Evil eye - wikipedia Evil eye Jump to : navigation , search `` Malochio '' and `` Malocchio '' redirect here . For the album by Abandon All Ships , see Malocchio ( album ) . 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The evil eye is a curse believed to be cast by a malevolent glare , usually given to a person when they are unaware . Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury . Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called `` evil eyes '' . The idea expressed by the term causes many different cultures to pursue protective measures against it . The concept and its significance vary widely among different cultures , primarily in West Asia . The idea appears several times in rabbinic literature . It was a widely extended belief among many Mediterranean and Asian tribes and cultures . Charms and decorations with eye - like symbols known as nazars , which are used to repel the evil eye , are a common sight across Armenia , Albania , Algeria , Tunisia , Turkey , Egypt , Iran , Iraq , Pakistan , Israel , Morocco , Greece , the Levant , Afghanistan , Syria , southern Spain , and Mexico , and have become a popular choice of souvenir with tourists . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Classical antiquity 2 Around the world 3 Protective talismans and cures 3.1 In Islam 3.2 Assyrians 3.3 In Judaism 3.4 Turkey 3.5 Ethiopia 3.6 Pakistan 3.7 Greece 3.8 Italy 3.9 Spain and Latin America 3.9. 1 Brazil 3.9. 2 Mexico 3.10 India 3.11 United States 4 Media and press coverage 5 Names in various languages 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links History ( edit ) Belief in the evil eye dates back to Classical antiquity . It is referenced by Hesiod , Callimachus , Plato , Diodorus Siculus , Theocritus , Plutarch , Heliodorus , Pliny the Elder , and Aulus Gellius . Peter Walcot 's Envy and the Greeks ( 1978 ) listed more than one hundred works by these and other authors mentioning the evil eye . Classical antiquity ( edit ) Roman - era mosaic from Antioch depicting a plethora of devices against the evil eye Classical authors attempted to offer explanations for the evil eye . Plutarch 's scientific explanation stated that the eyes were the chief , if not sole , source of the deadly rays that were supposed to spring up like poisoned darts from the inner recesses of a person possessing the evil eye . Plutarch treated the phenomenon of the evil eye as something seemingly inexplicable that is a source of wonder and cause of incredulity . The belief in the evil eye during antiquity varied across different regions and periods . The evil eye was not feared with equal intensity in every corner of the Roman Empire . There were places in which people felt more conscious of the danger of the evil eye . In Roman times , not only were individuals considered to possess the power of the evil eye but whole tribes , especially those of Pontus and Scythia , were believed to be transmitters of the evil eye . The phallic charm called fascinum in Latin , from the verb fascinare , `` to cast a spell '' ( the origin of the English word `` fascinate '' ) , was used against the evil eye . The spreading in the belief of the evil eye across the Near East is believed by some to have been propagated by the Empire of Alexander the Great , which spread this and other Greek ideas across his empire . Around the World ( edit ) Tree with nazars in Cappadocia , Turkey . Belief in the evil eye is strongest in West Asia , Latin America , East and West Africa , Central America , Central Asia , and Europe , especially the Mediterranean region ; it has also spread to areas , including northern Europe , particularly in the Celtic regions , and the Americas , where it was brought by European colonists and West Asian immigrants . Belief in the evil eye is found in the Islamic doctrine , based upon the statement of Prophet Muhammad , `` The influence of an evil eye is a fact ... '' ( Sahih Muslim , Book 26 , Number 5427 ) . Authentic practices of warding off the evil eye are also commonly practiced by Muslims : rather than directly expressing appreciation of , for example , a child 's beauty , it is customary to say Masha'Allah , that is , `` God has willed it '' , or invoking God 's blessings upon the object or person that is being admired . A number of beliefs about the evil eye are also found in folk religion , typically revolving around the use of amulets or talismans as a means of protection . In the Aegean Region and other areas where light - colored eyes are relatively rare , people with green eyes , and especially blue eyes , are thought to bestow the curse , intentionally or unintentionally . Thus , in Greece and Turkey amulets against the evil eye take the form of blue eyes , and in the painting by John Phillip , below , we witness the culture - clash experienced by a woman who suspects that the artist 's gaze implies that he is looking at her with the evil eye . Among those who do not take the evil eye literally , either by reason of the culture in which they were raised or because they simply do not believe it , the phrase , `` to give someone the evil eye '' usually means simply to glare at the person in anger or disgust . The term has entered into common usage within the English language . Within the broadcasting industry it refers to when a presenter signals to the interviewee or co-presenter to stop talking due to a shortage of time . Protective talismans and cures ( edit ) The Hamsa , a charm made to ward off the evil eye . Attempts to ward off the curse of the evil eye has resulted in a number of talismans in many cultures . As a class , they are called `` apotropaic '' ( Greek for `` prophylactic '' / προφυλακτικός or `` protective '' , literally : `` turns away '' ) talismans , meaning that they turn away or turn back harm . Disks or balls , consisting of concentric blue and white circles ( usually , from inside to outside , dark blue , light blue , white , and dark blue ) representing an evil eye are common apotropaic talismans in West Asia , found on the prows of Mediterranean boats and elsewhere ; in some forms of the folklore , the staring eyes are supposed to bend the malicious gaze back to the sorcerer . Known as nazar ( Turkish : nazar boncuğu or nazarlık ) , this talisman is most frequently seen in Turkey , found in or on houses and vehicles or worn as beads . Detail of a 19th - century Anatolian kilim , with rows of crosses ( Turkish : Haç ) and scattered S - shaped hooks ( Turkish : Çengel ) , both to ward off the evil eye A blue or green eye can also be found on some forms of the hamsa hand , an apotropaic hand - shaped talisman against the evil eye found in West Asia . The word hamsa , also spelled khamsa and hamesh , means `` five '' referring to the fingers of the hand . In Jewish culture , the hamsa is called the Hand of Miriam ; in some Muslim cultures , the Hand of Fatima . Though condemned as superstition by doctrinaire Muslims , it is almost exclusively among Muslims in the Near East and Mediterranean that the belief in envious looks containing destructive power or the talismanic power of a nazar to defend against them . To adherents of other faiths in the region , the nazar is an attractive decoration . A variety of motifs to ward off the evil eye are commonly woven into tribal kilim rugs . Such motifs include a cross ( Turkish : Haç ) to divide the evil eye into four , a hook ( Turkish : Çengel ) to destroy the evil eye , or a human eye ( Turkish : Göz ) to avert the evil gaze . The shape of a lucky amulet ( Turkish : Muska ; often , a triangular package containing a sacred verse ) is often woven into kilims for the same reason . In islam ( edit ) Evil eye , Isabat al - ' ayn , is a common belief that individuals have the power to look at people , animals or objects to cause them harm . It is tradition among many Muslims that if a compliment is to be made one should say `` Masha'Allah '' ( ما شاء الله  ) ( `` God has willed it . '' ) and also `` TabarakAllah '' ( تبارك الله  ) ( `` Blessings of God '' ) to ward off the evil eye . Reciting Sura Ikhlas , Sura Al - Falaq and Sura Al - Nas from the Qur'an , three times after Fajr and after Maghrib is also used as a means of personal protection against the evil eye . Still in Islam , Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Founder of Muridism in Senegal , wrote a Qassida ( prayers and duah ) called `` As Sindidi '' ( `` The Generous Chief '' ) , on which He praises God with these words against evil eye : `` Be He , who will protect me against the evil of the Jealous , the mischief of the evil whisperer , from the mischief of the envier when he envies . O Allah ! Be my refuge against the evil of the magic , against the evil of the Jinn , and other venomous creatures . O Allah ! '' ( in Arabic transcript ) : Assyrians ( edit ) A Ruby Eye Pendant from an ancient civilization in Mesopotamia was possibly used as amulet to protect against evil eyes . Adilnor Collection . Assyrians are also strong believers in the evil eye . They will usually wear a blue / turquoise bead around a necklace to be protected from the evil eye . Also , they might pinch the buttocks , comparable to Armenians . It is said that people with green or blue eyes are more prone to the evil eye effect . A simple and instant way of protection in European Christian countries is to make the sign of the cross with your hand and point two fingers , the index finger and the middle finger , towards the supposed source of influence or supposed victim as described in the first chapter of Bram Stoker 's novel Dracula published in 1897 : When we started , the crowd round the inn door , which had by this time swelled to a considerable size , all made the sign of the cross and pointed two fingers towards me . With some difficulty , I got a fellow passenger to tell me what they meant . He would not answer at first , but on learning that I was English , he explained that it was a charm or guard against the evil eye . In Judaism ( edit ) The evil eye is mentioned several times in the classic Pirkei Avot ( Ethics of Our Fathers ) . In Chapter II , five disciples of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakai give advice on how to follow the good path in life and avoid the bad . Rabbi Eliezer says an evil eye is worse than a bad friend , a bad neighbor , or an evil heart . Judaism believes that a `` good eye '' designates an attitude of good will and kindness towards others . Someone who has this attitude in life will rejoice when his fellow man prospers ; he will wish everyone well . An `` evil eye '' denotes the opposite attitude . A man with `` an evil eye '' will not only feel no joy but experience actual distress when others prosper , and will rejoice when others suffer . A person of this character represents a great danger to our moral purity . Many Observant Jews avoid talking about valuable items they own , good luck that has come to them and , in particular , their children . If any of these are mentioned , the speaker and / or listener will say `` b'li ayin hara '' ( Hebrew ) , meaning `` without an evil eye '' , or `` kein eina hara '' ( Yiddish ; often shortened to `` kennahara '' ) , `` no evil eye '' . Another way to ward off the evil eye is to spit three times ( or pretend to ) . Romans call this custom `` despuere malum , '' to spit at evil . It has also been suggested the 10th commandment : `` do not covet anything that belongs to your neighbor '' is a law against bestowing the evil eye on another person . Turkey ( edit ) Main article : Nazar ( amulet ) Traditionally shaped nazar ornaments A typical nazar is made of handmade glass featuring concentric circles or teardrop shapes in dark blue , white , light blue and black , occasionally with a yellow / gold edge . As a legacy of the Turkish Ottoman Empire , it is a common sight in Turkey , Romania , Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Greece , Cyprus , Syria , Lebanon , Palestine , Israel , Egypt , Armenia , Iran , Pakistan , Afghanistan , Iraq and Azerbaijan , where the nazar is often hung in homes , offices , cars , children 's clothing , or incorporated in jewellery and ornaments . They are a popular choice of souvenir with tourists . Ethiopia ( edit ) Main article : Buda ( folk religion ) Belief in the evil eye , or buda ( var . bouda ) , is widespread in Ethiopia . Buda is generally believed to be a power held and wielded by those in a different social group , for example among the Beta Israel or metalworkers . Some Ethiopian Christians carry an amulet or talisman , known as a kitab , or will invoke God 's name , to ward off the ill effects of buda . A debtera , who is either an unordained priest or educated layperson , will create these protective amulets or talismans . Pakistan ( edit ) In Pakistan , the evil eye is called Nazar ( نظر ) . People usually may resort to reading the last three chapters of the Quran , namely Sura Ikhlas , Sura Al - Falaq and Sura Al - Nas . `` Masha'Allah '' ( ما شاء الله  ) ( `` God has willed it . '' ) is commonly said to ward off the evil eye . Understanding of evil eye varies by the level of education . Some perceive the use of black color to be useful in protecting from evil eye . Others use `` taawiz '' to ward off evil eye . Truck owners and other public transport vehicles may commonly be seen using a small black cloth on the bumpers to prevent evil eye . Greece ( edit ) The evil eye , known as μάτι ( mati ) , `` eye '' , as an apotropaic visual device , is known to have been a fixture in Greece dating back to at least the 6th century BC , when it commonly appeared on drinking vessels . In Greece , the evil eye is cast away through the process of xematiasma ( ξεμάτιασμα ) , whereby the `` healer '' silently recites a secret prayer passed over from an older relative of the opposite sex , usually a grandparent . Such prayers are revealed only under specific circumstances , according to their customs those who reveal them indiscriminately lose their ability to cast off the evil eye . There are several regional versions of the prayer in question , a common one being : `` Holy Virgin , Our Lady , if ( insert name of the victim ) is suffering of the evil eye , release him / her of it . '' Evil repeated three times . According to custom , if one is indeed afflicted with the evil eye , both victim and `` healer '' then start yawning profusely . The `` healer '' then performs the sign of the cross three times , and emits spitting - like sounds in the air three times . A very similar ritual can be found in neighboring Bulgaria . Another `` test '' used to check if the evil eye was cast is that of the oil : under normal conditions , olive oil floats in water , as it is less dense than water . The test of the oil is performed by placing one drop of olive oil in a glass of water , typically holy water . If the drop floats , the test concludes there is no evil eye involved . If the drop sinks , then it is asserted that the evil eye is cast indeed . Another form of the test is to place two drops of olive oil into a glass of water . If the drops remain separated , the test concludes there is no evil eye , but if they merge , there is . There is also a third form where in a plate full of water the `` healer '' places three or nine drops of oil . If the oil drops become larger and eventually dissolve in the water there is evil eye . If the drops remain separated from water in a form of a small circle there is n't . The first drops are the most important and the number of drops that dissolve in water indicate the strength of the evil eye . There is another form of the `` test '' where the `` healer '' prepares a few cloves by piercing each one with a pin . Then she lights a candle and grabs a pinned clove with a pair of scissors . She then uses it to do the sign of the cross over the afflicted whilst the afflicted is asked to think of a person who may have given him the evil eye . Then the healer holds the clove over the flame . If the clove burns silently , there is no evil eye present ; however , if the clove explodes or burns noisily , that means the person in the thoughts of the afflicted is the one who has cast the evil eye . As the clove explodes , the evil eye is released from the afflicted . Cloves that burn with some noise are considered to be λόγια - words - someone foul - mouthing you that you ought to be wary of . The burned cloves are extinguished into a glass of water and are later buried in the garden along with the pins as they are considered to be contaminated . Greek people will also ward off the evil eye by saying φτου να μη σε ματιάξω ! which translates to `` I spit so that I wo n't give you the evil eye . '' Contrary to popular belief , the evil eye is not necessarily given by someone wishing you ill , but it stems from admiration . Since it is technically possible to give yourself the evil eye , it is advised to be humble . The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye , but attributed it to the Devil and envy . In Greek theology , the evil eye or vaskania ( βασκανία ) is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer . The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the Megan Hieron Synekdemon ( Μέγαν Ιερόν Συνέκδημον ) book of prayers . Italy ( edit ) Various evil eye amulets from Italy such as the cornicello , cimaruta , and lunula ( 1895 ) . The cornicello , `` little horn '' , also called the cornetto ( `` little horn '' , plural cornetti ) , is a long , gently twisted horn - shaped amulet . Cornicelli are usually carved out of red coral or made from gold or silver . The type of horn they are intended to copy is not a curled - over sheep horn or goat horn but rather like the twisted horn of an African eland or a chili pepper . One idea that the ribald suggestions made by sexual symbols distract the witch from the mental effort needed to successfully bestow the curse . Another is that since the effect of the eye was to dry up liquids , the drying of the phallus ( resulting in male impotence ) would be averted by seeking refuge in the moist female genitals . Among the ancient Romans and their cultural descendants in the Mediterranean nations , those who were not fortified with phallic charms had to make use of sexual gestures to avoid the eye . Such gestures include the mano cornuta gesture and the fig sign ; a fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers , representing the phallus within the vagina . In addition to the phallic talismans , statues of hands in these gestures , or covered with magical symbols , were carried by the Romans as talismans . In Latin America , carvings of the fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers continue to be carried as good luck charms . Two handsigns ( fig sign and horned sign ) used in Italy against the evil eye ( 1914 ) . The wielder of the evil eye , the jettatore , is described as having a striking facial appearance , high arching brows with a stark stare that leaps from his black eyes . He often has a reputation for clandestine involvement with dark powers and is the object of gossip about dealings in magic and other forbidden practices . Successful men having tremendous personal magnetism quickly gain notoriety as jettatori . Pope Pius IX was dreaded for his evil eye , and a whole cycle of stories about the disasters that happened in his wake were current in Rome during the latter decades of the 19th century . Public figures of every type , from poets to gangsters , have had their specialized abilities attributed to the power of their eyes . Spain and Latin America ( edit ) The evil eye or ' Mal de Ojo ' has been deeply embedded in Spanish popular culture throughout its history and Spain is the origin of this superstition in Latin America . In Mexico and Central America , infants are considered at special risk for the evil eye ( see mal de ojo , above ) and are often given an amulet bracelet as protection , typically with an eye - like spot painted on the amulet . Another preventive measure is allowing admirers to touch the infant or child ; in a similar manner , a person wearing an item of clothing that might induce envy may suggest to others that they touch it or some other way dispel envy . One traditional cure in rural Mexico involves a curandero ( folk healer ) sweeping a raw chicken egg over the body of a victim to absorb the power of the person with the evil eye . The egg is later broken into a glass with water and placed under the bed of the patient near the head . Sometimes it is checked immediately because the egg appears as if it has been cooked . When this happens it means that the patient did have Mal De Ojo . Somehow the Mal De Ojo has transferred to the egg and the patient immediately gets well . ( Fever , pain and diarrhea , nausea / vomiting goes away instantly ) In the traditional Hispanic culture of the Southwestern United States and some parts of Mexico , the egg may be passed over the patient in a cross-shaped pattern all over the body , while reciting The Lord 's Prayer . The egg is also placed in a glass with water , under the bed and near the head , sometimes it is examined right away or in the morning and if the egg looks like it has been cooked then it means that they did have Mal de Ojo and the patient will start feeling better . Sometimes if the patient starts getting ill and someone knows that they had stared at patient , usually a child , if the person who stared