Kaley Cuoco - wikipedia Kaley Cuoco Jump to : navigation , search Kaley Cuoco Cuoco in July 2017 Kaley Christine Cuoco ( 1985 - 11 - 30 ) November 30 , 1985 ( age 32 ) Camarillo , California , U.S. Other names Kaley Cuoco - Sweeting Occupation Actress Years active 1992 -- present Spouse ( s ) Ryan Sweeting ( m . 2013 ; div. 2016 ) Kaley Christine Cuoco ( / ˈkeɪli ˈkwoʊkoʊ / KAY - lee KWOH - koh ; born November 30 , 1985 ) is an American actress . After a series of supporting film and television roles in the late 1990s , she landed her breakthrough role as Bridget Hennessy on the ABC sitcom 8 Simple Rules , on which she starred from 2002 to 2005 . Thereafter , Cuoco appeared as Billie Jenkins on the final season of the television series Charmed ( 2005 -- 2006 ) . Since 2007 , she has starred as Penny on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory , for which she has received Satellite , Critics ' Choice , and People 's Choice Awards . Cuoco 's film work includes roles in To Be Fat like Me ( 2007 ) , Hop ( 2011 ) and Authors Anonymous ( 2014 ) . She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2014 . In October 2017 , Cuoco founded Yes , Norman Productions . Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Personal life 4 Filmography 4.1 Film 4.2 Television 5 Awards and nominations 6 References 7 External links Early life Cuoco was born in Camarillo , California , the elder daughter of Layne Ann ( Wingate ) , a homemaker , and Gary Carmine Cuoco , a realtor . Her father is of Italian descent while her mother is of English and German ancestry . Her sister , Briana , competed on the fifth season of The Voice . As a child , Cuoco was a regionally ranked amateur tennis player , a sport she took up when she was 3 years old . She stopped playing at the age of 16 . Career Cuoco made her first feature film appearance as the young Karin Carter in the 1995 action thriller Virtuosity . From 2000 to 2001 , Cuoco appeared on the CBS sitcom Ladies Man and in 2000 she portrayed former The Brady Bunch star Maureen McCormick in the TV movie Growing Up Brady as well as starring in the Disney Channel original film Alley Cats Strike . In September 2002 , Cuoco began a starring role as Bridget Hennessy on the ABC sitcom 8 Simple Rules . Bridget was the oldest child , despite Cuoco being six years younger than Amy Davidson , who played her younger sister . Because of low ratings , ABC canceled the series on May 17 , 2005 . Cuoco at the San Diego Comic - Con in July 2009 In addition to the final season of 8 Simple Rules , Cuoco had starring roles on the NBC miniseries 10.5 , the ABC Family original movie Crimes of Fashion , the independent film Debating Robert Lee , and in the film The Hollow at the same time She also voiced the character of Brandy Harrington , a 14 - year - old anthropomorphic mixed - breed dog , on the Disney Channel cartoon Brandy and Mr. Whiskers . Cuoco voiced the character of Kirstee Smith in Bratz from 2004 to 2005 . In the eighth season of the TV show Charmed , Cuoco appeared as Billie Jenkins , a powerful young witch with the powers of telekinesis and projection . Executive producer Brad Kern stated that Cuoco 's character was initially brought in as a possible spin - off . In September 2007 , Cuoco began starring in the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory , playing Penny , a Cheesecake Factory employee and aspiring actress who lives across the hall from physicists Dr. Leonard Hofstadter and Dr. Sheldon Cooper . Prior to the 2010 -- 2011 season , she earned $60,000 an episode for the series , the same as her co-stars . In 2010 , the cast negotiated a raise for each actor to make $200,000 per episode . On September 13 , 2010 , she broke her leg in a horse - riding accident and missed two episodes of the series . In late October 2012 , Cuoco enlisted the help of her sister Briana to organize a flash mob on the set of the show , in which she and the cast and crew surprised the studio audience by suddenly lip syncing and dancing to Carly Rae Jepsen 's song `` Call Me Maybe '' . A video of the event was posted on YouTube and became a viral success . A clip from the performance was also played during Cuoco 's January 8 , 2013 appearance on the late night talk show Conan . As of August 2014 , Cuoco and her co-stars from The Big Bang Theory Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons , each earn an estimated $1 million per episode . Cuoco at PaleyFest in March 2013 Cuoco starred in the Lifetime film To Be Fat like Me , which premiered on January 8 , 2007 . She played a minor role in the Prison Break episodes `` The Message '' and `` Chicago '' , as well as starring in the comedy horror spoof Killer Movie in 2008 . She also appeared in the 2010 film The Penthouse . In 2011 , Cuoco appeared in Allure