NBA All - Star Game - wikipedia NBA All - Star Game Jump to : navigation , search National Basketball Association All - Star Game Frequency Annual Inaugurated 1951 Most recent 2018 ( Los Angeles ) Previous event 2017 ( New Orleans ) Next event 2019 ( Charlotte ) Participants Eastern Conference and Western Conference All - Stars Organized by National Basketball Association The National Basketball Association All - Star Game is a basketball exhibition game hosted every February by the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , matching a mix of the league 's star players , who are drafted by the two players with the most votes . Each team consists of 12 players , making it 24 in total . It is the featured event of NBA All - Star Weekend . NBA All - Star Weekend is a three - day event which goes from Friday to Sunday . The All - Star Game was first played at the Boston Garden on March 2 , 1951 . The starting lineup for each squad is selected by a combination of fan , player , and media voting , while the reserves are chosen by a vote among the head coaches from each squad 's respective conference . Coaches are not allowed to vote for their own players . If a selected player is injured and can not participate , the NBA commissioner selects a replacement . The vote leaders for each conferences are assigned as captains and can choose from a pool of players named as all - stars to form their teams . The newly formed teams will also play for a charity of choice to help the games remain competitive . On January 25 , 2018 , LeBron James and Stephen Curry became the first players to form their own teams according to the new selection format for the 2018 All - Star Game . The head coach of the team with the best record in each conference is chosen to lead their respective conference in the All - Star Game , with a prohibition against repeat appearances . Known as the `` Riley Rule '' , it was created after perennially successful Los Angeles Lakers head coach Pat Riley earned the right to coach the Western Conference team eight times in nine seasons between 1982 and 1990 . The coach of the team with the next best record serves instead . The 2017 All - Star Weekend was originally awarded to Charlotte , North Carolina . On March 23 , 2016 , North Carolina passed House Bill 2 as a remedy to Charlotte Ordinance 7056 . This led to the NBA threatening to pull the game from Charlotte if the bill was not repealed or revised so as to not discriminate against the LGBT community . The NBA announced on July 21 , 2016 that the game would be moved from Charlotte to New Orleans . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Features of the All - Star Game 3 All - Star Game records 4 All - Star Game results 5 Other All - Star events 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links History ( edit ) The idea of holding an All - Star Game was conceived during a meeting between NBA President Maurice Podoloff , NBA publicity director Haskell Cohen and Boston Celtics owner Walter A. Brown . At that time , the basketball world had just been stunned by the college basketball point - shaving scandal . In order to regain public attention to the league , Cohen suggested the league to host an exhibition game featuring the league 's best players , similar to Major League Baseball 's All - Star Game . Although most people , including Podoloff , were pessimistic about the idea , Brown remained confident that it would be a success , and he even offered to host the game and to cover all the expenses or potential losses incurred from the game . In the first All - Star Game , the Eastern All - Stars team defeated the Western All - Stars team 111 -- 94 . Boston Celtics ' Ed Macauley was named as the first NBA All - Star Game Most Valuable Player , and the All - Star Game became a success , drawing an attendance of 10,094 , much higher than that season 's average attendance of 3,500 . In 2010 , the NBA All Star Game attendance record was set when 108,713 fans jammed Cowboys Stadium in Arlington , Texas . This shattered the existing attendance record previously held at Ford Field on Dec. 13 , 2003 when 78,129 attendees watched Michigan State play Kentucky . On October 3 , 2017 , the NBA and NBPA announced the changes to the NBA All - Star Game format starting with the 2018 NBA All - Star Game . The vote leaders for each conferences will be assigned as team captains and will be able to select players from the rest of the starters and the reserves , regardless of the conference they play in , to form their own teams . This marks the first time , the conferences will not play against each other since the inaugural All - Star Game . Features of the All - Star Game ( edit ) The starting five from each conference consists of three frontcourt players and two guards , selected by a combination of fan , player , and media voting . In 2017 , the NBA moved from a pure fan vote to a weighted process wherein fan voting accounts for 50 % of the total and player and media voting account for 25 % each . The league made the change in response to social media campaigns that resulted in mediocre players such as journeyman Zaza Pachulia nearly being voted as All - Star starters over more deserving players. , Prior to 2013 , fans selected two forwards and one center instead of generic frontcourt players . The NBA in 2003 began offering All - Star ballots in three languages -- English , Spanish and Chinese -- for fan voting of the starters . NBA coaches vote for the reserves for their respective conferences , none of which can be players on their own team . Each coach selects two guards , three frontcourt players and two wild cards , with each selected player ranked in order of preference within each category . If a multi-position player is to be selected , coaches are encouraged to vote for the player at the position that is `` most advantageous for the All - Star team '' , regardless of where the player is listed on the All - Star ballot or the position he is listed in box scores . If a player is unavailable for the game due to injury , the NBA commissioner selects a replacement for the roster . If the replacement is for a fan - selected starter , the all - star coach chooses the replacement in the starting lineup , and is not limited to the commissioner 's addition to the roster . It is also possible for more than one All - Star to be selected from one team , but there has never been more than 4 All - Stars represent a team in the game . Most recently was the 2017 Golden State Warriors who had 4 players represent that team ( Stephen Curry , Kevin Durant , Draymond Green , and Klay Thompson . ) This has only occurred 8 times dating back to 1962 Boston Celtics and the 1962 Los Angeles Lakers . The Game is played under normal NBA rules , but there are notable differences from an average game . Since the starting All - Stars are selected by fan vote , players sometimes start the game at atypical positions . For instance , in 2007 Kobe Bryant and Tracy McGrady had the two highest fan vote totals among Western Conference guards . As both players normally play shooting guard , Bryant , who is 6'6 '' ( 198 cm ) , started the game as a point guard , despite him also manning the shooting guard position on his team . The player introductions are usually accompanied by a significant amount of fanfare , including lighting effects , dance music , and pyrotechnics . Special uniforms are designed for the game each year , usually red for the Western Conference and blue for the Eastern Conference , but the 1997 -- 2002 games allowed players the opportunity to wear their respective team uniforms , and until 2009 and from 2015 to the present , the host conference wore light uniforms . Originally players from the same team who share a number have the option to either keep or change numbers ( e.g. Patrick Ewing trading his familiar # 33 for # 3 because of Larry Bird wearing the same number ) , but since 1997 players from the same team can keep their customary uniform numbers even if they share them . A major recording artist typically sings `` O Canada '' and `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' prior to tipoff . One of the more memorable performances was given by Marvin Gaye during the 1983 game ; Gaye was accompanied by Gordon Banks , who played a tape from an all night session that used numerous elements of soul music and funk , and Banks still has that historic tape of the music to which Gaye sang his soulful version . Gameplay usually involves players attempting spectacular slam dunks and alley oops . Defensive effort is usually limited and the final score of the game is generally much higher than an average NBA game . The coaches also try to give most of the reserve players some time on the court instead of using a limited rotation as they would in a normal game , but giving the starters more minutes because that 's who the fans want to see most . The fourth quarter of the game is often played in a more competitive fashion , if the game is close . Halftime is also longer than a typical NBA game due to musical performances by popular artists . Recent guests have included Michael Jackson , Snoop Dogg , Ariana Grande , Elton John , Beyoncé , Mariah Carey , OutKast , Alicia Keys , Shakira , Rihanna , Nicki Minaj , Kendrick Lamar , Christina Aguilera , Pharrell Williams , Migos , and John Legend . All - Star Game records ( edit ) Main article : NBA All - Star Game records All - Star Game results ( edit ) This is a list of each All - Star Game , the venue at which it was played , and the Game MVP . Parenthesized numbers indicate multiple times that venue , city , or player has occurred as of that instance ( e.g. `` Michael Jordan ( 2 ) '' in 1996 indicates that was his second All - Star MVP award ) . As of the 2017 All - Star Game ( the 2016 -- 17 NBA season ) , the Eastern Conference leads with a record of 37 wins and 29 losses . The Western Conference has won the last 3 games . Eastern Conference ( 37 wins ) Western Conference ( 29 wins ) Note : Stadium names are named based on the name at the day of the All - Star Game . Year Result Host arena Host city Game MVP 1951 East 111 , West 94 Boston Garden Boston , Massachusetts Ed Macauley , Boston Celtics 1952 East 108 , West 91 Boston Garden ( 2 ) Boston , Massachusetts ( 2 ) Paul Arizin , Philadelphia Warriors 1953 West 79 , East 75 Allen County War Memorial Coliseum Fort Wayne , Indiana George Mikan , Minneapolis Lakers 1954 East 98 , West 93 ( OT ) Madison Square Garden III * * New York City , New York Bob Cousy , Boston Celtics 1955 East 100 , West 91 Madison Square Garden III * * ( 2 ) New York City , New York ( 2 ) Bill Sharman , Boston Celtics 1956 West 108 , East 94 Rochester War Memorial Coliseum Rochester , New York Bob Pettit , St. Louis Hawks 1957 East 109 , West 97 Boston Garden ( 3 ) Boston , Massachusetts ( 3 ) Bob Cousy ( 2 ) , Boston Celtics 1958 East 130 , West 118 St. Louis Arena St. Louis , Missouri Bob Pettit ( 2 ) , St. Louis Hawks 1959 West 124 , East 108 Olympia Stadium Detroit , Michigan Elgin Baylor , Minneapolis Lakers Bob Pettit ( 3 ) , St. Louis Hawks 1960 East 125 , West 115 Convention Hall Philadelphia , Pennsylvania Wilt Chamberlain , Philadelphia Warriors 1961 West 153 , East 131 Onondaga County War Memorial Coliseum Syracuse , New York Oscar Robertson , Cincinnati Royals 1962 West 150 , East 130 St. Louis Arena ( 2 ) St. Louis , Missouri ( 2 ) Bob Pettit ( 4 ) , St. Louis Hawks 1963 East 