Elections in the Roman Republic - wikipedia Elections in the Roman Republic Jump to : navigation , search A 63 BCE coin depicting a Roman casting a ballot Elections in the Roman Republic were an essential part to its governance , although all citizens did not always play a consistently equal part in them . Upper class interests , centered in the urban political environment of cities , often trumped the concerns of the diverse and disunified lower class ; while at times , those already in power would pre-select candidates for office , further reducing the value of voters ' input . The candidates themselves at first remained distant from voters and refrained from public presentations ( in fact , formal speech - making was at one point forbidden in an effort to focus on the policies rather than the charisma of the candidate ) , but they later more than made up for time lost with habitual bribery , coercion , and empty promises . As the practice of electoral campaigning grew in use and extent , the pool of candidates was no longer limited to a select group with riches and high birth . Instead , many more ordinary citizens had a chance to run for office , allowing for more equal representation in key government decisions . During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually . Popular elections for high office were largely undermined and then brought to an end by Augustus ( r . 27 BC - 14 AD ) , the first Roman emperor ( earlier known as Octavian ) . However , Roman elections continued at the local , municipal level . Contents ( hide ) 1 Sources 2 Structure and Process 3 Campaigning 3.1 Development of Candidacy 3.2 Campaigning Strategies 4 Corruption 5 Representation and Electorate 6 Electorate and turnout 7 End of Elections 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Sources ( edit ) Elections were a central element to the history and politics of Rome for some 500 years , and the major historians such as Livy and Plutarch make frequent references to them . What does not exist is a comprehensive account on how elections worked . Historians have reconstructed details from scattered accounts from different eras , but much is still uncertain and there is scholarly debate over several elements . Sallust gives a valuable account of Marius ' first consul campaign of 107 BCE in the Jugurthine War . The most important sources are writings by Cicero . While his major works touch on elections , his daily life was immersed in late Republican politics , and his surviving letters and orations are the most valuable . Two important ones are Pro Murena and Pro Plancio , both legal speeches to defend candidates accused of bribery . The most comprehensive surviving source is the Commentariolum Petitionis ( Little Handbook on Electioneering ) by Quintus Tullius Cicero . It is a how - to guide on running for consul , written by Quintus for his brother 's campaign in 64 BCE . Unfortunately there are many doubts as to its authenticity , accepted by some as authentic to the period , others date it a century later to an author who would not have direct knowledge of election realities . Structure and process ( edit ) Main article : Legislative assemblies of the Roman Republic At the origin of the Republic the only elected positions were the two consuls ; over the course of the Republic new public offices were added , and by the end of the Republic 44 public offices were elected . All were elected annually to one - year terms , accepting the censor whose term covered a lustrum of five years . The only public offices which were not elected positions were the dictator and his deputy the Master of the Horse , who were appointed , but only in emergency circumstances . The office holders were elected by different assemblies . The Centuriate Assembly elected the highest offices of consul , praetor , and censor . This assembly divided all adult male citizens in 193 centuries . Its organization was descended from that of early Roman Army , and the centuries were organized into tiers rank and property with cavalry equites at the top and unarmed and unpropertied at the bottom . Quaestors , and curule aediles were elected by the Tribal Assembly , while tribunes and plebeian aedilea were elected by the Plebeian Council . These were divided into 35 tribes , geographical units of voters . The membership of the two is almost identical , with the only difference that patricians were excluded from the Plebeian Council . The Centuriate Assembly voted at the Campus Martius . Originally the other two assemblies voted at the Forum , but later also moved to the Campus Martius . Voting was by group . A majority of 97 of the 193 centuries or 18 of the 35 tribes was needed to be elected . The groups varied greatly by population , with the wealthy centuries having far fewer voters per century than the poorer ones . The tribes were also unbalanced with the four urban tribes having far more possible voters . For the Centuriate voting was in descending order by class . The first property class would divide itself first into their 35 tribes , and then split each tribe by age forming the iuniores ( juniors ) and the seniores ( seniors ) . This would form 70 centuries , each with a vote . The iuniores would vote first , and one of them would be chosen by lot . This group , known as the centuria praerogativa , would be the first to vote , and it would have its results announced before every other century voted . Cicero put great weight on the ability of this first announced result to sway other voters . After the centuria praerogativa the other 34 iuniores would have their results announced simultaneously . Next the 35 seniors and the 18 equites would cast their ballots . The first property class and the equites combined for 98 votes , and if they were unanimous a candidate would be declared elected and no other centuries would vote . If no majority was reached , balloting would continue through the lower property classes until a majority was reached . The Tribal Assembly did not have a similar order of precedence . Each of the 35 tribes voted simultaneously . The results were then counted and announced in an order determined by lot . Once a candidate had reached a majority of 18 tribes , counting would stop . Voting itself was originally oral and initiated via a magistrate 's call for public meeting . Candidates would stand before the electorate , without having prepared any sort of formal speech , and voters would separate to different sections of the saepta ( a large unroofed wooden structure with 35 divisions ) according to tribe . Each division was connected to the magistrate 's tribunal