magazine 's annual `` Naked Truth '' feature . That same year , she appeared in the films Hop and The Last Ride . She was also chosen to host the Teen Choice Awards in 2011 , as well as the People 's Choice Awards in 2012 and 2013 . Cuoco is a regular on Priceline.com commercials as the daughter of William Shatner 's character . In October 2017 , Cuoco founded Yes , Norman Productions , a film and television production company which entered an exclusive multi-year first look production deal with Warner Bros. Television . The company optioned the rights to The Flight Attendant , a book written by author Chris Bohjalian , which will be developed into an limited series , with Cuoco to star and executive produce . Personal life While working on The Big Bang Theory , Cuoco privately dated co-star Johnny Galecki for roughly two years until December 2009 , while their characters on the show were also dating . She told CBS Watch in September 2010 that they have remained on good terms since ending their relationship . She became engaged to addiction specialist Josh Resnik in October 2011 , but they ended their engagement by March 2012 . Cuoco subsequently became engaged to professional tennis player Ryan Sweeting in September 2013 , after three months of dating . They married on December 31 , 2013 , in Santa Susana , California . On September 25 , 2015 , it was announced that the two decided to divorce . The divorce was finalized in May 2016 . Following the split , she began dating equestrian Karl Cook in late 2015 . They became engaged on November 30 , 2017 , Cuoco 's 32nd birthday . Cuoco received significant media attention surrounding a remark she made in an interview with Redbook magazine . When asked if she considered herself a feminist , Cuoco responded : Is it bad if I say no ? I was never that feminist girl demanding equality , but maybe that 's because I 've never really faced inequality ... I cook for Ryan five nights a week : it makes me feel like a housewife . I love that . I know it sounds old - fashioned , but I like the idea of women taking care of their men . In subsequent interviews , Cuoco has apologized for and retracted these statements , telling Cosmopolitan magazine , `` of course I 'm a fucking feminist . Look at me . I bleed feminism . '' Filmography Film Year Title Role Notes Quicksand : No Escape Connie Reinhardt 1995 Virtuosity Karin Carter 1997 Picture Perfect Little girl 1997 Toothless Lori 1998 Mr. Murder Charlotte Stillwater 2000 Alley Cats Strike Elisa Bowers 2000 Growing Up Brady Maureen McCormick 2000 Ca n't Be Heaven Teresa Powers 2003 Merry Mickey Celebration , AA Merry Mickey Celebration Herself Debating Robert Lee Maralee Rodgers Crimes of Fashion Brooke Sarto Hollow , The The Hollow Karen 2005 Lucky 13 Sarah Baker 2006 Separated at Worth Gabby 2006 Wasted Katie Cooning 2006 Bratz : Passion 4 Fashion -- Diamondz Kirstee Smith Voice 2007 To Be Fat like Me Alyson Schmidt 2007 Cougar Club Amanda 2008 Killer Movie Blanca Champion Penthouse , The The Penthouse Erica Roc 2011 Hop Samantha O'Hare 2011 Last Ride , The The Last Ride Wanda 2014 Authors Anonymous Hannah Rinaldi 2015 The Wedding Ringer Gretchen Palmer 2015 Burning Bodhi Katy 2015 Alvin and the Chipmunks : The Road Chip Eleanor Voice 2016 Why Him ? Justine ( AI ) Voice 2017 Handsome : A Netflix Mystery Movie Herself Television Year Title Role Notes 1994 My So - Called Life Young Angela Chase Episode : `` Father Figures '' 1994 Northern Exposure Miranda Episode : `` Hello , I Love You '' Ellen Little Ellen Morgan Episode : `` The Bubble Gum Incident '' 2000 Do n't Forget Your Toothbrush Ashley Episode : `` 12 March 2000 '' 2000 Homewood PI Lauren Crane Episode : `` Pilot '' 2000 -- 01 Ladies Man Bonnie Stiles Main role ( Season 2 ) ; 8 episodes 7th Heaven Lynn Episode : `` Relationships '' 2002 First Monday Alyssa Episode : `` Pilot '' 2002 Ellen Show , The The Ellen Show Vanessa Episode : `` Shallow Gal '' 2002 Nightmare Room , The The Nightmare Room Kristin Ferris Episode : `` My Name is Evil '' 2002 -- 05 8 Simple Rules Bridget Hennessy Main role ; 76 episodes The Help Carly Michaels Episode : `` Pilot '' Complete Savages Erin Episode : `` For Whom the Cell Tolls '' Punk 'd Herself Episode : `` 9 May 2004 '' 10.5 Amanda Williams Main role ; 2 episodes 2004 -- 06 Brandy & Mr. Whiskers Brandy Harrington ( voice ) Main role ; 77 episodes 2005 -- 06 Bratz Kirstee Smith ( voice ) Main role ( Season 1 ) ; 17 episodes 2005 -- 07 Loonatics Unleashed Paula Hayes / Weather Vane ( voice ) Recurring role ; 3 episodes 2005 -- 06 Charmed Billie Jenkins Main role ( Season 8 ) ; 22 episodes 2006 Secrets of a Small Town Misty Anders Unsold ABC pilot 2007 Prison Break Sasha Murray Episodes : `` The Message '' and `` Chicago '' 2007 -- present Big Bang Theory , The The Big Bang