Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas - wikipedia Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas Jump to : navigation , search Oakland -- Alameda Coliseum before a football game . The Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas was a successful effort by the owner of the Oakland Raiders ( Mark Davis ) to relocate the American football club from its current and longtime home of Oakland , California to Las Vegas , Nevada . The team is scheduled to begin play as the Las Vegas Raiders for the 2020 National Football League ( NFL ) season ( although a move to Las Vegas could happen as soon as 2019 with Sam Boyd Stadium ) , playing home games at the Las Vegas Stadium . NFL team owners voted 31 -- 1 to approve the move , which was announced at the annual league meetings in Phoenix , Arizona on March 27 , 2017 . The Raiders became the third NFL franchise to relocate in the 2010s , following the Rams ' move from St. Louis , Missouri to Los Angeles , California on January 12 , 2016 , and the Chargers ' move from San Diego , California to Los Angeles on January 12 , 2017 . The Raiders ' move to Las Vegas comes after years of failed efforts to renovate or replace the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum , which has been rated by multiple sources as one of the worst stadiums in the NFL . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 The hunt for a home 2.1 2011 : Levi 's Stadium 2.2 2012 − 2013 : Coliseum City 2.3 2013 : Concord , California 2.4 2014 : San Antonio , Texas 2.5 2015 : Raiders attempt to put together a project with Athletics 2.6 2015 : Los Angeles project and losing to the Rams 3 2016 − 2017 : Negotiations to move to Las Vegas and last Oakland stadium effort 3.1 2016 3.2 2017 4 Relocation to Las Vegas 4.1 2018 5 Popular culture 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Background ( edit ) The Oakland Raiders were founded as a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) in 1960 . The team joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970 . From 1966 until 1981 , it played home games at the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum , which it shared with Major League Baseball 's Oakland Athletics after that team moved to Oakland in 1968 . In 1980 Al Davis , dissatisfied with the stadium situation in Oakland and seeing luxury boxes as the future of the NFL came to an agreement with the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum commission to move the Raiders to Los Angeles . The NFL had refused to let the team move , but a court over-ruled the league , clearing the way for the Raiders to move to Los Angeles and become the Los Angeles Raiders . In 1982 , the Raiders ( then owned by Al Davis ) were approved to relocate from Oakland to Los Angeles . The Raiders played home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 1982 -- 1994 . In 1995 , after being unable to secure a new stadium in the Los Angeles area and after a proposed move to Sacramento that involved Davis taking ownership of the Sacramento Kings fell apart the Raiders moved back to Oakland . Meanwhile , Las Vegas had been home to a number of other professional football franchises between 1994 and the Raiders ' arrival , none of which were particularly successful . The Las Vegas Posse , part of the Canadian Football League 's effort to enter the U.S. market , lasted one season in 1994 and suffered from poor on - field product and worse attendance figures . The XFL included the Las Vegas Outlaws in its lone 2001 season ; its attendance and on - field performance were respectable , and the team embraced the city 's culture , but the Outlaws ' modest success was overshadowed by the failure of the XFL . The Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League were a major on - field success and were one of the UFL 's best teams ; it nonetheless suffered from poor attendance to start that continued to decline throughout the league 's existence to the point that its last home game drew only 600 fans . The Arena Football League included three teams in Las Vegas over the course of its history : the Las Vegas Sting ( 1994 and 1995 ) , Las Vegas Gladiators ( 2003 to 2007 , now the Cleveland Gladiators ) , and another Las Vegas Outlaws ( 2015 ) . The Las Vegas Sin of the Lingerie Football League ( now the Legends Football League ) played in the city from 2011 to 2014 . The hunt for a home ( edit ) Raiders owner Mark Davis Recent efforts to either renovate or replace the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum with a new football stadium in Oakland or elsewhere date back to November 18 , 2009 . In 2011 , Al Davis died and control of the team was assumed by his son Mark Davis who made finding a solution to the 3 decade long stadium problem a top priority . The Raiders were free to move after the 2013 NFL season , when its lease on the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum expired . While exploring possible solutions in the Bay Area and potential relocation candidates , the Raiders signed one - year extensions of its lease on the Coliseum . 2011 : Levi 's stadium ( edit ) There had been discussions for the Raiders to share Levi 's Stadium in Santa Clara , California with the San Francisco 49ers . However , the 49ers went ahead without the Raiders and broke ground on the $1.2 billion stadium on April 19 , 2012 and afterwards sold $670 million worth of seats including 70 % of club and luxury suites , making it more unlikely that the Raiders would continue to explore the idea of sharing the stadium as they would then be secondary tenants with little to no commercial rights over the highly lucrative luxury suites . Mark Davis further increased the unlikelihood of the Raiders and the 49ers to share Levi 's stadium when he told NFL Network reporter Ian Rapoport that he had no plans to share the stadium but that he did recognize the Raiders ' need for a new home and that he hoped the new home would be in Oakland . When Levi 's Stadium had its grand opening on July 17 , 2014 , NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell mentioned to the live crowd that it would make a great home for the Raiders and that it was up for the team to decide whether or not it wanted to play there or build a stadium on the site of the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum . 2012 − 2013 : Coliseum city ( edit ) On March 7 , 2012 , then - mayor Jean Quan unveiled an ambitious project to the media that was designed to improve the sports facilities of all three major league sports teams in the city ( the Raiders , Major League Baseball ( MLB ) 's Athletics and the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's Golden State Warriors ) , as well as attract new businesses to the city . The project , dubbed Coliseum City , had entailed the redevelopment of the existing Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum complex . The redevelopment would have seen the construction of two new stadiums on the present location , a baseball - only stadium and a football - only stadium , while Oracle Arena , home of the Warriors , would have been either rebuilt or undergone extensive renovations . A sum of $3.5 million was committed to preliminary planning on the project . However , no officials from either of Oakland 's major league teams were present at the media conference . According to the San Francisco Business Times , Oakland 's assistant city administrator Fred Blackwell said the Bay Investment Group LLC , an entity being formed by Colony Capital LLC , Rashid Al Malik ( chairman and CEO of HayaH Holdings ) , and the city , had numerous details to continue working out for the prospective $2 billion Coliseum City project , which covered 800 acres surrounding the Oakland -- Alameda Coliseum Complex . The development team also included JRDV Urban International , HKS Architects , and Forest City Real Estate Services . In an ideal situation , construction could have started by the end of 2014 . Meanwhile , the Warriors began to go forward with plans to build a new arena at Mission Bay , not far from AT&T Park , and move back across the Bay from Oakland to San Francisco as soon as 2019 . 2013 : Concord , California ( edit ) The abandoned Concord Naval Weapons Station , 26.6 miles from Oakland , was announced in 2013 as a possible location for a new stadium but developments failed to materialize . 