115 , West 108 LA Sports Arena Los Angeles , California Bill Russell , Boston Celtics 1964 East 111 , West 107 Boston Garden ( 4 ) Boston , Massachusetts ( 4 ) Oscar Robertson ( 2 ) , Cincinnati Royals 1965 East 124 , West 123 St. Louis Arena ( 3 ) St. Louis , Missouri ( 3 ) Jerry Lucas , Cincinnati Royals 1966 East 137 , West 94 Cincinnati Gardens Cincinnati , Ohio Adrian Smith , Cincinnati Royals 1967 West 135 , East 120 Cow Palace Daly City , California Rick Barry , San Francisco Warriors 1968 East 144 , West 124 Madison Square Garden III * * ( 3 ) New York City , New York ( 3 ) Hal Greer , Philadelphia 76ers 1969 East 123 , West 112 Baltimore Civic Center Baltimore , Maryland Oscar Robertson ( 3 ) , Cincinnati Royals 1970 East 142 , West 135 The Spectrum Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ( 2 ) Willis Reed , New York Knicks 1971 West 108 , East 107 San Diego Sports Arena San Diego , California Lenny Wilkens , Seattle SuperSonics 1972 West 112 , East 110 The Forum Inglewood , California Jerry West , Los Angeles Lakers 1973 East 104 , West 84 Chicago Stadium Chicago , Illinois Dave Cowens , Boston Celtics West 134 , East 123 Seattle Center Coliseum Seattle , Washington Bob Lanier , Detroit Pistons East 108 , West 102 Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum Phoenix , Arizona Walt Frazier , New York Knicks 1976 East 123 , West 109 The Spectrum ( 2 ) Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ( 3 ) Dave Bing , Washington Bullets 1977 West 125 , East 124 Milwaukee Arena Milwaukee , Wisconsin Julius Erving , Philadelphia 76ers 1978 East 133 , West 125 Omni Coliseum Atlanta , Georgia Randy Smith , Buffalo Braves 1979 West 134 , East 129 Pontiac Silverdome Pontiac , Michigan † David Thompson , Denver Nuggets 1980 East 144 , West 136 ( OT ) Capital Centre Landover , Maryland George Gervin , San Antonio Spurs 1981 East 123 , West 120 Coliseum at Richfield Richfield , Ohio Nate Archibald , Boston Celtics 1982 East 120 , West 118 Brendan Byrne Arena East Rutherford , New Jersey Larry Bird , Boston Celtics East 132 , West 123 The Forum ( 2 ) Inglewood , California ( 2 ) Julius Erving ( 2 ) , Philadelphia 76ers 1984 East 154 , West 145 ( OT ) McNichols Sports Arena Denver , Colorado Isiah Thomas , Detroit Pistons 1985 West 140 , East 129 Hoosier Dome Indianapolis , Indiana † Ralph Sampson , Houston Rockets 1986 East 139 , West 132 Reunion Arena Dallas , Texas Isiah Thomas ( 2 ) , Detroit Pistons West 154 , East 149 ( OT ) Kingdome Seattle , Washington † ( 2 ) Tom Chambers , Seattle SuperSonics 1988 East 138 , West 133 Chicago Stadium ( 2 ) Chicago , Illinois ( 2 ) Michael Jordan , Chicago Bulls 1989 West 143 , East 134 Astrodome Houston , Texas † Karl Malone , Utah Jazz 1990 East 130 , West 113 Miami Arena Miami , Florida Magic Johnson , Los Angeles Lakers 1991 East 116 , West 114 Charlotte Coliseum Charlotte , North Carolina Charles Barkley , Philadelphia 76ers 1992 West 153 , East 113 Orlando Arena Orlando , Florida Magic Johnson ( 2 ) , Los Angeles Lakers 1993 West 135 , East 132 ( OT ) Delta Center Salt Lake City , Utah Karl Malone ( 2 ) , Utah Jazz John Stockton , Utah Jazz 1994 East 127 , West 118 Target Center Minneapolis , Minnesota Scottie Pippen , Chicago Bulls 1995 West 139 , East 112 America West Arena § Phoenix , Arizona ( 2 ) Mitch Richmond , Sacramento Kings East 129 , West 118 Alamodome San Antonio , Texas Michael Jordan ( 2 ) , Chicago Bulls 1997 East 132 , West 120 Gund Arena Cleveland , Ohio Glen Rice , Charlotte Hornets 1998 East 135 , West 114 Madison Square Garden * * * New York City , New York ( 4 ) Michael Jordan ( 3 ) , Chicago Bulls 1999 Canceled due to the league 's lockout . The game was originally set to play at the First Union Center in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . 2000 West 137 , East 126 The Arena in Oakland Oakland , California Tim Duncan , San Antonio Spurs Shaquille O'Neal , Los Angeles Lakers 2001 East 111 , West 110 MCI Center Washington , D.C. Allen Iverson , Philadelphia 76ers 2002 West 135 , East 120 First Union Center Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ( 4 ) Kobe Bryant , Los Angeles Lakers 2003 West 155 , East 145 ( 2 OT ) Philips Arena Atlanta , Georgia ( 2 ) Kevin Garnett , Minnesota Timberwolves West 136 , East 132 Staples Center Los Angeles , California ( 2 ) Shaquille O'Neal ( 2 ) , Los Angeles Lakers 2005 East 125 , West 115 Pepsi Center Denver , Colorado ( 2 ) Allen Iverson ( 2 ) , Philadelphia 76ers 2006 East 122 , West 120 Toyota Center Houston , Texas ( 2 ) LeBron James , Cleveland Cavaliers 2007 West 153 , East 132 Thomas & Mack Center Las Vegas , Nevada * Kobe Bryant ( 2 ) , Los Angeles Lakers 2008 East 134 , West 128 New Orleans Arena § New Orleans , Louisiana LeBron James ( 2 ) , Cleveland Cavaliers 2009 West 146 , East 119 US Airways Center ( 2 ) Phoenix , Arizona ( 3 ) Kobe Bryant ( 3 ) , Los Angeles Lakers Shaquille O'Neal ( 3 ) , Phoenix Suns East 141 , West 139 Cowboys Stadium Arlington , Texas # † Dwyane Wade , Miami Heat 2011 West 148 , East 143 Staples Center ( 2 ) Los Angeles , California ( 3 ) Kobe Bryant ( 4 ) , Los Angeles Lakers 2012 West 152 , East 149 Amway Center Orlando , Florida ( 2 ) Kevin Durant , Oklahoma City Thunder 2013 West 143 , East 138 Toyota Center ( 2 ) Houston , Texas ( 3 ) Chris Paul , Los Angeles Clippers 2014 East 163 , West 155 Smoothie King Center ( 2 ) New Orleans , Louisiana ( 2 ) Kyrie Irving , Cleveland Cavaliers 2015 West 163 , East 158 Madison Square Garden ( 2 ) * * * / Barclays Center New York City , New York ( 5 ) Russell Westbrook , Oklahoma City Thunder 2016 West 196 , East 173 Air Canada Centre Toronto , Ontario Russell Westbrook ( 2 ) , Oklahoma City Thunder 2017 West 192 , East 182 Smoothie King Center ( 3 ) New Orleans , Louisiana ( 3 ) Anthony Davis , New Orleans Pelicans 2018 Team LeBron 148 , Team Stephen 145 Staples Center ( 3 ) Los Angeles , California ( 4 ) LeBron James ( 3 ) , Cleveland Cavaliers 2019 TBA vs. TBA Spectrum Center Charlotte , North Carolina ( 2 ) 2020 TBA vs. TBA United Center Chicago , Illinois ( 3 ) 2021 TBA vs. TBA Bankers Life Fieldhouse Indianapolis , Indiana ( 2 ) Notes * denotes a city without an NBA team in play during that calendar year . * * denotes game played at the `` third '' Madison Square Garden on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets , which the first three NBA All - Star Games played in Madison Square Garden ( 1954 , 1955 and 1968 ) were . * * * denotes game played at the `` fourth '' ( or current as of 2017 ) Madison Square Garden that runs from 31st to 33rd Streets from 8th to west of 7th Avenues above the western half of Penn Station in Manhattan that opened in February 1968 , approximately one month after the 1968 game was played in the `` old '' MSG . † denotes an NBA All - Star Game that is held at an NFL or MLB stadium . § denotes a stadium or arena whose venue name has since changed AND the venue has hosted a subsequent NBA All - Star Game under the alternate name . Portland , Sacramento , Memphis , and Oklahoma City are the only current NBA cities that have not yet hosted an NBA All - Star Game . New arenas that have not hosted the All - Star Game are BMO Harris Bradley Center in Milwaukee , United Center in Chicago ( set to host the 2020 game ) , TD Garden in Boston , American Airlines Arena in Miami , Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis ( set to host the 2021 game ) , American Airlines Center in Dallas , Spectrum Center in Charlotte ( set to host the 2019 game ) , AT&T Center in San Antonio , and Little Caesars Arena in Detroit . # Arlington , Texas does not have an NBA team within its city limits , but it is a part of the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex that has an NBA team ( the Dallas Mavericks ) . Other All - Star events ( edit ) Main article : NBA All - Star Weekend The All - Star Game is the featured event of All - Star Weekend , and it is held on a Sunday night . All - Star Weekend also includes a number of popular exhibition games and competitions featuring NBA players and alumni as well as players from the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) and NBA G League ( G League ) . See also ( edit ) National Basketball Association portal List of NBA All - Stars WNBA All - Star Game Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Although Brooklyn has not hosted an All - Star Game , New York City has hosted at the third and current Madison Square Gardens , both home to the New York Knicks . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` How NBA 's new voting format determined All - Star starters , snubs '' . ESPN . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 03 . ^ Jump up to : `` Anthony snubbed when All - Star reserves announced '' . espn.com . Associated Press . February 1 , 2007 . Retrieved February 2 , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : `` No more East vs. West as NBA revamps All - Star Game format '' . NBA.com . October 3 , 2017 . Retrieved October 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Barnewall , Chris . `` NBA All - Star Game draft results : LeBron James , Stephen Curry select their teams '' . CBS Sports . CBS . Retrieved 26 January 2018 . Jump up ^ Goldstein , Richard ( July 3 , 2000 ) . `` Haskell Cohen , 86 , Publicist ; Created N.B.A. All - Star Game '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Forrester , Paul ( February 16 , 2007 ) . `` That 's entertainment ; Counting down the top 15 All - Star Weekend moments '' . Sports Illustrated . Time Warner Company . Retrieved June 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Penikis , Andrejs. `` 57 Memorable All - Star Moments -- 1950s '' . NBA.com . Turner Sports Interactive , Inc . Archived from the original on March 5 , 2009 . Retrieved June 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ MacMahon , Tim . `` Jones , Cuban hoping to break 100,000 '' . ESPNDallas.com . Jump up ^ `` Players and media can now vote on NBA All - Star starters '' . SBNation.com . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 03 . Jump up ^ Beck , Howard ( October 24 , 2012 ) . `` The All - Star Center is Officially Extinct '' . New York Times . Retrieved October 24 , 2012 . The N.B.A. , bowing to new realities in a multi-positional era , has eliminated `` center '' from its All - Star ballots for the 2012 -- 13 season . Instead , fans will vote for three frontcourt players and two guards . Jump up ^ Vecsey , George ( January 12 , 2003 ) . `` Fans in Shanghai Are Voting in the Mainstream '' . The New York Times . Archived from the original on August 2 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Stein , Marc ( January 18 , 2013 ) . `` 1 . Reserve Judgment : Stein 's All - Star Benches '' . ESPN . Archived from the original on January 24 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` DeMarcus Cousins to replace Kobe Bryant in 2015 NBA All - Star Game '' ( Press release ) . NBA . January 30 , 2015 . Archived from the original on January 30 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Trivia : NBA Teams with 4 All - Stars '' . Jump up ^ Steele , David ( December 9 , 1998 ) . `` NBA Drops All - Stars -- What 's Left ? February game in Philly latest casualty of lockout '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved December 17 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Charlotte to host NBA All - Star 2019 '' . NBA.com . May 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Chicago to host NBA All - Star 2020 '' . NBA.com . November 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` CIndianapolis selected to host NBA All - Star 2021 '' . NBA.com . December 13 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) NBA All - Star Game at NBA.com NBA All - Star Game at Basketball-Reference.com NBA All - Star Game at ESPN.com NBA All - Star Games All - Star Weekend Rising Stars Challenge Shooting Stars Competition Skills Challenge Three - Point Contest Slam Dunk Contest H-O-R-S-E Competition Celebrity Game Legends Classic All - Star Game MVP Award Records List of NBA All - Stars Vote leaders Head coaches Broadcasters TV ratings G League All - Star Game WNBA All - Star Game 1950s 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020s 2020 2021 NBA All - Star Game Most Valuable Player Award 1951 : Macauley 1952 : Arizin 1953 : Mikan 1954 : Cousy 1955 : Sharman 1956 : Pettit 1957 : Cousy 1958 : Pettit 1959 : Baylor & Pettit 1960 : Chamberlain 1961 : Robertson 1962 : Pettit 1963 : Russell 1964 : Robertson 1965 : Lucas 1966 : A. Smith 1967 : Barry 1968 : Greer 1969 : Robertson 1970 : Reed 1971 : Wilkens 1972 : West 1973 : Cowens 1974 : Lanier 1975 : Frazier 1976 : Bing 1977 : Erving 1978 : R. Smith 1979 : Thompson 1980 : Gervin 1981 : Archibald 1982 : Bird 1983 : Erving 1984 : Thomas 1985 : Sampson 1986 : Thomas 1987 : Chambers 1988 : Jordan 1989 : Malone 1990 : Johnson 1991 : Barkley 1992 : Johnson 1993 : Stockton & Malone 1994 : Pippen 1995 : Richmond 1996 : Jordan 1997 : Rice 1998 : Jordan 1999 : No game played 2000 : O'Neal & Duncan 2001 : Iverson 2002 : Bryant 2003 : Garnett 2004 : O'Neal 2005 : Iverson 2006 : James 2007 : Bryant 2008 : James 2009 : Bryant & O'Neal 2010 : Wade 2011 : Bryant 2012 : Durant 2013 : Paul 2014 : Irving 2015 : Westbrook 2016 : Westbrook 2017 : Davis National Basketball Association Eastern Conference Atlantic Boston Celtics Brooklyn Nets New York Knicks Philadelphia 76ers Toronto Raptors Central Chicago Bulls Cleveland Cavaliers Detroit Pistons Indiana Pacers Milwaukee Bucks Southeast Atlanta Hawks Charlotte Hornets Miami Heat Orlando Magic Washington Wizards Western Conference Northwest Denver Nuggets Minnesota Timberwolves Oklahoma City Thunder Portland Trail Blazers Utah Jazz Pacific Golden State Warriors Los Angeles Clippers Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns Sacramento Kings Southwest Dallas Mavericks Houston Rockets Memphis Grizzlies New Orleans Pelicans San Antonio Spurs Annual events Draft Eligibility Summer League Christmas Day All - Star Weekend Game Global Games Africa 2015 , Africa 2017 Playoffs List Finals Champions History Predecessors BAA NBL ABA Merger Criticisms and controversies 2007 Tim Donaghy betting scandal Lockouts Seasons Records regular season post-season All - Star Game Win - loss records Personalities Players Current rosters Foreign players Race and ethnicity First overall draft picks Highest paid Retired numbers Banned or suspended NBPA Head coaches Current Player - coaches Champions Foreign coaches NBCA Owners Referees Awards and honors Larry O'Brien Trophy NBA Awards NBA MVP Finals MVP All - Star Game MVP Hall of Fame Members NBA Silver Anniversary Team NBA 35th Anniversary Team 50 Greatest Players Others Arenas Business Collective bargaining agreement Salary cap NBA Store Culture Cheerleading Mascots Dress code G League Midwest Division Media TV NBA TV Rivalries Teams Defunct Expansion Relocated Timeline WNBA Basketball in the United States Portal 2017 -- 18 season Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NBA_All-Star_Game&oldid=835288485 '' Categories : Recurring sporting events established in 1951 National Basketball Association All - Star Game Basketball All - Star Games Annual sporting events in the United States 1951 establishments in the United States Hidden categories : Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2017 All articles containing potentially dated statements Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Български Català Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Latviešu Lietuvių Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 26 more Edit links This page was last edited on 7 April 2018 , at 19 : 16 . 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Question: who has the most votes for the all star game


Mad Max - Wikipedia Mad Max Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Mad Max ( disambiguation ) . Mad Max Australian theatrical release poster Directed by George Miller Produced by Byron Kennedy Screenplay by James McCausland George Miller Story by George Miller Byron Kennedy Starring Mel Gibson Joanne Samuel Hugh Keays - Byrne Geoff Parry Steve Bisley Tim Burns Roger Ward Music by Brian May Cinematography David Eggby Edited by Tony Paterson Cliff Hayes Production company Kennedy Miller Productions Crossroads Mad Max Films Distributed by Roadshow Film Distributors Release date 12 April 1979 ( 1979 - 04 - 12 ) Running time 93 minutes Country Australia Language English Budget A $ 350,000 -- 400,000 Box office US $100 million Mad Max is a 1979 Australian dystopian action film directed by George Miller , produced by Byron Kennedy , and starring Mel Gibson as `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky , Joanne Samuel , Hugh Keays - Byrne , Steve Bisley , Tim Burns , and Roger Ward . James McCausland and Miller wrote the screenplay from a story by Miller and Kennedy . The film presents a tale of societal collapse , murder , and revenge set in a future Australia , in which an unhinged policeman becomes embroiled in a violent feud with a savage motorcycle gang . Principal photography took place in and around Melbourne , Australia , and lasted six weeks . The film initially received a polarized reception upon its release in April 1979 , although it won three AACTA Awards and attracted a cult following , while its critical reputation has grown since . The film earned more than US $ 100 million worldwide in gross revenue . It held the Guinness record for most profitable film and has been credited for further opening up the global market to Australian New Wave films . The film became the first in the Mad Max series , giving rise to three sequels , Mad Max 2 ( 1981 ) , Beyond Thunderdome ( 1985 ) , and Fury Road ( 2015 ) . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Development 3.2 Casting 3.3 Vehicles 3.4 Filming 3.5 Post-production 3.6 Music 4 Release 5 Reception 5.1 Accolades 5.2 Legacy 6 References 7 External links Plot ( edit ) `` A few years from now '' , when society is teetering upon the brink of collapse , berserk motorbike gang member Crawford `` Nightrider '' Montazano ( Vincent Gil ) steals a Pursuit Special , which he uses to escape from police custody after killing a rookie officer of an Australian highway patrol called the Main Force Patrol ( MFP ) . Even though he manages to elude other MFP officers , the MFP 's top pursuit man Max Rockatansky ( Mel Gibson ) then engages the less - skilled Nightrider in a high - speed chase . Crawford breaks off first , but then is unable to recover his concentration before he and his girlfriend are killed in a fiery crash . At the MFP garage , Max is shown what one of the MFP mechanics has been working on : a supercharged black Pursuit Special , the last of the V8 Interceptors . Meanwhile , Nightrider 's motorbike gang , led by Toecutter ( Hugh Keays - Byrne ) and Bubba Zanetti ( Geoff Parry ) , run roughshod over a town , vandalising property , stealing fuel , and terrorising the population . They trap a young couple in a car , destroy the car , and it is implied that they rape the couple . Max and fellow officer Jim Goose ( Steve Bisley ) arrest Toecutter 's young protégé Johnny the Boy ( Tim Burns ) at the scene . When neither the rape victims nor any of the townspeople show for Johnny 's trial , the federal courts close the case , Johnny 's attorneys releasing him into Bubba 's custody over Goose 's furious objections . While Goose visits a nightclub in the city the next day , Johnny sabotages his police motorbike in the parking lot . After being thrown into a field at high speed uninjured during a ride , Goose borrows a ute to haul his damaged bike back to the MFP . However , Johnny ambushes Goose off the road by throwing a brake drum through his windshield , and , at Toecutter 's insistence , throws a match into the wreck of the ute , igniting the gasoline and burning Goose alive . After seeing Goose 's charred body in a hospital intensive - care unit , Max becomes disillusioned with the MFP , and informs his superior Fifi Macaffee ( Roger Ward ) that he will resign . Fifi convinces Max to take a vacation first before he submits his final letter of resignation . Max takes his wife Jessie ( Joanne Samuel ) and their infant son Sprog ( Brendan Heath ) on vacation in a panel van . When they stop to fix the spare tyre , Jessie takes Sprog to buy ice cream . They encounter Toecutter and his gang , who attempt to molest Jessie , but Jessie kicks Toecutter in the crotch , picks up Sprog and escapes with him in the car . They flee to a remote farm owned by an elderly friend named May Swaisey ( Sheila Florance ) . Toecutter 's gang follows them there and ambushes Jessie in the woods . With May 's help , Jessie and Sprog escape , but when they try to drive away , the van overheats and they are run over by the gang while trying to escape on foot . Sprog is killed and Jessie is badly injured . Max arrives too late to do anything . Jessie is near death in a hospital ICU , and the loss of his family ultimately drives Max into a mad rage . He dons his police uniform and takes the black Pursuit Special from the MFP garage to pursue and eliminate the gang . He rams several gang members off a bridge at high speed , kills Bubba during an ambush , and forces Toecutter into the path of a speeding semi-trailer truck . Finally , Max locates Johnny at a car wreck stealing the boots of its dead driver . Max handcuffs Johnny 's ankle to the wrecked vehicle , and sets a crude time - delay fuse involving a slow petrol leak and Johnny 's lighter . Max throws Johnny a hacksaw , leaving him the choice of sawing through either the handcuffs or his ankle in order to escape within the given time limit . As Max drives away from the bridge , the vehicle explodes . Now a shell of his former self , Max drives on to points unknown . Cast ( edit ) Mel Gibson as Max Rockatansky Joanne Samuel as Jessie Rockatansky Hugh Keays - Byrne as Toecutter Steve Bisley as Jim `` Goose '' Rains Tim Burns as Johnny the Boy Roger Ward as Fred `` Fifi '' Macaffee Geoff Parry as Bubba Zanetti Jonathan Hardy as Police Commissioner Labatouche Brendan Heath as Sprog Rockatansky Sheila Florence as May Swaisey Vincent Gil as Crawford `` The Nightrider '' Montazano Production ( edit ) Development ( edit ) George Miller was a medical doctor in Sydney , working in a hospital emergency room where he saw many injuries and deaths of the types depicted in the film . He also witnessed many car accidents growing up in rural Queensland and lost at least three friends to accidents as a teenager . While in residency at a Sydney hospital , Miller met amateur filmmaker Byron Kennedy at a summer film school in 1971 . The duo produced a short film , Violence in the Cinema , Part 1 , which was screened at a number of film festivals and won several awards . Eight years later , the duo produced Mad Max , working with first - time screenwriter James