Theory Penny Main role 2012 Peterson : Untouchable , Drew Drew Peterson : Untouchable Stacy Peterson Television film 2016 Comedy Bang ! Bang ! Herself Episode : `` Kaley Cuoco Wears a Black Blazer and Slip on Sneakers '' Awards and nominations Year Award Work Result Young Artist Award Best Young Actress in a Cable Movie Quicksand : No Escape Nominated 2000 YoungStar Award Best Young Actress in a Mini-Series / Made for TV Film Growing Up Brady Nominated 2003 Young Artist Awards Best Performance in a TV Series ( Comedy or Drama ) -- Leading Young Actress 8 Simple Rules Nominated 2003 Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress : Comedy 8 Simple Rules Nominated 2003 Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Breakout Star : Female 8 Simple Rules Won Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress : Comedy 8 Simple Rules Nominated Young Artist Awards Best Young Adult Performer in a Teenage Role 8 Simple Rules Nominated Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress : Comedy The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2011 Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress : Comedy The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2012 People 's Choice Awards Favorite TV Comedy Actress The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2012 Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress : Comedy The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2012 Satellite Award Best Actress -- Television Series Musical or Comedy The Big Bang Theory Won 2013 Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress : Comedy The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2013 People 's Choice Awards Favorite TV Comedy Actress The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2013 Critics ' Choice Television Award Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series ( tied with Eden Sher ) The Big Bang Theory Won 2014 People 's Choice Awards Favorite TV Comedy Actress The Big Bang Theory Won 2014 Kids ' Choice Awards Favorite Funny Star The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2014 Critics ' Choice Television Award Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2015 People 's Choice Awards Favorite Comedic TV Actress The Big Bang Theory Won 2015 Kids ' Choice Awards Favorite TV Actress The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2015 Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress : Comedy The Big Bang Theory Nominated 2016 Golden Raspberry Awards Worst Supporting Actress The Wedding Ringer Won References Jump up ^ `` 8 Interesting Facts About Kaley Cuoco - Sweeting : Actor Spotlight '' . CBS . Retrieved May 15 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lombardi , Ken ( October 30 , 2014 ) . `` Kaley Cuoco - Sweeting gets emotional over Hollywood Walk of Fame star '' . CBS News . Retrieved November 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco '' . Yahoo !. Retrieved November 17 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` 5 Things You Do n't Know About Kaley Cuoco '' . ET Online . Archived from the original on January 6 , 2014 . Retrieved October 2 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Southern California Tennis Association 1998 Year - End Junior Rankings -- Girls'_14_Singles '' . californiatennis.com . Retrieved October 7 , 2012 . No. 54 in Girls ' 14 Singles . Jump up ^ Acuna , Kirsten ( March 2 , 2012 ) . `` 25 Things You Do n't Know About Newly Single Kaley Cuoco -- CBS ' ' Big Bang Theory ' Sweetheart '' . Business Insider . Retrieved October 7 , 2012 . Cuoco has been an ace in Hollywood and on the tennis court , playing the sport since she was three years old . She finally made the full switch to acting in 2002 Jump up ^ Entertainment Tonight . CBS . November 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Debating Robert Lee ( 2006 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 29 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco '' . kaleycuoco.org . Archived from the original on September 21 , 2010 . Retrieved September 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Masters , Megan ( October 12 , 2010 ) . `` Kaley Cuoco Returns to Big Bang Theory After Injury as a-Pregnant Amputee Bartender ? ! '' . E !. Retrieved November 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Ratledge , Ingela ( December 3 , 2012 ) `` Big Bang 's Flash Mob Mentality '' . TV Guide . p. 6 Jump up ^ `` The Big Bang Theory Flash mob ! ( Full version compilation ) '' . NommiXproductions . YouTube . November 16 , 2012 . Retrieved November 28 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` The Guy Who Drove a Hummer and Was n't a Total A-Hole '' . Conan . Season 3 . Episode 25 . January 8 , 2013 . TBS . Jump up ^ `` Big Bang Theory stars sign new contracts '' . BBC News . Retrieved August 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Movies -- To Be Fat Like Me '' . lifetimetv.com . Archived from the original on March 3 , 2007 . Retrieved March 18 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Brown , Robyn ( May 2011 ) . `` The Naked Truth : 4 Celebrities Go Nude for Allure '' . Allure . Retrieved July 4 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco Signs For `` I Hop , '' `` Last Ride '' -- March 31 , 2010 `` . Dark Horizons . Retrieved May 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco to Host 2011 Teen Choice Awards '' . J - 14 . Retrieved July 28 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco to Host 2012 People 's Choice Awards '' . People 's Choice . Archived from the original on October 1 , 2012 . Retrieved October 9 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco to host People 's Choice Awards '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved February 27 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco joins Shatner in Priceline ads '' . USA Today . January 9 , 2013 . Retrieved April 26 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( 27 October 2017 ) . `` Kaley Cuoco Launches Company , Inks Pod Deal With Warner Bros. TV & Set First Project -- Limited Series She Would Star In '' . Deadline . Jump up ^ Morgan , Hudson ( September 2010 ) . `` Justify Her Love '' . CBS Watch . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Weiner , David ( March 2 , 2012 ) . `` ET Exclusive : Kaley Cuoco No Longer Engaged '' . ET Online . Jump up ^ `` ' Big Bang Theory ' star Kaley Cuoco gets married '' . Associated Press via Newsday . Archived from the original on January 2 , 2014 . Retrieved January 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Krauser , Emily ( September 25 , 2015 ) . `` Kaley Cuoco Divorcing Ryan Sweeting After 21 Months of Marriage '' . Entertainment Tonight . Jump up ^ Ungerman , Alex ( May 9 , 2016 ) . `` Kaley Cuoco Finalizes Divorce From Ryan Sweeting , Actress to Pay $165,000 in Spousal Support '' . Entertainment Tonight . Retrieved May 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kile , Meredith B. ( December 18 , 2016 ) . `` EXCLUSIVE : Kaley Cuoco Gushes Over ' Perfect ' Boyfriend Karl Cook at ' Why Him ? ' Premiere '' . Entertainment Tonight . Retrieved March 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Mizoguchi , Karen ( November 30 , 2017 ) . `` Kaley Cuoco Is Engaged to Boyfriend Karl Cook -- Watch Her Emotional Reaction to the Proposal '' . People . Retrieved November 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco - Sweeting Does Not Consider Herself a Feminist : I Love Feeling Like a Housewife '' . Dec 30 , 2014 . Retrieved March 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco : I 'm Not a Feminist and I Love Feeling Like a Housewife '' . Dec 30 , 2014 . Retrieved March 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kaley Cuoco - Sweeting apologizes for saying she 's not a feminist '' . Jan 2 , 2015 . Retrieved March 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` KKaley Cuoco : `` Of Course I 'm a F * cking Feminist '' `` . Mar 4 , 2016 . Retrieved March 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kilday , Gregg . `` ' Silver Linings Playbook ' Wins Five Satellite Awards , Including Best Picture '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved April 24 , 2016 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kaley Cuoco . Kaley Cuoco on IMDb Kaley Cuoco at Rotten Tomatoes Media offices Preceded by Queen Latifah People 's Choice Awards host 2012 -- 2013 Succeeded by Beth Behrs & Kat Dennings Preceded by Katy Perry Teen Choice Awards host 2011 Succeeded by Demi Lovato & Kevin McHale Awards for Kaley Cuoco Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Busy Philipps ( 2011 ) Julie Bowen ( 2012 ) Kaley Cuoco / Eden Sher ( 2013 ) Allison Janney / Kate Mulgrew ( 2014 ) Allison Janney ( 2015 ) Mayim Bialik ( 2016 ) Jane Krakowski ( 2016 ) Mayim Bialik ( 2017 ) Satellite Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Musical or Comedy Jane Curtin ( 1996 ) Tracey Ullman ( 1997 ) Ellen DeGeneres ( 1998 ) Illeana Douglas ( 1999 ) Lisa Kudrow ( 2000 ) Debra Messing ( 2001 ) Debra Messing ( 2002 ) Jane Kaczmarek ( 2003 ) Portia de Rossi ( 2004 ) Felicity Huffman / Mary - Louise Parker ( 2005 ) Marcia Cross ( 2006 ) America Ferrera ( 2007 ) Tracey Ullman ( 2008 ) Lea Michele ( 2009 ) Laura Linney ( 2010 ) Martha Plimpton ( 2011 ) Kaley Cuoco ( 2012 ) Taylor Schilling ( 2013 ) Mindy Kaling ( 2014 ) Taylor Schilling ( 2015 ) Taylor Schilling ( 2016 ) VIAF : 120774532 LCCN : no2009114716 ISNI : 0000 0001 1086 3852 GND : 101457420X SUDOC : 157441261 BNF : cb16205740q ( data ) BNE : XX5154775 