Tin Woodman - wikipedia Tin Woodman Jump to : navigation , search For the science fiction novel , see Tin Woodman ( novel ) . This article has an unclear citation style . The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Nick Chopper The Tin man Oz character The Tin Woodman as illustrated by William Wallace Denslow ( 1900 ) First appearance The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 1900 ) Created by L. Frank Baum Portrayed by Jack Haley Information Nickname ( s ) The Tin Woodman Aliases The Tin Man , Rusty Tin Man Species Former human ( in the novels , not in the 1939 MGM film The Wizard of Oz ) Gender Male Occupation Ruler of the Winkies Title Emperor Significant other ( s ) Nimmie Amee Relatives Chopfyt ( made with some of his human parts ) Nationality Munchkinland The Tin Woodman , better known as either the Tin Man or ( incorrectly ) the Tin Woodsman ( the third name appears only in adaptations , the first -- and in rare instances , the second -- was used by Baum ) , is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum . Baum 's Tin Woodman first appeared in his classic 1900 book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , and reappeared in many other Oz books . In late 19th - century America , men made out of various tin pieces were used in advertising and political cartoons . Baum , who was editing a magazine on decorating shop windows when he wrote The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , was reportedly inspired to invent the Tin Woodman by a figure he had built out of metal parts for a shop display . Contents ( hide ) 1 The books 2 The Tin Man in later fiction 3 Depictions on stage and screen 4 Modern works 5 Sources of the Tin Man image 6 References The books ( edit ) Originally an ordinary man by the name of Nick Chopper ( the name first appearing in The Marvelous Land of Oz ) , the Tin Woodman used to make his living chopping down trees in the forests of Oz , as his father had before him . The Wicked Witch of the East enchanted his axe to prevent him from marrying his sweetheart , after being bribed by the lazy old woman who kept the Munchkin maiden as a servant , and did not wish to lose her . ( In a later book of the series , The Tin Woodman of Oz , the woman is said to be the Witch 's servant , and it is the Witch herself who decides to enchant Nick 's axe . ) The enchanted axe chopped off his limbs , one by one . Each time he lost a limb , Ku - Klip the tinsmith replaced it with a prosthetic limb made of tin . Finally , nothing was left of him but tin . However , Ku - Klip neglected to replace his heart . Once Nick Chopper was made entirely of tin , he was no longer able to love the lady he had fallen for . In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , Dorothy Gale befriends the Tin Woodman after they find him rusted in the forest , as he was caught in rain , and use his oil can to release him . He follows her to the Emerald City to get a heart from The Wizard . They are joined on their adventure by the Scarecrow and the Cowardly Lion . The Wizard sends Dorothy and her friends to the Winkie Country to kill the Wicked Witch of the West . The Tin Woodman 's axe proves useful in this journey , both for chopping wood to create a bridge or raft as needed , and for chopping the heads off animals that threaten the party . When the Winged monkeys are sent by the Witch of the West against the group , they throw the Tin Woodman from a great height , damaging him badly . However Winkie Tinsmiths are able to repair him after the death of the Witch . His desire for a heart notably contrasts with the Scarecrow 's desire for brains , reflecting a common debate between the relative importance of the mind and the emotions . This occasions philosophical debate between the two friends as to why their own choices are superior ; neither convinces the other , and Dorothy , listening , is unable to decide which one is right . Symbolically , because they remain with Dorothy throughout her quest , she is provided with both and need not select . The Tin Woodman states unequivocally that he has neither heart nor brain , but cares nothing for the loss of his brain . Towards the end of the novel , though , Glinda praises his brain as not quite that of the Scarecrow 's . The Wizard turns out to be a `` humbug '' and can only provide a placebo heart made of silk and filled with sawdust . However , this is enough to please the Tin Woodman , who , with or without a heart , was all along the most tender and emotional of Dorothy 's companions ( just as the Scarecrow was the wisest and the Cowardly Lion the bravest ) . When he accidentally crushes an insect , he is grief - stricken and , ironically , claims that he must be careful about such things , while those with hearts do not need such care . This tenderness remains with him throughout the series , as in The Patchwork Girl of Oz , where he refuses to let a butterfly be maimed for the casting of a spell . When Dorothy returns home to her farm in Kansas , the Tin Woodman returns to the Winkie Country to rule as emperor . Later , he has his subjects construct a palace made entirely of tin -- from the architecture all the way down to the flowers in the garden . Baum emphasized that the Tin Woodman remains alive , in contrast to the windup mechanical man Tik - Tok Dorothy meets in a later book . Nick Chopper was not turned into a machine , but rather had his flesh body replaced by a metal one . Far from missing his original existence , the Tin Woodman is proud ( perhaps too proud ) of his untiring tin body . A recurring problem for the Tin Woodman in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and afterward was his tendency to rust when exposed to rain , tears , or other moisture . For this reason , in The Marvelous Land of Oz the character has himself nickel - plated before helping his friend the Scarecrow fight to regain his throne in the Emerald City . Even so , the Tin Woodman continues to worry about rusting throughout the Oz series . This is inaccurate , in that tin does not rust ; only iron does . This may reflect the usage where an object made of iron or steel but coated with tin ( in order to prevent rusting ) is called a `` Tin '' object , as a `` tin bath '' , a `` tin toy '' , or a `` tin can '' ; thus , the Tin Woodman might be interpreted ( in English , at least ) as being made of steel with a tin veneer . One passage in The Road to Oz , by Baum himself , wherein the Woodman attends Ozma 's birthday party accompanied by a Winkie band playing a song called `` There 's No Plate Like Tin , '' strongly implies that this is the case . Another explanation may be that the Woodman is chiefly made of tin , with iron joints ; in some of the illustrations , his joints are a different color from the rest of his body . In Alexander Volkov 's Russian adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , Volkov avoided this problem by the translation of `` The Tin Woodman '' as the `` Iron Woodchopper '' . The Tin Woodman appeared in most of the Oz books that followed . He is a major character in the comic page Baum wrote with Walt McDougall in 1904 - 05 , Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz . In Ozma of Oz , he commands Princess Ozma 's army , and is briefly turned into a tin whistle . In Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz , he serves as defense counsel in the trial of Eureka . He affects the plot of a book most notably in The Patchwork Girl of Oz , in which he forbids the young hero from collecting the wing of a butterfly needed for a magical potion because his heart requires him to protect insects from cruelty . Baum also wrote a short book titled The Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman , part of the Little Wizard Stories of Oz series for younger readers . In The Tin Woodman of Oz , Nick Chopper finally sets out to find his lost love , Nimmie Amee , but discovers that she has already married Chopfyt , a man constructed partly out of his own dismembered and discarded limbs . For the Tin Woodman , this encounter with his former fiancée is almost as jarring as his experiences being transformed into a tin owl , meeting another tin man , Captain Fyter , and conversing with his ill - tempered original head . Baum 's successors in writing the series tended to use the Tin Woodman as a minor character , still ruling the Winkie Country but not governing the stories ' outcome . Two exceptions to this pattern are Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz , by Ruth Plumly Thompson , and Lucky Bucky in Oz , by John R. Neill . The biggest exception is in Rachel Cosgrove 's The Hidden Valley of Oz , in which the Tin Woodman leads the forces in the defeat of Terp the Terrible and cuts down the Magic Muffin Tree that gives Terp his great size . The fact that Nick includes the natural deaths of his parents in the story of how he came to be made of tin has been a major element of debate . In his eponymous novel , he proclaims that no one in Oz ever died as far back as Lurline 's enchantment of the country , which occurred long before the arrival of any outsiders such as the Wizard . ( It should be noted , however , that although the living creatures of Oz do not die of age or disease , they may die of accidents or be killed by others . ) The Tin Man in later fiction ( edit ) In the 1998 novel The Tin Man , by Dale Brown , the eponymous protagonist is a power - armored vigilante whom the media and police have