NBA All - Star Game most Valuable player award - wikipedia NBA All - Star Game most Valuable player award Jump to : navigation , search ( hide ) National Basketball Association awards and honors Championship O'Brien Trophy Brown Trophy ( defunct ) Individual awards All - Star Game MVP Bill Russell Finals MVP Coach of the Year Defensive Player of the Year Executive of the Year J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Community Assist Award Most Improved Player Most Valuable Player Rookie of the Year Sixth Man of the Year Sportsmanship Award Twyman -- Stokes Teammate of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award Honors All - NBA Team All - Rookie Team All - Defensive Team The National Basketball Association All - Star Game Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given to the player ( s ) voted best of the annual All - Star Game . The award was established in 1953 when NBA officials decided to designate an MVP for each year 's game . The league also re-honored players from the previous two All - Star Games . Ed Macauley and Paul Arizin were selected as the 1951 and 1952 MVP winners respectively . The voting is conducted by a panel of media members , who cast their vote after the conclusion of the game . The player ( s ) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award . No All - Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league 's lockout . As of 2018 , the most recent recipient is Cleveland Cavaliers forward LeBron James . Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All - Star Game MVP four times . Oscar Robertson , Michael Jordan , Shaquille O'Neal , and LeBron James have each won the award three times , while Bob Cousy , Julius Erving , Isiah Thomas , Magic Johnson , Karl Malone , Allen Iverson , and Russell Westbrook have all won the award twice . James ' first All - Star MVP in 2006 made him the youngest to have ever won the award at the age of 21 years , 1 month . Kyrie Irving , winner of the 2014 All - Star Game MVP , is the second - youngest at 21 years , 10 months . They are notable as being the two youngest to win the award , both as Cleveland Cavaliers . Four of the games had joint winners -- Elgin Baylor and Pettit in 1959 , John Stockton and Malone in 1993 , O'Neal and Tim Duncan in 2000 , and O'Neal and Bryant in 2009 . O'Neal became the first player in All - Star history to share two MVP awards as well as the first player to win the award with multiple teams . The Los Angeles Lakers have had eleven winners while the Boston Celtics have had eight . Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Irving of Australia are the only winners not born in the United States . Both Duncan and Irving are American citizens , but are considered `` international '' players by the NBA because they were not born in one of the fifty states or Washington , D.C. No player trained entirely outside the U.S. has won the award ; Irving lived in the U.S. since age two , and Duncan played U.S. college basketball at Wake Forest . Bob Pettit ( 1958 , 1959 ) and Russell Westbrook ( 2015 , 2016 ) are the only players to win consecutive awards . Pettit ( 1956 ) , Bob Cousy ( 1957 ) , Wilt Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Bill Russell ( 1963 ) , Oscar Robertson ( 1964 ) , Willis Reed ( 1970 ) , Dave Cowens ( 1973 ) , Michael Jordan ( 1988 , 1996 , 1998 ) , Magic Johnson ( 1990 ) , Shaquille O'Neal ( 2000 ) , and Allen Iverson ( 2001 ) all won the All - Star Game MVP and the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in the same season ; Jordan is the only player to do this multiple times . 14 players have won the award playing for the team that hosted the All - Star Game : Macauley ( 1951 ) , Cousy ( 1957 ) , Pettit ( 1958 , 1962 ) , Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Adrian Smith ( 1966 ) , Rick Barry ( 1967 ) , Jerry West ( 1972 ) , Tom Chambers ( 1987 ) , Jordan ( 1988 ) , Karl Malone ( 1993 ) , John Stockton ( 1993 ) , O'Neal ( 2004 , 2009 ) , Bryant ( 2011 ) and Davis ( 2017 ) ; Pettit and O'Neal did this multiple times . Kareem Abdul - Jabbar has the distinction of playing in the most All - Star Games ( 18 ) without winning the All - Star Game MVP , while Adrian Smith won the MVP in his only All - Star Game . Contents ( hide ) 1 Winners 2 Multi-time winners 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References Winners ( edit ) Hall - of - Famer Bill Russell ( left ) won the award in the 1963 NBA All - Star Game . Hall - of - Famer Wilt Chamberlain ( center ) won the award in the 1960 NBA All - Star Game . Hall - of - Famer Michael Jordan won the award three times in his career . Hall - of - Famer Charles Barkley won the award in the 1991 NBA All - Star Game . Hall - of - Famer Shaquille O'Neal has won the award three times in his career . He is also the oldest MVP ever , at 36 years and 346 days old . Kobe Bryant has won the award a record four times in his career , a feat he shares with Bob Pettit . LeBron James was the youngest player to ever win the award at 21 years and 51 days old and is the all - time leader in points scored in NBA All - Star Game history . Kyrie Irving won the award in his second All - Star game in 2014 Denotes player who is still active in the NBA * Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Player ( X ) Denotes the number of times the player has been awarded the MVP award Team ( X ) Denotes the number of times a player from this team has won Season Player Position Nationality Team 1951 Macauley , Ed Ed Macauley * Center / Forward United States Boston Celtics 1952 Arizin , Paul Paul Arizin * Forward / Guard United States Philadelphia Warriors 1953 Mikan , George George Mikan * Center United States Minneapolis Lakers 1954 Cousy , Bob Bob Cousy * Guard United States Boston Celtics ( 2 ) 1955 Sharman , Bill Bill Sharman * Guard United States Boston Celtics ( 3 ) 1956 Pettit , Bob Bob Pettit * Forward / Center United States St. Louis Hawks 1957 Cousy , Bob Bob Cousy * ( 2 ) Guard United States Boston Celtics ( 4 ) 1958 Pettit , Bob Bob Pettit * ( 2 ) Forward / Center United States St. Louis Hawks ( 2 ) 1959 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * Forward United States Minneapolis Lakers ( 2 ) Pettit , Bob Bob Pettit * ( 3 ) Forward / Center United States St. Louis Hawks ( 3 ) 1960 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * Center United States Philadelphia Warriors ( 2 ) 1961 Robertson , Oscar Oscar Robertson * Guard United States Cincinnati Royals 1962 Pettit , Bob Bob Pettit * ( 4 ) Forward / Center United States St. Louis Hawks ( 4 ) 1963 Russell , Bill Bill Russell * Center United States Boston Celtics ( 5 ) 1964 Robertson , Oscar Oscar Robertson * ( 2 ) Guard United States Cincinnati Royals ( 2 ) 1965 Lucas , Jerry Jerry Lucas * Forward / Center United States Cincinnati Royals ( 3 ) 1966 Smith , Adrian Adrian Smith Guard United States Cincinnati Royals ( 4 ) 1967 Barry , Rick Rick Barry * Forward United States San Francisco Warriors ( 3 ) 1968 Greer , Hal Hal Greer * Guard / Forward United States Philadelphia 76ers 1969 Robertson , Oscar Oscar Robertson * ( 3 ) Guard United States Cincinnati Royals ( 5 ) 1970 Reed , Willis Willis Reed * Center / Forward United States New York Knicks 1971 Wilkens , Lenny Lenny Wilkens * Guard United States Seattle SuperSonics 1972 West , Jerry Jerry West * Guard United States Los Angeles Lakers ( 3 ) 1973 Cowens , Dave Dave Cowens * Center / Forward United States Boston Celtics ( 6 ) Lanier , Bob Bob Lanier * Center United States Detroit Pistons Frazier , Walt Walt Frazier * Guard United States New York Knicks ( 2 ) 1976 Bing , Dave Dave Bing * Guard United States Washington Bullets 1977 Erving , Julius Julius Erving * Forward United States Philadelphia 76ers ( 2 ) 1978 Smith , Randy Randy Smith Guard / Forward United States Buffalo Braves 1979 Thompson , David David Thompson * Guard / Forward United States Denver Nuggets 1980 Gervin , George George Gervin * Guard / Forward United States San Antonio Spurs 1981 Archibald , Nate Nate Archibald * Guard United States Boston Celtics ( 7 ) 1982 Bird , Larry Larry Bird * Forward United States Boston Celtics ( 8 ) Erving , Julius Julius Erving * ( 2 ) Forward United States Philadelphia 76ers ( 3 ) 1984 Thomas , Isiah Isiah Thomas * Guard United States Detroit Pistons ( 2 ) 1985 Sampson , Ralph Ralph Sampson * Center / Forward United States Houston Rockets 1986 Thomas , Isiah Isiah Thomas * ( 2 ) Guard United States Detroit Pistons ( 3 ) Chambers , Tom Tom Chambers Forward / Center United States Seattle SuperSonics ( 2 ) 1988 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * Guard United States Chicago Bulls 1989 Malone , Karl Karl Malone * Forward United States Utah Jazz 1990 Johnson , Magic Magic Johnson * Guard United States Los Angeles Lakers ( 4 ) 1991 Barkley , Charles Charles Barkley * Forward United States Philadelphia 76ers ( 4 ) 1992 Johnson , Magic Magic Johnson * ( 2 ) Guard United States Los Angeles Lakers ( 5 ) 1993 Stockton , John John Stockton * Guard United States Utah Jazz ( 2 ) Malone , Karl Karl Malone * ( 2 ) Forward United States Utah Jazz ( 3 ) 1994 Pippen , Scottie Scottie Pippen * Forward United States Chicago Bulls ( 2 ) 1995 Richmond , Mitch Mitch Richmond * Guard United States Sacramento Kings ( 6 ) Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * ( 2 ) Guard United States Chicago Bulls ( 3 ) 1997 Rice , Glen Glen Rice Forward United States Charlotte Hornets 1998 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * ( 3 ) Guard United States Chicago Bulls ( 4 ) 1999 Not awarded as the game was canceled due to the league 's lockout . 