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaley_Cuoco&oldid=822042536 '' Categories : 1985 births Living people 20th - century American actresses 21st - century American actresses Actresses from California American child actresses American film actresses American television actresses American voice actresses People from Camarillo , California Hidden categories : Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Use mdy dates from November 2016 Articles with hCards Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu تۆرکجه Български Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Latina Latviešu Magyar मैथिली മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Occitan ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Vèneto 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 24 January 2018 , at 02 : 01 . 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Question: who is the actress that plays penny on the big bang theory


Sitti - wikipedia Sitti Jump to : navigation , search Sitti Navarro Sitti in concert on SM Taytay . Background information Birth name Sitti Katrina Baiddin Navarro Also known as Philippines ' Queen of Bossa Nova ( 1984 - 11 - 29 ) November 29 , 1984 ( age 33 ) Manila , Philippines Origin Las Piñas Genres Bossa nova , jazz , Pinoy pop Occupation ( s ) Singer , actor Instruments Vocals Years active 2006 - present Labels Warner Music Group MCA Website www.sittionline.com Sitti Navarro ( born November 29 , 1984 in Las Piñas ) , also known as Sitti , is a Filipino bossa nova singer . After releasing her first album , Café Bossa , in 2006 , other bossa nova acts in the Philippines followed . Navarro is also featured in the segment `` A.S.A.P. Sessionistas '' of the variety show ASAP . Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life 2 Personal life 3 Musical career 4 Television work 5 Stage Acting 6 Discography 6.1 Studio albums 6.2 Live albums 6.3 Compilations 7 Filmography 8 Awards 9 References 10 External links Early life ( edit ) Sitti Navarro was born to lawyer Rolando Navarro and Lydia Baiddin , in Manila , Philippines . Sitti is of Samal and Tausūg descent . She identifies herself as being Jama Mapun ( Sama Kagayan ) , one of the Sama - Bajau subgroups in Tawi - Tawi . She graduated from the University of the Philippines Diliman in April 2005 with a degree in Business Economics and was a dean 's lister at said university . In high school , she was editor - in - chief of the school paper and graduated as valedictorian of her class . In college , she was an active member of the AIESEC Local Committee where she was the Vice President for Outgoing Exchange from 2003 to 2004 . She was also a member of the Organization of Business Economics Majors ( OBEM ) in UP Diliman . Sitti has won two beauty pageant awards : the title of Miss Visayas 2001 in the Miss Travel Girl Pageant , and the first runner - up in the search for `` Miss Silka '' where she was also named Miss Friendship and Best in Swimwear . Personal life ( edit ) Since tying the knot with fiancé Joey Ramirez last May at a beautiful garden wedding in Baguio City , Bossa Nova Queen Sitti Navarro -- who will soon be celebrating her 10th year in the industry -- has changed a lot , and we 're not just talking about her civil status . In a press gathering to launch her latest album Sitti Singles : Bossa Nova Trio ( the last album she recorded as a single woman ) , Sitti talked about her first few months of married life . She and Joey -- a businessman and triathlete -- were matched up as blind dates by the cousin of Sitti 's bestfriend who goes biking with her regularly . She thought the two would make a good match , and they did . Since then , according to Sitti , she has noticed that everything in her life has taken on a deeper , richer tone and that includes her music . `` Mas may kabuluhan , mas meaningful , '' she said , becoming teary - eyed . `` I had no idea that being married could give one such happiness . This is a new chapter in my life looking how they will affect me as a singer and songwriter . '' Musical career ( edit ) Since the age of 16 , Sitti has been performing gigs at the Hyatt Calesa Bar and others . Although it was her dream to be a TV host , she is now one of the Philippines ' newest singers . In 2004 , MTV Philippines started `` MTV Supahstar : D ' Super Search '' , where Sitti was one of the winners . She also appeared in the group 's music videos , showcasing her talents . It led to her recording contract . Her debut album , Café Bossa , was released in 2006 . Four songs have been released ' : `` Tattooed On My Mind '' , a remake of the D'Sound hit ; `` Hey Look at the Sun '' , `` I Did n't Know I Was Looking for Love '' , and `` Para Sa Akin '' . A live album , Sitti Live ! , was released in late 2006 , and Café Bossa was re-released with a VCD in 2007 . Sitti collaborated with Club Myx to release Sitti in the Mix - The Dense Modesto Remixes , a collection of songs from Café Bossa that were made into dance - electronica songs with the help of DJ Dense Modesto , in mid-2007 , before the release of her second album My Bossa Nova , which focuses on more recent songs . My Bossa Nova was re-released in mid-2008 with a VCD of Sitti Live ! 