dubbed The Tin Man for his physical resemblance to the Wizard of Oz character . The Tin Woodman is a minor character in author Gregory Maguire 's 1995 revisionist novel Wicked : The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West , its 2003 Broadway musical adaptation and Maguire 's 2005 sequel Son of a Witch . In the book , Nessarose - the Wicked Witch of the East - is seen enchanting the axe to swing around and chop off Nick Chopper 's limbs . She does this for a peasant woman who wishes to stop her servant , probably Nimmie Amee , from marrying Nick Chopper . This seems to be close to the Tin Man 's origin in the original books , but from the Witch 's perspective . In the musical adaptation of Wicked the Tin Man is revealed to be Boq , a Munchkin whom Nessarose , the Wicked Witch of the East , fell in love with when they were at school together . When she discovered his heart belonged to Glinda , she botched a spell that was meant to make him fall in love with her by taking his heart , but instead shrunk his heart to nothing by taking it away without ' giving ' it to Nessa . To save his life , Elphaba , the Wicked Witch of the West , was forced to turn him into tin . Not understanding her reasons , he pursues Elphaba with a single - minded vengeance for his current form . The Tin Man 's humble origin in the novel conflicts with his having been the aristocratic Boq . In Oz Squad , Nick was shown in a sexual relationship with `` Rebecca Eastwitch '' in order to get closer to Nimmie Amee and attempt to elope with her . A darker twist to the beloved woodman is made by author James A. Owen in the fourth installment of his series , The Chronicles of the Imaginarium Geographica when his identity is revealed to be Roger Bacon . The Tin Woodman appears in the 2011 TV series Once Upon a Time episode `` Where Bluebirds Fly '' portrayed by Austin Obiajunwa ( as a teenager ) and by Alex Désert ( as an adult ) . In this version he goes by the name Stanum ( derived from the Latin word `` stannum '' , which means `` tin '' ) . Since youth , Stanum has been a woodcutter and one day when he first met Zelena , the daughter of another woodsman , he finds out that Zelena has magic and befriends her , regardless of whatever the children say about Zelena , who they see as a freak . Many years later , Stanum , now a man , is punished by the Wicked Witch of the North for chopping down a tree in her domain , and his body slowly begins to transform into tin . To prevent himself from completely becoming tin , Stanum seeks out help from Zelena ( now the Wicked Witch of the West ) at the Emerald City of Oz . Zelena agrees to help him seek out the Crimson Heart , which can save him . During their quest , Stanum tells Zelena that she does n't have to be lonely but she is doing her best to deny his advice . Suddenly , a lion comes of nowhere to attack Stanum , and Zelena uses her magic to make the lion go away ( at this point the lion has become as Zelena would put it , cowardly ) . When they finally arrived to the location of the Crimson Heart , the two learned that the only way to make it work is through the absorption of another person 's magic . Unfortunately Zelena 's actions and selfish greed for magic causes her to betray Stanum , whom she suspect was aligned with Dorothy by keeping the Crimson Heart for herself , leaving Stanum to transform into the Tin Man permanently . Some time later , when Robin Hood arrives in Oz in the episode `` Heart of Gold '' , the Tin Man is seen on the side of the Yellow Brick Road , torn apart . Depictions on stage and screen ( edit ) Poster for 1902 stage extravaganza Buddy Ebsen as the Tin Man In 1902 , Baum helped to adapt The Wizard of Oz into a wildly successful stage extravaganza . David C. Montgomery played the Tin Woodman , Niccolo Chopper ( who played the piccolo ) , opposite Fred Stone as the Scarecrow , and the team became headliners . The piccolo would continue to appear in early adaptations , such as the 1910 film , but was largely forgotten , and the name `` Niccolo '' never appeared in one of the books . Revisionist books like Oz Squad have referred to him as `` Nicholas , '' a name not found in the books , either . In the classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz , the Tin Man was played by actor Jack Haley . Originally , Ray Bolger was cast to play the role of Tin Man , despite his desire to play the Scarecrow . Buddy Ebsen was , at the time , cast as Scarecrow , and was convinced to swap roles with Bolger . While this pleased Bolger , it led to medical problems for Ebsen . The Tin Man 's makeup originally contained aluminum powder which got into Ebsen 's lungs , bringing him to the edge of death . He was rushed to a hospital and had to give up the role . Despite this , and the fact that the Tin Man 's makeup was changed to a safer aluminum paste , Ebsen went on to outlive both Bolger and Haley . Haley based his breathy speaking style in the movie on the voice he used for telling his son bedtime stories . His portrayal of the character is by far the most famous . There is no explanation in the film of how the Tin Man became the Tin Man . It is subtly implied that he was always made of tin ; the only reference to the tinsmith is the Tin Man 's remark `` The tinsmith forgot to give me a heart '' . Unlike the costumes of the Scarecrow ( in the National Museum of American History ) and Cowardly Lion ( two sets in private hands ) , that of the Tin Man `` was largely destroyed '' . Haley also portrayed the Tin Man 's Kansas counterpart , Hickory ( one of Aunt Em and Uncle Henry 's farmworkers ) . Screenwriter Noel Langley created this character for the film . Hickory helps Zeke ( Lion 's alter ego ) lower a bed into its place on a wagon at the farm . Unlike Zeke , Hickory and Hunk ( Scarecrow 's alter ego ) lose their hats with Uncle Henry as they struggle to open the cellar when the tornado approaches the farm . He reunites with Dorothy when she awakes from being unconscious . Hickory is seen with Aunt Em , Uncle Henry , Zeke , and Hunk as well as Professor Marvel ( The Wizard 's alter ego ) . In the original Broadway version of The Wiz , Tiger Haynes played the Tinman , a human woodcutter who became tin after the Wicked Witch of the East cursed his axe to chop him up ( as in the book ) . Nipsey Russell played the Tinman in the film adaptation of The Wiz . In this version , as in the 1939 movie , there is no explanation of how he became tin , just a reference of the `` genius who created me '' . He worked as the carnival barker and when the park was closed , he was abandoned , rusted and squeezed by his fourth wife , `` Teeny '' ( a heavy tin sculpture of a fat lady ) . He was saved by Dorothy and the Scarecrow . Ne - Yo played the Tinman in the TV special The Wiz Live ! . This version portrayed him as a construction worker on whom the Wicked Witch of the East developed an unrequited crush . When she found out he already had a girlfriend , `` Bertha '' , she became so jealous , she turned him into a heartless tinman . The Witch boasted afterwards that if she could n't have his heart , then no one could . Like Jack Haley in the 1939 movie , Ne - Yo also played one of Aunt Em 's farmhands - John , who walks with a metal leg brace . Other notable actors who have played the Tin Woodman include Oliver Hardy in a 1925 silent version of The Wizard of Oz directed by and starring Larry Semon , in which a villainous farmhand briefly fell into a tin pile and emerged as a `` Tin Woodsman '' ( sic ) . In subsequent scenes the tin was removed and he became `` Knight of the Garter '' . In the 1960 television adaptation of The Land of Oz , he was played by vaudeville comedian Gil Lamb ; in the 1969 film , The Wonderful Land of Oz he was played by Al Joseph ; and in the 1985 film Return to Oz , he was played by Deep Roy , a little person who was able to fit inside a costume that looked nearly identical to John R. Neill 's artwork . In the 1961 animated TV series , Tales of the Wizard of Oz and its sequel , the 1964 NBC animated television special Return to Oz , the Tin Man ( here named Rusty ) was voiced by Larry D. Mann . In the 1970s , the Tin Woodman appeared in a series of short animated educational films about heart health from Joleron Productions . In an episode of The World 's Greatest Super Friends , Superman temporarily became the Tin Man after a tornado took him , Wonder Woman , and Aquaman to Mister Mxyzptlk 's planet of Oz . In a 1981 episode of Scooby - Doo and Scrappy - Doo , Scrappy is dressed as the Tin Man after a tornado took him , Shaggy , and Scooby to `` Ahz '' , a direct spoof of Oz with a different spelling by its enunciation . In 1985 , the Tin Woodman appeared in the educational film Act on Arthritis as well as in promotional commercials . Roger Daltrey portrayed this character in the 1995 television stage performance The Wizard of Oz in Concert : Dreams Come True . The Kansas farmworker Hickory does not appear in this production . Daltrey performed a rock and roll tempo of `` If I Only Had a Heart '' in which he swung his microphone mimicking his Who persona . He also performed the bridge verses sung by the Tin Man in Nathan Lane 's long version of `` If I Only Had the Nerve '' . Toward the end , he hugged the Wizard ( Joel Grey ) saying to him `` Thank you from the bottom of my heart ! '' . In 1996 , they made a cartoon animated The Oz Kids . He has a son named Tin Boy . Like his father he can cut wood with his