2000 O'Neal , Shaquille Shaquille O'Neal * Center United States Los Angeles Lakers ( 6 ) Duncan , Tim Tim Duncan Forward / Center United States San Antonio Spurs ( 2 ) 2001 Iverson , Allen Allen Iverson * Guard United States Philadelphia 76ers ( 5 ) 2002 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant Guard United States Los Angeles Lakers ( 7 ) 2003 Garnett , Kevin Kevin Garnett Forward / Center United States Minnesota Timberwolves O'Neal , Shaquille Shaquille O'Neal * ( 2 ) Center United States Los Angeles Lakers ( 8 ) 2005 Iverson , Allen Allen Iverson * ( 2 ) Guard United States Philadelphia 76ers ( 6 ) 2006 James , LeBron LeBron James ^ Forward United States Cleveland Cavaliers 2007 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant ( 2 ) Guard United States Los Angeles Lakers ( 9 ) 2008 James , LeBron LeBron James ^ ( 2 ) Forward United States Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2 ) 2009 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant ( 3 ) Guard United States Los Angeles Lakers ( 10 ) O'Neal , Shaquille Shaquille O'Neal * ( 3 ) Center United States Phoenix Suns Wade , Dwyane Dwyane Wade ^ Guard United States Miami Heat 2011 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant ( 4 ) Guard United States Los Angeles Lakers ( 11 ) 2012 Durant , Kevin Kevin Durant ^ Forward United States Oklahoma City Thunder ( 3 ) 2013 Paul , Chris Chris Paul ^ Guard United States Los Angeles Clippers ( 2 ) 2014 Irving , Kyrie Kyrie Irving ^ Guard United States Cleveland Cavaliers ( 3 ) 2015 Westbrook , Russell Russell Westbrook ^ Guard United States Oklahoma City Thunder ( 4 ) 2016 Westbrook , Russell Russell Westbrook ^ ( 2 ) Guard United States Oklahoma City Thunder ( 5 ) 2017 Davis , Anthony Anthony Davis ^ Forward / Center United States New Orleans Pelicans 2018 James , LeBron LeBron James ^ ( 3 ) Forward United States Cleveland Cavaliers ( 4 ) Multi-time winners ( edit ) Player Team No . Years Pettit , Bob Bob Pettit St. Louis Hawks 1956 , 1958 , 1959 , 1962 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant Los Angeles Lakers 2002 , 2007 , 2009 , 2011 Robertson , Oscar Oscar Robertson Cincinnati Royals 1961 , 1964 , 1969 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan Chicago Bulls 1988 , 1996 , 1998 O'Neal , Shaquille Shaquille O'Neal Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns 2000 , 2004 , 2009 James , LeBron LeBron James Cleveland Cavaliers 2006 , 2008 , 2018 Cousy , Bob Bob Cousy Boston Celtics 1954 , 1957 Erving , Julius Julius Erving Philadelphia 76ers 1977 , 1983 Thomas , Isiah Isiah Thomas Detroit Pistons 1984 , 1986 Malone , Karl Karl Malone Utah Jazz 1989 , 1993 Johnson , Magic Magic Johnson Los Angeles Lakers 1990 , 1992 Iverson , Allen Allen Iverson Philadelphia 76ers 2001 , 2005 Westbrook , Russell Russell Westbrook Oklahoma City Thunder 2015 , 2016 See also ( edit ) National Basketball Association portal NBA Most Valuable Player Award Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award List of NBA All - Stars Notes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Kyrie Irving was born in Australia to American parents who returned to the U.S. when he was two years old . He has dual U.S. and Australian citizenship , but has represented the United States internationally . ^ Jump up to : Denotes All - Star Games in which joint winners were named Jump up ^ Because Tim Duncan is a United States citizen by birth , as are all natives of the U.S. Virgin Islands , he was able to play for the U.S. internationally . Jump up ^ James , at 21 years and 51 days old , is the youngest All - Star Game MVP in NBA history . Jump up ^ O'Neal , at 36 years and 346 days old , is the oldest All - Star Game MVP in NBA history . References ( edit ) General `` All - Star Game : Year - by - Year Results '' . NBA.com . Turner Sports Interactive , Inc . Retrieved July 23 , 2008 . Specific Jump up ^ Steve Popper ( February 5 , 1998 ) . `` N.B.A. All - Star Weekend ; Macauley 's ' 51 All - Star Honors Came Late ( but He 's Not Complaining ) '' . The New York Times . Retrieved July 23 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Howard - Cooper , Scott ( February 12 , 1990 ) . `` East Stars Put It Together , but Magic Has Hardware Pro basketball : Laker guard earns MVP in losing effort as rest of his West teammates are shut down , 130 - 113 '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on February 15 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Steele , David ( December 9 , 1998 ) . `` NBA Drops All - Stars -- What 's Left ? February game in Philly latest casualty of lockout '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved December 17 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` King - Sized Rally Propels East to Victory '' . NBA.com . Turner Sports Interactive , Inc . Retrieved April 25 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Boyer , Mary ( February 17 , 2014 ) . `` Cleveland Cavaliers All - Star MVP Kyrie Irving has his moment -- with advice from LeBron James '' . The Plain Dealer . Retrieved February 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Bargnani becomes first European top NBA draft pick '' . People 's Daily Online . June 29 , 2006 . Retrieved June 16 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` NBA & ABA Most Valuable Player Award Winners '' . Basketball-reference.com . Retrieved 2014 - 11 - 04 . Jump up ^ NBA All - Star Game Career Leaders Basketball-Reference.com Jump up ^ `` Virgin Islands '' . CIA World Factbook . Retrieved August 12 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` All - Time USA Basketball Men 's Roster : D '' . USA Basketball . Archived from the original on August 28 , 2009 . Retrieved June 16 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Ward , Roy ( July 3 , 2013 ) . `` Irving a must for Boomers in Rio : Bogut '' . The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on February 17 , 2014 . NBA All - Star Game Most Valuable Player Award 1951 : Macauley 1952 : Arizin 1953 : Mikan 1954 : Cousy 1955 : Sharman 1956 : Pettit 1957 : Cousy 1958 : Pettit 1959 : Baylor & Pettit 1960 : Chamberlain 1961 : Robertson 1962 : Pettit 1963 : Russell 1964 : Robertson 1965 : Lucas 1966 : A. Smith 1967 : Barry 1968 : Greer 1969 : Robertson 1970 : Reed 1971 : Wilkens 1972 : West 1973 : Cowens 1974 : Lanier 1975 : Frazier 1976 : Bing 1977 : Erving 1978 : R. Smith 1979 : Thompson 1980 : Gervin 1981 : Archibald 1982 : Bird 1983 : Erving 1984 : Thomas 1985 : Sampson 1986 : Thomas 1987 : Chambers 1988 : Jordan 1989 : Malone 1990 : Johnson 1991 : Barkley 1992 : Johnson 1993 : Stockton & Malone 1994 : Pippen 1995 : Richmond 1996 : Jordan 1997 : Rice 1998 : Jordan 1999 : No game played 2000 : O'Neal & Duncan 2001 : Iverson 2002 : Bryant 2003 : Garnett 2004 : O'Neal 2005 : Iverson 2006 : James 2007 : Bryant 2008 : James 2009 : Bryant & O'Neal 2010 : Wade 2011 : Bryant 2012 : Durant 2013 : Paul 2014 : Irving 2015 : Westbrook 2016 : Westbrook 2017 : Davis NBA All - Star Games All - Star Weekend Rising Stars Challenge Shooting Stars Competition Skills Challenge Three - Point Contest Slam Dunk Contest H-O-R-S-E Competition Celebrity Game Legends Classic All - Star Game MVP Award Records List of NBA All - Stars Vote leaders Head coaches Broadcasters TV ratings G League All - Star Game WNBA All - Star Game 1950s 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020s 2020 2021 National Basketball Association Eastern Conference Atlantic Boston Celtics Brooklyn Nets New York Knicks Philadelphia 76ers Toronto Raptors Central Chicago Bulls Cleveland Cavaliers Detroit Pistons Indiana Pacers Milwaukee Bucks Southeast Atlanta Hawks Charlotte Hornets Miami Heat Orlando Magic Washington Wizards Western Conference Northwest Denver Nuggets Minnesota