Tomb Raider ( film ) - wikipedia Tomb Raider ( film ) Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the 2018 film starring Alicia Vikander . For the 2001 film starring Angelina Jolie , see Lara Croft : Tomb Raider . Tomb Raider Theatrical release poster Directed by Roar Uthaug Produced by Graham King Screenplay by Geneva Robertson - Dworet Alastair Siddons Story by Evan Daugherty Geneva Robertson - Dworet Based on Tomb Raider by Crystal Dynamics Starring Alicia Vikander Music by Tom Holkenborg Cinematography George Richmond Edited by Stuart Baird Michael Tronick Production companies Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer Warner Bros. Pictures GK Films Square Enix Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures Release date March 2 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 02 ) ( Berlin ) March 14 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 14 ) ( United Kingdom ) March 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 16 ) ( United States ) Running time 118 minutes Country United Kingdom United States Language English Budget $90 - 106 million Box office $270.7 million Tomb Raider is a 2018 action - adventure film directed by Roar Uthaug , with a screenplay by Geneva Robertson - Dworet and Alastair Siddons , from a story by Evan Daugherty and Robertson - Dworet . It is based on the 2013 video game of the same name , with some elements of its sequel by Crystal Dynamics , and is a reboot of the Tomb Raider film series . The film stars Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft , who embarks on a perilous journey to her father 's last - known destination , hoping to solve the mystery of his disappearance . Dominic West , Walton Goggins , Daniel Wu , and Kristin Scott Thomas appear in supporting roles . Principal photography took place from January to June 2017 at the Warner Bros. Studios in the United Kingdom , and in Cape Town , South Africa . The first Tomb Raider film not to be distributed by Paramount Pictures , it was released in the United Kingdom on March 14 , 2018 and in the United States on March 16 , 2018 by Warner Bros. Pictures , in RealD 3D , IMAX 3D and IMAX . It has grossed $270 million worldwide , lifting it provisionally into the Top 10 highest - grossing film of 2018 ; currently , it ranks at 11th place . The film received mixed reviews from critics , with some describing the plot as `` paint - by - numbers '' , and others praising the grittiness and realistic take on the franchise . While Vikander 's performance was highlighted , the characterization of Croft drew a polarized response ; some described her as a `` capable , powerful and unobjectified heroine '' while others called her bland , and a `` punching bag and onlooker . '' Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Filming 4 Release 5 Reception 5.1 Box office 5.2 Critical response 6 Future 7 References 8 External links Plot ( edit ) Following the disappearance of her father Richard Croft , Lara Croft makes a living as a bike courier . When she is arrested after a bike accident involving a police car , Richard 's business partner Ana Miller posts her bail and warns her that if she does not claim her inheritance , her father 's estate will be sold off . Lara reluctantly accepts and gains access to her father 's office . There she finds a pre-recorded message from Richard detailing his research into Himiko , the mythical Queen of Yamatai who was said to command the power over life and death . Richard warns Lara to destroy all of his research but Lara decides not to so she can investigate further . Lara travels to Hong Kong where she hires Lu Ren , captain of the ship Endurance , to sail into the Devil 's Sea to the island of Yamatai . The ship capsizes in a violent storm and Lara is washed ashore where she is knocked unconscious . She is revived by Mathias Vogel , the leader of an expedition to locate Himiko 's tomb . The expedition has been funded by a shadowy organisation called Trinity that seeks to harness and weaponise Himiko 's power . Vogel takes Lara prisoner , claiming that he killed her father and intends to use Richard 's research to continue his expedition . Lara escapes with the help of Lu Ren , who also survived the storm and has been put to work with the local fishermen digging for Himiko 's tomb . She evades capture but is seriously wounded in the process and passes out from her injuries . Lara regains consciousness after nightfall and is forced to kill a Trinity guard when she is nearly discovered . She follows a mysterious figure wandering the island and discovers that the figure is her father , who himself had been held captive on Yamatai . After Lara convinces him that she is real , Richard treats her injuries . Despite his protests , Lara sets off to recover his research from Vogel 's camp . Lara makes contact with Lu Ren , and he , along with the fishermen , stage distractions that allow Lara to infiltrate the Trinity camp and recover her father 's research . In the ensuing chaos , Richard makes his way to the Himiko 's tomb and is captured by Vogel , who persuades Lara to open the tomb . The party navigates a series of booby traps and locates Himiko 's sarcophagus . Two Trinity soldiers attempt to remove her corpse but become infected by Himiko 's `` power , '' which is actually a disease so potent that mere physical contact triggers immediate bodily disintegration . Vogel shoots the infected soldier , concluding that he can not remove Himiko 's body . He instead settles for detaching a finger , which he seals in a pouch . In the confusion , Lara and Richard overpower the remaining soldiers , though Vogel escapes and Richard becomes infected . Knowing there is no cure , Richard proposes destroying Himiko 's tomb to prevent the virus from spreading across the world . Lara gives chase to Vogel as Richard sets off a bomb , killing himself and sealing the tomb . Lara confronts Vogel and the two fight . Lara overpowers him and force - feeds him Himiko 's severed finger before kicking him down a deep chasm just as the infection takes over . She is rescued by Lu Ren and the fishermen , who then commandeer a Trinity helicopter to escape Yamatai . Lara returns to London , where she formally accepts her inheritance and inadvertently discovers that Trinity 's front company , Patna , is actually a subsidiary of Croft Holdings . She proceeds to investigate Trinity further among her father 's files and begins to suspect that Ana Miller is one of its agents who manipulated her into accepting her inheritance in order to have Lara sign over control of Croft Holdings ' business operations to her when Richard Croft stopped cooperating with Trinity . Having witnessed Trinity 's ruthlessness firsthand , she prepares for her next adventure to thwart their future plans - buying two Heckler & Koch USP Match pistols with stainless slides . Cast ( edit ) Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft Maisy De Freitas as 7 - year - old Lara Emily Carey as 14 - year - old Lara Dominic West as Lord Richard Croft , Lara 's archaeologist father . Walton Goggins as Mathias Vogel , a rival archaeologist of Richard Croft , and a member of Trinity , a shadowy organization . Daniel Wu as Lu Ren , the ship captain who helps Lara to search for her father . Kristin Scott Thomas as Ana Miller , an associate at Richard Croft 's company , Croft Holdings . Derek Jacobi as Mr. Yaffe , an associate at Croft Holdings . Nick Frost as Max , pawn shop owner and gun salesman . Jaime Winstone as Pamela , Max 's wife . Hannah John - Kamen as Sophie , Croft 's close friend . Antonio Aakeel as Nitin Ahuja , a shy friend of Lara . Duncan Airlie James as Terry , the Mixed Martial Arts club operator . Additionally , Annabel Wood portrays Rose , Lara 's opponent at the Mixed Martial Arts club , and Shekhar Varma and Rekha John - Cheriyan appear as Nitin 's parents . Josef Altin portrays Bruce , Lara 's boss , Billy Postlethwaite and Roger Nsengiyumva appear as Bill and Rog , Lara 's co-workers and opponents at the race , Michael Obiora portrays Baxter , Croft Holdings 's receptionist , Keenan Arrison portrays Rocket , a Trinity guard , and Alexandre Willaume plays Trinity 's lieutenant . Production ( edit ) GK Films first acquired the rights to make the film in 2011 . Norwegian director Roar Uthaug came on board in November 2015 , and Alicia Vikander was announced as the new Lara Croft in April 2016 . Deadline Hollywood had previously reported that Daisy Ridley was considered for the role , though she later stated in an interview that it was just a `` crazy rumor . '' Walton Goggins was announced to play the villain in December 2016 , and much of the rest of the cast was revealed in early 2017 . Filming ( edit ) Principal photography on the film began on January 23 , 2017 in Cape Town , South Africa , and ended on June 9 , 2017 at Warner Bros. Studios , Leavesden . Wilton House near Salisbury in Wiltshire was the location for exterior shots for Croft Manor . The waterfall sequence involving the plane was filmed at a waterpark at Lee Valley , outside of London , at a venue that had been built for the 2012 Summer Olympics , and was combined with footage filmed in South Africa . Release ( edit ) Tomb Raider premiered on March 2 , 2018 in Berlin , Germany , at an exclusive preview with invited guests and cosplaying fans . It was released in the United States on March 16 , 2018 , by Warner Bros. Pictures , days after the fifth anniversary of the franchise 's video game reboot . The film received an IMAX 3D and a RealD 3D release . Outside the US , the film was released in most territories between March 8 -- 16 , 2018 , in Japan on March 21 , 2018 , and in Poland on April 6 , 2018 . Reception ( edit ) Box Office ( edit ) As of April 23 , 2018 , Tomb Raider has grossed $56.7 million in the United States and Canada , and $213.9 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $270 million . In order to break even , the film needs to gross at least $275 million worldwide . In the United States and Canada , Tomb Raider was released alongside Love , Simon and I Can Only Imagine , and was projected to gross $23 -- 29 million from 3,854 theaters in its opening weekend . The film made $9.1 million on its first day ( including $2.1 million from Thursday night previews ) . It went on to open to $23.5 million , finishing second at the box office , behind Black Panther ( $27 million in its fifth week ) . It fell 55 % to $10.6 million in its second weekend , finishing 5th at the box office . It grossed $4.9 million in its third weekend , falling 51 % and finishing seventh . Internationally , the film opened in nine Asian countries a week prior to its United States debut . It made $14.2 million over the weekend , with Korea 's $2.9 million being the biggest market . The film opened in China on March 16 , 2018 , and made $12.3 million the first day . It was the fifth - highest grossing day for a Warner Bros. film , opening 6 % higher than Wonder Woman , and went on to debut to $41 million . As of April 23 , 2018 , the film 's largest markets were China ( $79.2 million ) , the United Kingdom ( $10.8 million ) , France ( $10.3 million ) , and the Russian Commonwealth ( $7.5 million ) . Critical response ( edit ) On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 49 % , based on 237 reviews , and an average rating of 5.4 / 10 . The website 's critical consensus reads , `` Tomb Raider reboots the franchise with a more grounded approach and a star who 's clearly more than up to the task -- neither of which are well served by an uninspired origin story . '' At the time of its release , it was the best - reviewed live action video game film in the history of the site , before being surpassed by Rampage a month later . On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100 , based on 53 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews . '' Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` B '' on an A+ to F scale , the same score earned by the 2001 film ; PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 70 % positive score . Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 2 out of 4 stars and said , `` The Lara Croft reboot Tomb Raider is n't half bad for an hour . Then there 's another hour . That hour is quite bad . It 's no fun watching your action heroine get shoved , punched and kicked to the sidelines of her own movie , while the menfolk take over and take turns overacting before expiring . '' Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a mixed review , criticizing the story but praising Vikander , and writing , `` When all the one - dimensional supporting characters and familiar action moves fall by the wayside , the one thing left standing is Vikander ... The film strains credulity even for a vid - game fantasy by letting the leading lady recover awfully quickly from bad injuries , but other than that Vikander commands attention and is the element here that makes Tomb Raider sort of watchable . '' Matt Bobkin of Exclaim ! gave the film a 5 out of 10 score , writing `` Tomb Raider is at its best when delivering mindless action , but do n't bother trying to glean any sort of deeper , subversive meaning . '' Owen Gleiberman of Variety praised the film , saying that `` The exciting surprise of the new Tomb Raider , directed by the Norwegian genre specialist Roar Uthaug , is that it does n't tamp down Vikander 's inner flame , or the three - dimensionality of her talent ; it does n't fold and insert her into an overly gymnastic and CGI - happy thrill ride . The movie is full of vine - swinging , bow - and - arrow - shooting , ancient - spirit - meeting action , but most of it is staged on a convincing human scale , one that 's been expertly tailored to its star 's understated directness . '' Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film 3 out of 4 stars , and said , `` this is a beautifully crafted and unpretentious piece of action cinema , with a number of sequences that are as gorgeous as they are thrilling , and a female hero who 's as elegant as she is deadly : an ass - kicking Audrey Hepburn . '' Future ( edit ) Producer Adrian Askarieh told IGN in an interview that he may oversee a film universe with Just Cause , Hitman , Tomb Raider , Deus Ex , and Thief . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Film Releases '' . Variety Insight . Variety Media . Archived from the original on March 15 , 2018 . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Fabian , Daniel ( March 3 , 2018 ) . `` '' Tomb Raider `` : Das war die exklusive Preview mit Alicia Vikander '' . DVD-Forum.at ( in German ) . Retrieved March 5 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` TOMB RAIDER - Premierenclip Deutsch HD German ( 2018 ) '' . Warner Bros. DE . YouTube . March 5 , 2018 . Retrieved March 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` TOMB RAIDER ( 12A ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . February 23 , 2018 . Retrieved March 8 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Tomb Raider ( 2018 ) '' . British Film Institute . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Anthony D'Alessandro ( March 17 , 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' Poised For $460 M+ Profit ; Faith - Based ' I Can Only Imagine ' Surprises With $15 M + '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved April 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Tomb Raider ( 2018 ) '' . The Numbers . Retrieved April 26 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Kilkenny , Katie ( March 14 , 2018 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider ' : What the Critics Are Saying '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved March 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Tomb Raider ( 2018 ) : Full Cast & Crew '' . IMDb . Retrieved April 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` ' The Departed ' & ' The Town ' Producer Plans ' Tomb Raider ' Reboot For 2013 '' . The Film Stage . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( November 17 , 2015 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider ' Reboot Finds Director ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved March 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( April 28 , 2016 ) . `` Alicia Vikander to Star as Lara Croft in ' Tomb Raider ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved April 29 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Jaafar , Ali ( March 10 , 2016 ) . `` Is ' Star Wars ' Daisy Ridley Being Eyed As Lara Croft In ' Tomb Raider ' Reboot ? '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved March 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 73 Questions With Daisy Ridley '' . Vogue . YouTube . October 11 , 2017 . Retrieved January 20 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( December 7 , 2016 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider ' Reboot Casts Walton Goggins as Villain Opposite Alicia Vikander ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Penske Business Media . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Sheridan , Connor ( December 13 , 2016 ) . `` Tomb Raider reboot movie is like Raiders of the Lost Ark according to bad guy actor Walton Goggins '' . GamesRadar+ . Future Publishing . Retrieved December 20 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Matt ( December 27 , 2016 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider ' : Walton Goggins on His `` Confused '' , `` Angry '' , and `` Desperate '' Villain `` . Collider . Future Media . Retrieved April 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( January 11 , 2017 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider ' Reboot Adds ' Into the Badlands ' Star Daniel Wu ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Penske Business Media . Retrieved April 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Ford , Rebecca ( January 27 , 2017 ) . `` Dominic West Joins Alicia Vikander in ' Tomb Raider ' ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved January 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Busch , Anita ( April 13 , 2017 ) . `` Hannah John - Kamen Joins ' Tomb Raider ' Cast ; Andre Royo Steps Into Amazon 's ' Beautiful Boy ' '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved April 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Perry , Spencer ( January 23 , 2017 ) . `` New Tomb Raider Movie Filming Has Begun ! '' . ComingSoon.net . CraveOnline Media . Retrieved January 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Scott , Ryan ( December 22 , 2016 ) . `` Tomb Raider Reboot Begins Shooting in January 2017 '' . MovieWeb . Watchr Media . Retrieved December 23 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Myles , Sarah ( December 22 , 2016 ) . `` Tomb Raider Movie Is About To Head Into Production '' . We Got This Covered . Retrieved December 23 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lesnick , Silas ( June 9 , 2017 ) . `` New Tomb Raider Movie Wraps Production '' . ComingSoon.net . CraveOnline Media . Retrieved June 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Tomb Raider ( 2018 ) : Filming & Production '' . IMDb . Retrieved April 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Failes , Ian ( April 9 , 2018 ) . `` TOMB RAIDER : Transforming the Waterfall Scene with Frame - By - Frame VFX '' . VFX Voice . Retrieved April 10 , 2018 . Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( July 7 , 2016 ) . `` Alicia Vikander 's ' Tomb Raider ' Gets 2018 Release Date '' . Variety . Penske Business Media . Retrieved July 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ CS ( October 19 , 2016 ) . `` IMAX and Warner Bros. Extend Deal to Include 12 More Films '' . ComingSoon.net . CraveOnline Media . Retrieved October 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Tomb Raider ( 2018 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved April 23 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Anthony D'Alessandro ( March 18 , 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' Keeps B.O. Treasure From ' Tomb Raider ' ; How ' I Can Only Imagine ' Hit A $17 M High Note '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved March 18 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Jeremy Fuster ( March 13 , 2018 ) . `` Will ' Tomb Raider ' Be the Movie to Finally Knock ' Black Panther ' From Box Office Perch ? '' . TheWrap . Retrieved March 13 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( March 25 , 2018 ) . `` Does ' Pacific Rim : Uprising ' Break Even At The Global B.O. ? ; ' Black Panther ' Sets Marvel Record -- Sunday Postmortem '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved March 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( April 1 , 2018 ) . `` How Warner Bros. Sold ' Ready Player One ' On The Spielberg Spirit & Beat Tracking With $53 M+ 4 - Day -- Sunday Postmortem '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved April 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ( March 11 , 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' Tops $500 M Overseas , $1 B WW With $67 M China Bow ; ' Tomb Raider ' Kicks Off -- International Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved March 11 , 2018 . Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider ' Opens with $12.3 Million on first day in China '' . Variety . Penske Business Media . Retrieved April 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Tomb Raider ( 2018 ) - International Box Office Results '' . Box Office Mojo . IMDb . Retrieved April 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Tomb Raider ( 2018 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved April 26 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` 46 Video Game Movies Ranked by Tomatometer '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved April 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Tomb Raider Reviews '' . Metacritic . CBS Interactive . Retrieved March 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Phillips , Michael ( March 14 , 2018 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider ' review : Alicia Vikander is a craftier Croft but vanishes in second half of movie '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved March 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ McCarthy , Todd ( March 14 , 2018 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider ' : Film Review '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved March 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Bobkin , Matt ( March 14 , 2018 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider review '' . Exclaim ! . Retrieved March 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Gleiberman , Owen ( March 14 , 2018 ) . `` Film Review : ' Tomb Raider ' '' . Variety . Penske Business Media . Retrieved April 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Zoller Seitz , Matt ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` Tomb Raider Movie Review and Summary '' . RogerEbert.com . Ebert Digital LLC . Retrieved April 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Krupa , Daniel ( September 9 , 2015 ) . `` Just Cause Movie Will Take Cues from Just Cause 3 '' . IGN . Retrieved April 6 , 2018 . External links ( edit ) Official website Tomb Raider on IMDb Tomb Raider at Rotten Tomatoes Tomb Raider Lara Croft Video games Main titles First series Tomb Raider ( 1996 ) II III The Last Revelation Chronicles The Angel of Darkness Second series Legend Anniversary Underworld Third series Tomb Raider ( 2013 ) Rise of the Tomb Raider Spin - offs Handheld series Tomb Raider ( GBC ) Curse of the Sword The Prophecy Lara Croft series Guardian of Light Temple of Osiris Relic Run Go Films Lara Croft : Tomb Raider Lara Croft : Tomb Raider -- The Cradle of Life Tomb Raider Other media Revisioned : Tomb Raider Tomb Raider ( comic ) Tomb Raider Collectible Card Game Corporate Square Enix Square Enix Europe Crystal Dynamics Eidos Montréal Square Enix Montreal Core Design Related List of media Toby Gard Book Films directed by Roar Uthaug Cold Prey ( 2006 ) Magic Silver ( 2009 ) Escape ( 2012 ) The Wave ( 2015 ) Tomb Raider ( 2018 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomb_Raider_(film)&oldid=838487817 '' Categories : 2018 films English - language films 2010s action thriller films 2010s adventure films 2018 3D films British films British 3D films American films American 3D films British action thriller films British coming - of - age films American action thriller films American action adventure films American coming - of - age films Films directed by Roar Uthaug Films scored by Junkie XL Films set in London Films set in Hong Kong Films set in Japan Films set on islands Films set on oceans Films shot in London Films shot in England Films shot in South Africa IMAX films Live - action films based on video games Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer films Reboot films Tomb Raider films Works based on Square Enix video games Warner Bros. films Hidden categories : CS1 German - language sources ( de ) Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2018 All articles containing potentially dated statements Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Tagalog ไทย Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 19 more Edit links This page was last edited on 27 April 2018 , at 10 : 14 . 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Question: who is the cast of the new tomb raider movie


Vertebrate - wikipedia Vertebrate Jump to : navigation , search Vertebrate Temporal range : Cambrian -- Present , 520 -- 0 Ma PreЄ Є O Pg Individual organisms from each major vertebrate group . Clockwise , starting from top left : Fire salamander ( Amphibia ) , saltwater crocodile ( Reptilia ) , southern cassowary ( Aves ) , black - and - rufous giant elephant shrew ( Mammalia ) , ocean sunfish ( Osteichthyes ) Scientific classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Clade : Craniata Subphylum : Vertebrata J-B . Lamarck , 1801 Simplified grouping ( see text ) Fishes ( cladistically including the Tetrapods ) Synonyms Ossea Batsch , 1788 Vertebrates / ˈvɜːrtɪbrɪts / comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata / - eɪ / ( chordates with backbones ) . Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata , with currently about 66,000 species described . Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates , which include the cartilaginous fish ( sharks , rays , and ratfish ) and the bony fish . A bony fish clade known as the lobe - finned fishes is included with tetrapods , which are further divided into amphibians , reptiles , mammals , and birds . Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species Paedophryne amauensis , at as little as 7.7 mm ( 0.30 in ) , to the blue whale , at up to 33 m ( 108 ft ) . Vertebrates make up less than five percent of all described animal species ; the rest are invertebrates , which lack vertebral columns . The vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish , which do not have proper vertebrae due to their loss in evolution , though their closest living relatives , the lampreys , do . Hagfish do , however , possess a cranium . For this reason , the vertebrate subphylum is sometimes referred to as `` Craniata '' when discussing morphology . Molecular analysis since 1992 has suggested that hagfish are most closely related to lampreys , and so also are vertebrates in a monophyletic sense . Others consider them a sister group of vertebrates in the common taxon of craniata . Contents ( hide ) 1 Etymology 2 Anatomy and morphology 2.1 Vertebral column 2.2 Gills 2.3 Central nervous system 3 Evolutionary history 3.1 First vertebrates 3.2 From fish to amphibians 3.3 Mesozoic vertebrates 3.4 After the Mesozoic 4 Classification 4.1 Traditional classification 4.2 Phylogenetic relationships 5 Number of extant species 5.1 Vertebrate species databases 6 Reproductive systems 6.1 Inbreeding 6.1. 