ax . And he has to be careful with water and snow or he 'll be rust . His voice played by Andy Milder . Hiroki Tsujiai from Ultra Maniac dresses as the Tin Man in the costume party . James Kall portrayed the Tin Man in the 2001 ABC miniseries Life with Judy Garland : Me and My Shadows . The Muppet Gonzo plays a similar role , the Tin Thing , in 2005 's television film The Muppets ' Wizard of Oz . In this version , he is the Wicked Witch 's research assistant , transformed into a robot to prevent him wanting a day off to marry Camilla . Gonzo 's other role is himself . He appears at the end of this film in the Muppets ' show . In 2006 , the Tin Man was the protagonist in a pair of television commercials for Chef Boyardee brand canned Beef Ravioli , in a costume identical to the design used in the 1939 Oz film . In the commercials , the Tin Man ( played by Australian actor David Somerville ) is pursued by groups of children due to the fact that an oversized Beef Ravioli can label has been affixed to the back of his cylindrical torso ( which he does n't notice until the midpoint of the first commercial ) ; thus , he appears to be a very large , mobile can of ravioli . In the first ad , the Tin Man escapes from his pursuers only to discover that the building he ducked into is an elementary school cafeteria full of hungry children and a teacher . The second ad begins with the Tin Man running through a residential neighborhood , accidentally adding to his pursuers when he stumbles across a backyard birthday party ; after fleeing across a golf course ( while dodging balls from the driving range ) , he is cornered in another backyard and threatened with a garden hose ( playing on the Tin Man 's classic weakness of rusting ) . As the scene shifts to the image of a Beef Ravioli can , sounds of water hitting metal and the Tin Man 's cries for help are heard . In 2006 , the Chicago Under Ground Film Festival premiered Lee Lynch 's feature film titled Transposition of the Great Vessels . Based on the story of his own parents , who moved from Redding to Los Angeles , in hopes of making a better life . His father wanted to work for the forest service , and his mother wanted to be a cook , but their baby was born with a rare heart condition . They were forced to give up those dreams , and make choices that would give them insurance and stability . A naturalist movie interspersed with dream sequences ; the `` Tin Woodman '' makes an appearance while on his deathbed , at UCLA Medical Center . At Sundance of 2007 , a film premiered by young director Ray Tintori entitled Death to the Tinman . It is a somewhat modernized retelling that takes place at sometime in the 1900s , in the town Verton , rather than Oz . However , the book of the same name , which tells the origins of the character , is cited by opening intertitles as the source . Although the basic premise is nearly identical , much of the details and all names and locations have been changed . This is partially due to the film 's satirical look at criminal reenactments , as it states at the beginning that names `` have been changed to protect the innocent . '' Perhaps the most interesting change that story makes , though , is the origin of the curse upon the Tinman 's Axe , which is changed from being the Witch to being a curse from God . This film won a short filmmaking award at Sundance . A 2007 CG animated short film called `` After Oz '' , produced by the film students at Vancouver Film School , centered on a stylized version of the Tin Man , after he has received his heart from Oz . The movie shows him moving through a colorful Oz city with his brand - new mechanical heart , before meeting a reddish female Tin Woman ( or robot ? ) to whom he gives the heart . She proceeds to cruelly play with the heart . An internet - collaboration , CG animated feature based on Baum 's book The Tin Woodman of Oz was produced by A : M Films , and completed in 2009 . In 2010 , Whitestone Motion Pictures produced a 23 - minute live - action short film , Heartless : The Story of the Tin Man . The film is based on the book The Tin Woodman of Oz , where Woot the Wanderer visits the Tin Man and asks how he came to be made of tin . In the film , the Tin Man appears to be more steam - or coal - powered . His chest cavity is covered by a door which reads `` Pedudoe Tin Co . '' but this is a reference to the workings of the film company , and not a reference to any Oz book or material . The movie was made available for free viewing online and free downloading of its soundtrack . In the 2013 prequel , Oz the Great and Powerful , although the Tin Woodman does not physically appear , the film introduces his creator , the Master Tinker , portrayed by Bill Cobbs . Tin Man appears in the animated film Legends of Oz : Dorothy 's Return ( which is based on Dorothy of Oz ) , voiced by Kelsey Grammer . The Woodsman , a 2012 stage play written by James Ortiz with music by Edward W. Hardy , tells the backstory of the Tin Man , using puppetry , movement , and music . The play has received multiple Off Broadway productions , and won a 2016 Obie Award for Ortiz 's puppet design . In the TV series Emerald City , the Tin Woodman equivalent is Jack ( Gerran Howell ) , a friend of the enigmatic Tip , who helps ' him ' escape from his imprisonment by a witch . When it is revealed that Tip is actually a girl whose true identity was suppressed by a potion , her strained emotional state causes her to push Jack over a balcony after he kisses her . Jack is subsequently found and rebuilt by scientists in a cyborg - like state ; his head and right arm are still organic , but his heart and the rest of his body has been replaced or covered by mechanical armour . The Tin Man appears in Once Upon a Time . In this show , he started out as a woodcutter named Stanum ( portrayed by Austin Obiajunwa as a young man and by Alex Désert as an adult ) who encountered a younger Zelena when she saved a bird 's nest . When two bullies show up to harm Zelena , Stanum helped to fend them off . Years later , Stanum comes to Zelena for help . He tells Zelena that he is slowly turning to tin after he was cursed by the Wicked Witch of the North for cutting down a tree in her area . Stanum states that the Crimson Heart artifact might be able to help him , but needs Zelena 's help to get by the beast that guards it . When close to its location , Stanum is attacked by a lion who is then fended off by Zelena . When they get to the heart , Zelena picks it up and felt some of her magic draining . When Zelena claims that Dorothy Gale put Stanum up to this task , Stanum commented that he never met Dorothy . He also stated that Zelena once claimed on the day they met that she would be happy being a normal human . As Stanum fully turns to tin and is unable to move , Zelena takes the box containing the Crystal Heart and leaves while telling Stanum that perhaps Dorothy will meet Stanum and free him . Modern works ( edit ) This article gives self - sourcing examples without describing their significance in the context of the article . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources that describe the examples ' significance , and by removing less pertinent examples . Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged or removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The song `` Country Robot / A Letter to Dorothy '' by The Incredible Moses Leroy is written from the Tin Man 's perspective ; it includes the lyrics `` You gave me oil , I was a rusty load / You even helped me find my heart . '' In the song `` Tin Man '' by the band America , the lyrics state that `` Oz never did give nothin ' to the Tin Man , that he did n't , did n't already have . '' The rest of the song has nothing to do with the Tin Man or Oz . Country artist Kenny Chesney recorded the song `` Tin Man '' for his album `` All I Need to Know '' . The first verse and refrain state : Tracy Chapman included a song titled `` Remember the Tinman '' on her 1995 album New Beginning . In the VeggieTales episode The Wonderful Wizard of Ha 's , the Tin Man and his Kansas counterpart from the 1939 film were played by Larry the Cucumber . In the 2007 Sci - Fi miniseries Tin Man , a `` Tin Man '' is a term used for the law enforcers of Central City in the Outer Zone ( O.Z. ) One of the story 's protagonists , Wyatt Cain ( played by Neal McDonough in the title role ) , is a Tin Man whose past left him hardened and distant from others . In addition , he is first found by Dorothy imprisoned in an iron suit that replays a non-stop loop of the capture of his wife and child . The Avett Brothers 2009 Album I and Love and You features a song called `` Tin Man '' . Verses of the Future Islands 2010 post-pop , synth - ballad Tin Man contain numerous metaphorical , Tin - Man related references . The song also features a powerful and climactic end chorus consisting solely of the repeated line - `` I am the Tin Man '' . In the 2011 direct - to - DVD animated film Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz , the Tin Man was voiced by Rob Paulsen . The Tin Man appears in Dorothy and the Witches of Oz played by Jordan Turnage . He appears in the form of a man named Nick ( played by Billy Boyd ) . A 1990 episode of Star Trek : The Next Generation is titled `` Tin Man . '' The Phineas & Ferb episode `` Wizard of Odd '' features the Tin Man in his rusted state , but he is never freed from this condition . He is also featured in an end credits