McCausland ( who appears in the film as the bearded man in an apron in front of the diner ) . According to Miller , his interest while writing Mad Max was `` a silent movie with sound '' , employing highly kinetic images reminiscent of Buster Keaton and Harold Lloyd while the narrative itself was basic and simple . Miller believed that audiences would find his violent story more believable if set in a bleak dystopian future . Screenwriter McCausland drew heavily from his observations of the 1973 oil crisis ' effects on Australian motorists : Yet there were further signs of the desperate measures individuals would take to ensure mobility . A couple of oil strikes that hit many pumps revealed the ferocity with which Australians would defend their right to fill a tank . Long queues formed at the stations with petrol -- and anyone who tried to sneak ahead in the queue met raw violence ... George and I wrote the ( Mad Max ) script based on the thesis that people would do almost anything to keep vehicles moving and the assumption that nations would not consider the huge costs of providing infrastructure for alternative energy until it was too late . -- James McCausland , writing on peak oil in The Courier - Mail , 2006 Kennedy and Miller first took the film to Graham Burke of Roadshow , who was enthusiastic . The producers felt they would be unable to raise money from the government bodies `` because Australian producers were making art films , and the corporations and commissions seemed to endorse them whole - heartedly '' , according to Kennedy . They designed a 40 - page presentation , circulated it widely , and eventually raised the money . Kennedy and Miller also contributed funds themselves by doing three months of emergency medical calls , with Kennedy driving the car while Miller did the doctoring . Miller claimed the final budget was between $350,000 and $400,000 . His brother Bill Miller was an associate producer on the film . Casting ( edit ) George Miller had considered an American actor to `` get the film seen as widely as possible '' and even travelled to Los Angeles , but eventually opted to not do so as `` the whole budget would be taken up by a so - called American name . '' So instead the cast would deliberately feature lesser known actors so they did not carry past associations with them . Miller 's first choice for the role of Max was the Irish - born James Healey , who at the time worked at a Melbourne abattoir and was seeking a new acting job . Upon reading the script Healey declined , finding the meager , terse dialogue too unappealing . Casting director Mitch Mathews invited for Mad Max a class of recent National Institute of Dramatic Art graduates , specifically asking a NIDA teacher for `` spunky young guys '' . Among these actors was Mel Gibson , whose audition impressed Miller and Matthews and earned him the role of Max . An apocryphal tale stated that Gibson went to auditions in poor shape following a fight , but this has been denied by both Matthews and Miller . Gibson 's friend and classmate Steve Bisley , who worked with him in his only screen role , 1976 's Summer City , became Max 's partner Jim Goose . A classmate of both , Judy Davis , was said to have auditioned and passed over , but Miller has declared she was only in Matthews ' studio to accompany Gibson and Bisley . Most of the biker gang extras were members of actual Australian outlaw motorcycle clubs and rode their own motorcycles in the film . They were even forced to ride the motorcycles from their residence in Sydney to the shooting locations in Melbourne because the budget did not allow for aerial transport . Three of the main cast members ( Hugh Keays - Byrne , Roger Ward and Vincent Gil ) had previously appeared in Stone , a 1974 film about biker gangs that is said to have inspired Miller . Vehicles ( edit ) Some of this section 's listed sources may not be reliable . Please help this article by looking for better , more reliable sources . Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted . ( February 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Max 's yellow Interceptor was a 1974 Ford Falcon XB sedan ( previously a Victoria police car ) with a 351 c.i.d. Cleveland V8 engine . Mad Max Interceptor replica outside the Boston , Massachusetts area The Big Bopper , driven by Roop and Charlie , was also a 1974 Ford Falcon XB sedan and a former Victoria police car , but was powered by a 302 c.i.d. V8 . The March Hare , driven by Sarse and Scuttle , was an in - line - six - powered 1972 Ford Falcon XA sedan ( this car was formerly a Melbourne taxi cab ) . The most memorable car , Max 's black Pursuit Special was a 1973 Ford XB Falcon GT351 , a limited edition hardtop ( sold in Australia from December 1973 to August 1976 ) , which was primarily modified by Murray Smith , Peter Arcadipane , and Ray Beckerley . The main modifications are the Concorde front end and the supercharger protruding through the bonnet ( for looks only ; it was not functional ) . The Concorde front was a fairly new accessory at the time , designed by Peter Arcadipane at Ford Australia as a showpiece , and later became available to the general public because of its popularity . After filming of the first movie was completed , the car went up for sale , but no buyers were found ; eventually it was given to Smith . When production of Mad Max 2 began , Miller brought the car back for use in the sequel . Once filming was over the car was left at a wrecking yard in Adelaide since it again found no buyers , and was bought and restored by Bob Forsenko . Eventually it was sold again and was put on display in the Cars of the Stars Motor Museum in Cumbria , England . When the museum closed , the car went to a collection in the Dezer Museum in Miami , Florida . Replica Mad Max Pursuit Special vehicle outside the Silverton Hotel The Nightrider 's vehicle , another Pursuit Special , was a 1972 Holden HQ Monaro LS coupe , also tuned but deliberately damaged to look like it had been involved in crashes . The car driven by the young couple that is vandalised and then finally destroyed by the bikers is a 1959 Chevrolet Bel Air Sedan , also modified to look like a hot - rod car with fake fuel injection stacks , fat tires , and a flame red paint job . Of the motorcycles that appear in the film , 14 were Kawasaki Kz1000 donated by a local Kawasaki dealer . All were modified in appearance by Melbourne business La Parisienne -- one as the MFP bike ridden by ' The Goose ' and the balance for members of the Toecutter 's gang , played in the film by members of a local Victorian motorcycle club , the Vigilantes . By the end of filming , fourteen vehicles had been destroyed in the chase and crash scenes , including the director 's personal Mazda Bongo ( the small , blue van that spins uncontrollably after being struck by the Big Bopper in the film 's opening chase ) . Filming ( edit ) Originally , filming was scheduled to take ten weeks -- six weeks of first unit , and four weeks on stunt and chase sequences . However , four days into shooting , Rosie Bailey , who was originally cast as Max 's wife , was injured in a bike accident . Production was halted , and Bailey was replaced by Joanne Samuel , causing a two - week delay . In the end , the shoot took six weeks over November and December 1977 , with a further six - week second unit . The unit reconvened two months later , in May 1978 , and spent another two weeks doing second unit shots and re-staging some stunts . Miller described the whole experience as `` guerrilla filmmaking '' , where the crew would close roads without filming permits , not use walkie - talkies because their frequency coincided with the police radio , and after filming was done Miller and Kennedy would even sweep down the roads . Still , as filming progressed the Victoria Police became interested in the production , helping the crew by closing down roads and escorting the vehicles . Because of the film 's low budget , all but one of the police uniforms in the film were made of vinyl leather , with only one genuine leather uniform made for stunt sequences involving Bisley and Gibson . Shooting took place in and around Melbourne . Many of the car chase scenes for Mad Max were filmed near the town of Little River , northeast of Geelong . The early town scenes with the Toe Cutter Gang were filmed in the main street of Clunes , north of Ballarat . Much of the streetscape remains unchanged . Some scenes were filmed at Tin City at Stockton Beach . The `` execution of the mannequin '' scene was filmed at Seaford Beach in Seaford , Victoria . Mad Max was one of the first Australian films to be shot with a widescreen anamorphic lens , although Peter Weir 's The Cars That Ate Paris ( 1974 ) was shot in anamorphic four years earlier . Miller 's desire to shoot in anamorphic made him seek a set of Todd - AO wide angle lenses used by Sam Peckinpah to film The Getaway ( 1972 ) , which were damaged enough in that shoot to get discarded in Australia . The only one which worked properly was a 35mm lens which was employed in the whole of Mad Max . Post-production ( edit ) The film 's post-production was done at a friend 's apartment in North Melbourne , with Wilson and Kennedy editing the film in the small lounge room on a home - built editing machine that Kennedy 's father , an engineer , had designed for them . Wilson and Kennedy also performed sound editing there . Tony Patterson edited the film for four months , then had to leave because he was contracted to make Dimboola ( 1979 ) . George Miller took over editing with Cliff Hayes , and they worked on it for three months . Kennedy and Miller did the final cut , in a process Miller described as `` he would cut sound in the lounge room and I 'd cut picture in the kitchen . '' Professional sound engineer Roger Savage would perform the sound mixing in the studio he worked after finishing his work with Little River Band , and employed timecoding techniques that were unseen in Australian cinema . Music ( edit ) Main article : Mad Max ( soundtrack ) The musical score for Mad Max was composed and conducted by Australian composer Brian May ( not to be confused with the guitarist of the English rock band Queen ) . Miller wanted a Gothic , Bernard Herrmann -- type score and hired May after hearing his work for Patrick ( 1978 ) . `` With the little budget that we had we went ahead and did it , and spent a lot of time on it , '' said May . `` George was marvelous to work with ; he had a lot of ideas about what he wanted although he was n't a musician . '' A soundtrack album was released in 1980 by Varèse Sarabande . Release ( edit ) Mad Max was first released in Australia through Roadshow Film Distributors ( now Village Roadshow Pictures ) in 1979 . The movie was sold overseas for $1.8 million , with American International Pictures releasing in the United States and Warner Bros. handling the rest of the world . The film was banned in New Zealand and Sweden , in the former because of the scene where Goose is burned alive inside his vehicle : it unintentionally mirrored an incident with a real gang shortly before the film 's release . It was later shown in New Zealand in 1983 after the success of the sequel , with an 18 certificate . The ban in Sweden was removed in 2005 , and it has since been shown on television and sold on home media there . When shown in the United States during 1980 , the original Australian dialogue was redubbed