Gregor Mendel - wikipedia Gregor Mendel Jump to : navigation , search Gregor Mendel Johann Mendel ( 1822 - 07 - 20 ) 20 July 1822 Heinzendorf bei Odrau , Silesia , Austrian Empire ( now Hynčice , Czech Republic ) 6 January 1884 ( 1884 - 01 - 06 ) ( aged 61 ) Brünn , Austria - Hungary ( now Brno , Czech Republic ) Nationality Austrian Alma mater University of Olomouc University of Vienna Known for Creating the science of genetics Scientific career Fields Genetics Institutions St Thomas 's Abbey Part of a series on Genetics Key components Chromosome DNA RNA Genome Heredity Mutation Nucleotide Variation Outline Index History and topics Introduction History Evolution ( molecular ) Population genetics Mendelian inheritance Quantitative genetics Molecular genetics Research DNA sequencing Genetic engineering Genomics ( template ) Medical genetics Branches of genetics Personalized medicine Personalized medicine Biology portal Molecular and cellular biology portal Gregor Johann Mendel ( Czech : Řehoř Jan Mendel ; 20 July 1822 -- 6 January 1884 ) ( English : / ˈmɛndəl / ) was a scientist , Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas ' Abbey in Brno , Margraviate of Moravia . Mendel was born in a German - speaking family in the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire ( today 's Czech Republic ) and gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics . Though farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits , Mendel 's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity , now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance . Mendel worked with seven characteristics of pea plants : plant height , pod shape and color , seed shape and color , and flower position and color . Taking seed color as an example , Mendel showed that when a true - breeding yellow pea and a true - breeding green pea were cross-bred their offspring always produced yellow seeds . However , in the next generation , the green peas reappeared at a ratio of 1 green to 3 yellow . To explain this phenomenon , Mendel coined the terms `` recessive '' and `` dominant '' in reference to certain traits . ( In the preceding example , the green trait , which seems to have vanished in the first filial generation , is recessive and the yellow is dominant . ) He published his work in 1866 , demonstrating the actions of invisible `` factors '' -- now called genes -- in predictably determining the traits of an organism . The profound significance of Mendel 's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century ( more than three decades later ) with the rediscovery of his laws . Erich von Tschermak , Hugo de Vries , Carl Correns and William Jasper Spillman independently verified several of Mendel 's experimental findings , ushering in the modern age of genetics . Contents ( hide ) 1 Life and career 2 Contributions 2.1 Experiments on plant hybridization 2.1. 1 Initial reception of Mendel 's work 2.2 Other experiments 3 Rediscovery of Mendel 's work 4 The Mendelian Paradox 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 Further reading 9 External links Life and career Mendel was born into a German - speaking family in Hynčice ( Heinzendorf bei Odrau in German ) , at the Moravian - Silesian border , Austrian Empire ( now a part of the Czech Republic ) . He was the son of Anton and Rosine ( Schwirtlich ) Mendel and had one older sister , Veronika , and one younger , Theresia . They lived and worked on a farm which had been owned by the Mendel family for at least 130 years . During his childhood , Mendel worked as a gardener and studied beekeeping . As a young man , he attended gymnasium in Opava ( called Troppau in German ) . He had to take four months off during his gymnasium studies due to illness . From 1840 to 1843 , he studied practical and theoretical philosophy and physics at the Philosophical Institute of the University of Olomouc , taking another year off because of illness . He also struggled financially to pay for his studies , and Theresia gave him her dowry . Later he helped support her three sons , two of whom became doctors . He became a friar in part because it enabled him to obtain an education without having to pay for it himself . As the son of a struggling farmer , the monastic life , in his words , spared him the `` perpetual anxiety about a means of livelihood . '' He was given the name Gregor ( Řehoř in Czech ) when he joined the Augustinian friars . When Mendel entered the Faculty of Philosophy , the Department of Natural History and Agriculture was headed by Johann Karl Nestler who conducted extensive research of hereditary traits of plants and animals , especially sheep . Upon recommendation of his physics teacher Friedrich Franz , Mendel entered the Augustinian St Thomas 's Abbey in Brno ( called Brünn in German ) and began his training as a priest . Born Johann Mendel , he took the name Gregor upon entering religious life . Mendel worked as a substitute high school teacher . In 1850 , he failed the oral part , the last of three parts , of his exams to become a certified high school teacher . In 1851 , he was sent to the University of Vienna to study under the sponsorship of Abbot C.F. Napp so that he could get more formal education . At Vienna , his professor of physics was Christian Doppler . Mendel returned to his abbey in 1853 as a teacher , principally of physics . In 1856 , he took the exam to become a certified teacher and again failed the oral part . In 1867 , he replaced Napp as abbot of the monastery . After he was elevated as abbot in 1868 , his scientific work largely ended , as Mendel became overburdened with administrative responsibilities , especially a dispute with the civil government over its attempt to impose special taxes on religious institutions . Mendel died on 6 January 1884 , at the age of 61 , in Brno , Moravia , Austria - Hungary ( now Czech Republic ) , from chronic nephritis . Czech composer Leoš Janáček played the organ at his funeral . After his death , the succeeding abbot burned all papers in Mendel 's collection , to mark an end to the disputes over taxation . Contributions Experiments on plant hybridization Dominant and recessive phenotypes. ( 1 ) Parental generation . ( 2 ) F1 generation . ( 3 ) F2 generation . Gregor Mendel , who is known as the `` father of modern genetics '' , was inspired by both his professors at the Palacký University , Olomouc ( Friedrich Franz and Johann Karl Nestler ) , and his colleagues at the monastery ( such as Franz Diebl ) to study variation in plants . In 1854 , Napp authorized Mendel to carry out a study in the monastery 's 2 hectares ( 4.9 acres ) experimental garden , which was originally planted by Napp in 1830 . Unlike Nestler , who studied hereditary traits in sheep , Mendel used the common edible pea and started his experiments in 1856 . After initial experiments with pea plants , Mendel settled on studying seven traits that seemed to be inherited independently of other traits : seed shape , flower color , seed coat tint , pod shape , unripe pod color , flower location , and plant height . He first focused on seed shape , which was either angular or round . Between 1856 and 1863 Mendel cultivated and tested some 28,000 plants , the majority of which were pea plants ( Pisum sativum ) . This study showed that , when true - breeding different varieties were crossed to each other ( e.g. , tall plants fertilized by short plants ) , in the second generation , one in four pea plants had purebred recessive traits , two out of four were hybrid s , and one out of four were purebred dominant . His experiments led him to make two generalizations , the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment , which later came to be known as Mendel 's Laws of Inheritance . Initial reception of Mendel 's work Mendel presented his paper , `` Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden '' ( `` Experiments on Plant Hybridization '' ) , at two meetings of the Natural History Society of Brno in Moravia on 8 February and 8 March 1865 . It generated a few favorable reports in local newspapers , but was ignored by the scientific community . When Mendel 's paper was published in 1866 in Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn , it was seen as essentially about hybridization rather than inheritance , had little impact , and was only cited about three times over the next thirty - five years . His paper was criticized at the time , but is now considered a seminal work . Notably , Charles Darwin was unaware of Mendel 's paper , and it is envisaged that if he had , genetics as we know it now might have taken hold much earlier . Mendel 's scientific biography thus provides an example of the failure of obscure , highly original , innovators to receive the attention they deserve . Other experiments Mendel began his studies on heredity using mice . He was at St. Thomas 's Abbey but his bishop did not like one of his friars studying animal sex , so Mendel switched to plants . Mendel also bred bees in a bee house that was built for him , using bee hives that he designed . He also studied astronomy and meteorology , founding the ' Austrian Meteorological Society ' in 1865 . The majority of his published works was related to meteorology . Mendel also experimented with hawkweed ( Hieracium ) and honeybees . He published a report on his work with hawkweed , a group of plants of great interest to scientists at the time because of their diversity . However , the results of Mendel 's inheritance study in hawkweeds was unlike his results for peas ; the first generation was very variable and many of their offspring were identical to the maternal parent . In his correspondence with Carl Nägeli he discussed