1980 Summer Olympics boycott - wikipedia 1980 Summer Olympics boycott Jump to : navigation , search Countries that boycotted the 1980 Games are shaded blue The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . The Soviet Union , which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics , and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 1.1 Responses by country and continent 1.2 Athletes and sportspeople competing without national flags or anthems 2 Non-participating countries 3 Altered participation 3.1 Nations that did not participate in the Opening Ceremony 3.2 National teams represented at the Opening Ceremony by Chef de Mission 3.3 Nations under the Olympic Flag by their own athletes 3.4 Nations that competed under their respective NOC flag 4 Alternative events 5 See also 6 References Background ( edit ) Western governments first considered the idea of boycotting the Moscow Olympics in response to the situation in Afghanistan at the 20 December 1979 meeting of NATO representatives , a fortnight after the invasion of Afghanistan . At that moment , not many of the member governments were interested in the proposal . The idea began to gain popularity in early January when Russian dissident Andrei Sakharov called for a boycott . On 14 January 1980 , the Carter Administration joined Sakharov 's appeal and set a deadline by which the Soviet Union must pull out of Afghanistan or face the consequences , including an international boycott of the games . On 26 January 1980 , Canadian Prime Minister Joe Clark announced that Canada , like the US , would boycott the Olympic Games if Soviet forces did not leave Afghanistan by 20 February 1980 . When the deadline passed a month later without any change to the situation in Central Asia , Carter pushed U.S. allies to pull their Olympic teams from the upcoming games . In late January the Soviet regime prepared to face down this `` hostile campaign '' . As Central Committee documents show , in addition to its own propaganda efforts it was relying on the International Olympic Committee and its 89 member committees to behave as in the past ( e.g. after Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968 ) , and not give in to pressure from national governments . It noted that the government and National Olympic Committee of France had already stated a willingness to participate . After its 24 April meeting , the head of the United States Olympic Committee ( USOC ) Robert Kane told the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) that the USOC would be willing to send a team to Moscow if there were a `` spectacular change in the international situation '' in the coming weeks . In an attempt to save the Games Lord Killanin , then president of the IOC , arranged to meet and discuss the boycott with Jimmy Carter and Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev , before the new 24 May deadline . Killanin insisted that the Games should continue as scheduled , while President Carter reaffirmed the US position . viz. to boycott the Games unless the USSR withdrew from Afghanistan . Several interventions at the late April 1980 Bilderberg meeting in Aachen included discussion of the implications of the boycott . The world would perceive a boycott , it was argued , as little more than a sentimental protest , not a strategic act . An African representative at the Bilderberg meeting voiced a different view : whether there was additional support outside the US or not , he believed , a boycott would be an effective symbolic protest and be dramatically visible to those within the Soviet Union . The Carter administration brought considerable pressure to bear on other NATO Member - States to support the boycott . Their support was not universal . The International Olympics Federations protested that the pressures by the US and other supporting countries for the boycott was an inappropriate means to achieve a political end , and the victims of this action would be the athletes . German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt said that the American attitude that the allies `` should simply do as they are told '' was unacceptable , although West Germany did join the boycott . Responses by country and continent ( edit ) Boxer Muhammad Ali was dispatched by the US administration to Tanzania , Nigeria , and Senegal to convince their leaders to join the boycott . He also successfully convinced the Kenyan government to do that . Many countries ultimately joined the US in a full boycott of the Games . These included Japan and West Germany where Chancellor Schmidt was able to convince the National Olympic Committee ( NOC ) to support the boycott . China , the Philippines , Chile , Argentina and Canada also boycotted the Games entirely . Some of these countries competed at the alternative `` Liberty Bell Classic '' or Olympic Boycott Games held in Philadelphia that same year . The governments of the United Kingdom , France , and Australia supported the boycott , but left any final decision over the participation of their country 's athletes to their respective NOCs and the decision of their individual athletes . The United Kingdom and France sent a much smaller athletic delegation than would have originally been possible . The British associations that governed equestrian sports , hockey , and yachting completely boycotted the 1980 summer Olympics . Spain , Italy , Sweden , Iceland and Finland were other principal nations representing western Europe at the Games . All these countries participated under a neutral flag with the Olympic anthem played in any ceremony . Italian athletes serving in its military corps could not attend the Games , however , because of the national government 's official support of the boycott . Many events were affected by the loss of participants and some US - born athletes who were citizens of other countries , such as Italy and Australia , did compete in Moscow . A firm enemy of the United States under Ayatollah Khomeini 's new theocracy , Iran also boycotted the Moscow Games after Khomeini joined the condemnation by the United Nations and the Islamic Conference of the invasion of Afghanistan . Independently of the United States , the Islamic Conference urged a boycott of Moscow after the invasion ; the Ayatollah meanwhile accused Moscow of arming the Baluchis against his regime . Many teams were avoided by Soviet television at the Games during the opening and closing ceremonies because their national governments officially supported the boycott . Their national colors could not be flown nor could their anthems be played ( Australia , Andorra , Belgium , Denmark , France , United Kingdom , Ireland , Italy , Luxembourg , the Netherlands , Portugal , Puerto Rico , San Marino , Spain , and Switzerland ) . Athletes and sportspeople competing without national flags or anthems ( edit ) Lord Killanin permitted NOC - qualified athletes to compete at the Games without their national flags or anthems ( which allowed NOCs to send athletes in a non-national context ) but this did not allow other individuals lacking NOC sanction to participate in the Games as this was perceived by the IOC as a potential weakening of their authority . Four sportspeople ( including one athlete ) from New Zealand competed independently and marched under their NOC flag because the government officially supported the boycott . The athletes of 16 countries did not fly their national flags . Instead Olympic flags were raised and the Olympic Anthem replaced their national anthems at the medal ceremonies . There was one awards ceremony where three Olympic flags were raised . Other modifications were made in the Games activities , such as when the Boycott prevented Montreal Mayor Jean Drapeau from attending the Moscow Games . Sandra Henderson and Stéphane Préfontaine , the final torchbearers at the previous games , were sent in his stead to participate in the Antwerp Ceremony at the opening ceremony , and at the closing ceremony , the Los Angeles city flag ( rather than the United States flag ) was raised to symbolize the next host of the Olympic Games . The Antwerp flag was received by an IOC member from the USA instead of the mayor of Los Angeles , Tom Bradley ; there was no handover to Los Angeles ceremony at the closing . Non-participating countries ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) `` We will go to the Olympics '' , Anti-boycott sticker , published by the Communist Youth Federation of Spain . Sixty - six countries that were invited to participate in the 1980 Olympics did not do so for various reasons including support for the boycott and economic reasons . Qatar could not be invited until IOC recognition which occurred in 1980 but too late to be invited . Taiwan refused to participate as a result of the 1979 Nagoya Resolution , in which the People 's Republic of China agreed to participate in IOC activities if Taiwan was referred to as `` Chinese Taipei '' . However , China boycotted the 1980 Moscow Games as well . Albania Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belize Bermuda Bolivia Canada Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Egypt El Salvador Fiji Gabon The Gambia Ghana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Indonesia Iran Israel Ivory Coast Japan Kenya South Korea Liberia Liechtenstein Malawi Malaysia Mauritania Mauritius Monaco Morocco Netherlands