2014 : San Antonio , Texas ( edit ) In July 2014 , San Antonio , Texas , emerged as a potential relocation candidate for the team , after Raiders owner Mark Davis visited an event hosted for former Raiders wide receiver Cliff Branch in the city . San Antonio , while it was in a smaller media market than the San Francisco Bay Area , had the advantage of having a relatively new and NFL - ready stadium in the Alamodome and less sporting competition . On July 29 , 2014 , it was reported by the San Antonio Express - News that Mark Davis met with officials from the city of San Antonio to discuss the possibility of relocating the Raiders to San Antonio after the 2014 -- 15 NFL season . Davis confirmed that he did speak with San Antonio city officials while visiting San Antonio to honor former Raiders wide receiver Cliff Branch 's induction into a local Hall of Fame , but did not comment on whether he was considering relocation to San Antonio . The Raiders would have played at the 65,000 - seat Alamodome until a new stadium could be built . San Antonio remained in contention as a site through at least November 2014 , when Raiders staffers scouted the stadium and began negotiating with San Antonio officials . 2015 : Raiders attempt to put together a project with Athletics ( edit ) It was reported in early 2015 that the Raiders sat down with Athletics owner Lewis Wolff in an effort to create a stadium solution where two separate stadiums ( one for the Raiders and one for the Athletics ) would have been built on the coliseum site . The Athletics balked at the deal . In an interview with J.T. the Brick on KGMZ on April 4 , 2017 , Davis revealed that he offered Wolff ( the owner of the Athletics ) 20 percent of the Raiders in an attempt to get a deal done . Davis further elaborated that the closest that the Raiders came to a deal in Oakland was in 2013 with Colony Capital , before the Athletics agreed to a 10 - year lease extension at the Coliseum with the city of Oakland . 2015 : Los Angeles project and losing to the Rams ( edit ) Main articles : National Football League in Los Angeles , Carson Stadium , Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park , and History of the Los Angeles Raiders § Attempted return to Los Angeles On February 19 , 2015 , the Raiders and the then San Diego Chargers announced that they would build a privately financed $1.78 billion stadium in Carson , California if they were to move back to the Los Angeles market . Both teams stated that they would continue to attempt to get stadiums built in their respective cities . The Carson City Council would bypass the public vote and approved the plan 3 -- 0 . The council voted without having clarified several issues , including who would finance the stadium , how the required three - way land swap would be performed , and how it would raise enough revenue if only one team moved in as tenant . On January 12 , the NFL rejected the Raiders ' relocation request in favor of a competing plan by Stan Kroenke to move the then St. Louis Rams back to Los Angeles and construct a stadium and entertainment district in Inglewood , California . However , the NFL left open the possibility of the Raiders relocating to Los Angeles by 2020 and playing in the new stadium under construction to house the Los Angeles Rams . The San Diego Chargers however had the first option to join the Rams at the new stadium , the Raiders would have been authorized to negotiate an agreement if the Chargers did not exercise their option by January 2017 . The Chargers exercised their choice and announced their relocation to Los Angeles in January 2017 , shutting the Raiders out of the Southern California market . Around this time other markets expressed interest in luring the Raiders . For example Duluth , Minnesota submitted a proposal to construct a new stadium for the team , a proposal that was not taken seriously because of the metro area 's small size , proximity to the Minnesota Vikings and unwillingness to commit money to the stadium proposal . Less than a month after the Chargers announced their move to Los Angeles , Las Vegas had emerged as the most likely destination candidate for the Raiders . 2016 − 2017 : negotiations to move to Las Vegas and last Oakland stadium effort ( edit ) Main article : Las Vegas Stadium 2015 view of the Las Vegas Stadium site , adjacent to Mandalay Bay and Interstate 15 2016 ( edit ) On January 29 , 2016 , Davis met with Las Vegas Sands owner Sheldon Adelson about possibly relocating to a $2.3 billion , 65,000 capacity domed stadium in Las Vegas , Nevada . During Davis ' meeting with Adelson , he also visited the University of Nevada , Las Vegas ( UNLV ) , which included a contingent consisting of the university 's president Len Jessup , former university president Donald Snyder , Steve Wynn , and former Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) owner Lorenzo Fertitta . The proposed stadium would replace Sam Boyd Stadium and would serve as the home of both the Raiders and the UNLV Rebels college football program . A relocation to Las Vegas would be a long - term proposal , as Sam Boyd Stadium is undersized for the NFL and there are no other professional - caliber stadiums in Nevada . Raiders officials were also in Las Vegas to tour locations in the valley for a potential new home ; they were also on the 42 - acre site of the proposed stadium to ask questions about the site . Interviewed by sports columnist Tim Kawakami of the San Jose Mercury News , Davis said that he had a `` great '' visit in the city he described it as interesting . Davis also said that Las Vegas was a global city and that `` it 's absolutely an NFL city , '' as well as saying that `` the Raider brand would do well '' and `` I think Las Vegas is coming along slowly . '' On March 21 , 2016 , when asked about Las Vegas , Davis said , `` I think the Raiders like the Las Vegas plan , '' and `` it 's a very very very intriguing and exciting plan , '' referring to the stadium plan in Las Vegas . Davis also met with Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval about the stadium plan . On April 1 , 2016 , Davis toured Sam Boyd Stadium to evaluate whether UNLV could serve as a temporary home of the team and was with UNLV football coach Tony Sanchez , athletic director Tina Kunzer - Murphy , adviser Don Snyder and school president Len Jessup to further explore the possibility of the Raiders moving to Las Vegas . On April 28 , 2016 , Davis said he wanted to move the Raiders to Las Vegas and pledged $500 million toward the construction of a proposed $2.4 billion domed stadium . `` Together we can turn the Silver State into the silver and black state , '' Davis said . At a media conference in UNLV 's Stan Fulton Building , Davis also said the club had `` made a commitment to Las Vegas at this point in time and that 's where it stands . '' In an interview with ESPN after returning from a meeting for the 2016 NFL draft he expanded upon reasons why Southern Nevada held a certain appeal over the East Bay of the Oakland -- San Francisco Bay Area , how he tried to make it work in Oakland and why ( as he told Sandoval ) he hopes to turn Nevada into the `` Silver and Black State '' ; he also spoke of the meeting saying , `` It was a positive , well - organized presentation that I believe was well - received '' , and stating , `` It was a very positive step in finding the Raiders a home . '' On May 20 , 2016 , New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft said he would support Davis and the Raiders move to Las Vegas , stating , `` I think it would be good for the NFL . '' On May 23 , 2016 , the San Francisco Chronicle and other media outlets reported that a group led by former San Francisco 49ers safety ( and Pro Football Hall of Fame member ) Ronnie Lott and retired quarterback Rodney Peete were looking into building a new Oakland stadium for the Raiders . The group met with team executives and Oakland city officials to brief them on their proposal . They also met with mayor Libby Schaaf . The Alameda County Board of Supervisors voted to begin negotiations with Lott 's group and with the city of Oakland regarding the `` price and terms of sale '' for the 120 - acre land of the Oakland Coliseum and Oracle Arena . Davis publicly reiterated his commitment to his announced plans to relocate the Raiders franchise to Las Vegas , Nevada with the support of the state of Nevada and casino mogul Sheldon Adelson , and said he did not wish to negotiate further with Oakland while the Las Vegas deal was still actively in progress ; any relocation to Las Vegas needed to be approved by a three - quarters majority of all NFL owners , and NFL commissioner Roger Goodell publicly stated his preference for keeping the Raiders franchise in Oakland if at all possible . However , it was reported that the NFL had issues with the Lott Group 's financier Fortress Investment Group due to past issues the group had . On August 11 , 2016 , Raiders ' officials met with Northern Nevada