goes to the child and touches them , the child 's illness goes away immediately so the Mal De Ojo energy is released . In some parts of South America the act of ojear , which could be translated as to give someone the evil eye , is an involuntary act . Someone may ojear babies , animals and inanimate objects just by staring and admiring them . This may produce illness , discomfort or possibly death on babies or animals and failures on inanimate objects like cars or houses . It 's a common belief that since this is an involuntary act made by people with the heavy look , the proper way of protection is by attaching a red ribbon to the animal , baby or object , in order to attract the gaze to the ribbon rather than to the object intended to be protected . Brazil ( edit ) Brazilians generally will associate mal - olhado , mau - olhado ( `` act of giving a bad look '' ) or olho gordo ( `` fat eye '' i.e. `` gluttonous eye '' ) with envy or jealousy on domestic and garden plants ( that , after months or years of health and beauty , will suddenly weaken , wither and die , with no apparent signs of pest , after the visitation of a certain friend or relative ) , attractive hair and less often economic or romantic success and family harmony . Unlike in most cultures mal - olhado is not seen to be something that risks young babies . `` Pagans '' or non-baptized children are instead assumed to be at risk from bruxas ( witches ) , that have malignant intention themselves rather than just mal - olhado . It probably reflects the Galician folktales about the meigas or Portuguese magas , ( witches ) , as Colonial Brazil was primarily settled by Portuguese people , in numbers greater than all Europeans to settle pre-independence United States . Those bruxas are interpreted to have taken the form of moths , often very dark , that disturb children at night and take away their energy . For that reason , Christian Brazilians often have amulets in the form of crucifixes around , beside or inside beds where children sleep . Nevertheless , older children , especially boys , that fulfill the cultural ideals of behaving extremely well ( for example , having no problems whatsoever in eating well a great variety of foods , being obedient and respectful toward adults , kind , polite , studious , and demonstrating no bad blood with other children or their siblings ) who unexpectedly turn into problematic adolescents or adults ( for example lacking good health habits , extreme laziness or lacking motivation towards their life goals , having eating disorders , or being prone to delinquency ) , are said to have been victims of mal - olhado coming from parents of children whose behavior was not as admirable . Amulets that protect against mal - olhado tend to be generally resistant , mildly to strongly toxic and dark plants in specific and strategic places of a garden or the entry to a house . Those include comigo - ninguém - pode ( `` against - me - nobody - cans '' ) , Dieffenbachia ( the dumbcane ) , espada - de-são - jorge ( `` St. George 's sword '' ) , Sansevieria trifasciata ( the snake plant or mother - in - law 's tongue ) and guiné ( `` Guinea '' ) , among various other names , Petiveria alliacea ( the guinea henweed ) . For those lacking in space or wanting to `` sanitize '' specific places , they may all be planted together in a single sete ervas ( `` seven ( lucky ) herbs '' ) pot , that will also include arruda ( common rue ) , pimenteira ( Capsicum annuum ) , manjericão ( basil ) and alecrim ( rosemary ) . ( Though the last four ones should not be used for their common culinary purposes by humans . ) Other popular amulets against evil eye include : the use of mirrors , on the outside of your home 's front door , or also inside your home facing your front door ; an elephant figurine with its back to the front door ; and coarse salt , placed in specific places at home . Mexico ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Mal ojo often occurs without the dimension of envy , but insofar as envy is a part of ono , it is a variant of this underlying sense of insecurity and relative vulnerability to powerful , hostile forces in the environment . In her study of medical attitudes in the Santa Clara Valley of California , Margaret Clark arrives at essentially the same conclusion : `` Among the Spanish - speaking folk of Sal si Puedes , the patient is regarded as a passive and innocent victim of malevolent forces in his environment . These forces may be witches , evil spirits , the consequences of poverty , or virulent bacteria that invade his body . The scapegoat may be a visiting social worker who unwittingly ' cast the evil eye ' ... Mexican folk concepts of disease are based in part on the notion that people can be victimized by the careless or malicious behavior of others '' . Another aspect of the mal ojo syndrome in Ixtepeji is a disturbance of the hot - cold equilibrium in the victim . According to folk belief , the bad effects of an attack result from the `` hot '' force of the aggressor entering the child 's body and throwing it out of balance . Currier has shown how the Mexican hot - cold system is an unconscious folk model of social relations upon which social anxieties are projected . According to Currier , `` the nature of Mexican peasant society is such that each individual must continuously attempt to achieve a balance between two opposing social forces : the tendency toward intimacy and that toward withdrawal . ( It is therefore proposed ) that the individual 's continuous preoccupation with achieving a balance between ' heat ' and ' cold ' is a way of reenacting , in symbolic terms , a fundamental activity in social relations . '' India ( edit ) Main article : Nazar Battu In North India , the evil eye is called `` Drishti '' ( meaning gaze or vision ) or more commonly as Buri Nazar . A charm bracelet , tattoo or other object ( Nazar battu ) , or a slogan ( Chashme Baddoor ( slogan ) ) , may be used to ward - off the evil eye . Some truck owners write the slogan to ward off the evil eye : `` buri nazar wale tera muh kala '' ( `` O evil - eyed one , may your face turn black '' ) . In general in India , if gone through time up to historical myths , babies and newborn infants will have their eye adorned with kajal , or eyeliner . This would be black , as it is believed in India that black wards off the evil eye or any evil auras . In South India ( Andhra Pradesh ) , people call it as ' Disti ' or ' Drusti ' . To remove Disti people follow several methods based on their culture / area . Items used to remove Disti either Rock salt or Red chilies or Oiled cloth . Taking one of this item , people remove Disti by rotating their hand with one of the item above around the person who affected by Disti and they will burn the item . United States ( edit ) In 1946 , the American magician Henri Gamache published a text called Terrors of the Evil Eye Exposed ! ( later reprinted as Protection against Evil ) , which offers directions to defend oneself against the evil eye . Media and press coverage ( edit ) In some cultures over-complimenting is said to cast a curse . So does envy . Since ancient times such maledictions have been collectively called the evil eye . According to the book The Evil Eye by folklorist Alan Dundes , the belief 's premise is that an individual can cause harm simply by looking at another 's person or property . However , protection is easy to come by with talismans that can be worn , carried , or hung in homes , most often incorporating the contours of a human eye . In Aegean countries , people with light - colored eyes are thought to be particularly powerful , and amulets in Greece and Turkey are usually blue orbs . Indians , Muslims , and Jews use charms with palm - forward hands with an eye in the center ; Italians employ horns , phallic shapes meant to distract spell casters . Names in various languages ( edit ) In most languages , the name translates literally into English as `` bad eye '' , `` evil eye '' , `` evil look '' , or just `` the eye '' . Some variants on this general pattern from around the world are : In Albanian it is known as `` syri i keq '' ( Standart and Tosk ) , or as `` syni keq '' ( Gheg ) meaning `` bad eye '' . Also `` mësysh '' is used commonly , meaning `` cast an evil eye '' . In Arabic , ʿayn al - ḥasūd , عين الحسود  , `` the eye of envy '' . ʿAyn ḥārrah ( عين حارّة ) is also used , literally translating to `` hot eye '' . In Armenian , char atchk ( չար աչքն ) `` evil eye '' or `` bad eye '' . Regarding the act of giving an evil gaze , it is said ( directly translated ) , `` to give with the eye '' or in Armenian , `` atchkov tal '' . In Azerbaijani , `` Göz dəyməsi '' -- translating as being struck by an eye In Chinese it is called 邪惡 之 眼 ( Hant ) / 邪恶 之 眼 ( Hans ) ( xié è zhī yǎn , literally `` evil eye '' ) In Dutch it is called `` het boze oog '' , literally `` the malicious eye '' or `` the angry eye '' In Galician , it is called `` meigallo '' , from meiga , `` witch '' ( and maybe - allo , diminutive or aumentative suffix ; or contracted with either ollo , `` eye '' ; or allo , `` garlic '' ) . In German , it is called `` böser Blick '' , literally `` evil gaze '' . In Greek , to matiasma ( μάτιασμα ) or mati ( μάτι ) someone refers to the act of casting the evil eye ( mati being the Greek word for eye ) ; also : vaskania ( βασκανία , the Greek word for jinx ) In Hebrew , ʿáyin hā - ráʿ ( עַיִן הָרַע  , `` eye of evil '' ) In Hindustani and other languages of South Asia , ( Hindi : nazar ( नज़र ) ; nazar lagna ( नज़र लगना ) ) means to be afflicted by the evil eye . ( However , it generally has no evil connotations because a doting mother 's eye can supposedly also cause harm . ) In Urdu , another variant of Hindustani , nazar '' ( نظر ) `` Chashm - é bad '' ( چشمِ بد ) ; nazar lagna means to be afflicted by the evil eye . In Hungarian , gonosz szem means `` evil eye '' , but more widespread is the expression szemmelverés ( lit . `` beating with eye '' ) , which refers to the supposed / alleged act of harming one by an evil look In Irish , the term drochshúil is used for the ' evil eye ' , being a compound of ' droch ' ( bad , poor , evil , ill ) and ' súil ( eye ) . This can also be used to refer to someone with weak eyesight . In Italian , the word malocchio refers to the evil eye . In Japanese it is known as `` 邪 視 '' ( `` jashi '' ) . In Kannada , it is called `` drishti '' . ( But cf . `` Drishti ( yoga ) '' . ) In Ke / Tz Luo , it is called `` Sihoho / Juog wang ' '' . In Macedonian it is known as урокливо око . In Malayalam it is known as kannu veykkuka -- to cast an evil eye while `` kannu peduka '' means to be on the receiving end of the malefic