song entitled `` Rusted . '' Mickey Mouse Clubhouse did a parody special entitled `` The Wizard of Dizz , '' in which the role of the Tin Man is played by Mickey Mouse . The parody The Muppets ' Wizard of Oz featured Gonzo the Great in the role of the Tin Man . In the game Code Name : S.T.E.A.M. , Tin Man , along with other Oz characters , is a playable character . His design is more based on Japanese culture and he have the ability to give steam to allies . The Tin Woodman appears as a major antagonist in Danielle Paige 's Dorothy Must Die novel series . In this series , Dorothy and her friends have been corrupted by Dorothy 's use of magic and the ' magic ' in the gifts they received from the Wizard , with the Tin Woodman now driven by a twisted ' love ' for Dorothy that is nevertheless unrequited . He is described as possessing a more twisted appearance , with his legs compared to horses ' legs and his hands possessing knives for fingers . At the conclusion of the first novel , series protagonist Amy Gumm cuts out his heart , having been informed by the Wizard that she must take the gifts of Dorothy 's companions to kill Dorothy herself . Sources of the Tin Man image ( edit ) 1890 cartoon portraying President Benjamin Harrison as a knight in tin armor Economics and history professors have published scholarly studies that indicate the images and characters used by Baum and Denslow closely resembled political images that were well known in the 1890s . They state that Baum and Denslow did not simply invent the Lion , Tin Woodman , Scarecrow , Yellow Brick Road , Silver Slippers , cyclone , monkeys , Emerald City , little people , Uncle Henry , passenger balloons , witches and the wizard . These were all common themes in the editorial cartoons of the previous decade . The notion of a `` Tin Man '' has deep roots in European and American history , according to Green ( 2006 ) , and often appeared in cartoons of the 1880s and 1890s . Baum and Denslow , like most writers and illustrators , used the materials at hand that they knew best . They built a story around them , added Dorothy , and added a series of lessons to the effect that everyone possesses the resources they need ( such as brains , a heart and courage ) if only they had self - confidence . The Wonderful Wizard of Oz was a children 's book , of course , but as Baum warned in the preface , it was a `` modernized '' fairy tale as well . The Tin Man -- the human turned into a machine -- was a common feature in political cartoons and in advertisements in the 1890s . Indeed , he had been part of European folk art for 300 years . In political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , the Tin Woodman is supposedly described as a worker , dehumanized by industrialization . The Tin Woodman little by little lost his natural body and had it replaced by metal ; so he has lost his heart and can not move without the help of farmers ( represented by the Scarecrow ) ; in reality he has a strong sense of cooperation and love , which needs only an infusion of self - confidence to be awakened . In the 1890s many argued that to secure a political revolution a coalition of Farmers and Workers was needed . The 1890 editorial cartoon to the right shows President Benjamin Harrison wearing improvised tin armor because he wanted a tariff on tin . Such images support the argument that the figure of a `` tin man '' was in use as political allegory in the 1890s . The man on the right is politician James G. Blaine . The oil needed by the Tin Woodman had a political dimension at the time because Rockefeller 's Standard Oil Company stood accused of being a monopoly ( and in fact was later found guilty by the Supreme Court ) . In the 1902 stage adaptation , which is full of topical references that do not appear either in the novel or in any of the film adaptations ( unless they are satirical ) , the Tin Woodman wonders what he would do if he ran out of oil . `` You would n't be as badly off as John D. Rockefeller , '' the Scarecrow responds , `` He 'd lose six thousand dollars a minute if that happened . '' References ( edit ) Jump up ^ L. Frank Baum , Michael Patrick Hearn , The Annotated Wizard of Oz , p 141 , ISBN 0 - 517 - 50086 - 8 Jump up ^ L. Frank Baum , Michael Patrick Hearn , The Annotated Wizard of Oz , p 152 , ISBN 0 - 517 - 50086 - 8 Jump up ^ L. Frank Baum , Michael Patrick Hearn , The Annotated Wizard of Oz , p 38 , ISBN 0 - 517 - 50086 - 8 Jump up ^ The Shadow Dragons Jump up ^ `` ( # 618 ) `` Where Bluebirds Fly '' `` . The Futon Critic . Retrieved April 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Wizard of Oz and Buddy Ebsen '' . snopes.com . Retrieved September 9 , 2012 . Jump up ^ MythBusters ( 2005 season ) # Episode SP7 -- `` Hollywood on Trial '' Jump up ^ `` Oz lion costume goes under hammer '' . BBC News . December 1 , 2006 . Retrieved June 29 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` The Witness '' . The Witness. 2011 - 12 - 22 . Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 23 . Jump up ^ Vancouver Film School ( 2007 - 08 - 31 ) . `` After Oz - Vancouver Film School ( VFS ) '' . YouTube . Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 23 . Jump up ^ `` whitestonemotionpictures.com '' . whitestonemotionpictures.com . Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 23 . Jump up ^ Allport , Lee ( 8 March 2013 ) . `` Oz the Great and Powerful : A Prequel at Its Best '' . Retrieved 10 March 2013 . There are other interesting `` that explains it '' moments as well . We get up close and personal with The Cowardly Lion and find out what spooked him into being afraid of his own shadow . We get to know the Tin Man 's father and the creators of the Scarecrow and learn more about Munchkinland . Jump up ^ Zoe Beery , `` The Tin Man of Oz Gets a Refit in ' The Woodsman ' '' , The Village Voice , May 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Ranjit S. Dighe , ed . The Historian 's Wizard of Oz : Reading L. Frank Baum 's Classic as a Political and Monetary Allegory ( 2002 ) Jump up ^ Archie Green , Tin Men ( 2006 ) Jump up ^ Gretchen Ritter , `` Silver slippers and a golden cap : L. Frank Baum 's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and historical memory in American politics '' Journal of American Studies ( August 1997 ) vol. 31 , no . 2 , 171 - 203 . Jump up ^ Swartz , Oz p 34 Clanton , Gene . Populism : The Humane Preference in America , 1890 - 1900 ( 1991 ) Culver , Stuart . `` Growing Up in Oz . '' American Literary History 4 ( 1992 ) 607 - 28 . in JSTOR Culver , Stuart . `` What Manikins Want : The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and The Art of Decorating Dry Goods Windows and Interiors '' , Representations , 21 ( 1988 ) 97 - 116 . Dighe , Ranjit S. ed . The Historian 's Wizard of Oz : Reading L. Frank Baum 's Classic as a Political and Monetary Allegory ( 2002 ) Erisman , Fred . `` L. Frank Baum and the Progressive Dilemma '' in American Quarterly Vol. 20 , No. 3 ( Autumn , 1968 ) , pp. 616 - 623 online at JSTOR Gardner , Todd . `` Responses to Littlefield '' ( 2004 ) , online Geer , John G. and Thomas R. Rochon , `` William Jennings Bryan on the Yellow Brick Road , '' Journal of American Culture ( Winter , 1993 ) Green , Archie . Tin Men ( Urbana : University of Illinois Press , 2002 ) . on the history of images of tin men in European and American illustrations Hearn , Michael Patrick ( ed ) . The Annotated Wizard of Oz. ( 2000 , 1973 ) Jensen , Richard . The Winning of the Midwest : Social and Political Conflict , 1888 - 1896 ( 1971 ) , ch. 10 . Karp , Andrew . Utopian Tension in L. Frank Baum 's Oz in Utopian Studies , 1998 Littlefield , Henry M. `` The Wizard of Oz : Parable on Populism '' American Quarterly Vol. 16 , No. 1 ( Spring , 1964 ) , pp. 47 - 58 in JSTOR Nesbet , Anne . `` In Borrowed Balloons : The Wizard of Oz and the History of Soviet Aviation '' in The Slavic and East European Journal > Vol. 45 , No. 1 ( Spring , 2001 ) , pp. 80 - 95 online at JSTOR Riley , Michael O. ( 1997 ) Oz and Beyond : The Fantasy World of L. Frank Baum . University of Kansas Press ISBN 0 - 7006 - 0832 - X Ritter , Gretchen . Goldbugs and Greenbacks : The Anti-Monopoly Tradition and the Politics of Finance in America ( 1997 ) Ritter , Gretchen . `` Silver slippers and a golden cap : L. Frank Baum 's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and historical memory in American politics . '' Journal of American Studies ( August 1997 ) vol. 31 , no . 2 , 171 - 203 . Rockoff , Hugh . `` The ' Wizard of Oz ' as a Monetary Allegory , '' Journal of Political Economy 98 ( 1990 ) : 739 - 60 online at JSTOR Swartz , Mark Evan . Oz Before the Rainbow : L. Frank Baum 's `` The Wonderful Wizard of Oz '' on Stage and Screen to 1939 ( 2000 ) Velde , Francois R. `` Following the Yellow Brick Road : How the United States Adopted the Gold Standard '' Economic Perspectives . Volume : 26 . Issue : 2 . 