1 Inbreeding avoidance 6.2 Outcrossing 6.3 Parthenogenesis 6.4 Self - fertilization 7 See also 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External links Etymology ( edit ) The word origin of vertebrate derives from the Latin word vertebratus ( Pliny ) , meaning joint of the spine . The Proto - Indo - European language origins are still unclear . Vertebrate is derived from the word vertebra , which refers to any of the bones or segments of the spinal column . Anatomy and morphology ( edit ) See also : Vertebrate anatomy All vertebrates are built along the basic chordate body plan : a stiff rod running through the length of the animal ( vertebral column and / or notochord ) , with a hollow tube of nervous tissue ( the spinal cord ) above it and the gastrointestinal tract below . In all vertebrates , the mouth is found at , or right below , the anterior end of the animal , while the anus opens to the exterior before the end of the body . The remaining part of the body continuing after the anus forms a tail with vertebrae and spinal cord , but no gut . Vertebral column ( edit ) The defining characteristic of a vertebrate is the vertebral column , in which the notochord ( a stiff rod of uniform composition ) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of stiffer elements ( vertebrae ) separated by mobile joints ( intervertebral discs , derived embryonically and evolutionarily from the notochord ) . However , a few vertebrates have secondarily lost this anatomy , retaining the notochord into adulthood , such as the sturgeon and coelacanth . Jawed vertebrates are typified by paired appendages ( fins or legs , which may be secondarily lost ) , but this trait is not required in order for an animal to be a vertebrate . Fossilized skeleton of Diplodocus carnegii , showing an extreme example of the backbone that characterizes the vertebrates . Gills ( edit ) Gill arches bearing gills in a pike All basal vertebrates breathe with gills . The gills are carried right behind the head , bordering the posterior margins of a series of openings from the pharynx to the exterior . Each gill is supported by a cartilagenous or bony gill arch . The bony fish have three pairs of arches , cartilaginous fish have five to seven pairs , while the primitive jawless fish have seven . The vertebrate ancestor no doubt had more arches than this , as some of their chordate relatives have more than 50 pairs of gills . In amphibians and some primitive bony fishes , the larvae bear external gills , branching off from the gill arches . These are reduced in adulthood , their function taken over by the gills proper in fishes and by lungs in most amphibians . Some amphibians retain the external larval gills in adulthood , the complex internal gill system as seen in fish apparently being irrevocably lost very early in the evolution of tetrapods . While the more derived vertebrates lack gills , the gill arches form during fetal development , and form the basis of essential structures such as jaws , the thyroid gland , the larynx , the columella ( corresponding to the stapes in mammals ) and , in mammals , the malleus and incus . Central nervous system ( edit ) The central nervous system of vertebrates is based on a hollow nerve cord running along the length of the animal . Of particular importance and unique to vertebrates is the presence of neural crest cells . These are progenitors of stem cells , and critical to coordinating the functions of cellular components . Neural crest cells migrate through the body from the nerve cord during development , and initiate the formation of neural ganglia and structures such as the jaws and skull . The vertebrates are the only chordate group to exhibit cephalisation , the concentration of brain functions in the head . A slight swelling of the anterior end of the nerve cord is found in the lancelet , a chordate , though it lacks the eyes and other complex sense organs comparable to those of vertebrates . Other chordates do not show any trends towards cephalisation . A peripheral nervous system branches out from the nerve cord to innervate the various systems . The front end of the nerve tube is expanded by a thickening of the walls and expansion of the central canal of spinal cord into three primary brain vesicles : The prosencephalon ( forebrain ) , mesencephalon ( midbrain ) and rhombencephalon ( hindbrain ) , further differentiated in the various vertebrate groups . Two laterally placed eyes form around outgrowths from the midbrain , except in hagfish , though this may be a secondary loss . The forebrain is well developed and subdivided in most tetrapods , while the midbrain dominates in many fish and some salamanders . Vesicles of the forebrain are usually paired , giving rise to hemispheres like the cerebral hemispheres in mammals . The resulting anatomy of the central nervous system , with a single hollow nerve cord topped by a series of ( often paired ) vesicles , is unique to vertebrates . All invertebrates with well - developed brains , such as insects , spiders and squids , have a ventral rather than dorsal system of ganglions , with a split brain stem running on each side of the mouth or gut . Evolutionary history ( edit ) See also : Evolution of fish and Evolution of tetrapods First vertebrates ( edit ) The early vertebrate Haikouichthys Vertebrates originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion , which saw the rise in organism diversity . The earliest known vertebrate is believed to be the Myllokunmingia . Another early vertebrate is Haikouichthys ercaicunensis . Unlike the other fauna that dominated the Cambrian , these groups had the basic vertebrate body plan : a notochord , rudimentary vertebrae , and a well - defined head and tail . All of these early vertebrates lacked jaws in the common sense and relied on filter feeding close to the seabed . A vertebrate group of uncertain phylogeny , small - eel - like conodonts , are known from microfossils of their paired tooth segments from the late Cambrian to the end of the Triassic . From fish to amphibians ( edit ) Acanthostega , a fish - like early labyrinthodont . The first jawed vertebrates appeared in the latest Ordovician and became common in the Devonian , often known as the `` Age of Fishes '' . The two groups of bony fishes , the actinopterygii and sarcopterygii , evolved and became common . The Devonian also saw the demise of virtually all jawless fishes , save for lampreys and hagfish , as well as the Placodermi , a group of armoured fish that dominated the entirety of that period since the late Silurian . The Devonian also saw the rise of the first labyrinthodonts , which was a transitional form between fishes and amphibians . Mesozoic vertebrates ( edit ) Amniotes branched from labyrinthodonts in the subsequent Carboniferous period . The Parareptilia and synapsid amniotes were common during the late Paleozoic , while diapsids became dominant during the Mesozoic . In the sea , the bony fishes became dominant ; the birds , a derived form of dinosaurs , evolved in the Jurassic . The demise of the non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous allowed for the expansion of mammals , which had evolved from the therapsids , a group of synapsid amniotes , during the late Triassic Period . After the Mesozoic ( edit ) The