influence . `` kannu dosham '' refers to a bad effect caused by an evil eye . In Neapolitan it is known as `` ' o mma'uocchje '' which translates literally into `` the evil / bad / maleficent eye '' , which afflicts people , especially women and children who are supposedly the most vulnerable , with multiple issues and problems , stemming from pre-natal issues , miscarriages , early childhood death or sickness or death of a mother during birth , as well as afflicting women with infertility , sexual problems , early widowhood , etc. , while afflicted men suffer from cancer , laziness , greed , gluttony , and other diseases , disabilities and ailments . In Persian it is known as `` چشم زخم ''  ( injurious look / eyes causing injury ) or `` چشم شور ''  ( omen eye ) `` Cheshmeh Hasood '' , meaning Jealous eye , or `` Cheshme Nazar '' meaning evil eye . In Polish it is known as `` złe oko '' or `` złe spojrzenie '' . In Pashto it is known as `` بدو سترګو وهل '' ( bado stargo wahal ) and also `` نظر وهل '' ( Nazar wahal ) In Portuguese , it is called `` mau olhado '' , ou `` olho gordo '' ( literally `` fat eye '' ) . The first expression is used in Portugal and second one is more common in Brazil . In Romanian , it is known as `` deochi '' , meaning literally `` un-eye '' . In Russian , `` дурной глаз '' ( durnoy glaz ) means `` bad / evil eye '' ; `` сглаз '' ( sglaz ) literally means `` from eye '' . In Sanskrit , an ancient Indo - Aryan language , it is called `` drishti dosha '' ( दृष्टि दोष ) meaning malice caused by evil eye . ( But cf . `` drishti ( yoga ) '' . ) In Serbo - Croatian ( Serbian , Croatian , Bosnian and Montenegrin ) , it is called Urokljivo oko ( Cyr . Урокљиво око ) . First word is adjective of the word urok / урок , which means spell or curse , and the second one means eye . In Somali , it is called `` il '' , or `` Ilaaco '' or `` Qumayo '' ( first word literally meaning `` eye '' and the other two words meaning envy eye ) In Spanish , mal de ojo literally means `` evil from the eye '' as the name does not refer to the actual eye but to the evil that supposedly comes from it . Casting the evil eye is then echar mal de ojo , i.e. `` to cast evil from the eye '' . In Tamil , `` கண் படுதல் '' ( kan padudhal ) literally means `` casting an eye '' ( with an intention to cause harm ) . `` கண்ணூறு '' ( kannooru ) `` harm from the eye '' In Turkish kem göz means evil eye and the cure is having a `` nazar boncuğu '' , the nazar amulet . See also ( edit ) John Phillip , The Evil Eye ( 1859 ) , a self - portrait depicting the artist sketching a Spanish gypsy who thinks she is being given the evil eye . Amulet Balor of the Evil Eye -- a character in Irish legend Basilisk -- Death glance / petrifying glance Cockatrice -- Death glance / petrifying glance Cornicello -- Italian amulet used to ward off the evil eye Envy Eye bead Eye of Horus -- an Ancient Egyptian symbol of protection and power against evil . Eye of Providence -- a symbol showing an eye surrounded by rays of light or a glory , and usually enclosed by a triangle . Eye of Sauron -- a fictional eye from The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien Hamsa Harmal Lashon hara -- Jewish concept of the `` evil tongue '' Matthew 6 : 23 `` If thine eye be evil '' -- The evil eye as ungenerosity of spirit , hence darkness / blindness / evil itself . ( A saying of Jesus . ) Medusa and Gorgon -- Petrification glance ( Stone glance ) , picture also used on as protection from evil eye . Mirror armour , which is believed as protection not from only cold steel and arrows , but also from evil eye Nazar Chasme Battu -- from North India and Pakistan Red string ( Kabbalah ) Scopophobia Sign of the horns -- horned hand gesture used for warding off the Evil Eye and other purposes Thousand mile stare -- a relatively common phenomenon that may be mistaken for the evil eye . Usog -- a Filipino version . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Ross , C ( 2010 ) . `` Hypothesis : The Electrophysicological Basis of the Evil Eye Belief '' . Anthropology of Consciousness. 21 : 47 . doi : 10.1111 / j. 1556 - 3537.2010. 01020. x . Jump up ^ `` Definition for `` evil eye '' from Merriam Webster Dictionary `` . Merriam-webster.com. 2012 - 08 - 31 . Jump up ^ `` evil eye ( occult ) '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Jump up ^ Ulmer , Rivka ( 1994 ) . KTAV Publishing House , Inc. , ed . The evil eye in the Bible and in rabbinic literature . p. 176 . ISBN 0 - 88125 - 463 - 0 . Jump up ^ `` USC - MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts '' . Usc.edu . Jump up ^ `` Du'a -- What to say when in fear of afflicting something or someone with one ? s eye '' . Makedua.com . Jump up ^ Cora Lynn Daniels , et al. , eds , Encyclopædia of Superstitions , Folklore , and the Occult Sciences of the World ( Volume III ) , p. 1273 , Univ . Press of the Pacific , Honolulu , ISBN 1 - 4102 - 0916 - 4 Jump up ^ `` He may sound like a Dalek doing a bad impression of Kenneth Williams , but why DO so many BBC stars want to exterminate Pesto ? '' . Daily Mail . 18 November 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Erbek , Güran ( 1998 ) . Kilim Catalogue No. 1 . May Selçuk A.S. Edition = 1st . Jump up ^ Definition of the evil eye , and ways of protecting oneself against it and treating it , Islam Questions and Answers Jump up ^ Sindidi . Daaraykamil.com Jump up ^ Sindidi . Al-himma.com Jump up ^ Dracula , Bram Stoker 's novel 1897 edition online . p. ? Jump up ^ `` Evil Eye in Judaism '' . My Jewish Learning . Jump up ^ Chapters of the Fathers , Translation & Commentary by Samson Raphael Hirsch , Feldheim Publishers , ISBN 0 - 87306 - 182 - 9 pg. 32 Jump up ^ Joyce Eisenberg and Ellen Scolnic . `` The Whole Spiel : Funny essays about digital nudniks , seder selfies and chicken soup memories , '' Incompra Press , ISBN 978 - 0 - 692 - 72625 - 9 pg. 153 ^ Jump up to : Lonely Planet Middle East. Lonely Planet ; 6 edition , 2009 , p. 559 . Jump up ^ Stoltz , Dustin ( May 26 , 2012 ) . `` The Evil Eye and Mountain Karma in Azerbaijan '' . www.dustinstoltz.com . Jump up ^ Turner , John W. `` Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity : Faith and practices '' . A Country Study : Ethiopia . Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry , eds . Washington : Library of Congress Federal Research Division , 1991 . Jump up ^ Kemp , Charles . `` Ethiopians & Eritreans . '' Refugee Health -- Immigrant Health . Waco , TX : Baylor University . Jump up ^ Finneran , Niall . `` Ethiopian Evil Eye Belief and the Magical Symbolism of Iron Working . '' Folklore , Vol. 114 , 2003 . Jump up ^ Geleta , Amsalu Tadesse . `` Case Study : Demonization and the Practice of Exorcism in Ethiopian Churches Archived 2010 - 01 - 01 at the Wayback Machine . '' . Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization , Nairobi , August 2000 . Jump up ^ Ghilzai , S.A. , and Kanwal , A. ( 2016 ) Semiotic Analysis of Evil Eye Beliefs among Pakistani Cultures and their Predetermined Behaviour . Research Issues in social sciences , 47 - 67 . Jump up ^ Merriam - Webster . Merriam - Webster 's Encyclopedia of World Religions. 2000 , p. 69 . ISBN 0877790442 . Jump up ^ Lucky Mojo . `` The Corno ( Italian Horn Amulet ) '' . Retrieved 9 February 2015 . Jump up ^ Maloney , Clarence . The Evil Eye . New York : Columbia UP , 1976 . p. 29 . ISBN 0 - 231 - 04006 - 7 . Jump up ^ `` Medical Anthropology : Explanations of Illness '' . Archived from the original on 2012 - 08 - 17 . Jump up ^ Flórez , Franz . `` El Mal de Ojo de la Etnografía Clásica y La Limpia Posmoderna '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2011 - 07 - 27 . Jump up ^ Guizetti , Franco . `` Conheça o poder ea proteção das sete ervas '' ( in Portuguese ) . Retrieved Jan 19 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Caires , Olivia . `` Proteja sua casa do mau olhado '' ( in Portuguese ) . Retrieved February 22 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Maloney , Clarence . The Evil Eye . New York : Columbia UP , 1976 . p. 184 . ISBN 0 - 231 - 04006 - 7 . Jump up ^ Amariglio , Jack ; Cullenberg , Stephen E ; Ruccio , David F ( 2013 ) . Post-Modernism , Economics and Knowledge . Routledge . pp. 217 -- . ISBN 978 - 1 - 134 - 83668 - 0 . Jump up ^ Gamache , Henri ( 1946 ) Terrors of the Evil Eye Exposed Raymond Publishing , New York , OCLC 9989883 ; reprinted in 1969 as Protection Against Evil Dorene , Dallas , Texas , OCLC 39132235 Jump up ^ Dundes , Alan ( ed . ) ( 1992 ) The Evil Eye : A Casebook University of Wisconsin Press , Madison , Wisconsin , ISBN 0 - 299 - 13334 - 6 ; originally published in 1981 by Garland Publishing , New York Jump up ^ Rizzo , Johnna ( April 2013 ) National Geographic Magazine Jump up ^ Vaskania ( Βασκανία ) in Εγκυκλοπαιδικό Λεξικό Ελευθερουδάκη , ( Encyclopedic Lexicon Eleftheroudakis ) ed. 1928 Jump up ^ loghatnaameh.com . `` Dictionary of Dehkhoda -- لغت‌نامه دهخدا '' . Loghatnaameh.com . Archived from the original on 2011 - 07 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Hakim Bey : Urokljivo oko ( evil eye ) '' . Kontrapunkt . February 7 , 2006 . Retrieved 3 January 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Real Academia Española de la Lengua . Diccionario Usual '' ( in Spanish ) . Buscon.rae.es . Further reading ( edit ) Borthwick , E. Kerr ( 2001 ) `` Socrates , Socratics , and the Word ΒΛΕΠΕΔΑΙΜΩΝ '' The Classical Quarterly New Series , 51 ( 1 ) : pp. 297 -- 301 Dickie , Mathew W. ( January 1991 ) `` Heliodorus and Plutarch on the Evil Eye '' Classical Philology 86 ( 1 ) : pp. 17 -- 29 Elliott , John H. ( 2015 ) Beware the Evil Eye : The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World : Volume 1 : Introduction , Mesopotamia , and Egypt . Eugene , OR : Cascade . Elliott , John H. ( 2016 ) Beware the Evil Eye : The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World : Volume 2 : Greece and Rome . Eugene , OR : Cascade . Elworthy , Frederick Thomas ( 1895 ) The Evil Eye . An Account of this Ancient & Widespread Superstition John Murray , London , OCLC 2079005 ; reprinted in 2004 as : The Evil Eye : The Classic Account of an Ancient Superstition Dover Publications , Mineola , New York , ISBN 0 - 486 - 43437 - 0 ( online text ) Gifford , Edward S. ( 1958 ) The Evil Eye : Studies in the Folklore of Vision Macmillan , New York , OCLC 527256 Jones , Louis C. ( 1951 ) `` The Evil Eye among European - Americans '' Western Folklore 10 ( 1 ) : pp. 11 -- 25 Limberis , Vasiliki ( April 1991 ) `` The Eyes Infected by Evil : Basil of Caesarea 's Homily '' The Harvard Theological Review 84 ( 2 ) : pp. 163 -- 184 Lykiardopoulos , Amica ( 1981 ) `` The Evil Eye : Towards an Exhaustive Study '' Folklore 92 ( 2 ) : pp. 221 -- 230 Meerloo , Joost Abraham Maurits ( 1971 ) Intuition and the Evil Eye : The Natural History of a Superstition Servire , Wassenaar , Netherlands , OCLC 415660 Slone , Kathleen Warner and Dickie , M.W. ( 1993 ) `` A Knidian Phallic Vase from Corinth '' Hesperia 62 ( 4 ) : pp. 483 -- 505 Mal de ojo External links ( edit ) This article 's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia 's policies or guidelines . Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links , and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references . ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Look up evil eye in Wiktionary , the free dictionary . Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Evil Eye . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Evil eye . The Evil Eye Protection in History The Evil Eye Meaning A Discourse on the Worship of Priapus by Richard Payne Knight ( 1786 ) , mentions phallic charms against the Evil Eye in ancient Rome . 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Question: how do you say evil eye in greek


