Cerebrum - wikipedia Cerebrum Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the larger superior region of the brain . For the smaller inferior region of the brain , see Cerebellum . Cerebrum Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe The lobes of the cerebral cortex include the frontal ( blue ) , temporal ( green ) , occipital ( red ) , and parietal ( yellow ) lobes . The cerebellum ( unlabeled ) is not part of the telencephalon . Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain . Details Artery anterior cerebral , middle cerebral , posterior cerebral Vein cerebral veins Identifiers Latin Cerebrum MeSH A08. 186.21. 730.885 NeuroLex ID Cerebrum TA A14. 1.03. 008 A14. 1.09. 001 TH H3. 11.03. 6.00001 TE E5. 14.1. 0.2. 0.12 FMA 62000 Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy ( edit on Wikidata ) The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex ( of the two cerebral hemispheres ) , as well as several subcortical structures , including the hippocampus , basal ganglia , and olfactory bulb . In the human brain , the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central nervous system . The prosencephalon is the embryonic structure from which the cerebrum develops prenatally . In mammals , the dorsal telencephalon , or pallium , develops into the cerebral cortex , and the ventral telencephalon , or subpallium , becomes the basal ganglia . The cerebrum is also divided into approximately symmetric left and right cerebral hemispheres . With the assistance of the cerebellum , the cerebrum controls all voluntary actions in the body . Contents ( hide ) 1 Structure 1.1 Cerebral cortex 1.2 Cerebral hemispheres 2 Development 3 Functions 3.1 Movement 3.2 Sensory processing 3.3 Olfaction 3.4 Language and communication 3.5 Learning and memory 4 Other animals 5 Additional images 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links Structure ( edit ) Location of the human cerebrum ( red ) . The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain . Depending upon the position of the animal it lies either in front or on top of the brainstem . In humans , the cerebrum is the largest and best - developed of the five major divisions of the brain . The cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices , ( the outer layers of grey matter ) , and the underlying regions of white matter . Its subcortical structures include the hippocampus , basal ganglia and olfactory bulb . The cerebrum consists of two cerebral hemispheres , separated from each other by a deep fissure called the longitudinal fissure . Cerebral cortex ( edit ) Surface of the cerebrum The cerebral cortex , the outer layer of gray matter of the cerebrum , is found only in mammals . In larger mammals , including humans , the surface of the cerebral cortex folds to create gyri ( ridges ) and sulci ( furrows ) which increase the surface area . The cerebral cortex is generally classified into four lobes : the frontal , parietal , temporal , and occipital lobes . The lobes are classified based on their overlying neurocranial bones . Cerebral hemispheres ( edit ) The cerebrum is divided by the medial longitudinal fissure into two cerebral hemispheres , the right and the left . The cerebrum is contralaterally organized , i.e. , right hemisphere controls and processes signals from the left side of the body , while the left hemisphere controls and processes signals from the right side of the body . There is a strong but not complete bilateral symmetry between the hemispheres . The lateralization of brain function looks at the known and possible differences between the two . Development ( edit ) In the developing vertebrate embryo , the neural tube is subdivided into four unseparated sections which then develop further into distinct regions of the central nervous system ; these are the prosencephalon ( forebrain ) , the mesencephalon ( midbrain ) the rhombencephalon ( hindbrain ) and the spinal cord . The prosencephalon develops further into the telencephalon and the diencephalon . The dorsal telencephalon gives rise to the pallium ( cerebral cortex in mammals and reptiles ) and the ventral telencephalon generates the basal ganglia . The diencephalon develops into the thalamus and hypothalamus , including the optic vesicles ( future retina ) . The dorsal telencephalon then forms two lateral telencephalic vesicles , separated by the midline , which develop into the left and right cerebral hemispheres . Birds and fish have a dorsal telencephalon , like all vertebrates , but it is generally unlayered and therefore not considered a cerebral cortex . Only a layered cytoarchitecture can be considered a cortex . Functions ( edit ) Note : As the cerebrum is a gross division with many subdivisions and sub-regions , it is important to state that this section lists the functions that the cerebrum as a whole serves . See main articles on cerebral cortex and basal ganglia for more information . The cerebrum is a major part of the brain , controlling emotions , hearing , vision , personality and much more . It controls all voluntary actions . Movement ( edit ) The cerebrum directs the conscious or volitional motor functions of the body . These functions originate within the primary motor cortex and other frontal lobe motor areas where actions are planned . Upper motor neurons in the primary motor cortex send their axons to the brainstem and spinal cord to synapse on the lower motor neurons , which innervate the muscles . Damage to motor areas of cortex can lead to certain types of motor neuron disease . This kind of damage results in loss of muscular power and precision rather than total paralysis . It functions as the center of sensory perception , memory , thoughts and judgement ; the cerebrum also functions as the center of voluntary motor activities Sensory processing ( edit ) The primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex receive and process visual , auditory , somatosensory , gustatory , and olfactory information . Together with association cortical areas , these brain regions synthesize sensory information into our perceptions of the world . Olfaction ( edit ) Main article : Olfaction The olfactory bulb , responsible for the sense of smell , takes up a large area of the cerebrum in most vertebrates . However , in humans , this part of the brain is much smaller and lies underneath the frontal lobe . The olfactory sensory system is unique since the neurons in the olfactory bulb send their axons directly to the olfactory cortex , rather than to the thalamus first . Damage to the olfactory bulb results in a loss of olfaction ( the sense of smell ) . Language and communication ( edit ) Main article : Language Speech and language are mainly attributed to the parts of the cerebral cortex . Motor portions of language are attributed to Broca 's area within the frontal lobe . Speech comprehension is attributed to Wernicke 's area , at the temporal - parietal lobe junction . These two regions are interconnected by a large white matter tract , the arcuate fasciculus . Damage to the Broca 's area results in expressive aphasia ( non-fluent aphasia ) while damage to Wernicke 's area results in receptive aphasia ( also called fluent aphasia ) . Learning and memory ( edit ) Main article : Memory Explicit or declarative ( factual ) memory formation is attributed to the hippocampus and associated regions of the medial temporal lobe . This association was originally described after a patient known as HM had both his left and right hippocampus surgically removed to treat chronic temporal lobe epilepsy . After surgery , HM had anterograde amnesia , or the inability to form new memories . Implicit or procedural memory , such as complex motor behaviors , involves the basal ganglia . Short - term or working memory involves association areas of the cortex , especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , as well as the hippocampus . Other animals ( edit ) In the most primitive vertebrates , the hagfishes and lampreys , the cerebrum is a relatively simple structure receiving nerve impulses from the olfactory bulb . In cartilaginous and lobe - finned fishes and also in amphibians , a more complex structure is present , with the cerebrum being divided into three distinct regions . The lowermost ( or ventral ) region forms the basal nuclei , and contains fibres connecting the rest of the cerebrum to the thalamus . Above this , and forming the lateral part of the cerebrum , is the paleopallium , while the uppermost ( or dorsal ) part is referred to as the archipallium . The cerebrum remains largely devoted to olfactory sensation in these animals , in contrast to its much wider range of functions in amniotes . In ray - finned fishes the structure is somewhat different . The inner surfaces of the lateral and ventral regions of the cerebrum bulge up into the ventricles ; these include both the basal nuclei and the various parts of the pallium and may be complex in structure , especially in teleosts . The dorsal surface of the cerebrum is membranous , and does not contain any nervous tissue . In the amniotes , the cerebrum becomes increasingly large and complex . In reptiles , the paleopallium is much larger than in amphibians and its growth has pushed the basal nuclei into the central regions of the cerebrum . As in the lower vertebrates , the grey matter is generally located beneath the white matter , but in some reptiles , it spreads out to the surface to form a primitive cortex , especially in the anterior part of the brain . In mammals , this development proceeds further , so that the cortex covers almost the whole of the cerebral hemispheres , especially in more developed species , such as the primates . The paleopallium is pushed to the ventral surface of the brain , where it becomes the olfactory lobes , while the archipallium becomes rolled over at the medial dorsal edge to form the hippocampus . In placental mammals , a corpus callosum also develops , further connecting the two hemispheres . The complex convolutions of the cerebral surface ( see gyrus , gyrification ) are also found only in higher mammals . Although some large mammals ( such as elephants ) have particularly large cerebra , dolphins are the only species ( other than humans ) to have cerebra accounting for as much as 2 percent of their body weight . The cerebrum of birds are similarly enlarged to those of mammals , by comparison with reptiles . The increased size of bird brains was classically attributed to enlarged basal ganglia , with the other areas remaining primitive , but this view has been largely abandoned . Birds appear to have undergone an alternate process of encephalization , as they diverged from the other archosaurs , with few clear parallels to that experienced by mammals and their therapsid ancestors . Additional images ( edit ) Cerebrum . Lateral face . Deep dissection . Cerebrum . Medial face . Deep dissection . See also ( edit ) This article uses anatomical terminology ; for an overview , see Anatomical terminology . List of regions in the human brain Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ The word cerebrum is pronounced / ˈsɛrɪbrəm / or / sɪˈriːbrəm / ( both are common ) . It comes from Latin , where it means `` brain '' . In English it refers to the major part of the brain . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Arnould - Taylor , William ( 1998 ) . A Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology . Nelson Thornes . p. 52 . Retrieved 27 January 2015 . Jump up ^ Angevine , J. ; Cotman , C. ( 1981 ) . Principles of Neuroanatomy . NY : Oxford University Press . access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : Rosdahl , Caroline ; Kowalski , Mary ( 2008 ) . Textbook of Basic Nursing ( 9th ed . ) . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . p. 189 . Retrieved 28 January 2015 . Jump up ^ Gilbert , Scott F. ( 2014 ) . Developmental biology ( 10th ed . ) . Sunderland , Mass. : Sinauer . ISBN 978 - 0 - 87893 - 978 - 7 . Jump up ^ Kandel , Eric R. , ed. ( 2006 ) . Principles of neural science ( 5th ed . ) . Appleton and Lange : McGraw - Hill . ISBN 978 - 0 - 07 - 139011 - 8 . ^ Jump up to : Romer , Alfred Sherwood ; Parsons , Thomas S. ( 1977 ) . The Vertebrate Body . Philadelphia , PA : Holt - Saunders International . pp. 536 -- 543 . ISBN 0 - 03 - 910284 - X . Jump up ^ T.L. Brink ( 2008 ) . `` Unit 4 : The Nervous System . '' . Psychology : A Student Friendly Approach ( PDF ) . p. 62 . Jump up ^ Jarvis ED , Güntürkün O , Bruce L , et al. ( 2005 ) . `` Avian brains and a new understanding of vertebrate brain evolution '' . Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6 ( 2 ) : 151 -- 9 . doi : 10.1038 / nrn1606 . PMC 2507884 . PMID 15685220 . Jump up ^ Emery NJ ( 2006 - 01 - 29 ) . `` Cognitive ornithology : the evolution of avian intelligence '' . Philos . Trans . R. Soc . Lond . B Biol. Sci. 361 ( 1465 ) : 23 -- 43 . doi : 10.1098 / rstb. 2005.1736 . PMC 1626540 . PMID 16553307 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cerebrum . Cerebrum Medical Notes on rahulgladwin.com NIF Search - Cerebrum via the Neuroscience Information Framework Nervous system Central nervous system Meninges Spinal cord Brain Rhombencephalon Medulla Pons Cerebellum Midbrain Forebrain Diencephalon Retina Optic nerve Cerebrum Limbic system Peripheral nervous system Somatic Sensory nerve Motor nerve Cranial nerve Spinal nerve Autonomic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Enteric Anatomy of the cerebral cortex of the human brain Frontal lobe Superolateral Prefrontal Superior frontal gyrus 6 8 Middle frontal gyrus 9 10 46 Inferior frontal gyrus : 11 47 - Pars orbitalis Broca 's area 44 - Pars opercularis 45 - Pars triangularis Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Precentral Precentral gyrus Precentral sulcus Medial / inferior Prefrontal Superior frontal gyrus 6 Medial frontal gyrus 8 9 Paraterminal gyrus / Paraolfactory area 12 Straight gyrus 11 Orbital gyri / Orbitofrontal cortex 10 11 12 Ventromedial prefrontal cortex 10 Subcallosal area 25 Olfactory sulcus Orbital sulcus Precentral Paracentral lobule Paracentral sulcus Both Primary motor cortex Premotor cortex 6 Supplementary motor area 6 Supplementary eye field 6 Frontal eye fields 8 Parietal lobe Superolateral Superior parietal lobule 5 7 Inferior parietal lobule 40 - Supramarginal gyrus 39 - Angular gyrus Parietal operculum 43 Intraparietal sulcus Medial / inferior Paracentral lobule 5 Precuneus 7 Marginal sulcus Both Postcentral gyrus / Primary somatosensory cortex Secondary somatosensory cortex 5 Posterior parietal cortex 7 Occipital lobe Superolateral Occipital pole of cerebrum Lateral occipital gyrus 18 19 Lunate sulcus Transverse occipital sulcus Medial / inferior Visual cortex 17 Cuneus Lingual gyrus Calcarine sulcus Temporal lobe Superolateral Transverse temporal gyrus / Auditory cortex 41 42 Superior temporal gyrus 38 22 / Wernicke 's area Middle temporal gyrus 21 Superior temporal sulcus Medial / inferior Fusiform gyrus 37 Medial temporal lobe 27 28 34 35 36 Inferior temporal gyrus 20 Inferior temporal sulcus Interlobar sulci / fissures Superolateral Central ( frontal + parietal ) Lateral ( frontal + parietal + temporal ) Parieto - occipital Preoccipital notch Medial / inferior Longitudinal fissure Cingulate ( frontal + cingulate ) Collateral ( temporal + occipital ) Callosal sulcus Limbic lobe Parahippocampal gyrus anterior Entorhinal cortex Perirhinal cortex Postrhinal cortex Posterior parahippocampal gyrus Prepyriform area Cingulate cortex / gyrus Subgenual area 25 Anterior cingulate 24 32 33 Posterior cingulate 23 31 Isthmus of cingulate gyrus : Retrosplenial cortex 26 29 30 Hippocampal formation Hippocampal sulcus Fimbria of hippocampus Dentate gyrus Rhinal sulcus Other Supracallosal gyrus Uncus Amygdala Insular cortex Insular cortex General Operculum Poles of cerebral hemispheres Some categorizations are approximations , and some Brodmann areas span gyri . Commissural fibers in the human brain Corpus callosum Genu Splenium Tapetum Rostrum Archicortex Supracallosal gyrus Lamina terminalis Vascular organ of lamina terminalis Anterior commissure Fornix Fornix Septum pellucidum Septal nuclei Medial septal nucleus Subfornical organ Cave of septum pellucidum Other Posterior commissure Ventricular system of the human brain Lateral ventricles Body Lamina affixa Stria terminalis Collateral eminence Occipital horn Calcar avis Septum pellucidum Third ventricle Recesses Optic recess Infundibular recess Suprapineal recess Pineal recess Hypothalamic sulcus Tela choroidea Subfornical organ Posterior commissure Fourth ventricle Roof Superior medullary velum Frenulum Inferior medullary velum Taenia Floor Upper Facial colliculus Locus coeruleus Lower Vagal trigone Hypoglossal trigone Area postrema Obex Medial eminence Sulcus limitans Fastigium Apertures Median / Magendie Lateral recess to Lateral / Luschka Other Rhomboid fossa Tela choroidea Cerebrospinal fluid Blood -- brain barrier Cerebral aqueduct Interventricular foramina Perilymphatic duct Rostral basal ganglia of the human brain and associated structures Basal ganglia Grey matter Striatum Dorsal striatum Putamen Caudate nucleus Ventral striatum Nucleus accumbens Olfactory tubercle Globus pallidus GPe GPi Other Amygdala Claustrum White matter Centrum semiovale Internal capsule Anterior limb Genu Posterior limb Optic radiation Corona radiata External capsule Extreme capsule Pallidothalamic tracts : Thalamic fasciculus Ansa lenticularis Lenticular fasciculus Subthalamic fasciculus Rhinencephalon Grey matter Anterior olfactory nucleus Anterior perforated substance Olfactory bulb White matter Olfactory tract Medial olfactory stria Lateral olfactory stria Olfactory trigone Other basal forebrain Grey matter Substantia innominata Nucleus basalis Nucleus of diagonal band White matter Diagonal band of Broca Stria terminalis Archicortex : Hippocampal formation / Hippocampus anatomy Grey matter Hippocampus proper CA1 CA2 CA3 CA4 Dentate gyrus Fascia dentata Subiculum White matter Alveus Fimbria Perforant path Schaffer collateral Association fibers in the human brain Association fibers Uncinate fasciculus Cingulum Superior longitudinal fasciculus / Arcuate fasciculus Inferior longitudinal fasciculus Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus Types of cerebral cortex Structure types Isocortex True isocortex or Neocortex Proisocortex Allocortex Paleocortex Archicortex Line of Gennari Layers Internal granular layer External granular layer Cells Betz cell Pyramidal cell Stellate cell GND : 4121188 - 1 NDL : 01087188 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerebrum&oldid=820754131 '' Categories : Cerebrum Hidden categories : Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni 한국어 Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Kreyòl ayisyen Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 16 January 2018 , at 12 : 16 . 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Question: where is the cerebrum of the brain located


That 's so Raven ( season 4 ) - wikipedia That 's so Raven ( season 4 ) Jump to : navigation , search That 's So Raven ( season 4 ) Starring Raven Orlando Brown Kyle Massey Anneliese van der Pol Rondell Sheridan Country of origin United States No. of episodes 22 Release Original network Disney Channel Original release February 20 , 2006 ( 2006 - 02 - 20 ) -- November 10 , 2007 ( 2007 - 11 - 10 ) Season chronology ← Previous Season 3 List of That 's So Raven episodes The fourth and final season of That 's So Raven aired on Disney Channel from February 20 , 2006 to November 10 , 2007 . This season ultimately became the final season of the show , closing the chapter on the story of the Baxter family , which now consists of only Raven Baxter ( Raven - Symoné ) , Cory Baxter ( Kyle Massey ) , and Victor Baxter ( Rondell Sheridan ) , following T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh 's departure from the show in the third season as the matriarch , Tanya Baxter . Anneliese van der Pol and Orlando Brown reprise their roles as Chelsea Daniels and Eddie Thomas respectively . After a record - breaking third season , season four continued to accomplish many firsts for Disney Channel . It reached 100 episodes with its series finale on November 10 , 2007 and second to last episode aired that November , a record which was met on October 7 , 2011 with Wizards of Waverly Place 's 100 episode . There would however be a continuity - error regarding the final three episodes , since they aired after the spinoff , Cory in the House , premiered on January 12 , 2007 with Cory and Victor moving to Washington , D.C. . Guest stars for this season included : Rose Abdoo , Candace Cameron Bure , Rae Dawn Chong , Ashley Eckstein , Jasmine Guy , Sammi Hanratty , David Henrie , Steve Hytner , Anne - Marie Johnson , Phill Lewis , Spencer Locke , Brooke Lyons , Frankie Ryan Manriquez , Dan Mott , Kathy Najimy , Geoffrey Owens , Sydney Park , Tim Reid , Karly Rothenberg , Jodi Shilling , Maria Shriver , Cole Sprouse , Dylan Sprouse , Bobb'e J. Thompson , Tiffany Thornton , Dorien Wilson , Annie Wood , and Amy Yasbeck . Contents ( hide ) 1 Production 2 Cast 3 Intro 4 Production staff 5 Episodes 6 References 7 External links Production ( edit ) The season was filmed from July 15 , 2005 to January 13 , 2006 and Raven - Symoné is credited as one of the show 's producers . Cast ( edit ) Raven - Symoné as Raven Baxter Orlando Brown as Eddie Thomas Anneliese van der Pol as Chelsea Daniels Kyle Massey as Cory Baxter Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter Intro ( edit ) The intro begins with Raven - Symoné showing shows , then it goes over to Orlando Brown then Kyle Massey and to Anneliese van der Pol after that it shows Rondell Sheridan . Then they are all ( except for Tanya ) seen on the stairs where the executive producers title pops up with Marc Warren and Dennis Rinsler 's names instead of Sean McNamara and David Brookwell 's names . T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh has been removed from the intro ( having left during the previous season ) . In addition , when Raven is bumped with the show 's font , she yells `` Oh snap ! '' Production staff ( edit ) Marc Warren - executive producer Dennis Rinsler - executive producer Michael Carrington - co-executive producer Michael Feldman - supervising producer Al Sonja Rice - consulting producer Patty Gary Cox - co-executive producer Raven - Symone - producer Episodes ( edit ) Main article : List of That 's So Raven episodes No . overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original air date Prod . code U.S. viewers ( millions ) 79 `` Raven , Sydney and the Man '' Rich Correll Marc Warren February 20 , 2006 ( 2006 - 02 - 20 ) 403 4.5 Raven , Chelsea , and Eddie volunteer to run clubs for Mrs. Valentine 's class at the Community Center . While there , Raven must deal with mentoring an obnoxious little girl named Sydney . Raven finds out that Sydney never knew her real parents , and eventually they grow a sisterly bond . 80 `` Pin Pals '' Rich Correll Dennis Rinsler February 24 , 2006 ( 2006 - 02 - 24 ) 401 TBA The episode begins with Victor talking to Raven and Cory about taking responsibility in the Baxter house since Tanya is in England . Raven must choose between going with Chelsea and Eddie for a bowling tournament , or sneaking into world - famous fashion designer Donna Cabonna 's ( Anne - Marie Johnson ) fashion show to show off her designs . She chooses to go to the fashion show , and ends up `` saving the night '' ... before she destroys it . She then becomes an intern for Donna Cabonna . In this episode , it is revealed that Raven 's mother , Tanya Baxter , left to study law in England . 