2 called My Bossa Nova Live ! and is now a certified Platinum album at the moment . In the third quarter of 2008 , Sitti released her first Christmas album , Ngayong Pasko . Unlike her past albums , this album is purely a cover versions album with only one original song , the carrier single and title of the album , Ngayong Pasko . This album also has reached the Gold status in less than a month after its release . Sitti has also collaborated with Asia 's Pop Idol and Romantic Balladeer , Christian Bautista for his album Captured for a duet of the song of the same title . They once again collaborated for Sitti 's Christmas album on the song `` Baby It 's Cold Outside '' . In the second quarter of 2009 , Sitti released her third studio album entitled `` Contagious '' , which contains an original which was also the carrier single , `` Is This Love '' , co-penned by Andrew Fromm , who also penned Christian Bautista 's hit song , `` The Way You Look At Me '' . On March 8 , 2012 , she released her fifth studio album , Sitti - Sessions , which spawned two singles ; `` Sino'ng Mag - aakala '' and `` Wag Mo Na Munang Sabihin '' . The album allowed her to experiment with other genres apart from bossa nova . In the first Tokyo - Manila Jazz and Arts Festival , Sitti announced that her record label 's Japanese branch will release one of her albums there , and that the label will decide on its release date . The album , released May 2012 on iTunes and October 2012 in stores , is titled `` Bossa Covers '' . In 2013 , she participated in the Philippines ' highly esteemed Elements National Music Camp , where she was mentored by the likes of Ryan Cayabyab , Joey Ayala and Gary Granada , among others . On June 25 , 2013 , it was announced that she will be entering the second Philippine Popular Music Festival as an interpreter with Julianne Tarroja for the song called `` Pansamantagal '' written by Jungee Marcelo . Television work ( edit ) Sitti was also co-host of Pinoy Big Brother Season 2 on Studio 23 , alongside Asia Agcaoili , ending with the victory of Beatriz Saw . She is currently the official endorser for Lush Group of Companies , specially for the brands Fruitas , Buko Ni Fruitas and The Mango Farm chains all over the Philippines . She also ventured into acting in Judy Ann Santos ' primetime teleserye , `` Isabella '' , where she portrayed ' Tere ' , an aspiring lounge singer . Sitti was also featured in ABS - CBN 's `` Your Song '' where her song `` Ikaw Lamang '' was the single for the episode she acted in with Sam Milby . She also had a few hosting stints in Studio 23 such as Pinoy Dream Academy and Travel Time . Sitti is currently a semi-regular on ABS - CBN 's top - rating Sunday variety show , ASAP ' 09 . She appears on a segment called ASAP Sessionistas together with MYMP , Aiza Seguerra , Nina , Richard Poon and Duncan Ramos . Stage acting ( edit ) Sitti was part of `` Katy ! The Musical '' which was staged last December 27 , 2008 at Harbor Garden Tent Sofitel Philippine Plaza Manila wherein she played as Mary Walter . Alongside her was KC Concepcion , Jericho Rosales , Mitch Valdez , Dulce , Eugene Villaluz , Rachel Alejandro , Bituin Escalante , Jonalyn Viray , Aicelle Santos , Maricris Garcia , Frenchie Dy , Gian Magdangal , Gab Valenciano and Jennylyn Mercado . In 2009 , Sitti played the role of `` Martha '' in the Philippine staging of the Tony - award winning , 19th century stage drama Spring Awakening from Atlantis Productions . Spring Awakening was directed by Chari Arespacochaga and features the set design of Tuxqs Rutaquio , choreography by Dexter Santos , costume design by Rajo Laurel , lights design by Voltaire de Jesus and musical direction by Jojo Malferari . Discography ( edit ) Studio albums ( edit ) Year Album details Certifications ( sales thresholds ) 2006 Café Bossa Released : January 25 , 2006 Label : Warner Format : Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel PHI : 2 × Platinum 2007 My Bossa Nova Released : August 24 , 2007 Label : Warner Format : Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel PHI : Gold 2008 Ngayong Pasko Released : October 30 , 2008 Label : Warner Format : Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel PHI : Platinum 2009 Contagious Released : June 26 , 2009 Label : Warner Format : Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel -- 2011 Sessions Released : March 4 , 2011 Label : Warner