Pulmonary artery - wikipedia Pulmonary artery Jump to : navigation , search Pulmonary artery Details Precursor truncus arteriosus System Cardiovascular , Respiratory Source right ventricle Identifiers Latin arteria pulmonalis MeSH A07. 231.114. 715 Dorlands / Elsevier t_20 / 12826098 FMA 45842 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs . The largest pulmonary artery is the main pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk from the heart , and the smallest ones are the arterioles which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli . Contents ( hide ) 1 Pulmonary arterial tree 2 Development 3 Function 4 Clinical significance 5 Additional images 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Pulmonary arterial tree ( edit ) Volume rendering of a high resolution CT scan of the thorax . The anterior thoracic wall , the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the root of the lung have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation . In order of blood flow , the pulmonary arteries start as the pulmonary trunk or main pulmonary artery . The main pulmonary artery begins at the base of the right ventricle . It is short and wide -- approximately 5 centimetres ( 2.0 in ) in length and 3 centimetres ( 1.2 in ) in diameter . The main pulmonary artery splits into the right and the left main pulmonary artery . The left main pulmonary artery is shorter and somewhat smaller than the right , passes horizontally in front of the descending aorta and left bronchus to the root of the left lung . Above , the left main pulmonary artery is connected to the concavity of the proximal descending aorta by the ligamentum arteriosum . It then divides into two lobar arteries , one for each lobe of the left lung . The right main pulmonary artery follows a longer and more horizontal course as it crosses the mediastinum . It passes underneath the aortic arch , behind the ascending aorta , and in front of the descending aorta . It courses posterior to the superior vena cava and in front of the right bronchus . Upon reaching the hilum of the right lung the right main pulmonary artery divides into two branches : truncus anterior -- supplies blood to the right upper lobe . interlobar artery -- inferior and larger branch , supplies blood to the middle and inferior lobes of the lung . At the far end , pulmonary arteries ( labeled at bottom ) become capillaries at the pulmonary alveoli . The right and left main pulmonary arteries give off branches that roughly correspond to the lung lobes , and can in such cases be termed lobar arteries . The lobar arteries branch into segmental arteries ( roughly 1 for each lobe segment ) , which in turn branch into subsegmental pulmonary arteries . These eventually form intralobular arteries . Development ( edit ) The pulmonary arteries originate from the truncus arteriosus and the sixth pharyngeal arch . The truncus arteriosis is a structure that forms during the development of the heart as a successor to the conus arteriosus . By the third week of development , the endocardial tubes have developed a swelling in the part closest to the heart . The swelling is known as the bulbus cordis and the upper part of this swelling develops into the truncus arteriosus The structure is ultimately mesodermal in origin . During development of the heart , the heart tissues undergo folding , and the truncus arteriosus is exposed to what will eventually be both the left and right ventricles . As a septum develops between the two ventricles of the heart , two bulges form on either side of the truncus arteriosus . These progressively enlarge until the trunk splits into the aorta and pulmonary arteries . During early development , the ductus arteriosis connects the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch , allowing blood to bypass the lungs . Function ( edit ) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs . The blood here passes through capillaries adjacent to alveoli and becomes oxygenated as part of the process of respiration . In contrast to the pulmonary arteries , the bronchial arteries supply nutrition to the lungs themselves . The pulmonary artery pressure ( PA pressure ) is a measure of the blood pressure found in the main pulmonary artery . This is measured by inserting a catheter into the main pulmonary artery . The mean pressure is typically 9 - 18 mmHg , and the wedge pressure measured in the left atrium may be 6 - 12mmHg . The wedge pressure may be elevated in left heart failure , mitral valve stenosis , and other conditions , such as sickle cell disease . Clinical significance ( edit ) The pulmonary artery is relevant in a number of clinical states . Pulmonary hypertension is used to describe an increase in the pressure of the pulmonary artery , and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25mmHg . As can be measured on a CT scan , a diameter of more than 29 mm diameter is often used as a cut - off to indicate pulmonary hypertension . This may occur as a result of heart problems such as heart failure , lung or airway disease such as COPD or scleroderma , or thromboembolic disease such as pulmonary embolism or emboli seen in sickle cell anaemia . Pulmonary embolism refers to an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation . This may arise from a deep venous thrombosis , especially after a period of immobility . A pulmonary embolus is a common cause of death in patients with cancer and stroke . A large pulmonary embolus which becomes lodged in the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk with extensions into both the left and right main pulmonary arteries is called a saddle embolus . Additional images ( edit ) Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and trachea , and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta , while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the descending aorta . Pulmonary circuit Transverse section of thorax , showing relations of pulmonary artery . Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery. Deep dissection. Anterior view . CT scan of a normal lung , with different levels of pulmonary arteries . Bronchial anatomy See also ( edit ) Pulmonary artery sling Rasmussen 's aneurysm References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Pulmonary Vasculature '' . University of Virginia School of Medicine . 2013 . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 24 . Jump up ^ D. Cheitlin , Melvin ; C. Ursell , Philip ( 2011 ) . `` Cardiac Anatomy '' . In Chatterjee , Kanu . Cardiology : An Illustrated Textbook . JP Medical Ltd. p. 6 . ISBN 9789350252758 . Jump up ^ `` Pulmonary Artery Anatomy '' . University of Virginia School of Medicine . 2013 . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 24 . Jump up ^ Takahashi M , Fukuoka J , Nitta N , Takazakura R , Nagatani Y , Murakami Y , Otani H , Murata K ( 2008 ) . `` Imaging of pulmonary emphysema : a pictorial review '' . Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 3 ( 2 ) : 193 -- 204 . PMC 2629965 . PMID 18686729 . ^ Jump up to : Larsen 2009 , p. 157 . Jump up ^ Larsen 2009 , pp. 159 - 160 . Jump up ^ Larsen 2009 , pp. 176 - 179 . Jump up ^ Braunwald , Eugene . Heart Disease : A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine ( Fourth ed . ) . p. 791 . Jump up ^ Braunwald , Eugene . Heart Disease : A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine ( 4th ed . ) . p. 790 . ^ Jump up to : edited by Nicki R. Colledge , Brian R. Walker , Stuart H. Ralston ; illustrated by Robert Britton ( 2010 ) . Davidson 's principles and practice of medicine . ( 21st ed . ) . Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7020 - 3084 - 0 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Edwards Lifesciences LLC > Normal Hemodynamic Parameters -- Adult 2009 Jump up ^ Pashankar FD , Carbonella J , Bazzy - Asaad A , Friedman A ( April 2008 ) . `` Prevalence and risk factors of elevated pulmonary artery pressures in children with sickle cell disease '' . Pediatrics. 121 ( 4 ) : 777 -- 82 . PMID 18381543 . doi : 10.1542 / peds. 2007 - 0730 . Jump up ^ Prof Frank Gaillard ; et al. `` Pulmonary hypertension '' . Radiopaedia . Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 27 . CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Jump up ^ Jeremy Jones ; et al. `` Saddle pulmonary embolism '' . Radiopaedia . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 08 . CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Schoenwolf ... ( et al . ) , Gary C. ( 2009 ) . Larsen 's human embryology ( 4th ed. , Thoroughly rev. and updated . ed . ) . Philadelphia : Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier . pp. `` Development of the Urogenital system '' . ISBN 9780443068119 . External links ( edit ) Anatomy photo : 20 : 01 - 0106 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center -- `` Heart : The Pericardial sac and Great vessels '' Anatomy photo : 20 : 07 - 0105 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center -- `` Heart : Openings of Great Vessels into the Pericardial Sac '' Anatomy figure : 19 : 05 - 06 at Human Anatomy Online , SUNY Downstate Medical Center -- `` Mediastinal surface of the right lung '' Anatomy figure : 19 : 06 - 02 at Human Anatomy Online , SUNY Downstate Medical Center -- `` Mediastinal surface of the left lung '' Histology image : 13802loa -- Histology Learning System at Boston University Arteries and veins Vessels Arteries Nutrient artery Arteriole Metarteriole Capillaries Types Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal Precapillary sphincter Precapillary resistance Veins Vena comitans Superficial vein Deep vein Emissary veins Venous plexus Venule Lymph Lymphatic vessel Lymph Lymph capillary Circulatory system Systemic Left heart → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → ( Right heart ) Pulmonary Right heart → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left heart Microanatomy Tunica intima Endothelium Internal elastic lamina Tunica media Tunica externa Vasa vasorum Vasa nervorum Vascular nerves Rete mirabile Circulatory anastomosis Arteries of the torso and chest Lungs Pulmonary artery Right Left ( Ligamentum arteriosum ) Heart Coronary circulation Right coronary : SA nodal AV nodal Atrial Right marginal Posterior interventricular Left coronary : Anterior interventricular Left circumflex ( Left marginal ) Aorta Sections Ascending aorta Aortic arch Descending aorta Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta Aortic body Aortic arch Brachiocephalic Thyreoidea ima Right subclavian Right common carotid Left common carotid External carotid Internal carotid Carotid body Carotid sinus Carotid bifurcation Left subclavian Internal thoracic : Anterior intercostal Thymic Pericardiacophrenic Perforating branches terminal ( Musculophrenic , superior epigastric ) Costocervical trunk : Highest intercostal ( Posterior intercostal 1 -- 2 ) Deep cervical Descending aorta visceral : Bronchial Esophageal Mediastinal parietal : Posterior intercostal 3 -- 11 Subcostal Superior phrenic Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&oldid=804363866 '' Categories : Arteries of the thorax Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al . Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage Medicine infobox template using Dorlands parameter All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego Hrvatski Italiano עברית Kurdî Latina Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 8 October 2017 , at 14 : 28 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: where does the pulmonary trunk receive blood from


Youth Day - wikipedia Youth Day Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Youth Day in Donetsk , Ukraine Youth Day is a holiday dedicated to the youths of a country . It is observed by 18 countries , on many different dates throughout the year . The United Nations agreed on the date of 12 August in 1999 . Contents ( hide ) 1 International Youth Day 2 Country wide list 3 Angola 4 Cameroon 5 Greater China 5.1 Mainland China 5.2 Taiwan 6 India 7 Iran 8 Kiribati 9 Morocco 10 Pakistan 11 Paraguay 12 Singapore 13 South Africa 14 Thailand 15 Turkey 16 Tunisia 17 Ukraine 18 Venezuela 19 Yugoslavia 20 Zambia 21 See also 22 References 23 External links International Youth Day ( edit ) International Youth Day is an international observance on August 12 officially recognized by the United Nations. The UN General Assembly agreed on this date in 1999 . Country wide list ( edit ) Here is a list of all of the countries that observe this holiday and when they do . No Country Date In memory of Albania December 8 Dita Kombëtare e Rinisë for fall of communism Angola April 14 Hoji - ya - Henda Azerbaijan February 2 Cameroon February 11 5 China May 4 May Fourth Movement in 1919 6 Taiwan March 29 ( 1 ) 7 India January 12 Swami Vivekananda 's Birthday 8 Kiribati First Monday in August 9 Morocco August 21 10 Pakistan March 11 11 Paraguay September 21 Start of spring 12 South Africa June 16 Soweto Student Uprising 13 Thailand September 20 Chulalongkorn and Ananda Mahidol 14 Turkey May 19 Kemal Atatürk 15 Tunisia March 21 16 Venezuela February 12 Battle of La Victoria 17 Ukraine June 24 18 Yugoslavia May 25 Josip Broz Tito 19 Zambia March 12 20 World Youth Day Angola ( edit ) On April 14 , Angola observes Youth Day in memory of Hoji - ya - Henda , who was killed on that day during the Portuguese Colonial War. ( 2 ) Archived 22 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine . ( 3 ) ( 4 ) Cameroon ( edit ) National Youth Day is a national holiday in Cameroon on February 11 . Nation Greater China ( edit ) Mainland China ( edit ) Youth Day ( 青年 节 ) in the People 's Republic of China is on May 4 . It was established in December 1949 by the Government Administration Council ( 5 ) to commemorate the beginning of the May Fourth Movement . Taiwan ( edit ) Youth Day ( 青年 節 ) in the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) has been celebrated on March 29 since 1954 . It commemorates the Huanghuagang Uprising of 1911 , during which 72 young revolutionaries sacrificed their lives to overthrow the Qing Dynasty . The Uprising took place on April 27 ( the 29th day of the 3rd month in Chinese Calendar ) , 1911 and is subsequently known as 3.29 Guangzhou Uprising . This event also marked the last unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Qing before the Wuchang Uprising successfully overturned millennia of dynastic rule in China to establish the Republic of China . Originally , Youth Day was celebrated on May 4 to commemorate the patriotic May Fourth Movement in 1919 , in which many young intellectuals protested against imperialists . Since the establishment of Youth Day on March 29 , May 4 has been known as Literary Day ( 文藝 節 ) in Taiwan , as the May Fourth Movement is part of a broader New Culture Movement . India ( edit ) Main article : National Youth Day ( India ) Youth Day in India is celebrated on 12 January on the birthday of Swami Vivekananda . In 1984 , the Government of India declared and decided to observe the Birthday of Swami Vivekananda ( 12 January , according to the English calendar ) as National Youth Day every year from 1985 onwards . To quote from the Government of India 's Communication , ' It was felt that the philosophy of Swamiji and the ideals for which he lived and worked could be a great source of inspiration for the Indian Youth . ' Swami Vivekananda 's Birthday , according to Indian Almanac ( Vishuddha Siddhanta Almanac ) is on Pausha Krishna Saptami tithi , which falls on different dates of English Calendar every year . This is observed in various centres of Ramakrishna Math and Mission in a traditional Hindu manner which includes mangalarati , special worship , homa ( fire - ritual ) , meditation , devotional songs , religious discourses , sandhyarati ( versper service in the evenings ) , and so on . The National Youth Day is observed all over India at schools and colleges -- with processions , speeches , recitations , music , youth conventions , seminars , Yogasana presentation , competitions in essay - writing , recitations , speeches , music , sports , and other programs on 12 January every year . Iran ( edit ) Youth Day is celebrated in Iran on 11th Shaban ( Hijri Ghamari ) on the birthday of Hazrat e Alie Akbar ( first son of Imam Hossein ) . After Iran revolution in 1979 the Muslim government endeavored to replace most of the national days with religious events . Kiribati ( edit ) Youth Day is celebrated on the first Monday of August in Kiribati . Morocco ( edit ) Youth Day is a public holiday in Morocco on August 21 , the birthday of the reigning monarch , Mohammed VI of Morocco . Pakistan ( edit ) Youth Day is celebrated on March 11 in Pakistan . Paraguay ( edit ) Youth and Spring Day ( Día de la Primavera y la Juventud ) is celebrated on September 21 in Paraguay , which marks the start of the spring season . Singapore ( edit ) Youth Day is celebrated on first Sunday of July every year in Singapore . The next day will normally be a scheduled school holiday . South Africa ( edit ) Youth Day on 16 June is a public holiday in South Africa and commemorates a protest which resulted in a wave of protests across the country known as the Soweto uprising of 1976 . It came in response to multiple issues with the Bantu Education Act and the government edict in 1974 that Afrikaans be used as medium of instruction for certain subjects in black schools . The iconic picture of Hector Pieterson , a black schoolchild shot by the police , brought home to many people within and outside of South Africa the effect of the struggle during the Apartheid government 's reign . Thailand ( edit ) On 20 September each year in Thailand , National Youth Day ( Thai : วัน เยาวชน แห่ง ชาติ , Wan Yaowachon Haeng Chat ) commemorates the birth dates of Kings Chulalongkorn and Ananda Mahidol . Thailand celebrates Youth Day on this date because of the many births in the month of September . Turkey ( edit ) Main article : Commemoration of Atatürk , Youth and Sports Day Youth and Sports Day ( Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı ) on May 19 in Turkey is dedicated to the youth . This day is also Atatürk Day ( Atatürk'ü Anma ) , a day of commemoration of Kemal Atatürk , the `` Father of Turkey '' , and the commemoration of the beginning of the national liberation movement initiated by Atatürk in 1919 The day is celebrated in honor of the arrival of Kemal Atatürk to Samsun on May 19 , 1919 , when the Turkish War of Independence began . Tunisia ( edit ) Youth Day is celebrated on March 21 in Tunisia just after celebration of their independence . Ukraine ( edit ) Youth Day is celebrated on the last Sunday of June in Ukraine . Venezuela ( edit ) Youth Day is celebrated on February 12. ( 6 ) The holiday was created to commemorate all the teenagers above 12 years old who fought and died in the Battle of La Victoria ( 1812 ) , during the Venezuelan War of Independence , on February 12 , 1814. ( 7 ) Yugoslavia ( edit ) Youth Day was celebrated throughout the former Yugoslavia on May 25 . This was also a celebration of Josip Broz Tito 's birthday who was in fact born on May 7 , 1892 . His birthday was celebrated on May 25 , because his troops were attacked by Nazis on May 25 , day of his birth found on his forged personal documents . In the weeks preceding the date youth ran a relay around the country and on his birthday Tito was ceremonially presented with the baton . The baton , which had passed through all major cities , contained a symbolic birthday message , ostensibly from the youth of the whole country . Zambia ( edit ) Youth Day is celebrated on March 12 . See also ( edit ) World Youth Day -- observed by the Roman Catholic Church References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : International Youth Day , UN.org , Retrieved 11 August 2016 Jump up ^ Youth Day Archived March 31 , 2012 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ June 16 , SAHistory , Retrieved 11 August 2016 Jump up ^ Youth day , anydayguide.com , Retrieved 11 August 2016 Jump up ^ Youth Day in Ukraine and Belarus Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on July 1 , 2015 . Retrieved June 28 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Ngwenya , Wesley ( March 12 , 2010 ) . `` Zambian Youth Day Celebrations -- The Hopeless Youth '' . Lusaka Times . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . External links ( edit ) National Youth Day : India Youthwork Dates Tito 's homepage Public holidays in South Africa New Year 's Day Human Rights Day Good Friday Family Day Freedom Day Workers ' Day Youth Day National Women 's Day Heritage Day Day of Reconciliation Christmas Day Day of Goodwill Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_Day&oldid=801728060 '' Categories : Types of secular holidays Youth culture Civil awareness days January observances February observances March observances April observances May observances June observances Movable July observances August observances Movable August observances September observances December observances Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Articles needing additional references from June 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles containing Thai - language text Holidays and observances by scheduling ( nth weekday of the month ) Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Deutsch فارسی Français Bahasa Melayu کوردی தமிழ் Edit links This page was last edited on 21 September 2017 , at 13 : 30 . 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Question: when was south african youth day first celebrated