Antilles Niger Norway Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Somalia Sudan Suriname Swaziland Chinese Taipei Thailand Togo Tunisia Turkey United Arab Emirates United States Uruguay Virgin Islands West Germany Zaire Altered participation ( edit ) The sixteen nations that follow participated in the Games under some adjustment to full conventional participation in the Games activities . Nations that did not participate in the opening ceremony ( edit ) Seven countries participated in the Games without taking part in the Opening Ceremony : Belgium France Italy Luxembourg Netherlands San Marino Switzerland National teams represented at the opening ceremony by Chef de Mission ( edit ) Two nations sent one representative each ( Chef de Mission ) who entered the Olympic stadium during the Opening Ceremony under the Olympic flag ; for each country this was a token gesture , as their governments allowed athletes to take part in the Games if they chose to do so . Ireland also competed under the Olympic flag , rather than its own . Great Britain -- Richard Palmer Ireland -- Ken Ryan Nations under the Olympic flag by their own athletes ( edit ) At least 5 national teams participated at the Games under the Olympic flag rather than their respective National or NOC flags , as doing the latter would have denoted that their participation was officially sanctioned by their respective nations . Australia Andorra Denmark Puerto Rico Ireland Nations that competed under their respective NOC flag ( edit ) Spain Portugal New Zealand Alternative events ( edit ) Events were staged separately in several sports , including the Liberty Bell Classic for track and field and the USGF International Invitational for gymnastics . At the U.S. Swimming Nationals , the split and finishing times from the corresponding Olympic events the previous week were displayed on the scoreboards so that a virtual comparison of medals `` won '' by U.S. swimmers could be kept . See also ( edit ) Olympics portal Soviet Union portal Cold War portal 1980 Summer Olympics 1984 Summer Olympics boycott 1986 Asian Games References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Smothers , Ronald ( July 19 , 1996 ) . `` OLYMPICS ; Bitterness Lingering Over Carter 's Boycott '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ https://www.historicacanada.ca/on_this_day/canada-boycotts-olympics Jump up ^ `` The Olympic Boycott , 1980 '' . U.S. Department of State Archive . Jump up ^ Smith , Terence ( January 20 , 1980 ) . `` The President Said Nyet '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ Secretariat : Planning a response to the hostile campaign against participation in the Moscow Olympics , 29 January 1980 , St 195 / 3 , The Bukovsky Archives : Communism on Trial . ^ Jump up to : American Embassy Memorandum to Secretary of State , `` Olympics : Lausanne IOC EXCOM Meeting '' , 23 April 1980 , US Department of State , FOIA Jump up ^ Secretary of State Memorandum to All Diplomatic and Consular Posts Immediate , `` Olympics : Mid-May Update '' , 16 May 1980 , US Department of State , FOIA Jump up ^ Bilderberg meeting report Aachen , 1980 . Retrieved 16 June 2009 . Archived 19 June 2009 . Jump up ^ American Embassy Memorandum to Secretary of State and White House , `` Olympics : IOC Message to Mr. Cutler '' , April 27 , 1980 , US Department of State , FOIA Jump up ^ Sarantakes , Nicholas Evan ( 2010 ) . Dropping the Torch : Jimmy Carter , the Olympic Boycott , and the Cold War . New York : Cambridge University Press . ISBN 1139788566 . p. 121 . Jump up ^ Sarantakes . Dropping the Torch , pp. 115 -- 118 . Jump up ^ Honey , Martha ( 4 February 1980 ) . `` Ali Spars With Second Thoughts As Africans Argue Boycott Issue '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved 10 June 2017 . Jump up ^ Ezra , Michael ( June 5 , 2016 ) . `` Muhammad Ali 's Strange , Failed Diplomatic Career '' . POLITICO Magazine . Retrieved 10 June 2017 . Jump up ^ Cuddihy , Martin ( June 9 , 2016 ) . `` Muhammad Ali : Africa remembers the boxing legend '' . ABC News ( Australia ) . Retrieved September 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Associated Press ( April 23 , 1980 ) . `` Governments slapped for boycott pressure '' . The Spokesman - Review . Spokane , Washington . p . C1 . Retrieved August 8 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : 1980 Summer Olympics Official Report from the Organizing Committee Archived June 22 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine. , vol. 2 , p. 190 . ^ Jump up to : Golan , Galia ; Soviet Policies in the Middle East : From World War Two to Gorbachev ; p. 193 ISBN 9780521358590 Jump up ^ Freedman , Robert O. ; Moscow and the Middle East : Soviet Policy since the Invasion of Afghanistan , p. 78 ISBN 0 - 521 - 35976 - 7 Jump up ^ 1980 Moscow . olympic.org.nz ^ Jump up to : `` Partial Boycott -- New IOC President '' . Keesing 's Record of World Events. 