81 `` Dues and Don'ts '' Rich Correll Theresa Akana & Stacee Comage March 3 , 2006 ( 2006 - 03 - 03 ) 404 TBA Raven has a vision that she will get an awesome office on her first day at work as an intern for Donna Cabonna ( Anne - Marie Johnson ) , and she decides to brag about it . Muffy doubts Raven 's words and Chelsea later invites Muffy , Señorita Rodriguez , and the entire Spanish class , much to Raven 's dismay . Raven arrives at her first day of work and finds out her `` private office '' is actually Donna 's office room , Chelsea accidentally locks Raven out of Donna 's office room that they have a party . Cory and Eddie accidentally destroyed the kitchen after they was fight having a ticket . When Raven 's unexpected visitors threaten to ruin Donna 's office room and Raven kicks them out , but not before knocking Donna 's prized sculpture off the center . Donna returns and Raven tries to hide the tilted art from her . Tiffany unexpectedly `` saves the day '' by accidentally breaking the sculpture and therefore taking the heat from Donna . Absent : Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter 82 `` Unhappy Medium '' Rich Correll Josh Lynn & Danny Warren March 17 , 2006 ( 2006 - 03 - 17 ) 407 TBA Teen actress Nicky Logan ( Brooke Lyons ) arrives at Bayside High School to shoot a new movie . But when Raven had a vision that Nicky gon na get choked by eating taffy , she saves her from it . She asks Raven how does she know this will occurs , but when she said she is a psychic , Nicky had confessed that she 's playing the psychic character in a new movie and asks that if Raven would mind to be one of Nicky 's pointers . Raven would be happy to help , if means joining Nicky 's circle . She acts like a psychic that talks to the dead . Then Raven brainwashes Nicky . But then she had a vision that this will cause Nicky to be fired on the set . Nicky said that if her performance had met with positive reviews , she 'll allows Raven to come along to Malibu , but Raven was worried about her vision and she started planning how to save Nicky from be fired . She tells her on the set but it turns out that Raven is gon na get fired . She tries to explain to Nicky but she does n't care and she said that Raven ca n't come along to Malibu , leaving Raven heartbroken . Then Raven had the third vision that Nicky 's performance will be meeting negative reviews and the news anchor announces that her beach house in Malibu will be taken away . Since Raven thinks Nicky deserves it , she did n't tell her . 83 5 `` Adventures in Boss - Sitting '' Eric Dean Seaton Jessica Lopez March 24 , 2006 ( 2006 - 03 - 24 ) 406 TBA Donna Cabonna makes Raven her temporary assistant while Tiffany is out of town . Devon returns to San Francisco for one night and Raven is planning on a romantic date , but Donna Cabonna shows up at Raven 's doorstep in tears because her boyfriend broke up with her . Raven must juggle both Devon and Donna , running up and down the stairs , catering to Donna 's every whim while trying to have a nice night with Devon . Donna breaks down again , and Cocoa runs down the stairs with the head of a bear that Devon got Raven . Devon finds out that Raven has been hiding Donna upstairs , and gets angry and breaks up with Raven . Meanwhile , Cory goes on a date with a girl named Brittany . At the movie he sees Cindy , his ex-girlfriend , who is also on a date with a boy . The date does n't turn out all that well , and Cory finds himself wanting to get back together with Cindy . Cindy , Devon , and Teddy , all come to the door and each relationship is rekindled . Absent : Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter 84 6 `` Hook Up My Space '' Rich Correll Michael Feldman March 31 , 2006 ( 2006 - 03 - 31 ) 408 TBA Raven feels that her room is not big enough . When she gets a vision of Cory asking Victor if he can move his band to the basement , Raven interrupts her brother . She gets to Victor first . This makes Cory furious , and he uses the television makeover show Hook Up My Space to make Raven 's room just how she hates it , instead of the way she wants it . Even though Raven gets embarrassed on national television , Cory later makes over her new room exactly how she wants it , Chelsea accidentally puts the big paper at Raven on the wall . Meanwhile , Victor and Eddie decide they need to work out after finding it too hard to lift a box of Raven 's stuffed animals and pillows . This leads them to move Victor 's old weights up to Raven 's old room to exercise . 85 7 `` Driving Miss Lazy '' Eric Dean Seaton Michael Carrington April 21 , 2006 ( 2006 - 04 - 21 ) 405 TBA Eddie , gets his driver 's license , and he decides to buy a car with Raven and Chelsea . Raven and Chelsea boss Eddie around by creating a `` voting '' system -- tilted in their favor -- and even painting their beloved car pink . After being their valet for too long , Eddie takes a drive to the countryside by himself . Sheriff Jefferson ( Tim Reid ) arrests Eddie on suspicion of being `` The Pink Bandit '' , who is responsible for a string of recent burglaries in the area . Eddie enlists Raven 's help , and she uses a disguise to assist her friend . Back at home , Stanley sells Cory cologne that he says will attract girls , but it turns out to attract dogs . Absent : Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter 86 8 `` Be Prepared '' Debbie Allen Marc Warren May 12 , 2006 ( 2006 - 05 - 12 ) 413 TBA Raven agrees to help her boss , Donna Cabonna , shoot a public service announcement commercial / music video about emergency preparedness . Raven gets boy band Boyz ' N Motion to shoot the video , but the trio begin to turn against each other , and then break up . Raven and the others start to panic when the alarm in the office goes off , and they do not know how to exit the building safely . California 's Former First Lady , Maria Shriver , guest stars . 87 9 `` Juicer Consequences '' Rich Correll Michael Feldman June 24 , 2006 ( 2006 - 06 - 24 ) 402 TBA Raven and Chelsea get into a huge fight because Raven only thinks about herself , and never listens to others . Meanwhile , Cory starts junior high school , and becomes a business partner with a bully named `` The Juicer '' . Then at school , Raven has a vision where Cory gets juiced . So she must tell Cory at his junior high school . Absent : Orlando Brown as Eddie Thomas 88 10 `` Sister Act '' Marc Warren Michael Feldman July 8 , 2006 ( 2006 - 07 - 08 ) 412 TBA Raven and Sydney enter a beauty pageant to raise money for the Community Center . Things get personal when Muffy and her younger sister , Buffy , also enter the pageant . This causes Raven and Muffy to become too competitive , leading to everyone in the room quarreling -- even Chelsea , Eddie , Stanley , Cory , Victor , and the audience . When Raven has a vision of Sydney releasing the rope that holds a giant globe that will fall on Buffy during the fight , she stops everyone from fighting . However , all 4 of the girls are immediately `` disqualified for starting a fight '' . 89 11 `` Checkin ' Out '' ( Part one of `` That 's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana '' ) Rich Correll Story by : Michael Carrington Teleplay by : Edward C. Evans & Al Sonja L. Rice July 28 , 2006 ( 2006 - 07 - 28 ) 422 7.1 Raven must organize an important photo - shoot for Donna Cabonna at the Tipton Hotel in Boston , however she messes up when she lands Pistache in Italy and the models still stuck halfway around the world in Budaprogoslovakia . However things turn to worst when Raven 's Secretec 's alarm has the wrong time so she misses her flight back to San Francisco . Meanwhile , Eddie and Cory use Chelsea 's paddleballs to get money by having her break records . They think that it will be easy , until the defending paddleball champion -- Stanley -- shows up . Note : This was a crossover with The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and Hannah Montana . 90 12 `` Fur Better or Worse '' Eric Dean Seaton Deborah Swisher August 5 , 2006 ( 2006 - 08 - 05 ) 410 TBA Raven shows Donna Cabonna her sketches for their new fall clothing line . Donna likes her designs , but thinks that they would be better with a fur collar on them . Raven quickly tells her best friend , Chelsea , about her `` good news '' . Chelsea , along with her Friendly Earth Society Club members , protest the use of real animal fur in clothing , resulting Raven and Chelsea 's friendship turning sour . Meanwhile , Stanley creates -- and sells -- a gadget to Eddie and Cory that uses pick - up lines to attract women . What Stanley did n't tell them that it DID NOT attract women , but it hit on them , thus resulting in Eddie being whacked by women with purses . 91 13 `` Mad Hot Cotillion '' Rich Correll Michael Carrington August 12 , 2006 ( 2006 - 08 - 12 ) 415 TBA Cory gives advice about getting girls to `` The Juicer '' , who has his eyes on a beautiful new transfer student , Kayla . `` The Juicer '' gets angry when he finds out she really likes Cory . Meanwhile , Raven is grounded for a week for being late for her great aunt 's 80th birthday celebration ( following a vision of Chelsea and Eddie needing help in a Mexican restaurant ) , and she quickly goes mad from loneliness . 92 14 `` When 6021 Met 4267 '' Eric Dean Seaton Dennis Rinsler August 18 , 2006 ( 2006 - 08 - 18 ) 411 TBA When Raven is having a party , she ca n't find a date to go with , so she uses the school 's internet dating service to find out a compatible match . Raven finds out her true soul mate is Eddie , and then has a vision that their lives will be horrible when they grow up if they stay together . Because of this , she breaks up with Eddie . During the party they share a kiss , in which they seem to feel no spark from . In the last scene they share one more kiss , and there they both deny any feeling of a spark , but both of them end up showing that they liked the kiss and may have feelings for each other even though they decided to just be friends . 93 15 `` Soup to Nuts '' Rich Correll Story by : Michael Feldman Teleplay by : Dennis Rinsler & Marc Warren August 25 , 2006 ( 2006 - 08 - 25 ) 421 TBA Raven hurts Principal Stuckerman , sending him to the hospital . She has a vision that Stuckerman is going to retire the next day , so she tries to avoid him the whole day by playing sick . Her grandma 's soup causes her to have strange dreams , placing her in strange situations ... 94 16 `` Members Only '' Rich Correll Theresa Akana & Stacee Comage September 15 , 2006 ( 2006 - 09 - 15 ) 414 TBA Raven and Chelsea pretend to be Eddie 's girlfriends , so he can get into a hot new club called `` The Sigmas '' . Things get ugly when the club 's leaders , Dylan and Jordan , find out that Eddie is scamming them . Meanwhile , Cory and Victor try to find a cricket that Cory accidentally lets loose in the house . 95 17 `` The Ice Girl Cometh '' Rich Correll Al Sonja L. Rice September 22 , 2006 ( 2006 - 09 - 22 ) 409 TBA Chelsea and her mother ( Amy Yasbeck ) invite Raven to join them on a mother / daughter retreat that they have every year since Tanya is in England . Raven initially cringes at that idea , but when she has a vision of meeting a cute guy named Brent , she quickly changes her mind . Meanwhile , Cory 's band , `` Cory and the Boys '' , takes drastic action to get radio DJ Mitch ( Dorien Wilson ) , Victor 's old friend , to get their music played on the radio . 96 18 `` Rae of Sunshine '' Eric Dean Seaton Lanny Horn October 6 , 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 06 ) 418 TBA Raven unwittingly hosts a slumber party at her house for Sydney 's new club , the local Bayside Sunshine Girls , and everything turns into a complete disaster . Meanwhile , Cory takes Eddie and Chelsea to the movies , and has to deal with their loudness . Despite Eddie and Chelsea making all the noise , it is Cory who gets kicked out of the theater for being too loud . Absent : Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter 97 19 `` The Dress is Always Greener '' Eric Dean Seaton Deborah Swisher November 25 , 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 25 ) 416 TBA Raven is getting very annoyed with Donna Cabonna because she wants to be a fashion designer , not a maid . Then , Donna 's ex-best friend ( but now arch - enemy ) , Lora Stelladora ( Kathy Najimy ) , moves into the office upstairs , and offers Raven a job as a fashion designer . Raven quickly finds that she has to deal with two bosses . Meanwhile , Cory and Eddie try to profit on Chelsea 's potato that resembles Abraham Lincoln . Note : This is Rondell Sheridan 's last appearance as Victor Baxter in That 's So Raven . Sheridan will reprise his role as Victor Baxter in Cory in the House . 