by an American crew . American International Pictures distributed this dub after it underwent a management re-organisation . Much of the Australian slang and terminology was also replaced with American usages ( examples : `` Oi ! '' became `` Hey ! '' , `` See looks ! '' became `` See what I see ? '' , `` windscreen '' became `` windshield '' , `` very toey '' became `` super hot '' , and `` proby '' -- probationary officer -- became `` rookie '' ) . AIP also altered the operator 's duty call on Jim Goose 's bike in the beginning of the film ( it ended with `` Come on , Goose , where are you ? '' ) . The only dubbing exceptions were the voice of the singer in the Sugartown Cabaret ( played by Robina Chaffey ) , the voice of Charlie ( played by John Ley ) through the mechanical voice box , and Officer Jim Goose ( Steve Bisley ) , singing as he drives a truck before being ambushed . Since Mel Gibson was not well known to American audiences at the time , trailers and television spots in the United States emphasised the film 's action content . The original Australian dialogue track was finally released in North America in 2000 in a limited theatrical reissue by MGM , the film 's current rights holders . It has since been released in the US on DVD with the US and Australian soundtracks on separate tracks . Reception ( edit ) Upon its release , the film polarized critics . In a 1979 review , the Australian social commentator and film producer Phillip Adams condemned Mad Max , saying that it had `` all the emotional uplift of Mein Kampf '' and would be `` a special favourite of rapists , sadists , child murderers and incipient ( Charles ) Mansons '' . After its United States release , Tom Buckley of The New York Times called the film `` ugly and incoherent '' . Stephen King , writing in Danse Macabre , called the film a `` turkey . '' However , Variety magazine praised the directorial debut by Miller . Mad Max grossed A $5,355,490 at the box office in Australia and over US $100 million worldwide . It was the most profitable film ever made at the time , holding the Guinness World Record for the highest box office to budget ratio of any motion picture . The film was awarded three Australian Film Institute Awards in 1979 ( for editing , sound , and musical score ) . It was also nominated for Best Film , Best Director , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Supporting Actor ( Hugh Keays - Byrne ) by the Australian Film Institute . The film also won the Special Jury Award at the Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival . Mad Max holds a 90 % `` Fresh '' rating on review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes , based on 54 positive critic reviews , with consensus being `` Staging the improbable car stunts and crashes to perfection , director George Miller succeeds completely in bringing the violent , post-apocalyptic world of Mad Max to visceral life . '' The film has been included in `` best films of all time '' lists by The New York Times and The Guardian . Accolades ( edit ) List of awards and nominations Award Winner / Nominee Result AACTA Award ( 1979 AFI Awards ) Best Film Byron Kennedy Nominated Best Direction George Miller Nominated Best Original Screenplay Nominated James McCausland Nominated Best Supporting Actor Hugh Keays - Byrne Nominated Best Editing Cliff Hayes Won Tony Paterson Won Best Original Music Score Brian May Won Best Sound Ned Dawson Won Byron Kennedy Won Roger Savage Won Gary Wilkins Won Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival Special Jury Award George Miller Won Legacy ( edit ) Main article : Mad Max series legacy and influence in popular culture References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` MAD MAX ( 15 ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . 21 April 2015 . Retrieved 28 January 2016 . Jump up ^ Robinson , Joanna ( 15 May 2015 ) . `` 8 Reasons Why Mad Max Is the Most Improbable Franchise of All Time '' . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 15 March 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Haenni , Sabine ; Barrow , Sarah ; White , John , eds. ( 2014 ) . `` Mad Max ( 1979 ) '' . The Routledge Encyclopedia of Films . Routledge . pp. 323 -- 326 . ISBN 9781317682615 . ^ Jump up to : Scott Murray & Peter Beilby , `` George Miller : Director '' , Cinema Papers , May -- June 1979 p369 - 371 ^ Jump up to : Filmmaker Interview : George Miller Jump up ^ James McCausland ( 4 December 2006 ) . `` Scientists ' warnings unheeded '' . The Courier - Mail . News.com.au . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 26 . ^ Jump up to : Peter Beilby & Scott Murray , `` Byron Kennedy '' , Cinema Papers , May -- June 1979 p366 ^ Jump up to : David Stratton , The Last New Wave : The Australian Film Revival , Angus & Robertson , 1980 p241 - 243 Jump up ^ `` Mad Max Tail Credits '' ( PDF ) . Ozmovies . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 15 May 2015 . Retrieved 15 May 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Clarkson , Wensley ( 2005 ) . `` 6 '' . Mel Gibson - Man on a Mission . John Blake Publishing . ISBN 1784184756 . Jump up ^ Stone rewatched : the Australian bikie movie that inspired Mad Max Jump up ^ `` Mad Max Cars -- Max 's Yellow Interceptor ( 4 Door XB Sedan ) '' . Madmaxmovies.com . Retrieved 2010 - 07 - 14 . Jump up ^ `` ' ' Mad Max ' ' Cars -- Big Boppa / Big Bopper '' . Madmaxmovies.com . Retrieved 2010 - 07 - 14 . Jump up ^ `` ' ' Mad Max ' ' Cars -- March Hare '' . Madmaxmovies.com . Retrieved 2010 - 07 - 14 . Jump up ^ `` ' ' Mad Max ' ' Movies -- The History of the ' ' Interceptor ' ' , Part 1 '' . Madmaxmovies.com . Retrieved 2010 - 07 - 14 . Jump up ^ `` Cars of the Stars Motor Museum '' . Carsofthestars.com . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` ' ' Mad Max ' ' Cars -- The Nightrider 's Monaro '' . Madmaxmovies.com . Retrieved 2010 - 07 - 14 . Jump up ^ `` ' ' Mad Max ' ' Cars -- Toecutter 's Gang ( Bikers ) '' . Madmaxmovies.com . Retrieved 2010 - 07 - 14 . Jump up ^ Lyttelton , Oliver ( 12 April 2012 ) . `` 5 Things You Might Not Know About ' Mad Max ' '' . Indiewire . Snagfilms . Retrieved 14 May 2015 . Jump up ^ Elliot , Tim ( 9 January 2014 ) . `` Welcome to Tin City , Stockton '' . The Newcastle Herald . Fairfax Media . Archived from the original on 10 November 2014 . Retrieved 15 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Tin City , Stockton Beach '' . Parliament of New South Wales . 27 August 2013 . Retrieved 15 May 2015 . Jump up ^ Harland Smith , Richard . `` The Cars That Ate Paris '' . Turner Classic Movies . Turner Broadcasting System . Archived from the original on 14 May 2015 . Retrieved 14 May 2015 . Jump up ^ Flanagan , Graeme ( 14 May 2015 ) . `` A Conversation with Brian May '' . CinemaScore ( published 1983 ) ( 11 / 12 ) . Archived from the original on 23 October 2013 . Retrieved 15 May 2015 . Jump up ^ Osborne , Jerry ( 2010 ) . Movie / TV Soundtracks and Original Cast Recordings Price and Reference Guide . Port Townsend , Washington : Osborne Enterprises Publishing . p. 353 . ISBN 0932117376 . Jump up ^ Moran , Albert ; Vieth , Errol ( 2005 ) . `` Kennedy Miller Productions '' . Historical Dictionary of Australian and New Zealand Cinema . Scarecrow Press ( Rowman & Littlefield ) . p. 174 . ISBN 0 - 8108 - 5459 - 7 . Retrieved 3 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Carroll , Larry ( 3 February 2009 ) . `` Greatest Movie Badasses Of All Time : Mad Max -- Movie News Story MTV Movie News '' . Mtv.com . Retrieved 2010 - 07 - 04 . Jump up ^ http://www.indiewire.com/2012/04/5-things-you-might-not-know-about-mad-max-252553/ Jump up ^ Herx , Henry ( 1988 ) . `` Mad Max '' . The Family Guide to Movies on Video . The Crossroad Publishing Company . p. 163 ( pre-release version ) . ISBN 0 - 8245 - 0816 - 5 . Jump up ^ McFarlane , Brian ( 1988 ) . Australian Cinema . Columbia University Press . p. 30 . ISBN 0 - 231 - 06728 - 3 . Retrieved 3 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Zad , Martie ( 29 December 2001 ) . `` Gibson 's Voice Returns on New ' Mad Max ' DVD '' . Los Angeles Times . Tribune Publishing . Archived from the original on 20 December 2012 . Retrieved 14 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Mad Max ( 1979 ) '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 17 July 2011 . Jump up ^ Phillip Adams , The Bulletin , 1 May 1979 ; cited by urban cinefile , 2010 , `` Mad Max '' . Adams has since remained a prominent opponent of screen violence . He has also been consistent in his criticism of Mel Gibson 's political and social opinions . Jump up ^ Buckley , Tom ( 14 June 1980 ) . `` Mad Max '' . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 21 May 2011 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Mad Max Review -- Read Variety 's Analysis Of The Movie Mad Max '' . Variety.com. 1979 - 01 - 01 . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` Film Victoria - Australian Films at the Australian Box Office '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 9 February 2014 . Retrieved 1 December 2010 . Jump up ^ Robertson , Patrick ( 1991 ) . Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats . Abbeville Press . p. 34 . ISBN 9781558592360 . Jump up ^ Awards for Mad Max on IMDb Jump up ^ `` Mad Max ( 1979 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Flixster . Retrieved 14 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made '' . The New York Times . 29 April 2003 . Retrieved 21 May 2010 . Jump up ^ `` 1000 films to see before you die '' . The Guardian . 4 July 2007 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : Mad Max Official website -- home to the original Mad Max film , maintained by members of the cast and crew . Mad Max on IMDb Mad Max at the TCM Movie Database Mad Max at Rotten Tomatoes Mad Max at Box Office Mojo Mad Max at Oz Movies AACTA Award for Best Original Music Score 1975 -- 2000 The Cars That Ate Paris and The Great McCarthy -- Bruce Smeaton ( 1975 ) Not awarded ( 1976 ) The Picture Show Man -- Peter Best ( 1977 ) The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith -- Bruce Smeaton ( 1978 ) Mad Max -- Brian May ( 1979 ) Manganinnie -- Peter Sculthorpe ( 1980 ) Fatty Finn -- Rory O'Donoghue and Grahame Bond ( 1981 ) The Man from Snowy River -- Bruce Rowland ( 1982 ) Phar Lap -- Bruce Rowland ( 1983 ) Street Hero -- Garth Porter and Bruce Smeaton ( 1984 ) Rebel -- Ray Cook , Chris Neal , Peter Best , Billy Byers , Bruce Rowland ( 1985 ) Young Einstein -- William Motzing and Martin Armiger ( 1986 ) The Tale of Ruby Rose -- Paul Schütze ( 1987 ) The Lighthorsemen -- Mario Millo ( 1988 ) Dead Calm -- Graeme Revell ( 1989 ) The Big Steal -- Phil Judd ( 1990 ) Dingo -- Michel Legrand and Miles Davis ( 1991 ) Romper Stomper -- John Clifford White ( 1992 ) The Piano -- Michael Nyman ( 1993 ) Traps -- Douglas Stephen Rae ( 1994 ) Hotel Sorrento -- Nerida Tyson - Chew ( 1995 ) Shine -- David Hirschfelder ( 1996 ) Doing Time for Patsy Cline -- Peter Best ( 1997 ) Oscar and Lucinda -- Thomas Newman ( 1998 ) In a Savage Land -- David Bridie ( 1999 ) Bootmen -- Cezary Skubiszewski ( 2000 ) 2001 -- present The Dish -- Edmund Choi ( 2001 ) Rabbit - Proof Fence -- Peter Gabriel ( 2002 ) Japanese Story -- Elizabeth Drake ( 2003 ) Somersault -- Decoder Ring ( 2004 ) The Proposition -- Nick Cave and Warren Ellis ( 2005 ) Suburban Mayhem -- Mick Harvey ( 2006 ) The Home Song Stories -- Antony Partos ( 2007 ) Unfinished