26 : 30599 . December 1980 . Jump up ^ Fimrite , Ron ( July 28 , 1980 ) . `` Only The Bears Were Bullish '' . SI Vault ; CNN . Retrieved August 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Olympics chief feared protests '' . Belfasttelegraph.co.uk . December 30 , 2010 . Retrieved August 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Neff , Craig ( 28 July 1980 ) . `` ... and meanwhile in Philadelphia '' . Sports Illustrated . 53 ( 5 ) : 18 . Retrieved 3 August 2016 . Jump up ^ Marshall , Joe ( 11 August 1980 ) . `` All that glitter was not gold '' . Sports Illustrated . 53 ( 7 ) : 32 . Retrieved 3 August 2016 . Olympic Games scandals and controversies By year 2008 ( summer ) 2010 ( winter ) 2012 ( summer ) 2014 ( winter ) 2016 ( summer ) 2018 ( winter ) 2020 ( summer ) 2022 ( winter ) Boycotts 1936 1956 1964 1976 1980 1984 Alternative competitions People 's Olympiad ( 1936 ) Games of the New Emerging Forces ( 1963 ) Liberty Bell Classic ( 1980 ) Friendship Games ( 1984 ) Goodwill Games ( 1986 -- 2001 ) Events Football match between Peru and Austria ( 1936 ) `` Blood in the Water '' water polo match ( 1956 ) Tlatelolco massacre ( 1968 ) Black Power salute ( 1968 ) Munich massacre ( 1972 ) Basketball gold - medal match controversy ( 1972 ) Kozakiewicz 's gesture ( 1980 ) Centennial Olympic Park bombing ( 1996 ) Winter Olympic bid scandal ( 1998 ) Figure - skating judging scandal ( 2002 ) Underage gymnasts controversy ( 2008 ) Death of Nodar Kumaritashvili ( 2010 ) One minute of silence campaign ( 2012 ) LGBT rights protests ( 2014 ) Sochi Ladies ' singles judging controversy ( 2014 ) Russian doping scandal ( 2015 -- present ) Ireland Summer Olympics ticket scandal ( 2016 ) Death of Bahman Golbarnezhad ( 2016 ) Lochtegate ( 2016 ) Rule 40 ( 2016 ) List of stripped Olympic medals Doping at the Olympic Games Apartheid - era South Africa and the Olympics Cold War USA USSR ANZUS NATO Non-Aligned Movement SEATO Warsaw Pact Cold War II 1940s Morgenthau Plan Hukbalahap Rebellion Dekemvriana Percentages agreement Yalta Conference Guerrilla war in the Baltic states Forest Brothers Operation Priboi Operation Jungle Occupation of the Baltic states Cursed soldiers Operation Unthinkable Operation Downfall Potsdam Conference Gouzenko Affair Division of Korea Operation Masterdom Operation Beleaguer Operation Blacklist Forty Iran crisis of 1946 Greek Civil War Baruch Plan Corfu Channel incident Turkish Straits crisis Restatement of Policy on Germany First Indochina War Truman Doctrine Asian Relations Conference May 1947 Crises Marshall Plan Comecon 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état Tito -- Stalin Split Berlin Blockade Western betrayal Iron Curtain Eastern Bloc Western Bloc Chinese Civil War ( Second round ) Malayan Emergency Albanian Subversion 1950s Papua conflict Bamboo Curtain Korean War McCarthyism Egyptian Revolution of 1952 1953 Iranian coup d'état Uprising of 1953 in East Germany Dirty War ( Mexico ) Bricker Amendment 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état Partition of Vietnam Vietnam War First Taiwan Strait Crisis Geneva Summit ( 1955 ) Bandung Conference Poznań 1956 protests Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Suez Crisis `` We will bury you '' Operation Gladio Arab Cold War Syrian Crisis of 1957 1958 Lebanon crisis Iraqi 14 July Revolution Sputnik crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 1959 Tibetan uprising Cuban Revolution Kitchen Debate Sino - Soviet split 1960s Congo Crisis 1960 U-2 incident Bay of Pigs Invasion 1960 Turkish coup d'état Soviet -- Albanian split Berlin Crisis of 1961 Berlin Wall Portuguese Colonial War Angolan War of Independence Guinea - Bissau War of Independence Mozambican War of Independence Cuban Missile Crisis Sino - Indian War Communist insurgency in Sarawak Iraqi Ramadan Revolution Eritrean War of Independence Sand War North Yemen Civil War Aden Emergency 1963 Syrian coup d'état Vietnam War Shifta War Guatemalan Civil War Colombian conflict Nicaraguan Revolution 1964 Brazilian coup d'état Dominican Civil War South African Border War Transition to the New Order Domino theory ASEAN Declaration Laotian Civil War 1966 Syrian coup d'état Argentine Revolution Korean DMZ Conflict Greek military junta of 1967 -- 74 Years of Lead ( Italy ) USS Pueblo incident Six - Day War War of Attrition Dhofar Rebellion Al - Wadiah War Protests of 1968 French May Tlatelolco massacre Cultural Revolution Prague