98 20 `` Teacher 's Pet '' Rondell Sheridan Al Sonja L. Rice January 15 , 2007 ( 2007 - 01 - 15 ) 417 TBA Raven 's scheme to get an exam postponed gets the new , hip young history teacher fired . Meanwhile , Cory auditions girls to find a new lead singer for his band , but `` The Juicer '' insists that he will be the new singer because he `` sings like an angel '' . Note : This episode -- and the two episodes that follow -- aired after Cory in the House had already premiered . Absent : Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter 99 21 `` The Way We Were '' Eric Dean Seaton Story by : Deborah Swisher Teleplay by : Theresa Akana & Stacee Comage March 2 , 2007 ( 2007 - 03 - 02 ) 420 TBA Raven and Chelsea throw Eddie a surprise birthday party , and invite both of his divorced parents ( Geoffrey Owens and Rae Dawn Chong ) , who -- Eddie suspects -- will get back together . However , Eddie quickly finds out about the party from Chelsea , of course . Notes : Although this episode is the series finale , it did not air as the last . It was aired eight months before `` Where There 's Smoke '' and over a year after it was shot ( January 2006 ) . When Raven explains her vision about Eddie 's parents to him , he asks `` You sure you were n't just watching The Cosby Show ? '' , on which Raven - Symone and guest - star Geoffrey Owens were cast members . Absent : Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter 100 22 `` Where There 's Smoke '' Eric Dean Seaton Edward C. Evans November 10 , 2007 ( 2007 - 11 - 10 ) 419 5.5 Raven suspects that Cory has started smoking when she finds a pack of cigarettes in Cory 's shirt pocket which gets him in trouble , but he is really hiding them from his girlfriend , Cindy , so she does not smoke them . Absent : Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Ratings for 4.01 of That 's So Raven Jump up ^ `` That 's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana - Zap2it Forums : Talk About TV , Movies and More '' . Tvbb.zap2it.com . Retrieved August 6 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` ESPN 's ' Monday Night Football ' cable television 's most - watched show for week of Nov. 5 - 11 '' . Associated Press . November 14 , 2007 . Retrieved January 10 , 2011 . External links ( edit ) List of That 's So Raven ( season 4 ) episodes at TV.com ( hide ) That 's So Raven Episodes Season 1 `` That 's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana '' Soundtracks That 's So Raven That 's So Raven Too ! Video games That 's So Raven : Psychic on the Scene Spin - offs Cory in the House Raven 's Home Indian Adaptation Palak Pe Jhalak Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=That%27s_So_Raven_(season_4)&oldid=816957433 '' Categories : 2006 American television seasons 2007 American television seasons That 's So Raven Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Español Italiano Português Edit links This page was last edited on 25 December 2017 , at 00 : 23 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: the very last episode of that's so raven


Ductus arteriosus - wikipedia Ductus arteriosus Jump to : navigation , search Ductus arteriosus Plan of the fetal circulation . ( `` Ductus arteriosus '' visible at upper right . ) Heart cross-section with PDA Details Precursor aortic arch 6 Source pulmonary artery Branches descending aorta Vein ductus venosus Identifiers Latin Ductus arteriosus MeSH D004373 TE E5. 11.2. 1.2. 0.17 FMA 79871 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) In the developing fetus , the ductus arteriosus , also called the ductus Botalli , is a blood vessel connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta . It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus 's fluid - filled non-functioning lungs . Upon closure at birth , it becomes the ligamentum arteriosum . There are two other fetal shunts , the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale . Contents ( hide ) 1 Development and structure 2 Clinical significance 2.1 Patent ductus arteriosus 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Development and structure ( edit ) The ductus arteriosus is formed from the left 6th aortic arch during embryonic development and attaches to the final part of the aortic arch ( the isthmus of aorta ) and the first part of the pulmonary artery Clinical significance ( edit ) Patent ductus arteriosus ( edit ) Main article : Patent ductus arteriosus Failure of the DA to close after birth results in a condition called patent ductus arteriosus and the generation of a left - to - right shunt . If left uncorrected , patency leads to pulmonary hypertension and possibly congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias . The E series of prostaglandins are responsible for maintaining the patency of the DA ( by dilation of vascular smooth muscle ) throughout the fetal period . Prostaglandin E2 ( PGE ) , produced by both the placenta and the DA itself , is the most potent of the E prostaglandins , but prostaglandin E1 ( PGE ) also has a role in keeping the DA open . PGE and PGE keep the DA open via involvement of specific PGE - sensitive receptors ( such as EP4 and EP2 ) . EP4 is the major receptor associated with PGE - induced dilation of the DA and can be found across the DA in smooth muscle cells . Immediately after birth , the levels of both PGE and the EP4 receptors reduce significantly , allowing for closure of the DA and establishment of normal postnatal circulation . In some types of congenital heart defect ( e.g. , transposition of the great arteries ) , prostaglandins may be administered to maintain DA patency , allowing for the continual circulation and oxygenation of blood , until surgery can be performed . DA closure may be induced by administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) , which inhibit prostaglandin production . The most common NSAID that is used to force DA closure is Indomethacin ( a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor ) , which can be administered after birth ( used in first week of life ) . However , in the presence of a congenital defect with impaired lung perfusion ( e.g. Pulmonary stenosis and left - to - right shunt through the ductus ) , it may be advisable to improve oxygenation by maintaining the ductus open with prostaglandin treatment . However , such treatments are ineffective in an abnormal ductus . Persistence of the ductus may be associated with other abnormalities , and is much more common in females . By inhibiting PGE formation , EP4 receptor activation will decrease and normal circulation can begin . NSAIDs taken late in pregnancy can cross the placenta and lead to premature closure of the DA in the fetus . In this case , exogenous PDE can be administered to reverse the effects of the NSAIDs and maintain the patency of the DA for the remainder of the pregnancy . A patent ductus arteriosus affects approximately 4 % of infants with Down syndrome ( DS ) . A failure to thrive is a very common sign of this condition . See also ( edit ) Ductus venosus This article uses anatomical terminology ; for an overview , see Anatomical terminology . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Bamforth , Simon D. ; Chaudhry , Bill ; Bennett , Michael ; Wilson , Robert ; Mohun , Timothy J. ; Van Mierop , Lodewyk H.S. ; Henderson , Deborah J. ; Anderson , Robert H. ( 2013 - 03 - 01 ) . `` Clarification of the identity of the mammalian fifth pharyngeal arch artery '' . Clinical Anatomy. 26 ( 2 ) : 173 -- 182 . doi : 10.1002 / ca. 22101 . ISSN 1098 - 2353 . PMID 22623372 . Jump up ^ Srichai , editors , David P. Naidich ... ( et al . ) ; contributing author , Monvadi B. ( 2007 ) . Computed tomography and magnetic resonance of the thorax ( 4th ed . ) . Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . p. 100 . ISBN 9780781757652 . CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Lucas , A ( 1978 ) . `` PROSTAGLANDINS IN PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS '' . The Lancet . 312 ( 8096 ) : 937 -- 938 . doi : 10.1016 / S0140 - 6736 ( 78 ) 91648 - 3 . ISSN 0140 - 6736 . ^ Jump up to : Olley , P.M. ; Conceani F. ( 1981 ) . `` Prostaglandins and the Ductus Arteriosus '' . Annual Review of Medicine . 32 ( 1 ) : 375 -- 385 . doi : 10.1146 / annurev. me. 32.020181. 002111 . Jump up ^ Bouayad A , Kajino H , Waleh N , Fouron JC , Andelfinger G , Varma DR , Skoll A , Vazquez A , Gobeil F , Clyman RI , Chemtob S ( 2001 ) . `` Characterization of PGE2 receptors in fetal and newborn lamb ductus arteriosus '' . Am. J. Physiol . Heart Circ . Physiol. 280 ( 5 ) : H2342 -- 9 . doi : 10.1152 / ajpheart. 2001.280. 5. H2342 . PMID 11299240 . ^ Jump up to : Gruzdeva , A ; Nguyena , M. ; Kovarovob , M. ; Koller , B ( March 2012 ) . `` PGE2 through the EP4 receptor controls smooth muscle gene expression patterns in the ductus arteriosus critical for remodeling at birth '' . Prostaglandins and other Lipid Mediators. 94 ( 3 ) : 109 -- 119 . doi : 10.1016 / j. prostaglandins. 2012.02. 001 . Jump up ^ `` Congenital heart defects : Prostaglandins and prostaglandin inhibitors '' . Healthwise . My Health Alberta . Jump up ^ Anonucci , R ; Zaffanello , M. ; Puxeddu , E. ; Porcella , A. ; Cuzzolin , L. ; Pilloni , M. ; Fanos , V. ( 2012 ) . `` Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pregnancy : impact on the fetus and newborn '' . Current Drug Metabolism. 13 ( 4 ) : 474 -- 490 . doi : 10.2174 / 138920012800166607 . Jump up ^ Pritchard & Korf . `` Medical Genetics at a Glance '' . Blackwell Publishing . 2010 . p63 . External links ( edit ) Circulatory changes at birth at berkeley.edu ( hide ) Development of the circulatory system Heart Tubular heart Truncus arteriosus Bulbus cordis Primitive ventricle Primitive atrium Sinus venosus Chamber formation Atrioventricular Primary interventricular foramen Endocardial cushions Septum intermedium Atrioventricular canal Atrial Septum primum Foramen secundum Primary interatrial foramen Septum secundum Foramen ovale Other Aorticopulmonary septum Protein signalling in heart development Vessels Arteries Dorsal aorta Aortic arches Aortic sac Veins Anterior cardinal vein Posterior cardinal vein Common cardinal veins Lymph vessels Lymph sacs Extraembryonic hemangiogenesis Blood islands Chorion Connecting stalk Yolk sac Placenta Fetal circulation umbilical cord : Umbilical vein → Ductus venosus → Inferior vena cava → Heart → Pulmonary artery → Ductus arteriosus → Aorta → Umbilical artery yolk sac : Vitelline veins Vitelline arteries Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ductus_arteriosus&oldid=828404402 '' Categories : Embryology of cardiovascular system Hidden categories : Pages with unresolved properties CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Anatomy NAV infobox with use of other NAV parameters Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская Čeština Deutsch Español Français Galego Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Svenska Українська 中文 12 more Edit links This page was last edited on 2 March 2018 , at 09 : 58 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when does closure of the ductus arteriosus occur


Dave Gahan - wikipedia Dave Gahan Jump to : navigation , search Dave Gahan Gahan performing at Royal Albert Hall , 2010 Background information Birth name David Callcott ( 1962 - 05 - 09 ) 9 May 1962 ( age 55 ) Epping , Essex , England Genres Alternative dance , synthpop , electronic , new wave , industrial rock , alternative rock Instruments Vocals , harmonica , guitar , keyboards Years active 1980 -- present Labels Mute Columbia Associated acts Depeche Mode Soulsavers Website DaveGahan.com David Gahan ( / ɡɑːn / ; born David Callcott ; 9 May 1962 ) is an English singer - songwriter , best known as the baritone lead singer of the electronic band Depeche Mode since their debut in 1980 . He is also a successful solo artist , releasing albums in 2003 ( Paper Monsters ) and 2007 ( Hourglass ) . Although his bandmate Martin Gore continues to be the main Depeche Mode songwriter , Gahan has also contributed a number of songs to the band 's most recent albums ; Playing the Angel ( 2005 ) , Sounds of the Universe ( 2009 ) , Delta Machine ( 2013 ) and Spirit ( 2017 ) . Four of these songs were released as singles , including `` Suffer Well '' in 2005 , `` Hole to Feed '' in 2009 , `` Should Be Higher '' in 2013 , and `` Cover Me '' in 2017 . In 2012 and 2015 , he also contributed lyrics and sang lead vocals on the Soulsavers albums The Light the Dead See and Angels & Ghosts . Q magazine ranked Gahan No. 73 on the list of the `` 100 Greatest Singers '' and No. 27 on `` The 100 Greatest Frontmen '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Childhood and early years 2 Career in Depeche Mode ( 1980 -- present ) 3 Solo albums ( 2003 -- present ) 4 Personal life 4.1 Health 5 Discography 6 References 7 External links Childhood and early years ( edit ) Gahan was born as David Callcott on 9 May 1962 into a working - class family , to parents Len Callcott ( a bus driver ) of Indian Malaysian descent and his wife Sylvia ( a conductress or `` clippy '' on London buses ) , Dave was only six months old