his results but was unable to explain them . It was not appreciated until the end of the nineteen century that many hawkweed species were apomictic , producing most of their seeds through an asexual process . None of his results on bees survived , except for a passing mention in the reports of Moravian Apiculture Society . All that is known definitely is that he used Cyprian and Carniolan bees , which were particularly aggressive to the annoyance of other monks and visitors of the monastery such that he was asked to get rid of them . Mendel , on the other hand , was fond of his bees , and referred to them as `` my dearest little animals '' . He also described novel plant species , and these are denoted with the botanical author abbreviation `` Mendel '' . Rediscovery of Mendel 's work It would appear that the forty odd scientists who listened to Mendel 's two path - breaking lectures failed to understand his work . Later , he also carried a correspondence with Carl Naegeli , one of the leading biologists of the time , but Naegli too failed to appreciate Mendel 's discoveries . At times , Mendel must have entertained doubts about his work , but not always : `` My time will come , '' he reportedly told a friend . During Mendel 's lifetime , most biologists held the idea that all characteristics were passed to the next generation through blending inheritance , in which the traits from each parent are averaged . Instances of this phenomenon are now explained by the action of multiple genes with quantitative effects . Charles Darwin tried unsuccessfully to explain inheritance through a theory of pangenesis . It was not until the early twentieth century that the importance of Mendel 's ideas was realized . By 1900 , research aimed at finding a successful theory of discontinuous inheritance rather than blending inheritance led to independent duplication of his work by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns , and the rediscovery of Mendel 's writings and laws . Both acknowledged Mendel 's priority , and it is thought probable that de Vries did not understand the results he had found until after reading Mendel . Though Erich von Tschermak was originally also credited with rediscovery , this is no longer accepted because he did not understand Mendel 's laws . Though de Vries later lost interest in Mendelism , other biologists started to establish modern genetics as a science . All three of these researchers , each from a different country , published their rediscovery of Mendel 's work within a two - month span in the Spring of 1900 . Mendel 's results were quickly replicated , and genetic linkage quickly worked out . Biologists flocked to the theory ; even though it was not yet applicable to many phenomena , it sought to give a genotypic understanding of heredity which they felt was lacking in previous studies of heredity which focused on phenotypic approaches . Most prominent of these previous approaches was the biometric school of Karl Pearson and W.F.R. Weldon , which was based heavily on statistical studies of phenotype variation . The strongest opposition to this school came from William Bateson , who perhaps did the most in the early days of publicising the benefits of Mendel 's theory ( the word `` genetics '' , and much of the discipline 's other terminology , originated with Bateson ) . This debate between the biometricians and the Mendelians was extremely vigorous in the first two decades of the twentieth century , with the biometricians claiming statistical and mathematical rigor , whereas the Mendelians claimed a better understanding of biology . ( Modern genetics shows that Mendelian heredity is in fact an inherently biological process , though not all genes of Mendel 's experiments are yet understood . ) In the end , the two approaches were combined , especially by work conducted by R.A. Fisher as early as 1918 . The combination , in the 1930s and 1940s , of Mendelian genetics with Darwin 's theory of natural selection resulted in the modern synthesis of evolutionary biology . The Mendelian paradox In 1936 , R.A. Fisher , a prominent statistician and population geneticist , reconstructed Mendel 's experiments , analyzed results from the F2 ( second filial ) generation and found the ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes ( e.g. green versus yellow peas ; round versus wrinkled peas ) to be implausibly and consistently too close to the expected ratio of 3 to 1 . Fisher asserted that `` the data of most , if not all , of the experiments have been falsified so as to agree closely with Mendel 's expectations , '' Mendel 's alleged observations , according to Fisher , were `` abominable '' , `` shocking '' , and `` cooked '' . Other scholars agree with Fisher that Mendel 's various observations come uncomfortably close to Mendel 's expectations . Dr. Edwards , for instance , remarks : `` One can applaud the lucky gambler ; but when he is lucky again tomorrow , and the next day , and the following day , one is entitled to become a little suspicious '' . Three other lines of evidence likewise lend support to the assertion that Mendel 's results are indeed too good to be true . Fisher 's analysis gave rise to the Mendelian Paradox , a paradox that remains unsolved to this very day . Thus , on the one hand , Mendel 's reported data are , statistically speaking , too good to be true ; on the other , `` everything we know about Mendel suggests that he was unlikely to engage in either deliberate fraud or in unconscious adjustment of his observations . '' A number of writers have attempted to resolve this paradox . One attempted explanation invokes confirmation bias . Fisher accused Mendel 's experiments as `` biased strongly in the direction of agreement with expectation ... to give the theory the benefit of doubt '' . This might arise if he detected an approximate 3 to 1 ratio early in his experiments with a small sample size , and , in cases where the ratio appeared to deviate slightly from this , continued collecting more data until the results conformed more nearly to an exact ratio . In his 2004 , J.W. Porteous concluded that Mendel 's observations were indeed implausible . However , reproduction of the experiments has demonstrated that there is no real bias towards Mendel 's data . Another attempt to resolve the Mendelian Paradox notes that a conflict may sometimes arise between the moral imperative of a bias - free recounting of one 's factual observations and the even more important imperative of advancing scientific knowledge . Mendel might have felt compelled `` to simplify his data in order to meet real , or feared , editorial objections . '' Such an action could be justified on moral grounds ( and hence provide a resolution to the Mendelian Paradox ) , since the alternative -- refusing to comply -- might have retarded the growth of scientific knowledge . Similarly , like so many other obscure innovators of science , Mendel , a little known innovator of working - class background , had to `` break through the cognitive paradigms and social prejudices of his audience . If such a breakthrough `` could be best achieved by deliberately omitting some observations from his report and adjusting others to make them more palatable to his audience , such actions could be justified on moral grounds . '' Daniel L. Hartl and Daniel J. Fairbanks reject outright Fisher 's statistical argument , suggesting that Fisher incorrectly interpreted Mendel 's experiments . They find it likely that Mendel scored more than 10 progeny , and that the results matched the expectation . They conclude : `` Fisher 's allegation of deliberate falsification can finally be put to rest , because on closer analysis it has proved to be unsupported by convincing evidence . '' In 2008 Hartl and Fairbanks ( with Allan Franklin and AWF Edwards ) wrote a comprehensive book in which they concluded that there were no reasons to assert Mendel fabricated his results , nor that Fisher deliberately tried to diminish Mendel 's legacy . Reassessment of Fisher 's statistical analysis , according to these authors , also disprove the notion of confirmation bias in Mendel 's results . See also Mendelian inheritance List of Roman Catholic cleric -- scientists Mendel Museum of Genetics Mendel Polar Station in Antarctica Mendel University Brno Mendelian error References ^ Jump up to : Funeral card in Czech ( Brno , 6 . January 1884 ) Jump up ^ 20 July is his birthday ; often mentioned is 22 July , the date of his baptism . 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Genetics . 166 ( 3 ) : 1139 -- 1140 . doi : 10.1534 / genetics. 166.3. 1139 . PMC 1470784 . PMID 15082535 . Bibliography Smith , Jos A. ; Cheryl Bardoe ; Smith , Joseph A. ( 2006 ) . Gregor Mendel : the friar who grew peas . Abrams Books for Young Readers . ISBN 0 - 8109 - 5475 - 3 . William Bateson Mendel , Gregor ; Bateson , William ( 2009 ) . Mendel 's Principles of Heredity : A Defence , with a Translation of Mendel 's Original Papers on Hybridisation ( Cambridge Library Collection -- Life Sciences ) . Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press . ISBN 1 - 108 - 00613 - 2 . On - line Facsimile Edition : Electronic Scholarly Publishing , Prepared by Robert Robbins Klein , Jan ; Klein , Norman ( 2013 ) . Solitude of a Humble Genius -- Gregor Johann Mendel : Volume 1 . Heidelberg : Springer . ISBN 978 - 3 - 642 - 35253 - 9 . Henig , Robin Marantz ( 2000 ) . The Monk in the Garden : The Lost and Found Genius of Gregor Mendel , the Father of Genetics . Boston : Houghton Mifflin . ISBN 978 - 0395 - 97765 - 1 . Robert Lock , Recent Progress in the Study of Variation , Heredity and Evolution , London , 1906 Orel , Vítĕzslav ( 1996 ) . Gregor Mendel : the first geneticist . Oxford ( Oxfordshire ) : Oxford University Press . ISBN 0 - 19 - 854774 - 9 . Reginald Punnett , Mendelism , Cambridge , 1905 Curt Stern and Sherwood ER ( 1966 ) The Origin of Genetics . Tudge , Colin ( 2000 ) . In Mendel 's footnotes : an introduction to the science and technologies of genes and genetics from the nineteenth century to the twenty - second . London : Vintage . ISBN 0 - 09 - 928875 - 3 . Waerden , B.L.V.D. ( 1968 ) . `` Mendel 's Experiments '' . Centaurus. 