Boston Massacre - wikipedia Boston Massacre Jump to : navigation , search This article has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality . Discussion of this nomination can be found on the talk page . ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) For the baseball event nicknamed the `` Boston Massacre '' , see Yankees -- Red Sox rivalry . For the 2013 terrorist attack , see Boston Marathon bombing . Boston Massacre Part of the American Revolution This famous depiction of the event was engraved by Paul Revere ( copied from an engraving by Henry Pelham ) , colored by Christian Remick , and printed by Benjamin Edes . The Old State House is depicted in the background . Location Boston , Massachusetts , British America ( now State Street , Boston , Massachusetts , U.S. ) Coordinates 42 ° 21 ′ 32 '' N 71 ° 03 ′ 26 '' W  /  42.35879 ° N 71.05717 ° W  / 42.35879 ; - 71.05717 Coordinates : 42 ° 21 ′ 32 '' N 71 ° 03 ′ 26 '' W  /  42.35879 ° N 71.05717 ° W  / 42.35879 ; - 71.05717 Date March 5 , 1770 ; 247 years ago ( 1770 - 03 - 05 ) Attack type Massacre Weapons Flintlock muskets Deaths 5 Non-fatal injuries 6 Perpetrators British Army infantrymen This article is part of a series about the American Revolution 1765 -- 1783 Origins ( show ) Sugar Act Currency Act Quartering Acts Stamp Act 1765 Declaratory Act No taxation without representation Townshend Acts Tea Act Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Revolutionary War ( show ) Continental Army Continental Navy Minutemen Battles Intelligence Treaty of Paris Costs Declaration of Independence ( show ) Continental Congress Committee of Five Lee Resolution Articles of Confederation United States Constitution ( show ) Philadelphia Convention Annapolis Convention The Federalist Papers Bill of Rights A New Republic ( show ) Republicanism American Enlightenment Liberalism First Great Awakening Role of Women Legacy ( show ) Atlantic Revolutions Bicentennial The Boston Massacre , known as the Incident on King Street by the British , was an incident on March 5 , 1770 , in which British Army soldiers shot and killed people while under attack by a mob . The incident was heavily publicized by leading Patriots , such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams , to encourage rebellion against the British authorities . British troops had been stationed in Boston , capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay , since 1768 in order to protect and support crown - appointed colonial officials attempting to enforce unpopular Parliamentary legislation . Amid ongoing tense relations between the population and the soldiers , a mob formed around a British sentry , who was subjected to verbal abuse and harassment . He was eventually supported by eight additional soldiers , who were subjected to verbal threats and repeatedly hit by clubs , stones and snowballs . They fired into the crowd , without orders , instantly killing three people and wounding others . Two more people died later of wounds sustained in the incident . The crowd eventually dispersed after Acting Governor Thomas Hutchinson promised an inquiry , but the crowd re-formed the next day , prompting the withdrawal of the troops to Castle Island . Eight soldiers , one officer , and four civilians were arrested and charged with murder . Defended by lawyer and future American president John Adams , six of the soldiers were acquitted , while the other two were convicted of manslaughter and given reduced sentences . The men found guilty of manslaughter were sentenced to branding on their hand . Depictions , reports , and propaganda about the event , notably the colored engraving produced by Paul Revere ( shown at top - right ) , further heightened tensions throughout the Thirteen Colonies . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Incident 3 Aftermath 3.1 Investigation 3.2 Propaganda battle 3.3 Trial 4 Legacy 4.1 Contribution to American Revolution 4.2 Commemorations 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 Further reading 9 External links Background Main article : American Revolution View of the Old State House , Boston , Massachusetts , the seat of British colonial government from 1713 to 1776 . The Boston Massacre took place in front of the balcony , and the site is now marked by a cobblestone circle in the square ( photo 2009 ) Massacre Site Boston , the capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and an important shipping town , was a major center of resistance to unpopular acts of taxation by the British Parliament in the 1760s . In 1768 , the Townshend Acts were placed upon the colonists , by which a variety of common items that were manufactured in Britain and exported to the colonies were subjected to import tariffs . Colonists objected that the Townshend Acts were a violation of the natural , charter , and constitutional rights of British subjects in the colonies . The Massachusetts House of Representatives began a campaign against the Townshend Acts by sending a petition to King George III asking for the repeal of the Townshend Revenue Act . The House also sent what became known as the Massachusetts Circular Letter to other colonial assemblies , asking them to join the resistance movement , and called for a boycott of merchants importing the affected goods . In Great Britain , Lord Hillsborough , who had recently been appointed to the newly created office of Colonial Secretary , was alarmed by the actions of the Massachusetts House . In April 1768 he sent a letter to the colonial governors in America , instructing them to dissolve the colonial assemblies if they responded to the Massachusetts Circular Letter . He also ordered Massachusetts Governor Francis Bernard to direct the Massachusetts House to rescind the letter . The house refused to comply . Boston 's chief customs officer , Charles Paxton , wrote to Hillsborough , asking for military support because `` the Government is as much in the hands of the people as it was in the time of the Stamp Act . '' Commodore Samuel Hood responded by sending the fifty - gun warship HMS Romney , which arrived in Boston Harbor in May 1768 . On June 10 , 1768 , customs officials seized Liberty , a sloop owned by leading Boston merchant John Hancock , on allegations that the ship had been involved in smuggling . Bostonians , already angry because the captain of Romney had been impressing local sailors , began to riot . Customs officials fled to Castle William for protection . Daniel Calfe declares , that on Saturday evening the 3d of March , a camp - woman , wife to James McDeed , a grenadier of the 29th , came into his father 's shop , and the people talking about the affrays at the ropewalks , and blaming the soldiers for the part they had acted in it , the woman said , `` the soldiers were in the right ; '' adding , `` that before Tuesday or Wednesday night they would wet their swords or bayonets in New England people 's blood . '' -- Excerpt from A Short Narrative , suggesting the soldiers were contemplating violence against the colonists Given the unstable state of affairs in Massachusetts , Hillsborough instructed General Thomas Gage , Commander - in - Chief , North America , to send `` such Force as You shall think necessary to Boston '' . On October 1 , 1768 , the first of four British Army regiments began disembarking in Boston . Two regiments were removed from Boston in 1769 , but the 14th and the 29th Regiments of Foot remained . The Journal of Occurrences , an anonymously written series of newspaper articles , chronicled clashes between civilians and soldiers while troops were stationed in Boston , feeding tensions with its sometimes exaggerated accounts of the events . Tensions rose markedly after Christopher Seider , `` a young lad about eleven Years of Age '' , was killed by a customs employee on February 22 , 1770 . Seider 's death was