List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason droughts - wikipedia List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason droughts Jump to : navigation , search Part of a series on the Major League Baseball postseason Tie Breakers Tie Breaker Games Wild Card Wild Card Game Division Series ALDS NLDS League Championship Series ALCS ( Winners list ) NLCS ( Winners list ) World Series List of World Series champions Commissioner 's Trophy Teams Appearances Series Streaks Droughts Throughout the history of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , franchises have had various postseason and World Series droughts . All 16 of the original Major League franchises ( i.e. , those in place when the first World Series was played in 1903 ) have won the World Series , with the longest wait for a franchise 's first championship being for the Phillies ( 77 years , ending in 1980 ) . Since expansion began in 1961 , seven of the 14 expansion teams have never won the World Series . Further , one franchise ( the Indians ) has a current championship drought that pre-dates the expansion era . The three longest championship droughts in history were ended recently by the Red Sox ( 85 years , ending in 2004 ) , the White Sox ( 87 years , ending in 2005 ) , and the Cubs ( 107 years , ending in 2016 ) . Discounting the 33 years in which there was no MLB franchise in Washington , there have been 60 seasons played in Washington since their last World Series championship ( in 1924 ) . Only two expansion franchises ( the Expos / Nationals and the Mariners ) have never won a pennant ( i.e. , the league championship , the two winners of which meet in the World Series ) . The two longest pennant droughts in history were recently ended by the Rangers ( 49 years , starting with the team 's foundation , ending in 2010 ) and the Cubs ( 70 years , ending in 2016 ) . The Expos / Nationals pennant drought includes 36 years in Montreal , which no longer hosts a team , and 13 years since the move to Washington ; discounting the 33 years in which there was no MLB franchise in Washington , there have been 51 seasons played in Washington since their last pennant ( in 1933 ) . Every MLB franchise has at least been to the postseason , especially since expansion of the playoffs in 1994 made that feat easier . The Mariners have the longest active postseason drought at 16 years . Long postseason droughts were ended recently by the Nationals ( 30 years for the franchise , 45 seasons over 78 years for the city , ending in 2012 ) , the Pirates ( 20 years , ending in 2013 ) , the Royals ( 28 years , ending in 2014 ) , and the Blue Jays ( 21 years , ending in 2015 ) . This list includes only the modern World Series between the American League ( AL ) and the National League ( NL ) , not the various 19th - century championship series . Those teams which have never achieved a particular accomplishment in their franchise history are listed by the date they entered the leagues . Contents ( hide ) 1 World Series championship droughts 1.1 Longest current World Series championship droughts 1.2 Longest World Series championship droughts through history 1.3 World Series championship droughts by city / region 1.4 World Series in which neither team had previously won a championship 1.5 World Series in which both teams had ended pennant droughts of 20 - plus seasons 1.6 World Series in which neither franchise had won a championship in 30 - plus seasons 2 Major League pennant droughts 2.1 Longest current Major League pennant droughts 2.2 Longest Major League pennant droughts through history 2.3 Major League pennant droughts by city / region 3 Postseason droughts 3.1 Longest current postseason droughts 3.2 Longest postseason droughts in the expanded - postseason era 4 See also 5 External links World Series championship droughts ( edit ) Longest current World Series championship droughts ( edit ) Seasons Team Last championship won Last World Series appearance 69 Cleveland Indians 1948 2016 57 Texas Rangers Never ( franchise began 1961 ) 2011 49 Milwaukee Brewers Never ( franchise began 1969 ) 1982 49 San Diego Padres Never ( franchise began 1969 ) 1998 49 Washington Nationals Never ( franchise began 1969 ) never 41 Seattle Mariners Never ( franchise began 1977 ) never 38 Pittsburgh Pirates 1979 1979 34 Baltimore Orioles 33 Detroit Tigers 1984 2012 31 New York Mets 1986 2015 29 Los Angeles Dodgers 1988 2017 28 Oakland Athletics 1989 1990 27 Cincinnati Reds 1990 1990 26 Minnesota Twins 1991 1991 25 Colorado Rockies Never ( franchise began 1993 ) 2007 24 Toronto Blue Jays 1993 1993 22 Atlanta Braves 1995 1999 20 Tampa Bay Rays Never ( franchise began 1998 ) 2008 16 Arizona Diamondbacks 2001 2001 15 Los Angeles Angels 2002 2002 14 Miami Marlins 2003 2003 12 Chicago White Sox 2005 2005 9 Philadelphia Phillies 2008 2009 8 New York Yankees 2009 2009 6 St. Louis Cardinals 2011 2013 Boston Red Sox 2013 2013 San Francisco Giants 2014 2014 Kansas City Royals 2015 2015 Chicago Cubs 2016 2016 0 Houston Astros 2017 2017 Longest World Series championship droughts through history ( edit ) The first World Series was played in 1903 . Note that no World Series was played in 1904 or 1994 . This list only shows droughts of 30 or more seasons . Active droughts are listed in bold type . Seasons Team Prev . Title Next Title 107 Chicago Cubs 1908 2016 87 Chicago White Sox 1917 2005 85 Boston Red Sox 1918 77 Philadelphia Phillies 1903 * 1980 69 Cleveland Indians 1948 -- 63 St. Louis Browns / Baltimore Orioles 1903 * 1966 62 Washington Senators / Minnesota Twins 1924 57 Washington Senators / Texas Rangers 1961 * -- 55 Houston Colt . 45s / Astros 1962 * 2017 55 New York / San Francisco Giants 1954 52 Brooklyn Dodgers 1903 * 1955 49 Seattle Pilots / Milwaukee Brewers 1969 * -- 49 San Diego Padres 1969 * -- 49 Montreal Expos / Washington Nationals 1969 * -- 42 Boston / Milwaukee Braves 1914 1957 41 Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics 1930 1972 41 Los Angeles - California - Anaheim Angels 1961 * 2002 41 Seattle Mariners 1977 * -- 38 Pittsburgh Pirates 1979 -- 37 Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves 1957 1995 34 Pittsburgh Pirates 1925 1960 34 Cincinnati Reds 1940 34 Baltimore Orioles -- 33 Detroit Tigers 1984 -- 32 Detroit Tigers 1903 * 1935 31 New York Mets 1986 -- * Year does not indicate a title won , but rather the team 's first year of existence or the first year of the modern World Series ( 1903 ) . World Series championship droughts by city / region ( edit ) This list only includes cities / regions with current Major League Baseball franchises . Years during which a city / region did not field a Major League Baseball team are not counted . Region Drought ( seasons ) Last World Series title Cleveland 69 Cleveland Indians , 1948 Washington , D.C. 60 * Washington Senators ( original A.L. ) , 1924 Milwaukee 56 * * Milwaukee Braves , 1957 San Diego 49 ‡ None Dallas - Ft . Worth 46 ‡ None Seattle 42 ‡ † None Pittsburgh 38 Pittsburgh Pirates , 1979 Baltimore 34 Baltimore Orioles , 1983 Detroit 33 Detroit Tigers , 1984 Cincinnati 27 Cincinnati Reds , 1990 Minneapolis -- Saint Paul 26 Minnesota Twins , 1991 Denver 25 ‡ None Toronto 24 Toronto Blue Jays , 1993 Atlanta 22 Atlanta Braves , 1995 Tampa - St. Petersburg 20 ‡ None Phoenix 16 Arizona Diamondbacks , 2001 Greater Los Angeles Area 15 Anaheim Angels , 2002 Miami - Ft . Lauderdale 14 Florida Marlins , 2003 Philadelphia 9 Philadelphia Phillies , 2008 New York City 8 New York Yankees , 2009 St. Louis 6 St. Louis Cardinals , 2011 Boston Boston Red Sox , 2013 San Francisco Bay Area San Francisco Giants , 2014 Kansas City Kansas City Royals , 2015 Chicago Chicago Cubs , 2016 Houston 0 Houston Astros , 2017 * city without Major League Baseball franchise for 33 seasons ( 1972 -- 2004 ) * * city without Major League Baseball franchise for 4 seasons ( 1966 -- 1969 ) † city without Major League Baseball franchise for 7 seasons ( 1970 -- 1976 ) ‡ number does n't indicate a title won , but rather total seasons played . World Series in which neither team had previously won a championship ( edit ) In these instances , the World Series matchup ensured that one team would win the first championship in its history . Season Won Lost 1980 Philadelphia Phillies Kansas City Royals 1920 Cleveland Indians Brooklyn Dodgers 1909 Pittsburgh Pirates Detroit Tigers 1907 Chicago Cubs Detroit Tigers 1906 * Chicago White Sox Chicago Cubs 1905 * New York Giants Philadelphia Athletics 1903 * Boston Americans Pittsburgh Pirates * In these cases , each team was making its first World Series appearance . World Series in which both teams had ended pennant droughts of 20 - plus seasons ( edit ) Season Won Drought ( seasons ) Lost Drought ( seasons ) 2005 Chicago White Sox 45 Houston Astros 43 1948 Cleveland Indians 27 Boston Braves 33 World Series in which neither franchise had won a championship in 30 - plus seasons ( edit ) Teams that had never won the World Series are included , even if they were less than 30 seasons old at the time . Bold denotes team that won . Season American League Drought ( seasons ) National League Drought ( seasons ) 2016 Cleveland Indians 67 Chicago Cubs 107 Texas Rangers 49 * San Francisco Giants 55 2005 Chicago White Sox 87 Houston Astros 43 * 2002 Anaheim Angels 41 * San Francisco Giants 47 1997 Cleveland Indians 48 Florida Marlins 4 * 1995 Cleveland Indians 46 Atlanta Braves 37 1992 Toronto