12 ( 4 ) : 275 -- 288 . Bibcode : 1968Cent ... 12 ... 275V . doi : 10.1111 / j. 1600 - 0498.1968. tb00098. x . PMID 4880928 . refutes allegations about `` data smoothing '' James Walsh , Catholic Churchmen in Science , Philadelphia : Dolphin Press , 1906 Ronald A. Fisher , `` Has Mendel 's Work Been Rediscovered ? '' Annals of Science , Volume 1 , ( 1936 ) : 115 -- 137 . Discusses the possibility of fraud in his research . Further reading Punnett , Reginald Crundall ( 1922 ) . `` Mendelism '' . London : Macmillan . ( 1st Pub. 1905 ) Taylor , Monica ( July -- September 1922 ) . `` Abbot Mendel '' . Dublin Review . London : Burns , Oates and Washbourne . Windle , Bertram C.A. ( 1915 ) . `` Mendel and His Theory of Heredity '' . A Century of Scientific Thought and Other Essays . Burns & Oates . Zumkeller , Adolar & Hartmann , Arnulf. 1971 . Recently Discovered Sermon Sketches of Gregor Mendel . Folia Mendeliana 6 : 247 -- 252 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gregor Mendel . Wikiquote has quotations related to : Gregor Mendel Works by Gregor Mendel at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Gregor Mendel at Internet Archive Works by Gregor Mendel at LibriVox ( public domain audiobooks ) 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia entry , `` Mendel , Mendelism '' Augustinian Abbey of St. Thomas at Brno Biography , bibliography and access to digital sources in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Biography of Gregor Mendel GCSE student Gregor Mendel ( 1822 -- 1884 ) Gregor Mendel Primary Sources Johann Gregor Mendel : Why his discoveries were ignored for 35 ( 72 ) years ( in German ) Masaryk University to rebuild Mendel 's greenhouse Brno Now Mendel Museum of Genetics Mendel 's Paper in English Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man A photographic tour of St. Thomas ' Abbey , Brno , Czech Republic VIAF : 7455283 LCCN : n50036968 ISNI : 0000 0001 2119 4092 GND : 118580698 SUDOC : 028311876 BNF : cb12298563v ( data ) NLA : 35346488 NDL : 00524395 NKC : jk01081221 Botanist : Mendel BNE : XX975705 SNAC : w63t9mkh ( hide ) Genetics Introduction Outline History Index Key components Chromosome DNA RNA Nucleotide Genome Fields Classical Conservation Ecological Immunogenetics Molecular Population Quantitative Archaeogenetics of the Americas the British Isles Europe Italy the Near East South Asia Related topics Behavioural genetics Epigenetics Geneticist Genomics Genetic code Medical genetics Molecular evolution Reverse genetics Genetic engineering Genetic diversity Heredity Genetic monitoring Genetic genealogy List of genetics research organizations Genetics History of biology Fields , disciplines Agricultural science Anatomy Biochemistry Biotechnology Botany Ecology Evolutionary thought Genetics Geology Immunology Medicine Model organisms Molecular biology Molecular evolution Paleontology Phycology Plant systematics RNA biology Zoology ( since 1859 ) Zoology ( through 1859 ) Institutions Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Laboratory of Molecular Biology Marine Biological Laboratory Max Planck Society Pasteur Institute Rockefeller University Rothamsted Experimental Station Stazione Zoologica Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Theories , concepts Germ theory of disease Central dogma of molecular biology Darwinism Great chain of being Hierarchy of life Lamarckism One gene -- one enzyme hypothesis Protocell RNA world hypothesis Sequence hypothesis Spontaneous generation History Classical antiquity Aristotle Aristotle 's biology On Generation and Corruption History of Animals Theophrastus Historia Plantarum Dioscorides De Materia Medica Galen Renaissance , Early Modern Conrad Gessner Historia animalium Andreas Vesalius De humani corporis fabrica William Harvey De Motu Cordis Frederik Ruysch Jan Swammerdam Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Robert Hooke Micrographia Francesco Redi Evolution 19th century Linnaeus Systema Naturae Buffon Histoire Naturelle Lamarck Philosophie Zoologique Humboldt Charles Lyell Principles of Geology Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species The Descent of Man Gregor Mendel Alfred Russel Wallace Martinus Beijerinck Henry Walter Bates Modern synthesis William Bateson Theodosius Dobzhansky Genetics and the Origin of Species R.A. 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Daddy 's Home 2 - Wikipedia Daddy 's Home 2 Jump to : navigation , search This article 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise . ( March 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Daddy 's Home 2 Theatrical release poster Directed by Sean Anders Produced by Will Ferrell Adam McKay Chris Henchy John Morris Screenplay by Sean Anders John Morris Based on Characters by Brian Burns Starring Will Ferrell Mark Wahlberg Linda Cardellini John Cena John Lithgow Mel Gibson Music by Michael Andrews Cinematography Julio Macat Edited by Brad Wilhite Production companies Gary Sanchez Productions Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date November 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 05 ) ( Regency Village Theater ) November 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 10 ) ( United States ) Running time 100 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $69 million Box office $180.6 million Daddy 's Home 2 is a 2017 American Christmas comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders and John Morris . A sequel to Daddy 's Home ( 2015 ) , it stars Will Ferrell , Mark Wahlberg , Linda Cardellini , John Cena , John Lithgow and Mel Gibson . The plot follows now reformed - fathers Brad and Dusty ( Ferrell and Wahlberg ) , now co-parenting Dusty 's kids , who have to deal with their own fathers ( Lithgow and Gibson ) visiting for the holidays . Principal photography on the film began in Massachusetts in March 2017 and it was released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on November 10 , 2017 . Although the film received unfavorable reviews , it has grossed over $180 million worldwide on a $69 million budget . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Filming 4 Release 4.1 Home media 5 Reception 5.1 Box office 5.2 Critical response 5.3 Accolades 6 References 7 External links Plot ( edit ) After finally becoming friends at the end of the first film , Brad Whittaker and Dusty Mayron have a co-dad system where their two children , Megan and Dylan , take turns at each father 's house . Dusty has also remarried , this time to Karen , a writer , and is stepdad to Adrianna , Karen 's daughter . Brad and his wife , Sara , along with Dusty and Karen , attend a school play for Megan , where she announces to the whole audience that she does n't like the fact that she has to go back and forth to different houses all the time . Back at the house , after the play , Brad and Dusty decide to do away with having two separate Christmases and instead do one `` together Christmas '' . Dusty , however , finds out his tough fighter pilot / astronaut father Kurt ( Mel Gibson ) is coming for Christmas . At the airport the next day , Dusty tells Brad that his father is going to make fun of them since he wo n't understand their co-dad arrangement . When Kurt arrives , he mistakes Brad for a chauffeur . When Dusty explains that Brad is the stepdad to his children , Kurt does n't like it . Brad 's overbearing and over-cheerful dad , Don , arrives next , unnerving Kurt . Don tells Brad that his mother did n't come along , because she is taking care of Brad 's Uncle who is n't feeling well . Back at the house , Megan and Dylan warmly embrace Don , since he is very present in their lives , while Kurt has n't seen the children since they were toddlers . Kurt rents a large cabin through Airbnb , to house all of them through the holiday week . As Brad and Dusty pack the bags into the car , Dusty tells Brad that Kurt thinks the two men are harboring bad feelings for each other , but are just hiding it from everyone by pretending to be friends . When Kurt comes up , they change the subject . Throughout the week , Brad and Dusty 's co-dad relationship is put to the test by Kurt 's meddling . Meanwhile , Dusty tries to get close to his stepdaughter , Adrianna , but she does n't like him and repeatedly tells him that he is n't her father . Sara also tries to bond with Karen but is taken aback by some of Karen 's actions , like shoplifting clothes from a store . Dylan develops a crush on a little girl staying in the cabin next door . He gets made fun of it by Megan and Adrianna . The next day , the family goes out to take the kids to see Santa . While there , Kurt convinces Dylan to ask Santa for a shotgun , which he does ask for . Brad and Sara tell Dylan that a shotgun for hunting means that a poor innocent animal will lose its life . This convinces Dylan to change his mind , but Megan instead decides she wants to go hunting . While out hunting the next day , Megan accidentally shoots Kurt in the shoulder , sending him to the hospital . At the hospital , Dusty and Kurt begin to bond after they almost begin fighting when Kurt tries to leave the hospital . That night , Brad , Dusty , Don & Kurt go to an improv comedy