when his father left the family . Sylvia and Len divorced two years later and his mother moved Dave and sister Sue ( born 1960 ) to Basildon , Essex , after Sylvia met and married her second husband Jack Gahan ( an administrator with Shell Oil ) . The Gahan family continued to grow with the birth of two more half - brothers Peter ( born 1966 ) and Phil ( born 1968 ) . Dave and Sue were raised under the impression that their mother 's second husband , Jack , was their natural father . In 1972 , when Gahan was 10 years old , his stepfather died . Gahan recalled how he `` came home one day and found this bloke ( his biological father ) at home '' . Of the incident , he has said : `` I 'll never forget that day . When I came home from school , there was this stranger in my mum 's house . My mother introduced him to me as my real dad . I remember I said , that was impossible because my father was dead . How was I supposed to know who that man was ? From that day on , Len often visited the house , until one year later he disappeared again . Forever this time . Since then he had no contact with us . By growing older , I thought about him more and more . The only thing my mother would say , was that he moved out to Jersey to open a hotel . '' `` Mum had kept it back from me ' til there was a need to tell me about my birth father , it 's a different generation and you can understand I guess she thought she was doing the right thing . '' While attending Barstable School on Timberlog Close in Basildon , Gahan started playing truant , got into trouble with the police , was suspended from school and ended up in juvenile court three times for offences ranging from joyriding and graffiti to criminal damage and theft . He enjoyed the thrill of stealing cars , driving them around , and setting them alight . Gahan tells of the time : `` I was pretty wild . I loved the excitement of nicking a motor , screeching off and being chased by the police . Hiding behind the wall with your heart beating gives you a real kick -- ' will they get you ? ' '' . In his final year at school , he applied for a job as an apprentice fitter with North Thames Gas . He was told by his probation officer to be honest with the interviewer , and as a result , he admitted his criminal record but claimed he was a `` reformed character . '' As a result , he did not get the job which , he claimed , led to him trashing his probation officer 's office . His punishment was weekend custody at a sub-Borstal attendance centre in Romford for one year . Gahan recalls : `` You had to work . I remember doing boxing , stuff like that . You had to have your hair cut . It was every weekend , so you were deprived of your weekend and it seemed like forever . I was told very clearly that my next thing was detention centre . To be honest , music saved me . '' Within six months of leaving Barstable School in July 1978 , Gahan found and lost something on the order of twenty jobs , from selling soft drinks , working in a greengrocers in Basildon Bus Station , working as a cashier in Sainsbury 's petrol station in Savacentre , to working on a construction site . Eventually , he earned a place at Southend Technical College , which he enjoyed immensely . After two years , he gained the British Display Society Award , which allowed him to get jobs doing displays in shop windows and shopping centres . Career in Depeche Mode ( 1980 -- present ) ( edit ) Gahan with Depeche Mode in 2009 . In March 1980 , Martin Gore , Andy Fletcher and Vince Clarke formed the band Composition of Sound , with Clarke on vocals and guitar , Gore on keyboards and Fletcher on bass . Clarke and Fletcher soon switched to synthesizers . The same year , Gahan joined the band after Clarke heard him perform David Bowie 's `` Heroes . '' The band was soon renamed Depeche Mode , a name suggested by Gahan after he had come across a fashion magazine called Dépêche - mode . A new wave / synthpop pioneer of the early 1980s , Depeche Mode have explored new musical directions for over 30 years , and their sound has remained diverse since their inception . They have released 14 studio albums , four greatest hits compilations and two remix albums . The band has achieved global sales in excess of 100 million records . In a 2003 interview , Gahan shared that `` During the making of Exciter , sometimes I felt a bit frustrated that there was a lack of experimentation . '' This led him , in 2004 , to tell his bandmates that he wanted to write half of the songs on their next album , and there was `` no way '' he could be involved in the band without contributing . Eventually there was a compromise , and three of Gahan 's songs appeared on 2005 's Playing the Angel : `` Suffer Well '' ( nominated for a Grammy award ) , `` I Want It All '' and `` Nothing 's Impossible . '' `` Suffer Well '' was released as a single in 2006 , reaching No. 12 in the UK . Three more Gahan - penned songs , co-written with Christian Eigner and Andrew Phillpott , appeared on the band 's twelfth album , Sounds of the Universe , released on 20 April 2009 . The songs are `` Hole to Feed '' , `` Come Back '' and `` Miles Away / The Truth Is '' . Gahan also wrote the lyrics to the B - side `` Oh Well '' although the music was done by Martin Gore . It is their first writing collaboration . `` Hole to Feed '' was released along with Gore 's `` Fragile Tension '' as a double A-side single in late 2009 . In 2013 , with the release of Depeche Mode 's thirteenth album Delta Machine , Gahan is credited with writing the songs `` Broken '' , `` Secret to the End '' , the single `` Should Be Higher '' and two B - sides , `` Happens All the Time '' and `` All That 's Mine '' ; the co-writer for these is Kurt Uenala . Gahan also wrote a song with Martin Gore , called `` Long Time Lie '' . On their 2017 album Spirit , Gahan is credited as a co-writer of the songs `` You Move '' , `` Cover Me '' , `` Poison Heart '' and `` No More ( This Is the Last Time ) '' . Solo albums ( 2003 -- present ) ( edit ) Gahan signing autographs in 2003 . In 1997 , Gahan contributed to the tribute album Dream Home Heartaches : Remaking / Remodeling Roxy Music with the song `` A Song For Europe '' . In 2003 , he released his first solo album , Paper Monsters ( which he co-wrote with guitarist and friend Knox Chandler ) , followed by the Paper Monsters Tour ( including a performance at 2003 's Glastonbury Festival ) , singing both his new solo tracks and Depeche Mode fan favourites . His touring band included Knox Chandler on guitar , Martyn LeNoble ( Porno for Pyros , Jane 's Addiction , The Cult ) on bass , Vincent Jones ( Sarah McLachlan , The Grapes of Wrath ) on keyboards , and Victor Indrizzo ( Beck , Macy Gray ) on drums . The album was a moderate success . The first single `` Dirty Sticky Floors '' hit the Top 20 in the UK Singles Chart . The album became a Top 10 hit on the European album chart and a Top 40 hit in the UK Albums Chart . This success was backed by a world tour and a live DVD titled Live Monsters which was released in 2004 . A year later , he also appeared as model and spokesperson of the Swedish mid-range fashion retailer J. Lindeberg and its S / S 2006 menswear line . The ads featured both him and seemingly random quotes like `` What would happen if we all told the truth '' , `` You can tell he 's lying because his lips are moving '' , etc . These ads appeared prominently in international fashion press . He did a collaboration in 2003 with Junkie XL and handled the vocals for a song called `` Reload '' for this Dutch DJ 's album Radio JXL : A Broadcast from the Computer Hell Cabin . In 2007 , Gahan announced he was working on a new album via a video greeting for Depeche Mode 's official website recorded at the 2007 MusiCares Charity event on 11 May . The album , titled Hourglass , was accompanied working by Andrew Phillpott and Christian Eigner . According to Gahan , they were to be producing it together . The material was recorded at Gahan 's 11th Floor Studios in New York City . The material was mixed in July by Tony Hoffer , best known for his work with Beck , The Kooks and Air . According to Gahan , Hourglass is more electronic - sounding than Paper Monsters . The album made the UK Top 50 , the French Top 20 and narrowly missed going to No. 1 in Germany . The first single to be pulled from Dave Gahan 's second solo record Hourglass was `` Kingdom '' . The single came in the following versions : a download - Single , a CD single , a Maxi - CD single and 12 '' vinyl besides a 7 '' picture vinyl . According to the second press release for the second album , the release day for the single `` Kingdom '' was 8 October , but a download was available way before on 27 August . Side - Line Magazine also reported that a first preview for the song had been leaked online . The second studio clip on Dave Gahan Dot Com had `` Kingdom '' playing throughout . The single also spent a week at No. 1 on the US Dance Chart . On 17 December 2007 , iTunes released the iTunes exclusive live EP Live from SoHo holding the seven tracks played during an instore set at New York 's Soho Apple store on 23 October . The second single from the Hourglass album was the double A side `` Saw Something / Deeper and deeper '' , released on 14 January 2008 . The accompanying video was artistically shot in the Chelsea Hotel , New York , notorious for the death of Sid Vicious ' partner , Nancy Spungen . In July 2007 , Side - Line magazine revealed that Gahan had been working with Thomas Anselmi on a project called Mirror , which was produced by Vincent Jones . Along with Jones , who played with Gahan 's touring band and mixed the live DVD Live Monsters , Mirror featured another Gahan collaborator , Knox Chandler ( Siouxsie & the Banshees , the Psychedelic Furs ) , as well as piano by Bowie favourite Mike Garson , and a monologue by Warhol superstar Joe Dallesandro . Gahan sang vocals on the track `` Nostalgia '' . The song was released in October 2008 , and the album released via download at the start of 2009 . He also appeared in the accompanying video for the song . Gahan also contributed vocals to a track called `` Visitors '' , after walking in while producer and ex-Clor guitarist Luke Smith was working on the song in his New York studio . The song was released under the artist name of frYars . Gahan is the lead singer and lyricist on Soulsavers ' fourth studio album The Light the Dead See . The album was released on 21 May 2012 . Gahan sings and plays harmonica on `` Low Guns '' , the first single from the 2014 album The Morning After by English band SixToes . The single was released on 18 November 2013 . The SixToes remix of `` Jezebel '' was released on the special edition of Sounds of the Universe in 2009 . Members of SixToes also collaborated with Soulsavers , on the album The Light the Dead See . Gahan is once again the lead singer and lyricist on Soulsavers ' fifth studio album Angels & Ghosts which was released in 2015 . Personal life ( edit ) Gahan has lived in New York City since 1997 . He lives with his third wife , Jennifer Sklias , their daughter , and Jennifer 's son from a previous relationship , whom Gahan officially adopted in 2010 . Gahan is a convert to the Greek Orthodox Church . Gahan also has one biological son named Jack , from his first marriage to Joanne Fox . Gahan 's marriage to his second wife , Teresa Conroy , a former Depeche Mode publicist , lasted four years . Health ( edit ) Gahan is a recovering heroin addict . He has survived four brushes with death , living up to the nickname `` The Cat '' , which paramedics gave him during his roughest years in Los Angeles . In October 1993 , Gahan suffered a minor drug induced heart attack during a performance in New Orleans , leaving his bandmates to improvise an encore without him . The second brush came when he attempted suicide by slashing his wrists in August 1995 : `` It was definitely a suicide attempt , '' said Gahan , `` but it was also a cry for help . I made sure there were people who might find me '' . On 28 May 1996 , Gahan overdosed on a speedball at the Sunset Marquis Hotel in Los Angeles , which resulted in his heart stopping for two minutes until he was revived by paramedics . He said of the experience , `` All I saw and all I felt at first was complete darkness . I 've never been in a space that was blacker , and I remember feeling that whatever it was I was doing , it was really wrong . '' On 12 May 2009 , shortly before the band were due onstage in Athens , Greece , for a concert on Depeche Mode 's Tour of the Universe , Gahan fell ill in his dressing room . He was rushed to hospital where it was initially suspected he was suffering from a bout of gastroenteritis . An ultrasound revealed a malignant tumor in his bladder , which was removed . This resulted in several postponed shows , and Gahan underwent cancer treatments during the remaining three months of the tour . Gahan later suffered a torn calf muscle while performing in Bilbao , Spain , on 9 July 2009 , resulting in two further cancellations . After a two - week break , he and Depeche Mode returned to the tour for their North American leg . While performing in Seattle on 10 August 2009 , Gahan again suffered injury , this time straining his vocal cords . Doctors ordered Gahan on complete vocal rest , resulting in two more cancelled shows . Discography ( edit ) Main article : Dave Gahan discography See also : Depeche Mode discography Solo Paper Monsters ( 2003 ) Hourglass ( 2007 ) Soulsavers The Light the Dead See ( 2012 ) Angels & Ghosts ( 2015 ) References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Rocklist.net ... Q Magazine Lists '' . Rocklistmusic.co.uk . Retrieved 14 May 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Q286 Exclusive preview '' . News.qthemusic.com . Archived from the original on 5 May 2012 . Retrieved 14 May 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Depeche Mode Biography David Gahan '' . Retrieved 18 November 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Big Uncertainty Of Depeche Mode 's Dave Gahan '' ( 1987 ) Archived 13 February 2005 at the Wayback Machine. , tuug.utu.fi ; retrieved 21 June 2010 . Jump up ^ Fansite ; accessed 22 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Spence , Simon ( 2011 ) . Just Ca n't Get Enough : The Making of Depeche Mode . Jawbone Press . p. 89 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 906002 - 56 - 5 . Jump up ^ Miller , Jonathan ( 2004 ) . Stripped : The True Story of Depeche Mode . Omnibus Press . p. 31 . ISBN 1 - 84449 - 415 - 2 . Jump up ^ Dalton , Stephen . `` Just Ca n't Get Enough '' . Uncut ( May 2001 ) : 45 . Jump up ^ Shaw , William ( April 1993 ) , `` In The Mode '' , Details magazine : 90 -- 95 , 168 ^ Jump up to : Stokes , Paul . `` Cash For Questions : Dave Gahan '' . Q Magazine ( June 2003 ) . Archived from the original on 24 July 2011 . Retrieved 30 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` '' New Depeche Mode album number one in 20 countries '' Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. , EmiMusic.com , 1 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Zonkel , Phillip . `` Gahan no longer in such a hurry '' , Daily News ( Los Angeles ) , 24 August 2003 . Jump up ^ Quan , Denise . `` A Sobering Interview with Depeche Mode '' . CNN.com. 13 May 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Depeche Mode present birth first song in 4 video postings '' Side-Line.com. 24 November 2008 . Jump up ^ Details of the Universe Archived 27 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Roberts , David ( 2006 ) . British Hit Singles & Albums ( 19th ed . ) . London , UK : Guinness World Records Limited . p. 220 . ISBN 1 - 904994 - 10 - 5 . Jump up ^ `` David Gahan of Depeche Mode Working on New Solo Album Archived 26 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine . '' ArtisanNews.com. 24 May 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Dave Gahan Set to Release ' Hourglass , ' His Second Solo Album in Late October Archived 27 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine . '' DaveGahan.com. 26 June 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Dave Gahan to release second solo album ' Hourglass ' '' Side-Line.com. 28 June 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Depeche Mode frontman announces first new solo single '' Side-Line.com. 7 August 2007 . ^ Jump up to : `` More info on upcoming Dave Gahan ( Depeche Mode ) single '' Side-line.com. 16 August 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Dave Gahan announces first single `` Kingdom '' from his second solo album `` DaveGahan.com. 7 August 2007 . Jump up ^ `` '' Dave Gahan special : Apple Store live EP available now `` , Side-Line.com , 19 December 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Depeche Mode 's Dave Gahan contributes vocals to new Mirror project '' , Side-Line.com , 17 July 2007 . Jump up ^ `` '' Depeche Mode 's Dave Gahan contribution to Mirror album ' Mirror ' out now `` , Side-Line.com , 3 October 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Thomas Anselmi : Mirror '' . SuicideGirls.com. 9 March 2009 . Retrieved 10 March 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Depeche Mode singer Dave Gahan invites himself as singer on ' Visitors ' from fryars debut ' Dark Young Hearts ' '' , Side-Line.com , 10 November 2008 . Jump up ^ Spokony , Sam ( 1 March 2012 ) . `` Dave Gahan Discusses Soulsavers & New DM '' . The Quietus . Retrieved 2 March 2012 . Jump up ^ Stovin , Jack ( 3 October 2013 ) . `` SixToes collaborate with Dave Gahan of Depeche Mode '' . AltSounds . Archived from the original on 4 October 2013 . Retrieved 4 October 2013 . Jump up ^ Aquilante , Dan : `` Q&A : DAVE GAHAN '' NYPost.com. 19 April 2009 . Retrieved 21 June 2010 . Jump up ^ Old News -- The Archives , depechemodedotcom , 27 March 2010 ; retrieved 4 December 2013 . Jump up ^ Dave Gahan of Depeche Mode a convert to Orthodoxy Jump up ^ William John Lyons , Emma England . ( 2015 ) Reception History and Biblical Studies : Theory and Practice Bloomsbury Publishing , pg. 223 Jump up ^ Dave Gahan bio , imdb.com ; accessed 24 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Cameron , Keith ( 18 January 1997 ) . `` Dead man talking '' . NME . Archived from the original on 24 July 2011 . Retrieved 30 October 2011 . Jump up ^ Dalton , Stephen . `` Just Ca n't Get Enough '' . Uncut ( May 2001 ) . Archived from the original on 24 July 2011 . Retrieved 30 October 2011 . Jump up ^ Grundy , Gareth . `` Dead man talking '' . Arena ( April 1997 ) . Archived from the original on 7 May 2012 . Retrieved 30 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` depeche mode dot com '' . Depechemode.com . Archived from the original on 26 March 2011 . Retrieved 19 August 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Depeche Mode frontman Dave Gahan opens up about his battle with cancer - NME '' . NME. 2013 - 05 - 01 . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Depeche Mode Singer Has Cancer Scare '' . E ! News . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 25 . Jump up ^ Jurgensen , John . `` Depeche Mode 's Dave Gahan on Rock , Ringtones , and Remission '' . WSJ . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Dave Gahan injured -- Depeche Mode Cancel Final 2 Shows in Europe '' Side-Line.com. 13 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Depeche Mode Cancel Gig Due to Another Dave Gahan Illness '' , Spinner.com , 12 August 2009 . Jump up ^ Yet `` Another Depeche Mode Concert Canceled '' , Side-Line.com , 17 August 2009 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dave Gahan . The Official Dave Gahan Website Dave Gahan Studio albums Paper Monsters Hourglass Remix albums Hourglass : Remixes Video Live Monsters Singles `` Dirty Sticky Floors '' `` I Need You '' `` Bottle Living / Hold On '' `` A Little Piece '' `` Kingdom '' `` Saw Something / Deeper and Deeper '' Collaborators Knox Chandler Victor Indrizzo Vincent Jones Martyn LeNoble Christian Eigner Soulsavers The Light the Dead See Angels & Ghosts Related Discography Depeche Mode Depeche Mode Andy Fletcher Dave Gahan Martin Gore Vince Clarke Alan Wilder Studio albums Speak & Spell A Broken Frame Construction Time Again Some Great Reward Black Celebration Music for the Masses Violator Songs of Faith and Devotion Ultra Exciter Playing the Angel Sounds of the Universe Delta Machine Spirit Compilation albums People Are People The Singles 81 → 85 Catching Up with Depeche Mode Greatest Hits The Singles 86 -- 98 Remixes 81 -- 04 The Best of Depeche Mode Volume 1 Remixes 2 : 81 -- 11 Live albums 101 Songs of Faith and Devotion Live Recording the Angel Recording the Universe Video albums The World We Live In and Live in Hamburg Some Great Videos Strange 101 Strange Too Devotional The Videos 86 -- 98 One Night in Paris Touring the Angel : Live in Milan The Best of Videos Volume 1 Tour of the Universe : Barcelona 20 / 21.11. 09 Live in Berlin Video Singles Collection Singles `` Dreaming of Me '' `` New Life '' `` Just Ca n't Get Enough '' `` See You '' `` The Meaning of Love '' `` Leave in Silence '' `` Get the Balance Right ! '' `` Everything Counts '' `` Love , in Itself '' `` People Are People '' `` Master and Servant '' `` Blasphemous Rumours '' / `` Somebody '' `` Shake the Disease '' `` It 's Called a Heart '' `` Stripped '' `` A Question of Lust '' `` A Question of Time '' `` Strangelove '' `` Never Let Me Down Again '' `` Behind the Wheel '' `` Little 15 '' `` Personal Jesus '' `` Enjoy the Silence '' `` Policy of Truth '' `` World in My Eyes '' `` I Feel You '' `` Walking in My Shoes '' `` Condemnation '' `` In Your Room '' `` Barrel of a Gun '' `` It 's No Good '' `` Home '' `` Useless '' `` Only When I Lose Myself '' `` Dream On '' `` I Feel Loved '' `` Freelove '' `` Goodnight Lovers '' `` Enjoy the Silence 04 '' `` Precious '' `` A Pain That I 'm Used To '' `` Suffer Well '' `` John the Revelator '' / `` Lilian '' `` Martyr '' `` Wrong '' `` Peace '' `` Fragile Tension '' / `` Hole to Feed '' `` Heaven '' `` Soothe My Soul '' `` Should Be Higher '' `` Where 's the Revolution '' `` Going Backwards '' `` Cover Me '' Tours 1980 Tour 1981 Tour See You Tour Broken Frame Tour Construction Time Again Tour Some Great Reward Tour Black Celebration Tour Music for the Masses Tour World Violation Tour Devotional Tour Exotic Tour / Summer Tour ' 94 The Singles Tour Exciter Tour Touring the Angel Tour of the Universe Delta Machine Tour Global Spirit Tour Tribute albums I Sometimes Wish I Was Famous For the Masses Color Theory Presents Depeche Mode Related Articles Discography Videography Tours Awards and nominations Christian Eigner Peter Gordeno Bands Yazoo The Assembly Erasure Recoil VCMG Soulsavers Albums Counterfeit e.p. Counterfeit2 MG Paper Monsters Hourglass The Light the Dead See Angels & Ghosts VIAF : 84964375 LCCN : no2004097439 ISNI : 0000 0001 1476 3197 GND : 135323282 BNF : cb14524126x ( data ) MusicBrainz : d547b148 - cf1f - 421b - 9464 - ce7411ba44b8 NKC : ola2002152005 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave_Gahan&oldid=836365527 '' Categories : 1962 births 20th - century English singers 21st - century English singers British synthpop new wave musicians People from Epping Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy Depeche Mode members English baritones English electronic musicians English expatriates in the United States English people of Malaysian descent English new wave musicians English rock singers English songwriters Cancer survivors Living people Male new wave singers Musicians from Essex Mute Records artists Columbia Records artists English Eastern Orthodox Christians Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from November 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Use dmy dates from April 2012 Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2015 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская ( тарашкевіца )  Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Français 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 25 more Edit links This page was last edited on 14 April 2018 , at 10 : 07 . 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Question: who is the lead singer of depeche mode