2002 . also online here Ziaukas , Tim . `` 100 Years of Oz : Baum 's ' Wizard of Oz ' as Gilded Age Public Relations '' in Public Relations Quarterly , Fall 1998 The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Canonical books L. Frank Baum The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 1900 ) The Marvelous Land of Oz ( 1904 ) Ozma of Oz ( 1907 ) Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz ( 1908 ) The Road to Oz ( 1909 ) The Emerald City of Oz ( 1910 ) The Patchwork Girl of Oz ( 1913 ) Tik - Tok of Oz ( 1914 ) The Scarecrow of Oz ( 1915 ) Rinkitink in Oz ( 1916 ) The Lost Princess of Oz ( 1917 ) The Tin Woodman of Oz ( 1918 ) The Magic of Oz ( 1919 ) Glinda of Oz ( 1920 ) Ruth Plumly Thompson The Royal Book of Oz ( 1921 ) Kabumpo in Oz ( 1922 ) The Cowardly Lion of Oz ( 1923 ) Grampa in Oz ( 1924 ) The Lost King of Oz ( 1925 ) The Hungry Tiger of Oz ( 1926 ) The Gnome King of Oz ( 1927 ) The Giant Horse of Oz ( 1928 ) Jack Pumpkinhead of Oz ( 1929 ) The Yellow Knight of Oz ( 1930 ) Pirates in Oz ( 1931 ) The Purple Prince of Oz ( 1932 ) Ojo in Oz ( 1933 ) Speedy in Oz ( 1934 ) The Wishing Horse of Oz ( 1935 ) Captain Salt in Oz ( 1936 ) Handy Mandy in Oz ( 1937 ) The Silver Princess in Oz ( 1938 ) Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz ( 1939 ) Others The Wonder City of Oz ( 1940 ) The Scalawagons of Oz ( 1941 ) Lucky Bucky in Oz ( 1942 ) The Magical Mimics in Oz ( 1946 ) The Shaggy Man of Oz ( 1949 ) The Hidden Valley of Oz ( 1951 ) Merry Go Round in Oz ( 1963 ) Yankee in Oz ( 1972 ) The Enchanted Island of Oz ( 1976 ) The Forbidden Fountain of Oz ( 1980 ) The Ozmapolitan of Oz ( 1986 ) The Wicked Witch of Oz ( 1993 ) The Giant Garden of Oz ( 1993 ) The Runaway in Oz ( 1995 ) The Rundelstone of Oz ( 2000 ) The Emerald Wand of Oz ( 2005 ) Trouble Under Oz ( 2006 ) Alternate Dorothy of Oz ( 1989 ) Locations and elements Land of Oz Emerald City Munchkin Country Gillikin Country Winkie Country Quadling Country Yellow brick road Oogaboo Deadly Desert Nonestica Forest of Burzee Land of Ev Merryland Mo Ix Nome Kingdom Noland Ruby slippers Silver Shoes The Oz Film Manufacturing Company Characters Dorothy Gale Toto Princess Ozma The Wizard of Oz Scarecrow Tin Woodman Cowardly Lion Jack Pumpkinhead Tik - Tok Sawhorse Trot Hungry Tiger Good Witch of the North Glinda , the Good Witch of the South Wicked Witch of the West Wicked Witch of the East Aunt Em Uncle Henry Betsy Bobbin Billina Boq Button - Bright Cap'n Bill Eureka Herby Jellia Jamb Jenny Jump Jinjur Jinnicky the Red Jinn John Dough Kabumpo Mombi Munchkins Nome King Ojo the Lucky Pastoria Patchwork Girl Peter Brown Pigasus Polychrome Queen Lurline Shaggy Man Soldier with the Green Whiskers Winged monkeys Woggle - Bug Other writers Authors John R. Neill Jack Snow Rachel Cosgrove Payes Eloise Jarvis McGraw Dick Martin Alexander Volkov Gregory Maguire Sherwood Smith Roger S. Baum Illustrators William Wallace Denslow Frank Kramer Dirk Gringhuis Dick Martin Eric Shanower William Stout Adaptations and other derivative works Films The Fairylogue and Radio - Plays ( 1908 ) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 1910 ) Dorothy and the Scarecrow in Oz ( 1910 ) The Land of Oz ( 1910 ) John Dough and the Cherub ( 1910 ) The Patchwork Girl of Oz ( 1914 ) The Magic Cloak of Oz ( 1914 ) His Majesty , the Scarecrow of Oz ( 1914 ) The Wizard of Oz ( 1925 ) The Wizard of Oz ( 1933 ) The Wizard of Oz ( 1939 ) Return to Oz ( 1964 ) The Wonderful Land of Oz ( 1969 ) Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde ( 1971 ) Journey Back to Oz ( 1974 ) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 1975 ) The Wiz ( 1978 ) The Wizard of Oz ( 1982 ) Return to Oz ( 1985 ) Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz ( 1987 ) The Dreamer of Oz : The L. Frank Baum Story ( 1990 ) Lion of Oz ( 2000 ) The Muppets ' Wizard of Oz ( 2005 ) Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz ( 2011 ) Dorothy and the Witches of Oz ( 2011 ) After the Wizard ( 2011 ) Oz the Great and Powerful ( 2013 ) Legends of Oz : Dorothy 's Return ( 2014 ) Ozland ( 2014 ) Guardians of Oz ( 2015 ) Tom and Jerry : Back to Oz ( 2016 ) Stage The Wizard of Oz ( 1902 ) The Woggle - Bug ( 1905 ) The Tik - Tok Man of Oz ( 1913 ) The Wizard of Oz ( 1942 ) The Wiz ( 1974 ) The Marvelous Land of Oz ( 1981 ) The Wizard of Oz ( 1987 ) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 2000 ) The Wizard of Oz ( 2011 ) The Woodsman ( 2012 ) Television Tales of the Wizard of Oz ( 1961 ) Off to See the Wizard ( 1967 ) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 1986 ) The Wizard of Oz ( 1990 ) The Oz Kids ( 1996 ) Lost in Oz ( 2002 ) Once Upon a Time ( since 2011 ) The Wiz Live ! ( 2015 ) Lost In Oz ( 2015 ) Emerald City ( 2017 ) Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz ( 2017 ) Comics Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz ( 1904 -- 05 ) Adventures in Oz ( 1986 -- 92 ) The Enchanted Apples of Oz ( 1986 ) Oz Squad ( 1991 ) Lost Girls ( 1991 -- 92 ) Oz ( 1994 ) Dorothy of Oz ( 2006 ) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 2009 ) Video games The Wizard of Oz ( 1993 ) The Wizard of Oz : Beyond the Yellow Brick Road ( 2008 ) Emerald City Confidential ( 2009 ) Parodies The Wozard of Iz Os Trapalhões eo Mágico de Oróz The Wonderful Wizard of Ha 's Wizard of Odd Reimagining The Wizard of Mars ( 1965 ) Hunter ( 1973 ) Zardoz ( 1974 ) Oz ( 1976 ) The Number of the Beast ( 1980 ) A Barnstormer in Oz ( 1982 ) The Wizard of A.I.D.S. ( 1987 ) The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz ( 1990 ) Twister ( 1994 ) The Dark Tower IV : Wizard and Glass ( 1997 ) Tin Man ( 2007 ) Dorothy Must Die ( 2014 ) The Wicked Will Rise ( 2015 ) The Wicked Years Wicked Son of a Witch A Lion Among Men Out of Oz Wicked ( musical ) Characters Others Rainbow Road to Oz MÄR The Wizard of Oz ( pinball ) The Wizard of Oz ( arcade game ) Related The International Wizard of Oz Club The Baum Bugle Portal The Wicked Years by Gregory Maguire Books Wicked Son of a Witch A Lion Among Men Out of Oz Characters Elphaba Glinda Wizard of Oz Boq Nessarose Stage adaptation Wicked awards and nominations album Songs `` No One Mourns the Wicked '' `` Dear Old Shiz '' `` The Wizard and I '' `` What is this Feeling ? '' `` Dancing Through Life '' `` Popular '' `` I 'm Not that Girl '' `` A Sentimental Man '' `` Defying Gravity '' `` No One Mourns the Wicked ( Reprise ) '' `` Thank Goodness '' `` Wonderful '' `` I 'm Not That Girl ( Reprise ) '' `` No Good Deed '' `` For Good '' VIAF : 314909573 LCCN : no2015027498 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tin_Woodman&oldid=838334123 '' Categories : Oz ( franchise ) characters Characters in Wicked Fictional amputees Fictional cyborgs Fictional emperors and empresses Fictional characters introduced in 1900 Male characters in film Male characters in literature Male characters in television Once Upon a Time ( TV series ) characters Fictional humanoid robots Hidden categories : Wikipedia references cleanup from November 2017 All articles needing references cleanup Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from November 2017 All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify Pages using deprecated image syntax Articles needing additional references from November 2017 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Italiano Português Русский Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 26 April 2018 , at 10 : 44 . 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Rigor mortis - wikipedia Rigor mortis Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the sign of death . For other uses , see Rigor mortis ( disambiguation ) . Stages of death Pallor mortis Algor mortis Rigor mortis Livor mortis Putrefaction Decomposition Skeletonization Fossilization Rigor mortis ( Latin : rigor `` stiffness '' , mortis `` of death '' ) or postmortem rigidity , the third stage of death , is one of the recognizable signs of death , caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem , which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen . In humans , rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem . Contents ( hide ) 1 Physiology 2 Physical changes 3 Applications in meat industry 4 Application in forensic pathology 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography Physiology ( edit ) After death , respiration in an organism ceases , depleting the source of oxygen used in the making of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) . ATP is required to cause separation of the actin - myosin cross-bridges during relaxation of muscle . When oxygen is no longer present , the body may continue to produce ATP via anaerobic glycolysis . When the body 's glycogen is depleted , the ATP concentration diminishes , and the body enters rigor mortis because it is unable to break those bridges . Additionally , calcium enters the cytosol after death . Calcium is released into the cytosol due to the deterioration of the sarcoplasmic reticulum . Also , the breakdown of the sarcolemma causes additional calcium to enter the cytosol . The calcium activates the formation of actin - myosin cross-bridging . Once calcium is introduced into the cytosol , it binds to the troponin of thin filaments , which causes the troponin - tropomyosin complex to change shape and allow the myosin heads to bind to the active sites of actin proteins . In rigor mortis myosin heads continue binding with the active sites of actin proteins via adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) , and the muscle is unable to relax until further enzyme activity degrades the complex . Normal relaxation would occur by replacing ADP with ATP , which would destabilize the myosin - actin bond and break the cross-bridge . However , as ATP is absent , there must be a breakdown of muscle tissue by enzymes ( endogenous or bacterial ) during decomposition . As part of the process of decomposition , the myosin heads are degraded by the enzymes , allowing the muscle contraction to