Spring 1968 Polish political crisis Communist insurgency in Malaysia Invasion of Czechoslovakia Iraqi Ba'athist Revolution Goulash Communism Sino - Soviet border conflict CPP -- NPA -- NDF rebellion Corrective Move 1970s Détente Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Black September in Jordan Corrective Movement ( Syria ) Cambodian Civil War Koza riot Realpolitik Ping - pong diplomacy Uganda -- Tanzania War 1971 Turkish military memorandum Corrective Revolution ( Egypt ) Four Power Agreement on Berlin Bangladesh Liberation War 1972 Nixon visit to China North Yemen - South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 Yemenite War of 1972 NDF Rebellion Eritrean Civil Wars 1973 Chilean coup d'état Yom Kippur War 1973 oil crisis Carnation Revolution Spanish transition Metapolitefsi Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Rhodesian Bush War Angolan Civil War Mozambican Civil War Oromo conflict Ogaden War Ethiopian Civil War Lebanese Civil War Sino - Albanian split Cambodian -- Vietnamese War Sino - Vietnamese War Operation Condor Dirty War ( Argentina ) 1976 Argentine coup d'état Korean Air Lines Flight 902 Yemenite War of 1979 Grand Mosque seizure Iranian Revolution Saur Revolution New Jewel Movement 1979 Herat uprising Seven Days to the River Rhine Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union 1980s Soviet -- Afghan War 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 1980 Turkish coup d'état Peruvian conflict Casamance conflict Ugandan Bush War Lord 's Resistance Army insurgency Eritrean Civil Wars 1982 Ethiopian -- Somali Border War Ndogboyosoi War United States invasion of Grenada Able Archer 83 Star Wars Iran -- Iraq War Somali Rebellion 1986 Black Sea incident 1988 Black Sea bumping incident South Yemen Civil War Bougainville Civil War 8888 Uprising Solidarity Soviet reaction Contras Central American crisis RYAN Korean Air Lines Flight 007 People Power Revolution Glasnost Perestroika Nagorno - Karabakh War Afghan Civil War United States invasion of Panama 1988 Polish strikes Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Revolutions of 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall Velvet Revolution Romanian Revolution Peaceful Revolution Die Wende 1990s Mongolian Revolution of 1990 German reunification Yemeni unification Fall of communism in Albania Breakup of Yugoslavia Dissolution of the Soviet Union Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Frozen conflicts Abkhazia China - Taiwan Korea Nagorno - Karabakh South Ossetia Transnistria Sino - Indian border dispute North Borneo dispute Foreign policy Truman Doctrine Containment Eisenhower Doctrine Domino theory Hallstein Doctrine Kennedy Doctrine Peaceful coexistence Ostpolitik Johnson Doctrine Brezhnev Doctrine Nixon Doctrine Ulbricht Doctrine Carter Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Rollback Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War Ideologies Capitalism Chicago school Keynesianism Monetarism Neoclassical economics Reaganomics Supply - side economics Thatcherism Communism Marxism -- Leninism Castroism Eurocommunism Guevarism Hoxhaism Juche Maoism Trotskyism Naxalism Stalinism Titoism Other Fascism Islamism Liberal democracy Social democracy Third - Worldism White supremacy Apartheid Organizations ASEAN CIA Comecon EEC KGB MI6 Non-Aligned Movement SAARC Safari Club Stasi Propaganda Active measures Crusade for Freedom Izvestia Pravda Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty Red Scare TASS Voice of America Voice of Russia Races Arms race Nuclear arms race Space Race See also Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Soviet espionage in the United States Soviet Union -- United States relations USSR -- USA summits Russian espionage in the United States American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation Russia -- NATO relations Brinkmanship CIA and the Cultural Cold War Cold War II Category Commons Portal Timeline List of conflicts Jimmy Carter 39th President of the United States ( 1977 -- 81 ) 76th Governor of Georgia ( 1971 -- 75 ) Presidency Presidency Inauguration Camp David Accords Egypt -- Israel Peace Treaty Torrijos -- Carter Treaties National Energy Policy Iran hostage crisis Operation Eagle Claw Island of Stability speech Moral Equivalent of War speech 1979 energy crisis Carter Doctrine Diplomatic Relations with China 1980 Summer Olympics boycott SALT Department of Energy Department of Education Department of Health and Human Services State of the Union Addresses ( 1978 1979 1980 ) Cabinet Federal judicial appointments controversies Executive Order 12148 Executive Order 12170 Rabbit incident Goldwater v. Carter Life and activities