Sky -- Antony Partos ( 2008 ) Mao 's Last Dancer -- Christopher Gordon ( 2009 ) Animal Kingdom -- Antony Partos and Sam Petty ( 2010 ) The Hunter -- Andrew Lancaster , Michael Lira and Matteo Zingales ( 2011 ) Not Suitable for Children -- Matteo Zingales and Jono Ma ( 2012 ) The Great Gatsby -- Craig Armstrong ( 2013 ) The Railwayman -- David Hirschfelder ( 2014 ) Mad Max : Fury Road -- Tom Holkenborg ( 2015 ) Tanna -- Antony Partos ( 2016 ) Lion -- Volker Bertelmann and Dustin O'Halloran ( 2017 ) Mad Max Films Mad Max Mad Max 2 Beyond Thunderdome Fury Road Music Mad Max Mad Max 2 Beyond Thunderdome `` We Do n't Need Another Hero ( Thunderdome ) '' `` One of the Living '' Fury Road Other media Mad Max ( 1990 video game ) Mad Max ( 2015 video game ) Mad Max : Fury Road ( comic book ) Characters Max Rockatansky Imperator Furiosa Nux Miscellaneous Pursuit Special Legacy and influence Fury Road accolades Wasteland Weekend Films directed by George Miller Mad Max ( 1979 ) Mad Max 2 ( 1981 ) Twilight Zone : The Movie ( 1983 ) Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome ( 1985 ) The Witches of Eastwick ( 1987 ) Lorenzo 's Oil ( 1992 ) 40,000 Years of Dreaming ( 1997 ) Babe : Pig in the City ( 1998 ) Happy Feet ( 2006 ) Happy Feet Two ( 2011 ) Mad Max : Fury Road ( 2015 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mad_Max&oldid=835727695 '' Categories : 1979 films English - language films Mad Max films Australian films 1970s action films 1970s science fiction films Australian science fiction action films Directorial debut films Films about automobiles Films about revenge Films directed by George Miller Films set in Australia Films set in the future Films shot in Melbourne Peak oil films Road movies 1970s road movies Vigilante films Films scored by Brian May ( composer ) Hidden categories : Use Australian English from May 2011 All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English Use dmy dates from May 2011 Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters Articles lacking reliable references from February 2016 All articles lacking reliable references Official website not in Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote বাংলা Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Magyar Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 26 more Edit links This page was last edited on 10 April 2018 , at 12 : 12 . 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Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead - wikipedia Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead Jump to : navigation , search Do n't Tell Mom The Babysitter 's Dead Theatrical release poster Directed by Stephen Herek Produced by Robert F. Newmyer Brian Reilly Jeffery Silver Written by Neil Landau Tara Ison Starring Christina Applegate Joanna Cassidy Keith Coogan John Getz Josh Charles Music by David Newman Cinematography Tim Suhrstedt Edited by Larry Bock Production company HBO Pictures ( Time Warner ) Outlaw Productions Distributed by Warner Bros . ( Time Warner ) Release date June 7 , 1991 Running time 102 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $10 million Box office $25,196,249 Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead is a 1991 American comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and starring Christina Applegate , Joanna Cassidy , Josh Charles , and David Duchovny . The plot focuses on seventeen - year - old Sue Ellen Crandell , whose mother leaves for a two - month summer vacation in Australia , putting all five siblings in the care of an evil tyrannical elderly babysitter . When the babysitter suddenly dies in her sleep , Sue Ellen assumes the role as head of the household to prevent her mother from returning home early . She fakes a resume to get a job in the fashion industry , but proves capable and lucky enough to succeed . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Filming 3 Cast 4 Soundtrack 5 Reception 6 Remake 7 References 8 External links Plot ( edit ) Sue Ellen Crandell ( Christina Applegate ) is a 17 - year - old high school graduate who , due to a lack of funds , can not go to Europe for the summer with her friends . She is about to head to college in the fall . However , when her mother goes on a vacation to Australia with her boyfriend , Sue Ellen looks forward to an entire summer of freedom with her siblings : slacker / drug addict Kenny ( Keith Coogan ) , 14 - year - old ladies ' man Zach ( Christopher Pettiet ) , 13 - year - old tomboy Melissa ( Danielle Harris ) , and 11 - year - old TV fanatic Walter ( Robert Hy Gorman ) . Much to Sue Ellen 's dismay , her mother hires a live - in babysitter , Mrs. Sturak , a seemingly sweet , humble old woman who assures Mrs. Crandell that she can take care of all five children . As soon as Mrs. Crandell leaves , Mrs. Sturak shows her true colors as an evil tyrant , quickly drawing the ire of the children . However , she later dies of a heart attack . When her body is discovered by Sue Ellen , the children agree to stuff the babysitter in a trunk and drop her off at a local funeral home and keep her car . They discover that the envelope given to Mrs. Sturak by their mother with their summer money is empty ; she had it on her when they delivered her body to the funeral home . With no money to pay the family 's bills , Sue Ellen finds work at a fast food restaurant called Clown Dog . Despite a budding relationship with her co-worker named Bryan , she quits because of the obnoxious manager . Sue Ellen then forges a résumé under the guise of a young fashion designer and applies at General Apparel West ( GAW ) , hoping to secure a job as a receptionist . However , Rose Lindsey ( Joanna Cassidy ) , a company executive , finds her résumé so impressive that she offers Sue Ellen a job as an administrative assistant , much to the chagrin of Carolyn , a receptionist on Rose 's floor who was initially in line for the job . While having dinner at a restaurant that night , Mrs. Sturak 's car is stolen by drag queens , forcing Sue Ellen to call in a favor from Bryan to bring them home . Sue Ellen then obtains the keys to her mother 's Volvo , and begins stealing from petty cash at GAW to support the family , intending to return it when she receives her paycheck . At work , Sue Ellen has to balance the adult responsibilities thrust upon her while still trying to enjoy herself as a teenager . The double life strains her relationship with Bryan when she discovers that he and Carolyn are brother and sister . Sue Ellen then finds herself tested when she learns that GAW is in danger of going out of business . She takes it upon herself to create a new clothing line and Rose suggests holding a fashion show to exhibit their new designs . Sue Ellen offers to host the party , convincing her siblings to help clean up the house , beautify the yard , and act as caterers . Although she manages to pull off the party , it comes to an end when Mrs. Crandell comes home early and catches Sue Ellen in the act , forcing her to confess her lie in front of everyone . While apologizing to Rose after the party , Sue Ellen learns that her unique designs had saved GAW . Rose then offers the real Sue Ellen the job as her personal assistant , which she respectfully declines in favor of going to college first . Rose tells Sue Ellen that she can `` pull some strings '' to get her in to Vassar and they make plans to get together for dinner . In the end , Sue Ellen and Bryan make up , but are soon interrupted by Mrs. Crandell , who inquires about Mrs. Sturak 's whereabouts . As the credits roll , the scene cuts away to the cemetery , where two morticians look over a gravestone that reads `` Nice Old Lady Inside , Died of Natural Causes . '' Filming ( edit ) The house that was used in this movie is located in Canyon Country , California . Cast ( edit ) Christina Applegate as Sue Ellen `` Swell '' Crandell Joanna Cassidy as Rose Lindsey John Getz as Gus Brandon Keith Coogan as Kenneth `` Kenny '' Crandell Josh Charles as Bryan Concetta Tomei as Mrs. Crandell David Duchovny as Bruce Kimmy Robertson as Cathy Henderson Jayne Brook as Carolyn Eda Reiss Merin as Mrs. Sturak Robert Hy Gorman as Walter Crandell Danielle Harris as Melissa Crandell Christopher Pettiet as Zach Crandell Jeff Bollow as Mole Michael Kopelow as Hellhound Dan Castellaneta ( voice ) as Animated Mrs. Sturak Soundtrack ( edit ) `` Draggin ' the Line '' , performed by Beat Goes Bang `` Perfect World '' , performed by Alias `` What She Do n't Know '' , performed by Flame `` Keep the Faith '' , performed by Valentine `` Chains '' , performed by Lorraine Lewis `` I Only Have Eyes For You '' , performed by Timothy B. Schmit `` The Best Thing '' , performed by Boom Crash Opera `` Viva La Vogue '' , performed by Army of Lovers `` Stampede '' , performed by Brad Gillis `` Bitter '' , performed by Terrell `` Life 's Rich Tapestry '' , performed by Modern English `` Children of the Fire '' , performed by Mike Reeves `` Runnin ' on Luck Again '' , performed by Valentine `` Gimme Some Money '' , performed by Spinal Tap `` As Time Goes By '' , written by Herman Hupfield `` ( Love Is ) The Tender Trap '' , lyrics and music Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heussen `` Twilight Zone Theme '' , written by Marius Constant Reception ( edit ) Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 31 % based on reviews from 26 critics , with an average score of 4 / 10 . The New York Post called Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead the best teen hit of 1991 . Remake ( edit ) In June 2010 , reports surfaced that a remake of the film , produced by The Mark Gordon Company , is currently in the works . As of December 2017 , further details are unknown . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead at Box Office Mojo Jump up ^ `` How `` Do n't Tell Mom The Babysitter 's Dead '' Went from D.O.A. to Beloved Cult Classic `` . BuzzFeed . Retrieved 3 April 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead Movie Reviews , Pictures '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Flixster . Retrieved 4 March 2011 . Jump up ^ `` '' Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead '' Remake is Coming `` . Retrieved 26 October 2014 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead on IMDb Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead at AllMovie Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead at Box Office Mojo ( hide ) Films directed by Stephen Herek Critters ( 1986 ) Bill & Ted 's Excellent Adventure ( 1989 ) Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead ( 1991 ) The Mighty Ducks ( 1992 ) The Three Musketeers ( 1993 ) Mr. Holland 's Opus ( 1995 ) 101 Dalmatians ( 1996 ) Holy Man ( 1998 ) Rock Star ( 2001 ) Life or Something Like It ( 2002 ) Man of the House ( 2005 ) Picture This ( 2008 ) Dead like Me : Life After Death ( 2009 ) Into the Blue 2 : The Reef ( 2009 ) The Cutting Edge : Fire and Ice ( 2010 ) The Chaperone ( 2011 ) Jinxed ( 2013 ) Dolly Parton 's Coat of Many Colors ( 2015 ) The Great Gilly Hopkins ( 2015 ) Dolly Parton 's Christmas of Many Colors : Circle of Love ( 2016 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_Tell_Mom_the_Babysitter%27s_Dead&oldid=814771639 '' Categories : English - language films 1991 films 1990s comedy films American black comedy films American films American teen comedy films Films directed by Stephen Herek Warner Bros. films Films produced by Julia Phillips Films scored by David Newman Films with live action and animation Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Deutsch Español Français Italiano Nederlands Polski Português Русский Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 10 December 2017 , at 21 : 13 . 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Question: the cast of don't tell mom the babysitter's dead