officials about the possibility of Reno being the site of a new training camp / practice facility and toured several sites including the University of Nevada , Reno , Reno area high schools , and sports complexes . On August 25 , 2016 , the Raiders filed a trademark application for `` Las Vegas Raiders '' on the same day renderings of a new stadium ( located west of Interstate 15 at Las Vegas ) were released to the public . On September 15 , 2016 , the Southern Nevada Tourism Infrastructure Committee unanimously voted to recommend and approve $750 million for the Las Vegas stadium plan . On October 11 , 2016 , the Nevada Senate voted 16 -- 5 to approve the funding bill for the Las Vegas stadium proposal . The Nevada Assembly voted 28 -- 13 three days later to approve the bill to fund the new Las Vegas stadium proposal ; two days later , Sandoval signed the funding bill into law . Davis told ESPN on October 15 , 2016 that even if the Raiders were approved by the league to relocate to the Las Vegas metropolitan area , the club would play the next two seasons at the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum in 2017 and 2018 , stating `` We want to bring a Super Bowl championship back to the Bay Area . '' The team would then play at a temporary facility in 2019 after its lease at the Coliseum expires . Davis has also indicated a desire to play at least one preseason game in Las Vegas , at Sam Boyd Stadium , as early as the 2017 season . ( The Raiders ' 2017 schedule has both preseason games in Oakland . ) On October 17 , 2016 , Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval signed into law Senate Bill 1 and Assembly Bill 1 which approved a hotel room rate tax increase to accommodate $750 million in public funding for the new stadium . On November 12 , 2016 , a report from the NFL 's own in - house media team outlined how Las Vegas might not be a done deal . The report stated that the majority of owners favored the Raiders staying in Oakland due to market size and stability . The vast majority of the NFL 's revenue comes from TV contracts . So because of that , it made little sense for the other 31 NFL owners to vote in favor of one of their partners abandoning the 6th biggest media market for the 42nd . On November 30 , 2016 , a framework deal to keep the Raiders in Oakland was announced . In addition to the public land , the city of Oakland would commit $200 million to improve the infrastructure of the surrounding area . The Raiders would contribute $500 million to the stadium , while Lott 's group would contribute $400 million ; the NFL already committed $300 million when it rejected the Raiders ' bid to return to Los Angeles in 2015 . Ronnie Lott had no financial or ownership stake in the Raiders ; some sources indicated that Lott was also asking for an ownership stake ( reportedly around 20 percent ) in the Raiders franchise as part of the deal , a condition that was unacceptable to Raiders owner Mark Davis . The Oakland proposal was officially announced in December 2016 , and called for a $1.3 billion , football - only stadium built on the existing Coliseum site . It included mixed use development for possible office or retail space , hotel or residential living and parking , as well as 15 acres set aside for a new baseball - only facility for the Oakland Athletics if the A 's so desired . The site also could have been expanded to include the land Oracle Arena sits on , with the Warriors cleared to move to their new San Francisco arena by the 2019 season . The Ronnie Lott proposal was voted on by the Oakland city and Alameda County elected officials on December 13 , 2016 and approved by Oakland in a 7 -- 0 vote and by Alameda County in a 3 -- 1 vote . 2017 ( edit ) The Raiders officially filed paperwork to relocate from Oakland , California , to Las Vegas , Nevada , on January 19 , 2017 . The Raiders needed 24 of the 32 NFL club owners to vote to officially approve the move to Las Vegas . On January 30 , 2017 , it was announced that Adelson had dropped out of the stadium project , also withdrawing the Las Vegas Sands ' proposed $650 million contribution from the project . Instead , the Raiders would increase their contribution from $500 million to $1.15 billion . One day after Adelson 's announcement , Goldman Sachs ( the company behind the financing to the proposed Las Vegas stadium ) announced its intent to withdraw from the project . On January 31 , 2017 , in the aftermath of Adelson and Goldman Sachs ' withdrawal from the Las Vegas deal , the San Diego Union - Tribune reported that Mayor Kevin Faulconer reached out to an NFL official to let them know they were eager to engage ; a city official also spoke to a Raiders official on the phone . The Union - Tribune noted that any possible Raiders relocation to San Diego or bringing a team to the city would have been aided by a proposal for a soccer - specific stadium and mixed development . NFL commissioner Roger Goodell reiterated , during his State of the NFL address , that San Diego would need a new stadium in order to be a relocation possibility . Another roadblock for a Raiders relocation to the city would have been the owners of the current Los Angeles teams . Stan Kroenke and Dean Spanos would block any team from sharing Southern California , especially if that team is the Raiders ( given the team 's continued popularity in the region ) . San Diego , as an option for the Raiders , was remote . San Diego was previously home to the San Diego Chargers from 1961 until 2016 ( when the team relocated to the Greater Los Angeles Area ) ; a Raiders move there would have been ironic given that the team 's primary rival the Chargers were based in that city . On February 16 , 2017 , the San Diego Union - Tribune obtained a letter from Doug Manchester that stated he had `` assembled a powerful group of associates '' who would develop a 70,000 - seat stadium on the land of Qualcomm Stadium ; the letter also stated the project would provide `` a viable alternative '' to the Raiders in case Las Vegas fell through ; the group also stated that they were `` open to working with the Chargers , Raiders , other NFL owners , or a new ownership group '' ; it also stated an NFL franchise could participate as a partner or tenant : `` Our group will provide the funds previously allocated to be provided by the City of San Diego and guarantee the stadium 's expeditious construction . Accordingly it will not require voter approval . '' It also said they would provide `` new state of the art scoreboards and upgrade Qualcomm Stadium while the new stadium is being constructed '' . On March 1 , 2017 , Fortress Investment Group submitted a tweaked version of the Oakland stadium plan to the NFL . Relocation to Las Vegas ( edit ) On March 6 , 2017 , the Raiders revealed that Bank of America would be replacing Sheldon Adelson 's portion of the funding for the new stadium in Las Vegas . On March 27 , 2017 , the National Football League officially approved the Raiders move from Oakland to Las Vegas in a 31 -- 1 vote , ensuring them a new stadium in the process . However , even though the Raiders were approved to move to Las Vegas , the club will still play the 2017 and 2018 NFL seasons at the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum and still be known as the Oakland Raiders as long as they play in the San Francisco Bay Area . About one thousand season ticket holders asked for and received refunds after the move to Las Vegas was announced . Their tickets were sold to other fans within hours , and the Raiders ' 53,250 season tickets were all sold out by late May . The league levied a $350 million relocation fee on the Raiders , which will be paid in ten annual installments beginning in 2019 . This figure is slightly more than half of the $650 million fee that the Rams and Chargers each paid to relocate to Los Angeles . On November 13 , 2017 , the Raiders officially broke ground on Las Vegas Stadium . 2018 ( edit ) On January 2 , 2018 , the Henderson city council approved the sale of 55 vacant acres of land to the Raiders for their new headquarters and practice facility near Henderson Executive Airport . In January , construction crews began blasting caliche rock with dynamite to excavate and create the stadium bowl . Popular culture ( edit ) In season 3 of the HBO television series Ballers , which was produced in 2016 and aired in 2017 , Spencer Strasmore ( Dwayne Johnson ) leads an effort to relocate the Raiders to Las Vegas . See also ( edit ) Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis Cleveland Browns relocation controversy National Football League franchise moves and mergers Relocation of professional sports teams National Football League controversies References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Rosenthal , Gregg ( March 27 , 2017 ) . `` NFL team owners approve Raiders ' move to Las Vegas '' . National Football League . Retrieved March 27 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Raiders Media Relations ( March 27 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders Receive NFL Approval For Las Vegas Relocation '' . Oakland Raiders . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Hanzus , Dan ( January 12 , 2016 ) . `` Rams to relocate to L.A. ; Chargers first option to join '' . NFL.com . National Football League . Retrieved January 18 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Chargers announce decision to relocate to Los Angeles '' . National Football League . January 12 , 2017 . Retrieved January 15 , 2017 . 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Jump up ^ `` Sources : Financial giant Goldman Sachs backs out of Raiders ' stadium deal '' . ESPN . January 31 , 2017 . Retrieved February 1 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Raiders secure financing for potential Las Vegas stadium '' . National Football League . March 7 , 2017 . Retrieved March 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Jon Mark Saraceno ( March 6 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders ' Las Vegas stadium gets boost from Bank of America '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Retrieved March 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Smith , Michael David ( May 23 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders ' move led about 1,000 fans to seek ticket refunds '' . Profootballtalk.com . Retrieved June 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Leuty , Ron ( May 24 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders ' move led about 1,000 fans to seek ticket refunds '' . San Francisco Business Times . Retrieved June 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Skurski , Jay ( July 13 , 2017 ) . `` Bills ' piece of national NFL revenue pie revealed to be a whopping $244 million '' . The Buffalo News . Retrieved July 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Around the NFL staff ( November 13 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders break ground on new stadium in Las Vegas '' . National Football League . Retrieved November 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Velotta , Richard N. ( November 14 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders launch work on stadium in Las Vegas '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Retrieved November 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Henderson City Council votes to sell land to Raiders '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . 2018 - 01 - 03 . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 03 . Jump up ^ Sapienza , Vince . `` Rock blasting begins on Raiders stadium site '' . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 12 . Jump up ^ Dodson , Aaron ( August 7 , 2017 ) . `` ' Ballers ' recap : Meet Candace Brewer , the brilliant woman between Spencer and Las Vegas '' . The Undefeated . Retrieved August 13 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Sin City Or Bust -- A profile on how Mark Davis moved the Raiders to Las Vegas from ESPN 's Outside the Lines Las Vegas Raiders from the Oakland Raiders ' official website Oakland Raiders Founded in 1960 Played in Los Angeles ( 1982 -- 94 ) Based in Oakland , California Headquartered in Alameda , California Franchise History in Los Angeles relocation to Las Vegas Seasons Players First - round draft picks Starting quarterbacks Head coaches Stadiums Kezar Stadium Candlestick Park Frank Youell Field Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Las Vegas Stadium Key personnel Owner / CEO : Mark Davis President : Marc Badain General manager : Reggie McKenzie Head coach : Jon Gruden Culture Oakland Raiderettes Raider Nation The Autumn Wind Mount Davis Ricky 's Sports Theatre and Grill Straight Outta L.A. Lore Heidi Game Immaculate Reception The Sea of Hands Ghost to the Post Holy Roller Red Right 88 Tuck Rule Game Rivalries Denver Broncos Kansas City Chiefs Los Angeles Chargers Pittsburgh Steelers Media Broadcasters Television : NBC Sports California NBC Sports Bay Area KTVU KVVU Radio : KGMZ KBLX KUFX KCYE KDWN Other : Compass Media Networks The Raider Cast Personalities : Bill King Greg Papa J.T. the Brick Playoff appearances ( 22 ) 1967 1968 1969 1970 1972 1973 1976 1977 1980 1982 1984 1985 1990 1991 1993 2000 2001 2002 2016 Division championships ( 15 ) 1967 1968 1969 1970 1972 1973 1976 1985 1990 2000 2001 2002 Conference championships ( 4 ) 1976 1980 2002 League championships ( 3 ) 1976 ( XI ) 1980 ( XV ) 1983 ( XVIII ) does not include 1967 AFL championship Current league affiliations League : National Football League ( 1970 -- present ) Conference : American Football Conference Division : West Division Former league affiliation League : American Football League ( 1960 -- 1969 ) Seasons ( 58 ) 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 2001 2017 Championship seasons in bold Sports in Las Vegas Professional Las Vegas Raiders ( 2020 ) Vegas Golden Knights Las Vegas Aces Las Vegas 51s Las Vegas Lights FC USA Sevens Las Vegas Mobsters Fabulous Sin City Rollergirls National Finals Rodeo Amateur Las Vegas City FC Las Vegas Mobsters Las Vegas SC Collegiate UNLV Rebels CSN Coyotes Las Vegas Bowl Sports teams based in Nevada Australian rules football USAFL Las Vegas Gamblers Baseball PCL Las Vegas 51s Reno Aces Basketball WNBA Las Vegas Aces NBA G League Reno Bighorns NAPB Nevada Desert Dogs Football NFL Las Vegas Raiders ( 2020 ) WFA Sin City Trojans Ice hockey NHL Vegas Golden Knights Roller derby WFTDA Fabulous Sin City Rollergirls Rugby SCRFU Las Vegas Blackjacks RFC Soccer USL Las Vegas Lights FC Reno 1868 FC UPSL Las Vegas City FC Las Vegas Mobsters Las Vegas SC Western Nevada FC College athletics ( NCAA Div . I ) Nevada UNLV ( NJCAA ) College of Southern Nevada Western Nevada College Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oakland_Raiders_relocation_to_Las_Vegas&oldid=822249584 '' Categories : Oakland Raiders Las Vegas Raiders National Football League controversies National Football League franchise relocations 2017 in sports in California 2017 in sports in Nevada Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 25 January 2018 , at 07 : 46 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when is oakland raiders going to las vegas

for the 2020 National Football League (NFL) season (although a move to Las Vegas could happen as soon as 2019 with Sam Boyd Stadium)


List of earthquakes in New Zealand - Wikipedia List of earthquakes in New Zealand Jump to : navigation , search Major active fault zones of New Zealand showing variation in displacement vector along the Pacific -- Indo - Australian plate boundary ( left ) and the distribution of earthquakes ( magnitude 5 or greater ) This is a list of large earthquakes that have occurred in New Zealand . Only earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or greater are listed , except for a few that had a moderate impact . Aftershocks are not included , unless they were of great significance or contributed to a death toll , such as the M 6.3 2011 Christchurch earthquake and the M 7.3 aftershock to the 1931 Hawke 's Bay earthquake . Earthquakes occur frequently in New Zealand as the country is situated in the collision zone between the Indo - Australian and Pacific tectonic plates , part of the Pacific Basin Ring of Fire , where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur . Most events occur along the main ranges running from Fiordland in the southwest to East Cape in the northeast . This axis follows the boundary between the Indo - Australian and Pacific plates . Large earthquakes are less common along the central Alpine Fault , where the plates are not subducting and the forces are accommodated in different ways . The largest city within the highest - risk zone is the nation 's capital , Wellington , followed by Hastings then Napier . All these cities have experienced severe earthquakes since European settlement . About 14,000 earthquakes occur in and around the country each year , of which between 150 and 200 are big enough to be felt . As a result , New Zealand has very stringent building regulations . Quite early on , European settlers were faced with the reality of earthquakes in their new home . On 26 May 1840 , the new settlement at Port Nicholson was struck by the first of a number of earthquakes and tremors . Early settlers learned fairly quickly the importance of using appropriate