Timberwolves Oklahoma City Thunder Portland Trail Blazers Utah Jazz Pacific Golden State Warriors Los Angeles Clippers Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns Sacramento Kings Southwest Dallas Mavericks Houston Rockets Memphis Grizzlies New Orleans Pelicans San Antonio Spurs Annual events Draft Eligibility Summer League Christmas Day All - Star Weekend Game Global Games Africa 2015 , Africa 2017 Playoffs List Finals Champions History Predecessors BAA NBL ABA Merger Criticisms and controversies 2007 Tim Donaghy betting scandal Lockouts Seasons Records regular season post-season All - Star Game Win - loss records Personalities Players Current rosters Foreign players Race and ethnicity First overall draft picks Highest paid Retired numbers Banned or suspended NBPA Head coaches Current Player - coaches Champions Foreign coaches NBCA Owners Referees Awards and honors Larry O'Brien Trophy NBA Awards NBA MVP Finals MVP All - Star Game MVP Hall of Fame Members NBA Silver Anniversary Team NBA 35th Anniversary Team 50 Greatest Players Others Arenas Business Collective bargaining agreement Salary cap NBA Store Culture Cheerleading Mascots Dress code G League Midwest Division Media TV NBA TV Rivalries Teams Defunct Expansion Relocated Timeline WNBA Basketball in the United States Portal 2017 -- 18 season Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NBA_All-Star_Game_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&oldid=831162386 '' Categories : National Basketball Association awards National Basketball Association lists National Basketball Association All - Star Game Awards established in 1953 Most valuable player awards Hidden categories : Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles with hCards Featured lists Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Català Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Hrvatski Italiano עברית ქართული Latviešu 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Suomi Türkçe Українська 中文 12 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 March 2018 , at 02 : 49 . 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Question: who has the most all star mvp awards


Startup neutron source - wikipedia Startup neutron source Jump to : navigation , search RBMK reactor control rod positions at the moment of the Chernobyl disaster ; blue = startup neutron sources ( 12 ) , yellow = shortened control rods from the reactor bottom ( 32 ) , grey = pressure tubes ( 1661 ) , green = control rods ( 167 ) , red = automatic control rods ( 12 ) Startup neutron source is a neutron source used for stable and reliable initiation of nuclear chain reaction in nuclear reactors , when they are loaded with fresh nuclear fuel , whose neutron flux from spontaneous fission is insufficient for a reliable startup , or after prolonged shutdown periods . Neutron sources ensure a constant minimal population of neutrons in the reactor core , sufficient for a smooth startup . Without them , the reactor could suffer fast power excursions during startup from state with too few self - generated neutrons ( new core or after extended shutdown ) . The startup sources are typically inserted in regularly spaced positions inside the reactor core , in place of some of the fuel rods . The sources are important for safe reactor startup . The spontaneous fission and cosmic rays serve as weak neutron sources , but these are too weak for the reactor instrumentation to detect ; relying on them could lead to a `` blind '' start , which is an unsafe condition . The sources are therefore positioned so the neutron flux they produce is always detectable by the reactor monitoring instruments . When the reactor is in shutdown state , the neutron sources serve to provide signals for neutron detectors monitoring the reactor , to ensure they are operable . The equilibrium level of neutron flux in a subcritical reactor is dependent on the neutron source strength ; a certain minimum level of source activity therefore has to be ensured in order to maintain control over the reactor when in strongly subcritical state , namely during startups . The sources can be of two types : Primary sources , used for startup of a fresh reactor core ; conventional neutron sources are used . The primary sources are removed from the reactor after the first fuel campaign , usually after few months , as neutron capture resulting from the thermal neutron flux in an operating reactor changes the composition of the isotopes used , and thus reduces their useful lifetime as neutron sources . Californium - 252 ( spontaneous fission ) Plutonium - 238 & beryllium , ( α , n ) reaction americium - 241 & beryllium , ( α , n ) reaction polonium - 210 & beryllium , ( α , n ) reaction radium - 226 & beryllium , ( α , n ) reaction When plutonium - 238 / beryllium primary sources are utilized , they can be either affixed to control rods which are removed from the reactor when it is powered , or clad in a cadmium alloy , which is opaque to thermal neutrons ( reducing transmutation of the plutonium - 238 by neutron capture ) but transparent to fast neutrons produced by the source . Secondary sources , originally inert , become radioactive and neutron - producing only after neutron activation in the reactor . Due to this , they tend to be less expensive . Exposure to thermal neutrons also serves to maintain the source activity ( the radioactive isotopes are both burned and generated in neutron flux ) . Sb - Be photoneutron source ; antimony becomes radioactive in the reactor and its strong gamma emissions ( 1.7 MeV for Sb ) interact with beryllium - 9 by an ( γ , n ) reaction and provide photoneutrons . In a PWR reactor one neutron source rod contains 160 grams of antimony , and stay in the reactor for 5 -- 7 years . The sources are often constructed as an antimony rod surrounded by beryllium layer and clad in stainless steel . Antimony - beryllium alloy can be also used . The chain reaction in the first critical reactor , CP - 1 , was initiated by neutron sources generated during its prior subcritical test runs . The very first of those could have been initiated by ambient cosmic - ray neutrons . Similarly , in modern reactors ( after startup ) , delayed neutron emission from fission products suffices to sustain the amplification reaction while yielding controllable growth times . ( In comparison , a bomb is based on immediate neutrons and grows exponentially in nanoseconds . ) References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Atomic Energy of Canada ( 1997 ) . Canada enters the nuclear age : a technical history of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited . McGill - Queen 's Press - MQUP . p. 224 . ISBN 0 - 7735 - 1601 - 8 . ^ Jump up to : U.S. Patent 4,208,247 Neutron source Jump up ^ `` Microsoft Word - lecture25. doc '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on June 29 , 2011 . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 28 . Jump up ^ Ken Kok ( 2009 ) . Nuclear Engineering Handbook . CRC Press . p. 27 . ISBN 1 - 4200 - 5390 - 6 . ^ Jump up to : Integrated Publishing . `` Neutron Sources Summary '' . Tpub.com . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 28 . Jump up ^ Karl - Heinz Neeb ( 1997 ) . The radiochemistry of nuclear power plants with light water reactors . Walter de Gruyter . p. 147 . ISBN 3 - 11 - 013242 - 7 . Jump up ^ `` Memorandum from Raymond L. Murray to Dr. Clifford K. Beck '' . Lib.ncsu.edu . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 28 . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Startup_neutron_source&oldid=784766060 '' Categories : Neutron sources Nuclear reactors Talk About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 9 June 2017 , at 23 : 05 . About Wikipedia

Question: where do the neutrons come from in nuclear fission