Sympathetic nervous system - wikipedia Sympathetic nervous system Jump to : navigation , search Sympathetic nervous system Schematic illustration showing the sympathetic nervous system with sympathetic cord and target organs . Details Identifiers Latin pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi Acronym ( s ) SNS MeSH D013564 TA A14. 3.01. 001 FMA 9906 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) The sympathetic nervous system ( SNS ) is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system , the other being the parasympathetic nervous system . ( The enteric nervous system ( ENS ) is now usually referred to as separate from the autonomic nervous system since it has its own independent reflex activity . ) The autonomic nervous system functions to regulate the body 's unconscious actions . The sympathetic nervous system 's primary process is to stimulate the body 's fight - or - flight response . It is , however , constantly active at a basic level to maintain homeostasis . The sympathetic nervous system is described as being complementary to the parasympathetic nervous system which stimulates the body to `` feed and breed '' and to ( then ) `` rest - and - digest '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Structure 1.1 Organization 1.2 Information transmission 2 Function 2.1 Sensation 2.2 Relationship with the parasympathetic nervous system 3 Disorders 4 History and etymology 5 See also 6 References Structure ( edit ) There are two kinds of neurons involved in the transmission of any signal through the sympathetic system : pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic . The shorter preganglionic neurons originate from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord specifically at T1 to L2 ~ L3 , and travel to a ganglion , often one of the paravertebral ganglia , where they synapse with a postganglionic neuron . From there , the long postganglionic neurons extend across most of the body . At the synapses within the ganglia , preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine , a neurotransmitter that activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on postganglionic neurons . In response to this stimulus , the postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine , which activates adrenergic receptors that are present on the peripheral target tissues . The activation of target tissue receptors causes the effects associated with the sympathetic system . However , there are three important exceptions : Postganglionic neurons of sweat glands and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla . Postganglionic neurons of sweat glands release acetylcholine for the activation of muscarinic receptors , except for areas of thick skin , the palms and the plantar surfaces of the feet , where norepinephrine is released and acts on adrenergic receptors . Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are analogous to post-ganglionic neurons ; the adrenal medulla develops in tandem with the sympathetic nervous system and acts as a modified sympathetic ganglion . Within this endocrine gland , pre-ganglionic neurons synapse with chromaffin cells , triggering the release of two transmitters : a small proportion of norepinephrine , and more substantially , epinephrine . The synthesis and release of epinephrine as opposed to norepinephrine is another distinguishing feature of chromaffin cells compared to postganglionic sympathetic neurons . Postganglionic sympathetic nerves terminating in the kidney release dopamine , which acts on dopamine D1 receptors of blood vessels to control how much blood the kidney filters . Dopamine is the immediate metabolic precursor to norepinephrine , but is nonetheless a distinct signaling molecule . Organization ( edit ) The sympathetic nervous system extends from the thoracic to lumbar vertebrae and has connections with the thoracic , abdominal , and pelvic plexuses . Sympathetic nerves arise from near the middle of the spinal cord in the intermediolateral nucleus of the lateral grey column , beginning at the first thoracic vertebra of the vertebral column and are thought to extend to the second or third lumbar vertebra . Because its cells begin in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord , the sympathetic nervous system is said to have a thoracolumbar outflow . Axons of these nerves leave the spinal cord through the anterior root . They pass near the spinal ( sensory ) ganglion , where they enter the anterior rami of the spinal nerves . However , unlike somatic innervation , they quickly separate out through white rami connectors ( so called from the shiny white sheaths of myelin around each axon ) that connect to either the paravertebral ( which lie near the vertebral column ) or prevertebral ( which lie near the aortic bifurcation ) ganglia extending alongside the spinal column . To reach target organs and glands , the axons must travel long distances in the body , and , to accomplish this , many axons relay their message to a second cell through synaptic transmission . The ends of the axons link across a space , the synapse , to the dendrites of the second cell . The first cell ( the presynaptic cell ) sends a neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft where it activates the second cell ( the postsynaptic cell ) . The message is then carried to the final destination . Presynaptic nerves ' axons terminate in either the paravertebral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia . There are four different paths an axon can take before reaching its terminal . In all cases , the axon enters the paravertebral ganglion at the level of its originating spinal nerve . After this , it can then either synapse in this ganglion , ascend to a more superior or descend to a more inferior paravertebral ganglion and synapse there , or it can descend to a prevertebral ganglion and synapse there with the postsynaptic cell . The postsynaptic cell then goes on to innervate the targeted end effector ( i.e. gland , smooth muscle , etc . ) . Because paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are relatively close to the spinal cord , presynaptic neurons are generally much shorter than their postsynaptic counterparts , which must extend throughout the body to reach their destinations . A notable exception to the routes mentioned above is the sympathetic innervation of the suprarenal ( adrenal ) medulla . In this case , presynaptic neurons pass through paravertebral ganglia , on through prevertebral ganglia and then synapse directly with suprarenal tissue . This tissue consists of cells that have pseudo-neuron like qualities in that when activated by the presynaptic neuron , they will release their neurotransmitter ( epinephrine ) directly into the bloodstream . In the sympathetic nervous system and other components of the peripheral nervous system , these synapses are made at sites called ganglia . The cell that sends its fiber is called a preganglionic cell , while the cell whose fiber leaves the ganglion is called a postganglionic cell . As mentioned previously , the preganglionic cells of the sympathetic nervous system are located between the first thoracic segment and third lumbar segments of the spinal cord . Postganglionic cells have their cell bodies in the ganglia and send their axons to target organs or glands . The ganglia include not just the sympathetic trunks but also the cervical ganglia ( superior , middle and inferior ) , which sends sympathetic nerve fibers to the head and thorax organs , and the celiac and mesenteric ganglia ( which send sympathetic fibers to the gut ) . Autonomic nervous supply to organs in the human body edit Organ Nerves Spinal column origin stomach PS : anterior and posterior vagal trunks S : greater splanchnic nerves T6 , T7 , T8 , T9 , sometimes T10 duodenum PS : vagus nerves S : greater splanchnic nerves T5 , T6 , T7 , T8 , T9 , sometimes T10 jejunum and ileum PS : posterior vagal trunks S : greater splanchnic nerves T5 , T6 , T7 , T8 , T9 spleen S : greater splanchnic nerves T6 , T7 , T8 gallbladder and liver PS : vagus nerve S : celiac plexus right phrenic nerve T6 , T7 , T8 , T9 colon PS : vagus nerves and pelvic splanchnic nerves S : lesser and least splanchnic nerves T10 , T11 , T12 ( proximal colon ) L1 , L2 , L3 , ( distal colon ) pancreatic head PS : vagus nerves S : thoracic splanchnic nerves T8 , T9 vermiform appendix nerves to superior mesenteric plexus T10 kidneys and ureters PS : vagus nerve S : thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves T11 , T12 Information transmission ( edit ) Messages travel through the sympathetic nervous system in a bi-directional flow . Efferent messages can trigger changes in different parts of the body simultaneously . For example , the sympathetic nervous system can accelerate heart rate ; widen bronchial passages ; decrease motility ( movement ) of the large intestine ; constrict blood vessels ; increase peristalsis in the oesophagus ; cause pupillary dilation , piloerection ( goose bumps ) and perspiration ( sweating ) ; and raise blood pressure . One exception is with certain blood vessels such as those in the cerebral and coronary arteries , which dilate ( rather than constrict ) with an increase in sympathetic tone . This is because of a proportional increase in the presence of β adrenergic receptors rather than α receptors . β receptors promote vessel dilation instead of constriction like α1 receptors . An alternative explanation is that the primary ( and direct ) effect of sympathetic stimulation on coronary arteries is vasoconstriction followed by a secondary vasodilation caused by the release of vasodilatory metabolites due to the sympathetically increased cardiac inotropy and heart rate . This secondary vasodilation caused by the primary vasoconstriction is termed functional sympatholysis , the overall effect of which on coronary arteries is dilation . The target synapse of the postganglionic neuron is mediated by adrenergic receptors and is activated by either norepinephrine ( noradrenaline ) or epinephrine ( adrenaline ) . Function ( edit ) Examples of sympathetic system action on various organs except where otherwise indicated . Organ Effect Eye Dilates Heart Increases rate and force of contraction Lungs Dilates bronchioles via circulating adrenaline Blood vessels Dilate in skeletal muscle ( in animals ) . Constricts in gastrointestinal organs Sweat glands Activates sweat secretion Digestive tract Inhibits peristalsis Kidney Increases renin secretion Penis Inhibits Tumescence Ductus deferens Promotes emission prior to ejaculation The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for up - and down - regulating many homeostatic mechanisms in living organisms . Fibers from the SNS innervate tissues in almost every organ system , providing at least some regulation of functions as diverse as pupil diameter , gut motility , and urinary system output and function . It is perhaps best known for mediating the neuronal and hormonal stress response commonly known as the fight - or - flight response . This response is also known as sympatho - adrenal response of the body , as the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that end in the adrenal medulla ( but also all other sympathetic fibers ) secrete acetylcholine , which activates the great secretion of adrenaline ( epinephrine ) and to a lesser extent noradrenaline ( norepinephrine ) from it . Therefore , this response that acts primarily on the cardiovascular system is mediated directly via impulses transmitted through the sympathetic nervous system and indirectly via catecholamines secreted from the adrenal medulla . The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for priming the body for action , particularly in situations threatening survival . One example of this priming is in the moments before waking , in which sympathetic outflow spontaneously increases in preparation for action . Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes vasoconstriction of most blood vessels , including many of those in the skin , the digestive tract , and the kidneys . This occurs as a result of activation of alpha - 1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons . These receptors exist throughout the vasculature of the body but are inhibited and counterbalanced by beta - 2 adrenergic receptors ( stimulated by epinephrine release from the adrenal glands ) in the skeletal muscles , the heart , the lungs , and the brain during a sympathoadrenal response . The net effect of this is a shunting of blood away from the organs not necessary to the immediate survival of the organism and an increase in blood flow to those organs involved in intense physical activity . Sensation ( edit ) The afferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system , which transmit sensory information from the internal organs of the body back to the central nervous system ( or CNS ) , are not divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers as the efferent fibers are . Instead , autonomic sensory information is conducted by general visceral afferent fibers . General visceral afferent sensations are mostly unconscious visceral motor reflex sensations from hollow organs and glands that are transmitted to the CNS . While the unconscious reflex arcs normally are undetectable , in certain instances they may send pain sensations to the CNS masked as referred pain . If the peritoneal cavity becomes inflamed or if the bowel is suddenly distended , the body will interpret the afferent pain stimulus as somatic in origin . This pain is usually non-localized . The pain is also usually referred to dermatomes that are at the same spinal nerve level as the visceral afferent synapse . Relationship with the parasympathetic nervous system ( edit ) Together with the other component of the autonomic nervous system , the parasympathetic nervous system , the sympathetic nervous system aids in the control of most of the body 's internal organs . Reaction to stress -- as in the flight - or - fight response -- is thought to counteract the parasympathetic system , which generally works to promote maintenance of the body at rest . The comprehensive functions of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are not so straightforward , but this is a useful rule of thumb . Disorders ( edit ) In heart failure , the sympathetic nervous system increases its activity , leading to increased force of muscular contractions that in turn increases the stroke volume , as well as peripheral vasoconstriction to maintain blood pressure . However , these effects accelerate disease progression , eventually increasing mortality in heart failure . Sympathicotonia is a stimulated condition of the sympathetic nervous system , marked by vascular spasm , elevated blood pressure , and goose bumps . A recent study has shown the expansion of Foxp3+ natural Treg in the bone marrow of mice after brain ischemia and this myeloid Treg expansion is related to sympathetic stress signaling after brain ischemia . History and etymology ( edit ) The name of this system can be traced to the concept of sympathy , in the sense of `` connection between parts '' , first used medically by Galen . In the 18th century , Jacob B. Winslow applied the term specifically to nerves . See also ( edit ) Epinephrine History of catecholamine research Limbic system Norepinephrine Sympathetic ganglia Sympathetic trunk References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Dorland 's ( 2012 ) . Dorland 's Illustrated Medical Dictionary ( 32nd ed . ) . Elsevier Saunders . p. 1862 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4160 - 6257 - 8 . Jump up ^ Pocock G , Richards C ( 2006 ) . Human Physiology The Basis of Medicine ( Third ed . ) . Oxford University Press . p. 63 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 856878 - 0 . ^ Jump up to : Brodal , Per ( 2004 ) . The Central Nervous System : Structure and Function ( 3 ed . ) . Oxford University Press US . pp. 369 -- 396 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 516560 - 8 . Jump up ^ Drake , Richard L. ; Vogl , Wayne ; Mitchell , Adam W.M. , eds. ( 2005 ) . Gray 's Anatomy for Students ( 1 ed . ) . Elsevier . pp. 76 -- 84 . ISBN 0 - 443 - 06612 - 4 . Jump up ^ Rang , H.P. ; Dale , M.M. ; Ritter , J.M. ; Flower , R.J. ( 2007 ) . Rang and Dale 's Pharmacology ( 6 ed . ) . Elsevier . p. 135 . ISBN 0 - 443 - 06911 - 5 . ^ Jump up to : Silverthorn , Dee Unglaub ( 2009 ) . Human Physiology : An Integrated Approach ( 4 ed . ) . Pearson / Benjamin Cummings . pp. 379 -- 386 . ISBN 0 - 321 - 54130 - 8 . Jump up ^ Santiago Cuevas ; Van Anthony Villar ; Pedro A. Jose ; Ines Armando ( 2013 ) . `` Renal Dopamine Receptors , Oxidative Stress , and Hypertension '' . International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 14 ( 9 ) : 17553 -- 17572 . doi : 10.3390 / ijms140917553 . PMC 3794741 . PMID 23985827 . ^ Jump up to : Unless specified otherwise in the boxes , the source is : Moore , Keith L. ; Agur , A.M.R. ( 2002 ) . Essential Clinical Anatomy ( 2nd ed . ) . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . p. 199 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7817 - 5940 - 3 . Jump up ^ Klabunde , Richard E. ( 2012 ) . Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts ( 2 ed . ) . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . p. 160 . Jump up ^ Berger , Michael P. Hlastala ; Albert J. ( 2001 ) . Physiology of respiration ( 2 . ed . ) . Oxford ( u.a. ) : Oxford Univ . Press . p. 177 . ISBN 0195138465 . Jump up ^ Jänig , Wilfrid ( 2006 ) . The integrative action of the autonomic nervous system : neurobiology of homeostasis . Cambridge : UK . pp. 132 -- 135 . ISBN 9780521845182 . Jump up ^ Moro , C ; Tajouri , L ; Chess - Williams , R ( January 2013 ) . `` Adrenoceptor function and expression in bladder urothelium and lamina propria '' . Urology. 81 ( 1 ) : 211. e1 -- 7 . doi : 10.1016 / j. urology. 2012.09. 011 . PMID 23200975 . Jump up ^ Robert Ornstein ( 1992 ) . The Evolution of Consciousness : of Darwin , Freud , and Cranial Fire : The Origins of the Way We Think . New York : Simon & Schuster . ISBN 0 - 671 - 79224 - 5 . Jump up ^ Moore , K.L. , & Agur , A.M. ( 2007 ) . Essential Clinical Anatomy : Third Edition . Baltimore : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 34 - 35 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7817 - 6274 - 8 Jump up ^ Sherwood , Lauralee ( 2008 ) . Human Physiology : From Cells to Systems ( 7 ed . ) . Cengage Learning . p. 240 . ISBN 0 - 495 - 39184 - 0 . Jump up ^ Triposkiadis F , Karayannis G , Giamouzis G , Skoularigis J , Louridas G , Butler J ( 2009 ) . `` The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology , pathophysiology , and clinical implications '' . J. Am. Coll . Cardiol. 54 ( 19 ) : 1747 -- 62 . doi : 10.1016 / j. jacc. 2009.05. 015 . PMID 19874988 . Jump up ^ thefreedictionary.com Citing : Dorland 's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers . © 2007 ^ Jump up to : thefreedictionary.com Citing : The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007 Jump up ^ Wang J , Yu L , Jiang C , Fu X , Liu X , Wang M , Ou C , Cui X , Zhou C , Wang J ( August 2015 ) . `` Cerebral ischemia increases bone marrow CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in mice via signals from sympathetic nervous system '' . Brain Behav Immun. 43 : 172 -- 83 . doi : 10.1016 / j. bbi. 2014.07. 022 . PMC 4258426 . PMID 25110149 . Jump up ^ Sympathy , Sympathetic . Evolution of a Concept and Relevance to Current Understanding of Autonomic Disorders ( 2013 ) Jump up ^ Olry , R. ( 1996 ) . `` Winslow 's contribution to our understanding of the cervical portion of the sympathetic nervous system '' . J Hist Neurosci. 5 ( 2 ) : 190 -- 6 . doi : 10.1080 / 09647049609525666 . PMID 11619046 . Nervous system Central nervous system Meninges Spinal cord Brain Rhombencephalon Medulla Pons Cerebellum Midbrain Forebrain Diencephalon Retina Optic nerve Cerebrum Limbic system Peripheral nervous system Somatic Sensory nerve Motor nerve Cranial nerve Spinal nerve Autonomic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Enteric Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system Head Sympathetic Cervical ganglia : roots long ciliary Deep petrosal Parasympathetic Ciliary ganglion : roots Sensory Parasympathetic Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion : deep petrosal nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution : greater palatine inferior posterior nasal branches lesser palatine nasopalatine medial superior posterior nasal branches pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion Neck Sympathetic paravertebral ganglia : Cervical ganglia Superior Middle Inferior Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus : Cavernous plexus Internal carotid Chest Sympathetic paravertebral ganglia : Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus : Cardiac plexus Esophageal plexus Pulmonary plexus Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves : cardiopulmonary thoracic cardiac nerves : Superior Middle Inferior Abdomen Sympathetic paravertebral ganglia : Lumbar ganglia prevertebral ganglia : Celiac ganglia Aorticorenal Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion prevertebral plexus : Celiac plexus Hepatic Splenic Pancreatic aorticorenal Abdominal aortic plexus Renal / Suprarenal Superior mesenteric Gastric Inferior mesenteric Spermatic Ovarian Superior hypogastric hypogastric nerve Superior rectal Inferior hypogastric Vesical Prostatic / Cavernous nerves of penis Uterovaginal Middle rectal splanchnic nerves : Lumbar splanchnic nerves Enteric Submucous plexus Myenteric plexus Pelvis Sympathetic paravertebral ganglia : Sacral ganglia Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves : Sacral splanchnic nerves Parasympathetic splanchnic nerves : Pelvic splanchnic nerves NDL : 00566256 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sympathetic_nervous_system&oldid=837444860 '' Categories : Sympathetic nervous system Hidden categories : Pages with unresolved properties All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch ދިވެހިބަސް Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Italiano עברית Kreyòl ayisyen Lietuvių Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 36 more Edit links This page was last edited on 20 April 2018 , at 21 : 24 . 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Question: what does the adrenal gland produce that is necessary for the sympathetic nervous system to function