building methods in an earthquake - prone country . The 1848 earthquake , centred in Marlborough , caused great damage to the brick and masonry buildings in Wellington , and the city was rebuilt mainly in wood ; consequently it suffered comparatively little damage in the 8.2 magnitude earthquake of 1855 , which lifted the land 2 -- 3m . Many buildings in Hastings and Napier were damaged in the 1931 Hawke 's Bay earthquake . New building regulations meant that any new buildings constructed afterwards attempted to take earthquake shaking into account in building design . Contents ( hide ) 1 Pre-19th century 2 19th century 3 1900 -- 1949 4 1950 -- 1999 5 2000 -- 2009 6 2010 -- present 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Pre-19th century ( edit ) Date Location Region Magnitude ( M ) Magnitude ( M ) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information 1100 Alpine Fault South Island 7.6 -- 8.3 1460 Wellington Region Wellington 8.0 8.0 25 km 41.39 ° S 174.80 ° E 1610 - 20 Alpine Fault South Island 7.6 -- 8.3 1717 Alpine Fault South Island 8.1 19th century ( edit ) Information for earthquakes before 1840 are later estimates . Date Location Region Magnitude ( M ) Magnitude ( M ) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information 1815 New Plymouth Taranaki 7.0 25 km 38.99 ° S 174.00 ° E 1817 Fiordland South Island 7.0 25 km 45.99 ° S 167.00 ° E 1826 Fiordland South Island 8.0 8.0 25 km 44.99 ° S 167.00 ° E 1835 South Auckland Auckland 7.0 25 km 36.99 ° S 175.00 ° E Apparently a large shallow earthquake followed by aftershocks . Evidence rests on a single report that has so far not been verified 1838 Waitotara Forest Manawatu 7.0 25 km 39.39 ° S 176.10 ° E 26 May 1840 Paraparaumu Wellington 6.0 25 km 41.00 ° S 175.00 ° E 8 Jul 1843 Near Taihape Manawatu 7.6 7.6 12 km 39.59 ° S 176.20 ° E 1843 Wanganui earthquake 13 Jul 1846 Snares Islands Southland 6.3 25 km 47.00 ° S 166.00 ° E 19 Nov 1846 Karamea West Coast 6.5 25 km 41.00 ° S 172.00 ° E 4 Dec 1846 Wellington Wellington 6.0 25 km 41.00 ° S 174.50 ° E 16 Oct 1848 Blenheim Marlborough 7.4 7.8 12 km 41.89 ° S 173.60 ° E 1848 Marlborough earthquake 27 Jul 1851 Motueka Tasman 6.0 25 km 41.00 ° S 173.00 ° E 23 Jan 1855 Lake Wairarapa Wairarapa 8.2 8.2 33 km 41.198 ° S 175.20 ° E 9 1855 Wairarapa earthquake 23 Feb 1863 Waipukurau Hawke 's Bay 7.5 25 km 40.00 ° S 176.50 ° E 1863 Hawke 's Bay earthquake 19 Oct 1868 Cape Farewell Tasman 7.2 12 km 40.20 ° S 173.00 ° E Felt throughout Central New Zealand 5 Jun 1869 Christchurch Canterbury 4.7 -- 5.7 5 km 43.55 ° S 172.60 ° E 1869 Christchurch earthquake 18 Jul 1876 Palmerston North Manawatu 6.8 50 km 40.19 ° S 175.80 ° E Felt strongly in Palmerston North 25 Jun 1881 Palmerston North Manawatu 6.7 33 km 40.39 ° S 175.60 ° E Felt strongly in Palmerston North 5 Dec 1881 Castle Hill Canterbury 6.0 12 km 43.13 ° S 171.77 ° E Damaged stone buildings in Christchurch , including ChristChurch Cathedral 1 Sep 1888 Lewis Pass Canterbury 7.0 7.1 12 km 42.59 ° S 172.55 ° E 1888 North Canterbury earthquake 23 Jun 1891 Port Waikato Auckland 6.2 12 km 37.43 ° S 174.43 ° E Felt in Auckland / Waikato 12 Feb 1893 Nelson Tasman Bay 6.7 70 km 40.99 ° S 173.80 ° E Felt throughout Central New Zealand 18 Aug 1895 Taupo Bay of Plenty 6.0 12 km 38.80 ° S 176.80 ° E Felt throughout Central New Zealand 8 Dec 1897 Wanganui Manawatu 6.5 40 km 39.99 ° S , 175.00 ° E Felt throughout North Island , Strong in Wanganui 1900 -- 1949 ( edit ) Date Location Region Magnitude ( M ) Magnitude ( M ) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information 16 Nov 1901 Cheviot North Canterbury 6.8 12 km 42.74 ° S 173.35 ° E 1901 Cheviot earthquake 9 Aug 1904 Cape Turnagain Hawke 's Bay 7.0 7.2 16 km 40.40 ° S 176.40 ° E 1904 Cape Turnagain earthquake 7 Oct 1914 East Cape Gisborne 6.6 12 km 37.80 ° S 178.20 ° E Felt throughout eastern North Island 22 Nov 1914 Tauranga Bay of Plenty 7.3 300 km 37.49 ° S 176.50 ° E Felt throughout North Island 1 May 1917 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 8.0 50 km 29.00 ° S 177.00 ° W Felt throughout New Zealand 6 Aug 1917 Castlepoint Manawatu 6.8 12 km 40.80 ° S 176.00 ° E Felt throughout North Island 3 Nov 1918 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 6.8 50 km 47.00 ° S 165.40 ° E Felt throughout Southland 29 Jun 1921 Kaweka Forest Hawke 's Bay 7.0 80 km 39.29 ° S 176.40 ° E Felt throughout North Island 25 Dec 1922 Motunau North Canterbury 6.4 20 km 42.99 ° S 173.00 ° E Felt throughout Upper half of South Island 9 Mar 1929 Arthur 's Pass Canterbury 7.0 12 km 42.83 ° S 171.83 ° E 1929 Arthur 's Pass earthquake 17 Jun 1929 Murchison West Coast 7.3 7.8 20 km 41.69 ° S 172.20 ° E 17 1929 Murchison earthquake 23 Jun 1929 Murchison West Coast 6.5 12 km 41.78 ° S 172.32 ° E 12 Feb 1930 Porangahau Hawke 's Bay 6.2 33 km 40.39 ° S 176.55 ° E Felt throughout lower half of North Island 3 Feb 1931 North of Napier Hawke 's Bay 7.4 7.8 20 km 39.29 ° S 177.00 ° E 256 1931 Hawke 's Bay earthquake 13 Feb 1931 East of Napier Hawke 's Bay 7.3 30 km 39.55 ° S 177.31 ° E Aftershock to M 7.4 event 16 Sep 1932 Wairoa Hawke 's Bay 6.9 12 km 38.95 ° S 177.59 ° E Caused further damage to the already devastated Hawke 's Bay . 5 Mar 1934 Pahiatua Manawatu 7.2 12 km 40.54 ° S 176.29 ° E 1934 Pahiatua earthquake 15 Mar 1934 Wairoa Hawke 's Bay 6.3 25 km 39.31 ° S 177.23 ° E Felt strongly in Hawke 's Bay and Gisborne 24 May 1936 Whakatane Bay of Plenty 6.5 150 km 37.99 ° S 177.00 ° E Felt in North Island 16 Dec 1938 Fiordland Southland 7.0 60 km 44.99 ° S 167.00 ° E Felt throughout South Island 11 Feb 1939 Fiordland Southland 7.0 25 km 45.00 ° S 167.50 ° E Felt throughout South Island 26 Feb 1940 Hastings Hawke 's Bay 6.0 25 km 39.50 ° S 176.50 ° E Felt throughout North Island 24 Jun 1942 Masterton Wairarapa 6.9 12 km 40.96 ° S 175.69 ° E June 1942 Wairarapa earthquake 1 Aug 1942 Masterton Wairarapa 6.8 40 km 41.01 ° S 175.52 ° E August 1942 Wairarapa earthquake 17 Feb 1943 Te Anau Southland 6.5 123 km 45.29 ° S 168.00 ° E Felt throughout South Island 2 Aug 1943 Te Anau Southland 6.1 33 km 45.64 ° S 166.67 ° E Felt throughout South Island 2 Sep 1945 Stewart Island Southland 6.5 12 km 47.47 ° S , 166.12 ° E Felt throughout Southland and Otago 26 Jun 1946 Lake Coleridge Canterbury 6.5 12 km 43.30 ° S 171.47 ° E Mainshock 26 Mar 1947 Offshore Poverty Bay Gisborne 7.1 38.55 ° S 178.42 ° E 1947 Gisborne earthquakes and tsunami 17 May 1947 Offshore Tolaga Bay Gisborne 7.1 38.21 ° S 178.60 ° E 1947 Gisborne earthquakes and tsunami 22 May 1948 Hanmer Springs North Canterbury 6.4 12 km 42.49 ° S 173.00 ° E Mainshock 22 May 1948 Cheviot North Canterbury 6.2 12 km 42.83 ° S 173.05 ° E Separate event triggered by the M 6.4 earthquake 5 minutes prior 9 Feb 1949 Hawera Taranaki 6.4 199 km 39.67 ° S 174.35 ° E Felt throughout North Island 1950 -- 1999 ( edit ) Date Location Region Magnitude ( M ) Magnitude ( M ) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information 10 Feb 1951 Porangahau Hawke 's Bay 6.1 33 km 40.21 ° S 177.04 ° E Felt throughout North Island 24 Jun 1951 Toaroa Junction Manawatu 6.3 33 km 39.45 ° S 176.20 ° E Felt throughout North Island 29 Sep 1953 Tauranga Bay of Plenty 7.2 273 km 37.59 ° S 176.48 ° E Felt throughout North Island 27 Feb 1955 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.8 18 km 28.40 ° S 175.37 ° W Felt in the East half of North Island 29 Dec 1956 Matawai Gisborne 6.1 6.1 33 km 39.72 ° S 176.87 ° E Felt strongly along the East Coast of the North Island 31 Jan 1958 Waipawa Hawke 's Bay 6.1 12 km 30.30 ° S 177.50 ° E 14 Sep 1959 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.8 35 km 28.82 ° S 177.07 ° W Felt in the East half of North Island 28 Mar 1960 Mokau Taranaki 6.6 237 km 39.04 ° S 174.81 ° E Doublet earthquake to 6.5 event 28 Mar 1960 Mokau Taranaki 6.5 209 km 39.04 ° S 174.77 ° E Doublet earthquake to 6.6 event 25 May 1960 Milford Sound Southland 6.3 12 km 44.17 ° S 167.72 ° E 27 Dec 1961 Martinborough Wellington 6.2 12 km 41.51 ° S 176.11 ° E Struck offshore , 65 km east of Martinborough 18 Dec 1963 Raoul Islands Kermadec Islands 7.7 35 km 24.77 ° S 176.52 ° W Felt in the East half of North Island 11 April 1965 Kaikoura North Canterbury 6.1 12 km 42.76 ° S 173.87 ° E Felt in Kaikoura / North Canterbury 21 May 1965 George Sound Southland 6.4 101 km 44.94 ° S 167.36 ° E 4 Mar 1966 Gisborne East Cape 6.0 33 km 38.73 ° S 178.11 ° E Felt in Gisborne 23 April 1966 Cook Strait Marlborough 5.8 5.8 12 km 41.64 ° S 174.54 ° E Caused damage in Wellington 24 May 1968 Inangahua Junction West Coast 6.7 7.1 12 km 41.75 ° S 172.04 ° E 1968 Inangahua earthquake 6 Jan 1973 Taupo Waikato 7.0 163 km 39.03 ° S 175.26 ° E Felt throughout New Zealand 