glorified in the Boston Gazette , and his funeral was described as one of the largest of the time in Boston . The killing and subsequent propaganda inflamed tensions , with gangs of colonists looking for soldiers to harass , and soldiers also on occasion looking for confrontation . Incident This 19th - century lithograph is a variation of Revere 's famous engraving . Produced soon before the American Civil War , this image emphasizes Crispus Attucks , who had by then become an important symbol for abolitionists . ( John Bufford after William L. Champey , circa 1856 ) On the evening of March 5 , Private Hugh White , a British soldier , stood on guard duty outside the Custom house on King Street , today known as State Street . A young wigmaker 's apprentice named Edward Garrick called out to a British officer , Captain - Lieutenant John Goldfinch , that Goldfinch had not paid a bill due to Garrick 's master . Goldfinch had in fact settled his account and ignored the insult . Private White called out to Garrick that he should be more respectful of the officer . Garrick exchanged insults with Private White . Then , after Garrick started poking the officer in the chest with his finger , the officer left his post , challenged the boy , and struck him on the side of the head with his musket . As Garrick cried in pain , one of his companions , Bartholomew Broaders , began to argue with White . This attracted a larger crowd . Henry Knox , a 19 - year - old bookseller ( who would later serve as a general in the revolution ) , came upon the scene and warned White , `` if he fired he must die for it . '' An 1868 print by Alonzo Chappel , showing a more chaotic scene contrary to most earlier representations . As the evening progressed , the crowd around Private White grew larger and more boisterous . Church bells were rung , which usually signified a fire , bringing more people out . Over fifty Bostonians pressed around White , led by a mixed - race runaway slave named Crispus Attucks , throwing objects at the sentry and challenging him to fire his weapon . White , who had taken up a somewhat safer position on the steps of the Custom House , sought assistance . Runners alerted the nearby barracks and Captain Thomas Preston , the officer of the watch . According to his report , Preston dispatched a non-commissioned officer and six privates of the 29th Regiment of Foot , with fixed bayonets , to relieve White . The soldiers Preston sent were Corporal William Wemms , Hugh Montgomery , John Carroll , William McCauley , William Warren , and Matthew Kilroy . Accompanied by Preston , they pushed their way through the crowd . En route , Henry Knox , again trying to reduce tensions , warned Preston , `` For God 's sake , take care of your men . If they fire , you must die . '' Captain Preston responded `` I am aware of it . '' When they reached Private White on the custom house stairs , the soldiers loaded their muskets , and arrayed themselves in a semicircular formation . Preston shouted at the crowd , estimated to number between three and four hundred , to disperse . Boston Massacre grave marker in the Granary Burying Ground The crowd continued to press around the soldiers , taunting them by yelling , `` Fire ! '' , by spitting at and throwing snowballs and other small objects at them . Richard Palmes , a local innkeeper who was carrying a cudgel , came up to Preston and asked if the soldiers ' weapons were loaded . Preston assured him they were , but that they would not fire unless he ordered it , and ( according to his own deposition ) that he was unlikely to do so , since he was standing in front of them . A thrown object then struck Private Montgomery , knocking him down and causing him to drop his musket . He recovered his weapon , and was thought to angrily shout `` Damn you , fire ! '' , then discharged it into the crowd although no command was given . Palmes swung his cudgel first at Montgomery , hitting his arm , and then at Preston . He narrowly missed Preston 's head , striking him on the arm instead . There was a pause of uncertain length ( eyewitness estimates ranged from several seconds to two minutes ) , after which the soldiers fired into the crowd . Rather than a disciplined volley ( Preston gave no orders to fire ) , a ragged series of shots was fired , which hit eleven men . Three Americans -- ropemaker Samuel Gray , mariner James Caldwell , and Crispus Attucks -- died instantly . Samuel Maverick , an apprentice ivory turner of seventeen , was struck by a ricocheting musket ball at the back of the crowd , and died a few hours later , in the early morning of the next day . An Irish immigrant , Patrick Carr , died two weeks later . Christopher Monk , another apprentice , was one of those seriously wounded in the attack . Although he recovered to some extent , he was crippled and eventually died in 1780 , purportedly due to the injuries he had sustained in the attack a decade earlier . The crowd moved away from the immediate area of the custom house , but continued to grow in nearby streets . Captain Preston immediately called out most of the 29th Regiment , which adopted defensive positions in front of the state house . Acting Governor Thomas Hutchinson was summoned to the scene , and was forced by the movement of the crowd into the council chamber of the state house . From its balcony he was able to minimally restore order , promising there would be a fair inquiry into the shootings if the crowd dispersed . Aftermath Investigation Hutchinson immediately began investigating the affair , and by morning , Preston and the eight soldiers had been arrested . In a meeting of the governor 's council held late the morning after the shootings , Boston 's selectmen asked Hutchinson to order the removal of troops from the city to Castle William on Castle Island , while a town meeting at Faneuil Hall met to discuss the affair . The governor 's council was at first opposed to ordering the troop withdrawal , with Hutchinson correctly claiming he did not have the authority to order the troops to move . Lieutenant Colonel William Dalrymple , commander of the troops , did not offer to move them . The town meeting , however , became more restive when it learned of this . Under an imminent threat of further violence , the council changed its position , and unanimously ( `` under duress '' , according to Hutchinson 's report ) agreed to request the troops ' removal . Secretary of State Andrew Oliver reported that , had the troops not been removed , `` that they would probably be destroyed by the people -- should it be called rebellion , should it incur the loss of our charter , or be the consequence what it would . '' This decision left the governor without effective means to police the town . The 14th was transferred to Castle Island without incident about a week later , with the 29th following shortly after . The first four victims were buried amid great ceremony on March 8 ; Patrick Carr , the fifth and final victim , died on March 14 and was buried with them on March 17 . Mr. John Gillespie , in his deposition , ( No. 104 ) declares that , as he was going to the south end of the town , to meet some friends at a public house , he met several people in the streets in parties ( armed with clubs ) , to the number , as he thinks , of forty or fifty persons ; and that while he was sitting with his friends there , several persons of his acquaintance came in to them at different times , and took notice of the numbers of persons they had seen in the street armed in the above manner . ( ... ) About half an hour after eight the bells rung , which ( Gillespie ) and his company took to be for fire ; but they were told by the landlord of the house that it was to collect the mob . Mr. Gillespie upon this resolved to go home , and in his way met numbers of people who were running past him , of