Cenozoic world has seen great diversification of bony fishes , frogs , birds and mammals . Over half of all living vertebrate species ( about 32,000 species ) are fish ( non-tetrapod craniates ) , a diverse set of lineages that inhabit all the world 's aquatic ecosystems , from snow minnows ( Cypriniformes ) in Himalayan lakes at elevations over 4,600 metres ( 15,100 feet ) to flatfishes ( order Pleuronectiformes ) in the Challenger Deep , the deepest ocean trench at about 11,000 metres ( 36,000 feet ) . Fishes of myriad varieties are the main predators in most of the world 's water bodies , both freshwater and marine . The rest of the vertebrate species are tetrapods , a single lineage that includes amphibians ( with roughly 7,000 species ) ; mammals ( with approximately 5,500 species ) ; and reptiles and birds ( with about 20,000 species divided evenly between the two classes ) . Tetrapods comprise the dominant megafauna of most terrestrial environments and also include many partially or fully aquatic groups ( e.g. , sea snakes , penguins , cetaceans ) . Classification ( edit ) There are several ways of classifying animals . Evolutionary systematics relies on anatomy , physiology and evolutionary history , which is determined through similarities in anatomy and , if possible , the genetics of organisms . Phylogenetic classification is based solely on phylogeny . Evolutionary systematics gives an overview ; phylogenetic systematics gives detail . The two systems are thus complementary rather than opposed . Traditional classification ( edit ) Traditional spindle diagram of the evolution of the vertebrates at class level Conventional classification has living vertebrates grouped into seven classes based on traditional interpretations of gross anatomical and physiological traits . This classification is the one most commonly encountered in school textbooks , overviews , non-specialist , and popular works . The extant vertebrates are : Subphylum Vertebrata Class Agnatha ( jawless fishes ) Class Chondrichthyes ( cartilaginous fishes ) Class Osteichthyes ( bony fishes ) Class Amphibia ( amphibians ) Class Reptilia ( reptiles ) Class Aves ( birds ) Class Mammalia ( mammals ) In addition to these , there are two classes of extinct armoured fishes , the Placodermi and the Acanthodii . Other ways of classifying the vertebrates have been devised , particularly with emphasis on the phylogeny of early amphibians and reptiles . An example based on Janvier ( 1981 , 1997 ) , Shu et al. ( 2003 ) , and Benton ( 2004 ) is given here : Subphylum Vertebrata Palaeospondylus Superclass Agnatha or Cephalaspidomorphi ( lampreys and other jawless fishes ) Infraphylum Gnathostomata ( vertebrates with jaws ) Class † Placodermi ( extinct armoured fishes ) Class Chondrichthyes ( cartilaginous fishes ) Class † Acanthodii ( extinct spiny `` sharks '' ) Superclass Osteichthyes ( bony vertebrates ) Class Actinopterygii ( ray - finned bony fishes ) Class Sarcopterygii ( lobe - finned fishes , including the tetrapods ) Class Amphibia ( amphibians , some ancestral to the amniotes ) - now a paraphyletic group Class Synapsida ( mammals and the extinct mammal - like reptiles ) Class Sauropsida ( reptiles and birds ) While this traditional classification is orderly , most of the groups are paraphyletic , i.e. do not contain all descendants of the class 's common ancestor . For instance , descendants of the first reptiles include modern reptiles , as well as mammals and birds . Most of the classes listed are not `` complete '' ( and are therefore paraphyletic ) taxa , meaning they do not include all the descendants of the first representative of the group . For example , the agnathans have given rise to the jawed vertebrates ; the bony fishes have given rise to the land vertebrates ; the traditional `` amphibians '' have given rise to the reptiles ( traditionally including the synapsids , or mammal - like `` reptiles '' ) , which in turn have given rise to the mammals and birds . Most scientists working with vertebrates use a classification based purely on phylogeny , organized by their known evolutionary history and sometimes disregarding the conventional interpretations of their anatomy and physiology . Phylogenetic relationships ( edit ) In phylogenetic taxonomy , the relationships between animals are not typically divided into ranks , but illustrated as a nested `` family tree '' known as a cladogram . Phylogenetic groups are given definitions based on their relationship to one another , rather than purely on physical traits , such as the presence of a backbone . This nesting pattern is often combined with traditional taxonomy ( as above ) , in a practice known as evolutionary taxonomy . The cladogram presented below is based on studies compiled by Philippe Janvier and others for the Tree of Life Web Project . Vertebrata Hyperoartia ( lampreys ) ? † Euconodonta unnamed † Pteraspidomorphi ? † Thelodonti unnamed ? † Anaspida unnamed † Galeaspida unnamed ? † Pituriaspida † Osteostraci Gnathostomata † Placodermi ( armoured fishes ) unnamed Acanthodians , incl . Chondrichthyes ( cartilaginous fishes ) Euteleostomi Actinopterygii ( ray - finned fishes ) Sarcopterygii ( lobe - finned fish ) ? † Onychodontiformes Actinistia ( coelacanths ) unnamed † Porolepiformes Dipnoi ( lungfishes ) unnamed † Rhizodontimorpha † Tristichopteridae Tetrapoda Number of extant species ( edit ) The number of described vertebrate species are split evenly between tetrapods and fish . The following table lists the number of described extant species for each vertebrate class as estimated in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , 2014.3 . Vertebrate groups Image Class Estimated number of described species Group totals Anamniote lack amniotic membrane so need to reproduce in water Jawless Fish Myxini ( hagfish ) 32,900 Hyperoartia ( lamprey ) Jawed cartilaginous fish ray - finned fish lobe - finned fish Tetrapods amphibians 7,302 33,278 Amniote have amniotic membrane adapted to reproducing on land reptiles 10,711 birds 10,425 mammals 5,513 Total described species 66,178 The IUCN estimates that 1,305,075 extant invertebrate species have been described , which means that less than 5 % of the described animal species in the world are vertebrates . Vertebrate species databases ( edit ) The following databases maintain ( more or less ) up - to - date lists of vertebrate species : Fish : Fishbase Amphibians : Amphibiaweb Reptiles : Reptile Database Birds : Avibase Mammals : Mammal species of the World Reproductive systems ( edit ) Nearly all vertebrates undergo sexual reproduction . They produce haploid gametes by meiosis . The smaller , motile gametes are spermatozoa and the larger , non-motile gametes are ova . These fuse by the process of fertilisation to form diploid zygotes , which develop into new individuals . Inbreeding ( edit ) During sexual reproduction , mating with a close relative ( inbreeding ) often leads to inbreeding depression . Inbreeding depression is considered to be largely due to expression of deleterious recessive mutations . The effects of inbreeding have been studied in many vertebrate species . In several species of fish , inbreeding was found to decrease reproductive success . Inbreeding was observed to increase juvenile mortality in 11 small animal species . A common breeding practice for pet dogs is mating between close relatives ( e.g. between half - and full siblings ) . This practice generally has a negative effect on measures of reproductive success , including decreased litter size and puppy survival . Incestuous matings in birds result in severe fitness costs due to inbreeding depression ( e.g. reduction in hatchability of eggs and reduced progeny survival ) . Inbreeding avoidance ( edit ) As a result of the negative fitness consequences of inbreeding , vertebrate species have evolved mechanisms to avoid inbreeding . Numerous inbreeding avoidance mechanisms operating prior to mating have been described . Toads and many other amphibians display breeding site fidelity . Individuals that return to natal ponds to breed will likely encounter siblings as potential mates . Although incest is possible , Bufo americanus siblings rarely mate . These toads likely recognize and actively avoid close kins as mates . Advertisement vocalizations by males appear to serve as cues by which females recognize their kin . Inbreeding avoidance mechanisms can also operate subsequent to copulation . In guppies , a post-copulatory mechanism of inbreeding avoidance occurs based on competition between sperm of rival males for achieving fertilization . In competitions between sperm from an unrelated male and from a full sibling male , a significant bias in paternity towards the unrelated male was observed . When female sand lizards mate with two or more males , sperm competition within the female 's reproductive tract may occur . Active selection of sperm by females appears to occur in a manner that enhances female fitness . On the basis of this selective process , the sperm of males that are more distantly related to the female are preferentially used for fertilization , rather than the sperm of close relatives . This preference may enhance the fitness of progeny by reducing inbreeding depression . Outcrossing ( edit ) Mating with unrelated or distantly related members of the same species is generally thought to provide the advantage of masking deleterious recessive mutations in progeny ( and see Heterosis ) . Vertebrates have evolved numerous diverse mechanisms for avoiding close inbreeding and promoting outcrossing ( and see Inbreeding avoidance ) . Outcrossing as a way of avoiding inbreeding depression , has been especially well studied in birds . For instance , inbreeding depression occurs in the great tit when the offspring are produced as a result of a mating between close relatives . In natural populations of the great tit ( Parus major ) , inbreeding is avoided by dispersal of individuals from their birthplace , which reduces the chance of mating with a close relative . The purple - crowned fairywren females paired with related males may undertake extra-pair matings that can reduce the negative effects of inbreeding . However , there are ecological and demographic constraints on extra pair matings . Nevertheless , 46 % of broods produced by incestuously paired females contained extra-pair young . Southern pied babblers ( Turdoides bicolor ) appear to avoid inbreeding in two ways . The first is through dispersal , and the second is by avoiding familiar group members as mates . Although both males and females disperse locally , they move outside the range where genetically related individuals are likely to be encountered . Within their group , individuals only acquire breeding positions when the opposite - sex breeder is unrelated . Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring , usually males , delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin . Female offspring rarely stay at home , dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently , or to join unrelated groups . Parthenogenesis ( edit ) Parthenogenesis is a natural form of reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization . Reproduction in squamate reptiles is ordinarily sexual , with males having a ZZ pair of sex determining chromosomes , and females a ZW pair . However , various species , including the Colombian Rainbow boa ( Epicrates maurus ) , Agkistrodon contortrix ( copperhead snake ) and Agkistrodon piscivorus ( cotton mouth snake ) can also reproduce by facultative parthenogenesis - that is , they are capable of switching from a sexual mode of reproduction to an asexual mode - resulting in production of WW female progeny . The WW females are likely produced by terminal automixis . Mole salamanders are an ancient ( 2.4 - 3.8 million year - old ) unisexual vertebrate lineage . In the polyploid unisexual mole salamander females , a premeiotic endomitotic event doubles the number of chromosomes . As a result , the mature eggs produced subsequent to the two meiotic divisions have the same ploidy as the somatic cells of the female salamander . Synapsis and recombination during meiotic prophase I in these unisexual females is thought to ordinarily occur between identical sister chromosomes and occasionally between homologous chromosomes . Thus little , if any , genetic variation is produced . Recombination between homeologous chromosomes occurs only rarely , if at all . Since production of genetic variation is weak , at best , it is unlikely to provide a benefit sufficient to account for the long - term maintenance of meiosis in these organisms . However , meiosis may have been maintained during evolution by the efficient recombinational repair of DNA damages that meiosis provides , an advantage that could be realized at each generation . Self - fertilization ( edit ) The mangrove killifish ( Kryptolebias marmoratus ) produces both eggs and sperm by meiosis and routinely reproduces by self - fertilisation . The capacity for selfing in these fishes has apparently persisted for at least several hundred thousand years . Each individual hermaphrodite normally fertilizes itself when an egg and sperm that it has produced by an internal organ unite inside the fish 's body . In nature , this mode of reproduction can yield highly homozygous lines composed of individuals so genetically uniform as to be , in effect , identical to one another . Although inbreeding , especially in the extreme form of self - fertilization , is ordinarily regarded as detrimental because it leads to expression of deleterious recessive alleles , self - fertilization does provide the benefit of fertilization assurance ( reproductive assurance ) at each generation . 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Jump up ^ Booth , W. ; Million , L. ; Reynolds , R.G. ; Burghardt , G.M. ; Vargo , E.L. ; Schal , C. ; Tzika , A.C. ; Schuett , G.W. ( 2011 ) . `` Consecutive virgin births in the new world boid snake , the Colombian rainbow Boa , Epicrates maurus '' . J. Hered. 