by a pons ( plank ) over which the voters would pass to cast their ballots . Each compartment had their votes taken individually and then given to tabulators on the tribunal . Till 139 BC , citizens cast their votes verbally by stating a desired candidate 's name while rogatores ( tabulators ) marked off the votes on wax tablets . The lex Gabinia tabellaria of 139 BC introduced the secret ballot , where each voter wrote the initials of the desired candidate on a small wax tablet to be placed in a box known as the cista at the exit of each of the pontes . To prevent dishonesty , poll watchers guarded the ballot boxes and the official tabulators , now called custodes , counted the votes . The process of voting itself occurred either in the capital 's forum before the temple of Castor and Pollux or before the Rostra , although limited space prevented all the tribes from voting at once . Campaigning ( edit ) A campaign would begin when the election day was announced by the magistrate in charge of elections . In 98 BCE the Lex Caecilia Didia set the campaign length between 17 and 25 days . A core campaign activity was canvassing in the Forum . The candidate would walk to the forum surrounded by a group of supporters , to meet another cluster of allies in the Forum . At the forum the candidate would shake hands with the eligible voters . Whispering into the ear of some candidates would be a nomenclator , a slave who had been trained to memorize the names of all the voters , so that the candidate could greet them all by name . The person running for office would wear an especially whitened toga , known as the toga candida . It is from this term that we get the modern word candidate . Some candidates may have extended their canvassing to the rural markets around Rome , once those outside the city were allowed to vote . Political rallies were not permitted in Roman elections . To attract voters candidates instead held banquets and gave away free tickets to the games . To pay for these either a candidate had to be wealthy , or rely on the sponsorship of wealthy friends . There are cases of people going ruinously into debt to fund their campaigns . There were no attempts to restrict who could donate or how much , but there were several laws passed attempting to limit candidate spending on banquets and games . Development of candidacy ( edit ) Public voting in Rome was originally a process that did not allow for a true choice from the people . After the Senate prepared a list of candidates , it was the magistrate that narrowed the list to the two candidates that could contend for the nomination . Later on in the Roman Republic a practice called professio was established , in which potential candidates started to `` profess to the magistrate '' their wish to be nominated for candidacy . This led to the nominated candidates publicly advertising their aspirations to office and even `` ( conducting ) their own canvass , '' clearly campaigning with the idea of voters ' choice in mind . Still , the people 's power could be limited , as there were a few instances in 201 BC and 169 BC when candidates suspiciously became elected just a day after they declared themselves a candidate , which would of course allow no real time for the people to be aware of , much less vote for , such last - minute choices . In the later century , however , more concrete rules were established regarding the behavior and canvassing of candidates . These laws kept people from declaring candidacy the day before an election , requiring the professio to be made before a certain set date . Campaigning strategies ( edit ) Politicians running for a position of power in the Roman Republic followed campaigning strategies similar to those used by modern politicians . In a contemporary letter written to consul candidate Marcus Cicero by his brother , Quintus , during Marcus ' campaign , Quintus wrote on the various campaigning strategies that would help Marcus be elected . One of the most important tips Quintus emphasized was that Marcus should create friendships with men of a higher status because these were the men that had the most influence . In addition to creating relationships with the wealthy , Quintus also advised Marcus to `` remind everyone in your debt that they should repay you with their support . '' In order to have a chance to be elected , politicians needed to recall any favors owed to them because they needed all the support they could receive . Furthermore , in a similar fashion to modern politics , politicians in the Roman Republic needed to please everyone , whether that meant making promises they knew they could not keep or simply being very polite . In Marcus 's response to his brother , he noted that `` people would prefer you give them a gracious lie than an outright refusal . '' Thus , all that mattered was that the politician kept everyone happy , even if that meant lying to their supporters . In addition to flattery and favor - trading , politicians would even resort to ad hominem tactics ; in particular , one can find inscribed on the walls of public buildings in Pompeii numerous attacks on the character or constituency of opponents running for office . Some clever candidates ( or their supporters ) apparently scrawled derisive messages implying that only unsavory characters such as `` the sneak thieves ... the whole company of late drinkers ( and ) late risers '' supported the opposing candidate . Evidently , strategies for campaigning in republican Rome were very similar to the strategies modern day politicians use . Corruption ( edit ) Main article : Ambitus Since most voters saw elections as irrelevant to their own lives , many candidates resorted to bribery to convince the people to cast their votes . Bribery became such a commonplace practice in the later Republic that it was seen as a normal part of the political process , and ranged anywhere from the blatant promising of money to simply hosting games and entertaining the people . Sometime during the mid-second century , Polybius noted the prohibition of bribery , but this proved to be useless as it continued to be prominent in elections and was very difficult to differentiate between bribery and the patronage system . Some evidence suggests that as the dominance of the practice grew , the number of men who gained the consulship without any consulates in his family grew as well . Political office , then , was no longer restricted to those of noble birth , and the Republic began to transition from an aristocratic government to become more oligarchic in nature . Interestingly , some sources assert that the money gained