release and the body to relax . Decomposition of the myofilaments occurs 48 to 60 hours after the peak of rigor mortis , which occurs approximately 13 hours after death . Physical Changes ( edit ) At the time of death , a condition called `` primary flaccidity '' occurs . Following this , the muscles stiffen in rigor mortis . All muscles in the body are affected . Starting between two and six hours following death , rigor mortis begins with the eyelids , neck , and jaw . The sequence may be due to different lactic acid levels among different muscles , which is directly related to the difference in glycogen levels and different types of muscle fibers . Rigor mortis then spreads to the other muscles , including the internal organs , within the next four to six hours . The onset of rigor mortis is affected by the individual 's age , sex , physical condition , and muscular build . Rigor mortis may not be perceivable in many infant and child corpses due to their smaller muscle mass . Applications in meat industry ( edit ) Rigor mortis is very important in meat technology . The onset of rigor mortis and its resolution partially determine the tenderness of meat . If the post-slaughter meat is immediately chilled to 15 ° C ( 59 ° F ) , a phenomenon known as cold shortening occurs , whereby the muscle sarcomeres shrink to a third of their original length . Cold shortening is caused by the release of stored calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibers , in response to the cold stimulus . The calcium ions trigger powerful muscle contraction aided by ATP molecules . To prevent cold shortening , a process known as electrical stimulation is carried out , especially in beef carcasses , immediately after slaughter and skinning . In this process , the carcass is stimulated with alternating current , causing it to contract and relax , which depletes the ATP reserve from the carcass and prevents cold shortening . Application in forensic pathology ( edit ) The degree of rigor mortis may be used in forensic pathology , to determine the approximate time of death . A dead body holds its position as rigor mortis sets in . If the body is moved after death , but before rigor mortis begins , forensic techniques such as livor mortis can be applied . If the position in which a body is found does not match the location where it is found ( for example , if it is flat on its back with one arm sticking straight up ) , that could mean someone moved it . Several factors also affect the progression of rigor mortis , and investigators take these into account when estimating the time of death . One such factor is the ambient temperature . When conditions are warm , the onset and pace of rigor mortis are sped up by providing a conducive environment for the metabolic processes that cause decay . Low temperatures , however , slow them down . Therefore , for a person who dies outside in frozen conditions rigor mortis may last several days more than normal , so investigators may have to abandon it as a tool for determining time of death . See also ( edit ) Cadaveric spasm References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Saladin , K.S. 2010 . Anatomy & Physiology : 6th edition . McGraw - Hill . ^ Jump up to : Hall , John E. , and Arthur C. Guyton . Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology . Philadelphia , PA : Saunders / Elsevier , 2011 . MD Consult . Web . 26 Jan. 2015 . Jump up ^ Fremery , Donald ( 3 February 1959 ) . `` Biochemistry of Chicken Muscle as Related to Rigor Mortis and Tenderization '' . Journal of Food Sciences . 25 ( 1 ) : 73 -- 87 . doi : 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2621.1960. tb17938. x . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . Jump up ^ About.com Jump up ^ `` Classroom Resources - Argonne National Laboratory '' . Jump up ^ `` Rigor Mortis and Other Postmortem Changes - Burial , Body , Life , Cause , Time , Person , Human , Putrefaction . '' Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. 2011 . Web . 4 December 2011 . < http://www.deathreference.com/Py-Se/Rigor-Mortis-and-Other-Postmortem-Changes.html > . Jump up ^ `` New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research '' . Jump up ^ Peress , Robin . `` Discovery Health `` Rigor Mortis at the Crime Scene '' '' Discovery Health `` Health Guides '' Discovery Fit & Health , 2011 . Web . 4 December 2011 . < http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/death-dying/rigor-mortis-cause2.htm > Jump up ^ Estimating The Time of Death , ExploreForensics < http://www.exploreforensics.co.uk/estimating-the-time-of-death.html Bibliography ( edit ) Bear , Mark F ; Connors , Barry W. ; Paradiso , Michael A. , Neuroscience , Exploring the Brain , Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ; Third Edition ( 1 February 2006 ) . ISBN 0 - 7817 - 6003 - 8 Robert G. Mayer , `` Embalming : history , theory , and practice '' , McGraw - Hill Professional , 2005 , ISBN 0 - 07 - 143950 - 1 `` Rigor Mortis and Other Postmortem Changes - Burial , Body , Life , Cause , Time , Person , Human , Putrefaction . '' Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. 2011 . Web . 4 December 2011 . < http://www.deathreference.com/Py-Se/Rigor-Mortis-and-Other-Postmortem-Changes.html > . Saladin , Kenneth . Anatomy and Physiology : The Unity of Form and Function , 6th ed . McGraw - Hill . New York , 2012 . Peress , Robin . `` Discovery Health `` Rigor Mortis at the Crime Scene '' '' Discovery Health `` Health Guides '' Discovery Fit & Health , 2011 . Web . 4 December 2011 . < http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/death-dying/rigor-mortis-cause2.htm > . Death Outline In medicine Cell death Necrosis Avascular necrosis Coagulative necrosis Liquefactive necrosis Gangrenous necrosis Caseous necrosis Fat necrosis Fibrinoid necrosis Temporal lobe necrosis Programmed cell death AICD Anoikis Apoptosis Autophagy Intrinsic apoptosis Necroptosis Paraptosis Parthanatos Phenoptosis Pseudoapoptosis Pyroptosis Autolysis Autoschizis Eschar Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Abortion Autopsy Brain death Brainstem death Clinical death DOA Death by natural causes Death rattle Dysthanasia End - of - life care Euthanasia Lazarus sign Lazarus syndrome Medical definition of death Organ donation Terminal illness Unnatural death Lists Causes of death by rate Expressions related to death Natural disasters People by cause of death Premature obituaries Preventable causes of death Notable deaths by year Unusual deaths TV actors who died during production Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Gompertz -- Makeham law of mortality Holiday effect Immortality Biological Digital Infant mortality Karōshi Maternal death Maternal mortality in fiction Memento mori Micromort Mortality displacement Mortality rate RAMR Mortality salience Perinatal mortality After death Body Stages Pallor mortis Algor mortis Rigor mortis Livor mortis Putrefaction Decomposition Skeletonization Fossilization Preservation Cryopreservation Cryonics Neuropreservation Embalming Maceration Mummification Plastination Prosection Taxidermy Disposal Burial Bed burial Burial at sea Chariot burial Jar burial Natural burial Premature burial Secondary burial Ship burial Sky burial Space burial Cannibalism Cremation Dismemberment Excarnation Promession Resomation Beating heart cadaver Body donation Cadaveric spasm Coffin birth Death erection Dissection Gibbeting Postmortem caloricity Post-mortem interval Other aspects Afterlife Cemetery Consciousness Customs Death mask Eternal oblivion Examination Funeral Grief Intermediate state Internet Mourning Obituary Resurrection Taboo on the dead Vigil Paranormal Ghosts Near - death experience Near - death studies Necromancy Out - of - body experience Reincarnation research Séance Legal Abortion law Administration Capital punishment Cause of death Civil death Coroner Death - qualified jury Death certificate Declared death in absentia Death row Dying declaration Faked death Inquest Legal death Murder Prohibition of death Right to die Suspicious death Trust law Will Fields Forensic pathology Funeral director Mortuary science Necrobiology Post-mortem chemistry Post-mortem photography Taphonomy Biostratinomy Thanatology Other Apparent death Dark tourism Darwin Awards Dead pool Death and culture Death anniversary Death anxiety Death deity Personification of death Dying - and - rising god Psychopomp Death camp Death drive Death education Death from laughter Death hoax Death knell Death march Death messenger Death notification Death panel Death poem Death pose Death - positive movement Death squad Death threat Death trajectory Dignified death Extinction Fan death Festival of the Dead Fascination with death Homicide Information - theoretic death Last rites Martyr Megadeath Museum of Death Necronym Necrophilia Necrophobia The Order of the Good Death Predation Sacrifice human animal Spiritual death Suicide Assisted suicide Thanatosensitivity Undead Voodoo death Portal WikiProject Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rigor_mortis&oldid=837973659 '' Categories : Signs of death Latin medical phrases Medical aspects of death Forensic pathology Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from April 2018 Articles with permanently dead external links Use dmy dates from April 2012 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Беларуская Български Català Čeština Deutsch Español Esperanto فارسی Français Gaeilge हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Magyar മലയാളം Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 29 more Edit links This page was last edited on 24 April 2018 , at 04 : 17 . 