club where the four men are relaxing and having a good time watching the show . Kurt gets up to go get another drink at the bar . Dusty sees Kurt picking up a woman at the bar and leaves with her . Brad enters Don into the improv show , and Dusty chooses a topic of a husband confronting his cheating wife as the subject of an improv skit . As the skit progresses , it is revealed that Don has separated from his wife in real life . The audience believes that this is all part of the show , even when Brad tries to tell the audience that it is not . The next day , Brad confronts Dusty . After Dusty reveals that he chose the infidelity subject for the improv game because he wanted to get back at Brad , because of how Brad has a good relationship with Don . Brad says he knows that is why Dusty chose that particular topic and to get back at Dusty ; Brad has invited Adrianna 's real dad , Roger , to the cabin for Christmas . That evening , the entire family takes part in a Christmas manger representation . Brad gets into a fight with Dusty after Brad wants to play Joseph , which Dusty is currently playing . This breaks out in front of a crowd that is watching . Instead of Dusty fighting Brad , he almost comes to blows with Roger . The next morning , Christmas Day , the families all pack up to leave . On their way out of town , the families are forced back to town on account of a blizzard . They are forced to take shelter at a movie theater . With every other movie being sold out , due to the huge influx of business from other families seeking shelter at the theater , both families go to see the last movie available : Missile Tow , a fictitious Liam Neeson holiday action film . When the power cuts off during the movie , the families go to the lobby where each man confronts their father about the secrets , lies , and attitudes . Don confronts Brad about not telling him the truth about his divorce , while Dusty tries to talk to Kurt . When Dylan sees the girl he has a crush on , is also there at the theater , he is teased again by Megan and Adrianna . After remembering some advice given to him by Kurt , Dylan walks toward her to kiss her . All of a sudden , he does n't kiss her , but instead kisses Adrianna , his stepsister . Roger gets freaked out and attempts to leave with Adrianna , but is confronted by Dusty . He deduces that the reason why Adrianna has n't warmed up to him is that he has never told her that he loves her , which he does . He also tells Roger that loving Adrianna means loving her real father as well since he is also part of the family . Roger almost leaves without Adrianna , but has a change of heart after everyone breaks out into a song of Do They Know It 's Christmas ? and decides to stay . Don and Brad also reconcile . Sometime later , at the airport , Don and Kurt are preparing to leave to head back to their respective homes . Kurt heads with Don up the terminal escalators , where he reveals to Don that he switched out the tickets and they 're going to spend New Years in Las Vegas . As Brad 's mom 's flight arrives , Dusty and Brad discover that Brad 's new stepdad is Chesley `` Sully '' Sullenberger , the pilot of the `` Miracle on the Hudson '' flight . Brad and Dusty remember that they watched the film `` Sully '' together not too long ago and Brad appears to be welcoming towards him . Brad runs down the terminal and says that Sully will never replace his father , because Sully has only one great personal story , whereas his father has thousands of stories . Cast ( edit ) Will Ferrell as Brad Whitaker Mark Wahlberg as Dusty Mayron Mel Gibson as Kurt Mayron John Lithgow as Don Whitaker Linda Cardellini as Sara Whitaker John Cena as Roger Scarlett Estevez as Megan Mayron Owen Vaccaro as Dylan Mayron Alessandra Ambrosio as Karen Mayron Didi Costine as Adrianna Chesley Sullenberger as himself Liam Neeson as himself Bill Burr as Jerry Production ( edit ) In April 2016 , the sequel was announced , with Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg reprising their roles , Sean Anders and John Morris writing the script , and Anders directing . In January 2017 , it was reported that Mel Gibson and John Lithgow were being sought to play the main characters ' fathers in the film . The two were later confirmed to star , along with Linda Cardellini , John Cena , Owen Vaccaro and Scarlett Estevez , reprising their roles . Filming ( edit ) Principal photography began on March 20 , 2017 . Scenes were filmed in Concord , Massachusetts , Framingham , Massachusetts , and Great Barrington , Massachusetts . Release ( edit ) The film was released in the United States on November 10 , 2017 . Home media ( edit ) Daddy 's Home 2 was released on Digital HD on February 6 , 2018 , and was released on Blu - ray and DVD on February 20 , 2018 . Reception ( edit ) Box office ( edit ) Daddy 's Home 2 grossed $103.8 million in the United States and Canada , and $76.6 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $180.4 million , against a production budget of $69 million . In the United States and Canada , Daddy 's Home 2 opened alongside Murder on the Orient Express , and was projected to gross around $20 million from 3,575 theaters in its opening weekend . The film made $10.7 million on its first day , including $1.5 million from Thursday night previews at 2,500 theaters , up from the $1.2 million made by the first film . It went on to debut to $29.7 million , finishing second at the box office , behind holdover Thor : Ragnarok ( $57 million ) . In its second weekend the film made $14.4 million ( a drop of 51.3 % ) , finishing 4th behind Justice League , Wonder and Thor : Ragnarok . Critical response ( edit ) On Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 19 % based on 111 reviews , and an average rating of 3.8 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` A formulaic comedy that 's unlikely to spread much yuletide merriment , Daddy 's Home 2 can only muster a few stray yuks from its talented cast . '' On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 30 out of 100 based on 26 critics , indicating `` generally unfavorable reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A − '' on an A+ to F scale . Alonso Duralde of TheWrap was critical of what he described as the film 's sloppiness and laziness , saying , `` Director Sean Anders and his co-writer John Morris execute what are supposed to be the laughs with blunt force . The jokes announce themselves with heavy footsteps , and almost none of them land , stranding a talented cast with terrible material that they 're straining to sell . '' Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun - Times gave the film 1 out of 4 stars , saying : `` After enduring last week 's lousy and lazy A Bad Moms Christmas , I would have bet it would be many a year before we 'd see another holiday comedy more sour and cynical and profoundly unfunny . I sit corrected . '' Glenn Kenny of RogerEbert.com gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars , writing , `` I found the sequel better than the original -- the writing sharper , the jokes fresher and smarter , the comic interaction between the lead characters consistently engaging . I mentioned this to my incredulous wife , who said , ' So you 're saying it 's the Godfather , Part 2 of the Daddy 's Home series ' . '' Accolades ( edit ) Year Award Subject Result 2018 Golden Raspberry Awards Worst Actor Mark Wahlberg Nominated Worst Supporting Actor Mel Gibson Won References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Daddy 's Home 2 '' . AMC Theatres . Retrieved October 22 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Daddy 's Home 2 ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved February 18 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Fleming , Mike , Jr. ( April 22 , 2016 ) . `` Will Ferrell & Mark Wahlberg Set ' Daddy 's Home ' Sequel At Paramount '' . Deadline . Retrieved March 20 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Fleming , Mike , Jr . ( January 30 , 2017 ) . `` Mel Gibson , John Lithgow Circling ' Daddy 's Home ' Sequel '' . Deadline . Retrieved January 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( February 15 , 2017 ) . `` Mel Gibson and John Lithgow Join ' Daddy 's Home ' Sequel '' . Variety . Retrieved March 20 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Fleming Jr , Mike ( March 10 , 2017 ) . `` John Cena Back For ' Daddy 's Home 2 ' '' . Deadline . Retrieved November 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Daddy 's Home 2 '' ( PDF ) . Directors Guild of America . Retrieved March 20 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Lee , Ashley ( February 1 , 2017 ) . `` Paramount Sets ' Daddy 's Home 2 ' for November Release '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved February 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Daddys Home 2 Blu - ray , 4k & Digital Release Dates Announced '' . HD Report . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Daddy 's Home 2 ( 2017 ) '' . DVDs Release Date . Retrieved 9 January 2018 . Jump up ^ Anthony D'Alessandro ( October 25 , 2017 ) . `` ' Thor ' Rocks On With $10.8 M Tuesday ; Will Continue To Strike Lightning In Second Weekend With $60 M '' . ^ Jump up to : Anthony D'Alessandro ( November 11 , 2017 ) . `` ' Daddy 's Home 2 ' Higher Than ' The Orient Express ' In A ' Ragnarok ' - Ruled Weekend -- Early Sunday AM Update '' . Retrieved November 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( November 19 , 2017 ) . `` ' Justice League ' Encounters Kryptonite At The B.O. With $96 M Opening : Why The DC Movie Weakened -- Sunday AM Update '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved November 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Daddy 's Home 2 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved 21 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Daddy 's Home 2 Reviews '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 21 February 2018 . Jump up ^ Alonso Duralde ( November 9 , 2017 ) . `` ' Daddy 's Home 2 ' Film Review : Mark Wahlberg and Will Ferrell Listlessly Pack This Stocking With Coal '' . TheWrap . Retrieved November 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Roeper , Richard ( November 9 , 2017 ) . `` In ' Daddy 's Home 2 ' universe , no one acts human and no one is funny '' . Chicago Sun Times . Retrieved November 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Glenn Kenny ( November 10 , 2017 ) . `` ' Daddy 's Home 2 ' '' . RogerEbert.com . Retrieved November 11 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Daddy 's Home 2 on IMDb ( hide ) Films directed by Sean Anders Never Been Thawed ( 2005 ) Sex Drive ( 2008 ) That 's My Boy ( 2012 ) Horrible Bosses 2 ( 2014 ) Daddy 's Home ( 2015 ) Daddy 's Home 2 ( 2017 ) Instant Family ( TBA ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daddy%27s_Home_2&oldid=836684140 '' Categories : 2017 films English - language films 2010s comedy films 2010s sequel films American Christmas films American comedy films American films American sequel films Films about dysfunctional families Films directed by Sean Anders Films shot in Massachusetts Gary Sanchez Productions films Paramount Pictures films Screenplays by Adam McKay Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention from March 2018 All Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español فارسی Français Gaeilge Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Русский Türkçe Українська 中文 7 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 April 2018 , at 07 : 26 . 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Question: what state did they film daddy's home 2


Does he love You - wikipedia Does he love You Jump to : navigation , search `` Does He Love You '' Single by Reba McEntire with Linda Davis from the album Greatest Hits Volume Two B - side `` Straight From You '' Released August 28 , 1993 Format 7 '' single Genre Country Length 4 : 19 Label MCA Nashville Songwriter ( s ) Sandy Knox Billy Stritch Producer ( s ) Tony Brown Reba McEntire Reba McEntire singles chronology `` It 's Your Call '' ( 1993 ) `` Does He Love You '' ( 1993 ) `` They Asked About You '' ( 1994 ) `` It 's Your Call '' ( 1993 ) `` Does He Love You '' ( 1993 ) `` They Asked About You '' ( 1994 ) Linda Davis singles chronology `` He Is n't My Affair Anymore '' ( 1992 ) He Is n't My Affair Anymore1992 `` Does He Love You '' ( 1993 ) Does He Love You1993 `` Love Did n't Do It '' ( 1994 ) Love Did n't Do It1994 `` Does He Love You '' is a song written by Sandy Knox and Billy Stritch , and recorded as a duet by American country music artists Reba McEntire and Linda Davis . It was released in August 1993 as the first single from Reba 's album Greatest Hits Volume Two . It is one of country music 's several songs about a love triangle . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Content 3 Music Video 4 Track list 5 Chart performance 5.1 Year - end charts 6 References History ( edit ) `` Does He Love You '' was written in 1982 by Billy Stritch . He recorded it with a trio in which he performed at the time , because he wanted a song that could be sung by the other two members of the trio , both of whom were women . It had been pitched to Barbara Mandrell , Frank Sinatra , and Liza Minnelli , but McEntire ended up recording it . She had wanted to include Linda Davis , then a vocalist in her road band , as a duet partner . McEntire 's husband and manager , Narvel Blackstock , told her that MCA Records `` would rather ( she ) record this with somebody more established '' , such as Wynonna Judd or Trisha Yearwood , both of whom were on the same label at the time . McEntire called Tony Brown , then working as a record producer for both her and Judd . Brown told her that Judd might record the song if McEntire asked her personally , but added that Judd did not want to record songs about `` marital problems '' . McEntire submitted a demo to Judd and , after not hearing back from her , recorded the song with Davis in June 1993 . The single went on to win the Grammy award for Best Country Vocal Collaboration , a Country Music Association Award for Vocal Event of the Year , and a TNN / Music City News award for Best Vocal Collaboration . In 1996 , Minnelli released the song as a duet with Donna Summer , from Minnelli 's album , `` Gently '' . In 1997 , it appeared on Patti LaBelle 's album , `` Flame '' . Content ( edit ) The song features a vocal battle between two female narrators who are in love with the same man . Both women know that the man is being unfaithful to them and are wondering who he truly loves . Music video ( edit ) The big - budget , Jon Small - directed video was filmed over 3 days in mid-1993 . It begins with Reba in her dressing room wearing a lilac feather gown , where she sees a picture of her lover , which she glances at . It then shows Linda as a professional actress at a movie premiere , then cuts back to Reba smashing the picture with a metal object . Reba shows up in a limo with the same man . The two women are seen then in a photo shoot with Linda holding an award and the man in the background . The picture is taken , but it shows Reba losing focus for some reason . The next scene shows Linda and the man flirting in a hotel bar . Reba appears wearing a white shower cloak , standing behind a glass and wood wall , as if not to be noticed by Linda . She sees what is really going on , and Linda notices her , only to come over to her and begin singing the second chorus . Reba stays behind the wall the whole time , while Linda is in front of her . It then briefly goes back to the dressing room , where Reba continues to smash her lover 's picture . The next scene shows Reba approaching Linda 's house in the pouring rain at night , while Linda stands on her porch as they sing the bridge . The scene then shifts to the next day , where Reba watches from afar as Linda and the man are seen on a speedboat , where he hugs her , implying that Linda is who he truly loves . Reba finally smiles at Linda as the boat leaves the dock . After the song is complete , the boat collapses and goes up in flames as the director ( portrayed by actor Rob Reiner ) yells `` cut '' and shows Reba and the crew the footage as the screen pans up to show the set and sky . The last day of shooting coincided with the last day of filming for the 1993 movie North ( in which Reba stars and Reiner directed ) , and because of this , Reba 's final outfit seen in the video was the same one she wore in the movie . Track list ( edit ) United Kingdom Maxi single CD1 `` Does He Love You '' ( Album Version ) `` Does He Love You '' ( Live ) `` I 'll Be '' ( Live ) United Kingdom Maxi single CD2 `` Does He Love You '' ( Album Version ) `` The Greatest Man I Never Knew '' ( Live ) `` What If '' Chart performance ( edit ) Chart ( 1993 ) Peak position Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) Chart ( 1999 ) Peak position UK Singles Chart 62 Australian Singles Chart 59 Sweden Singles Chart 72 Year - end charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1993 ) Position Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) 52 US Country Songs ( Billboard ) 40 References ( edit ) Jump up ^ McEntire , Reba ; Carver , Tom ( 1994 ) . Reba : My Story . Bantam Books . pp. 272 -- 273 . Jump up ^ `` And the Winners Are ... '' The New York Times . The New York Times Company . 1994 - 03 - 02 . pp. C 22 . Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Country Tracks : Issue 2296 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . November 13 , 1993 . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Reba McEntire Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1993 '' . RPM . December 18 , 1993 . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Best of 1993 : Country Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 1993 . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . Preceded by `` Easy Come , Easy Go '' by George Strait Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks number - one single November 6 , 1993 Succeeded by `` She Used to Be Mine '' by Brooks & Dunn RPM Country Tracks number - one single November 13 , 1993 Reba McEntire 1990s singles Sweet Sixteen `` Walk On '' Rumor Has It `` You Lie '' `` Rumor Has It '' `` Fancy '' `` Fallin ' Out of Love '' For My Broken Heart `` For My Broken Heart '' `` Is There Life Out There '' `` The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia '' `` The Greatest Man I Never Knew '' It 's Your Call `` Take It Back '' `` The Heart Wo n't Lie '' ( with Vince Gill ) `` It 's Your Call '' Greatest Hits Volume Two `` Does He Love You '' ( with Linda Davis ) `` They Asked About You '' Read My Mind `` Why Have n't I Heard from You '' `` She Thinks His Name Was John '' `` Till You Love Me '' `` The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter '' `` And Still '' Starting Over `` On My Own '' `` Ring on Her Finger , Time on Her Hands '' `` Starting Over Again '' `` You Keep Me Hangin ' On '' What If It 's You `` The Fear of Being Alone '' `` How Was I to Know '' `` I 'd Rather Ride Around with You '' `` What If It 's You '' If You See Him `` If You See Him / If You See Her '' ( with Brooks & Dunn ) `` Forever Love '' `` Wrong Night '' `` One Honest Heart '' So Good Together `` What Do You Say '' Other songs `` What If '' Guest singles `` Oklahoma Swing '' ( with Vince Gill ) Linda Davis Studio albums In a Different Light Linda Davis Shoot for the Moon Some Things Are Meant to Be I 'm Yours Love Remains ( w / the Scott family ) Notable singles `` Some Things Are Meant to Be '' `` A Love Story in the Making '' `` I Wanna Remember This '' `` I 'm Yours '' Guest singles `` Does He Love You '' ( with Reba McEntire ) Related articles Hillary Scott ( daughter ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Does_He_Love_You&oldid=822585165 '' Categories : 1993 singles 1993 songs Billboard Hot Country Songs number - one singles Reba McEntire songs Linda Davis songs Liza Minnelli songs Donna Summer songs Patti LaBelle songs Vocal duets RPM Country Tracks number - one singles Song recordings produced by Tony Brown ( record producer ) MCA Records singles Hidden categories : Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Articles with hAudio microformats Singlechart usages for Canadacountry Singlechart called without artist Singlechart called without song Singlechart usages for Billboardcountrysongs Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 27 January 2018 , at 07 : 05 . 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Question: who sang the song with reba does he love you