That ' 70s show - wikipedia That ' 70s show Jump to : navigation , search That ' 70s Show Genre Period sitcom Created by Bonnie Turner Terry Turner Mark Brazill Directed by David Trainer Terry Hughes ( pilot ) Starring Topher Grace Mila Kunis Ashton Kutcher Danny Masterson Laura Prepon Wilmer Valderrama Debra Jo Rupp Kurtwood Smith Tanya Roberts Don Stark Lisa Robin Kelly Tommy Chong Josh Meyers Theme music composer Alex Chilton Chris Bell Opening theme `` In the Street '' by Big Star as performed by ; Todd Griffin ( season 1 ) Cheap Trick ( seasons 2 -- 8 ) Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 8 No. of episodes 200 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Caryn Mandabach Marcy Carsey Tom Werner Running time 22 minutes Production company ( s ) Carsey - Werner Productions Distributor Carsey - Werner Distribution 20th Century Fox ( DVD ) Release Original network Fox Picture format 480i Audio format Stereo Original release August 23 , 1998 ( 1998 - 08 - 23 ) -- May 18 , 2006 ( 2006 - 05 - 18 ) Chronology Related shows That ' 80s Show Days Like These External links Website That ' 70s Show is an American television period sitcom that originally aired on Fox from August 23 , 1998 to May 18 , 2006 . The series focused on the lives of a group of six teenage friends living in fictional Point Place , Wisconsin from May 17 , 1976 to December 31 , 1979 . The main teenage cast members were Topher Grace , Mila Kunis , Ashton Kutcher , Danny Masterson , Laura Prepon and Wilmer Valderrama . The main adult cast members were Debra Jo Rupp , Kurtwood Smith , Don Stark , Tommy Chong and Tanya Roberts . Contents ( hide ) 1 Cast 1.1 Teens 1.2 Adults 2 Episodes 2.1 Timeline 2.2 Eighth season and series finale 3 Production 3.1 Opening 3.1. 1 Theme song 3.1. 2 Opening credits 3.2 Elements of the show 3.2. 1 The 1970s 3.2. 2 Split screens 3.2. 3 Dream sequences 3.2. 4 The circle 3.2. 5 The stupid helmet 3.2. 6 The water tower 3.2. 7 Scene transitions 3.2. 8 The Vista Cruiser 3.2. 9 Running gags and catchphrases 4 British remake 5 Merchandise 5.1 Home media 5.2 Soundtracks 6 Reception 6.1 American ratings 6.2 Awards 7 References 8 External links Cast ( edit ) See also : List of That ' 70s Show cast members and List of That ' 70s Show characters Teens ( edit ) Topher Grace as Eric Forman ( seasons 1 -- 7 ; uncredited guest season 8 ) : Eric is a nice guy , generally geeky , physically slight and somewhat clumsy . He is a smart - aleck with a fast wit and a deadpan sense of humor . He convinces his parents to let his best friend Steven Hyde move in with them , making Hyde like a brother . His father , Red , is always hard on him . Eric is in a relationship with his longtime love and neighbor Donna Pinciotti . He decides to become a teacher after high school and he leaves the series at the end of the seventh season to teach in Africa . Although mentioned in every episode , he does not appear during the final season until the end of the series finale . Mila Kunis as Jackie Burkhart : The youngest member of the group , Jackie starts the series as the pretty , rich , spoiled , selfish , conceited and annoying immature girl . She likes to give thoughtless and superficial advice , which occasionally turns out to be correct . As the series progresses , she moves away from her self - centered ways and becomes sweeter , mostly after her father , a crooked politician , goes to jail and her fortunes take a reversal . Partly as a result of these changes , Donna and she become better friends . By the end of the series , Jackie had dated three of the four males of the group : Kelso , Hyde and Fez . Ashton Kutcher as Michael Kelso ( seasons 1 -- 7 ; special guest season 8 ) : The tall stupid pretty boy of the group wants to coast through life on his good looks . Often referred to as `` The King '' in many episodes , he spends the first half of the series in a relationship with the equally vapid Jackie , but their relationship comes to an end when Laurie ( Eric 's older sister ) reveals their affair . His best friends are Hyde and Fez . He fathers a baby girl named Betsy from a girl named Brooke during the seventh season . He becomes a police officer but gets kicked off the force because he does just about everything wrong . He gets a job as a security guard at a Playboy Club in Chicago and leaves the series during the eighth and final season . Kelso , along with Eric , returns for the series finale . Danny Masterson as Steven Hyde : Eric 's best friend and the anti-establishment member of the group . By the end of season one , the Formans allow Hyde to move in after he was abandoned by his mother , making him a foster brother to Eric . Hyde has a witty , blunt and sarcastic sense of humor and a rebellious personality . He is also smart and the other group members often ask for his advice . Although Hyde dates Jackie for three seasons , in the final season he marries an exotic dancer named Samantha . Hyde later discovers Samantha was married to another man when she married him . As Donna points out in `` My Fairy King '' , that means Hyde and Samantha are not legally married . In the seventh season , Hyde meets his biological father ( William Barnett , played by Tim Reid ) , a wealthy black businessman ( making Hyde , who was presumed white , biracial ) . Barnett , who owns a chain of record stores , makes Hyde first an office worker , then a manager and later the owner of the Point Place record store . He also previously worked for Leo in a Photo Hut earlier in the series . Laura Prepon as Donna Pinciotti : Eric 's longtime girlfriend ( and briefly fiancée ) . Donna is tall , intelligent , good - looking . Although she does not agree with what Jackie represents in the beginning of the series , they become friends . Donna is in a relationship with Eric for seven seasons ( despite their break - up during season 4 ) . She has brief romances with Casey , Michael 's brother and Randy during the final season and quickly ends it . She rekindles her relationship with Eric at the end of the show 's finale . Wilmer Valderrama as Fez : The horny foreign exchange student of the group whose hormones are usually out of control . His country of origin is never named . He enjoys eating candy , drinking beer and looking at pornography . He constantly flirts with Jackie and Donna and often makes romantic advances toward them . Initially , he has trouble getting attention from girls , but during the eighth season he becomes a ladies ' man . He is in love with Jackie throughout the series but his love is not reciprocated until the eighth season when they become a couple . Josh Meyers as Randy Pearson ( season 8 ) : Hyde 's employee at the record store . He is introduced in the final season . Randy appears laid back , gentle , polite and a ladies ' man , although many of his flaws surface later , encompassing parts of the departed Kelso and Eric 's personalities and other attributes . Tall ( like Kelso ) , he tends to spout witty one - liners ( like Eric ) , and makes silly voices . He forms a friendship with Red after showing Red how good he is at fixing things . While Hyde , Jackie , Donna and Kelso embrace him as a new member of their group , Fez initially does not , but soon warms up to him . Randy dates Donna for the majority of season eight , but she later breaks up with him . The two end on good terms and remain friends . He makes a brief appearance in the series finale . Randy is considered the worst character in the show . Adults ( edit ) Debra Jo Rupp as Kitty Forman : Red 's wife and mother of Eric and Laurie , and Hyde 's informally adoptive mother , Kitty is a cheerful , doting mother , but can also be assertive when pushed . A nurse by profession , she drinks heavily and is a former smoker . Her major mood swings are usually attributed to menopause , although the lack of affection and attention from her daughter ( Laurie ) and her mother ( Bea ) is also partly to blame . She is also a nurturing mother figure to Eric 's rather dysfunctional friends , especially Fez . Kurtwood Smith as Red Forman : Kitty 's husband , father of Eric and Laurie , and Hyde 's adoptive father . A conservative Navy combat veteran , he served in World War II and the Korean War . Despite his mean exterior , Red also displays a soft side . His hobbies include working with his power tools , drinking beer , watching television , reading the newspaper , hunting and fishing . Lisa Robin Kelly ( seasons 2 -- 3 ; recurring season 1 ; special appearance 5 ) , Christina Moore ( recurring , season 6 ) as Laurie Forman : Eric 's attractive but promiscuous , manipulative and dishonest older sister . She flunked out of college during the first season and moves back home with her parents . Laurie enjoys tormenting Eric and manipulating her parents . She is promiscuous , often seen with various men , mainly Eric 's friend Kelso , who cheats on his girlfriend Jackie . Eric , Hyde and Donna often mock her promiscuity . She also has a strained relationship with her mother who thinks of her as a freeloader . She leaves the series during the third season , but returns in a recurring role during the fifth . In season five , she marries Fez to prevent him from getting deported . She leaves the series again during season 6 and is never seen again . During the seventh season , she is mentioned as having moved to Canada , where , as Eric puts it drolly , `` bottomless dancing is legal '' . Tanya Roberts as Midge Pinciotti ( seasons 1 -- 3 ; special guest appearance seasons 6 -- 7 ) : Bob 's wife , Donna 's mother , and Kitty 's best friend , Midge is the sexy