Just Add magic ( TV series ) - wikipedia Just Add magic ( TV series ) Jump to : navigation , search Just Add Magic Genre Kids & Family Fantasy Based on Just Add Magic by Cindy Callaghan Developed by Joanna Lewis Kristine Songco Starring Olivia Sanabia Abby Donnelly Aubrey Miller Judah Bellamy Catia Ojeda Andrew Burlinson Dee Wallace Amy Hill Composer ( s ) Deborah Lurie Zack Ryan Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 39 Production Executive producer ( s ) Joe Nussbaum Andrew Orenstein Co-executive producers : Luisa Leschin Joanna Lewis Kristine Songco Producer ( s ) Pixie Wespiser Cinematography Mark Doering - Powell Running time 23 -- 27 minutes Production company ( s ) Amazon Studios Pictures in a Row Grasshopper Lane Entertainment Distributor Amazon.com Release Original network Amazon Video Picture format HDTV Audio format Stereo ; 5.1 Surround Original release January 15 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 15 ) -- present Just Add Magic is an American live - action family television series , loosely based on the book of the same name by Cindy Callaghan . It was produced by Amazon Studios . A pilot was produced in 2015 and the series commissioned for a full season the following year . Amazon renewed the series for a second season in June 2016 after it `` set a record as the most successful Amazon Original Kids premiere weekend in terms of U.S. Prime Video streams and hours . '' On January 4 , 2018 , a trailer was released announcing more episodes , which premiered on Amazon on January 19 , 2018 , as an extension of the second season . Contents ( hide ) 1 Premise 2 Cast and characters 2.1 Main 2.2 Recurring 3 Series overview 4 Episodes 4.1 Season 1 ( 2015 -- 16 ) 4.2 Season 2 ( 2016 -- 18 ) 5 References 6 External links Premise ( edit ) Amateur preteen chefs Kelly , Darbie , and Hannah discover an ancient recipe book while searching for Kelly 's brother in the attic . The recipes they find inside have strange names like `` Shut'em Up Shortcake '' and `` Healing Hazelnut Tart '' and require unusual ingredients , such as `` Cedronian vanilla '' and `` Taurian thyme '' . When Kelly 's brother eats a bite of the shortcake and can no longer talk , the three friends realize they are dealing with magic spells . After Darbie can not stop talking , they also realize the spells come with a consequence . Kelly , Darbie , and Hannah investigate how the magical recipes work and face the temptations of using magic to help overcome the everyday challenges of being middle school girls . But Kelly has one overriding goal : Find the magical recipe that will fix her grandmother 's mysterious illness , even if it means crossing creepy Mamma P or scary Ms. Silvers . Cast and characters ( edit ) Main ( edit ) Olivia Sanabia as Kelly Quinn Abby Donnelly as Darbie O'Brien Aubrey Miller as Hannah Parker - Kent Judah Bellamy as Jake Williams Catia Ojeda as Terri Quinn Andrew Burlinson as Scott Quinn Dee Wallace as Grandma Becky Quinn Amy Hill as Ida `` Mama P '' Perez Ellen Karsten as Ms. Gina Silvers Recurring ( edit ) Mira Furlan as The Traveler Zach Callison as Chuck Jeremy Guskin as RJ Series overview ( edit ) Season Episodes Originally released First released Last released 13 January 15 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 15 ) January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) 26 13 October 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 10 - 14 ) January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) 13 January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) Episodes ( edit ) Season 1 ( 2015 -- 16 ) ( edit ) No . overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original release date `` Just Add Magic '' Joe Nussbaum Nancy Cohen , Joanna Lewis & Kristine Songco January 15 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 15 ) Three friends , Kelly , Darbie , and Hannah discover a cookbook in the attic , whose recipes have magical effects . Kelly 's grandmother is seemingly confused ; she rarely speaks or does anything active , but no one seems to know why . `` Just Add Brains '' Joe Menendez Andrew Orenstein January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) The girls make Brain Boosting Bolognese to help with school and to understand the cookbook . But being know - it - alls has an unfortunate downside . The girls learn that the cookbook is seemingly infinite : trying to read through it they never seem to get any nearer to the last page . Also , three pages are torn out and missing , and the cookbook sometimes flips to a page on its own when the girls express their wish to accomplish a specific purpose . The girls learn that Kelly 's grandmother , Mama P , and Ms. Silvers were once young friends just like Kelly , Hannah , and Darbie , and that a strange woman named The Traveler gave them the cookbook . `` Just Add Dogs '' Joe Nussbaum TBA January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) To find a lost dog , the three friends cook up Lost and Found - ue , but end up attracting everything that has been lost in the neighborhood . The three missing pages from the cookbook float into Kelly 's bedroom . One of the items they return is a silver charm bracelet to Ms. Silvers , who says that it has been missing for many years . Later , she opens one of the charms and plants a seed from within it . `` Just Add Mom '' TBA John - Paul Nickel January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) Wanting more information from Mama P , the girls make Bitter Truth Truffle . However , Kelly 's mom eats one first . Kelly goes out with her mom to keep her from causing problems with her truth - telling . Hannah and Darbie both eat a truffle and find that telling the truth to each other is n't so bad , although they agree that without Kelly , they probably would n't be friends . Jake comes over , and unable to lie , they tell him all about the book and magic . They make him promise not to tell anyone . They get Mama P to eat a truffle , but before they can ask her anything , she eats a second one , which ends the spell 's effect on her . Mama P cooks a spell and tries to leave town , but a mysterious wind prevents her from crossing the town border . 5 5 `` Just Add Jake '' Joe Menendez Lauren Thompson January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) Not believing in magic , Jake mentions the cookbook to Mama P , and she steals it . But when she tries to look through it , all the pages go blank . The girls try to convince Jake that magic is real by trying out three random magical recipes on him , so that he 'll help them get the cookbook back . 6 6 `` Just Add Birthdays '' Elodie Keene Sarah Carbiener & Erica Rosbe January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) Kelly and Hannah make a cake for Darbie when they forget her birthday . They also make cookies with carob chips Mama P gave them several episodes earlier . Those who eat the cookies start acting much younger than normal . 7 7 `` Just Add Mama P '' Elodie Keene Andrew Orenstein January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) Convinced Mama P knows more than she 's letting on , the girls whip up some Mind Peering Peppermints . They hear nothing suspicious in her thoughts , which leads them to trust her . They try to read Ms. Silvers 's mind , and she immediately turns to them and tells them not to try it . 8 8 `` Just Add Besties '' Joe Nussbaum Luisa Leschin January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) Mama P mentors Kelly 's magic cooking skills , while Darbie and Hannah try to get a reclusive author 's autograph by cooking a spell that makes her their BFF . Mama P makes Kelly organize all the ingredients in her secret room , and then curses her and challenges her to overcome it without resorting to the cookbook . After a false start in which she invents a new spell , she does overcome the curse . The BFF spell works too well , and Darbie and Hannah 's attempt to end the spell fails . When they describe what they did , Kelly intuitively knows how to end the spell , and does . Mama P tells Ms. Silvers that Kelly has `` the gift '' just like her grandmother did , and Ms. Silvers warns Mama P not to make her curse Kelly the way she cursed Mama P . 9 9 `` Just Add Do - Overs '' Keith Samples John - Paul Nickel January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) The girls learn that long ago The Traveler gave Mama P , Ms. Silvers , and grandma each a morbium root seed ; morbium makes any recipe a thousand times more powerful . Mama P says hers is long gone , but the girls realize that Ms. Silvers 's was in the charm bracelet they returned to her . Hannah takes a piano lesson from Ms. Silvers to try to recover the seed , but things go wrong : Kelly 's brother breaks a lamp while under Kelly 's care , Darbie 's school project goes wrong , and Ms. Silvers catches Hannah and kicks her out . So the three girls cook up a `` do - over '' spell that resets time so they can try again . On the third try Darbie 's school project is a great success , Kelly realizes that her brother is acting out because he wants to spend time with her , and Hannah finds that Ms. Silvers 's charm bracelet is empty , but also finds a scrapbook filled with newspaper clippings about bad things that have happened around town . Mama P tells the girls that it is a listing of the curses Ms. Silvers has enacted . 10 10 `` Just Add Memories '' Vanessa Parise Lauren Thompson January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) Grandma , Mama P , and Ms. Silvers all have photos of Chuck Hankins , a boy from when they were young . The girls find that he went missing a long time ago . Kelly cooks a Pho - get Me Not spell to examine her memories of the day her grandmother got sick , hoping to find some clue as to what caused it , but eating the Pho - get Me Not makes her lose time and memories . She sees that her grandmother wanted to talk to her that day , but that she was too busy to talk to her grandmother . She sees that when her grandmother was driving her to a basketball tryout , Ms. Silvers walked up holding a box of ingredients that the girls later found in the attic . Willie Thompson , a man the girls helped previously , tells Hannah that Chuck disappeared from a Ferris Wheel , and that Chuck was dating Ms. Silvers , but that he went out with Grandma . The girls trade notes , and learn that on her last good day , Kelly 's grandmother went to the Cedros Forest . 11 11 `` Just Add Camping '' Keith Samples Sarah Carbiener & Erica Rosbe January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) Suspecting a clue to Kelly 's grandmother 's malady hides deep in the forest , the girls set up a Father / Daughter camping trip . While there they face their fears , and then meet The Traveler , who tells them that magic can heal Kelly 's grandmother if they are willing to pay the price . Later , the book flips open to a recipe that can break any curse , but the negative consequences will make things much worse . 12 12 `` Just Add Pluots Part 1 '' Joe Nussbaum Luisa Leschin January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) The girls consult with Mama P about the recipe that will break the curse . At first she says it 's too dangerous , but then she suggests that making more and having many people eat the results will dilute the negative consequences over all of them . Hannah gets Kelly grounded by her parents , worried that the magical price will be too high . Kelly escapes grounding by cooking a spell to make Darbie look like her . Hannah and Kelly argue at Mama P 's , and Hannah realizes that all the things in the scrapbook would benefit Mama P , not Ms. Silvers . She meets Ms. Silvers and they discuss Mama P 's plans . Ms. Silvers reveals that she too is cursed : outside her house , no one can hear her play music . Darbie tries to stop Mama P , but Mama P locks Darbie in her secret ingredient room and eats the first bite of the magic recipe , so her curse will be broken , rather than Kelly 's grandmother 's . Kelly goes home and gets yelled at by her mother , but manages to give her grandmother what she thinks is the first bite . 