whom many were armed with clubs and sticks , and some with other weapons . At the same time a number of people passed by him with two fire - engines , as if there had been a fire in the town . But they were soon told that there was no fire , but that the people were going to fight the soldiers , upon which they immediately quitted the fire - engines , and swore they would go to their assistance . All this happened before the soldiers near the custom - house fired their muskets , which was not till half an hour after nine o'clock ; and it ( shows ) that the inhabitants had formed , and were preparing to execute , a design of attacking the soldiers on that evening . -- Excerpt from A Fair Account , suggesting the colonists planned the attack on the soldiers On March 27 the eight soldiers , Captain Preston , and four civilians who were in the Customs House and were alleged to have fired shots , were all indicted for murder . Bostonians continued to be hostile to the troops and their dependents . General Gage , convinced the troops were doing more harm than good , ordered the 29th Regiment out of the province in May . Governor Hutchinson took advantage of the ongoing high tensions to orchestrate delays of the trials until later in the year . Propaganda battle In the days and weeks following the incident , a propaganda battle was waged between Boston 's radicals and supporters of the government . Both sides published pamphlets that told strikingly different stories , which were principally published in London in a bid to influence opinion there . The Boston Gazette 's version of events , for example , characterized the massacre as part of an ongoing scheme to `` quell a Spirit of Liberty '' , and harped on the negative consequences of quartering troops in the city . Henry Pelham 's engraving copied by Paul Revere A young Boston artist , Henry Pelham , half - brother of the celebrated portrait painter John Singleton Copley , depicted the event . Silversmith and engraver Paul Revere closely copied Pelham 's image , and is often credited as its originator . In order to further public outrage , the engraving contained several inflammatory details . Captain Preston is shown ordering his men to fire , and a musket is seen shooting out of the window of the customs office , which is labeled `` Butcher 's Hall . '' Artist Christian Remick hand - colored some prints . Some copies of the print show a man with two chest wounds and a somewhat darker face , matching descriptions of Attucks ; others show no victim as a person of color . The image was published in the Boston Gazette , circulating widely , and became an effective piece of anti-British propaganda . The image of bright red `` lobster backs '' and wounded men with red blood was hung in farmhouses across New England . Anonymous pamphlets were published describing the event from significantly different perspectives . A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre , published under the auspices of the Boston town meeting , was principally written by James Bowdoin , a member of the governor 's council and a vocal opponent of British colonial policy , along with Samuel Pemberton , and Joseph Warren . It described the shooting and other lesser incidents that took place in the days before as unprovoked attacks on peaceful , law - abiding inhabitants , and was , according to historian Neal Langley York , probably the most influential description of the event . The account it provided was drawn from more than 90 depositions taken after the event , and it included accusations that the soldiers sent by Captain Preston had been deployed with the intention of causing harm . In the interest of minimizing impact on the jury pool , city leaders held back local distribution of the pamphlet , but sent copies to other colonies and to London , where they knew depositions collected by Governor Hutchinson were en route . A second pamphlet , Additional Observations on the Short Narrative , furthered the attack on crown officials by complaining that customs officials ( one of whom had left Boston to carry Hutchinson 's gathered depositions to London ) were abandoning their posts under the pretense that it was too dangerous for them to do their duties . The depositions that Hutchinson collected and sent to London were eventually published in a pamphlet entitled A Fair Account of the Late Unhappy Disturbance in Boston . Drawn mainly from depositions by soldiers , its account of affairs sought to blame selfish Bostonians for denying the validity of Parliamentary laws . It also blamed the city 's hoodlums and gangs for the lawlessness preceding the event , and claimed that they set up an ambush of the soldiers . However , as it was not published until well after the first pamphlet had arrived in London , it ended up having a much smaller impact on the public debate there . Trial John Adams defended the soldiers six of whom were acquitted The Part I took in Defence of Cptn . Preston and the Soldiers , procured me Anxiety , and Obloquy enough . It was , however , one of the most gallant , generous , manly and disinterested Actions of my whole Life , and one of the best Pieces of Service I ever rendered my Country . Judgment of Death against those Soldiers would have been as foul a Stain upon this Country as the Executions of the Quakers or Witches , anciently . As the Evidence was , the Verdict of the Jury was exactly right . This however is no Reason why the Town should not call the Action of that Night a Massacre , nor is it any Argument in favour of the Governor or Minister , who caused them to be sent here . But it is the strongest Proofs of the Danger of Standing Armies . -- John Adams , on the third anniversary of the massacre The government was determined to give the soldiers a fair trial so there could be no grounds for retaliation from the British and so moderates would not be alienated from the Patriot cause . After several lawyers with Loyalist leanings refused to defend him , Preston sent a request to John Adams , pleading for him to work on the case . Adams , who was already a leading Patriot and who was contemplating a run for public office , agreed to help , in the interest of ensuring a fair trial . Adams was joined by Josiah Quincy II after the latter was assured that the Sons of Liberty would not oppose his appointment , and by Robert Auchmuty , a Loyalist . They were assisted by Sampson Salter Blowers , whose chief duty was to investigate the jury pool , and Paul Revere , who drew a detailed map of the bodies to be used in the trial of the British soldiers held responsible . Massachusetts Solicitor General Samuel Quincy and private attorney Robert Treat Paine , hired by the town of Boston , handled the prosecution . Preston was tried separately in late October 1770 . He was acquitted after the jury was convinced that he had not ordered the troops to fire . The trial of the eight soldiers opened on November 27 , 1770 . Adams told the jury to look beyond the fact the soldiers were British . He argued that if the soldiers were endangered by the mob , which he called `` a motley rabble of saucy boys , negroes , and molattoes , Irish teagues and outlandish jack tarrs ( i.e. sailors ) '' , they had the legal right to fight back , and so were innocent . If they were provoked but not endangered , he argued , they were at most guilty of manslaughter . The jury agreed with Adams and acquitted six of the soldiers after two and one - half hours ' deliberation . Two of the soldiers were found guilty of manslaughter because there was overwhelming evidence that they had fired directly into the crowd . The jury 's decisions suggest that they believed the soldiers had felt threatened by the crowd , but should have delayed firing . Patrick Carr , the fifth victim , corroborated this with deathbed testimony delivered to his doctor . The convicted