Rashidun - wikipedia Rashidun Jump to : navigation , search ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The neutrality of this article is disputed . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met . ( June 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Part of a series on Islam Beliefs ( show ) Oneness of God Prophets Revealed books Angels Predestination Day of Resurrection Practices ( show ) Profession of faith Prayer Fasting Alms - giving Pilgrimage Texts and laws ( show ) Quran Sunnah Hadith Sharia ( law ) Fiqh ( jurisprudence ) Kalam ( dialectic ) History ( hide ) Timeline Muhammad Ahl al - Bayt Sahabah Rashidun Imamate Caliphate Spread of Islam Culture and society ( show ) Calendar Festivals Academics Art Moral teachings Children Denominations Feminism Women Madrasa Mosque Philosophy Politics Proselytizing Animals LGBT Science Demographics Economics Finance Social welfare Related topics ( show ) Criticism of Islam Islam and other religions Islamism Islamophobia Glossary Islam portal ( hide ) Part of a series on Sunni Islam Beliefs ( show ) Monotheism Prophets and messengers Holy books Angels Judgement Day Predestination Five Pillars ( show ) Declaration of Faith Prayer Charity Fasting Pilgrimage Rightly - Guided Caliphs ( show ) Abu Bakr Umar ibn al - Khattab Uthman ibn Affan Ali ibn Abi Talib Sunni schools of law ( show ) Hanafi Maliki Shafi'i Hanbali Others Zahiri Awza'i Thawri Laythi Jariri Sunni schools of theology ( show ) Ash'ari Maturidi Traditionalist Others : Mu'tazila Murji'ah Contemporary movements ( show ) Ahl - i Hadith Al - Ahbash Barelvi Deobandi Islamic Modernism Salafi movement Wahhabism Holy sites ( show ) Jerusalem Mecca Medina Mount Sinai Lists ( show ) Literature Kutub al - Sittah Islam portal The Rashidun Caliphs ( Rightly Guided Caliphs ; Arabic : الخلفاء الراشدون  al - Khulafāʾu ar - Rāshidūn ) , often simply called , collectively , `` the Rashidun '' , is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30 - year reign of the first four caliphs ( successors ) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , namely : Abu Bakr , Umar , Uthman ibn Affan , and Ali of the Rashidun Caliphate , the first caliphate . The concept of `` Rightly Guided Caliphs '' originated with the later Abbasid Caliphate based in Baghdad . It is a reference to the Sunni imperative `` Hold firmly to my example ( sunnah ) and that of the Rightly Guided Caliphs '' ( Ibn Majah , Abu Dawood ) . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Abu Bakr 1.2 Umar ibn al - Khattab 1.3 Uthman ibn Affan 1.4 Ali ibn Abi Talib 2 Military expansion 3 Social policies 3.1 Civil activities 3.2 Settlements 4 Muslim views 4.1 Sunni perspectives 4.2 Shi'ite tradition 5 Timeline 6 See also 7 Notes 8 External links History ( edit ) The names of the first four caliphs inscribed at the dome of Yeni Mosque in Eminönü , Istanbul . Construction was begun during the regency of Safiye Sultan and completed by Turhan Hatice Valide Sultan , the mother of Sultan Mehmed IV . The first four Caliphs who ruled after the death of Muhammad are often described as the `` Khulafāʾ Rāshidūn '' . The Rashidun were either elected by a council ( see the election of Uthman and Islamic democracy ) or chosen based on the wishes of their predecessor . In the order of succession , the Rāshidūn were : Abu Bakr ( 632 -- 634 CE ) . Umar ibn al - Khattab , ( Umar І , 634 -- 644 CE ) -- Umar is often spelled Omar in some Western scholarship . Uthman ibn Affan ( 644 -- 656 CE ) -- Uthman is often spelled Othman ( or Osman ) in some non-Arabic scholarship . Ali ibn Abi Talib ( 656 -- 661 CE ) -- During this period however , Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan ( Muawiyah I ) controlled the Levant and Egypt regions independently of Ali . In addition to this , there are several views regarding additional rashidun : Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib , who was the eldest son of Fatimah the daughter of Muhammad , briefly succeeded his father Ali as caliph in 661 CE and is recognized by several historians as part of the Rashidun . Hasan ibn Ali abdicated his right to the caliphate in favour of Muawiyah I in order to end the potential for ruinous civil war . ` Umar ibn ` Abdul - ` Aziz , who was one of the Umayyad caliphs , has often been regarded by Sunni historians as one of the Rashidun , as quoted by Taftazani . More rarely , the Ottoman caliph Fatih Sultan Mehmed ( Mehmed II ) is also sometimes regarded to be among the rightly guided caliphs . In the Ibadi tradition however , only the first two caliphs , Abu Bakr and Umar are considered to be the `` Two Rightly Guided Caliphs '' . Ibn Hajar al - Asqalani also includes the Abbassid caliphs , including Harun al - Rashid , in his enumeration . Abu Bakr ( edit ) Main article : Abu Bakr Abu Bakr ( Abdullah ibn Abi Qahafa , ( Arabic : عبد الله ابن أبي قحافة  , translit . ` Abdullāh bin Abī Quhāfah ) , c. 573 CE unknown exact date 634 / 13 AH ) was a senior companion ( Sahabi ) and the father - in - law of Muhammad . He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 - 634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad 's death . As caliph , Abu Bakr succeeded to the political and administrative functions previously exercised by Muhammad , since the religious function and authority of prophethood ended with Muhammad 's death according to Islam . Abu Bakr was called As - Siddiq ( Arabic : اَلـصِّـدِّيْـق  , `` The Truthful '' ) , and was known by that title among later generations of Muslims . He prevented the recently converted Muslims from dispersing , kept the community united , and consolidated Islamic grip on the region by containing the Ridda , while extending the Dar Al Islam all the way to the Red Sea . Umar ibn al - Khattab ( edit ) Main article : Umar Umar Family ( hide ) Family tree of Umar Umm Kulthum bint Ali ( Wife ) Abdullah ibn Umar ( son ) Hafsa bint Umar ( Daughter ) Asim ibn Umar ( son ) Views ( hide ) Sunni view of Umar Ten Promised Paradise Shi'a view of Umar Related articles ( hide ) Rashidun Caliph Succession to Muhammad Succession to Abu Bakr Military conquests Reforms ( Pact of Umar ) Category Islam portal Umar ( Arabic : عمر ابن الخطاب  , translit . ` Umar ibn al - Khattāb , c. 586 -- 590 -- 644 ) c. 2 Nov . ( Dhu al - Hijjah 26 , 23 Hijri ) was a leading companion and adviser to Muhammad , and became the second Muslim caliph after Muhammad 's death and ruled for 10 years . He succeeded Abu Bakr on 23 August 634 as the second caliph , and played a significant role in Islam . Under Umar the Islamic empire expanded at an unprecedented rate ruling the whole Sassanid Persian Empire and more than two thirds of the Eastern Roman Empire . His legislative abilities , his firm political and administrative control over a rapidly expanding empire and his brilliantly coordinated multi-prong attacks against the Sassanid Persian Empire that resulted in the conquest of the Persian empire in less than two years , marked his reputation as a great political and military leader . Among his conquests are Jerusalem , Damascus , and Egypt . He was killed by a Persian captive . Uthman ibn Affan ( edit ) Main article : Uthman ibn Affan Uthman The Generous -- ( Al Ghani ) Related articles ( hide ) Rashidun Caliph Family tree of Uthman The election Siege of Uthman Uthman Quran Military campaigns under Caliph Uthman Category Islam portal ` Uthman ( Arabic : عثمان ابن عفان  , translit . ` Uthmān ibn ` Affān ) ( c. 579 -- 17 July 656 ) was one of the companions of Muhammad . Uthman was born into the Umayyad clan of Mecca , a powerful family of the Quraysh tribe . He became caliph at the age of 70 . Under his leadership , the empire expanded into Fars ( present - day Iran ) in 650 and some areas of Khorasan ( present - day Afghanistan ) in 651 , and the conquest of Armenia was begun in the 640s . His rule ended when he was assassinated . Uthman is perhaps best known for forming the committee which compiled the basic text of the Quran as it exists today , based on text that had been gathered separately on parchment , bones and rocks during the lifetime of Muhammad and also on a copy of the Quran that had been collated by Abu Bakr and left with Muhammad 's widow after Abu Bakr 's death . The committee members were also reciters of the Quran and had memorised the entire text during the lifetime of Muhammad . This work was undertaken due to the vast expansion of Islam under Uthman 's rule , which encountered many different dialects and languages . This had led to variant readings of the Quran for those converts who were not familiar with the language . After clarifying any possible errors in pronunciation or dialects , Uthman sent copies of the sacred text to each of the Muslim cities and garrison towns , and destroyed variant texts . Ali ibn Abi Talib ( edit ) Main articles : Ali as Caliph and First Fitna Part of a series on Ali Views ( show ) Sunni view of Ali Shi'a view of Ali Life ( show ) Marital life Birthplace First Fitna Assassination Timeline of Ali 's life Alids Hadith of the pond of Khumm Legacy ( show ) Nahj al - Balagha Al - Ghadir Qalam - e-Mowla Zulfiqar Imam Ali Mosque Ghurar al - Hikam wa Durar al - Kalim Perspectives ( show ) Military career of Ali Ali as Caliph The Fourteen Infallibles Imam ( The Twelve Imams ) Ali in the Qur'an Related articles ( show ) Rashidun Caliph ( Rashidun Caliph ) Succession to Muhammad Category Islam portal Ali ( Arabic : علي ابن أبي طالب  , translit . ` Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ) was a cousin of Muhammad . He was the second companion of Muhammad after Khadijah to accept Islam . He was only 10 years old at the time of his conversion . At the age of 21 , he married Fatimah , Muhammed 's youngest daughter by Khadijah bint Khuwaylid , and became a son - in - law of Muhammed . He had three sons ( Hasan , Husayn , and Muhsin ) and two daughters ( Umm Kulthum and Zaynab ) with Fatimah . He was a scribe of the Quran , who kept a written copy of it , and memorized its verses as soon as they were revealed . During the Khilafat ( Arabic : خِـلَافَـة  , Caliphate ) of Uthman , Umar and Abu Bakr , he was part of the Majlis ash - Shura ( Arabic : مَـجْـلِـس الـشُّـوْرَى  ) and took care of Medina in their absence . After the death of Uthman , Medina was in political chaos for a number of days . After four days , when the rebels who assassinated Uthman felt that it was necessary that a new Khalifa should be elected before they left Medina , Many of the companions approached Ali to take the role of caliph , which he refused to do initially . The rebels then offered Khilafat to