from bribes actually helped common voters afford the cost of voting . In fact , the biggest target of this corruption was these poorer citizens , revealing that these voters still had considerable influence in the outcome of elections . However , the consequences of such corruption caused a lack of faith in the constitution and the political process , which led , in part , to civil war . Corruption posed the greatest problem in the later Republic when the lucrative benefits of high office led to more competitive elections . Candidates were frequently accused of breaking the laws restricting spending , and also of directly bribing voters . Electoral crimes were known as ambitus , and there was a long series of laws passed trying to eliminate it , seemingly to little effect . In the consular election of 59 BCE , both Julius Caesar and his rival Bibulus committed to large bribes . In the election of 54 BCE two candidates promised the vast sum of the 10 million sesterces to the centuria praerogativa for its vote . Representation and electorate ( edit ) Elections in the Roman Republic were often characterized by tension between the patricians and the plebeians and , as modern scholarship has shown , were dominated by the oligarchic elite . The Tribal Council on its surface was equitable , for example , but actually worked in favor of elites who had the resources to travel to the city to participate in the election . The Roman system clients and patronage also ensured that votes of the lower classes were tied to an elite . While voting was more open , running for office was much more restricted . Being a candidate had more stringent property tests , and required ten years of military service . Through the entire history of the Republic running and winning office was dominated by the elite families . The plebeian group , consisting mostly of rural farmers , gained greater political representation only slowly over time . By the middle of the 5th century BCE , the plebeians had gained enough political power that an assembly of them called the Concilium ( a consolidation of a number of other disjointed plebeian assemblies ) was able to elect ten tribunes , or representatives , annually . The Concilium was notable in that it was the first to represent all plebeians , not just those in the city . It was also one of few assemblies of its time to employ group voting , in which each tribe of plebeians agreed on a single vote to cast , similar to the United States ' electoral college and some processes of English Parliament . When it came to electing officials and magistrates higher up , though , that responsibility still lay with the Centuriate Assembly , which was for the most part controlled by patrician interests . Eventually , that too changed to include the votes of more than 35 countryside plebeian tribes . Once the lower class had greater political representation , there came greater opportunity for them to finally ascend the political and social ladder , making the `` rule by the people '' a more attainable goal . Electorate and turnout ( edit ) Voting for most offices was open to all full Roman citizens , a group that excluded women , slaves and originally those living outside of Rome . In the early Republic the electorate would have been small , but as Rome grew it expanded . The Lex Julia of 90 BCE extending voting rights to citizens across Italy greatly expanded the franchise . By the final Republican census of 70 BCE there were 910,000 possible electors . One unknown is how the Romans kept track of who was eligible to vote . Debates over the franchise were frequent , and differentiating voters from non-voters must have been done . One possibility is that as voters gathered as a tribe the members would be well known enough to each other that an outsider could be spotted , but as populations grew this would have been difficult . Historians have proposed that a central voters list was kept or that citizens were given some form of voter identification , but no sources or archaeological evidence survives for either . Another debated issue is turnout . No contemporary source indicates how many cast ballots in an election . One clue to an approximate number is the size of the voting area . As consul Julius Caesar began the construction of a structure on the Campus Martius to hold the population while voting . The size of the structure , if completely filled with voters could have held between 30,000 and 70,000 people . This is almost certainly a high estimate , as open spaces for conducting to polling itself would at the least have been required . Cicero mentions in one work that the voting for a single consul in 45 BCE took 5 hours , with the equites and the first and second classes voting . From what we know of how the voting was structured historians have estimated that at most between 6,000 and 16,800 could have voted in that election . With an electorate of 910,000 , even the most generous guesses put voter turnout below 10 % . End of elections ( edit ) The reign of Caesar Augustus saw the final decline of democratic elections in Rome . Augustus undermined and lessened the significance of the election results , eventually eliminating elections entirely . He also diminished the importance of the offices themselves - the senate was full of his supporters , so candidacy was based on flattery and not on merit , since he could nominate senators freely and essentially controlled all membership . Augustus had extensive influence over the magistrates as well ; he was given the power to grant commendation to candidates for office , which became a guarantee of winning the election . He later nullified the power of the elected tribunes by assuming the powers of a tribune without actually holding the office itself , allowing him to act as one without other tribunes challenging him . This included casting down any legislation proposed by the others , significantly decreasing the power of the tribunes . Because of this , even though elections still occurred , the results mattered far less than they had under the Republic . Eventually , late in his principate , Augustus eliminated direct election entirely , establishing designatio by a group of senators and equites . Citizens were still allowed to elect municipal officers , but filling higher level posts was left entirely to those already in power . There is evidence that elections continued at the municipal level for some time after outside of Rome . The remains of Pompeii found several graffiti inscriptions lauding one candidate or another , indicating that contested elections were still underway there in 79 CE . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Adcock 1964 , pp. 19 - 35 . ^ Jump up to : Staveley 1972 , p. 148 . ^ Jump up to : Vishnia 2012 , p. 106 Jump up ^ Yakobson 1999 , p. 20 Jump up ^ Vishnia 2012 , p. 108 ^ Jump up to : Vishnia 2012 , p. 105 Jump up ^ Taylor 1966 , p. 4 Jump up ^ Vishnia 2012 , p. 123 ^ Jump up to : Staveley 1972 , p. 159 . Jump up ^ Best 1974 , 428 - 38 . ^ Jump up to : Vishnia 2012 , p. 112 Jump up ^ Vishnia 2012 , p. 111 Jump up ^ Staveley 1972 , 146 . Jump up ^ Cicero & Carville 2012 , pp. 18 -- 28 Jump up ^ Inscriptions from houses in Pompeii , 79 AD . See Davis 1912 -- 13 ) , pp. 260 - 265 . ^ Jump up to : Yakobson 2012 ^ Jump up to : Lintott 1990 , pp. 1 - 16 . Jump up ^ Roper 2013 , pp. 37 - 61 . Jump up ^ Vishnia 2012 , p. 139 Jump up ^ Yakobson 1999 , p. 9 Jump up ^ Adcock 1964 , p. 30 . Jump up ^ Staveley 1972 , pp. 122 , 133 . Jump up ^ Adcock 1964 , pp. 32 , 34 . Jump up ^ Adcock 1964 , p. 31 . ^ Jump up to : Vishnia 2012 , p. 125 ^ Jump up to : Adcock 1964 , p. 76 Jump up ^ Staveley 1972 , p. 224 . References ( edit ) Adcock , F.E. ( 1964 ) . Roman political ideas and practice . Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 472 - 06088 - 7 . Cicero , Quintus Tullius ; Carville , James ( 2012 ) . `` Campaign Tips From Cicero : The Art of Politics , From the Tiber to the Potomac '' . Foreign Affairs . Council on Foreign Relations . 91 ( 3 ) : 18 -- 28 -- via JSTOR . ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . Best , Edward E. ( 1974 ) . `` Literacy and Roman Voting '' . Historia : Zeitschrift Für Alte Geschichte. 23 ( 4 ) : 428 -- 38 -- via JSTOR . ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . Lintott , Andrew ( 1990 ) . `` Electoral Bribery in The Roman Republic '' . Journal of Roman Studies . 80 : 1 -- 16 . doi : 10.2307 / 300277 . Roper , Brian S. ( 2013 ) . `` Democracy Suppressed : The Roman Republic and Empire '' . The history of democracy : a Marxist interpretation . London : Pluto Press . pp. 37 -- 61 . ISBN 978 - 0745331898 -- via JSTOR . ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . Staveley , E.S. ( 1972 ) . Greek and Roman voting and elections . Ithaca , N.Y. : Cornell University Press . ISBN 978 - 0801406935 . Taylor , Lily Ross ( 1990 ) . Roman voting assemblies from the Hannibalic War to the dictatorship of Caesar ( 1st ed . ) . Ann Arbor , Michigan : University of Michigan Press . ISBN 0 - 472 - 08125 - X . Vishnia , Rachel Feig ( 2012 ) . Roman elections in the age of Cicero : society , government , and voting . New York : Routledge . ISBN 978 - 0415879699 . Yakobson , Alexander ( 1999 ) . Elections and electioneering in Rome : a study in the political system of the late republic . Stuttgart : Steiner . ISBN 978 - 3515074810 . Yakobson , Alexander ( 2012 ) . `` Elections , Roman '' . In Bagnall , Roger S . The Encyclopedia of Ancient History . Malden , MA : Wiley - Blackwell . ISBN 978 - 1405179355 . External links ( edit ) Campaign Tips From Cicero Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_the_Roman_Republic&oldid=838170617 '' Categories : Elections by country Elections in Europe Government of the Roman Republic Hidden categories : Pages containing links to subscription - only content Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 25 April 2018 , at 10 : 32 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: who was allowed to vote in the roman republic


Rapper 's Delight - wikipedia Rapper 's Delight Jump to : navigation , search `` Rapper 's Delight '' Single by The Sugarhill Gang from the album Sugarhill Gang Released September 16 , 1979 Format 12 '' Recorded August 2 , 1979 Genre Old - school hip hop , disco , funk Length 3 : 55 ( single version ) 6 : 30 ( 12 '' short version ) 14 : 35 ( album version ) Label Sugar Hill Songwriter ( s ) The Sugarhill Gang , Sylvia Robinson , Nile Rodgers , Bernard Edwards , Grandmaster Caz Producer ( s ) Sylvia Robinson The Sugarhill Gang singles chronology `` Rapper 's Delight '' ( 1979 ) `` 8th Wonder '' ( 1980 ) `` Rapper 's Delight '' ( 1979 ) `` 8th Wonder '' ( 1980 ) `` Rapper 's Delight '' 30 second sample of `` Rapper 's Delight '' from Sugarhill Gang Problems playing this file ? See media help . `` Rapper 's Delight '' is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson . While it was not the first single to include rapping , `` Rapper 's Delight '' is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience . It was a prototype for various types of rap music , incorporating themes such as boasting , dance , honesty and sex , with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown . The track also used samples from Chic 's `` Good Times '' , resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement ; a settlement was reached that gave the two songwriter credits . `` Rapper 's Delight '' is number 251 on the Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and number 2 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Hip - Hop Songs . It is also included in NPR 's list of the 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century . It was preserved into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress in 2011 . Songs on the National Recording Registry are `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' The song was recorded in a single take . There are three versions of the original version of the song : 14 : 35 ( 12 '' long version ) , 6 : 30 ( 12 '' short version ) , and 3 : 55 ( 7 '' shortened single version ) . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Personnel 3 History 4 In popular culture 5 Charts and certifications 5.1 Weekly charts 5.2 Year - end charts 5.3 Certifications and sales 5.4 Chart succession 6 References 7 External links Background ( edit ) In late 1978 , Debbie Harry suggested that Chic 's Nile Rodgers join her and Chris Stein at a hip hop event , which at the time was a communal space taken over by teenagers with boombox stereos playing various pieces of music that performers would break dance to . Rodgers experienced this event the first time himself at a high school in the Bronx . On September 20 and 21 , 1979 , Blondie and Chic were playing concerts with The Clash in New York at The Palladium . When Chic started playing `` Good Times '' , rapper Fab Five Freddy and the members of the Sugarhill Gang ( `` Big Bank Hank '' Jackson , Mike Wright , and `` Master Gee '' O'Brien ) , jumped up on stage and started freestyling with the band . A few weeks later Rodgers was on the dance floor of New York club Leviticus and heard the DJ play a song which opened with Bernard Edwards 's bass line from Chic 's `` Good Times '' . Rodgers approached the DJ who said he was playing a record he had just bought that day in Harlem . The song turned out to be an early version of `` Rapper 's Delight '' , which also included a scratched version of the song 's string section . Rodgers and Edwards immediately threatened legal action over copyright , which resulted in a settlement and their being credited as co-writers . Rodgers admitted that he was originally upset with the song , but later declared it to be `` one of his favorite songs of all time '' and his favorite of all the tracks that sampled ( or in this instance interpolated ) Chic . He also stated : `` As innovative and important as ' Good Times ' was , ' Rapper 's Delight ' was just as much , if not more so . '' A substantial portion of the early stanzas of the song 's lyrics was borrowed by Jackson from Grandmaster Caz ( Curtis Fisher ) who had loaned his ' book ' to him -- these include a namecheck for `` Casanova Fly '' , which was Caz 's full stage name . According to Wonder Mike , he had heard the phrase `` hip - hop '' from a cousin , leading to the opening line of `` Hip - hop , hippie to the hippie , to the hip - hip - hop and you do n't stop '' , whilst he described `` To the bang - bang boogie , say up jump the boogie to the rhythm of the boogie , the beat '' as `` basically a spoken drum roll . I liked the percussive sound of the letter B '' . The line `` Now what you hear is not a test , I 'm rappin ' to the beat '' , was inspired by the introduction to The Outer Limits ( `` There is nothing wrong with your television set . Do not attempt to adjust the picture '' ) . Before the `` Good Times '' background starts , the intro to the recording is an interpolation of `` Here Comes That Sound Again '' by British studio group Love De-Luxe , a dance hit in 1979 . According to Oliver Wang , author of the 2003 Classic Material : The Hip - Hop Album Guide , recording artist ( `` Pillow Talk '' ) and studio owner Sylvia Robinson had trouble finding anyone willing to record a rap song . Most of the rappers who performed in clubs did not want to record , as many practitioners believed the style was for live performances only . It is said that Robinson 's son heard Big Bank Hank in a pizza place . According to Master Gee , Hank auditioned for Robinson in front of the pizza parlour where he worked , whilst Gee himself auditioned in Robinson 's car . A live band was used to record most of the backing track , including members of the group `` Positive Force '' : Albert Pittman , Bernard Roland , Moncy Smith , and Bryan Horton . Chip Shearin claimed in a 2010 interview that he was the bass player on the track . When aged 17 , he was visiting a friend in New Jersey . The friend knew Robinson , who needed some musicians for various recordings , including `` Rapper 's Delight '' . Shearin 's job on the song was to play the bass for 15 minutes straight , with no mistakes . He was paid $70 but later went on to perform with Sugarhill Gang in concert . Shearin described the session this way : The drummer and I were sweating bullets because that 's a long time . And this was in the days before samplers and drum machines , when real humans had to play things ... Sylvia said , ' I 've got these kids who are going to talk real fast over it ; that 's the best way I can describe it . ' Wang said : There 's this idea that hip - hop has to have street credibility , yet the first big hip - hop song was an inauthentic fabrication . It 's not like the guys involved were the ' real ' hip - hop icons of the era , like Grandmaster Flash or Lovebug Starski . So it 's a pretty impressive fabrication , lightning in a bottle . Personnel ( edit ) Michael `` Wonder Mike '' Wright - Vocals Henry `` Big Bank Hank '' Jackson - Vocals Guy `` Master Gee '' O'Brien - Vocals Unknown - turntables Bernard Roland or Chip Shearin - electric bass Albert Pittman or Brian Morgan - electric guitar Moncy Smith - piano Bryan Horton - drums Sylvia Robinson - additional vocals , vibraphone , and production Billy Jones - engineer Phil Austin - mastering , original US vinyl release History ( edit ) `` Rapper 's Delight '' peaked at number 36 in January 1980 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart , number 4 on the U.S. Hot Soul Singles chart in December 1979 , number 1 on the Canadian Singles Chart in January 1980 , number 1 on the Dutch Top 40 , and number 3 on the UK Singles Chart . The single sold over 2 million copies in the United States , grossing US $3.5 million for Sugar Hill Records . In 1980 , the song was the anchor of the group 's first album The Sugarhill Gang . It was the first Top 40 song to be available only as a 12 - inch extended version in the U.S. Early pressings ( very few ) were released with a red label , with black print , on Sugar Hill Records , along with a 7 '' 45rpm single ( which is very rare ) . Later pressings had the more common blue label , in orange colored `` roulette style '' sleeves , while even later pressings were issued in the more common blue sleeves with the Sugarhill Records logo . In Europe , however , it was released on the classic 7 - inch single format on French pop label Vogue , with a shorter version of the song . It was this 7 '' single that reached number one in the Dutch chart . The song ranked number 251 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2004 list of `` 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . A British version of the song , with rewritten lyrics , was recorded for the song 's 25th anniversary in 2004 by an ensemble of performers including Rodney P , Chester P , Kano , Simone , Yungun , Sway , J2K , Swiss , Baby Blue , Skibadee , Luke Skys , and MC D . In 2014 the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . In popular culture ( edit ) In the 1998 movie The Wedding Singer , Ellen Albertini Dow ( as the character Rosie ) performed some of the song . Her performance was also included on the film 's soundtrack . The chorus of The Ketchup Song by Las Ketchup incorporates the lyrics `` I said a hip hop , the hippie , the hippie '' in a nonsensical distortion ( `` Aserejé ja de je de jebe '' ) . During a dream sequence in the 2003 film Kangaroo Jack , the titular kangaroo sings a bit of the song . In `` My Old Friend 's New Friend '' , a 2004 episode of the TV sitcom Scrubs , the Sugarhill Gang appears in two of J.D. 