Format : Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel 2012 Bossa Covers Released : 2012 Label : Warner Format : Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel 2014 Bossa Love Released : January 18 , 2014 Label : MCA Format : DataPlay , Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel , 8 Track Live albums ( edit ) Year Album details Certifications 2006 Sitti Live ! Released : September 15 , 2006 Label : Warner Format : Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel PHI : Gold 2008 My Bossa Nova Live ! Released : 2008 Label : Warner Format : Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel PHI : Platinum Compilations ( edit ) Year Album details Certifications 2007 Sitti in the Mix : The Dense Modesto Remixes Released : 2007 Label : Warner , Club Myx Format : Vinyl record , digital download , cassette , reel -- Filmography ( edit ) Year Title Role Notes 2006 ASAP Herself 2006 -- present Pinoy Dream Academy ( season 1 ) Herself Studio 23 host 2007 Pinoy Big Brother ( season 2 ) Herself Studio 23 host Ysabella Tere Recurring role 2009 Squalor Indie film Showtime Herself Guest judge 2012 Angelito : Ang Bagong Yugto Susan Samaniego Special Guest 2016 Unang Hirit Herself Guest Performer Awards ( edit ) This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( May 2014 ) Year Award - Giving Body Work Result 2008 GMMSF Box - Office Entertainment Awards Female Recording Artist of the Year Won References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` When the city falls in love with Sitti this Valentine 's '' . The Freeman . The Philippine Star . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . Jump up ^ Francisco , Mark ( 2008 - 04 - 14 ) . `` Sitti Navarro wows Cagayan de Oro '' . Sun. Star Cagayan de Oro . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . ^ Jump up to : `` Erik , Sitti in Extraordinary Songs '' . The Philippine Star . 2009 - 11 - 09 . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` A.S.A.P. Sessionistas at the Big Dome '' . Philippine Star . 2009 - 08 - 23 . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . < / Losorata , Yugel ( 2007 - 09 - 16 ) . `` Sitti up for more conquests '' . Manila Bulletin . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . Jump up ^ Betonio , Terry ( 2010 - 02 - 09 ) . `` Simply Sitti '' . Sun Star Cagayan de Oro . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Sandiego , Bettina ( 2009 - 11 - 24 ) . `` Erik Santos and Sitti Navarro team up for an `` Extraordinary '' concert , Nov 21 `` . Philippine Entertainment Portal . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` Sitti will perform for a charity concert on December 10 '' . 2008 - 11 - 08 . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . Jump up ^ Torre , Nestor ( 2002 - 10 - 26 ) . `` Sleeper Hit '' . Viewfinder . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` The Supah Concert of the Supahstars '' . Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2005 - 04 - 09 . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` Sitti - Sessions '' . iTunes Store . https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/sitti-sessions/id515819498 . Retrieved July 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ DZMM ( May 26 , 2012 ) . `` Sitti to release album in Japan '' . Sitti Online . Retrieved September 19 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Bossa Covers by Sitti '' . iTunes . Retrieved November 23 , 2012 . Jump up ^ http://elementsmusiccamp.com.ph/index.php/campers/baiddin-sitti-katrina/ Jump up ^ `` Christian Bautista , Karylle and other singers to interpret Philpop 2013 entries '' . Philippine Entertainment Portal . June 5 , 2013 . Retrieved June 26 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Awards > Album Recognition '' . SittiOnline.com . Retrieved 2010 - 12 - 16 . Jump up ^ DIRECTLINE , Boy Abunda ( January 5 , 2009 ) . `` Sitti wants to bring ethnic music to the world '' . The Philippine Star . Retrieved 2010 - 12 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` The 38th Box - Office Entertainment Awards ( Part 2 ) '' . Pep.ph . Retrieved 2014 - 05 - 24 . 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Question: who is known as the philippine queen of bossa nova