Talha and Zubair , who also refused . The Ansars also declined their offer to choose a new Khalifah . Thus , the rebels threatened to take drastic measures if a new Khalifah was not chosen within 24 hours . To resolve the issue , all Muslim leaders gathered at the mosque of the Prophet . They all agreed that the best person who fit all the qualities of a Caliph was Ali . Therefore , Ali was persuaded into taking the post . Talha and Zubair and some others then performed Bayʿah ( Arabic : بَـيْـعَـة  , Oath of allegiance , literally a `` sale '' or `` commercial transaction '' ) at Ali 's hand , followed by a general Bayʿah on 25th of Dhil - Hijjah , 656 CE . After his appointment as caliph , Ali dismissed several provincial governors , some of whom were relatives of Uthman , and replaced them with trusted aides such as Malik al - Ashtar . Ali then transferred his capital from Medina to Kufa , the Muslim garrison city in what is now Iraq . The capital of the province of Syria , that is Damascus , was governed by Mu'awiyah , who was a kinsman of Uthman , Ali 's slain predecessor . His caliphate coincided with the First Fitna ( civil war when Muslims were divided over who had the legitimate right to occupy the caliphate ) . and which was ended , on the whole , by Mu'awiyah's assumption of the caliphate . Ali was assassinated , and died on the 21st of Ramadan in the city of Kufa ( Iraq ) in 661 CE by Abd - al - Rahman ibn Muljam , a Kharijite who was later pardoned and left by Ali 's son and successor , Hasan , according to Ali 's will . Military expansion ( edit ) Main article : Rashidun Caliphate § Military expansion Further information : Arab -- Byzantine wars The Rashidun Caliphate greatly expanded Islam beyond Arabia , conquering all of Persia , besides Syria ( 637 ) , Armenia ( 639 ) , Egypt ( 639 ) and Cyprus ( 654 ) . Social policies ( edit ) During his reign , Abu Bakr established the Bayt al - Mal ( state treasury ) . Umar expanded the treasury and established a government building to administer the state finances . Upon conquest , in almost all cases , the caliphs were burdened with the maintenance and construction of roads and bridges in return for the conquered nation 's political loyalty . Civil activities ( edit ) Civil welfare in Islam started in the form of the construction and purchase of wells . During the caliphate , the Muslims repaired many of the aging wells in the lands they conquered . In addition to wells , the Muslims built many tanks and canals . Many canals were purchased , and new ones constructed . While some canals were excluded for the use of monks ( such as a spring purchased by Talhah ) , and the needy , most canals were open to general public use . Some canals were constructed between settlements , such as the Saad canal that provided water to Anbar , and the Abi Musa Canal to provide water to Basra . During a famine , Umar ibn al - Khattab ordered the construction of a canal in Egypt connecting the Nile with the sea . The purpose of the canal was to facilitate the transport of grain to Arabia through a sea - route , hitherto transported only by land . The canal was constructed within a year by ' Amr ibn al - ' As , and Abdus Salam Nadiv writes that `` Arabia was rid of famine for all the times to come . '' After four floods hit Mecca after Muhammad 's death , Umar ordered the construction of two dams to protect the Kaaba . He also constructed a dam near Medina to protect its fountains from flooding . Settlements ( edit ) The area of Basra was very sparsely populated when it was conquered by the Muslims . During the reign of Umar , the Muslim army found it a suitable place to construct a base . Later the area was settled and a mosque was erected . Upon the conquest of Madyan , it was settled by Muslims . However , soon the environment was considered harsh , and Umar ordered the resettlement of the 40,000 settlers to Kufa . The new buildings were constructed from mud bricks instead of reeds , a material that was popular in the region , but caught fire easily . During the conquest of Egypt the area of Fustat was used by the Muslim army as a base . Upon the conquest of Alexandria , the Muslims returned and settled in the same area . Initially the land was primarily used for pasture , but later buildings were constructed . Other already populated areas were greatly expanded . At Mosul , Arfaja al - Bariqi , at the command of Umar , constructed a fort , a few churches , a mosque and a locality for the Jewish population . Muslim views ( edit ) The first four caliphs are particularly significant to modern intra-Islamic debates : for Sunni Muslims , they are models of righteous rule ; for Shia Muslims , the first three of the four were usurpers . It is prudent to note here that accepted traditions of both Sunni and Shia Muslims detail disagreements and tensions between the four rightly guided caliphs . Sunni perspectives ( edit ) They were called the `` Rightly - Guided '' because they have been seen as model Muslim leaders by Sunni Muslims . This terminology came into a general use around the world , since Sunni Islam has been the dominant Islamic tradition , and for a long time it has been considered the most authoritative source of information about Islam in the Western world . They were all close companions of Muhammad , and his relatives : the daughters of Abu Bakr and Umar were married to Muhammad , and three of Muhammad 's daughters were married to Uthman and Ali . Likewise , their succession was not hereditary , something that would become the custom after them , beginning with the subsequent Umayyad Caliphate . Council decision or caliph 's choice determined the successor originally . Sunnis have long viewed the period of the Rashidun as exemplary and a system of governance -- based upon Islamic righteousness and merit -- they seek to emulate . Sunnis also equate this system with the worldly success that was promised by Allah , in the Quran and hadith , to those Muslims who pursued His pleasure ; this spectacular success has further added to the emulatory appeal of the Rashidun era . Shi'ite tradition ( edit ) According to Shi'ite Islam , the first caliph should have been Ali , followed by other Shi'ite Imams , like his sons Hasan and Husayn . Shi'te Muslims support this claim with ahadith like those of Ghadir Khumm ( Arabic : غَـدِيْـر خُـمّ  Pond of Khumm ) , his relationship to Muhammad being similar to that between Hārūn ( Arabic : هَـارُوْن  , Aaron ) and Mūsā ( Arabic : مُـوْسَى  , Moses ) . Timeline ( edit ) Note that a caliph 's succession does not necessarily occur on the first day of the new year . See also ( edit ) Hadith of the ten promised paradise The Four Companions Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ admin@inter-islam.org . `` Taraweeh : 8 or 20 ? '' . Inter-islam.org . Retrieved 2014 - 04 - 16 . ^ Jump up to : شبارو , عصام محمد ( 1995 ) . First Islamic Arab State ( 1 -- 41 AH / 623 -- 661 CE ) . 3 . Arab Renaissance House -- Beirut , Lebanon . p. 370 . ^ Jump up to : Madelung , Wilferd ( 1997 ) . The Succession to Muhammad : A Study of the Early Caliphate . Cambridge University Press . ISBN 0 - 521 - 64696 - 0 . Jump up ^ `` The Four Caliphs -- SHAYKH AL ISLAM '' . Islam786.org . Retrieved 2014 - 04 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Abu Bakr - Muslim caliph '' . ^ Jump up to : Juan Eduardo Campo , `` Encyclopedia of Islam '' , Infobase Publishing , 2009 Jump up ^ Ibn Kathir , `` al - Bidayah wa al - Nihayah '' , part 7 . Jump up ^ Ahmed , Nazeer , Islam in Global History : From the Death of Prophet Muhammad to the First World War , American Institute of Islamic History and Cul , 2001 , p. 34 . ISBN 0 - 7388 - 5963 - X . Jump up ^ Hourani , p. 23 . Jump up ^ `` The Caliphate '' . Jewishvirtuallibrary.org . Retrieved 2014 - 04 - 16 . Jump up ^ Ochsenweld , William ; Fisher , Sydney Nettleton ( 2004 ) . The Middle East : a history ( sixth ed . ) . New York : McGraw Hill . ISBN 0 - 07 - 244233 - 6 . Jump up ^ `` Hisorical Quranic Menuscript attributed to Hazrat Usman Ibn Afffan - Australian Islamic Library '' . Australian Islamic Library . Retrieved 2016 - 05 - 07 . Jump up ^ https://archive.org/download/MaarifulQuran/Introduction.pdf Jump up ^ Shi'a : ' Ali Archived 2008 - 03 - 29 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Ref : Lapidus ( 2002 ) , p. 47 Holt ( 1977a ) , pp. 70 -- 72 Tabatabaei ( 1979 ) , pp. 50 -- 57 Jump up ^ Nadvi ( 2000 ) , pg. 411 ^ Jump up to : Nadvi ( 2000 ) , pg. 408 Jump up ^ Nadvi ( 2000 ) , pg. 403 - 4 Jump up ^ Nadvi ( 2000 ) , pg. 405 - 6 Jump up ^ Nadvi ( 2000 ) , pg. 407 - 8 Jump up ^ Netton , Ian Richard ( 2013 - 12 - 19 ) . Encyclopaedia of Islam . Routledge . ISBN 9781135179601 . Jump up ^ Fidai , Rafi Ahmad ; Shaikh , N.M. ( 2002 - 01 - 01 ) . THE COMPANION OF THE HOLY PROPHET . Adam Publishers & Distributors . ISBN 9788174352231 . Jump up ^ Bennison , Amira K. ( 2011 - 07 - 30 ) . The Great Caliphs : The Golden Age of the ' Abbasid Empire . I.B. Tauris . ISBN 9780857720269 . Jump up ^ Nadvi ( 2000 ) , pg. 416 - 7 Jump up ^ Nadvi ( 2000 ) , pg. 418 Jump up ^ Jeffry R. Halverson ( 27 Apr 2010 ) . Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam : The Muslim Brotherhood , Ash'arism , and Political Sunnism . Palgrave Macmillan . p. 69 . ISBN 9780230106581 . Jump up ^ Didier Fassin ( 31 Dec 2014 ) . A Companion to Moral Anthropology ( reprint ed . ) . John Wiley & Sons . p. 235 . ISBN 9781118959503 . Jump up ^ Cristoffel A.O. van Nieuwenhuijze ( 1997 ) . Paradise Lost : Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East . BRILL . p. 28 . ISBN 9789004106727 . 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Question: the rule of the three rightly guided caliphs was called