's fantasies singing the song . The song appeared on the soundtrack of the 1999 PS1 game , Thrasher Presents : Skate and Destroy , as well as the 2004 game Tony Hawk 's Underground 2 . A February 2014 episode of Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon showed a mashup video of Brian Williams singing the song during the show 's first week . The video also included Lester Holt . The song is mentioned in the 2015 song `` Art Deco '' by Lana Del Rey . The song was performed by the Swedish Chef during `` Pig Out '' , a 2015 episode of The Muppets . Redfoo of LMFAO released his solo debut album , Party Rock Mansion , on March 18 , 2016 . The third track on the album , titled `` Too Much '' , resembles `` Rapper 's Delight '' . The song is sung by the main characters in the 2016 movie Everybody Wants Some ! ! . The song was used in Apple 's 2016 WWDC conference , when Bozoma Saint John demonstrated the features of the revamped Apple Music application . Austrian rapper and musician Falco used lyrics from `` Rapper 's Delight '' in his songs `` The Sound of Musik '' and `` Body Next to Body , '' the latter a duet with actress Brigitte Nielsen . In the Fox comedy The Simpsons , the song was parodied on a safety video using the lyrics to tell children to use a crosswalk to cross the street . The song was used in a Honda advertisement nicknamed `` The Cog '' , where it was played after the completion of a Rube Goldberg effect . In an episode of Martin , Cole ( Carl Payne ) briefly performs the song to audition for rapper Biggie Smalls , who made a guest appearance on the show . In the final episode of `` The Get Down '' , the song is played during the credits . Mexican singer Aleks Syntek 's single `` Tu necesitas '' , has similar rapped parts , sung in Spanish . Rock band INXS song `` I Need You Tonight '' has a similar guitar riff and the beginning of the song that clearly resembles that of rapper 's delight melody . R&B trio TLC used the sample of the original song while Left Eye raps the line on the track `` Switch '' from their 1994 studio album CrazySexyCool , produced by Jermaine Dupri . Charts and certifications ( edit ) Weekly charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1979 -- 1980 ) Peak position Australia ( ARIA ) 37 Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) 5 Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) Canada ( RPM ) France ( IFOP ) Germany ( Official German Charts ) Ireland ( Irish Singles Chart ) 14 Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) 18 Norway ( VG - lista ) Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) US Billboard Hot 100 36 Year - end charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1980 ) Peak position Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) 27 France ( IFOP ) 33 Certifications and sales ( edit ) Region Certification Certified units / Sales Canada ( Music Canada ) Platinum 10,000 Spain ( PROMUSICAE ) Gold 10,000 United Kingdom ( BPI ) Silver 250,000 United States ( RIAA ) 2x Platinum 2,000,000 France 623,000 shipments figures based on certification alone Chart succession ( edit ) Preceded by `` Escape ( The Piña Colada Song ) '' by Rupert Holmes Canadian Singles Chart January 26 -- February 2 , 1980 Succeeded by `` Coward of the County '' by Kenny Rogers Preceded by `` I Have a Dream '' by ABBA Dutch number - one single February 2 -- 16 , 1980 Succeeded by `` Crying '' by Don McLean References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Lynch , Joe ( October 13 , 2014 ) . `` 35 Years Ago , Sugarhill Gang 's ' Rapper 's Delight ' Made Its First Chart Appearance '' . Billboard . Archived from the original on February 24 , 2015 . Retrieved February 24 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Complete National Recording Registry Listing '' . Library of Congress . Retrieved 18 December 2015 . Jump up ^ `` New Entries to National Recording Registry '' . Library of Congress . Retrieved 18 December 2015 . Jump up ^ `` ' Rapper 's Delight ' '' . National Public Radio . December 29 , 2000 . Retrieved 2010 - 12 - 20 . The story goes that Big Bank Hank , Wonder Mike , and Master Gee met Sylvia Robinson on a Friday and recorded `` Rapper 's Delight '' the following Monday in just one take . Jump up ^ `` The Story of Rapper 's Delight by Nile Rodgers '' . RapProject.tv . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Twenty First Century Music : Nile Rodgers interviewed by Peter Paphides at Waterstone 's , Piccadilly , London '' . Twentyfirstcenturymusic.blogspot.com. 2011 - 11 - 10 . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on October 13 , 2007 . Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Writing cred for ' Rapper 's Delight ' sparks grudge '' . New York Post . Retrieved October 12 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Simpson , Dave ( 2 May 2017 ) . `` Sugarhill Gang : how we made Rapper 's Delight '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 3 May 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Positive Force - Biography & History - AllMusic '' . AllMusic . Retrieved March 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Albert Pittman '' . www.facebook.com . Retrieved March 23 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Menconi , David ( March 14 , 2010 ) . `` The riff that lifted rap '' . News & Observer . Archived from the original on July 14 , 2011 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 19 . ^ Jump up to : `` music - bnb '' . wixsite.com . Retrieved March 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The riff that lifted rap - Music - NewsObserver.com '' . archive.org . July 14 , 2011 . Archived from the original on July 14 , 2011 . Retrieved March 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Chip Shearin artist page '' . TC Electronic . Retrieved July 25 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Sugarhill Gang '' . EEG Talent . Retrieved July 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard Hot 100 Chart History '' . Song-database.com . Retrieved February 10 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Billboard - Google Boeken . Books.google.com . December 8 , 1979 . Retrieved 2014 - 02 - 10 . Jump up ^ `` Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada '' . Collectionscanada.gc.ca . Retrieved 2014 - 02 - 10 . ^ Jump up to : George , Nelson ( 1988 ) . The Death of Rhythm & Blues . New York , NY : Pantheon Books . p. 191 . ISBN 0142004081 . Retrieved June 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 35 Years Ago , Sugarhill Gang 's ' Rapper 's Delight ' Made Its First Chart Appearance '' . Jump up ^ `` Music : Rappers Delight 25th Anniversary Special BBC Radio 1Xtra by Bernard P Achampong Free Listening on SoundCloud '' . Soundcloud.com . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` GRAMMY Hall Of Fame Class Of 2014 '' . grammy.com. 21 June 2017 . Retrieved 25 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` TODO LO QUE SUBE DEBE BAJAR , LO IMPORTANTE ES QUE AHORA ESTAMOS ARRIBA '' . Terra Networks ( in Spanish ) . 2004 . Archived from the original on February 27 , 2014 . Retrieved 24 February 2014 . Jump up ^ Read , Max ( February 20 , 2014 ) . `` Brian Williams Does a Perfect `` Cover '' of `` Rapper 's Delight '' on Tonight `` . Gawker . Archived from the original on October 12 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Brian Williams Raps Rapper 's Delight '' Archived October 17 , 2015 , at the Wayback Machine ... Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon NBC . 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Get Down Part 2 Soundtrack ( Complete Song Listing ) - What 's On Netflix '' . whats-on-netflix.com. April 7 , 2017 . Retrieved March 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Australian-charts.com -- The Sugarhill Gang -- Rapper 's Delight '' . ARIA Top 50 Singles . Retrieved August 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Austriancharts.at -- The Sugarhill Gang -- Rapper 's Delight '' ( in German ) . Ö3 Austria Top 40 . Retrieved August 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Ultratop.be -- Sugarhill Gang -- Rappers Delight '' ( in Dutch ) . Ultratop 50 . Jump up ^ `` Top Singles - Volume 32 , No. 18 , January 26 , 1980 '' . RPM . Retrieved February 17 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on October 26 , 2013 . Retrieved 2013 - 06 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` Musicline.de -- The Sugarhill Gang Single - Chartverfolgung '' ( in German ) . Media Control Charts . PhonoNet GmbH . Retrieved August 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Jaclyn Ward - Fireball Media Ltd ( 1962 - 10 - 01 ) . `` The Irish Charts - All there is to know '' . Irishcharts.ie . Retrieved 2014 - 12 - 05 . Jump up ^ `` Nederlandse Top 40 -- The Sugarhill Gang '' ( in Dutch ) . Dutch Top 40 . Retrieved August 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Charts.org.nz -- The Sugarhill Gang -- Rapper 's Delight '' . Top 40 Singles . Retrieved August 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Norwegiancharts.com -- The Sugarhill Gang -- Rapper 's Delight '' . VG - lista . Retrieved August 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Swedishcharts.com -- The Sugarhill Gang -- Rapper 's Delight '' . Singles Top 100 . Retrieved August 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Swisscharts.com -- The Sugarhill Gang -- Rapper 's Delight '' . Swiss Singles Chart . Retrieved August 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Sugarhill Gang : Artist Chart History '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved August 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` The Sugarhill Gang Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` Canadian 1980 Top 100 Singles '' . Library and Archives Canada . Retrieved 24 January 2014 . Jump up ^ `` TOP - 1980 '' . Top.france.free.fr . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Canadian single certifications -- Sugar Hill Gang -- Rapper 's Delight '' . Music Canada . Jump up ^ Sólo Éxitos 1959 - 2002 Año A Año : Certificados 1979 - 1990 ( in Spanish ) . Iberautor Promociones Culturales . ISBN 8480486392 . Jump up ^ `` British single certifications -- Sugarhill Gang -- Rapper 's Delight '' . British Phonographic Industry . Enter Rapper 's Delight in the search field and then press Enter . Jump up ^ `` American single certifications -- Sugarhill Gang -- Rapper 's Delight '' . Recording Industry Association of America . If necessary , click Advanced , then click Format , then select Single , then click SEARCH Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on November 13 , 2008 . Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 26 . External links ( edit ) Rapper 's Delight on National Public Radio Official Music Video Silver jubilee for first rap hit -- BBC article about the single on its 25th anniversary The Story of Rapper 's Delight by Nile Rodgers The 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century - NPR The Sugarhill Gang Wonder Mike Master Gee Big Bank Hank Studio albums Sugarhill Gang ( 1980 ) 8th Wonder ( 1982 ) Rappin ' Down Town ( 1983 ) Livin ' in the Fast Lane ( 1984 ) Jump on It ! ( 1999 ) Singles `` Rapper 's Delight '' `` 8th Wonder '' `` Apache '' Chic Bernard Edwards Nile Rodgers Tony Thompson Nathaniel S. Hardy , Jr . Omar Hakim Robert Sabino Sylver Logan Sharp Luther Vandross Norma Jean Wright Diva Gray ( Robin Clark ) ) Studio albums Chic ( 1977 ) C'est Chic ( 1978 ) Risqué ( 1979 ) Real People ( 1980 ) Take It Off ( 1981 ) Soup For One ( 1982 ) Tongue in Chic ( 1982 ) Believer ( 1983 ) Chic - ism ( 1992 ) Live albums Live at the Budokan ( 1999 ) A Night in Amsterdam ( 2006 ) Produced by Chic Norma Jean Wright : Norma Jean ( 1978 ) Sister Sledge : We Are Family ( 1979 ) Sheila and B. Devotion : King of the World ( 1980 ) Sister Sledge : Love Somebody Today ( 1980 ) Diana Ross : diana ( 1980 ) Debbie Harry : KooKoo ( 1981 ) Johnny Mathis : I Love My Lady ( 1981 , unreleased ) Main compilations Les Plus Grands Succès De Chic : Chic 's Greatest Hits ( 1979 ) Freak Out : The Greatest Hits of Chic and Sister Sledge ( 1988 ) Megachic : Best of Chic ( 1990 ) Dance , Dance , Dance : The Best of Chic ( 1991 ) The Best of Chic , Volume 2 ( 1992 ) Everybody Dance ( 1995 ) Dance , Dance , Dance & Other Hits ( 1997 ) The Very Best of Chic & Sister Sledge ( 1999 ) The Very Best of Chic ( 2000 ) Good Times : The Very Best of the Hits & the Remixes ( Chic & Sister Sledge ) ( 2005 ) The Definitive Groove Collection ( 2006 ) Up All Night ( 2013 ) Notable singles `` Dance , Dance , Dance ( Yowsah , Yowsah , Yowsah ) '' `` Everybody Dance '' `` Le Freak '' `` I Want Your Love '' `` Good Times '' `` My Forbidden Lover '' `` My Feet Keep Dancing '' `` Rebels Are We '' `` Real People '' `` Stage Fright '' `` Soup for One '' `` Hangin ' '' `` Chic Mystique '' `` I 'll Be There '' Related articles Discography The Sugarhill Gang `` Rapper 's Delight '' `` Lady ( Hear Me Tonight ) '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapper%27s_Delight&oldid=835782184 '' Categories : 1979 singles Debut singles Disco songs Funk - rap songs The Sugarhill Gang songs Songs written by Bernard Edwards Songs written by Nile Rodgers Songs written by Sylvia Robinson United States National Recording Registry recordings Funk songs Hidden categories : CS1 Spanish - language sources ( es ) Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from February 2014 Articles with hAudio microformats All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from June 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015 Singlechart usages for Australia Singlechart usages for Austria Singlechart usages for Flanders Singlechart usages for German Singlechart usages for Dutch40 Singlechart usages for New Zealand Singlechart usages for Norway Singlechart usages for Sweden Singlechart usages for Switzerland Singlechart usages for UKchartstats Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 Certification Table Entry usages for Canada Certification Table Entry usages for Spain Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom Certification Table Entry usages for United States Certification Table Entry usages for France Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español فارسی Français Italiano עברית Polski Português Simple English Slovenčina Suomi Svenska Türkçe Vepsän kel ' 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 10 April 2018 , at 18 : 55 . 