neighborhood mom about whom Eric and his male friends fantasized when coming of age . Although often dim - witted , she later adopts some feminist ideals . She is written out of the series in 2001 after the third season after leaving Bob and moving to California . She returns during the sixth and seventh seasons in a limited recurring role . She is temporarily replaced in Bob 's heart by the aggressive , assertive Joanne ( played by Mo Gaffney ) , tall like Midge but not as pretty . She and Bob meet in a supermarket . Red and Joanne almost immediately take a mutual dislike to each other . Don Stark as Bob Pinciotti : Midge 's husband and Donna 's father . Bob often brags about his service in the National Guard , which invariably irritates Red , a veteran of foreign wars . Bob is known for walking around his house with his robe wide open and no underwear . He eats constantly , even in bed . Bob is almost always in a good mood and is a ladies ' man . His best friend is Red , who usually considers him to be a nuisance . He usually takes the brunt of Red 's abuse in a jolly manner . Tommy Chong as Leo Chingkwake ( seasons 4 & 8 ; special guest seasons 2 -- 3 & 7 ) : A hippie , and the owner of a Foto Hut at which Hyde once worked , Leo is an Army veteran who served in World War II , where he was awarded a Purple Heart . Leo often puts play before work and maintains an easy - going attitude in most things , business included . He disappears from the series after season four , but is later referenced in season five 's `` The Battle of Evermore '' when the gang goes on a mission to find him , but with no luck . He returns in season seven and remains on the series until the show 's end . In Season 8 , he gets a new job working for Hyde at Grooves . Episodes ( edit ) Main article : List of That ' 70s Show episodes Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 25 August 23 , 1998 ( 1998 - 08 - 23 ) July 26 , 1999 ( 1999 - 07 - 26 ) 26 September 28 , 1999 ( 1999 - 09 - 28 ) May 22 , 2000 ( 2000 - 05 - 22 ) 25 October 3 , 2000 ( 2000 - 10 - 03 ) May 22 , 2001 ( 2001 - 05 - 22 ) 27 September 25 , 2001 ( 2001 - 09 - 25 ) May 21 , 2002 ( 2002 - 05 - 21 ) 5 25 September 17 , 2002 ( 2002 - 09 - 17 ) May 14 , 2003 ( 2003 - 05 - 14 ) 6 25 October 29 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 29 ) May 19 , 2004 ( 2004 - 05 - 19 ) 7 25 September 8 , 2004 ( 2004 - 09 - 08 ) May 18 , 2005 ( 2005 - 05 - 18 ) 8 22 November 2 , 2005 ( 2005 - 11 - 02 ) May 18 , 2006 ( 2006 - 05 - 18 ) Timeline ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The creators had wanted the show to have a 1970s `` feel '' from the beginning , so opted to set the series later in the decade , when trends and political ideologies had become firmly established and disseminated . The idea that the duration of the series would carry sociopolitical undertones also necessitated a chain of social events which could influence the characters . Thus , 1976 was chosen , which allowed episodes set within a short time frame to address streaking , the sexual revolution , the Equal Rights Amendment , the 1973 oil crisis , and the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford , all of which were culturally influential events that occurred in the earlier years of the 1970s . The shift to 1977 during the last half of the first season also allowed the inclusion of the first Star Wars movie , which premiered in May 1977 . Throughout the first two seasons , episodes opened with title cards showing the season / month and year ( example : Late Spring , 1977 or June 1977 ) . These , however , were largely abandoned after season 2 , with few subsequent episodes using them . However , they were used again in the final episode , showing `` December 31 , 1979 10 : 45 a.m. '' From the premiere onward , the episode 's year could be determined by the registration tags on Eric 's Vista Cruiser at the end of the opening and closing credits . The final episode 's closing credits showed an `` 80 '' year tag . The show was set in May 1976 in the August 23 , 1998 premiere . After 12 episodes , the series transitioned to 1977 . The 23rd episode , `` Grandma 's Dead '' , was also set in 1976 , because it was supposed to be the season finale of season 1 . The show remained in 1977 for the next two seasons . Near the end of the third season , the series transitioned to 1978 until early in the sixth season . The remaining episodes took place in 1979 , and the series finale abruptly ends during a New Year 's Eve party as the characters reach `` one '' during a countdown to January 1 , 1980 . The show 's unexpected longevity ( it was the only series to debut on Fox in 1998 to survive cancellation ) combined with the first season jump to 1977 necessitated a slow - down of the series ' timeline . Over time , this proved problematic from a narrative standpoint , as nearly every year featured a Thanksgiving and / or Christmas episode , and the teen - aged actors playing high - school student characters all aged into their mid-20s by the time their characters graduated from high school after five seasons ( except Mila Kunis , who was not quite 20 ) . As the series timeline sped up and slowed down with more rapidity near the series ' climax , the timeline necessitated that several major events depicted as having occurred months apart would have in fact happened within weeks or even days of one another . The timeline issues experienced on the show were not unprecedented , as other period - specific TV series have had similar issues . Most notably , M * A * S * H aired for 11 seasons despite the Korean War only lasting three years . Additionally , many TV series over the years that take place in the present time have characters age faster than normal while other characters age naturally . Eighth season and series finale ( edit ) The character of Eric Forman was written out of the series at the end of the seventh season , as Topher Grace wanted to move on with his career . Ashton Kutcher switched to a recurring guest role when he also chose to depart following the seventh season . However , Kelso had not been written out yet , so to give better closure to the character , Kutcher appeared in the first four episodes of the eighth season ( credited as a special guest star ) and later returned for the finale . Tommy Chong ( who began reappearing by late season 7 after a long absence ) became a regular again to help fill Kelso 's role as the dimwit of the group . Eric was originally supposed to be replaced by his new friend Charlie , played by Bret Harrison , as an `` innocent character '' , who proved fairly popular with audiences , but the character was killed off after Harrison was offered a lead role in the series The Loop . Another new character named Randy Pearson , played by Josh Meyers , was introduced to take the place of both Eric and , to a lesser extent , Charlie . Another new character , Samantha , a stripper played by Judy Tylor , was added as Hyde 's wife for nine episodes . The location of the show 's introductory theme song was changed from the Vista Cruiser to the circle . Both Eric and Kelso returned for the series ' final episode , although Topher Grace was uncredited . The eighth season was announced as the final season of the show on January 17 , 2006 , and `` That ' 70s Finale '' was filmed a month later on February 17 , 2006 , first airing on May 18 , 2006 . Production ( edit ) Opening ( edit ) Theme song ( edit ) The show usually opens with the theme song , `` In the Street '' , written by Alex Chilton and Chris Bell of the band Big Star . The original version of the song appeared on Big Star 's 1972 debut album # 1 Record . In 2000 , Chilton confirmed that he was paid $70 in royalties each time the show aired , an amount he thought ironic , given the show 's title . Big Star 's original version of the song was not used on the show . Instead , a cover version sung by Todd Griffin was used as the theme song for the show 's first season . Beginning in the second season , the theme song was performed by the band Cheap Trick . Unlike previous versions of the song , Cheap Trick ended the song with the repeated phrase `` We 're all alright ! '' quoting the ending of their 1978 hit song `` Surrender '' . Both versions of the song ( Todd Griffin and Cheap Trick ) used on the show end with somebody yelling `` Hello , Wisconsin ! '' In Griffin 's version , Masterson is the one yelling `` Hello , Wisconsin ! '' while it is unknown who yells it in Cheap Trick 's version during the opening . On the soundtrack , That ' 70s Album ( Rockin ' ) , Cheap Trick 's lead singer Robin Zander yells `` Hello , Wisconsin ! '' Alternate holiday versions of the theme song were