Ye Hai Mohabbatein - Wikipedia Ye Hai Mohabbatein Jump to : navigation , search Ye Hai Mohabbatein Genre Soap opera Created by Ekta Kapoor Based on Custody by Manju Kapur Developed by Ekta Kapoor Written by Ritu Bhatia Directed by Neeraj Baliyan Imran Creative director ( s ) Sandiip Sickand Starring Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya Karan Patel Opening theme `` Pal Pal Bade Ye Hai Mohabbatein '' Composer ( s ) Pamela Jain Country of origin India Original language ( s ) Hindi No. of seasons No. of episodes 1,458 as of 21 April 2018 Production Producer ( s ) Ekta Kapoor Shobha Kapoor Location ( s ) Delhi , India Cinematography Maneesh Malik Editor ( s ) Vikas Sharma Vishal Sharma Camera setup Multi-camera Running time Approx. 22 minutes Production company ( s ) Balaji Telefilms Distributor Star Plus Release Original network Star Plus Picture format 576i HDTV 1080i Audio format Dolby Digital Original release 3 December 2013 ( 2013 - 12 - 03 ) -- present Chronology Related shows Yeh Hai Chahate External links Website Production website Ye Hai Mohabbatein ( lit . This is love ) is an Indian soap opera which first aired on Star Plus on 3 December 2013 . It was created by Ekta Kapoor and is produced by her production company Balaji Telefilms . The show stars Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel . The story is partially based on Manju Kapur 's novel , Custody . Set in Delhi , the show follows the love story of Tamil dentist Dr. Ishita Iyer and Punjabi CEO Raman Kumar Bhalla . Ishita is infertile and becomes emotionally attached to Raman 's daughter , Ruhi , who lives with her divorced father . Raman 's ex-wife , Shagun , lives with her boyfriend , Ashok Khanna . Due to circumstances , Raman and Ishita marry each other. Then fall in love with each other madly The show has won more than 50 awards . The show took a seven - year leap in April 2016 followed by a one - year leap in November 2016 and a two - year leap in November 2017 . On 9 December 2016 the show completed its 1,000 th episode . It has filmed at several foreign locations including Australia , Budapest and London . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 1.1 Seven years later 1.2 One year later 1.3 Two years later 2 Cast 2.1 Main cast 2.2 Recurring cast 2.3 Former Cast 2.4 Guests 3 Production 4 Awards and nominations 5 Reception 5.1 Adaptations and international broadcast 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links Plot ( edit ) Tamil dentist Ishita Vishwanathan Iyer and Punjabi businessman Raman Kumar Bhalla live in Delhi with their parents . Ishita , who is infertile , forms a motherly bond with Raman 's troubled little daughter , Ruhi . To prevent Raman 's ill - intentioned ex-wife , Shagun , from taking custody of the girl , Ishita and Raman get married and develop a deep bond . Ashok , Raman 's former boss and the current boyfriend of Shagun , orchestrates a plot to defame Ishita 's cousin , Mihika , and make her his wife . Cast aside , Shagun seeks refuge for herself and her son , Aditya , at the Bhalla household , where she plots against Ishita to reclaim Raman . However , Ishita and Raman only grow closer and Shagun is thrown out of the house . She kidnaps Ruhi and Aditya , and Ishita risks her life to save the children . The act causes Shagun to re-examine herself and turn her life around . Raman 's brother Romi is told that his ex-girlfriend Sarika had his child and convinces her to marry him . Ashok is revealed to be a sex offender and his marriage with Mihika ends in divorce . Ishita is able to become pregnant with Raman 's child , but suffers a miscarriage when Ashok tries to kill the entire family . The couple decide to try again with a reformed Shagun acting as their surrogate . However , there are difficulties in the household as Ashok has a spy among them , which turns out to be Sarika : the child she claimed to be Romi 's was adopted . Ishita finds the real parents of the ' orphan ' but accidentally kills the father and is convicted for murder . Raman is convinced to marry Nidhi , a defence lawyer , to save Ishita . When Raman and Ishita 's child Pihu was born , Nidhi kidnaps the newborn . As Ishita tries to rescue Pihu , Nidhi also kidnaps Ruhi and fakes their deaths . Incensed over the loss , Raman banishes Ishita from the house . Before he can correct his mistake , Ishita attempts suicide , leaving everyone to think she is dead , while she was actually saved by her friend Mani . Seven years later ( edit ) After living in Australia with Mani , Ishita returns to India and meets Raman , who feels betrayed that she lived away from him for so many years . Ishita and Raman learn that Ruhi is alive and living as pop star Ruhaan . In order to win her back , they mend their relationship . This disappoints Pihu , who believes that Raman and Shagun are her parents . Raman and Ishita get Shagun and Mani married , but afterward , Shagun turns Pihu rebellious . Aditya and Mani 's niece , Aliya fall in love . Ishita and Raman get remarried . After Pihu learns that Ishita and Raman are her real parents , Mani and Shagun decide to leave the country with her . Raman desperately goes with them , in hopes of counteracting Shagun 's influence . One year later ( edit ) Shagun , Mani , Aliya and Pihu have been living in Bangkok , Thailand with Raman staying nearby to keep an eye on Pihu . Ruhi explains to Pihu the sacrifices that Ishita made for her , leading Pihu to accept Ishita as her mother . Dejected , Shagun returns to India . After a man tries to blackmail Ruhi , Ishita handles the situation while Raman goes berserk . Upset with Raman 's anger issues , Ishita leaves with Pihu and lives with Shagun , who is pregnant with Mani 's child . Nidhi kills Ishita 's sister , Vandita , and Raman is charged with the crime . Ishita proves his innocence and has Nidhi arrested . Afterward , Aditya and Aliya get married . Mani is presumed dead in an accident and Raman is wrongfully charged again . His innocence is proven when it is revealed that Mani is alive . Ruhi becomes friends with Pihu 's friend , Riya , and develops feelings for Riya 's father , Nikhil . As Nikhil 's true colours are revealed , Ishita and Raman struggle as Ruhi falls in love with the wrong person . Pihu pushes her cousin Ananya down a staircase in a fatal accident . Ananya dies , Raman 's sister , Simmi , the mother of Ananya , is outraged and demands justice . To protect Pihu , Ishita makes a false confession and is sentenced to life imprisonment , while a disbelieving Raman is left heartbroken . Unknown to Raman , Ashok later reopens the case , proving Ishita 's innocence . Two years later ( edit ) A broken Bhalla family visits Budapest , Hungary for a business trip , where they fall into a trap set by Simmi and Param , Ananya 's parents . Aditya is struggling to save his marriage as Aliya develops a gambling addiction . Pihu has been put in a boarding school , where Simmi torments her . Raman 's depression is exploited with drug abuse , to the point where he has forgotten his family and allowed Param to take over his company . Ishita arrives , aided by Ashok , who has reformed after being diagnosed with terminal cancer . Back in Delhi , Ishita tries to help Raman regain his memories . Pihu is kidnapped by Nikhil , who is working with Simmi and Param , and Ishita becomes paralysed in the ensuing conflict . The stress causes Raman to have a seizure and Simmi convinces the family that Ishita is the source of the stress . Ishita is warned to stay away or Raman could die . Simmi frames Aliya for the murder of a money lender , in order to force Ishita to sign divorce papers . With Mihika 's help , Ishita defeats Simmi and Param , who are ousted from the family . Ishita is welcomed back into the family . It is revealed that Ruhi was molested by Nikhil , but kept silent due to Simmi 's threats . Ishita gets Nikhil arrested and Raman remembers that Ruhi is his daughter . Simmi , still vengeful , shoots Ishita . Ishita is taken to the hospital , where Raman is convinced he shot her . Ishita becomes blind and Raman wants to be sent to an asylum , as he thinks he is a danger . Ashok dies by saving Ishita who heals . A happy Raman decides to take Ishita on a trip to London where Romi , Aditya , Shagun and Aaliya also arrived for their separate reasons and they all meet Roshni there . An anonymous woman named Sonakshi gupta in London who may be a spirit appears to possess Ishita . Meanwhile Aditya starts to feel for Roshni. But soon in India , the same anonymous lady follows Ishita and during an encounter with her , Ishita seeks the truth . All planning and plotting of that lady came to a tragic end when Ishita captures her . A shocking truth came into light when the woman told that she is not a spirit and not Sonakshi Gupta but she is , Aarushi , twin sister of Sonakshi . She also reveals that Sonakshi committed Suicide because of Raman 's illegal recruitment business of which Sonakshi had fallen a prey to . Cast ( edit ) Main cast ( edit ) Divyanka Tripathi as Dr. Ishita `` Ishu '' Iyer Bhalla ( 2013 - ) main female lead Karan Patel as Raman Kumar Omprakash Bhalla ( 2013 - ) main male lead Recurring cast ( edit ) Ruhanika Dhawan as Pihu Bhalla ( previously played young Ruhi ) Raman and Ishita 's youngest daughter , Ishita 's biological child with Raman , ( 2013 - ) Aditi Bhatia as Ruhi Bhalla , Raman and Ishita 's daughter , Aditya 's younger sister , Aliya 's sister - in - law and Pihu 's elder sister , Shagun 's biological daughter , during the seven years she was believed to be dead ( well under Nidhi 's abusive care ) Ruhi became a famous rock star known as `` Ruhaan '' , ( 2016 - ) Abhishek Verma as Aditya Bhalla , Raman and Ishita 's son , Aliya 's husband , Ruhi and Pihu 's elder brother , Shagun 's biological son ( 2016 - ) Krishna Mukherjee as Aliya Aditya Bhalla , Aditya 's wife , Mani 's niece , Mani and Shagun 's adopted daughter ( 2016 -- ) Kaushal Kapoor as Omprakash Bhalla `` Bhalla Ji '' , Aditya , Ruhi and Pihu 's grandfather , Raman 's father , Santoshi 's husband and Ishita 's father - in - law ( 2013 - ) Neena Kulkarni as Madhavi Vishwanathan Iyer `` Madhu '' , Aditya , Ruhi and Pihu 's grandmother , Ishita 's mother and Vishwanathan 's wife ( 2013 - ) Vidisha Srivastava as Roshni , Chandan 's ex-fiancé , forced to marry Aditya but now divorced ( 2017 , 2018 ) Shireen Mirza as Simran Parmeet Khuranna `` Simmi '' , Parmeet 's wife , Ananya 's mother , Raman 's sister ( 2013 -- 16 ; 2017 -- ) current female antagonist Anurag Sharma as Parmeet Khurana `` Param '' , Simmi 's husband and Ananya 's father ( 2014 -- 15 ; 2017 -- ) current male antagonist Pankaj Bhatia as Bala Chandran , Ruhi , Aditya and Pihu 's uncle , Ishita 's brother - in - law , Vandita 's ex-husband , Shravan and Kshitija 's father and Kiran 's husband ( 2013 - ) Neeru Agarwal as Neelu , Bhalla 's maid ( 2013 -- ) Aly Goni as Romesh `` Romi '' Omprakash Bhalla , Mihika 's husband , Raman 's brother , Sarika 's ex-husband , ( 2013 - ) Avantika Hundal as Mihika Iyer Bhalla , Adi , Ruhi and Pihu 's aunt , Ishita 's sister , Romi 's wife , Ashok 's ex-wife ( 2016 -- ) Mihir Arora as Shravan Bala Chandran `` Sometimes Shravu '' , Ishita 's nephew , Bala and Vandita 's son and Kshitija 's brother ( 2016 - ) Unknown as Kshitija Bala Chandran , Ishita 's niece and Bala and Vandita 's daughter ( 2016 - ) Amita Yadav as Kiran Bhala , Raman 's business partner and Bala 's wife ( 2017 - ) Charu Mehra as Sonakshi Gupta / Aarushi Gupta , a `` fake '' spirit ( 2018 - ) Former Cast ( edit ) Shahnaz Rizwan as Santoshi Omprakash Bhalla `` Toshi '' , Aditya , Ruhi , Pihu 's grandmother , Raman 's mother , Omprakash 's wife and Ishita 's mother - in - law ( 2013 -- 2018 ) Abhay Bhargava as Vishwanathan Iyer `` Vishwa '' , Aditya , Ruhi , Pihu 's grandfather , Ishita 's father and Madhavi 's husband ( 2013 -- 2018 ) Anita Hassanandani as Shagun Abhimanyu Raghav , Abhimanyu 's wife , Mihir 's sister , Ashoks 's ex-girlfriend , Raman 's ex-wife , Adi and Ruhi 's biological mother , Aliya 's adopted mother ( 2013 -- 2018 ) former female lead antagonist Sumeet Sachdev as Abhimanyu Raghav `` Mani '' , Shagun 's husband , Aliya 's uncle and adopted father , Ishita 's best friend ( 2014 , 2016 -- 2018 ) , Prakash ( 2017 ) Sangram Singh as Ashok Khanna , Raman 's previous enemy , Mihika 's ex-husband , Shagun 's ex-boyfriend and Delhi MP , Ishita 's friend and Bhallas ' well - wisher ( 2013 -- 16 , 2017 -- 18 ) , dead ( shot by a gun while saving Ishita ) former antagonist Mihika Verma ( 2013 -- 16 ) as Mihika Iyer , Ishita and Vandita 's cousin sister , Madhavi 's niece , Mihir 's ex-fiancé , Ashok 's ex-wife , Romi 's 2nd wife ( replaced by Avantika ) Shruti Bapna as Vandita Bala Chandran `` Vandu '' , Ishita and Mihika 's sister , Bala 's wife , Shravan - Kshitija 's mother ( 2013 -- 17 ) , dead ( car accident planned by Nidhi ) Raj Singh Arora as Mihir , Arora , Raman 's brother like friend and wellwisher , Shagun 's brother , Mihika 's ex-fiancé , Rinki 's husband , ( 2013 -- 16 ) Bhanujeet Sudan / Amit Tandon as Dr Subramaniam Chandran `` Subbhu '' , Devyani 's son , Ishita 's ex-fiancé , Simran 's ex-fiancé , Bala 's brother , Lakshmi 's husband ( 2013 ; 2015 ) ( left ) Anjali Ujwane as Devyani Chandran , Bala 's mother , Vandita 's mother - in - law , Shravan - Kshitija 's grandmother ( 2013 -- 16 ) ( left ) Bhavesh Bhinhani as child Shravan Bala Chandran , Bala and Vandu 's son , Kshitija 's brother ( 2013 -- 16 ) ( replaced ) Sweety Walia as Pammi Mehra , Santoshi 's friend ( 2013 -- 16 , 2018 ) Vineett Kumar as Suraj Kumar Khanna , Ashok 's brother ( 2013 -- 16 ) ( left ) Deep Jaitley as Pratik , Ishita 's ex-fiancé ( 2013 -- 14 ) Gautam Ahuja as child Aditya Raman Kumar Bhalla `` Adi '' , Raman and Ishita 's son ( 2014 -- 16 ) Resha Konkar as Rinky Mihir Arora , Santoshi and Omprakash 's daughter , Romi , Raman and Simran 's sister , Nikhi 's ex-fiancé , Mihir 's wife ( 2014 -- 15 ) ( dead ) Neel Motwani as Neel Pathak , Raman 's lawyer and friend ; Trisha 's husband ( 2014 -- 16 ) ( left ) Garima Jain as Trisha Neel Pathak , Neel 's wife ( 2014 ) Sareeka Dhillon as Sarika Romesh Bhalla , Romi 's ex-wife , Abhishek 's sister ( 2014 -- 16 ) ( left ) Gaurav Nanda as Rajeev Tandon , Raman 's friend ( 2014 -- 15 ) ( left ) Arshima Thapar as Sanjana Arora , fake sister of Mihir ( 2014 ) Karishma Sharma as Raina , Bala 's blackmailer ( 2014 ) Vivek Dahiya as Inspector Abishek Singh ( 2015 -- 2017 ) Abhilash Chaudhary as Mihika 's friend ( 2015 -- 16 ) Darshan Pandya as Prateek Sharma , Abhishek 's friend ( 2015 -- 16 ) ( left ) Manoj Chandila as Dr. Manoj Paul , Shagun 's ex-fiancé ( 2015 -- 16 ) ( left ) Parveen Kaur as Dr Aditi ( psychiatrist ) ( 2015 ) Navina Bole as Dimple , Nikhil 's sister ( 2015 ) Hargun Grover as Nikhil Malhotra , Rinki 's ex-fiancé ( 2015 ) Kanisha Malhotra as ACP Shalini , a police officer , Abhishek 's friend ( 2015 ) ( left ) Shahina Surve as Lakshmi Subramaniam Chandran , Subbu 's wife ( 2015 ) ( dead ) Anju Mahendru as Sujata Kumar , Lakshmi 's mother , Subbhu 's mother - in - law ( 2015 ) ( left ) Ruchika Rajput as Vinnie 's Mother ( 2015 ) ( left ) Arishfa Khan as Vinnie ( 2015 ) ( left ) Unknown as Vinnie 's Father ( 2015 ) ( left ) Gopal Singh as Chand Mishra , bus driver who wanted to take revenge on Ashok ( 2015 ) ( left ) Kavya Ramnani as Ananya Parmeet Khurana , Ruhi 's cousin sister , Raman 's niece , Simmi and Parmeet 's daughter , dead ( 2016 -- 17 ) Gaurav Wadhwa as Sohail Behl , Ruhi 's ex-lover , Nidhi 's brother ( 2016 -- 17 ) ( jailed ) Deepak Wadhwa as Gaurav Bajaj , Simmi 's lover ( 2016 -- 17 ) Kiran Bhargava as Shobana Venkatesh , Aliya 's grandmother , Mani 's sisters mother in law , Shagun 's mother - in - law ( 2016 -- 17 ) Swati Kapoor as Sachi , Aditya 's ex-fiancé ( 2016 ) ( left ) Sid Makkar as Vidyut , Ishita and Raman 's friend ( 2016 -- 17 ) Avdeep Sidhu as Anil Nagpal , Raman 's lawyer ( 2016 ) ( dead ) Varun Khandelwal as Suyash Chadda , Amarnath 's brother ( 2016 ) , male antagonist ( left ) Lalit Bisht as Amarnath Chadda , Pallavi 's husband ( 2016 ) ( dead ) Garima Kapoor as Pallavi Amarnath Chadda , Amarnath 's wife , Rohit 's mother ( 2016 ) ( left ) Manish Khanna as Shyam Raichand , Shanaya 's father and Ishita 's fake father ( 2016 ) ( left ) Zareena Roshan Khan as Ismail 's mother ( 2016 ) ( cameo ) Ribbhu Mehra as Nikhil , Ruhi 's ex-love interest , Aliya 's college friend , Riya 's father and Pooja 's ex-husband ( 2017 -- 18 ) Pavitra Punia as Niddhi Chhabra , an antagonist , during the seven years she was believed to be dead , Nidhi went under the alias known as `` Nimreet Chopra '' , ( jailed ) Yukti Kapoor as Ishita 's colleague ( cameo appearance ) Shakti Arora ( Cameo appearance episode 1 as the boy who came to propose Ishita for marriage ) Priya Shinde as Dr. Anita , Ishita 's psychiatrist ( cameo ) Aashu Kohli as Malhotra ( 2017 ) Benazir Shaikh as Divya , Abhishek 's girlfriend ( 2017 ) Gagan Anand as Gagan , Chandan 's brother ( 2017 ) ( jailed ) Drishti Hemdev as Riya , Nikhil and Pooja 's daughter , Garewal 's granddaughter and Pihu 's friend ( 2017 ) Hritu Dudani as Pooja , Nikhil 's ex-wife , Riya 's mother ( 2017 ) Guests ( edit ) Shraddha Kapoor and Sidharth Malhotra for promoting Ek Villain ( 2014 ) Deepika Padukone and Arjun Kapoor for promoting Finding Fanny ( 2014 ) Vidya Balan as Vasudha for promoting Hamari Adhuri Kahani ( 2015 ) Salman Khan for promoting Bajrangi Bhaijaan ( 2015 ) Tushar Kapoor and Aftab Shivdasani for promoting Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3 ( 2016 ) Emraan Hashmi for promoting Azhar ( 2016 ) Ranbir Kapoor and Anushka Sharma for promoting Ae Dil Hai Mushkil ( 2016 ) Devoleena Bhattacharjee for Dance Performance `` Gopi '' from Saath Nibhaana Saathiya ( 2016 ) Drashti Dhami and Alka Amin for promoting their new show Pardes Mein Hai Meraa Dil ( 2016 ) Arjun Kapoor and Shraddha Kapoor for promoting Half Girlfriend ( 2017 ) Barun Sobti for promoting his new show Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3 Mahima Makwana for promoting her show Rishton Ka Chakravyuh ( 2017 ) Supriya Pathak for promoting his new show Khichdi Returns Production ( edit ) Main cast of Ye Hai Mohabbatein Divyanka Tripathi Karan Patel Ruhanika Dhawan The show is produced by Ekta Kapoor under her banner of Balaji Telefilms . The show was initially called Mera Tera Rishta Purana but was changed to Ye Hai Mohabbatein . Television actress Divyanka Tripathi was selected by Kapoor to play the lead role of Ishita . Cezanne Khan ( of Kasautii Zindagii Kay fame ) was first approached to play Raman , the male lead opposite Tripathi , but was replaced by Karan Patel . Child artist Ruhanika Dhawan was chosen to play the important character of Ruhi . Awards and nominations ( edit ) Ye Hai Mohabbatein awards and nominations ( hide ) Awards and nominations Award Wins Nominations Boroplus Gold Awards 15 16 Indian Telly Awards 6 6 Indian Television Academy Awards Big Star Entertainment Awards Lions Gold Awards Asian Viewers Television Awards Totals Awards won 28 Nominations 30 References As of January 2018 , the show has received 15 Boroplus Gold Awards , 6 Indian Telly Awards , 3 Indian Television Academy Awards , a Big Star Entertainment Award , 2 Lions Gold Awards and an Asian Viewers Television Award . The show has also received 22 Star Parivaar Awards from its originating network , though these can not be said to be impartial . Year Award Recipient Result 2014 7th Boroplus Gold Awards Boroplus Face Of The Year Divyanka Tripathi Won Best Actor In Lead Role ( Popular ) Karan Patel Best Actress In Negative Role ( Popular ) Anita Hassanandani 13th Indian Telly Awards Most Popular Child Artiste ( Female ) Ruhanika Dhawan Won Most Popular Actress In A Lead Role Divyanka Tripati Dahiya Most Popular Onscreen Couple Karan Patel & Divyanka Tripati Dahiya 14th Indian Television Academy Awards GR8 ! ON - Screen Couple Of The Year Karan Patel with Divyanka Tripati Dahiya Nominated Big Star Entertainment Awards Most Entertaining Actress In Lead Role ( Fiction ) Divyanka Tripati Dahiya Won 2015 21st Lions Gold Awards Best Actress / Actor In Lead Role Divyanka Tripati Dahiya Won 8th Boroplus Gold Awards Boroplus Face Of The Year Divyanka Tripati Dahiya Won Best Actor In Lead Role ( Popular ) Karan Patel Best Actress In Lead Role ( Popular ) Divyanka Tripati Dahiya Best Actress In Negative Role ( Popular ) Anita Hassanandani Best Actor In Negative Role ( Critics ) Sangram Singh Best Actor In Supporting Role ( Popular ) Raj Singh Arora 14th Indian Telly Awards Best Actor In A Lead Role Karan Patel Won Most Dynamic Personality Divyanka Tripathi Best Jodi On TV Karan Patel & Divyanka Tripati Dahiya 15th Indian Television Academy Awards Best Romantic Actor ( Male ) Karan Patel Won Best Negative Role ( Female ) Anita Hassanandani 2016 9th Boroplus Gold Awards Boroplus Face Of The Year Divyanka Tripathi Won Best Actor ( Popular ) Karan Patel Best Actress ( Popular ) Divyanka Tripati Dahiya Best Actor In A Supporting Role ( Male ) Raj Singh Arora Best Actress In A Negative Role Anita Hassanandani Best Actor In A Negative Role Sangram Singh Best Jodi Divyanka Tripati Dahiya with Karan Patel Nominated 16th Indian Television Academy Awards GR8 ! ON - Screen Couple Of The Year Karan Patel & Divyanka Tripathi Won 2017 10th Boroplus Gold Awards Best Actor In Lead Role ( Popular ) Karan Patel Won Best Actress In Lead Role ( Popular ) Divyanka Tripati Dahiya Best Actress In Negative Role ( Popular ) Anita Hassanandani Best Actor In A Supporting Role Raj Singh Arora Nominated Best Actress In A Supporting Role Aditi Bhatia Best Actor In A Negative Role Sangram Singh Reception ( edit ) Despite airing for nearly two years , Ye Hai Mohabbatein was still one of the highest - rated shows on Indian television in January 2016 when it was ranked third in TRP ratings chart . Starting in January 2017 , the show has begun to falter in the TRP ratings as the show 's focus shifted to the new generation . Nevertheless , the show is very popular in the UK , being the most - watched Indian show . The climax of Ruhi - Nikhil track leading to Ananya 's death brought a sudden spike in the ratings in the first week of November 2017 ( week 44 ) and the series secured a place amongst the Top 10 shows after almost a year off this ranking . With the Budapest track and the focus back on the main leads , the show reached the Top 5 in the second week of November 2017 ( week 45 ) . In week 46 the show further climbed to the 4th spot on the TRP chart , thus becoming the most - watched show on STAR Plus . In week 47 the show remained at No. 4 on the TRP charts and continued to be the most - watched show on STAR Plus . The show continued to do well maintaining its No. 1 position on STAR Plus in the following weeks . In week 51 , Ye Hai Mohabbatein emerged as the most - watched show across all Hindi GECs . Adaptations and international broadcast ( edit ) The show has been remade in several languages : in Tamil as Kalyanam Mudhal Kadhal Varai ( 2014 -- 2017 ) , aired on STAR Vijay . The show ended in January 2017 due to low TRP after the lead actress quit the show , deviating from the original . In Malayalam as Pranayam , aired on Asianet In Telugu as Manasupalike Mounageetham , aired 562 episodes on MAA TV In Bengali as Mon Niye Kachakachi , aired on STAR Jalsha In Sinhala as Me Adarayai , aired on Sirasa TV In Kannada as Avannu Matte Shravani , aired on Asianet Suvarna Dubbed into English In South Africa , aired on Glow TV DSTV 167 and OVHD 108 and in Star Plus South Africa / Mauritius , with episodes broadcast three and a half hours after premiering in India . It also aired on MBC Digital 4 ( Mauritius ) . In Vietnamese as Hạnh phúc muộn màng on ( ( interlanguage link Đài Phát thanh - Truyền hình Vĩnh Long lt = THVL vi ) ) . In Cambodia , it began airing in 2016 on SEATV . In Indonesia it aired on RCTI from 19 October 2015 to 11 November 2015 under the title Ruhi Tersayang . It was rebroadcast from the first episode from 1 August 2016 on ANTV under the title Mohabbatein . In Marathi as Nakalat Saare Ghadle aired on Star Pravah . In Japan as `` これ は 愛 で あります '' aried on BS Nittele ( upcoming ) . In South Korea as `` 이것은 사랑 이다 '' aried on AsiaN ( upcoming ) . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Awards in certain categories do not have prior nominations and only winners are announced by the jury . For simplification and to avoid errors , each award in this list has been presumed to have had a prior nomination . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Not happy with name , Ekta Kapoor changes show title thrice -- The Times of India '' . The Times of India . 2013 - 11 - 22 . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 01 . ^ Jump up to : Keshri , Shweta . Ekta 's latest show . The Telegraph . 3 December 2013 . Retrieved 18 October 2016 ^ Jump up to : `` After male lead , Ekta replaces dog in her show ! -- The Times of India '' . Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2013 - 11 - 29 . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 01 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ekta 's next based on popular novel ' Custody ' ? -- The Times of India '' . The Times of India . 2013 - 01 - 04 . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 01 . Jump up ^ `` Is Arvind Kejriwal upset with Yeh Hai Mohabbatein for showing Delhi Police in poor light ? '' . India.com. 9 December 2015 . Retrieved 19 December 2015 . Jump up ^ Parismita Goswami ( 14 March 2015 ) . `` ' Yeh Hai Mohabbatein ' : Will Ishita Successfully Escape with Ruhi ? '' . International Business Times . Retrieved 19 December 2015 . Jump up ^ Letty Mariam Abraham ( 22 November 2013 ) . `` Yeh Hai Mohabbatein : Why did Ekta Kapoor replace Cezanne Khan ? '' . Bollywoodlife.com . Retrieved 1 December 2013 . Jump up ^ Parismita Goswami ( 21 March 2016 ) . `` ' Yeh Hai Mohabbatein ' leap : Ruhi to turn into a rebellious teenager ? ( VIDEO ) '' . International Business Times . Retrieved 26 May 2016 . Jump up ^ Parmita Uniyal ( 30 March 2016 ) . `` Yeh Hai Mohabbatein spoiler : Nidhi to elope with Ruhi to Dubai , post leap : Soaps , News -- India Today '' . India Today . Retrieved 1 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Yeh Hai Mohabbatein team shoots in Budapest ; the show is set to take another time leap '' . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Divyanka , Anita -- Yeh Hai Mohabbatein team celebrates completion of 1000 episodes in true Bhalla style -- View HQ Pics - Bollywoodlife.com '' . Bollywoodlife.com. 9 December 2016 . Retrieved 1 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ' Ye Hai Mohabbatein ' completes 1000 episodes ; team celebrates -- Times of India '' . Times of India . 4 December 2016 . Retrieved 1 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Yeh Hai Mohabbatein cast 's Australia shoot pics will force you to pack your bags '' . The Indian Express . 2016 - 11 - 08 . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Divyanka Tripathi And Yeh Hai Mohabbatein 's Team All Set To Have A Gala Time In Budapest '' . The Indian Express . 2016 - 11 - 08 . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 26 . Jump up ^ Baddhan , Raj ( 2018 - 03 - 13 ) . `` Star Plus to film ' Yeh Hai Mohabbatein ' in London '' . BizAsia . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 15 . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ DNA WEB TEAM . Avantika Hundal to replace Mihika Verma in Yeh Hai Mohabbatein . Daily News and Analysis . 13 April 2016 . Retrieved 18 October 2016 . Jump up ^ Ye Hai Mohabbatein : This actor will play the new man in Ishita 's life . The Times of India . 9 November 2016 . Retrieved 9 November 2016 . Jump up ^ Salman Khan shakes a leg on ' Ye Hai Mohabbatein ' . Indo - Asian News Service . 8 Juli 2015 . Retrieved 18 Oktober 2016 . Jump up ^ Ankita Mehta ( 5 May 2016 ) . `` ' Yeh Hai Mohabbatein : ' Emraan Hashmi to promote ' Azhar ; ' actor shoots with the team '' . International Business Times . Retrieved 20 May 2016 . Jump up ^ `` When Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 's Barun Sobti met Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel '' . Retrieved 2 July 2017 . Jump up ^ Yeh Hai Mohabbatein bags most awards at Star Parivaar Awards , 2014 Jump up ^ Star Parivaar Awards 2015 : Complete List Of Winners Jump up ^ Star Parivaar Awards 2015 winners list : Yeh Hai Mohabbatein and Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai walk away with maximum trophies ! Jump up ^ Ekta Kapoor 's Yeh Hai Mohabbatein wins a majority of honours at Star Parivaar Awards , 2016 Jump up ^ STAR Parivaar Awards 2016 winners list : Divyanka Tripathi bags maximum awards ! Jump up ^ Star Parivaar Awards 2017 winners list : Karan Patel , Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya , Nakuul Mehta wins the most prestigious award Jump up ^ Winners List : 7th Boroplus Gold Awards , 2017 Jump up ^ 13th Indian Telly Awards 2014 -- Winners List ; Harshad , Preetika , Karan , Divyanka Shine Bright ! Jump up ^ Yeh Hai Mohabbatein 's Divyanka Tripathi Wins Big Star Entertainment Award 2014 ! Jump up ^ `` Lions Gold Awards 2015 : Priyanka , Abhishek , Varun , Lisa shimmer at the event ( see pics ) '' . India TV News . Retrieved 25 October 2016 . Jump up ^ Sarkar , Prarthna . `` Zee Gold Awards 2015 Highlights , Complete Winners ' List : ' Yeh Hai Mohabbatein ' Bags Most Honours ; Karan - Divyanka 's Romance Steals the Show '' . International Business Times - India Edition . Retrieved 25 October 2016 Jump up ^ `` Indian Telly Awards 2015 : Karan Patel , Kapil Sharma winners - '' . The Times of India . Retrieved 23 October 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Indian Telly Awards 2015 : Karan Patel , Sriti Jha , Kapil Sharma winners '' . The Indian Express . 30 November 2015 . Retrieved 23 October 2016 . Jump up ^ `` ITA Awards 2015 : Karan Patel bags Best Romantic Actor trophy ; list of winners '' . India Today . Retrieved 23 October 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Zee Gold Awards 2016 : Divyanka , Karan , Mouni and others walk away with trophies ; check out winners ' list '' . International Business Times - India Edition . Retrieved 25 October 2016 . Jump up ^ Goswami , Parismita ( 14 November 2016 ) . ITA Awards 2016 winners list : Rubina Dilaik , Mouni Roy , Shabir Ahluwalia and others win big . International Business Times . Retrieved 18 November 2016 . Jump up ^ Divyanka Karan win big at 10th Boroplus Gold Awards Jump up ^ Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel wins their third consecutive Gold Award for Ye Hai Mohabbatein Jump up ^ Parismita Goswami ( 8 January 2016 ) . `` TRP ratings : Naagin remains unbeatable ; Yeh Hai Mohabbatein beats Kumkum Bhagya '' . International Business Times . Retrieved 22 January 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Overnights : ' YHM ' keeps Star Plus high on Saturday '' . BizAsia Media , Entertainment , Showbiz , Events and Music . 2017 - 09 - 03 . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` UK Ratings : ' YHM ' remains top show in weekly chart '' . BizAsia Media , Entertainment , Showbiz , Events and Music . 2017 - 10 - 23 . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 26 . Jump up ^ Banerjee , Urmimala . `` Divyanka Tripathi 's Yeh Hai Mohabbatein beats Naamkarann , Ishqbaaz to win back it 's spot in Top 10 shows -- here 's how ! '' . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Yeh Hai Mohabbateins ratings take a dramatic leap as Raman - Ishita fall in love again '' . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` BARC TRP ratings week 45 : Kundali Bhagya continues to lead , Bigg Boss 11 out of top ten -- News Nation '' . www.newsnation.in. 2017 - 11 - 16 . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` GEC Watch : Zee TV leads in U + R ; Colors continue its lead in urban '' . www.bestmediaifo.com . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Yeh Hain Mohabbatein tops the TRP charts thanks to lead actress Divyanka 's reel death drama -- Times of India '' . The Times of India . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` New family drama on TV -- The Times of India '' . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2015 - 01 - 10 . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 01 . Jump up ^ `` New - age soap on cosmopolitan Kolkata Business Standard News '' . Business-standard.com . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 01 . Jump up ^ `` Avanu Matte Shravani New Kannada Serial On Suvarna TV '' . Indian Television News . Jump up ^ `` Cô dâu 8 tuổi và phim ngoại ồ ạt lên truyền hình Việt '' . Tuổi Trẻ Online . 