Carter Center Presidential Library and Museum Habitat for Humanity Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project The Elders Carter -- Menil Human Rights Prize Jimmy Carter National Historic Site Nairobi Agreement , 1999 UFO incident Elections Georgia gubernatorial election , 1966 1970 Democratic presidential primaries , 1976 1980 Democratic National Convention , 1972 1976 1980 United States presidential election , 1976 1980 Books ( Complete bibliography ) The Hornet 's Nest ( 2003 novel ) Our Endangered Values ( 2006 ) Palestine : Peace Not Apartheid ( 2006 ) ( reaction and commentary ) Beyond the White House ( 2007 ) We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land ( 2009 ) White House Diary ( 2010 ) A Call to Action : Women , Religion , Violence , and Power ( 2014 ) A Full Life : Reflections at 90 ( 2015 ) Honors ( Complete list ) Nobel Peace Prize Presidential Medal of Freedom Freedom of the City Silver Buffalo Award Philadelphia Liberty Medal United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights Hoover Medal Christopher Award Grammy Award Legacy Man from Plains ( 2007 documentary ) USS Jimmy Carter Related Mary Prince ( nanny ) Family Rosalynn Carter ( wife ) Jack Carter ( son ) Amy Carter ( daughter ) James Earl Carter , Sr. ( father ) Lillian Gordy Carter ( mother ) Gloria Carter Spann ( sister ) Ruth Carter Stapleton ( sister ) Billy Carter ( brother ) Jason Carter ( grandson ) Emily Dolvin ( maternal aunt ) Hugh Carter ( paternal first cousin ) ← Gerald Ford Ronald Reagan → Category Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott&oldid=836709503 '' Categories : 1980 Summer Olympics Boycotts of Russia Olympic Games controversies Soviet Union -- United States relations Carter administration controversies Soviet -- Afghan War Pakistan -- Soviet Union relations International sports boycotts Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from September 2014 Articles needing additional references from January 2018 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Dansk Español Français Bahasa Indonesia עברית Latviešu Norsk Norsk nynorsk Português Svenska 中文 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 April 2018 , at 12 : 01 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when did the us not go to the olympics


Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution - wikipedia Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution Jump to : navigation , search This article is part of a series on the Constitution of the United States of America Preamble and Articles of the Constitution Preamble II III IV V VI VII Amendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVII Unratified Amendments Congressional Apportionment Titles of Nobility Corwin Child Labor Equal Rights D.C. Voting Rights History Drafting and ratification timeline Convention Signing Federalism Republicanism Full text of the Constitution and Amendments Preamble and Articles I -- VII Amendments I -- X Amendments XI -- XXVII Unratified Amendments United States portal U.S. Government portal Law portal Wikipedia book The Eleventh Amendment ( Amendment XI ) to the United States Constitution , which was passed by Congress on March 4 , 1794 , and ratified by the states on February 7 , 1795 , deals with each state 's sovereign immunity and was adopted to overrule the U.S. Supreme Court 's decision in Chisholm v. Georgia , 2 U.S. 419 ( 1793 ) . Contents ( hide ) 1 Text 2 Background 3 Proposal and ratification 4 Impact 4.1 Retroactivity 4.2 Sovereign immunity 4.3 Application to federal law 4.4 Territorial application 5 References 6 External links Text ( edit ) The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity , commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State , or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State . Background ( edit ) See also : State sovereign immunity The Eleventh Amendment was the first Constitutional amendment adopted after the Bill of Rights . The amendment was adopted following the Supreme Court 's ruling in Chisholm v. Georgia , 2 U.S. 419 ( 1793 ) . In Chisholm , the Court ruled that federal courts had the authority to hear cases in law and equity brought by private citizens against states and that states did not enjoy sovereign immunity from suits made by citizens of other states in federal court . Thus , the amendment clarified Article III , Section 2 of the Constitution , which gives diversity jurisdiction to the judiciary to hear cases `` between a state and citizens of another state '' . Proposal and ratification ( edit ) The Eleventh Amendment was proposed by the 3rd Congress on March 4 , 1794 , when it was approved by the House of