arranged for Halloween and Christmas specials , using organ music and bells , respectively . Opening credits ( edit ) Opening credits for seasons 1 -- 7 showed members of the cast driving in Eric 's car singing the theme song together . At the conclusion of the opening , a shot of a 1970s - style Wisconsin license plate ( black letters / numbers on a yellow background ) is seen , showing the year in which the episode was taking place in the bottom right corner . During the first season 's opening , a single shot of the group is used ; beginning with season 2 , numerous alternating shots were used of the cast in various groupings ( including the adult cast members , who had not appeared in the first season 's opening ) . After Topher Grace and Ashton Kutcher left the series , the opening credits were reworked for season 8 to feature close - up shots of each of the actors singing ( or mouthing ) a line of the theme song in the Circle ( for example , Mila Kunis `` Hanging Out ... ; '' Danny Masterson `` Down the Street '' ) . The only actors to not say or do anything in the new opening credits were Kurtwood Smith and Tommy Chong , with the exception of the first episode of season 8 , when Chong sings the last `` We 're all alright '' . Smith looks at the camera frowning and rolls his eyes . Chong looks around the room , confused as he hears `` Hello , Wisconsin ! '' The final episode omits most of the opening sequence and instead only shows the license plate shot . Elements of the show ( edit ) The 1970s ( edit ) This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( November 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The show addressed social issues of the 1970s such as sexism , sexual attitudes , generational conflict , the economic hardships of the 1970s recession , mistrust of the American government by blue - collar workers and teenage drug use , including underage drinking . The series also highlighted developments in the entertainment industry , including the television remote ( `` the clicker '' ) , reruns , VCR , and cable TV ; the video games Pong and Space Invaders ; the cassette tape and Disco ; MAD magazine ; and Eric 's obsession with Star Wars . The show has been compared to Happy Days , which was similarly set 20 years before the time in which it aired . Beginning with the second season , the show focused less on the sociopolitical aspects of the story . For example , the dynamic of the relationship between Eric and Donna was altered in later seasons to more closely resemble the relationships of other `` power couples '' on teen dramas . Likewise , the first season of the show featured a recurring , more dramatic storyline in which the Formans were in danger of losing their home due to Red 's hours being cut back at the auto parts plant where he worked . Storylines in later seasons were generally presented more comically and less dramatically . The show also featured guest - starring actors from 1970s TV shows , such as Mary Tyler Moore , Valerie Harper and Betty White ( The Mary Tyler Moore Show ) , Tom Poston and Jack Riley ( The Bob Newhart Show ) , Pamela Sue Martin ( The Hardy Boys / Nancy Drew Mysteries ) , Tim Reid and Howard Hesseman ( WKRP in Cincinnati ) , Eve Plumb , Barry Williams and Christopher Knight ( The Brady Bunch ) , Tom Bosley and Marion Ross ( Happy Days ) , Monty Hall ( Let 's Make A Deal ) , Gavin MacLeod ( The Love Boat and The Mary Tyler Moore Show ) , Don Knotts , Richard Kline and Jenilee Harrison ( Three 's Company ) , and Danny Bonaduce and Shirley Jones ( The Partridge Family ) . Series recurring cast member Tanya Roberts also starred in a popular show in the 1970s ( Charlie 's Angels ) . Beginning with season 5 , each episode in the series is named after a song by a rock band that was famous in the 1970s : Led Zeppelin ( season 5 ) , The Who ( Season 6 ) , The Rolling Stones ( season 7 ) , and Queen ( season 8 , except for the finale , titled `` That ' 70s Finale '' ) . Split screens ( edit ) One device in the show is to present a split screen in which two pairs of characters speak . One character is usually seeking advice on a problem with a character in the second pairing and the other character advises them . Although the conversations appear to mirror each other , notable differences often occur . It is most often used by the couples of the show , with each member of the couple being advised on the relationship . For example , in the episode `` Who Wants It More ? '' , Donna and Eric tell Jackie and Hyde that they have been holding out on each other sexually for three days and that maybe they should cave . Both Jackie and Hyde tell Donna and Eric not to cave or the `` caver '' will be owned by the other . Dream sequences ( edit ) The show includes character daydream sequences , some of which refer to or parody fads and films of the time , such as Star Wars , Rocky , and Grease . The character picturing the dream sometimes also narrates it , but regardless , the other characters present see the same dream . In the episode `` Stone Cold Crazy '' , Jackie mentioned she liked the song playing in Fez 's dream sequence . The sequences are usually introduced by a wobbling screen transition . Sometimes , the transition is absent when the characters who imagine the scene believe they are real ( for example , Eric 's dream about Donna in `` Eric 's Birthday '' or Jackie 's dream about Hyde proposing in `` It 's All Over Now '' ) . In the 100th episode , `` That ' 70s Musical '' , all singing scenes were Fez 's dream sequences . The circle ( edit ) The circle illustrated the teens ' marijuana use , usually in Eric 's basement . The picture is of the final scene of the series . In the circle , a group of characters , usually the teenagers , sit in a circle ( generally in Eric 's basement , though occasionally elsewhere ) , as the camera pans , stopping at each character as he or she speaks . It was usually apparent that the characters are under the influence of marijuana . Thick clouds of smoke , frequent coughing and an extreme wide - angle lens added to the `` drug - induced '' feel , although the audience never saw anyone actually smoking the drug . Also , no visible drug - related paraphernalia were seen , such as bongs or joint papers . Characters never spoke the word `` marijuana '' while in the circle ( except in one episode `` Reefer Madness '' ) , often referring to it as `` stuff '' or a `` stash '' . In the episode `` Bye - Bye Basement '' , Theo ( Leo 's cousin ) refers to `` weed '' ; in `` The Relapse '' , Kelso tells Fez that the concrete wall behind the gym is used mostly for `` smoking weed and beating up freshmen ; '' in `` Ski Trip '' Kitty asks Eric why he is taking so much oregano to Jackie 's ski lodge ; in `` Eric 's Burger Job '' , Kelso blames his `` roach clip '' when the water bed pops on which he is sitting at a party ; in two episodes ( `` That Wrestling Show '' and `` Hyde Moves In '' ) Eric and Hyde can be seen wearing shirts with the words `` Cannabis Sativa '' written on a Campbell 's soup can ; and in `` The Pill '' Red , referring to Kelso , exclaims , `` That kid 's on dope ! '' A gimmick related to the circle and the marijuana smoking was Eric watching the kitchen wall moving erratically , although this technique was also used to show that Eric was drunk . As the series progressed , the circle became one of the series ' recurring features . The only four episodes where the whole gang is in the circle are `` Class Picture '' , `` I 'm A Boy '' , `` Substitute '' , and in the series finale . During the eighth and final season , the circle replaced the Vista Cruiser as the setting of the opening credits . The stupid helmet ( edit ) The stupid helmet refers to a replica of a Green Bay Packers helmet that a character is forced to wear after having done or said something deemed stupid by the rest of the gang . Eric had to wear it when he said he wanted to propose to Donna and Fez wore it when he started banging his head on the table after trying to help Kelso keep Jackie . The helmet can be seen in the Forman basement on a shelf behind the cast . When the series concluded in 2006 , the last one up the staircase had to call Red a `` dumbass '' , something he always called the kids . Since Kelso was the last one up , he grabbed the helmet . The water tower ( edit ) In many episodes , the teenaged characters often hang out on a local water tower . At the end of several water tower segments , at least one character falls off ( usually Kelso ) . When Charlie Richardson ( played by Bret Harrison ) fell off and died in season 8 , the water tower was renamed in his honor . After Charlie 's death , Kelso fell off again , but