7 January 2016 . Jump up ^ `` SEA Entertainment -- Timeline -- Facebook '' . Retrieved 3 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` RCTI Segera Tayangkan Serial India `` Ruhi Tersayang '' , dari Produser Ekta Kapoor `` . Tabloid Bintang ( in Indonesian ) . Jump up ^ `` RCTI Hentikan Penayangan Ruhi Tersayang -- Yeh Hai Mohabbatein '' . Tabloid Bintang ( in Indonesian ) . Jump up ^ `` ANTV Ambil Alih Hak Tayang `` Ruhi Tersayang '' RCTI , Judulnya Diubah Jadi `` Mohabbatein '' `` . Tabloid Bintang ( in Indonesian ) . External links ( edit ) Ye Hai Mohabbatein on IMDb Current broadcasts on Star Plus Currently broadcast Primetime soap opera Har Shaakh Pe Ullu Baithaa Hai Ikyawann Ishqbaaaz Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala Naamkarann Tu Sooraj , Main Saanjh Piyaji Yeh Hai Mohabbatein Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai Weekend Khichdi Balaji Telefilms Key individuals Jeetendra Shobha Kapoor Ekta Kapoor Tusshar Kapoor Companies Balaji Telefilms Balaji Motion Pictures ALT Digital Media Entertainment BOLT Media Limited Film productions Kyo Kii ... 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Street Pali Hill Kaahin Kissii Roz Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii Kahiin to Hoga Kalash Karam Apnaa Apnaa Karma Kasautii Zindagii Kay Kasturi Kayamath Kesar Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil Kkavyanjali Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi Nach Baliye 7 Pardes Mein Hai Meraa Dil Tere Liye Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna Zee TV Brahmarakshas Hum Paanch Jodha Akbar Kammal Kasamh Se Keshav Pandit Kohi Apna Sa Koshish Mano Ya Na Mano Pavitra Rishta Sony TV Bade Achhe Lagte Hain Bayttaab Dil Kee Tamanna Hai Box Cricket League 1 Ghar Ek Mandir Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyaar Kabhi Kabhii Pyaar Kabhi Kabhii Yaar Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai Khwaish Kkoi Dil Mein Hai Kuchh Is Tara Kuchh Jhuki Palkain Kutumb Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat Kya Huaa Tera Vaada Pyaar Ka Bandhan Pyaar Ko Ho Jaane Do Colors Bairi Piya Box Cricket League 2 Kavach ... Kaali Shaktiyon Se Koi Aane Ko Hai Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi Naagin ( season 1 ) Naagin ( season 2 ) Parichay - Naye Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka Life OK Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh Ek Thhi Naayika Kalash - Ek Vishwaas Mazaak Mazaak Mein Savdhaan India Imagine TV Bandini Kitani Mohabbat Hai Kitani Mohabbat Hai 2 Sarvggun Sampanna Channel V Confessions of an Indian Teenager Gumrah : End of Innocence Gumrah ( Season 2 ) Gumrah ( Season 3 ) Gumrah ( Season 4 ) Gumrah ( Season 5 ) V The Serial MTV India Kitni Mast Hai Zindagi DD National Kayaamat Pavitra Bandhan Star One Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani Sahara One Kahi To Milenge 9X Kahaani Hamaaray Mahaabhaarat Ki Kahe Naa Kahe Kya Dill Mein Hai Zoom Kyaa Kahein Metro Gold Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii Kundali Sony Pal Yeh Dil Sun Raha Hai &TV Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum Sun TV Kudumbbam Kulaa Villaakku Pasamalargal Kelunga Mamiyare Kanavarukaaha Kasthuri Kanmaneeya Jaya TV Kalki Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ye_Hai_Mohabbatein&oldid=838472429 '' Categories : 2013 Indian television series debuts Indian romance television series Indian television series Indian television soap operas Serial drama television series Star Plus television series Television programmes based on Indian novels Television shows set in Delhi Hidden categories : CS1 Indonesian - language sources ( id ) Use Indian English from March 2016 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from January 2014 Pages using infobox television with editor parameter Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2018 All Wikipedia articles in need of updating Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2018 All articles containing potentially dated statements Talk Contents About Wikipedia हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia සිංහල Simple English Svenska தமிழ் Edit links This page was last edited on 27 April 2018 , at 07 : 15 . 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Brenda 's got a baby - wikipedia Brenda 's got a baby Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) `` Brenda 's Got a Baby '' Single by 2Pac from the album 2Pacalypse Now Released October 20 , 1991 Format 12 '' single Recorded 1991 Genre Conscious hip hop , alternative hip hop Length 3 : 55 Label Interscope Songwriter ( s ) T. Shakur , D. Evans Producer ( s ) Deion `` Big D '' Evans , The Underground Railroad 2Pac singles chronology `` Same Song ( Digital Underground song ) '' ( 1991 ) `` Brenda 's Got a Baby '' ( 1991 ) `` If My Homie Calls '' ( 1991 ) `` Same Song ( Digital Underground song ) '' ( 1991 ) `` Brenda 's Got a Baby '' ( 1991 ) `` If My Homie Calls '' ( 1991 ) Audio sample file help Music video `` Brenda 's Got a Baby '' on YouTube `` Brenda 's Got a Baby '' is the solo debut single by Tupac Shakur , and tenth track from his debut album , 2Pacalypse Now . The song , which features R&B singer Dave Hollister , is about a 12 - year - old girl named Brenda who lives in a ghetto and has a baby she ca n't support . The song explores the issue of teen pregnancy and its effect on young mothers and their families . Like many of Shakur 's songs , `` Brenda 's Got a Baby '' draws from the plight of the impoverished . Using Brenda to represent young mothers in general , Shakur criticises the low level of support from the baby 's father , the government , and society in general . Shakur wrote the song when he read a newspaper article about a 12 - year - old girl who became pregnant from her cousin and threw the baby into a trash compactor . Contents ( hide ) 1 Lyrics 2 Music video 3 Charts 4 References Lyrics ( edit ) The opening consists of a duet singing the song 's title twice . Much of the rest of the song is one long verse performed by Tupac . The verse begins with Tupac telling a group that he has heard about Brenda 's pregnancy . He also notes that she has had virtually no education , and calls this a `` damn shame '' because she has little hope of a future . Her family is very poor and her father is a drug addict . Brenda is impregnated by her unnamed boyfriend , who is also her cousin , but she is successfully able to hide her pregnancy . Tupac explains that her family would n't care if she gave birth , as long as they got their cut of the government assistance . Although she believes that her cousin ( her baby 's father ) will stay with her and help her raise their child , he is merely a molester , and abandons her before she gives birth on the bathroom floor . She throws the baby into a trash bin but later retrieves it when she hears it crying . Her mother scolds her severely , and Brenda becomes so ashamed of herself that she runs away from home . Brenda is now forced to live alone , and unsuccessfully seeks employment . Her attempt to sell crack cocaine results in robbery , and eventually she views prostitution as her only way to earn money and survive . This life path leads to her getting murdered . The fates of her parents , her cousin , and the baby are left unexplained . The song 's final minute consists of a chorus singing `` Do n't you know she 's got a baby ? '' repeatedly . The beginning of the song can be heard in The Game 's song `` Street Riders '' 2Pac has another song which he made late in his career which deals with this same subject called `` Mama 's Just a Little Girl '' . The song can be found on his fourth posthumous studio album Better Dayz . Music video ( edit ) The video of the song is in black - and - white . It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates . The first part shows Shakur and `` Brenda '' and then the actual story starts . Ethel `` Edy '' Proctor portrays Brenda . The video begins with `` based on a true story , '' although the characters themselves are fictitious , Shakur wrote the song after reading a story in the newspaper of a 12 - year - old girl getting pregnant by her cousin and trying to dispose of the baby in a trash can . Parts of the video were included in Tupac : Resurrection , a 2003 documentary on 2Pac 's life , in a television show later in the music video of Ghetto Gospel , in the music video of Changes and appears as a bonus in its entirety on the film 's DVD . Part of the video and song was played in 2Pac 's biopic film , `` All Eyez On Me , '' released June 16th 2017 . The video was directed by the Hughes Brothers . Charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1991 ) Peak position US Rap Singles ( Billboard ) US R&B / Hip - Hop Songs ( Billboard ) 23 References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Hedges , Chris ( March 29 , 1991 ) . `` A Child - Mother in the Jaws of New York '' . NYTimes.com . Retrieved July 23 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` 2Pac -- Awards '' . AllMusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved July 7 , 2014 . ( hide ) Tupac Shakur Studio albums 2Pacalypse Now Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z. ... Thug Life : Volume 1 Me Against the World All Eyez on Me The Don Killuminati : The 7 Day Theory Posthumous albums RU Still Down ? ( Remember Me ) Still I Rise Until the End of Time Better Dayz Loyal to the Game Pac 's Life Live albums 2Pac Live Live at the House of Blues Compilation albums Greatest Hits The Rose That Grew from Concrete The Prophet : The Best of the Works Nu - Mixx Klazzics Tupac : Resurrection The Rose , Vol. 2 The Prophet Returns Beginnings : The Lost Tapes 1988 -- 1991 Nu - Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2 Best of 2Pac Related albums Nothing but Trouble ( soundtrack ) Sons of the P Juice ( soundtrack ) Poetic Justice ( soundtrack ) Above the Rim ( soundtrack ) Gridlock 'd ( soundtrack ) Gang Related ( soundtrack ) A 2Pac Tribute : Dare 2 Struggle Extended plays Makaveli & Dillinger Do n't Go 2 Sleep Singles `` Brenda 's Got a Baby '' `` If My Homie Calls '' `` Trapped '' `` Holler If Ya Hear Me '' `` I Get Around '' `` Keep Ya Head Up '' `` Papa'z Song '' `` Cradle to the Grave '' `` Dear Mama '' `` So Many Tears '' `` Temptations '' `` California Love '' `` 2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted '' `` How Do U Want It '' `` All Bout U '' `` I Ai n't Mad at Cha '' `` Life Goes On '' `` Toss It Up '' `` To Live & Die in LA '' `` Hail Mary '' `` Wanted Dead or Alive '' `` Made Niggaz '' Posthumous singles `` I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto '' `` Do for Love '' `` Changes '' `` Unconditional Love '' `` Baby Do n't Cry ( Keep Ya Head Up II ) '' `` Who Do U Believe In '' `` Until the End of Time '' `` Letter 2 My Unborn '' `` Thugz Mansion '' `` Still Ballin ' '' `` Runnin ' ( Dying to Live ) '' `` One Day at a Time ( Em 's Version ) '' `` Thugs Get Lonely Too '' `` Ghetto Gospel '' `` Untouchable '' `` Pac 's Life '' `` Playa Cardz Right '' Other songs `` I Do n't Give a Fuck '' `` Runnin ' ( From tha Police ) '' `` Hit ' Em Up '' `` Are U Still Down '' `` Panther Power '' Featured singles `` Smile '' `` Playa Cardz Right '' Books The Rose That Grew from Concrete Stage Holler If Ya Hear Me Filmography Nothing but Trouble Juice Poetic Justice Above the Rim Bullet Gridlock 'd Gang Related Documentaries Biggie & Tupac Tupac : Resurrection Tupac : Assassination Outlawz Yaki Kadafi Kastro Napoleon E.D.I. Mean Hussein Fatal Mussolini Komani Young Noble Related articles Discography List of songs Outlawz Digital Underground Afeni Shakur Assata Shakur Mopreme Shakur Mutulu Shakur East Coast - West Coast hip hop rivalry Makaveli Branded Clothing Niccolò Machiavelli Orlando Anderson Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts Billy Garland Kadafi List of awards and nominations received by Tupac Shakur Murder of Tupac Shakur All Eyez on Me Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brenda%27s_Got_a_Baby&oldid=815832183 '' Categories : 1991 songs Debut singles Incest in fiction Songs about child abuse Songs with feminist themes Songs written by Tupac Shakur Tupac Shakur songs 1990s ballads Black - and - white music videos Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from July 2014 All articles needing additional references Articles with hAudio microformats Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Español Italiano עברית ქართული Kiswahili Nederlands Polski Português Русский Simple English Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 17 December 2017 , at 13 : 21 . 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Itai - itai disease - wikipedia Itai - itai disease Jump to : navigation , search Itai - itai disease ( イタイイタイ病 , itai - itai byō , `` it hurts - it hurts disease '' ) was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture , Japan , starting around 1912 . The term `` itai - itai disease '' was coined by locals for the severe pains ( Japanese : 痛い itai ) victims felt in the spine and joints . Cadmium poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure . The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies in the mountains , which were successfully sued for the damage . Itai - itai disease is known as one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan . A similar thing is Onsan illness . Contents ( hide ) 1 Cause 2 Symptoms 3 Legal action 4 Economic costs 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Cause ( edit ) Itai - itai disease was caused by cadmium poisoning due to mining in Toyama Prefecture . The earliest records of mining for gold in the area date back to 1710 . Regular mining for silver started in 1589 , and soon thereafter , mining for lead , copper , and zinc began . Increased demand for raw materials during the Russo - Japanese War and World War I , as well as new mining technologies from Europe , increased the output of the mines , putting the Kamioka Mines in Toyama among the world 's top mines . Production increased even more before World War II . Starting in 1910 and continuing through 1945 , cadmium was released in significant quantities by mining operations , and the disease first appeared around 1912 . Prior to World War II , the mining , controlled by the Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. , Ltd. , increased to satisfy the wartime demand . This subsequently increased the pollution of the Jinzū River and its tributaries . The river was used mainly for irrigation of rice fields , but also for drinking water , washing , fishing , and other uses by downstream populations . Due to the cadmium poisoning , the fish in the river started to die , and the rice irrigated with river water did not grow well . The cadmium and other heavy metals accumulated at the bottom of the river and in the water of the river . This water was then used to irrigate the rice fields . The rice absorbed heavy metals , especially the cadmium . The cadmium accumulated in the people eating contaminated rice . When the population complained to Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. about this pollution , the company built a basin to store the mining waste water before leading it into the river . This proved ineffective , and many had already been sickened . The causes of the poisoning were not well understood and , up to 1946 , it was thought to be simply a regional disease or a type of bacterial infection . Medical tests started in the 1940s and 1950s , searching for the cause of the disease . Initially , it was expected to be lead poisoning due to the lead mining upstream . Only in 1955 did Dr. Hagino and his colleagues suspect cadmium as the cause of the disease . Toyama Prefecture also started an investigation in 1961 , determining that the Mitsui Mining and Smelting 's Kamioka Mining Station caused the cadmium pollution and that the worst - affected areas were 30 km downstream of the mine . In 1968 , the Ministry of Health and Welfare issued a statement about the symptoms of itai - itai disease caused by the cadmium poisoning . The reduction of the levels of cadmium in the water supply reduced the number of new disease victims ; no new victim has been recorded since 1946 . While the victims with the worst symptoms came from Toyama prefecture , the government found victims in five other prefectures . The mines are still in operation and cadmium pollution levels remain high , although improved nutrition and medical care has reduced the occurrence of itai - itai disease . Symptoms ( edit ) One of the main effects of cadmium poisoning is weak and brittle bones . Spinal and leg pain is common , and a waddling gait often develops due to bone deformities caused by the cadmium . The pain eventually becomes debilitating , with fractures becoming more common as the bone weakens . Other complications include coughing , anemia , and kidney failure , leading to death . A marked prevalence in older , postmenopausal women has been observed . The cause of this phenomenon is not fully understood , and is currently under investigation . Current research has pointed to general malnourishment , as well as poor calcium metabolism relating to the women 's age . Recent animal studies have shown that cadmium poisoning alone is not enough to elicit all of the symptoms of itai - itai disease . These studies are pointing to damage of the mitochondria of kidney cells by cadmium as a key factor of the disease . Legal action ( edit ) Twenty - nine plaintiffs , consisting of 9 victims and 20 family members of victims , sued the Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. in 1968 in the Toyama Prefectural court . In June 1971 , the court found the Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. guilty . Subsequently , the company appealed to the Nagoya District Court in Kanazawa , but the appeal was rejected in August 1972 . The Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. agreed to pay for the medical care of the victims , finance the monitoring of the water quality performed by the residents , and pay reparations to the victims of the disease . People who consider themselves victims of itai - itai disease have to contact the Japanese Ministry of Health , Labor , and Welfare to have their claims assessed . Many victims were not satisfied with government actions and demanded a change in the official procedures . This caused the government to review the criteria for recognizing a victim legally ; the government also reassessed the treatment of the disease . A person is considered to have itai - itai disease if he or she lived in the contaminated areas , has kidney dysfunctions and softening of the bones , but not related heart problems . One hundred and eighty - four victims have been legally recognized since 1967 , of whom 54 were recognized in the period from 1980 to 2000 . An additional 388 people have been identified as potential victims , those who had not been officially examined yet . Fifteen victims were still alive as of 1993 . Economic costs ( edit ) The cadmium pollution had contaminated many agricultural areas . Heavy metal pollution affected many areas in Japan , and as a result the Prevention of Soil Contamination in Agricultural Land Law of 1970 was enacted . It ordered planting to be stopped so that restoration of the soil could be enacted to areas with 1ppm of cadmium or more contamination in the soil . Surveying in Toyama Prefecture began in 1971 , and by 1977 , 1500 hectares along the Jinzū River were designated for soil restoration . These farmers were compensated for lost crops and for lost production in past years by the Mitsui Mining and Smelting , Toyama Prefecture , and the national government . As of 1992 , only 400 hectares remained contaminated . In 1992 , the average annual health expense compensation was ¥ 743 million . Agricultural damage was compensated with ¥ 1.75 billion per year , or a total of annually ¥ 2.518 billion . Another ¥ 620 million were invested annually to reduce further pollution of the river . On 17 March 2012 , officials concluded the cleanup project of the cadmium - polluted areas in the Jinzū River basin . Eight - hundred and sixty - three hectares of topsoil had been replaced since the cleanup began in 1979 at a total cost of ¥ 40.7 billion . The project had been financed by the Japanese national government , Mitsui Mining , and the Gifu and Toyama prefectural governments . See also ( edit ) Heavy metal poisoning Onsan illness References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : ICETT Itai - itai disease ( 1998 ) http://www.icett.or.jp/lpca_jp.nsf/a21a0d8b94740fbd492567ca000d5879/b30e2e489f4b4ff1492567ca0011ff90?OpenDocument Jump up ^ Almeida , P ; Stearns , L ( 1998 ) . `` Political opportunities and local grassroots environmental movement : The case of Minamata '' . Social Problems . 45 ( 1 ) : 37 -- 60 . doi : 10.1525 / sp. 1998.45. 