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The Joker ( Steve Miller Band song ) - wikipedia The Joker ( Steve Miller Band song ) Jump to : navigation , search `` The Joker ( song ) '' redirects here . For other songs with the same title , see Joker ( disambiguation ) . `` The Joker '' Cover of the 1973 single Single by Steve Miller Band from the album The Joker B - side `` ' see track listings ' '' Released October 1973 Format 7 '' Single , 12 '' single , Cassette single ( Original Releases ) , CD single and Digital download ( Post Releases ) . Genre Rock , blues rock , southern rock Length 4 : 26 ( Album version ) ; 3 : 35 ( 7 '' version / Radio edit ) and 6 : 20 ( Extended version ) Label Capitol Records ; EMI - Odeon ; London Records , Parlophone Records , EMI Bovema , Odeon Records . Songwriter ( s ) Eddie Curtis , Ahmet Ertegün , Steve Miller Producer ( s ) Steve Miller Steve Miller Band singles chronology `` Fandango '' ( 1972 ) `` The Joker '' ( 1973 ) `` Your Cash Ai n't Nothin ' But Trash '' ( 1974 ) `` Fandango '' ( 1972 ) `` The Joker '' ( 1973 ) `` Your Cash Ai n't Nothin ' But Trash '' ( 1974 ) `` Take the Money and Run '' / `` The Joker '' ( 1983 , double A-side , live ) Cover of the 1983 live single Steve Miller Band singles chronology `` Living in the U.S.A. '' ( live ) ( 1983 ) String Module Error : Match not found1983 `` Take the Money and Run '' ( live ) / `` The Joker '' ( live ) ( 1983 ) String Module Error : Match not found1983 `` Shangri - La '' ( 1984 ) Shangri - La1984 `` The Joker '' ( 1990 , reissue ) Cover of the 1990 reissue Steve Miller Band singles chronology `` Ya Ya '' ( 1988 ) Ya Ya1988 `` The Joker '' ( 1990 ) The Joker1990 `` Wide River '' ( 1993 ) Wide River1993 `` The Joker '' is a song by the Steve Miller Band from their 1973 album The Joker . It is one of two Steve Miller Band songs that feature the nonce word `` pompatus '' . The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 in early 1974 . More than 16 years later , in September 1990 , it reached number one in the UK Singles Chart for two weeks after being used in `` Great Deal '' , a Hugh Johnson - directed television advertisement for Levi 's , thus holding the record for the longest gap between transatlantic chart - toppers . This reissue of `` The Joker '' also topped the Irish Singles Chart , the New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart , the Dutch Nationale Top 100 and the Dutch Top 40 . The first line of the lyrics is a reference to the song `` Space Cowboy '' from Miller 's Brave New World album . Following lines refer to two other songs : `` Gangster of Love '' from Sailor and `` Enter Maurice '' from Recall the Beginning ... A Journey from Eden . Contents ( hide ) 1 Inspiration and writing 2 Formats and track listings 3 Personnel 4 Certifications 5 Charts 5.1 Weekly charts 5.2 Year - end charts 6 Cover versions 6.1 Covers 6.2 Album tracks 6.3 Live cover performances 6.4 Sampling 7 In popular culture 8 References and footnotes 9 External links Inspiration and writing ( edit ) During the song , Steve Miller references The Clovers ' 1954 song `` Lovey Dovey '' when he sings `` You 're the cutest thing that I ever did see / Really love your peaches , wan na shake your tree / Lovey dovey , lovey dovey , lovey dovey all the time '' . The song is noted for its wolf whistle played on a slide guitar after the `` lovey dovey '' parts and the `` some people call me Maurice '' part . The line `` some people call me Maurice / ' Cause I speak of the pompatus of love '' was written after Miller heard the song `` The Letter '' by The Medallions . In `` The Letter '' , writer Vernon Green made up the word puppetutes , meaning a paper - doll erotic fantasy figure ; however , Miller misheard the word and wrote pompatus instead . Formats and track listings ( edit ) 7 '' single ( 1973 ) `` The Joker '' -- 3 : 36 `` Something to Believe In '' -- 4 : 40 7 '' single ( 1983 - live version ) `` The Joker '' ( live ) -- 2 : 55 `` Take the Money and Run '' ( live ) -- 3 : 49 7 '' single ( 1990 ) `` The Joker '' ( single version ) -- 3 : 34 `` Do n't Let Nobody Turn You Around '' -- 2 : 27 12 '' maxi ( 1990 ) `` The Joker '' ( LP version ) -- 4 : 22 `` Do n't Let Nobody Turn You Around '' -- 2 : 27 `` Shu Ba Da Du Ma Ma Ma '' -- 5 : 39 CD maxi ( 1990 ) `` The Joker '' ( single version ) -- 3 : 34 `` Do n't Let Nobody Turn You Around '' -- 2 : 27 `` Shu Ba Da Du Ma Ma Ma Ma '' -- 3 : 33 `` Living in the U.S.A. '' -- 3 : 59 Personnel ( edit ) Steve Miller -- guitar , lead vocals Gerald Johnson -- bass , backing vocals Dick Thompson -- organ John King -- drums Certifications ( edit ) Country Certification Date Sales certified Sweden Gold February 6 , 1991 25,000 United Kingdom Silver October 1 , 1990 200,000 United States Gold January 11 , 1974 1,000,000 Charts ( edit ) Weekly charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1973 / 1974 ) Peak position US Billboard Hot 100 Canadian RPM Top Singles Dutch Daverende 30 18 Dutch Top 40 18 Australia Kent Music Report 8 Chart ( 1990 / 1991 ) Peak position Austrian Singles Chart 5 Dutch Nationale Top 100 Dutch Top 40 French SNEP Singles Chart 33 Irish Singles Chart New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart Norwegian Singles Chart Swedish Singles Chart Swiss Singles Chart 5 UK Singles Chart Year - end charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1991 ) Position New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) 20 Preceded by `` Time in a Bottle '' by Jim Croce Billboard Hot 100 number one single January 12 , 1974 ( one week ) Succeeded by `` Show and Tell '' by Al Wilson Preceded by `` Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny Yellow Polka Dot Bikini '' by Bombalurina Irish IRMA number - one single September 6 , 1990 ( two weeks ) Succeeded by `` I Useta Lover '' by The Saw Doctors Preceded by `` Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny Yellow Polka Dot Bikini '' by Bombalurina UK Singles Chart number - one single September 9 , 1990 ( two weeks ) Succeeded by `` Show Me Heaven '' by Maria McKee Preceded by `` Verdammt , ich lieb ' dich '' by Matthias Reim Dutch Top 40 number - one single November 3 , 1990 ( two weeks ) Succeeded by `` Show Me Heaven '' by Maria McKee Preceded by `` Verdammt , ich lieb ' dich '' by Matthias Reim Dutch Nationale Top 100 number - one single November 10 , 1990 ( two weeks ) Succeeded by `` Show Me Heaven '' by Maria McKee Preceded by `` Trippin ' '' by Push Push New Zealand RIANZ number - one single May 10 , 1991 ( one week ) Succeeded by `` Trippin ' '' by Push Push Cover versions ( edit ) `` The Joker '' Single by k.d. lang from the album Drag Released Length 4 : 44 Label Warner Bros . Songwriter ( s ) Eddie Curtis , Ahmet Ertegün , Steve Miller Producer ( s ) k.d. lang , Craig Street k.d. lang singles chronology `` Sexuality '' ( 1996 ) `` The Joker '' ( 1997 ) `` Theme from the Valley of the Dolls '' ( 1997 ) `` Sexuality '' ( 1996 ) `` The Joker '' ( 1997 ) `` Theme from the Valley of the Dolls '' ( 1997 ) `` The Joker '' Single by Fatboy Slim from the album Palookaville Released February 28 , 2005 ( 2005 - 02 - 28 ) Recorded Genre Big beat Label Astralwerks , Skint Songwriter ( s ) Eddie Curtis , Ahmet Ertegün , Steve Miller Producer ( s ) Fatboy Slim , Simon Thornton Fatboy Slim singles chronology `` Wonderful Night '' ( 2004 ) `` The Joker '' ( 2005 ) `` Do n't Let the Man Get You Down '' ( 2005 ) `` Wonderful Night '' ( 2004 ) `` The Joker '' ( 2005 ) `` Do n't Let the Man Get You Down '' ( 2005 ) Alternative cover Remix single Covers ( edit ) k.d. lang covered it on her album Drag ( 1997 ) on which all the songs have the theme of smoking or cigarettes . The song was released as a single . Black Train Jack covered it on their album You 're not alone ( 1994 ) . Fettes Brot did a German rendition of the song in 2001 , retitled as `` The Großer '' ( English translation `` The big guy '' ) . Fatboy Slim reworked the song on his 2004 album Palookaville , featuring Bootsy Collins on lead vocals . This cover version reached No. 32 on the UK Singles Chart in 2005 . Mike Myers did a cover to the song , playing a sitar , in The Love Guru . Post-grunge band Puddle of Mudd covered it on their covers album Re : ( disc ) overed . Album tracks ( edit ) In 1998 , Todd Snider covered the song on his Viva Satellite album . Spearhead recorded a cover for the compilation CD Hempilation 2 ( 1998 ) . Darkbuster covered the song as `` Space Cowboy '' on their album 22 Songs You 'll Never Want to Hear Again ! ( 1999 ) . Twiztid recorded a cover of the song , which appeared on their 2004 compilation Cryptic Collection Vol. 3 . In 2006 , Jason Mraz covered the song for the soundtrack to the film Happy Feet . This recording was produced by Josh Deutsch and John Powell . On the soundtrack album Happy Feet : Music from the Motion Picture , the song is mashed up with `` Everything I Own '' , recorded by Chrissie Hynde . In 2013 , The Voice Australia finalist , Danny Ross covered the song on his debut album , As The Crows Flies . In 2014 , Ace Frehley covered the song on his album Space Invader Live cover performances ( edit ) The song was covered live by The Smashing Pumpkins in 1992 , and the recording can be found on the Mashed Potatoes box set . Kurt Elling performed live during a concert in the Czech Republic in 2006 . Tim McGraw performed it during the `` Soul2Soul '' 2007 tour with his wife Faith Hill . They Might Be Giants have played it live on occasion , and included a cover of it on their podcast . The String Cheese Incident covered it at a show in Melkweg , Amsterdam on March 27 , 2004 , and added `` Do n't wan na see Billy run '' ( Bill Nershi of SCI ) Keith Urban performed the song during his `` Love , Pain , and the Whole Crazy Thing '' 2007 tour with The Wreckers on August 18 , 2007 and with Amanda Wilkinson and Tyler Wilkinson on December 15 , 2007 . 