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Question: when did the song rapper's delight come out


Tiffany Coyne - wikipedia Tiffany Coyne Jump to : navigation , search Tiffany Lynn Adams Coyne Tiffany Lynn Adams ( 1982 - 05 - 06 ) May 6 , 1982 ( age 35 ) Layton , Utah , United States Nationality American Citizenship United States Occupation Game show model Spouse ( s ) Chris Coyne Children Scarlett Rose Coyne ( b . 1 August 2013 ) Modeling information Hair color Blonde Tiffany Adams Coyne ( born May 6 , 1982 ) is an American model and dancer . She is the model on Let 's Make a Deal , having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life and career 1.1 Personal life 2 References 3 External links Early life and career ( edit ) Tiffany Lynn Adams was born in Layton , Utah on May 6 , 1982 . She has two sisters , five step - sisters and two step - brothers . When she was three years old she started dancing , focusing on jazz , hip hop , and ballet dancing . As a youth , her family moved a lot because her mother `` liked to build houses . '' The family lived near Hill Air Force Base for a while . She went to middle school and one year of high school in West Haven , Utah . She completed her high school education at Northridge High School in Layton after the family moved back to the town . She was on the dance squad at nearby Fremont High School . After graduating from high school in 2000 she was a performer for two seasons with the America First Jazz Dancers for the Utah Jazz . During that time , she also taught dance classes locally . After working for the Jazz , she performed internationally on a cruise ship , including in Denmark , Sweden , Russia , and Norway . She relocated to Las Vegas , Nevada and performed in Jubilee ! , Fashionistas , and Sirens of TI . She also appeared in informercials . Let 's Make a Deal relaunched in 2009 in Las Vegas . Coyne auditioned multiple times and was hired . She kept working at in the Sirens of TI as a back up plan in case Let 's Make a Deal ended . She taped two episodes a day of Let 's Make a Deal and then worked at Sirens of TI at night . Deal moved to Los Angeles and Coyne would drive back and forth five days a week to work on both shows . She relocated to Los Angeles to start season two of Deal . Her role as a model at Deal has been described as `` to make prizes look better by her mere presence . '' To improve her improv skills while working with Wayne Brady and Jonathan Mangum , she took improv classes . She was on maternity leave for much of the first half of the 2013 - 14 season , and returned to taping September 2014 . Upon relocating to Los Angeles , Coyne played herself in The Bold and the Beautiful , was a stand in model for The Price Is Right , and modeled for United Airlines and Chase Bank . Personal life ( edit ) Her father is of German descent , and her mother is of Hungarian descent . She is married to Chris Coyne , whom she met while working on a cruise ship . They live in Los Angeles , California . Their first child , Scarlett Rose , was born in August , 2013. Their son , Carter Liam Coyne was born in February 2018 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Lowell , Lindsley . `` Let 's Make a Deal Model on Motherhood '' . GalTime . Retrieved 16 October 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Wright , Becky . `` Tiffany Coyne the real deal '' . Hers . Utah : Standard - Examiner . Archived from the original on 2012 - 01 - 14 . Retrieved 16 October 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Tiffany Coyne '' . Let 's Make a Deal . CBS . Retrieved 16 October 2013 . Jump up ^ Leon , Anya ; Monica Rizzo . `` Tiffany Coyne Welcomes Daughter Scarlett Rose '' . Moms & Babies . People . Retrieved 16 October 2013 . External links ( edit ) Tiffany Coyne on Instagram Tiffany Coyne on IMDb ( hide ) Utah Jazz Founded in 1974 Played in New Orleans ( 1974 -- 79 ) Based in Salt Lake City , Utah Franchise Franchise Summer League 1974 Expansion Draft All - time roster Draft history Records Head coaches Seasons Current season Arenas Loyola Field House New Orleans Municipal Auditorium Louisiana Superdome Salt Palace Vivint Smart Home Arena Personnel Checketts Gardner Rigby G League affiliate Salt Lake City Stars Administration Owner : Jazz Basketball Investors , Inc. ( represented by Gail Miller , widow of Larry H. Miller ) President : Steve Starks Executive VP , Basketball Operations : Kevin O'Connor General Manager : Dennis Lindsey Head coach : Quin Snyder Retired numbers 7 9 12 14 32 35 53 1223 Hot Rod Hundley ( Microphone ) Hall of Famers Pete Maravich Adrian Dantley John Stockton Jerry Sloan Hot Rod Hundley Karl Malone Western Conference Championships ( 2 ) 1997 1998 Division titles ( 9 ) 1984 1997 1998 2000 2007 2008 2017 Rivals Houston Rockets Culture and lore Jazz Bear Dan Roberts Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals Celtic Pride Tiffany Coyne `` Kill Gil , Volumes I & II '' ( The Simpsons episode ) Media TV AT&T SportsNet Rocky Mountain ( current ) KJZZ - TV ( former ) Radio Radio Network KZNS - AM KZNS - FM Announcers Craig Bolerjack Matt Harpring David Locke Ron Boone Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiffany_Coyne&oldid=827730223 '' Categories : Let 's Make a Deal Living people Female models from Utah Game show models American female dancers American dancers People from Layton , Utah Utah Jazz People from Los Angeles 1982 births Hidden categories : Articles with hCards Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 26 February 2018 , at 11 : 33 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: who's the model on let's make a deal