1.03 x0156z . Jump up ^ Itai - itai disease http://www.kanazawa-med.ac.jp/~pubhealt/cadmium2/itaiitai-e/itai01.html ^ Jump up to : Hamilton , J. `` What is Itai - Itai disease '' http://www.accessscience.com/studycenter.aspx?main=9&questionID=4978 Jump up ^ Kyodo News , `` Toyama concludes cadmium cleanup '' , Japan Times , 18 March 2012 , p. 2 . External links ( edit ) Additional Information on Itai - Itai Disease What is Itai - itai disease ? Deletion in proximal tubule cell gene causes symptoms of Itai - Itai ( hide ) Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan Itai - itai disease Minamata disease Niigata Minamata disease Yokkaichi asthma NDL : 00564287 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itai-itai_disease&oldid=807326541 '' Categories : Political scandals in Japan Water pollution in Japan Cadmium Health disasters in Japan Mining in Japan 1912 health disasters 1912 in Japan Toxic effects of metals Hidden categories : Articles containing Japanese - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1993 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1992 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Eesti Español Français 한국어 Italiano മലയാളം 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Slovenščina Српски / srpski Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 27 October 2017 , at 07 : 57 . 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Safety coffin - wikipedia Safety coffin Jump to : navigation , search Taberger 's Safety Coffin employed a bell as a signaling device , for anybody buried alive . A safety coffin or security coffin is a coffin fitted with a mechanism to prevent premature burial or allow the occupant to signal that they have been buried alive . A large number of designs for safety coffins were patented during the 18th and 19th centuries and variations on the idea are still available today . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 `` Saved by the bell '' expression 3 In popular culture 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References History ( edit ) The fear of being buried alive peaked during the cholera epidemics of the 18th and 19th centuries but accounts of live burial have been recorded even further back . When his tomb was reopened , the philosopher John Duns Scotus ( 1266 -- 1308 ) was reportedly found outside his coffin with his hands torn and bloody after attempting to escape . The fears of being buried alive were heightened by reports of doctors and accounts in literature and the newspapers . As well as dealing with the subject in `` The Fall of the House of Usher '' and `` The Cask of Amontillado '' , Edgar Allan Poe wrote `` The Premature Burial '' , which was published in 1844 . It contained accounts of supposedly genuine cases of premature burial as well as detailing the narrator 's own ( perceived ) interment while still alive . The recovery of supposedly dead victims of cholera , as depicted in The Premature Burial by Antoine Wiertz , fuelled the demand for safety coffins . The general fear of premature burial led to the invention of many safety devices which could be incorporated into coffins . Most consisted of some type of device for communication to the outside world such as a cord attached to a bell that the interred person could ring should they revive after the burial . A safety coffin of this type appears in the 1979 film The First Great Train Robbery . Other variations on the bell included flags and pyrotechnics . Some designs included ladders , escape hatches , and even feeding tubes , but many forgot a method for providing air . Robert Robinson died in Manchester in 1791 . A movable glass pane was inserted in his coffin , and the mausoleum had a door for purposes of inspection by a watchman , who was to see if he breathed on the glass . He instructed his relatives to visit his grave periodically to check that he was still dead . The first recorded safety coffin was constructed on the orders of Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick before his death in 1792 . He had a window installed to allow light in , an air tube to provide a supply of fresh air , and instead of having the lid nailed down he had a lock fitted . In a special pocket of his shroud he had two keys , one for the coffin lid and a second for the tomb door . P.G. Pessler , a German priest , suggested in 1798 that all coffins have a tube inserted from which a cord would run to the church bells . If an individual had been buried alive they could draw attention to themself by ringing the bells . This idea , while highly impractical , led to the first designs of safety coffins equipped with signalling systems . Pessler 's colleague , Pastor Beck , suggested that coffins should have a small trumpet - like tube attached . Each day the local priest could check the state of putrefaction of the corpse by sniffing the odours emanating from the tube . If no odour was detected or the priest heard cries for help the coffin could be dug up and the occupant rescued . Dr. Adolf Gutsmuth was buried alive several times to demonstrate a safety coffin of his own design , and in 1822 he stayed underground for several hours and even ate a meal of soup , bratwurst , marzipan , sauerkraut , spätzle , beer , and for dessert , prinzregententorte , delivered to him through the coffin 's feeding tube . The 1820s also saw the use of `` portable death chambers '' in Germany . A small chamber , equipped with a bell for signalling and a window for viewing the body , was constructed over an empty grave . Watchmen would check each day for signs of life or decomposition in each of the chambers . If the bell was rung the `` body '' could be immediately removed , but if the watchman observed signs of putrefaction in the corpse , a door in the floor of the chamber could be opened and the body would drop down into the grave . A panel could then be slid in to cover the grave and the upper chamber removed and reused . In 1829 , Dr. Johann Gottfried Taberger designed a system using a bell which would alert the cemetery nightwatchman . The corpse would have strings attached to its hands , head and feet . A housing around the bell above ground prevented it ringing accidentally . An improvement over previous designs , the housing prevented rainwater from running down the tube and netting prevented insects from entering the coffin . If the bell rang the watchman had to insert a second tube and pump air into the coffin with a bellows to allow the occupant to survive until the casket could be dug up . Vester 's `` Burial Case '' was an elaborate variation on earlier bell and cord systems . The systems using cords tied to the body suffered from the drawback that the natural processes of decay often caused the body to swell or shift position , causing accidental tension on the cords and a `` false positive '' . Franz Vester 's 1868 `` Burial Case '' overcame this problem by adding a tube through which the face of the `` corpse '' could be viewed . If the interred person came to , they could ring the bell ( if not strong enough to ascend the tube by means of a supplied ladder ) and the watchmen could check to see if the person had genuinely returned to life or whether it was merely a movement of the corpse . Vester 's design allowed the viewing tube to be removed and reused once death was assured . Count Michel de Karnice - Karnicki , a chamberlain to the Tsar of Russia , patented his own safety coffin , called Le Karnice , in 1897 and demonstrated it at the Sorbonne the following year . His design detected movement in the coffin and opened a tube to supply air while simultaneously raising a flag and ringing a bell . Le Karnice never caught on : it was too sensitive to allow for even a slight movement in a decaying corpse , and a demonstration in which one of Karnice - Karnicki 's assistants had been buried alive ended badly when the signalling systems failed . Luckily , the breathing tube had activated and the assistant was disinterred unharmed , but the reputation of Le Karnice was damaged beyond repair . In 1995 a modern safety coffin was patented by Fabrizio Caselli . His design included an emergency alarm , intercom system , a torch ( flashlight ) , breathing apparatus , and both a heart monitor and stimulator . Despite the fear of burial while still alive , there are no documented cases of anybody being saved by a safety coffin . `` Saved by the bell '' expression ( edit ) Folk etymology has suggested that perhaps the phrases `` saved by the bell '' , `` dead ringer '' and `` graveyard shift '' come from the use of safety coffins in the Victorian era ; however , these have been dispelled as urban myth , attributed to a linguistic e-mail hoax Life in the 1500s . The `` saved by the bell '' expression is actually well established to have come from boxing , where a boxer who is still on their feet but close to being knocked down can be saved from losing by the bell ringing to indicate the end of the round . In popular culture ( edit ) The 2009 song The Tale of Solomon Snell by Duncan Sheik from his album Whisper House tells the story of a man who for his burial gives instructions to be buried in a safety coffin with a bell mechanism attached but ultimately fails to be saved due to the person in charge of listening to the bell getting drunk . See also ( edit ) Burial vault Lazarus phenomenon Tomb Safety bicycle , invented at about the same time Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0079240/ Jump up ^ James Cocks ; Memorials of Hatherlow and of the old Chadkick Chapel ; Stockport , 1895 . Jump up ^ * `` Safety coffins '' . Australian Museum . 2011 . Retrieved 3 September 2012 . Jump up ^ Wilton , David ( 2009 ) . Word Myths : Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends . Oxford University Press . pp. 75 -- 77 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 537557 - 2 . Jump up ^ Mikkelson , Barbara . `` snopes.com : Life in the 1500s : '' . snopes.com . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 23 . Jump up ^ http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/saved-by-the-bell.html References ( edit ) Patents related to alarms / signals used in connection with coffins for indicating life in persons supposed to be dead . Troy Taylor ( 2000 ) . `` Beyond The Grave '' . Retrieved 5 December 2006 . Jan Bondeson ( 2002 ) . Buried Alive : The Terrifying History of Our Most Primal Fear . WW Norton & Co Ltd . ISBN 0 - 393 - 32222 - X . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safety_coffin&oldid=814019459 '' Categories : Coffins Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español 日本 語 Polski Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 6 December 2017 , at 13 : 14 . About Wikipedia

Question: saying saved by the bell where did it originate

from boxing, where a boxer who is still on their feet but close to being knocked down can be saved from losing by the bell ringing to indicate the end of the round