13 13 `` Just Add Pluots Part 2 '' Joe Nussbaum Andrew Orenstein January 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 14 ) In 1965 , Rebecca Quinn ( Kelly 's grandmother ) is on the Ferris Wheel with Chuck . He takes a bite of a candy apple , and disappears . The three girls argue . Gina Silvers says the spell was just supposed to keep Chuck away from magic . Ida Perez ( Mama P ) asks if Rebecca got the Morbium seed back , saying that Chuck stole it . Rebecca promises Gina that they 'll get Chuck back . In the present , Kelly 's dad lets Kelly go to the Pluot Festival because they are sending his mother away to New York for treatment and he wants the family to be together . Ms. Silvers shows up at the Pluot festival , but wo n't get involved and advises Hannah to abandon her friends and run away to avoid the consequences . Jake and Hannah free Darbie , and mix a magic protection protein shake . At the Pluot Festival , Kelly refuses to drink the shake and pours it out . She gives her grandmother what she thinks is the last bite of the recipe , but it does nothing . Mama P goes on stage and tells off the town . Jake gives Kelly his shake , so she can be protected . Mama P eats the actual last bite , and the entire town freezes in place except for the girls and Mama P -- and Ms. Silvers . The two old women bicker about who is to blame . Mama P and Ms. Silvers tell the girls that Kelly 's grandmother is n't innocent either -- that after they cursed each other , she threw the book over a waterfall to get rid of it , in effect making their curses permanent . Mama P steals Jake 's bike to ride out of town , and Ms. Silvers leaves . The girls consult the book , which opens itself to a blank page , which the girls take to mean they need to create their own spell to break the curse . They go to Mama P 's ingredient room and realize that they need the properties of three different ingredient families , but mixing them would modify those properties , so they make a layer cake , with each layer producing its own effect . As they bake , the recipe magically appears in the book , in their handwriting . They name it Last Ditch Layer Cake . As the girls are about to serve the cake , Ms. Silvers shows up with ground Morbium root and tells the girls she was going to use it to break her own curse , but they need it to strengthen the spell . They express confidence in their work and say they do n't need it . They eat the cake , and the town starts up . In addition , Grandma is back to normal and Ms. Silvers plays piano on stage and everyone can hear her . Grandma tells them that she did n't want Kelly and the girls to be endangered by the book , but The Traveler said that the cookbook was no longer hers to give back , because it belonged to the girls . She tried to get rid of the book , tearing out the three pages , but the spell she cast backfired , and in effect she cursed herself . Grandma and Ms. Silvers realize that if their curses are broken , Chuck 's might be as well , and if he 's back , no one is safe . The Ferris Wheel stops , and a young man in a leather jacket with rolled up jeans steps off and walks away through the crowd , unnoticed . Season 2 ( 2016 -- 18 ) ( edit ) No . overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original release date 14 `` Just Add Halloween '' Joe Nussbaum Andrew Orenstein October 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 10 - 14 ) 15 `` Just Add Summer '' Joe Nussbaum Luisa Leschin January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) The Miso Soup spell has no effect , so instead Kelly cooks a `` Settle The Beef '' spell in an effort to get Chuck to get to them so he can settle his beef with Grandma . However , the spell warns that if the beef is not settled , a bigger problem will arise . Kelly gives the spell to Grandma but after she asks Kelly not to do magic , Kelly does not tell her that the sandwich containing the Settle the Beef was magical . Immediately after eating the sandwich , their neighbor Willie comes over and expresses his anger at Grandma for not inviting her to her wedding . They settle their disagreement . At home , Kelly 's mom expresses her anger about Grandma getting the `` first ice cream '' with Kelly , Darbie asks Grandma not to cheer so much at her basketball games , and Buddy is angry Grandma washed his lucky jersey and claims that is why they lost their most recent game . Later , Grandma is visited by Ms. Silvers who claims she will never forgive Grandma for how she used her Morbium , the magical seed the traveler gave each of them . Then Mama P comes all the way back from her job in Paris and expresses her anger at Grandma as well . She says the only one she regrets her behavior towards is Jake . Kelly realizes the bigger problem in question is the three of them , who just ca n't seem to be happy . There is a knock on the door , and it opens to reveal Chuck . 16 `` Just Add Chuck '' Joe Nussbaum John - Paul Nickel January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) Chuck seems not to remember anything , although the OC 's ( Original Cooks ) refuse to believe anything he says . While they confer , Chuck runs away . Kelly , Darbie , and Hannah cook a trust spell to get Chuck to trust them , but the riddle warns to be sure their `` friend needs it more . '' They help Chuck adjust to modern life , but Kelly loses all of her trust and is suspicious of everything , including Darbie 's father 's new friend Amy , and Hannah herself . Without her trust she confronts Grandma about how Ms. Silvers claimed she misused her Morbium . The girls manage to restore Kelly 's trust , but in doing so bring back some of Chuck 's memories . They explain to Grandma that Kelly was under a spell . Grandma claims Chuck stole her Morbium , but the girls realized she was lying . 17 `` Just Add 1965 '' Keith Samples Lauren Thompson January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) Darbie suspects her parents may be getting back together . The girls use a `` If These Walls Could Taco '' spell to watch what happened the day the OC 's prepared the Ca n't Recall Caramel and try to figure out why Chuck disappeared . However , everything appears to be normal . The OCs make plans to meet up at a restaurant after the Pluot festival . The girls go there and see them confer about Chuck disappearing . They begin to argue , but bring up nothing suspicious . Later , Darbie uses the spell to see if her parents are truly getting back together but she discovers that they think she 's `` getting the wrong idea '' and that her father is dating Amy , the woman at the park . Darbie is furious and upset . Meanwhile , Chuck saves Buddy from a car , earning Kelly 's parents gratitude . 18 5 `` Just Add Saphrön '' Keith Samples Aminta Goyel January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) After Kelly warns him to stay away from her family and the magic cookbook , Chuck manages to create another cookbook using a picture of the girls he obtained from the Quinn attic and begins to alter the original cookbook and steal pages from it to add to his . A new place opens up called The Saphrön , where Darbie , her father and Amy dine for lunch , but Darbie continues to be unhappy about her father and Amy being together . Chuck and Mr. Quinn are also at The Saphrön , prompting Darbie to get Kelly and Hannah over there . Needing something to break her father 's trusting Chuck , Kelly looks to a magic spell to spot when someone is lying and asks Hannah to cook . With Ms. Silvers ' help , Hannah makes Lemon Lie - m Mints , and though a mint was intended only for Mr. Quinn , Jake and Darbie 's father also consume one . Mr. Quinn sees through Chuck 's lying , while Darbie 's father realizes Amy is untruthful about camping , and Jake , who is looking to work at The Saphrön after deciding to quit Mama P 's , is unimpressed with the false objectives laid out by its manager , Noelle . Jake ends up returning to Mama P 's but has some working demands . 19 6 `` Just Add Fixings '' Joe Nussbaum Marque Franklin - Williams January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) 20 7 `` Just Add 8529 '' Gregory Guzik Zachary Panozzo January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) 21 8 `` Just Add Muscles '' Aprill Winney Taylor Cox & Jacquie Walters January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) 22 9 `` Just Add Fire '' Aprill Winney Matt Goldman January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) 23 10 `` Just Add Meddling '' Lily Mariye John - Paul Nickel January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) 24 11 `` Just Add Secrets '' Joe Nussbaum Luisa Leschin January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) 25 12 `` Just Add History '' Joe Nussbaum Lauren Thompson January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) 26 13 `` Just Add Rose '' Joe Nussbaum Andrew Orenstein January 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 12 ) 27 14 `` Just Add Fluffy '' Keith Samples Andrew Orenstein January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 28 15 `` Just Add RJ '' Keith Samples Aminta Goyel January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 29 16 `` Just Add Gumdrops '' Adam Weissman Taylor Cox & Jacquie Walters January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 30 17 `` Just Add Time '' Aprill Winney Matt Goldman January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 31 18 `` Just Add Telepathy '' Aprill Winney John - Paul Nickel January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 32 19 `` Just Add Attention '' Joe Nussbaum Luisa Leschin January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 33 20 `` Just Add Contagion '' Joe Nussbaum Lauren Thompson January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 34 21 `` Just Add Beginnings '' Vanessa Parise Aminta Goyel January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 35 22 `` Just Add Silvers '' Vanessa Parise Taylor Cox & Jacquie Walters January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 36 23 `` Just Add Barriers '' Keith Samples John - Paul Nickel January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 37 24 `` Just Add Betrayal '' Keith Samples Luisa Leschin January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 38 25 `` Just Add Caroline '' Joe Nussbaum Lauren Thompson January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) 39 26 `` Just Add Spices '' Joe Nussbaum Andrew Orenstein January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) References ( edit ) Jump up ^ White , Hilary . `` The Kids ' Book That Amazon Is Turning Into a TV Pilot '' . POPSUGAR Moms . Retrieved February 19 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ; Andreeva , Nellie ( February 18 , 2015 ) . `` Amazon Orders 5 Original Series Including ' Man In The High Castle , ' ' Mad Dogs ' '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved January 1 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hipes , Patrick ( June 8 , 2016 ) . `` Amazon 's ' Just Add Magic ' Renewed For Season 2 '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved January 1 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` When the magic cookbook goes missing , it 's up to ... '' Facebook . Retrieved January 4 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Swift , Andy ( January 4 , 2018 ) . `` Amazon 's Just Add Magic : Season 2B Trailer Threatens to Undo Everything '' . TV Line . Retrieved January 5 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Watch Just Add Magic Season 1 Episode -- Amazon Video '' . www.amazon.com . Retrieved February 1 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Amazon.com : Just Add Magic -- Season 2 '' . www.amazon.com . Retrieved January 13 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Just Add Magic on IMDb Just Add Magic on Amazon Video ( hide ) Amazon Video children 's programming Current Tumble Leaf ( since 2014 ) Just Add Magic ( since 2015 ) Wishenpoof ! ( since 2015 ) Danger & Eggs ( since 2015 ) Niko and the Sword of Light ( since 2015 ) The Stinky & Dirty Show ( since 2015 ) Little Big Awesome ( since 2016 ) Lost In Oz ( since 2017 ) If You Give a Mouse a Cookie ( since 2017 ) Former Creative Galaxy ( 2013 -- 17 ) Gortimer Gibbon 's Life on Normal Street ( 2014 -- 16 ) Annedroids ( 2014 -- 17 ) The Kicks ( 2015 -- 16 ) Upcoming The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle ( 2018 ) Kung Fu Panda : The Paws of Destiny ( 2018 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Just_Add_Magic_(TV_series)&oldid=836069363 '' Categories : American children 's television series 2010s American television series 2015 American television series debuts Amazon Video original programming English - language television programs Middle school television series Magic in television Television series about friendship Amazon Video children 's programming Television shows set in California Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from February 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Français Italiano 日本 語 Edit links This page was last edited on 12 April 2018 , at 14 : 19 . 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