May 2 , 2012 ) . `` Dark Horse , BioWare unveil ' Dragon Age ' comic '' . Digital Spy . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ David Gaider . `` Writers of Dragon Age '' . BioWare Social Network . Retrieved May 29 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Tyler Nagata ( October 9 , 2009 ) . `` Dragon Age : Origins - blood party '' . GamesRadar . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : BioWare ( 2009 - 11 - 03 ) . Dragon Age : Origins . Electronic Arts . Alistair : I told you before how Arl Eamon raised me , right ? That my mother was a serving girl at the castle and he took me in ? The reason he did that was because ... well , because my father was King Maric . Which made Cailan my ... half - brother , I suppose . Jump up ^ `` Alistair '' . Official character page . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Joe Newman ( January 6 , 2010 ) . `` Dragon Age : Origins - romance and recruitment guide '' . GamesRadar . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Dragon Age II 's David Gaider Reveals Stance on In - Game Romances '' . GameZone . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ David Gaider . `` For Mal Reynolds I 'd do anything - but not for you , Alistair '' . BioWare Social Network . Retrieved December 21 , 2012 . Jump up ^ David Gaider . `` Nathan Fillion is ( apparently not ) an Elf '' . BioWare Social Network . Retrieved December 21 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Dragon Age Inquisition - Meeting Grey Warden Alistair '' . YouTube . Retrieved December 30 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Best game characters of the generation '' . GamesRadar . Retrieved May 19 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Alec Meer ( November 9 , 2009 ) . `` Rock Lord : Dragon Age 's Number One Guy '' . Rock , Paper , Shotgun . Retrieved May 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Oil Welsh ( November 3 , 2009 ) . `` Dragon Age : Origins Review '' . Eurogamer . Retrieved May 29 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Games Of Christmas : December 24th '' . Rock , Paper , Shotgun . December 24 , 2009 . Retrieved May 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Mike Fahey ( November 3 , 2009 ) . `` Dragon Age : Origins Review : Tripping The Blight Fantastic '' . Kotaku . Retrieved May 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Dragon Age : Origins : A retrospective with Ray Muzyka '' . VideoGamer.com . November 16 , 2009 . p. 3 . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Kirk Hamilton ( October 17 , 2011 ) . `` It 's Canon : Alistair Became King in Dragon Age : Origins '' . Kotaku . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : John Walker . `` Dragon Age : Origins Review '' . PC Gamer . Retrieved May 31 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Chris Dahlen ( November 25 , 2009 ) . `` Chasing Alistair '' . Edge . Retrieved May 29 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` VideoGamer.com Plays '' . VideoGamer.com. April 18 , 2010 . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ John Walker ( February 7 , 2011 ) . `` Dragon Age II Is Mature '' . Rock , Paper , Shotgun . Retrieved July 4 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Kat Bailey . `` The Uncanny Valley of Love '' . 1UP.com . Archived from the original on July 7 , 2013 . Retrieved July 4 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Natania Barron ( April 15 , 2011 ) . `` An Ode to Alistair : Love , Lust , and Loss in Fereldan '' . Wired . Retrieved July 6 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Robert Yang ( August 2 , 2010 ) . `` Dragon Age : Origins Is The First Game About Gay Marriage & The Power of Mods '' . Kotaku . Retrieved July 6 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Dave Snell . `` Why I  ́ m bored with Bioware '' . GameZone . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ John Walker ( March 31 , 2011 ) . `` Thoughts : What Went Wrong In Dragon Age II '' . Rock , Paper , Shotgun . Retrieved May 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Andrew Burnes ( February 3 , 2010 ) . `` Dragon Age : Origins - Awakening Screenshots '' . VE3D . Archived from the original on February 8 , 2010 . Retrieved July 6 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Thierry Nguyen ( March 16 , 2010 ) . `` Dragon Age : Origins - Awakening Review '' . 1UP.com . Retrieved July 6 , 2012 . 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