soldiers were granted reduced sentences by invoking Benefit of clergy , which reduced their punishment from a death sentence to branding of the thumb in open court . The four civilians were tried on December 13 . The principal prosecution witness , a servant of one of the accused , made claims that were easily rebutted by defense witnesses . In the face of this weak testimony , as well as waning public interest , the prosecution allegedly failed to press its case very hard . The civilians were all acquitted , and the servant was eventually convicted of perjury , whipped , and banished from the province . Legacy Contribution to American Revolution The Boston Massacre is considered one of the most important events that turned colonial sentiment against King George III and British Parliamentary authority . Howard Zinn argues that Boston was full of class anger . He reports that in 1763 , the Boston Gazette published that `` a few persons in power '' were promoting political projects `` for keeping the people poor in order to make them humble . '' John Adams wrote that the `` foundation of American independence was laid '' on March 5 , 1770 , and Samuel Adams and other Patriots used annual commemorations ( Massacre Day ) of the event to fulminate against British rule . Christopher Monk , the boy who was wounded in the attack and died in 1780 , was paraded before the crowds as a reminder of British hostility . Later events , such as the Boston Tea Party , further illustrated the crumbling relationship between Britain and its colonies . Although five years passed between the massacre and outright revolution , and direct connections between the massacre and the later war are ( according to historian Neil Langley York ) somewhat tenuous , it is widely perceived as a significant event leading to the violent rebellion that followed . Commemorations Massacre memorial on the Boston Common See also : Massacre Day and Freedom Trail The massacre was remembered in 1858 in a celebration organized by William Cooper Nell , an African American abolitionist who saw the death of Crispus Attucks as an opportunity to demonstrate the role of African Americans in the Revolutionary War . Partly because of this activism , artwork commemorating the massacre was produced that changed the color of a victim 's skin to black ( which in Revere 's original engraving was white ) to emphasize Attucks ' claimed martyrdom . In 1888 , a monument was erected on the Boston Common to the men killed in the massacre , and the five victims , along with Christopher Seider , were reinterred in a prominent grave in the Granary Burying Ground . The massacre is reenacted annually on March 5 under the auspices of the Bostonian Society . The Old State House , the massacre site , and the Granary Burying Ground are all part of Boston 's Freedom Trail , connecting sites important in the city 's revolutionary - era history . See also Boston portal List of massacres in Massachusetts Timeline of United States revolutionary history ( 1760 -- 1789 ) References ^ Jump up to : Fischer , Paul Revere 's Ride , 24 . Jump up ^ Antal , `` 7 Leadership Lessons of the American Revolution '' , 40 . Jump up ^ The Boston Massacre Jump up ^ The American Past : A Survey of American History ; Joseph Conlin P. 133 Jump up ^ Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda . Martin J. Manning Page 33 ^ Jump up to : Knollenberg , Growth , p. 54 . Jump up ^ Ross and McCaughey , From Loyalist to Founding Father , p. 94 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , p. 56 . Jump up ^ Triber , A True Republican , p. 66 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , p. 63 . Jump up ^ Triber , A True Republican , p. 63 . Jump up ^ Ross and McCaughey , From Loyalist to Founding Father , p. 93 . Jump up ^ A Short Narrative , p. 17 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 75 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , p. 76 . ^ Jump up to : Knollenberg , Growth , pp. 76 -- 78 . Jump up ^ Middlekauff , Glorious Cause , pp. 208 -- 210 . Jump up ^ O'Connor , The Hub , p. 56 . ^ Jump up to : Allison , The Boston Massacre , 11 . Jump up ^ Zobel , The Boston Massacre , pp. 185 -- 86 . Jump up ^ Allison , The Boston Massacre , p. 12 . 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Amherst , MA : University of Massachusetts Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55849 - 139 - 7 . OCLC 171052850 . Walett , Francis ( September 1950 ) . `` James Bowdoin , Patriot Propagandist '' . The New England Quarterly ( Volume 23 , No. 3 ) . JSTOR 361420 . Wheeler , William Bruce ; Becker , Susan Becker ; Glover , Lorri ( 2011 ) . Discovering the American Past : A Look at the Evidence : To 1877 . Belmont , CA : Cengage Learning . ISBN 978 - 0 - 495 - 79984 - 9 . OCLC 664324291 . Woods , Thomas ( 2008 ) . Exploring American History : From Colonial Times to 1877 . New York : Associated University Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7614 - 7746 - 4 . OCLC 302384920 . York , Neil Longley ( 2009 ) . `` Rival Truths , Political Accommodation , and the Boston ' Massacre ' '' . Massachusetts Historical Review ( Volume 11 ) : 57 -- 95 . JSTOR 40345980 . York , Neil Longley ( 2010 ) . The Boston Massacre : a History with Documents . New York : Taylor & Francis . ISBN 978 - 0 - 415 - 87348 - 2 . OCLC 695944958 . Young , Alfred ( Spring 2003 ) . `` Revolution in Boston ? Eight Propositions for Public History on the Freedom Trail '' ( PDF ) . The Public Historian ( Volume 25 , No. 2 ) : 17 -- 41 . Zinn , Howard ( 1980 ) . A People 's History of the United States . New York : HarperCollins . ISBN 978 - 0 - 06 - 019448 - 2 . OCLC 42420960 . Zobel , Hiller B ( 1970 ) . The Boston Massacre . New York : W.W. Norton & Company . ISBN 978 - 0 - 393 - 31483 - 0 . OCLC 243696768 . Further reading Reid , John Phillip ( 1974 ) . `` A Lawyer Acquitted : John Adams and the Boston Massacre '' . American Journal of Legal History ( Volume 18 , No. 3 ) : 189 -- 207 . ISSN 0002 - 9319 . Ritter , Kurt W ( 1977 ) . `` Confrontation as Moral Drama : the Boston Massacre in Rhetorical Perspective '' . Southern Speech Communication Journal ( Volume 42 , No. 1 ) : 114 -- 136 . ISSN 0361 - 8269 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boston Massacre . 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( Retrieved 10 December 2017 . ) Massachusetts Historical Society Massacre Exhibit Boston Massacre investigative game by the Bostonian Society , stagers of the annual reenactment Preceded by Old State House Locations along Boston 's Freedom Trail Site of the Boston Massacre Succeeded by Faneuil Hall John Adams 2nd President of the United States , 1797 -- 1801 1st Vice President of the United States , 1789 -- 1797 U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom , 1785 -- 1788 U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands , 1782 -- 1788 Delegate , Second Continental Congress , 1775 -- 1778 Delegate , First Continental Congress , 1774 Founding of the United States Braintree Instructions ( 1765 ) Boston Massacre defense Continental Association Novanglus ; A History of the Dispute with America , From Its Origin in 1754 to the Present Time ( 1775 ) Thoughts on Government ( 1776 ) Declaration of Independence May 15 preamble Committee of Five Model Treaty Treaty of Amity and Commerce Treaty of Alliance Board of War Chairman of the Marine Committee , 1775 - 1779 Continental Navy Staten Island Peace Conference Conference House Constitution of Massachusetts ( 1780 ) Treaty of Paris , 1783 Presidency Inauguration Quasi War with France XYZ Affair Commerce Protection Act United States Marine Corps Convention of 1800 Alien and Sedition Acts Naturalization Act of 1798 Navy Department Library Treaty of Tellico Treaty of Tripoli Midnight Judges Act Marbury v. 