Organ ( anatomy ) - wikipedia Organ ( anatomy ) Jump to : navigation , search `` Viscera '' redirects here . For other meanings , see Viscera ( disambiguation ) . `` Organs '' redirects here . For other uses , see Organ . Organ Many of the internal organs of the human body Details Pronunciation awr - guh n System Organ systems Identifiers Latin organi Greek Οργανο FMA 67498 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) Organs are collections of tissues with a similar function . Plant and animal life relies on many organs that coexist in organ systems . Organs are composed of main tissue , parenchyma , and `` sporadic '' tissues , stroma . The main tissue is that which is unique for the specific organ , such as the myocardium , the main tissue of the heart , while sporadic tissues include the nerves , blood vessels , and connective tissues . The main tissues that make up an organ tend to have common embryologic origins , such as arising from the same germ layer . Functionally related organs often cooperate to form whole organ systems . Organs exist in all organisms . In single - celled organisms such as bacteria the functional analogue of an organ is known as an organelle . In plants there are three main organs . A hollow organ is a visceral organ that forms a hollow tube , or pouch such as the stomach , intestine , or bladder . In the study of anatomy , the term viscus is used to refer to an internal organ , and viscera is the plural form . By one widely used definition of the term organ , 80 organs have been scientifically validated in the human body . Contents ( hide ) 1 Structure 1.1 Tissue 1.2 Organ systems 2 Function 2.1 Mammals 2.2 Plants 3 Society and culture 4 History 4.1 Antiquity 4.2 Modern times 5 Origin and evolution 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Structure ( edit ) Tissue ( edit ) In biology , tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and complete organs . A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function . Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues . The study of human and animal tissues is known as histology or , in connection with disease , histopathology . For plants , the discipline is called plant anatomy . The classical tools for studying tissues are the paraffin block in which tissue is embedded and then sectioned , the histological stain , and the optical microscope . In the last couple of decades , developments in electron microscopy , immunofluorescence , and the use of frozen tissue sections have enhanced the detail that can be observed in tissues . With these tools , the classical appearances of tissues can be examined in health and disease , enabling considerable refinement of medical diagnosis and prognosis . Organ systems ( edit ) Main article : Biological system See also : List of organs of the human body Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific body function form an organ system , also called a biological system or body system . The functions of organ systems often share significant overlap . For instance , the nervous and endocrine system both operate via a shared organ , the hypothalamus . For this reason , the two systems are combined and studied as the neuroendocrine system . The same is true for the musculoskeletal system because of the relationship between the muscular and skeletal systems . Function ( edit ) Mammals ( edit ) The liver and gallbladder of a sheep Mammals such as humans have a variety of organ systems . These specific systems are also widely studied in human anatomy . Cardiovascular system : pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart , blood and blood vessels . Digestive system : digestion and processing food with salivary glands , esophagus , stomach , liver , gallbladder , pancreas , intestines , colon , rectum and anus . Endocrine system : communication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus , pituitary gland , pineal body or pineal gland , thyroid , parathyroids and adrenals , i.e. , adrenal glands . Excretory system : kidneys , ureters , bladder and urethra involved in fluid balance , electrolyte balance and excretion of urine . Lymphatic system : structures involved in the transfer of lymph between tissues and the blood stream , the lymph and the nodes and vessels that transport it including the Immune system : defending against disease - causing agents with leukocytes , tonsils , adenoids , thymus and spleen . Integumentary system : skin , hair and nails . Muscular system : movement with muscles . Nervous system : collecting , transferring and processing information with brain , spinal cord and nerves . Reproductive system : the sex organs , such as ovaries , fallopian tubes , uterus , vulva , vagina , testes , vas deferens , seminal vesicles , prostate and penis . Respiratory system : the organs used for breathing , the pharynx , larynx , trachea , bronchi , lungs and diaphragm . Skeletal system : structural support and protection with bones , cartilage , ligaments and tendons . Plants ( edit ) See also : Plant anatomy The flower is the angiosperm 's reproductive organ . This Hibiscus flower is hermaphroditic , and it contains stamen and pistils . Strobilus of Equisetum telmateia The study of plant organs is referred to as plant morphology , rather than anatomy , as in animal systems . Organs of plants can be divided into vegetative and reproductive . Vegetative plant organs are roots , stems , and leaves . The reproductive organs are variable . In flowering plants , they are represented by the flower , seed and fruit . In conifers , the organ that bears the reproductive structures is called a cone . In other divisions ( phyla ) of plants , the reproductive organs are called strobili , in Lycopodiophyta , or simply gametophores in mosses . The vegetative organs are essential for maintaining the life of a plant . While there can be 11 organ systems in animals , there are far fewer in plants , where some perform the vital functions , such as photosynthesis , while the reproductive organs are essential in reproduction . However , if there is asexual vegetative reproduction , the vegetative organs are those that create the new generation of plants ( see clonal colony ) . Society and culture ( edit ) Many societies have a system for Organ donation , in which a living or deceased donor 's organ is transplanted into a person with a failing organ . The transplantation of larger solid organs often requires immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection or graft vs host disease . There is considerable interest throughout the world in creating laboratory - grown or artificial organs . History ( edit ) Human viscera This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( February 2018 ) The English word `` organism '' is a neologism coined in the 17th century , probably formed from the verb to organize . At first the word referred to an organization or social system . The meaning of a living animal or plant is first recorded in 1842 . Plant organs are made from tissue built up from different types of tissue . When there are three or more organs it is called an organ system . The adjective visceral , also splanchnic , is used for anything pertaining to the internal organs . Historically , viscera of animals were examined by Roman pagan priests like the haruspices or the augurs in order to divine the future by their shape , dimensions or other factors . This practice remains an important ritual in some remote , tribal societies . The term `` visceral '' is contrasted with the term `` parietal '' , meaning `` of or relating to the wall of a body part , organ or cavity '' The two terms are often used in describing a membrane or piece of connective tissue , referring to the opposing sides . Antiquity ( edit ) Aristotle used the word frequently in his philosophy , both to describe the organs of plants or animals ( e.g. the roots of a tree , the heart or liver of an animal ) , and to describe more abstract `` parts '' of an interconnected whole ( e.g. his philosophical works , taken as a whole , are referred to as the `` organon '' ) . Some alchemists ( e.g. Paracelsus ) adopted the Hermetic Qabalah assignment between the seven vital organs and the seven classical planets as follows : Planet Organ Sun Heart Moon Brain Mercury Lungs Venus Kidneys Mars Gall bladder Jupiter Liver Saturn Spleen Modern times ( edit ) The variations in natural language definitions of what constitutes an organ , their degree of precision , and the