Representatives by vote of 81 -- 9 , having been previously passed by the Senate , 23 -- 2 , on January 14 , 1794 . The amendment was ratified by the state legislatures of the following states : New York -- March 27 , 1794 Rhode Island -- March 31 , 1794 Connecticut -- May 8 , 1794 New Hampshire -- June 16 , 1794 Massachusetts -- June 26 , 1794 Vermont -- November 9 , 1794 Virginia -- November 18 , 1794 Georgia -- November 29 , 1794 Kentucky -- December 7 , 1794 Maryland -- December 26 , 1794 Delaware -- January 23 , 1795 North Carolina -- February 7 , 1795 As there were 15 States at the time , the ratification by twelve States added the Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution . It was subsequently ratified by : South Carolina -- December 4 , 1797 On January 8 , 1798 , approximately three years after the Eleventh Amendment 's adoption , President John Adams stated in a message to Congress that the Eleventh Amendment had been ratified by the necessary number of States and that it was now a part of the Constitution of the United States . New Jersey and Pennsylvania did not take action on the amendment ; neither did Tennessee , which had become a State on June 16 , 1796 . Impact ( edit ) The Eleventh Amendment in the National Archives Retroactivity ( edit ) In Hollingsworth v. Virginia , 3 U.S. 378 ( 1798 ) , the Supreme Court held that every pending action brought under Chisholm had to be dismissed because of the amendment 's adoption . Sovereign immunity ( edit ) The amendment 's text does not mention suits brought against a state by its own citizens . However , in Hans v. Louisiana , 134 U.S. 1 ( 1890 ) , the Supreme Court ruled that the amendment reflects a broader principle of sovereign immunity . As Justice Anthony Kennedy later stated in Alden v. Maine , 527 U.S. 706 ( 1999 ) : ( S ) overeign immunity derives not from the Eleventh Amendment but from the structure of the original Constitution itself ... Nor can we conclude that the specific Article I powers delegated to Congress necessarily include , by virtue of the Necessary and Proper Clause or otherwise , the incidental authority to subject the States to private suits as a means of achieving objectives otherwise within the scope of the enumerated powers . However , Justice David Souter , writing for a four - Justice dissent in Alden , said the states surrendered their sovereign immunity when they ratified the Constitution . He read the amendment 's text as reflecting a narrow form of sovereign immunity that limited only the diversity jurisdiction of the federal courts . He concluded that neither the Eleventh Amendment in particular nor the Constitution in general insulates the states from suits by individuals . Application to federal law ( edit ) Although the Eleventh Amendment grants immunity to states from suit for money damages or equitable relief without their consent , in Ex parte Young , 209 U.S. 123 ( 1908 ) , the Supreme Court ruled that federal courts may enjoin state officials from violating federal law . In Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer , 427 U.S. 445 ( 1976 ) , the Supreme Court ruled that Congress may abrogate state immunity from suit under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment . In Central Virginia Community College v. Katz , 546 U.S. 356 ( 2006 ) , the Court ruled the Congress could do the same regarding bankruptcy cases by way of Article I , Section 8 , Clause 4 of the Constitution . In Lapides v. Board of Regents of Univ . System of Ga. , 535 U.S. 613 ( 2002 ) , the Supreme Court ruled that when a state invokes a federal court 's removal jurisdiction , it waives the Eleventh Amendment in the removed case . Territorial application ( edit ) The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit has ruled that Puerto Rico enjoys Eleventh Amendment immunity . The territories of American Samoa , Guam , Northern Mariana Islands and the Virgin Islands do not enjoy Eleventh Amendment immunity . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Annotation 1 - Eleventh Amendment - State Immunity '' . FindLaw . Retrieved May 4 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Susan Gluck Mezey , 2006 . `` The Eleventh Amendment '' . Federalism in America : An Encyclopedia . Jump up ^ `` 4 Annals of Congress 477 ( 1795 ) '' . Retrieved April 18 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` 4 Annals of Congress 30 ( 1795 ) '' . Retrieved April 18 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Constitution of the United States of America : Analysis and Interpretation , Centennial Edition , Interim Edition : Analysis of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 26 , 2013 '' ( PDF ) . Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office . 2013 . p. 42 . Retrieved April 13 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` 7 Annals of Congress 809 ( 1798 ) '' . Retrieved April 18 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Opinion of the Court in Hollingsworth v. Virginia Jump up ^ Opinion of the Court in Alden v. Maine Jump up ^ Dissenting opinion in Alden v. Maine Jump up ^ e.g. , Ramirez v. Puerto Rico Fire Service and Office of Personnel ( 1st Cir. 1983 ) . Jump up ^ Guam Soc. of Obstetricians and Gynecologists v. Ada , 776 F. Supp. 1422 ( D. Guam 1990 ) Jump up ^ Norita v. Northern Mariana Islands , 331 F. 3d 690 ( 9th Cir 2003 ) Jump up ^ Tonder v. M / V The Burkholder , 630 F. Supp. 691 ( D. Virgin Islands 1986 ) External links ( edit ) Clark , Bradford R. ( 2010 ) . `` The Eleventh Amendment and the Nature of the Union '' ( PDF ) . Harvard Law Review . 123 ( 8 ) : 1817 -- 1918 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 15 January 2013 . CRS Annotated Constitution : Eleventh Amendment Leaving the Chisholm Trail ( hide ) United States Constitution Text ( via Wikisource ) Preamble and Articles I -- VII Amendments 1 -- 10 Amendments 11 -- 27 Unsuccessful Proposed Amendments Debates in State Conventions on the Adoption of the Constitution Preamble and articles Preamble II III IV V VI VII Amendments Ratified Bill of Rights 5 6 7 8 9 10 Others 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Pending Congressional Apportionment Titles of Nobility Corwin Amendment Child Labor Repealed Eighteenth Amendment Unsuccessful Equal Rights District of Columbia Voting Rights List of Amendments Bill of Rights ( Amendments 1 -- 10 ) Reconstruction Amendments ( Amendments 13 -- 15 ) Amendment proposals in Congress Convention to propose amendments State ratifying conventions Formation History Articles of Confederation Mount Vernon Conference Annapolis Convention Philadelphia Convention Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Connecticut Compromise Three - Fifths Compromise Committee of Detail Signing Independence Hall Syng inkstand The Federalist Papers Anti-Federalist Papers Massachusetts Compromise Virginia Ratifying Convention Hillsborough Convention Rhode Island ratification Drafting and ratification timeline Clauses Appointments Appropriations Assistance of Counsel Bills of credit Case or Controversy Citizenship Commerce Compact Compulsory Process Confrontation Contract Copyright and Patent Double Jeopardy Due Process Equal Protection Establishment Exceptions Excessive Bail Ex post facto Extradition Free Exercise Free Speech Fugitive Slave Full Faith and Credit General Welfare Guarantee Impeachment Import - Export Ineligibility Militia Natural - born citizen Necessary and Proper New States No Religious Test Oath or Affirmation Origination Petition Postal Presentment Privileges and Immunities Privileges or Immunities Recommendation Self - Incrimination Speech or Debate Speedy Trial State of the Union Supremacy Suspension Take Care Takings Taxing and Spending Territorial Title of Nobility Treaty Trial by Jury Vesting Vicinage War Powers List of clauses Interpretation Concurrent powers Congressional enforcement Constitutional law Criminal procedure Criminal sentencing Dormant Commerce Clause Enumerated powers Equal footing Executive privilege Incorporation of the Bill of Rights Judicial review Nondelegation doctrine Preemption Saxbe fix Separation of church and state Separation of powers Taxation power Unitary executive theory Display and legacy National Archives Charters of Freedom Rotunda Independence Mall Constitution Day Constitution Gardens National Constitution Center Scene at the Signing of the Constitution ( painting ) A More Perfect Union ( film ) Worldwide influence US Government Portal Law Portal Wikipedia book VIAF : 180740144 LCCN : n97009336 GND : 4489474 - 0 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution&oldid=822101044 '' Categories : 1794 in American law Amendments to the United States Constitution History of the United States ( 1789 -- 1849 ) 1794 in American politics 3rd United States Congress State sovereign immunity in the United States 1795 in American law 1795 in American politics Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Ænglisc Беларуская Català Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 עברית 日本 語 Polski Русский Simple English Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 24 January 2018 , at 11 : 36 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: what event provoked congress to propose the eleventh amendment and the states to ratify it

U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Chisholm v. Georgia