5 May 1976 Milford Sound Southland 6.6 12 km 44.67 ° S 167.38 ° E 15 Jan 1976 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.8 43 km 29.21 ° S 177.63 ° W Foreshock to M 8.2 event 15 Jan 1976 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 8.2 31 km 29.17 ° S 177.31 ° W Main shock 18 Jan 1977 Cook Strait Marlborough 6.0 33 km 41.84 ° S 174.58 ° E 12 Oct 1979 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 6.5 12 km 46.70 ° S 166.03 ° E 31 Dec 1984 White Island Bay of Plenty 6.3 12 km 36.59 ° S 177.55 ° E Felt around the Bay of Plenty 21 Oct 1986 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 8.3 33 km 28.15 ° S 176.29 ° W Felt throughout New Zealand 2 Mar 1987 Edgecumbe Bay of Plenty 6.1 6.5 10 km 37.88 ° S 176.80 ° E 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake 4 Jun 1988 Te Anau Southland 6.1 73 km 45.12 ° S 167.29 ° E 24 May 1989 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 8.2 Felt in the South Island 31 May 1989 Doubtful Sound Southland 6.1 23 km 45.33 ° S 166.87 ° E 13 May 1990 Weber Manawatu 6.2 6.4 29 km 40.42 S 176.47 ° E Mainshock 28 Jan 1991 Buller Ranges West Coast 6.1 9.9 km 41.90 ° S 171.65 ° E Foreshock to M 6.3 event 29 Jan 1991 Buller Ranges West Coast 6.3 17.3 km 41.90 ° S 171.72 ° E Mainshock 8 Sep 1991 South Taranaki Bight Manawatu 6.3 86 km 40.24 ° S 175.16 ° E Felt throughout North Island 27 May 1992 Wairau Valley Marlborough 6.8 79 km 41.60 ° S 173.66 ° E Felt in Central New Zealand 21 June 1992 White Island Bay of Plenty 6.1 5 km 37.57 ° S 176.82 ° E Felt in Bay of Plenty 10 Aug 1993 Secretary Island Southland 6.7 7.0 5 km 45.21 ° S 166.70 ° E Felt as far away as Australia 10 Aug 1993 Gisborne East Cape 6.3 45 km 38.52 ° S 177.90 ° E Felt strongly in Gisborne . 11 Apr 1993 Hastings Hawke 's Bay 6.1 37 km 39.72 ° S 176.71 ° E Felt strongly throughout Hawke 's Bay 18 Jun 1994 Arthur 's Pass Canterbury 6.7 6.7 4 km 43.00 ° S 171.47 ° E Mainshock 19 Jun 1994 Lake Coleridge Canterbury 6.1 5 km 43.16 ° S , 171.47 ° E Triggered from the M 6.7 Arthur 's Pass event 24 Nov 1995 Arthur 's Pass Canterbury 6.3 7 km 42.95 ° S , 171.81 ° E Felt strongly in the South Island 6 Feb 1995 NE of New Zealand East Cape 7.0 12 km 37.7 ° 7S 179.68 ° E Mainshock 10 Feb 1995 NE of New Zealand East Cape 6.6 12 km 37.92 ° 7S 179.51 ° E 25 May 1997 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.9 339 km 33.61 ° S 177.80 ° E Felt throughout North Island and upper half of South Island 20 Apr 1998 Taumaranui Manawatu 6.7 232 km 39 , 02S 174.92 ° E Felt throughout the North Island 25 Oct 1999 Taupo Waikato 7.0 160 km 38.56 S 175.91 ° E Felt throughout New Zealand 2000 -- 2009 ( edit ) Date Location Region Magnitude ( M ) Magnitude ( M ) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information 15 Aug 2000 L'Esperance Rock Kermadec Islands 7.6 436 km 31.94 ° S 178.55 ° E Felt in Christchurch 1 Nov 2000 Fiordland Southland 6.2 9 km 45.12 ° S 166.95 ° E 21 Aug 2001 NE of New Zealand East Cape 7.1 7.1 33 km 36.98 ° S 179.16 ° E Felt in the Gisborne area 21 Oct 2001 NE of New Zealand East Cape 6.3 12 km 36.89 ° S 179.86 ° E Felt in the Gisborne area 8 Dec 2001 Haast West Coast 6.2 5 km 44.11 ° S 168.60 ° E Mainshock 22 Aug 2003 Fiordland Southland 7.0 7.2 24 km 45.19 ° S , 166.83 ° E Felt throughout South Island 22 Nov 2004 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 7.1 7.0 12 km 46.57 ° S 165.08 ° E Reportedly felt as far north as Hamilton . 14 Mar 2005 Opunake Manawatu - Wanganui 6.4 154 km 40.17 ° S 173.63 ° E Felt strongly throughout central New Zealand 16 May 2006 L'Esperance Rock Kermadec Islands 7.5 7.4 150 km 31.56 ° S , 179.30 ° W Felt in East half of New Zealand 16 May 2006 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.1 33 km 31.98 ° S , 177.21 ° W Felt in East half on North Island 16 Oct 2007 Fiordland Southland 6.7 6.7 5 km 44.72 ° S 167.39 ° E Felt lower half of South Island 9 Dec 2007 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.8 152 km 25.99 ° S 177.51 ° W Felt in East half of New Zealand 20 Dec 2007 Gisborne East Cape 6.7 6.6 44 km 38.89 ° S 178.44 ° E 2007 Gisborne earthquake 25 Aug 2008 Hastings Hawke 's Bay 5.9 31 km 39.71 ° S 176.85 ° E 2008 Hastings earthquake 15 Jul 2009 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 6.1 33 km 46.07 ° S 165.75 ° E Felt throughout Southland and Otago 15 Jul 2009 Dusky Sound Southland 7.8 12 km 45.76 ° S 166.58 ° E 2009 Fiordland earthquake 2010 -- present ( edit ) Date Location Region Magnitude ( M ) Magnitude ( M ) Magnitude ( M ) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information 4 Sep 2010 Darfield Canterbury 7.1 7.0 6.4 11 km 43.52 ° S 172.16 ° E 2010 Canterbury earthquake 22 Feb 2011 Christchurch Canterbury 6.3 6.1 6.1 6 km 43.58 S 172.67 E 185 2011 Christchurch earthquake 13 Jun 2011 Christchurch Canterbury 6.4 5.9 6.0 7 km 43.56 ° S 172.73 ° E June 2011 Christchurch earthquake 5 Jul 2011 Taupo Waikato 6.5 5.5 5.4 153 km 38.65 ° S 175.70 ° E Felt throughout New Zealand . 7 Jul 2011 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.6 7.6 7.0 20 km 29.31 ° S 176.20 ° W Felt as far away as Christchurch . 22 Oct 2011 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.3 7.4 6.5 33 km 28.99 ° S 176.18 ° W Felt in eastern half of the North Island . 23 Dec 2011 Christchurch Canterbury 6.0 5.9 5.7 7 km 43.52 ° S 172.74 ° E Caused damage in the Christchurch region . 3 Jul 2012 South Taranaki Bight Taranaki 6.5 6.3 5.9 254 km 40.00 ° S 173.75 ° E 2012 Opunake earthquake 21 Jul 2013 Cook Strait Marlborough 6.5 6.5 6.1 17 km 41.61 ° S 174.33 ° E 2013 Seddon earthquake 16 Aug 2013 Lake Grassmere Marlborough 6.6 6.5 6.0 8 km 41.73 ° S 174.15 ° E 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake 16 Aug 2013 Lake Grassmere Marlborough 6.0 5.9 5.8 8 km 41.67 ° S 174.26 ° E Largest aftershock to 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake 20 Jan 2014 Eketahuna Wairarapa 6.2 6.1 5.8 34 km 40.62 ° S 175.85 ° E 2014 Eketahuna earthquake 13 Oct 2014 Fiordland Southland 6.2 5.8 5.4 9 km 46.29 ° S 165.87 ° E 14 Oct 2014 NE of Whakatane Bay of Plenty 6.5 5.7 82 km 34.90 ° S 179.65 ° E 17 Nov 2014 NE of Gisborne Gisborne 6.5 6.7 6.2 22 km 37.68 ° S 179.68 ° E Felt strongly across the North Island 6 Jan 2015 W of Arthur 's Pass Canterbury 6.0 5.6 5.5 5 km 43.06 ° S 171.25 ° E Felt throughout the South Island 24 Apr 2015 SE of St Arnaud Marlborough 6.2 6.1 6.0 52 km 42.09 ° S 173.07 ° E Felt throughout New Zealand 2 Feb 2016 E of Macauley Island Kermadec Islands 6.6 6.2 6.3 366 km 31.65 ° S 177.74 ° E Felt widely in the North Island . 14 Feb 2016 Christchurch Canterbury 5.7 5.8 15 km 43.5 ° S 172.83 ° E 2016 Christchurch earthquake 2 Sep 2016 NE of East Cape East Cape 7.1 7.1 55 km 37.01 ° S 179.63 ° E 2016 Te Araroa earthquake 14 Nov 2016 Culverden North Canterbury 7.8 7.8 15 km 42.757 ° S 173.077 ° E 2016 Kaikoura earthquake 11 Jul 2017 NW of Auckland Island South Tasman Sea 6.6 6.6 6.3 10 km 49.546 ° S 164.031 ° E See also ( edit ) Canterbury Earthquake Response and Recovery Act 2010 Earthquake Commission List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll Shaky Isles -- a nickname for New Zealand List of tsunamis affecting New Zealand Volcanology of New Zealand References ( edit ) Specific Jump up ^ McSaveney , Eileen ( 12 June 2006 ) . `` Earthquakes - What causes earthquakes ? '' . Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand . Retrieved 3 September 2016 . Jump up ^ Dench 2005 , p. 57 . ^ Jump up to : McSaveney , Eileen ( 21 September 2007 ) . `` Earthquakes - Building for earthquake resistance '' . Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand . ^ Jump up to : `` Alpine Fault '' . GNS Science . Retrieved 29 November 2011 . Jump up ^ Maclean , Chris ( 3 March 2009 ) . `` Creation stories and landscape - Wellington region '' . Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand . Retrieved 29 November 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Louise E. Cullen ; Richard P. Duncan ; Andrew Wells ; Glenn H. Stewart ( 2003 ) . `` Floodplain and regional scale variation in earthquake effects on forests , Westland , New Zealand '' . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand . 33 ( 4 ) . doi : 10.1080 / 03014223.2003. 9517753 . Retrieved 29 November 2011 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ Eiby , G.A. ( 1968 - 08 - 01 ) . `` An annotated list of New Zealand earthquakes , 1460 -- 1965 '' . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 11 ( 3 ) : 630 -- 647 . doi : 10.1080 / 00288306.1968. 