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Mitral valve - wikipedia Mitral valve Jump to : navigation , search Mitral valve Anterior ( frontal ) view of the opened heart . White arrows indicate normal blood flow . ( Mitral valve labeled at center right . ) Base of ventricles exposed by removal of the atria . ( Bicuspid ( mitral ) valve visible at bottom left . ) Details Identifiers Latin Valva atrioventricularis sinistra , valva mitralis , valvula bicuspidalis MeSH A07. 541.510. 507 Dorlands / Elsevier 12843904 TA A12. 1.04. 003 FMA 7235 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) The mitral valve , also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve , is a valve with two flaps in the heart , that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle . The mitral valve along with the tricuspid valve are known collectively as the atrioventricular valves because they lie between the atria and the ventricles of the heart . In normal conditions , blood flows through an open mitral valve during diastole with contraction of the left atrium , and the mitral valve closes during systole with contraction of the left ventricle . The valve opens and closes because of pressure differences , opening when there is greater pressure in the left atrium than ventricle , and closing when there is greater pressure in the ventricle than atrium . In abnormal conditions , blood may flow backwards through the valve ( mitral regurgitation ) or the mitral valve may be narrowed ( mitral stenosis ) . Rheumatic heart disease often affects the mitral valve ; the valve may also prolapse with age , and be affected by infective endocarditis . The mitral valve is named after the mitre of a bishop , which resembles its flaps . Contents ( hide ) 1 Structure 1.1 Chordae tendineae 1.2 Annulus 2 Function 3 Clinical significance 3.1 Disease 3.2 Investigation 4 Etymology and pronunciation 5 Additional images 6 References 7 External links 8 Further reading Structure ( edit ) Operative view of the mitral valve with a chordal rupture `` fail '' of the anterior leaflet See also : Heart valve The mitral valve is typically 4 to 6 square centimetres ( 0.62 to 0.93 sq in ) in area , and sits in the left heart between the left atrium and the left ventricle . It has two leaflets ( or ' cusps ' ) , an anteromedial leaflet , and a posterolateral leaftlet . The opening of the mitral valve is surrounded by a fibrous ring known as the mitral annulus . The anterior cusp covers approximately two - thirds of the valve ( imagine a crescent moon within the circle , where the crescent represents the posterior cusp ) . Although the anterior leaflet takes up a larger part of the ring and rises higher , the posterior leaflet has a larger surface area . Chordae tendineae ( edit ) The left side of the heart . The mitral valve , as well as the chordae tendinae are visible as white strings . These connect to the papillary muscles visible attaching to the muscular ventricle . The valve leaflets are prevented from prolapsing into the left atrium by the action of chordae tendineae . The chordae tendineae are inelastic tendons attached at one end to papillary muscles in the left ventricle , and at the other to the valve cusps . Papillary muscles are finger - like projections from the wall of the left ventricle . When the left ventricle contracts , the pressure in the ventricle forces the valve to close , while the tendons keep the leaflets coapting together and prevent the valve from opening in the wrong direction ( thus preventing blood to flow back to the left atrium ) . Each chord has a different thickness . The thinnest ones are attached to the free leaflet margin , whereas thickest ones ( strut chords ) are attached quite away from the free margin . This disposition has important effects on systolic stress distribution physiology Annulus ( edit ) Mitral annulus The mitral annulus is a fibrous ring that is attached to the mitral valve leaflets . Unlike prosthetic valves , it is not continuous . The mitral annulus is saddle shaped and changes in shape throughout the cardiac cycle . The annulus contracts and reduces its surface area during systole to help provide complete closure of the leaflets . Expansion of the annulus can result in leaftlets that do not join soundly together , leading to functional mitral regurgitation . The normal diameter of the mitral annulus is 2.7 to 3.5 centimetres ( 1.1 to 1.4 in ) , and the circumference is 8 to 9 centimetres ( 3.1 to 3.5 in ) . Microscopically , there is no evidence of an annular structure anteriorly , where the mitral valve leaflet is contiguous with the posterior aortic root . Function ( edit ) See also : Heart valves During left ventricular diastole , after the pressure drops in the left ventricle due to relaxation of the ventricular myocardium , the mitral valve opens , and blood travels from the left atrium to the left ventricle . About 70 to 80 % of the blood that travels across the mitral valve occurs during the early filling phase of the left ventricle . This early filling phase is due to active relaxation of the ventricular myocardium , causing a pressure gradient that allows a rapid flow of blood from the left atrium , across the mitral valve . This early filling across the mitral valve is seen on doppler echocardiography of the mitral valve as the E wave . After the E wave , there is a period of slow filling of the ventricle . Left atrial contraction ( left atrial systole ) ( during left ventricular diastole ) causes added blood to flow across the mitral valve immediately before left ventricular systole . This late flow across the open mitral valve is seen on doppler echocardiography of the mitral valve as the A wave . The late filling of the left ventricle contributes about 20 % to the volume in the left ventricle prior to ventricular systole , and is known as the atrial kick . The mitral annulus changes in shape and size during the cardiac cycle . It is smaller at the end of atrial systole due to the contraction of the left atrium around it , like a sphincter . This reduction in annulus size at the end of atrial systole may be important for the proper coapting of the leaflets of the mitral valve when the left ventricle contracts and pumps blood . Leaking valves can be corrected by mitral valve annuloplasty , a common surgical procedure that aims at restoring proper leaflet adjustment . Clinical significance ( edit ) Play media Video explanation of mitral valve diseases Disease ( edit ) There are some valvular heart diseases that affect the mitral valve . Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the valve . This can be heard as an opening snap in a heart sound which is not normally present . Classic mitral valve prolapse is caused by an excess of connective tissue that thickens the spongiosa layer of the cusp and separates collagen bundles in the fibrosa . This weakens the cusps and adjacent tissue , resulting in an increased cuspal area and lengthening of the chordae tendineae . Elongation of the chordae tendineae often causes rupture , commonly to the chordae attached to the posterior cusp . Advanced lesions -- also commonly involving the posterior leaflet -- lead to leaflet folding , inversion , and displacement toward the left atrium . A valve prolapse can result in mitral insufficiency which is a regurgitation or backflow of blood due to the incomplete closure of the valve . Rheumatic heart disease often affects the mitral valve . The valve may also be affected by infective endocarditis Surgery can be performed to replace or repair a damaged valve . A less invasive method is that of mitral valvuloplasty which uses a balloon catheter to open up a stenotic valve . Rarely there can be a severe form known as caseous calcification of the mitral valve that can be mistaken for intracardiac mass or thrombus . Investigation ( edit ) The closing of the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve constitutes the first heart sound ( S1 ) , which can be heard with a stethoscope . It is not the valve closure itself which produces the sound but the sudden cessation of blood flow , when the mitral and tricuspid valves close. . Abnormalities associated with the mitral valve can often be heard when listening with a stethoscope . The mitral valve is often also investigated using an ultrasound scan , which can reveal the size and flow of blood through the valve . Etymology and pronunciation ( edit ) The word mitral ( / ˈmaɪtrəl / ) comes from Latin , meaning `` shaped like a mitre '' ( bishop 's hat ) . The word bicuspid uses combining forms of bi - , from Latin , meaning `` double '' , and cusp , meaning `` point '' , reflecting the dual - flap shape of the valve . Additional images ( edit ) The human heart , viewed from the front . The mitral valve is visible on the right as the `` bicuspid valve '' The chest , showing surface relations of bones , lungs ( purple ) , pleura ( blue ) , and heart ( red ) . Heart valves are labeled with `` B '' , `` T '' , `` A '' , and `` P '' . Mitral valve , viewed in a cadaver specimen from within the left atrium . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Nazari S , Carli F , Salvi S , et al. ( Apr 2000 ) . `` Patterns of systolic stress distribution on mitral valve anterior leaflet chordal apparatus . A structural mechanical theoretical analysis '' . J Cardiovasc Surg ( Torino ) . 41 ( 2 ) : 193 -- 202 . PMID 10901521 . Jump up ^ Mahmood , Feroze ; Shakil , Omair ; Mahmood , Bilal ; Chaudhry , Maria ; Matyal , Robina ; Khabbaz , Kamal R. ( December 2013 ) . `` Mitral Annulus : An Intraoperative Echocardiographic Perspective '' . Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 27 ( 6 ) : 1355 -- 1363 . doi : 10.1053 / j. jvca. 2013.02. 008 . Jump up ^ Perloff , JK ; Roberts , WC ( 1972 ) . `` The mitral apparatus . Functional anatomy of mitral regurgitation '' . Circulation. 46 ( 2 ) : 227 -- 39 . doi : 10.1161 / 01. cir. 46.2. 227 . Jump up ^ Otto , Catherine M. ; Robert Bonow ( September 2009 ) . Valvular Heart Disease : A Companion to Braunwald 's Heart Disease . Elsevier Health Sciences . ISBN 1 - 4160 - 5892 - 3 . External link in title = ( help ) Jump up ^ Pai RG , Varadarajan P , Tanimoto M ( 2003 ) . `` Effect of atrial fibrillation on the dynamics of mitral annular area '' . The Journal of Heart Valve Disease . 12 ( 1 ) : 31 -- 7 . PMID 12578332 . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 04 . Jump up ^ Playford , David ; Weyman , Arthur ( 2001 ) . `` Mitral valve prolapse : time for a fresh look '' . Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine . 2 ( 2 ) : 73 -- 81 . PMID 12439384 . Jump up ^ Kosior , Dariusz A. ( 2014 ) . `` Mitral annulus caseous calcification mimicking cardiac mass in asymptomatic patient -- multimodality imaging approach to incidental echocardiographic finding '' . Polish Journal of Radiology. 79 : 88 -- 90 . doi : 10.12659 / PJR. 889830 . External links ( edit ) Anatomy figure : 20 : 07 - 03 at Human Anatomy Online , SUNY Downstate Medical Center -- `` Valves of the heart '' Cardiac Valve Animations - Perioperative Interactive Education Group -- Cardiac valve animations Further reading ( edit ) Ingels , Jr , Neil B and Karlsson , Matts . Mitral Valve Mechanics . Linköping University Electronic Press , 2016 . ISBN 978 - 91 - 7685 - 952 - 0 . Open access ( hide ) Anatomy of the heart General Surface base apex sulci coronary interatrial anterior interventricular posterior interventricular borders right left Internal atria interatrial septum pectinate muscles terminal sulcus ventricles interventricular septum trabeculae carneae chordae tendineae papillary muscle valves cusps atrioventricular septum cardiac skeleton intervenous tubercle Chambers Right heart ( venae cavae , coronary sinus ) → right atrium ( atrial appendage , fossa ovalis , limbus of fossa ovalis , crista terminalis , valve of inferior vena cava , valve of coronary sinus ) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle ( infundibulum , moderator band / septomarginal trabecula ) → pulmonary valve → ( pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation ) Left heart ( pulmonary veins ) → left atrium ( atrial appendage ) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve ( aortic sinus ) → ( aorta and systemic circulation ) Layers Endocardium heart valves Myocardium Conduction system cardiac pacemaker SA node Bachmann 's bundle AV node bundle of His bundle branches Purkinje fibers Pericardial cavity pericardial sinus Pericardium fibrous pericardium sternopericardial ligaments serous pericardium epicardium / visceral layer fold of left vena cava Blood supply Circulatory system Coronary circulation Coronary arteries Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitral_valve&oldid=804536031 '' Categories : Cardiac anatomy Heart valves Hidden categories : CS1 errors : external links Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage Medicine infobox template using Dorlands parameter All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Català Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Emiliàn e rumagnòl فارسی Français Galego Italiano Македонски Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Svenska Українська اردو 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 9 October 2017 , at 17 : 18 . 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Question: where is the mitral (bicuspid) valve located

in the heart, that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle


Jeepers Creepers 3 - wikipedia Jeepers Creepers 3 Jump to : navigation , search Jeepers Creepers 3 Directed by Victor Salva Produced by Michael Ohoven Jake Seal Victor Salva Written by Victor Salva Starring Jonathan Breck Meg Foster Gabrielle Haugh Chester Rushing Stan Shaw Brandon Smith Gina Philips Music by Andrew Morgan Smith Cinematography Don E. FauntLeRoy Edited by Misty Talley Production company Infinity Films Myriad Pictures Distributed by Screen Media Films Release date September 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 26 ) Running time 85 minutes Country United States Language English Box office $3.2 million Jeepers Creepers 3 is a 2017 American horror film written and directed by Victor Salva and the third installment in the Jeepers Creepers franchise , taking place in between Jeepers Creepers and Jeepers Creepers 2 . Jonathan Breck reprises his role as the Creeper . Gina Philips returns in a cameo as her character Trish Jenner , her first time returning to the franchise since the original film . The film was shown in theaters on September 26 , 2017 , in what was originally announced as a one - night - only showing , and was then shown again on October 4 , 2017 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Filming 4 Release 4.1 Home media 5 Marketing 6 Reception 6.1 Box office 6.2 Critical response 7 Sequel 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Plot ( edit ) The film opens with a shuriken ( throwing star ) flying through the air and hitting a wooden post as a man runs for his life . When the man reaches the road , the Creeper suddenly drops from the sky and flies off with him while another man watches from his truck . When he gets out to investigate he looks up in the air and sees a severed hand fall from the sky . Twenty - three years later , shortly after the events of the first film , the police discover the Creeper 's truck filled with dead bodies . The truck has been rigged with several booby - traps , including spikes that emerge from the bed of the truck , and a spear that shoots out from the tail - pipe . When Sheriff Dan Tashtego arrives , Sergeant Davis Tubbs tells him what happened and Tashtego informs him that the Creeper has been around for thousands of years and must be stopped . They then rush to get the Creeper 's