Blue Jays 15 * Atlanta Braves 34 1980 Kansas City Royals 11 * Philadelphia Phillies 77 * Boston Red Sox 56 Cincinnati Reds 34 1972 Oakland Athletics 40 Cincinnati Reds 31 1920 Cleveland Indians 17 * Brooklyn Dodgers 17 * 1909 Detroit Tigers 6 * Pittsburgh Pirates 6 * 1907 Detroit Tigers 4 * Chicago Cubs 4 * 1906 Chicago White Sox 3 * Chicago Cubs 3 * 1905 Philadelphia Athletics 2 * New York Giants 2 * 1903 Boston Americans 0 * Pittsburgh Pirates 0 * Numbers marked with * indicates that the number is counted from either the franchise 's first year of existence or the first year of the modern World Series ( 1903 ) . Major League pennant droughts ( edit ) Longest current Major League pennant droughts ( edit ) Seasons Team Last pennant 49 Washington Nationals never ( franchise started in 1969 ) 41 Seattle Mariners never ( franchise started in 1977 ) 38 Pittsburgh Pirates 1979 35 Milwaukee Brewers 1982 ( never since joining NL in 1998 ) 34 Baltimore Orioles 27 Cincinnati Reds 1990 27 Oakland Athletics 1990 26 Minnesota Twins 1991 24 Toronto Blue Jays 1993 19 San Diego Padres 1998 18 Atlanta Braves 1999 16 Arizona Diamondbacks 2001 15 Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim 2002 14 Miami Marlins 2003 12 Chicago White Sox 2005 10 Colorado Rockies 2007 9 Tampa Bay Rays 2008 8 New York Yankees 2009 8 Philadelphia Phillies 2009 6 Texas Rangers 2011 5 Detroit Tigers 2012 St. Louis Cardinals 2013 Boston Red Sox 2013 San Francisco Giants 2014 Kansas City Royals 2015 New York Mets 2015 Chicago Cubs 2016 Cleveland Indians 2016 0 Houston Astros 2017 0 Los Angeles Dodgers 2017 Longest Major League pennant droughts through history ( edit ) List begins with 1903 , about the time the current configuration of National League and American League stabilized and also the year of the first World Series . Note that no pennants were won in 1994 due to strike . This list only shows droughts of 20 or more seasons . Active droughts are listed in bold type . Seasons Team Prev . Pennant Next Pennant 70 Chicago Cubs 1945 2016 49 Washington Senators / Texas Rangers 1961 * 49 Montreal Expos / Washington Nationals 1969 * -- 45 Chicago White Sox 1959 2005 43 Houston Colt . 45s / Astros 1962 * 2005 41 St. Louis Browns 1903 * 1944 41 Los Angeles - California - Anaheim Angels 1961 * 2002 41 Seattle Mariners 1977 * -- 40 Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics 1931 1972 40 Cleveland Indians 1954 1995 39 Chicago White Sox 1919 1959 38 Pittsburgh Pirates 1979 -- 35 Milwaukee Brewers 1982 -- 34 Philadelphia Phillies 1915 1950 34 Baltimore Orioles -- 33 Boston Braves 1914 1948 32 Pittsburgh Pirates 1927 1960 32 Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves 1958 1991 31 Washington Senators / Minnesota Twins 1933 1965 29 Philadelphia Phillies 1950 1980 28 Kansas City Royals 1985 2014 28 Los Angeles Dodgers 1988 2017 27 Boston Red Sox 1918 1946 27 Cleveland Indians 1920 1948 27 Oakland Athletics 1990 -- 27 Cincinnati Reds 1990 -- 26 San Francisco Giants 1962 1989 26 Minnesota Twins 1991 -- 24 Detroit Tigers 1909 1934 24 Toronto Blue Jays 1993 -- 23 St. Louis Cardinals 1903 * 1926 22 Detroit Tigers 1945 1968 21 St. Louis Browns / Baltimore Orioles 1944 1966 21 Minnesota Twins 1965 21 Detroit Tigers 1984 2006 21 Washington Senators 1903 * 1924 20 Brooklyn Dodgers 1920 1941 20 Cincinnati Reds 1940 1961 20 Boston Red Sox 1946 1967 * Year does not indicate a pennant , but rather the team 's first year of existence or the first year of the modern World Series ( 1903 ) . Numbers reflect drought at start of current season . Major League pennant droughts by city / region ( edit ) This list only includes cities / regions with current Major League Baseball franchises . Years during which a city / region did not field a Major League Baseball team are not counted . Region Drought ( seasons ) Last pennant Washington , D.C. 51 * Washington Senators ( original A.L. ) , 1933 Seattle 42 * * † None Pittsburgh 38 Pittsburgh Pirates , 1979 Milwaukee 35 Milwaukee Brewers , 1982 ( in A.L. ) Baltimore 34 Baltimore Orioles , 1983 Cincinnati 27 Cincinnati Reds , 1990 Minneapolis -- Saint Paul 26 Minnesota Twins , 1991 Toronto 24 Toronto Blue Jays , 1993 San Diego 19 San Diego Padres , 1998 Atlanta 18 Atlanta Braves , 1999 Phoenix 16 Arizona Diamondbacks , 2001 Miami - Ft . Lauderdale 14 Florida Marlins , 2003 Denver 10 Colorado Rockies , 2007 Tampa - St. Petersburg 9 Tampa Bay Rays , 2008 Philadelphia 8 Philadelphia Phillies , 2009 Dallas - Ft . Worth 6 Texas Rangers , 2011 Detroit 5 Detroit Tigers , 2012 St. Louis St. Louis Cardinals , 2013 Boston Boston Red Sox , 2013 San Francisco Bay Area San Francisco Giants , 2014 Kansas City Kansas City Royals , 2015 New York City New York Mets , 2015 Cleveland Cleveland Indians , 2016 Chicago Chicago Cubs , 2016 Greater Los Angeles Area 0 Los Angeles Dodgers , 2017 Houston 0 Houston Astros , 2017 * city without Major League Baseball franchise for 33 seasons ( 1972 -- 2004 ) * * city without Major League Baseball franchise for 7 seasons ( 1970 -- 1976 ) † number does n't indicate a title won , but rather total seasons played . Postseason droughts ( edit ) Longest current postseason droughts ( edit ) Seasons Team Last appearance 16 Seattle Mariners * 2001 ALCS 14 Miami Marlins 2003 World Series 11 San Diego Padres 2006 NLDS 9 Chicago White Sox 2008 ALDS 6 Philadelphia Phillies 2011 NLDS 6 Milwaukee Brewers 2011 NLCS Cincinnati Reds 2013 NL Wild Card Atlanta Braves 2013 NLDS Tampa Bay Rays 2013 ALDS Oakland Athletics 2014 AL Wild Card Detroit Tigers 2014 ALDS Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim 2014 ALDS Pittsburgh Pirates 2015 NL Wild Card St. Louis Cardinals 2015 NLDS Kansas City Royals 2015 World Series Baltimore Orioles 2016 AL Wild Card New York Mets 2016 NL Wild Card San Francisco Giants 2016 NLDS Texas Rangers 2016 ALDS Toronto Blue Jays 2016 ALCS 0 Colorado Rockies 2017 NL Wild Card 0 Minnesota Twins 2017 AL Wild Card 0 Arizona Diamondbacks 2017 NLDS 0 Boston Red Sox 2017 ALDS 0 Cleveland Indians 2017 ALDS 0 Washington Nationals 2017 NLDS 0 Chicago Cubs 2017 NLCS 0 New York Yankees 2017 ALCS 0 Houston Astros 2017 World Series 0 Los Angeles Dodgers 2017 World Series * Also longest active drought in North American sports Longest postseason droughts in the expanded - postseason era ( edit ) After the postseason was expanded in 1995 to include eight teams ( further expanded in 2012 to ten teams ) , 18 of the 30 teams qualified within the first five years , and few teams went for long droughts without at least participating in the first round of the postseason . This list only shows droughts of 15 or more seasons that occurred primarily in the expanded - postseason era . Active droughts are listed in bold type . Seasons Team Prev . Postseason Appearance Next Postseason Appearance 30 Montreal Expos / Washington Nationals 1981 2012 28 Kansas City Royals 1985 2014 25 Milwaukee Brewers 1982 2008 21 Toronto Blue Jays 1993 2015 20 Pittsburgh Pirates 1992 2013 18 Detroit Tigers 2006 16 Seattle Mariners 2001 -- 15 Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim 1986 2002 See also ( edit ) Baseball portal List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason streaks List of Major League Baseball postseason series by franchise List of Major League Baseball postseason teams List of all - time Major League Baseball win - loss records List of National Basketball Association franchise post-season droughts List of National Football League franchise post-season droughts List of National Hockey League franchise post-season droughts List of Major League Soccer franchise post-season droughts External links ( edit ) Major League Baseball ( 2018 ) American League East Baltimore Orioles Boston Red Sox New York Yankees Tampa Bay Rays Toronto Blue Jays Central Chicago White Sox Cleveland Indians Detroit Tigers Kansas City Royals Minnesota Twins West Houston Astros Los Angeles Angels Oakland Athletics Seattle Mariners Texas Rangers National League East Atlanta Braves Miami Marlins New York Mets Philadelphia Phillies Washington Nationals Central Chicago Cubs Cincinnati Reds Milwaukee Brewers Pittsburgh Pirates St. Louis Cardinals West Arizona Diamondbacks Colorado Rockies Los Angeles Dodgers San Diego Padres San Francisco Giants Postseason World Series Champions NL NL Champions NLCS NLDS AL AL Champions ALCS ALDS Wild Card Game Appearances Streaks Droughts Series Steroid usage Drug policy suspensions Mitchell Report Juiced Vindicated Biogenesis baseball scandal BALCO scandal Game of Shadows Barry Bonds perjury case Miscellaneous All - Star Game World Baseball Classic International games Records Awards Retired numbers Hall of Fame Executive Management Winter Meetings Hot stove league Transactions MLB drafts First year player Rule 5 Players Association TV contracts Highest paid players Luxury tax Instant replay MLB logo MLB team uniforms Minor League Baseball History AL Seasons Tie - breakers Tie - breaking procedures Rivalries Interleague play Schedule Stadiums Civil Rights Game Jackie Robinson Day Spring training Opening Day Lockouts / strikes Mascots MLB.com Timeline Timeline of Major League Baseball History of team nicknames Dead - ball era Live - ball era Golden age of baseball Relocation of the 1950s -- 60s Expansion 1961 1962 1969 1977 1993 1998 Commissioner : Rob Manfred League Presidents NL AL World Series No World Series was held in 1904 because the NL champions refused to participate ; no World Series was held in 1994 due to a players ' strike . 1900s -- 1910s 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920s -- 1930s 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940s -- 1950s 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s -- 1970s 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s -- 1990s 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000s -- 2010s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 See also Pre-World Series champions World Series champions Most Valuable Players Starting pitchers Babe Ruth Award Commissioner 's Trophy World Series ring Appearances Streaks Droughts Series ( by franchise ) Broadcasters TV ratings ALCS NLCS ALDS NLDS ALWC NLWC Game 7 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake Dauvray Cup Temple Cup Chronicle - Telegraph Cup Book : World Series Category : World Series Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Major_League_Baseball_franchise_postseason_droughts&oldid=822060200 '' Categories : Major League Baseball playoffs and champions Major League Baseball records Playoff streaks Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 24 January 2018 , at 04 : 32 . 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Question: baseball teams who have not won a world series