10420275 . ISSN 0028 - 8306 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 15 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GeoNet - Quakes '' . Retrieved 22 November 2016 . Jump up ^ GeoNet . `` M 8.2 , Wairarapa , January 23 , 1855 '' . Retrieved 22 November 2016 . Jump up ^ McSaveney , M.J. , Graham , I.J. , Begg , J.G. , Beu , A.G. , Hull , A.G. , Kyeong , K. & Zondervan , A. ( 2006 ) . `` Late Holocene uplift of beach ridges at Turakirae Head , south Wellington coast , New Zealand '' . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 49 ( 3 ) : 337 -- 358 . doi : 10.1080 / 00288306.2006. 9515172 . Retrieved 3 September 2016 . CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Rodgers , D.W. ; Little T.A. ( 2006 ) . `` World 's largest coseismic strike - slip offset : The 1855 rupture of the Wairarapa Fault , New Zealand , and implications for displacement / length scaling of continental earthquakes '' . Journal of Geophysical Research . 111 ( B12408 ) . Bibcode : 2006JGRB ... 11112408R . doi : 10.1029 / 2005JB004065 . Jump up ^ McSaveney , Eileen ( 2 Mar 2009 ) . `` Historic earthquakes -- The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake '' . 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( 1957 ) ; Earthquakes ( London , Frederick Muller ) Page 159 has Table of ( 16 ) Major Earthquakes in New Zealand 1848 -- 1942 , from R.C. Hayes . Henderson , J ( 1937 ) ; The West Nelson Earthquakes of 1929 , Bulletin No. 55 of Department of Scientific and Industrial Research ( Wellington , Government Printer ) External links ( edit ) Geonet : NZ 's geological hazard monitoring system GNS Science : NZ Government research site Simulation of a Magnitude 8.4 Megathrust Quake in New Zealand -- GNS Science Earthquakes in New Zealand Pre-colonisation 1100 Alpine Fault 1460 Wellington 1600s Alpine Fault 1717 Alpine Fault 1815 New Plymouth 1817 Fiordland 1826 Fiordland 1835 Manukau 1838 Waitotara Forest 19th century 1843 Wanganui † 1848 Marlborough † 1855 Wairarapa † 1863 Hawke 's Bay 1868 Cape Farewell 1869 Christchurch 1888 North Canterbury 20th century 1901 Cheviot † 1904 Cape Turnagain 1921 Kaweka Forest 1929 Arthur 's Pass 1929 Murchison † 1931 Hawke 's Bay † 1934 Pahiatua † June 1942 Wairarapa August 1942 Wairarapa † 1947 Gisborne 1968 Inangahua † 1979 Invercargill 1986 Raoul Island 1987 Edgecumbe 21st century 2003 Fiordland 2007 Gisborne 2009 Fiordland 2010 Canterbury February 2011 Christchurch † June 2011 Christchurch † 2013 Seddon 2014 Eketahuna 2016 Christchurch 2016 Te Araroa 2016 Kaikoura † Related articles Canterbury Earthquake Response and Recovery Act 2010 Earthquake Commission † indicates earthquake known to have resulted in fatalities Seismic faults of New Zealand North Island North Island Fault System Mohaka Fault Ruahine Fault Waimana Fault Waiohau Fault Wairarapa Fault Wellington Fault Whakatane Fault South Island Alpine Fault Marlborough Fault System Awatere Fault Clarence Fault Elliott Fault Hope Fault Hundalee Fault Kekerengu Fault Wairau Fault Canterbury Fault System Christchurch Fault Greendale Fault Port Hills Fault Other Oceanic Faults Kermadec - Tonga subduction zone ( Hikurangi Margin Hikurangi Trench Kermadec Trench ) Macquarie Fault List of earthquakes in New Zealand Pacific Plate Indo - Australian Plate Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earthquakes_in_New_Zealand&oldid=836582534 '' Categories : Earthquakes in New Zealand Geology of New Zealand Lists of earthquakes by country New Zealand history - related lists Lists of disasters in New Zealand Tsunamis in New Zealand New Zealand geology - related lists Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter CS1 : Julian -- Gregorian uncertainty Use dmy dates from May 2012 Use New Zealand English from May 2012 All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Русский Suomi Edit links This page was last edited on 15 April 2018 , at 17 : 31 . 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Duluth Model - wikipedia Duluth Model Jump to : navigation , search The Duluth Model or Domestic Abuse Intervention Project is a program developed to reduce domestic violence against women . It is named after Duluth , Minnesota , the city where it was developed . The program was largely founded by Ellen Pence and Michael Paymar . As of 2006 , the Duluth Model is the most common batterer intervention program used in the United States . Critics argue that the method can be ineffective as it was developed without minority communities in mind and can fail to address root psychological or emotional causes of abuse , in addition to completely neglecting male victims and female perpetrators of abuse . Contents ( hide ) 1 Origin and theory 2 Implementation 3 Effectiveness 4 Criticism 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Origin and theory ( edit ) The Domestic Abuse Intervention Project was the first multi-disciplinary program designed to address the issue of domestic violence . This experimental program , conducted in Duluth in 1981 , coordinated the actions of a variety of agencies dealing with domestic conflict . The Duluth model curriculum was developed by a `` small group of activists in the battered women 's movement '' with 5 battered women and 4 men as subjects . The program has become a model for programs in other jurisdictions seeking to deal more effectively with domestic violence . The feminist theory underlying the Duluth Model is that men use violence within relationships to exercise power and control . This is illustrated by the `` Power and Control Wheel , '' a graphic typically displayed as a poster in participating locations . According to the Duluth Model , `` women and children are vulnerable to violence because of their unequal social , economic , and political status in society . '' Treatment of abusive men is focused on re-education , as `` we do not see men 's violence against women as stemming from individual pathology , but rather from a socially reinforced sense of entitlement . '' The program 's philosophy is intended to help batterers work to change their attitudes and personal behavior so they would learn to be nonviolent in any relationship . Implementation ( edit ) This section is empty . You can help by adding to it . ( January 2017 ) Effectiveness ( edit ) A U.S. study published in 2002 sponsored by the federal government found that batterers who complete programs based on the Duluth model are less likely to repeat acts of domestic violence than those who do not complete any batterers ' intervention program . A 2003 study conducted by the U.S. National Institute of Justice found the Duluth Model to have `` little or no effect . '' However , this study had considerable shortfalls . The National Institute of Justice said in its introduction , `` ... response rates were low , many people dropped out of the program , and victims could not be found for subsequent interviews . The tests used to measure batterers ' attitudes toward domestic violence and their likelihood to engage in future abuse were of questionable validity . '' A 2003 longitudinal , four - year evaluation by EW Gondolf , covering four cities , shows clear deescalation of reassault and other abuse , with 80 % of men reaching sustained non-violence . A 2005 study led by Larry Bennett , a professor of social work at the University of Illinois at Chicago and an expert on batterer intervention programs , found that of the 30 batterer intervention programs in Cook County , Illinois , 15 percent of batterers who completed the programs were rearrested for domestic violence , compared with 37 percent of those who dropped out of the programs . However , Bennett said the studies are largely meaningless because they lacked a proper control group . He added that participants who complete domestic violence programs are likely to be more motivated than others to improve behavior and would be less inclined to offend again . A 2011 review of the effectiveness of batterers intervention programs ( BIP ) ( primarily Duluth Model ) found that `` there is no solid empirical evidence for either the effectiveness or relative superiority of any of the current group interventions , '' and that `` the more rigorous the methodology of evaluation studies , the less encouraging their findings . '' That is , as BIPs in general , and Duluth Model programs in particular are subject to increasingly rigorous review , their success rate approaches zero . A 2014 news report reported zero percent recidivism within 5 years for a batterers intervention program based on Nonviolent Communication , and contrasted this with a recidivism rate of 40 percent within 5 years for a batterers intervention program based on the Duluth Model as reported by the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project . Criticism ( edit ) Criticism of the Duluth Model has centered on the program 's insistence