311 performed it live in New Orleans on 311 Day ( March 11 , 2008 ) . Puddle of Mudd performed the song at DC101 Chili Cook - Off on May 16 , 2009 Jack Johnson often performs the song live during his 2010 To the Sea world tour and did so in Vancouver on October 1 , 2010 . Luke Bryan often performs the song near the end of his concerts . Sampling ( edit ) `` The Joker '' was sampled in the song `` Summer and Lightning '' by Electric Light Orchestra from their 1977 album , Out of the Blue . `` The Joker '' serves as the outline of the song `` So Cal Loco ( Party Like a Rockstar ) '' by Sprung Monkey which appeared in the film Dude , Where 's My Car ? . It was also sampled on the original Def American Records release of the Geto Boys ' song `` Gangster of Love '' from their 1989 album , Grip It ! On That Other Level . The sample , presumably unauthorized , was replaced with Lynyrd Skynyrd 's `` Sweet Home Alabama '' on later pressings of the album . The song `` Hudson Dragonfly '' by Jackie - O Motherfucker , from the album , America Mystica ( 2006 ) , contains a sample of `` The Joker '' . The song `` Angel '' by Shaggy , from the album Hot Shot ( 2000 ) , samples the bass line of `` The Joker '' . Steve Miller recorded an unreleased demo of this song 's music with the lyrics of his other song , Take the Money and Run . The 2012 song Diese Tage with German and English lyrics by KRIS feat Dante Thomas uses the chorus of `` The Joker '' . Country rapper Colt Ford sampled this song for his song `` Gangsta of Love '' . `` Wow Wow '' by Neil Cicierega from the album `` Mouth Moods '' mixes `` The Joker '' with Will Smith 's `` Wild Wild West '' , `` All Star '' by Smash Mouth and `` Cowboy '' by Kid Rock . In popular culture ( edit ) In 1996 , `` The Joker '' inspired a comedy film , The Pompatus of Love . References and footnotes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Steve Miller Band > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles '' . allmusic . Retrieved October 5 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Chart Stats - The Steve Miller Band - The Joker '' . Retrieved October 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` irishcharts.ie search results '' . Retrieved October 5 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` charts.org.nz - Steve Miller Band - The Joker '' . Retrieved October 5 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` dutchcharts.nl - Steve Miller Band - The Joker '' ( in Dutch ) . Retrieved October 5 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Nederlandse Top 40 - Week 44 , 1990 '' ( in Dutch ) . Retrieved October 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ ' In Steve Miller 's `` The Joker , '' what is `` the pompatus of love '' ? ' Jump up ^ `` S03E06 '' . Never Mind the Buzzcocks . BBC2 . Jump up ^ Swedish certifications Ifpi.se Archived 2012 - 05 - 21 at the Wayback Machine . ( Retrieved March 24 , 2016 ) Jump up ^ UK certifications bpi.co.uk ( Retrieved March 24 , 2016 ) Jump up ^ US certifications riaa.com Archived 2007 - 06 - 26 at the Wayback Machine . ( Retrieved March 24 , 2016 ) Jump up ^ `` RPM Volume 20 No. 24 , January 26 , 1974 - RPM '' . Retrieved October 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Nederlandse Top 40 - Week 47 , 1973 '' ( in Dutch ) . Retrieved October 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ ( ( cite web url = http://australian-charts.com/forum.asp?todo=viewthread&id=35798 title = Top Singles of 1974 accessdate = January 2 , 2018 Jump up ^ `` Steve Miller Band - The Joker - austriancharts.at '' ( in German ) . Retrieved October 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` lescharts.com - Steve Miller Band - The Joker '' ( in French ) . Retrieved October 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` The Irish Charts - search result '' . Retrieved May 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` norwegiancharts.com - Steve Miller Band - The Joker '' . Retrieved October 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` swedishcharts.com - Steve Miller Band - The Joker '' . Retrieved October 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Steve Miller Band - The Joker - hitparade.ch '' ( in German ) . Retrieved October 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` End of Year Charts 1991 '' . Recorded Music NZ . Retrieved December 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Chart Stats - Fatboy Slim - The Joker '' . Retrieved October 13 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Smashing Pumpkins dot com '' . Retrieved September 28 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` The Howard Stern Radio Show '' . New York . 17 Apr 2013 . Sirius XM Satellite Radio . Howard 100 . Missing or empty series = ( help ) External links ( edit ) The Straight Dope : In Steve Miller 's `` The Joker , '' what is `` the pompatus of love '' ? Language Log : Dismortality and puppetutes -- post on the etymology of `` pompatus '' . Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Steve Miller Band Steve Miller Kenny Lee Lewis Gordy Knudtson Joseph Wooten Jacob Peterson Norton Buffalo Tim Davis Boz Scaggs Lonnie Turner James Cooke Lance Haas Jim Peterman Glyn Johns Ben Sidran Nicky Hopkins Bobby Winkelman Charlie McCoy Jack King Ross Valory Gerald Johnson Dick Thompson Jim Keltner Roger Allen Clark Gary Mallaber Nick DeCaro John King David Denny Greg Douglass Byron Allred John Massaro Billy Peterson Ricky Peterson Bob Malach Leo Sidran Jay Bird Koder Joey Heinemann Sonny Charles Studio albums Children of the Future Sailor Brave New World Your Saving Grace Number 5 Rock Love Recall the Beginning ... A Journey from Eden The Joker Fly Like an Eagle Book of Dreams Circle of Love Abracadabra Italian X Rays Living in the 20th Century Born 2 B Blue ( Steve Miller solo album ) Wide River Bingo ! Let Your Hair Down Live albums Live at the Fillmore Auditorium Steve Miller Band Live ! Compilations Anthology Living in the U.S.A. Greatest Hits 1974 -- 78 The Very Best of the Steve Miller Band Young Hearts Singles `` The Joker '' `` Take the Money and Run '' `` Rock'n Me '' `` Fly Like an Eagle '' `` Jet Airliner '' `` Jungle Love '' `` Swingtown '' `` Abracadabra '' `` I Want to Make the World Turn Around '' Songs `` Mercury Blues '' `` You Send Me '' `` Gangster of Love '' Related articles Discography Book : Steve Miller Band Fatboy Slim Fatboy Slim discography Norman Cook discography Studio albums Better Living Through Chemistry You 've Come a Long Way , Baby Halfway Between the Gutter and the Stars Palookaville Live albums On the Floor at the Boutique Live on Brighton Beach Big Beach Boutique II Soundtrack albums Here Lies Love Compilation albums The Fatboy Slim / Norman Cook Collection The Greatest Hits -- Why Try Harder Late Night Tales : Fatboy Slim EPs My Game Illuminati Camber Sands The Pimp Singles `` Everybody Needs a 303 '' `` Going Out of My Head '' `` Everybody Loves a Carnival '' `` The Rockafeller Skank '' `` Gangster Trippin '' `` Praise You '' `` Right Here , Right Now '' `` Sunset ( Bird of Prey ) '' `` Demons '' `` Star 69 '' / `` Weapon of Choice '' `` Song for Shelter '' / `` Ya Mama '' `` Drop the Hate '' `` Retox '' `` Talkin ' bout My Baby '' `` Slash Dot Dash '' `` Wonderful Night '' `` The Joker '' `` Do n't Let the Man Get You Down '' `` That Old Pair of Jeans '' `` Champion Sound '' `` Radioactivity '' `` Are We Having Fun Yet ? '' `` Eat , Sleep , Rave , Repeat '' Video releases Big Beach Boutique II -- The Movie The Greatest Hits -- Why Make Videos Related articles The Housemartins Beats International Pizzaman Freak Power The Brighton Port Authority Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Joker_(Steve_Miller_Band_song)&oldid=822314267 '' Categories : 1973 songs 1973 singles 1974 singles 1990 singles 2007 singles Steve Miller Band songs Fatboy Slim songs Tim McGraw songs Billboard Hot 100 number - one singles Irish Singles Chart number - one singles Dutch Top 40 number - one singles Number - one singles in New Zealand UK Singles Chart number - one singles Songs written by Steve Miller ( musician ) Songs written by Ahmet Ertegun Songs written by Eddie Curtis Capitol Records singles Warner Bros. Records singles Astralwerks singles Songs about cannabis Hidden categories : CS1 Dutch - language sources ( nl ) Webarchive template wayback links CS1 German - language sources ( de ) CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) Pages with citations lacking titles Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Music infoboxes with Module : String errors Articles with hAudio microformats Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Euskara Français Italiano Nederlands Edit links This page was last edited on 25 January 2018 , at 17 : 43 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when did the song the joker come out