variations in how they map to ontologies and taxonomies in information science ( for example , to count how many organs exist in a typical human body ) are topics explored by writer Carl Engelking of Discover magazine in 2017 as he analyzed the science journalism coverage of the evolving scientific understanding of the mesentery . He explored a challenge now faced by anatomists : as human understanding of ontology generally ( that is , how things are defined , and how the relationship of one thing to another is defined ) meets applied ontology and ontology engineering , unification of varying views is in higher demand . However , such unification always faces epistemologic frontiers , as humans can only declare computer ontologies with certainty and finality to the extent that their own cognitive taxonomy ( that is , science 's understanding of the universe ) is certain and final . For example , the fact that the tissues of the mesentery are continuous was something that was simply not known for sure until it was demonstrated with microscopy . Because humans can not predict all future scientific discoveries , they can not build a unified ontology that is totally certain and will never again change . However , one of the points made by an anatomist interviewed by Engelking is that , finality aside , much more could be done even now to represent existing human knowledge more clearly for computing purposes . Origin and evolution ( edit ) Relationship of major animal lineages with indication of how long ago these animals shared a common ancestor . On the left , important organs are shown , which allows us to determine how long ago these may have evolved . The organ level of organisation in animals can be first detected in flatworms and the more derived phyla . The less - advanced taxa ( like Placozoa , Sponges and Radiata ) do not show consolidation of their tissues into organs . Complex animals are composed of organs and many of these organs evolved a very long time ago . For example , the liver evolved in the stem vertebrates more than 500 million years ago , while the gut and brain are even more ancient , arising in the ancestor of vertebrates , insects , and worms more than 600 million years ago . Given the ancient origin of most vertebrate organs , researchers have looked for model systems , where organs have evolved more recently , and ideally have evolved multiple times independently . An outstanding model for this kind of research is the placenta , which has evolved more than 100 times independently in vertebrates , has evolved relatively recently in some lineages , and exists in intermediate forms in extant taxa . Studies on the evolution of the placenta have identified a variety of genetic and physiological processes that contribute to the origin and evolution of organs , these include the re-purposing of existing animal tissues , the acquisition of new functional properties by these tissues , and novel interactions of distinct tissue types . See also ( edit ) Biology portal Medicine portal Organoid References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Definition of Organ '' . Dictionary.com . Dictionary Group ( likely Random House ) . Jump up ^ Widmaier EP ; Raff H ; Strang KT ( 2014 ) . Vander 's Human Physiology ( 12th ed . ) . ISBN 978 - 0 - 07 - 128366 - 3 . Jump up ^ `` Botany / Plant structure - Wikibooks , open books for an open world '' . en.wikibooks.org . Jump up ^ `` Viscus - Definition '' . Merriam - Webster Online Dictionary . Retrieved 14 December 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Viscera '' . MeSH . Retrieved 14 December 2009 . Jump up ^ `` New organ named in digestive system '' . BBC News . 2017 . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 05 . Jump up ^ `` '' It was astonishing , almost too good to be true. `` '' . metafilter . Retrieved 28 March 2018 . Jump up ^ Barnhart 's Concise Dictionary of Etymology Jump up ^ `` Organ System - Definition and Examples Biology Dictionary '' . Biology Dictionary . 2016 - 10 - 31 . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 10 . Jump up ^ `` Parietal -- Learning brain structure , function and variability from neuroimaging data '' . team.inria.fr . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 10 . Jump up ^ Philip Ball , The Devil 's Doctor : Paracelsus and the World of Renaissance Magic and Science , ISBN 978 - 0 - 09 - 945787 - 9 ^ Jump up to : Engelking , Carl ( 2017 - 01 - 06 ) , `` We got the mesentery news all wrong '' , The Crux ( a group blog by Discover writers ) . Jump up ^ Coffey , J Calvin ; O'Leary , D Peter ( 2016 ) . `` The mesentery : structure , function , and role in disease '' . The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 1 ( 3 ) : 238 -- 247 . doi : 10.1016 / S2468 - 1253 ( 16 ) 30026 - 7 . ^ Jump up to : Griffith , Oliver W. ; Wagner , G ? nter P. ( 23 March 2017 ) . `` The placenta as a model for understanding the origin and evolution of vertebrate organs '' . Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 ( 4 ) : 0072 . doi : 10.1038 / s41559 - 017 - 0072 . External links ( edit ) Media related to Organs ( anatomy ) at Wikimedia Commons Human systems and organs Musculoskeletal Skeletal system Bone Carpus Collar bone ( clavicle ) Thigh bone ( femur ) Fibula Humerus Mandible Metacarpus Metatarsus Ossicles Patella Phalanges Radius Skull Tarsus Tibia Ulna Rib Vertebra Pelvis Sternum Cartilage Joints Fibrous joint Cartilaginous joint Synovial joint Muscular system Muscle Tendon Diaphragm Circulatory system Cardiovascular system peripheral Artery Vein Lymphatic vessel Heart Lymphatic system primary Bone marrow Thymus secondary Spleen Lymph node CNS equivalent Glymphatic system Nervous system Brain Spinal cord Nerve Sensory system Ear Eye Integumentary system Skin Subcutaneous tissue Breast Mammary gland Immune system Myeloid Myeloid immune system Lymphoid Lymphoid immune system Respiratory system Upper Nose Nasopharynx Larynx Lower Trachea Bronchus Lung Digestive system Mouth Salivary gland Tongue upper GI Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Esophagus Stomach lower GI Small intestine Appendix Colon Rectum Anus accessory Liver Biliary tract Pancreas Urinary system Genitourinary system Kidney Ureter Bladder Urethra Reproductive system Female Uterus Vagina Vulva Ovary Placenta Male Scrotum Penis Prostate Testicle Seminal vesicle Endocrine system Pituitary Pineal Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Islets of Langerhans Hierarchy of life Biosphere > Biome > Ecosystem > Biocoenosis > Population > Organism > Organ system > Organ > Tissue > Cell > Organelle > Biomolecular complex > Macromolecule > Biomolecule GND : 4043769 - 3 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organ_(anatomy)&oldid=835155069 '' Categories : Organ systems Organs ( anatomy ) Hidden categories : Pages with unresolved properties Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018 Articles to be expanded from February 2018 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015 Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Aragonés ܐܪܡܝܐ Asturianu Avañe'ẽ Авар বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца )  Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Chavacano de Zamboanga Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Gaelg Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua IsiXhosa Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ Kapampangan ქართული Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Лакку Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Limburgs Magyar Македонски മലയാളം მარგალური Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाल भाषा 日本 語 Napulitano Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Олык марий ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русиньскый Русский Саха тыла Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English سنڌي Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Vèneto Tiếng Việt Võro Winaray ייִדיש 粵語 中文 94 more Edit links This page was last edited on 6 April 2018 , at 22 : 04 . 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Question: referring to the organs of reproduction is called


Accounts receivable - wikipedia Accounts receivable Jump to : navigation , search Accounting Historical cost Constant purchasing power Management Tax Major types ( show ) Auditing Cost Forensic Financial Fund Governmental Management Social Tax Key concepts ( show ) Accounting period Accrual Constant purchasing power Economic entity Fair value Going concern Historical cost Matching principle Materiality Revenue recognition Unit of account Selected accounts ( show ) Assets Cash Cost of goods sold Depreciation / Amortization Equity Expenses Goodwill Liabilities Profit Revenue Accounting standards ( show ) Generally - accepted principles Generally - accepted auditing standards Convergence International Financial Reporting Standards International Standards on Auditing Management Accounting Principles Financial statements ( show ) Annual report Balance sheet Cash - flow Equity Income Management discussion Notes to the financial statements Bookkeeping ( show ) Bank reconciliation Debits and credits Double - entry system FIFO and LIFO Journal Ledger / General ledger T accounts Trial balance Auditing ( show ) Financial Internal Firms Report People and organizations ( show ) Accountants Accounting organizations Luca Pacioli Development ( show ) History Research Positive accounting Sarbanes -- Oxley Act Business portal Accounts receivable is a legally enforceable claim for payment held by a business for goods supplied and / or services rendered that customers / clients have ordered but not paid for . These are generally in the form of invoices raised