102 ( 6 ) : 759 -- 63 . doi : 10.1093 / jhered / esr080 . PMID 21868391 . Jump up ^ Bogart , J.P. ; Bi , K. ; Fu , J. ; Noble , D.W. ; Niedzwiecki , J. ( February 2007 ) . `` Unisexual salamanders ( genus Ambystoma ) present a new reproductive mode for eukaryotes '' . Genome. 50 ( 2 ) : 119 -- 36 . doi : 10.1139 / g06 - 152 . PMID 17546077 . Jump up ^ Bi , K , ; Bogart , J.P. ( April 2010 ) . `` Probing the meiotic mechanism of intergenomic exchanges by genomic in situ hybridization on lampbrush chromosomes of unisexual Ambystoma ( Amphibia : Caudata ) '' . Chromosome Res. 18 ( 3 ) : 371 -- 82 . doi : 10.1007 / s10577 - 010 - 9121 - 3 . PMID 20358399 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Bernstein , H. ; Bernstein , C. ; Michod , R.W. ( 2011 ) . Meiosis as an Evolutionary Adaptation for DNA Repair . Chapter 19 pages 357 - 382 in `` DNA Repair '' ( Inna Kruman editor ) . InTech Open Publisher . DOI : 10.5772 / 25117 ISBN 978 - 953 - 307 - 697 - 3 http://www.intechopen.com/books/dna-repair/meiosis-as-an-evolutionary-adaptation-for-dna-repair Jump up ^ Tatarenkov , A. ; Lima , S.M. ; Taylor , D.S. ; Avise , J.C. ( 25 August 2009 ) . `` Long - term retention of self - fertilization in a fish clade '' . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 ( 34 ) : 14456 -- 9 . doi : 10.1073 / pnas. 0907852106 . PMC 2732792 . PMID 19706532 . Jump up ^ `` Gonadal morphology in the self - fertilizing mangrove killifish , Kryptolebias marmoratus '' . Ichthyological Research . 53 : 427 -- 430 . doi : 10.1007 / s10228 - 006 - 0362 - 2 . ^ Jump up to : Avise , J.C. ; Tatarenkov , A. ( 13 November 2012 ) . `` Allard 's argument versus Baker 's contention for the adaptive significance of selfing in a hermaphroditic fish '' . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109 ( 46 ) : 18862 -- 7 . doi : 10.1073 / pnas. 1217202109 . PMC 3503157 . PMID 23112206 . Jump up ^ Earley , R.L. ; Hanninen , A.F. ; Fuller , A. ; Garcia , M.J. ; Lee , E.A. ( 2012 ) . `` Phenotypic plasticity and integration in the mangrove rivulus ( Kryptolebias marmoratus ) : a prospectus '' . Integr . Comp. Biol. 52 ( 6 ) : 814 -- 27 . doi : 10.1093 / icb / ics118 . PMC 3501102 . PMID 22990587 . Bibliography ( edit ) Kardong , Kenneth V. ( 1998 ) . Vertebrates : Comparative Anatomy , Function , Evolution ( second ed . ) . USA : McGraw - Hill . pp. 747 pp. ISBN 0 - 697 - 28654 - 1 . `` Vertebrata '' . Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 6 August 2007 . External links ( edit ) Wikispecies has information related to Vertebrata Tree of Life Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates Vertebrate Pests chapter in United States Environmental Protection Agency and University of Florida / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences National Public Health Pesticide Applicator Training Manual The Vertebrates The Origin of Vertebrates Marc W. Kirschner , iBioSeminars , 2008 . Extant Animal phyla Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota ( Supergroup Plant Hacrobia Heterokont Alveolata Rhizaria Excavata Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Animal Fungi ) n i m l i Porifera ( sponges ) Diploblasts ( Eumetazoa ) Ctenophora ( comb jellies ) ParaHoxozoa Placozoa ( Trichoplax ) Planulozoa Cnidaria ( jellyfish and relatives ) Bilateria ( Triploblasts ) ( see below ↓ ) ( hide ) Bilateria Xenacoelomorpha Xenoturbellida ( Xenoturbella ) Acoelomorpha acoels nemertodermatids p h r o z o Deuterostomia Chordata lancelets tunicates craniates / vertebrates Ambulacraria Echinodermata ( starfish and relatives ) Hemichordata acorn worms pterobranchs r o o s o m i Ecdysozoa Scalidophora Kinorhyncha ( mud dragons ) Priapulida ( penis worms ) N + L + P Nematoida Nematoda ( roundworms ) Nematomorpha ( horsehair worms ) L + P Loricifera Panarthropoda Arthropoda ( arthropods ) Tardigrada ( waterbears ) Onychophora ( velvet worms ) p i r l i Gnathifera 1 Chaetognatha ( arrow worms ) Gnathostomulida ( jaw worms ) Micrognathozoa ( Limnognathia ) Syndermata Rotifera Acanthocephala Platytrochozoa R + M Mesozoa Orthonectida Dicyemida or Rhombozoa Rouphozoa 1 Platyhelminthes ( flatworms ) Gastrotricha ( hairybacks ) Lophotrochozoa Cycliophora ( Symbion ) Mollusca ( molluscs ) A + N Annelida ( ringed worms ) Nemertea ( ribbon worms ) Lophophorata Bryozoa Entoprocta or Kamptozoa Ectoprocta ( moss animals ) Brachiozoa Brachiopoda ( lamp shells ) Phoronida ( horseshoe worms ) Major groups within phyla Sponges Calcareous Hexactinellid Demosponge Homoscleromorpha Cnidarians Anthozoa inc . corals Medusozoa inc . jellyfish Myxozoa Vertebrates Jawless fish Cartilaginous fish Bony fish Amphibians Reptiles / Birds Mammals Echinoderms Sea lilies Asterozoa inc . starfish Echinozoa Nematodes Chromadorea Enoplea Secernentea Arthropods Chelicerates / Arachnids Myriapods Crustaceans Hexapods / Insects Platyhelminths Turbellaria Trematoda Monogenea Cestoda Bryozoans Phylactolaemata Stenolaemata Gymnolaemata Annelids Polychaetes Clitellata Echiura Molluscs Gastropods Cephalopods Bivalves Chitons Tusk shells Phyla with ≥ 5000 extant species bolded See also Diploblasts Monoblastozoa ( nomen dubium ) 1 Platyzoa Extant chordate classes Kingdom Animalia ( unranked ) Bilateria Superphylum Deuterostomia Cephalochordata Leptocardii ( lancelets ) O l f o r s Urochordata ( tunicates ) Ascidiacea ( sea squirts ) Appendicularia ( larvaceans ) Thaliacea ( pyrosomes , salps , doliolids ) Craniata ( Vertebrates + Myxini ) ( fish + Tetrapods ) Agnatha ( jawless fish ) Cyclostomata Myxini ( hagfish ) Hyperoartia ( lampreys ) Gnathostomata ( jawed vertebrates ) Chondrichthyes ( cartilaginous fish : sharks , rays , chimaeras ) Osteichthyes ( bony fish ) Actinopterygii ( ray - finned fish ) Sarcopterygii ( lobe - finned fish ) Actinistia ( coelacanths ) 1 h i p i d i s i Dipnoi ( lungfish ) 1 r p o d Amphibia ( amphibians ) m n i o Synapsida Mammalia ( mammals ) Sauropsida ( withal Diapsida ) Lepidosauria Rhynchocephalia ( tuatara ) 2 Squamata ( scaled reptiles ) 2 Archelosauria Testudines ( turtles ) 2 3 Archosauria Crocodilia ( crocodilians ) 2 Aves ( birds ) 1subclasses of Sarcopterygii 2orders of class Reptilia ( reptiles ) 3traditionally placed in Anapsida italic are paraphyletic groups Animals portal Taxon identifiers Wd : Q25241 ADW : Vertebrata EoL : 2774383 EPPO : 1VERTQ Fauna Europaea : 16752 Fossilworks : 67149 IRMNG : 11905117 ITIS : 331030 NCBI : 7742 WoRMS : 146419 GND : 4066376 - 0 BNF : cb11974791b ( data ) NDL : 00570592 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vertebrate&oldid=838203616 '' Categories : Vertebrates Terreneuvian first appearances Extant Cambrian first appearances Hidden categories : CS1 German - language sources ( de ) CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Use dmy dates from August 2013 Articles with ' species ' microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikispecies Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Ænglisc Aragonés অসমীয়া Asturianu Avañe'ẽ Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - 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Question: what was the first kind of vertebrate to exist on earth