truck back after learning it is headed for the impound . As Frank and Deputy Lang transport the vehicle , the Creeper lands on the tow truck and severs the cables . They then watch as the truck drives off seemingly on its own , while the Creeper stands on top of it . When the truck turns around , the Creeper lands on Frank and abducts him while Lang stands frozen in fear . The next day , Gaylen Brandon sees a vision of her son Kenny , who was killed by the Creeper twenty - three years earlier . He warns her that the Creeper will return soon to uncover something buried on the property and will kill anyone there , including her and her granddaughter , Addison , when it does . Meanwhile , Tashtego informs Tubbs that he has put together a small team to hunt down the Creeper and kill it once and for all . Later , a group of teenagers discovers the Creeper 's truck in a field . After finding the bodies , they take off on dirt bikes , but one of them , Kirk , is shot in the leg with the spear . As two of the other boys try to free him , the Creeper returns and kills them both with another spear . The last boy is abducted by the Creeper as he tries to escape for peeing on the Creeper 's truck . Later , Addison goes into town to buy hay for her horse . When she ca n't pay for it , her friend Buddy helps her out and the two drive up to a plantation house to deliver more hay . There they find the owner and a couple other men hiding under cars , but before they can get help the Creeper arrives and abducts Addison , leaving Buddy traumatized . Gaylen discovers a sack containing the Creeper 's severed hand buried in her front yard , and when she touches it she goes into a hypnotic state . When Tashtego and Tubbs arrive with the team , she reveals that the hand contains secrets about the Creeper 's origins , and Tashtego decides to touch it to uncover a way to kill it . Addison wakes up in the Creeper 's truck along with Kirk , and together they try to find a way out , however , when Kirk reaches for the door handle a metal rod shoots out from between the seats and impales him in the head . Meanwhile , Tashtego and Tubbs discover the Creeper 's location , and they head off to find him , along with Michael ( who has a machine gun attached to his car ) . They find the Creeper driving down the highway in his truck , but when they shoot at it the bullets deflect , and Michael is killed . A small explosive is then ejected from the bottom of the Creeper 's truck , and when it goes off , Tashtego and Tubbs 's car lands in a field . Tubbs gets out and tries to shoot the Creeper , but all of his attempts fail . Before the Creeper can kill Tubbs , Tashtego calls him and he goes for him instead . When the Creeper jumps into the air , Tashtego shoots him several times with the machine gun , but the bullets have no effect and he is tackled to the ground and struck in the head with an axe . When the Creeper stands up , he removes his axe from Tashtego 's head and walks away while Tubbs watches from afar . That night , the Creeper discovers that Addison is still alive , but before he can kill her , she causes the metal rod to shoot out and impale him in the head . She quickly escapes and runs through a field , and he attempts to throw a spear at her , which barely misses her head . He is then hit by a truck and Addison runs away . When the truck driver gets out to see what happened , he is killed by the Creeper . Addison runs and hides in a field but she is found by Gaylene and Buddy and the three leave together . The Creeper later returns to Gaylen 's house where he finds a sign that says ' We know what you are ' along with the hand and yells out in anger . The next day , Addison says goodbye to Buddy as he leaves for a high school basketball game in the same bus that is attacked by the Creeper in the second movie . Twenty - three years later , Trish Jenner is seen typing a letter on a computer calling for people to fight against the Creeper when it returns , and vows to get revenge on the Creeper for the death of her brother , Darry . Cast ( edit ) Jonathan Breck as the Creeper Meg Foster as Gaylen Brandon Gabrielle Haugh as Addison Brandon Stan Shaw as Sheriff Dan Tashtego Joyce Giraud as Deputy Dana Lang Jordan Salloum as Kenny Brandon Ryan Moore as Kirk Mathers Brandon Smith as Sergeant Davis Tubbs Gina Philips as Trish Jenner ( cameo ) Production ( edit ) The third film was in talks even before Jeepers Creepers 2 was released back in 2003 . In 2006 , the movie was `` announced '' and was tentatively called Jeepers Creepers 3 : The Creeper Walks Among Us . MGM had originally planned to release the movie direct to DVD , but was unable to find proper financing . The movie 's script was written by director Victor Salva , with the new title Jeepers Creepers 3 : Cathedral , with Gina Philips returning as Trish Jenner from the first film . For nine more years , the film faced many false starts and setbacks , with Victor Salva saying `` the film has come close many times to going before the cameras , and I hope someone sees the wisdom in shooting this '' . Officially on September 11 , 2015 , the movie got the green light to start filming from Myriad Pictures , and was to begin filming in early 2016 . However , before filming could begin in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canadian talent agencies sent out an alert to warn others about Victor Salva 's criminal past , and then the casting calls were removed , which halted the production . However , producer Stan Spry assured a fan on Twitter that the movie was not cancelled . On the special edition Blu - ray release of Jeepers Creepers 2 , Victor Salva stated that he has written a new script for Jeepers Creepers 3 set between the days of Jeepers Creepers and Jeepers Creepers 2 , where the Creeper terrorizes a farming community . Plans changed yet again , as Gina Philips was brought in to reprise her role as Trish in a cameo . The film 's plot is set in between the first two films , in the year 2001 , although the original Cathedral storyline had the film take place 23 years after the first two films . Actor Stan Shaw , who plays a sheriff in this film , confirmed to a fan on Twitter that the Cathedral storyline was scrapped as that material was more than 12 years old . Filming ( edit ) In January 2017 , it was confirmed the film was back in pre-production and that filming would begin in February 2017 in Louisiana , instead of Canada as originally planned ( more closely duplicating the Florida setting of the original film ) . Principal photography finally began on February 15 , 2017 in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . On April 4 , one of the cameras of the production revealed in their social networks that the filming was already finished . Release ( edit ) During an interview for the Edmond Sun , Justin Hall specifically revealed that the film would be released on September 4 , but nothing was confirmed by Victor Salva or the movie studio . On August 16 , the AMC Theaters website stated Jeepers Creepers 3 opens on September 26 , 2017 . On August 29 , selected theaters began selling tickets along with the official poster , revealing that the film would be on display for only one night . Fathom Events then announced that the film 's premiere would also feature never - before - seen bonus pictures and an interview with Jonathan Breck , who plays the Creeper in all three franchise films . A second showing in theaters on October 4 was later added . Fandango updated the brief film synopsis shortly after , `` this Fall , the Creeper returns . See the next film in the iconic horror franchise when Jeepers Creepers 3 returns for a special encore event in movie theaters nationwide for only one night on Wednesday , October 4 . '' Other participating theaters included Marcus Theaters and Galaxy Theaters The film 's Facebook