that men are perpetrators who are violent because they have been socialized in a patriarchy that condones male violence , and that women are victims who are violent only in self - defense . Some critics argue that `` programs based on the Duluth Model may ignore research linking domestic violence to substance abuse and psychological problems , such as attachment disorders , traced to childhood abuse or neglect , or the absence of a history of adequate socialization and training . '' Others criticize the Duluth model as being overly confrontational rather than therapeutic , focusing solely on changing the abuser 's actions and attitudes rather than dealing with underlying emotional and psychological issues . Donald Dutton , a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia who has studied abusive personalities , states : `` The Duluth Model was developed by people who did n't understand anything about therapy , '' and also points out that `` lesbian battering is more frequent than heterosexual battering . '' Philip W. Cook points out that in the case of homosexual domestic violence , the patriarchy is absent : there is no male dominance of women in same - sex relationships , and in fact , female on female abuse is reported more than twice as frequently as male on male abuse . Furthermore , some critics point out that the model ignores the reality that women are sometimes the perpetrators of domestic violence in heterosexual relationships , as well . Its proponents counter that the Duluth model is effective and makes best use of scarce resources . However , Ellen Pence herself has written , `` By determining that the need or desire for power was the motivating force behind battering , we created a conceptual framework that , in fact , did not fit the lived experience of many of the men and women we were working with . The DAIP staff ( ... ) remained undaunted by the difference in our theory and the actual experiences of those we were working with ( ... ) It was the cases themselves that created the chink in each of our theoretical suits of armor . Speaking for myself , I found that many of the men I interviewed did not seem to articulate a desire for power over their partner . Although I relentlessly took every opportunity to point out to men in the groups that they were so motivated and merely in denial , the fact that few men ever articulated such a desire went unnoticed by me and many of my coworkers . Eventually , we realized that we were finding what we had already predetermined to find . '' The Duluth Model is featured in the documentary Power and Control : Domestic Violence in America with commentary from its authors as well as its main critics , such as Dutton . Erin Pizzey the founder of Chiswick Womens ' Aid , the first ever refuge in the world for victims of domestic violence notes in an interview in The Red Pill that men and women are equally capable of domestic violence , though over time domestic abuse shelters have shifted to be almost exclusively for battered women . Their ( feminists ) ideology also asserts that men were impervious to any therapeutic intervention , courtesy of their deeply ingrained patriarchal privilege . According to this new model they precluded anything but criminal treatment for men 's alleged violence toward women and children . Laws were passed that specifically forbade any couples intervention for men accused . See also ( edit ) Abusive power and control Relationship counseling Relationship education Violence Against Women Act Outline of domestic violence References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Linda G. Mills ( 2009 ) . Violent Partners : A Breakthrough Plan for Ending the Cycle of Abuse . Basic Books . p. 26 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7867 - 3187 - 9 . ^ Jump up to : Wayne Bennett ; Kären Hess ( 2006 ) . Criminal Investigation ( 8th ed . ) . Cengage Learning . p. 281 . ISBN 0 - 495 - 09340 - 8 . Jump up ^ Ellen Pence ; Michael Paymar ( 1993 ) . Education Groups for Men Who Batter : The Duluth Model . Springer Publishing Company . p. xiii . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8261 - 7990 - 6 . Jump up ^ Domestic Abuse Intervention Project : History Archived 28 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ http://www.theduluthmodel.org/pdf/PowerandControl.pdf Jump up ^ Janice Haaken ( 2010 ) . Hard Knocks : Domestic Violence and the Psychology of Storytelling . Routledge . p. 23 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 135 - 15734 - 0 . Jump up ^ `` The Duluth Model '' . Minnesota Program Development , Inc . Archived from the original on 28 August 2008 . Jump up ^ http://www.theduluthmodel.org/pdf/CounteringConfusion.pdf ^ Jump up to : Twohey , Megan ( 2 January 2009 ) . `` How Can Domestic Violence Be Stopped ? '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 28 January 2009 . Jump up ^ https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/195079.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.biscmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Gondolf-Reply-to-Dutton-on-Duluth-Model-1.pdf Jump up ^ http://ncfm.org/libraryfiles/Children/DV/Evaluating%20Batterer%20Programs--CDC%20summary-fin.pdf Jump up ^ http://fisafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/BIPsEffectiveness.pdf Jump up ^ `` Batterers ' intervention recidivism rates lowest known to date '' . Mountain Democrat ( Placerville , CA ) . 30 April 2014 . Retrieved 21 September 2017 . Jump up ^ http://scholarship.law.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2027&context=mlr ^ Jump up to : Fisher , Andy , Rick Goodwin and Mark Patton. 2009 . `` Men & Healing : Theory , Research , and Practice in Working with Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse . '' The Men 's Project , Funded by the Cornwall Public Inquiry Jump up ^ Patriarchy and Wife Assault : The Ecological Fallacy , Violence & Victims 1994 , 9 , ( 2 ) , 125 - 140 . ( 1994 ) Jump up ^ Cook , Philip W. ( 2009 ) . Abused Men : The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence . Santa Barbara , California : ABC - CLIO . p. 36 -- 39 . ISBN 9780313356186 . Retrieved 11 April 2016 . Jump up ^ Michael Paymar and Graham Barnes , `` Countering Confusion About the Duluth Model Archived 19 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine . '' , Battered Women 's Justice Project , Minneapolis , Minnesota Jump up ^ Pence , Ellen ( 1999 ) . `` Some Thoughts on Philosophy '' . In Shepherd , Melanie ; Pence , Ellen . Coordinating Community Responses to Domestic Violence : Lessons from Duluth and Beyond . Thousand Oaks , CA. : Sage . pp. 29 -- 30 . Jump up ^ `` Power and Control Film '' . Power and Control : Domestic Violence in America . Retrieved 31 March 2011 . Jump up ^ Cassie Jaye ( 7 October 2016 ) . The Red Pill ( film ) format = requires url = ( help ) . Gravitas Ventures . Jump up ^ Pizzy , Erin ( 3 March 2015 ) . `` Duluth Model buries key facts on domestic violence '' . Honest Ribbon . Retrieved 17 April 2018 . Further reading ( edit ) Ellen Pence ; Michael Paymar ( 1993 ) . Education Groups for Men Who Batter : The Duluth Model . Springer Publishing Company . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8261 - 7990 - 6 . Donald G Dutton ( 2006 ) . Rethinking Domestic Violence . UBC Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7748 - 5987 - 5 . ; review by Walter S. DeKeseredy in Canadian Journal of Sociology Online November -- December 2007 Muslim Wheel of Domestic Violence a variation of the Duluth Power and Control Wheel External links ( edit ) http://www.theduluthmodel.org/ `` Power and Control : Domestic Violence in America '' a documentary film and web site focusing on the Duluth Model . Founders Ellen Pence and Michael Paymar are interviewed in the film , with excerpts and transcripts on the web Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duluth_model&oldid=838423166 '' Categories : Domestic violence - related organizations Psychological abuse Non-profit organizations based in Minnesota Feminism and society Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from December 2016 Articles with permanently dead external links Pages using citations with format and no URL Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles to be expanded from January 2017 All articles to be expanded Articles with empty sections from January 2017 All articles with empty sections Articles using small message boxes Use dmy dates from April 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Edit links This page was last edited on 26 April 2018 , at 22 : 37 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: the duluth model is an intervention program that emphasizes