by a business and delivered to the customer for payment within an agreed time frame . Accounts receivable is shown in a balance sheet as an asset . It is one of a series of accounting transactions dealing with the billing of a customer for goods and services that the customer has ordered . These may be distinguished from notes receivable , which are debts created through formal legal instruments called promissory notes . Contents ( hide ) 1 Overview 2 Payment terms 3 Accounts Receivable Age Analysis 4 Bookkeeping 5 Special uses 6 Related accounting topics 7 See also 8 Notes and references Overview ( edit ) Accounts receivable represents money owed by entities to the firm on the sale of products or services on credit . In most business entities , accounts receivable is typically executed by generating an invoice and either mailing or electronically delivering it to the customer , who , in turn , must pay it within an established timeframe , called credit terms or payment terms . The accounts receivable department uses the sales ledger , because a sales ledger normally records : The sales a business has made . The amount of money received for goods or services . The amount of money owed at the end of each month varies ( debtors ) . The accounts receivable team is in charge of receiving funds on behalf of a company and applying it towards their current pending balances . Collections and cashiering teams are part of the accounts receivable department . While the collections department seeks the debtor , the cashiering team applies the monies received . Payment terms ( edit ) An example of a common payment term is Net 30 days , which means that payment is due at the end of 30 days from the date of invoice . The debtor is free to pay before the due date ; businesses can offer a discount for early payment . Other common payment terms include Net 45 , Net 60 and 30 days end of month . The creditor may be able to charge late fees or interest if the amount is not paid by the due date . Booking a receivable is accomplished by a simple accounting transaction ; however , the process of maintaining and collecting payments on the accounts receivable subsidiary account balances can be a full - time proposition . Depending on the industry in practice , accounts receivable payments can be received up to 10 -- 15 days after the due date has been reached . These types of payment practices are sometimes developed by industry standards , corporate policy , or because of the financial condition of the client . Since not all customer debts will be collected , businesses typically estimate the amount of and then record an allowance for doubtful accounts which appears on the balance sheet as a contra account that offsets total accounts receivable . When accounts receivable are not paid , some companies turn them over to third party collection agencies or collection attorneys who will attempt to recover the debt via negotiating payment plans , settlement offers or pursuing other legal action . Outstanding advances are part of accounts receivable if a company gets an order from its customers with payment terms agreed upon in advance . Since billing is done to claim the advances several times , this area of collectible is not reflected in accounts receivables . Ideally , since advance payment occurs within a mutually agreed - upon term , it is the responsibility of the accounts department to periodically take out the statement showing advance collectible and should be provided to sales & marketing for collection of advances . The payment of accounts receivable can be protected either by a letter of credit or by Trade Credit Insurance . Accounts receivable Age analysis ( edit ) An Accountants Receivable Age Analysis , also known as the Debtors Book is divided in categories for current , 30 days , 60 days , 90 days or longer . The analysis or report is commonly known as an Aged Trial Balance . Customers are typically listed in alphabetic order or by the amount outstanding , or according to the company chart of accounts . Zero balances are not usually shown . Bookkeeping ( edit ) On a company 's balance sheet , accounts receivable are the money owed to that company by entities outside of the company . Account receivables are classified as current assets assuming that they are due within one calendar year or fiscal year . To record a journal entry for a sale on account , one must debit a receivable and credit a revenue account . When the customer pays off their accounts , one debits cash and credits the receivable in the journal entry . The ending balance on the trial balance sheet for accounts receivable is usually a debit . Business organizations which have become too large to perform such tasks by hand ( or small ones that could but prefer not to do them by hand ) will generally use accounting software on a computer to perform this task . Companies have two methods available to them for measuring the net value of accounts receivable , which is generally computed by subtracting the balance of an allowance account from the accounts receivable account . The first method is the allowance method , which establishes a contra - asset account , allowance for doubtful accounts , or bad debt provision , that has the effect of reducing the balance for accounts receivable . The amount of the bad debt provision can be computed in two ways , either ( 1 ) by reviewing each individual debt and deciding whether it is doubtful ( a specific provision ) ; or ( 2 ) by providing for a fixed percentage ( e.g. 2 % ) of total debtors ( a general provision ) . The change in the bad debt provision from year to year is posted to the bad debt expense account in the income statement . The second method is the direct write - off method . It is simpler than the allowance method in that it allows for one simple entry to reduce accounts receivable to its net realizable value . The entry would consist of debiting a bad debt expense account and crediting the respective accounts receivable in the sales ledger . The two methods are not mutually exclusive , and some businesses will have a provision for doubtful debts , writing off specific debts that they know to be bad ( for example , if the debtor has gone into liquidation . ) Special uses ( edit ) Companies can use their accounts receivable as collateral when obtaining a loan ( asset - based lending ) . They may also sell them through factoring or on an exchange . Pools or portfolios of accounts receivable can be sold in capital markets through securitization . For tax reporting purposes , a general provision for bad debts is not an allowable deduction from profit - a business can only get relief for specific debtors that have gone bad . However , for financial reporting purposes , companies may choose to have a general provision against bad debts consistent with their past experience of customer payments , in order to avoid over-stating debtors in the balance sheet . Related accounting topics ( edit ) Associated accounting issues include recognizing accounts receivable , valuing accounts receivable , and disposing of accounts receivable . In the UK , most companies have a credit control department . Other types of accounting transactions include accounts payable , payroll , and trial balance . See also ( edit ) Electronic billing Debtors Factoring ( finance ) Accounts payable Balance sheet Notes and references ( edit ) Jump up ^ Trade Finance Global . `` Accounts Receivable Guide '' . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 01 . Jump up ^ Belverd E. Needles , Marian Powers , Susan V. Crosson. ( 2010 ) Financial and Managerial Accounting , p. 373 . Jump up ^ `` Definition of credit terms '' . factoringglossary.org . Jump up ^ http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1073789116&type=RESOURCES Jump up ^ http://www.accountingtools.com/allowance-for-doubtful-account Jump up ^ HM Revenue & Customs . `` Company Taxation Manual '' . Archived from the original on 2009 - 04 - 18 . Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 01 . GND : 4017826 - 2 NDL : 00574050 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accounts_receivable&oldid=815166986 '' Categories : Accounting terminology Asset Accounts receivable Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца )  Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto فارسی Français 한국어 हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia ქართული Қазақша Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Русский Slovenčina Suomi Svenska Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 13 December 2017 , at 04 : 54 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: what is the source of information for account receivables


Never Forget You - wikipedia Never Forget You Jump to : navigation , search Never Forget You may refer to : `` Never Forget You '' ( Mariah Carey song ) , 1994 `` Never Forget You '' ( Noisettes song ) , 2009 `` Never Forget You '' ( Zara Larsson and MNEK song ) , 2015 See also ( edit ) Never Forget ( disambiguation ) I 'll Never Forget You ( disambiguation ) Disambiguation page providing links to articles with similar titles This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Never Forget You . If an internal link led you here , you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Never_Forget_You&oldid=758187169 '' Categories : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories : Disambiguation pages with short description All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Talk About Wikipedia Español Français Italiano Polski Português Edit links This page was last edited on 3 January 2017 , at 23 : 57 . About Wikipedia

Question: who sings the song i'll never forget you