survived , leading him to believe he was `` invincible '' . In the `` Water Tower episode '' , the gang painted a marijuana leaf on the tower , but it looked more like a green hand giving the finger . In the episode `` The Immigrant Song ( a.k.a. Fez Gets Busted ) '' Kelso paints Jackie and his names on the tower to annoy Hyde just before falling and ending up in the hospital . During this episode , Fez paints his manhood on the tower but only gets as far as drawing a circle when the police arrive to arrest him . Kelso was known to fall off the water tower once in every grade since middle school . Jackie and Fez share their first official kiss on the tower in the show 's finale . Scene transitions ( edit ) In the first season , scene transitions ( also known as bumpers ) consisted of animated smiley buttons or still images of faces from the 1970s with only the mouth moving using Syncro - Vox , usually yelling , in a rock form , `` Yeahhh ! '' or something similar ( ex . Farrah Fawcett saying `` Yeah ! '' or Richard Nixon saying `` Are you ready to rock and roll ? '' ) The smiley buttons were removed for re-runs and home video , replaced with flowers likewise exploding , replicating , deflating or bouncing around . Sometimes they would be visuals of lava lamps with the show 's logo plummeting to the bottom of the screen in front of it . Beginning in season 2 , transitions featured the characters doing something in front of a colorful , psychedelic , lava lamp - like background . These transitions featured the most prominent characters of the episode usually dancing , falling or making facial expressions . The music accompanying these colorful sequences would match the tone of the episode and characters . By the show 's final season , new transitions were created to accommodate cast changes ( e.g. Donna 's hair color , Leo continuing as a series regular and the insertion of Randy ) . `` Nobody 's Fault But Mine ( 2 ) '' is the only episode where Laurie Forman is featured in a transition . Tanya Roberts is the only regular actor not to be featured in a transition . The Vista Cruiser ( edit ) Many of the show 's episodes featured Eric and the rest of the kids in or around Eric 's `` Aztec Gold '' 1969 Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser , handed down to Eric by Red . For the first seven seasons of the show , the show 's introduction showed the cast inside the Vista Cruiser . The show 's pronunciation of `` Vista Cruiser '' , with emphasis on `` Cruiser '' conflicted with the pronunciation of author George Plimpton in the Oldsmobile television advertisement for the 1969 Vista Cruiser , where he pronounced the two words with the emphasis on `` Vista '' . That particular station wagon was bought by Wilmer Valderrama at the show 's conclusion from Carsey - Werner for US $ 500 . In August 2009 , the show 's Vista Cruiser was named third - greatest television car ever by MSN Autos . Running gags and catchphrases ( edit ) This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( August 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) In one of the show 's major running gags , Red often threatens to punish Eric with many variations of catchphrase , `` kicking your ass '' . For example , in `` Kitty and Eric 's Night Out '' , Red mistakenly thinks Eric offended Kitty , so Red says , `` I swear I 'll kick his ass ! '' In `` Eric 's Hot Cousin '' , Eric tries to get out of something by claiming he 's sleepwalking and Red says , `` And I 'm about to be sleep - kicking your ass '' , and , in `` Prank Day '' , when Red gets covered in oatmeal , Eric tries to explain that it was just a prank that had gone `` horribly , horribly wrong '' Red says , `` Well , I have a prank , too . One where my foot does n't plow through your ass . Let 's hope it does n't go horribly , horribly wrong ! '' Several of the running gags were shown in edited clips for the series finale . Some other notable running gags and catchphrases are : Red 's favorite insult is `` dumbass '' , the origin of which is revealed in `` Halloween '' . Ironically , Eric is the first character to say `` dumbass '' in `` Eric 's Burger Job '' ( season 1 episode 5 ) . The insult is adopted by the whole gang and even occasionally by Kitty . Red regularly comes up with new choice insults such as `` kettlehead '' ( which refers to Kelso ) . Fez 's country of origin is never revealed . Sometimes , Fez is about to disclose where he is from , or at least hint at it , but something happens to prevent him from doing so , like someone entering the room as seen in `` Stolen Car '' , or Fez rambling in `` Love of My Life '' . Fez 's real name was also never revealed . Even Fez stood for FES , Foreign Exchange Student . Red often calls Fez by some exotic foreign name when he is speaking directly to him . Someone , usually Kelso , falls off the Water Tower . The word `` burn '' , a term used by a character after something bad or offensive happens at another character 's expense , although it is more often used by Kelso . According to Kelso in `` Dine and Dash '' , a good burn consists of two elements : `` You did n't see it coming ; parts of it really hurt . '' Hyde would usually give Kelso a punch in the arm for either his stupidity or bad behavior . Kelso yells `` Ow , my eye ! '' when Hyde rough - houses with him . For example , in the episode `` Class Picture '' , a series of flashbacks feature Hyde beating up Kelso . While the two are out of the immediate sight of the audience , Kelso yells , `` Ow , my eye ! '' and the scene cuts to the next flashback . This gag is repeated several times throughout the series , although the only time Kelso appears with an injured eye is in `` Jackie 's Cheese Squeeze '' after he was punched by Todd , Jackie 's manager . On that occasion , Kelso did not yell , `` Ow , my eye ! '' Fez uses the phrase `` Good day '' , followed by another cast member saying , `` But Fez ... '' and Fez immediately interrupts with an exclamatory , `` I said good day ! '' In some instances , the words vary , but the interaction is the same . Eric has a never - ending streak of quoting Star Wars . In several episodes , he relates things to Star Wars , or quotes the film . In times of trouble , he brings a toy light saber and his going - away present from Donna was her dressing up as Princess Leia . Everyone who calls Eric 's action figures `` dolls '' is always loudly corrected by Eric : `` They 're action figures ! '' Kitty often uses alcohol or her use is mentioned , particularly after she starts menopause during the fifth season . Fez 's sex life or usually lack thereof . Often Fez accidentally reveals some perverse behavior he performed , like hiding in Donna 's room . The best thing to do or the best solution can be found by `` The Circle '' . Eric 's attempted `` secret '' money stash locations are known by everyone . Guest stars from 1970s sitcoms would often have an inside joke referring to their earlier series . Kitty will often laugh in situations she finds awkward . British remake ( edit ) In 1999 , the show was remade by the ITV network in the United Kingdom as Days Like These using almost verbatim scripts with minor changes to cultural references . Merchandise ( edit ) Home Media ( edit ) Main article : List of That ' 70s Show home video releases That ' 70s Show was released on DVD in Regions 1 , 2 and 4 by Fox Home Entertainment at an increment of two seasons per year between 2004 and 2008 and a complete series release on October 14 , 2008 . Mill Creek Entertainment released all eight seasons between 2011 and ' 13 and released a complete series set on May 14 , 2013 . On March 6 , 2012 , Mill Creek released the first season on Blu - ray and season two on October 16 , 2012 . On November 3 , 2015 , Mill Creek Entertainment released That ' 70s Show The Complete Series on Blu - ray 1080p with 5.1 DTS - HD Master Audio and 1.78 : 1 widescreen aspect ratio . Soundtracks ( edit ) Several prominent songs from the decade can be heard on the series , and two soundtracks were released in 1999 . The first is a collection of funk , soul , and disco , called That ' 70s Album ( Jammin ' ) . The second is a collection of album - oriented rock songs , called That ' 70s Album ( Rockin ' ) . AllMusic gave both albums 3 out of 5 stars in their reviews . Reception ( edit ) American ratings ( edit ) Over the course of its run , the series was a consistent performer for Fox , becoming one of their flagship shows . Its eight seasons , consisting of 200 episodes , made it Fox 's second - longest - running live - action sitcom ever behind Married ... with Children , though That ' 70s Show did not have the same ratings success . Season Episodes Timeslot Premiere Season finale Rank Viewers ( in millions ) 1998 -- 99 25 Sunday 8 : 30 August 23 , 1998 July 26 , 1999 49 11.7 1999 -- 2000 26 Tuesday 8 : 30 September 28 , 1999 May 22 , 2000 86 9.0 2000 -- 01 25 Tuesday 8 : 00 October 3 , 2000 May 22 , 2001 65 10.8 2001 -- 02 27 September 25 , 2001 May 21 , 2002 67 9.1 5 2002 -- 03 25 Tuesday 8 : 00 ( 2002 ) Wednesday 8 : 00 ( 2003 ) September 17 , 2002 May 14 , 2003 52 10.4 6 2003 -- 04 25 Wednesday 8 : 00 October 29 , 2003 May 19 , 2004 49 10.0 7 2004 -- 05 25 September 8 , 2004 May 18 , 2005 85 7.0 8 2005 -- 06 22 Wednesday 8 : 00 ( 2005 ) Thursday 8 : 00 ( 2006 ) November 2 , 2005 May 18 , 2006 103 5.8 Awards ( edit ) Main article : List of awards and nominations received by That ' 70s Show Over the course of its run , the series was nominated for a substantial number of awards , including 16 Primetime Emmy Awards . The only win for the series at this event came in 1999 , when Melina Root was awarded the Emmy for Outstanding Costume Design for a Series for `` That Disco Episode '' . Additionally , the show was nominated for a large number of Teen Choice Awards , with both Ashton Kutcher and Wilmer Valderrama winning on three occasions . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` That ' 70s Finale '' . That ' 70s Show . Season 8 . Episode 22 . May 18 , 2006 . 21 : 20 minutes in . FOX . Jump up ^ Express ( 2008 - 10 - 14 ) . `` Hanging Out : Five Worst Parts of ' That ' 70s Show ' '' . Washington Post . ISSN 0190 - 8286 . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 04 . ^ Jump up to : Bernhard , Lisa ( May 18 , 2008 ) . `` Ashton , Topher Departing ' That ' 70s Show ' '' . Fox News . Retrieved September 13 , 2010 . Jump up ^ DVD commentary of episode 25 of season 7 by director Trainer . Jump up ^ Tribune Media Service ( November 30 , 2005 ) . `` Celebrity Spotlight '' . Observer - Reporter . Washington , PA : Observer Publishing Company . p . C6 . Retrieved July 16 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` '' That ' 70s Show '' says goodbye to an era with the 200th episode and series finale this may on FOX `` . TheFutonCritic . Retrieved January 17 , 2006 . Jump up ^ `` That ' 70s Show Episode Guide '' . That'70sCentral . Archived from the original on February 17 , 2006 . Retrieved February 17 , 2006 . Jump up ^ John D. Luerssen ( February 28 , 2000 ) . `` Alex Chilton Set to Go '' . Rolling Stone . Retrieved November 22 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Readers Poll : The Best Television Theme Songs -- 7 . That ' 70s Show -- ' In the Street ' '' . Rolling Stone . September 21 , 2011 . Retrieved November 22 , 2013 . Jump up ^ EW Staff ( June 13 , 2006 ) . `` HeadScratcher No. 44 : It 's time to play the music '' . Entertainment Weekly . Entertainment Weekly Inc . Retrieved November 22 , 2013 . And yes , it 's true that the theme song of That ' 70s Show , ' In the Street ' , was sung by Cheap Trick ( after Todd Griffin sang the original version ) , but the cast members sing along with them . You can even hear Hyde ( Danny Masterson ) yell out ' Hello , Wisconsin ! ' at the end of the Griffin version of the song . Jump up ^ `` In the Street '' by Cheap Trick . That ' 70s Album ( Rockin ' ) . 1999 . Track 1 . Compact disc . Various Artists . Volcano Entertainment . Jump up ^ `` 13 Times That ' 70s Show Tackled History '' . IFC . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` Even Those 70 's Kids Should Have Seen It Coming '' . Like ' Happy Days ' , ' That 70 's Show ' blends smart comedy with light social commentary . Jump up ^ Egan , James ( 2016 ) . 3000 Facts about TV Shows . Lulu . p. 328 . Jump up ^ Tucker , Ken . `` That ' 70s Show '' . EW.com . Jump up ^ `` 1969 Vista Cruiser commercial on YouTube '' . Youtube.com . December 7 , 2007 . Retrieved August 23 , 2010 . Jump up ^ That 70s Show wrap party Access Hollywood official on YouTube Jump up ^ Tate , James . `` MSN Autos list of ' Ten Greatest Cars On Television -- Ever ! ' '' . Editorial.autos.msn.com . Retrieved August 23 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Carter , Brooke ( 2017 - 02 - 13 ) . `` What Happened to Wilmer Valderrama - 2017 Update - The Gazette Review '' . The Gazette Review . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 14 . Jump up ^ `` Frequently Asked Questions '' . That70sShow.com . Carsey - Werner LLC. 2004 . Archived from the original on 2008 - 02 - 06 . Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 16 . Jump up ^ Barlow , Helen ( 2007 - 01 - 03 ) . `` Charmer out of the ' 70s '' . Herald Sun . Melbourne . Retrieved 17 April 2009 . Jump up ^ `` 10 Running Gags From Your Favorite 90s TV Shows '' . EMGN . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 14 . Jump up ^ `` 15 Weirdest Running Jokes You Did n't Notice In Favorite TV Shows '' . Screen Rant. 2016 - 12 - 15 . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 13 . Jump up ^ Erickson , Emily ; Sloan , William David ( 2004 - 02 - 01 ) . Contemporary Media Issues . Vision Press . ISBN 9781885219237 . Jump up ^ `` 10 of TV 's Most Memorable Weed - Based Episodes '' . Splitsider. 2011 - 04 - 07 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` That ' 70s Show Episode Synopses '' . www.carseywerner.net . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` That ' 70s Show S2E12 - English Transcript '' . Readable . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` From Tube to Telly , the Exchange Is Pop Culture '' . LA Times . April 5 , 1999 . Retrieved August 30 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Mill Creek Entertainment : News - THAT ' 70s SHOW COMPLETE SERIES ON BLU - RAY NOVEMBER 3 ! '' . Mill Creek Entertainment . August 17 , 2015 . Retrieved August 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Boldman , Gina . `` That ' 70s Show Presents That ' 70s Album : Jammin ' '' . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 13 December 2014 . Jump up ^ Boldman , Gina . `` That ' 70s Show Presents That ' 70s Album : Rockin ' '' . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 13 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` 1998 -- 99 TV Ratings . Retrieved July 29 , 2008 . Jump up ^ http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/NIELSEN-RATINGS-FOR-1999-2000-2776698.php Jump up ^ http://fbibler.chez.com/tvstats/recent_data/2000-01.html Jump up ^ `` How did your favorite show rate ? '' . USA Today . May 28 , 2002 . Retrieved May 25 , 2010 . Jump up ^ http://www.sitcomsonline.com/boards/showthread.php?t=69861 Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155240/http://www.abcmedianet.com/Web/progcal/dispDNR.aspx?id=060204_11 Jump up ^ http://forums.bigsoccer.com/threads/final-2004-05-tv-ratings-now-out.201802/ Jump up ^ http://www.tv.com/shows/alias/forums/nielsen-ratings-for-2005-06-season-90-2534-252664/ External links ( edit ) Television in the United States portal Comedy portal 1990s portal 2000s portal Wikiquote has quotations related to : That ' 70s Show Media related to That ' 70s Show at Wikimedia Commons That ' 70s Show on IMDb That ' 70s Show at TV.com Official website on Carsey Werner official website . ( hide ) That ' 70s Show Characters Teenagers Eric Forman Donna Pinciotti Steven Hyde Michael Kelso Jackie Burkhart Fez Adults Kitty Forman Red Forman Midge and Bob Pinciotti Leo Seasons 5 6 7 8 Related articles Home video That ' 80s Show Days Like These Point Place Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=That_%2770s_Show&oldid=838069162 '' Categories : 1998 American television series debuts 2006 American television series endings 1990s American teen sitcoms 2000s American teen sitcoms 1990s American sitcoms 2000s American sitcoms Cannabis culture English - language television programs Fox network shows Television series by Carsey - Werner Productions Television series created by Bonnie and Terry Turner Television series set in 1976 Television series set in 1977 Television series set in 1978 Television series set in 1979 Television series set in the 1970s Television shows filmed in Los Angeles Television shows set in Wisconsin Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from November 2014 Articles needing additional references from November 2013 All articles needing additional references Articles that may contain original research from November 2015 All articles that may contain original research Articles that may contain original research from August 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote বাংলা Български Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara Français 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ Lietuvių Limburgs La . lojban . 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