account announced that the film would have its television premiere on the Syfy network on October 28 , 2017 . The channel aired an encore showing on October 29 . Home media ( edit ) The film is set to be released on DVD and Blu - ray on December 26 , 2017 . Marketing ( edit ) Since the announcement of the final filming , several photos began to appear on the internet implying that they were photos leaked from the post production of Jeepers Creepers 3 , mainly for presenting the actor Stan Shaw that had already been confirmed in the film . The photos ended up being confirmed and shortly after it was released a Behind the Scenes video of the film in social networks . The first teaser trailer for 30 seconds was released on September 6 and the official trailer for the movie was released on September 15 on various YouTube trailer channels . Reception ( edit ) Box Office ( edit ) During its limited two - day run , Jeepers Creepers 3 grossed $2.3 million in the United States and $997,710 in other territories for a worldwide total of $3.2 million . The film opened in 635 theaters for one day and debuted in # 3 in Tuesday Box Office ranking , alongside Kingsman : The Golden Circle and It . Critical response ( edit ) Jeepers Creepers 3 received mixed to negative reviews from critics . On Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds a negative approval rating of 20 % based on 5 reviews , with a weighted average rating of 4.1 / 10 . Film critic Steve Pulaski gave the film a mixed review , saying that `` through all its shortcomings , some admittedly due to what the wonders the passing of time does to one 's expectations , I did find some enjoyment in Jeepers Creepers 3 . All of these films have been a tad different from their predecessor , and this one is no exception . It clearly wants to give fans something they can appreciate , it just does n't always know the best route . '' Steve Barton in review to Dread Central gave the film three and a half out of five stars and said , `` at the end of the day if you 're a fan of the franchise , you 'll be happy with this latest entry ... which for my tastes is better than the second but just falls short of the goodness and quality of the original experience . The door has been left open for Jeepers Creepers 4 , and whether or not that will happen remains to be seen '' . However , Robert Yaniz , Jr. from We Got This Covered said that `` lacking in imagination or genuine scares , Jeepers Creepers 3 falls tragically short on just about every front '' . Adam Dileo from IGN gave his verdict saying that being `` an unremarkable entry in a cult favorite franchise , Jeepers Creepers 3 offers fans too little to get excited about . While the monster still rules its slice of country highway and the skies above it , the rest of the film crashes in the cornfields '' . Ernie Trinidad gave the film two out of five stars , stating that the film `` did n't deliver the story fans were anticipating nor provide enough incentive to want to return for the inevitable sequel '' . Trinidad also felt that the film 's daytime setting only managed to draw attention to its low quality CGI and make - up effects . Sequel ( edit ) In an interview for Diabolique , actress Gina Philips revealed that Victor Salva has a plot ready for a fourth installment in Jeepers Creepers franchise . She said `` Victor has written what happens from the second after the conclusion of ' Jeepers Creepers 3 ' . I think that 's all I 'm allowed to say about it but he wrote in such detail and he had a lot of flashbacks to what happened over the years that it made it very easy for me . I got to see what will eventually happen to the character and he put enough flashbacks in there that I got to see what happened to her over the last 15 years . Let 's just say , there 's more to come . '' See also ( edit ) Jeepers Creepers Jeepers Creepers 2 Horror films List of horror films 2017 films List of horror films of 2017 List of horror films of 2000 Monster movies Jersey Devil Spring - heeled Jack References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ' Jeepers Creepers 3 ' Is Happening ... Soon '' . November 14 , 2013 . Retrieved September 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 Casting Notice Removed '' . March 28 , 2016 . Retrieved September 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Is ' Jeepers Creepers 3 ' Gina Philips ' Story ? ! '' . January 30 , 2017 . Retrieved September 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Miska , Brad . `` ' Jeepers Creepers 3 ' Started Filming Today ( Exclusive ) - Bloody Disgusting ! '' . Bloody Disgusting.com . Brad Miska . Retrieved 14 March 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 possible release date revealed '' . May 7 , 2017 . Retrieved September 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers in Theaters '' . August 29 , 2017 . Retrieved September 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 , 2nd showing in Theaters '' . September 24 , 2017 . Retrieved September 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Fandango 2nd showing of Jeepers Creepers 3 '' . October 4 , 2017 . Retrieved September 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 2nd Showing October 4th , 2017 '' . September 24 , 2017 . Retrieved September 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 2nd Showing October 4 2017 '' . September 24 , 2017 . Retrieved September 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Wegotthiscovered.com Jump up ^ Dvdreleasedates.com Jump up ^ `` Here 's Stan Shaw in ' Jeepers Creepers 3 ' '' . June 27 , 2017 . Retrieved September 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 gets full trailer w / tons of new footage '' . September 15 , 2017 . Retrieved September 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved September 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 ( 2017 ) - Rotten Tomatoes '' . Rotten Tomatoes.com . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved 3 January 2018 . Jump up ^ Pulaski , Steve . `` Jeepers Creepers 3 '' . The Steve Pulaski Message Board . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 ( 2017 ) '' . Dread Central . Retrieved September 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 ( 2017 ) '' . We Got This Covered . Retrieved September 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 Review '' . IGN . Retrieved September 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Trinidad , Ernie . `` Jeepers Creepers 3 FILM REVIEW '' . Ernie Trinidad.com . Ernie Trinidad . Retrieved 3 January 2018 . Jump up ^ `` ' Jeepers Creepers 4 ' Confirmed -- Before ' Jeepers Creepers 3 ' Is Even Released ! '' . June 1 , 2017 . Retrieved September 15 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Jeepers Creepers 3 on IMDb Jeepers Creepers 3 at Rotten Tomatoes Films directed by Victor Salva Clownhouse ( 1989 ) The Nature of the Beast ( 1995 ) Powder ( 1995 ) Rites of Passage ( 1999 ) Jeepers Creepers ( 2001 ) Jeepers Creepers 2 ( 2003 ) Peaceful Warrior ( 2006 ) Rosewood Lane ( 2011 ) Dark House ( 2014 ) Jeepers Creepers 3 ( 2017 ) Jeepers Creepers Jeepers Creepers Jeepers Creepers 2 Jeepers Creepers 3 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeepers_Creepers_3&oldid=819371078 '' Categories : 2017 films English - language films 2017 horror films 2010s monster movies 2010s sequel films 2010s supernatural films American films American monster movies American sequel films American supernatural horror films Fictional demons and devils Films directed by Victor Salva Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español فارسی Français Italiano Nederlands Português Română Русский Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 9 January 2018 , at 00 : 32 . 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Question: who played the creature on jeepers creepers 3