Princes in the Tower - wikipedia Princes in the Tower Jump to : navigation , search The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower , 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais , 1878 , part of the Royal Holloway picture collection . Edward V at right wears the garter of the Order of the Garter beneath his left knee . `` The Princes in the Tower '' is an expression frequently used to refer to Edward V , King of England and Richard of Shrewsbury , Duke of York . The two brothers were the only sons of Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville surviving at the time of their father 's death in 1483 . When they were 12 and 9 years old , respectively , they were lodged in the Tower of London by the man appointed to look after them , their uncle , the Lord Protector : Richard , Duke of Gloucester . This was supposedly in preparation for Edward 's forthcoming coronation as king . However , Richard took the throne for himself and the boys disappeared . It is unclear what happened to the boys after they disappeared in the Tower . It is generally assumed that they were murdered ; a common hypothesis is that they were killed by Richard in an attempt to secure his hold on the throne . Their death may have occurred some time in 1483 , but apart from their disappearance , the only evidence is circumstantial . As a result , several other hypotheses about their fates have been proposed , including the suggestion that they were murdered by Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham or Henry VII , among others . It has also been suggested that one or both princes may have escaped assassination . In 1487 , Lambert Simnel initially claimed to be Richard , Duke of York , but later claimed to be Edward Plantagenet , 17th Earl of Warwick . From 1491 until his capture in 1497 , Perkin Warbeck claimed to be Richard , Duke of York , having supposedly escaped to Flanders . Warbeck 's claim was supported by some contemporaries ( including the aunt of the disappeared princes , Margaret of York ) . In 1674 , workmen at the Tower dug up a wooden box containing two small human skeletons . The bones were found in the ground near the White Tower , which is close to one reported site of their burial . The bones were widely accepted at the time as those of the princes , but this has not been proven and is far from certain . King Charles II had the bones buried in Westminster Abbey . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Disappearance 3 Evidence 3.1 Rumours 3.2 Early writers 3.3 Bodies 3.3. 1 Tower of London 3.3. 2 St George 's Chapel 4 Theories 4.1 Richard III 4.2 Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham 4.3 Henry VII 4.4 Other suspects 4.5 Other claims 5 Impact 6 In popular culture 6.1 Literature 6.1. 1 Fiction 6.1. 2 Non-fiction 6.2 Television 6.3 Anime 7 References Background ( edit ) On 9 April 1483 , Edward IV of England died unexpectedly after an illness lasting around three weeks . At the time , Edward 's son , the new King Edward V , was at Ludlow Castle , and the dead king 's brother , Richard , Duke of Gloucester , was at Middleham Castle in Yorkshire . The news reached Gloucester around 15 April , although he may have been forewarned of Edward 's illness . It is reported that he then went to York Minster to publicly `` pledge his loyalty to his new king '' . The Croyland Chronicle states that , before his death , Edward IV designated his brother Gloucester as Lord Protector . Edward 's request may not have mattered , however , since `` as the precedent of Henry V showed , the council was not bound to follow the wishes of a dead king '' . Edward V and Gloucester set out for London from the west and north respectively , meeting at Stony Stratford on 29 April . The following morning , Gloucester arrested Edward 's retinue including the boys ' uncle , Anthony Woodville , 2nd Earl Rivers , and their half - brother Sir Richard Grey . They were sent to Pontefract Castle in Yorkshire where , on 25 June , they were beheaded . Gloucester then took possession of the prince himself , prompting Elizabeth Woodville to take her other son , Richard , Duke of York , and her daughters into sanctuary at Westminster Abbey . Edward V and Gloucester arrived in London together . Plans continued for Edward 's coronation , but the date was postponed from 4 May to 25 June . On 19 May 1483 Edward was lodged in the Tower of London , then the traditional residence of monarchs prior to coronation . On 16 June , he was joined by his younger brother Richard , Duke of York , who was previously in sanctuary . At this point the date of Edward 's coronation was indefinitely postponed by their uncle , Gloucester . On Sunday 22 June , a sermon was preached at Saint Paul 's Cross claiming Gloucester to be the only legitimate heir of the House of York . On 25 June , `` a group of lords , knights and gentlemen '' petitioned Richard to take the throne . Both princes were subsequently declared illegitimate by Parliament ; this was confirmed in 1484 by an Act of Parliament known as Titulus Regius . The act stated that Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville 's marriage was invalid because of Edward 's pre-contract of marriage with Lady Eleanor Butler . Gloucester was crowned King Richard III of England on 3 July . The declaration of the boys ' illegitimacy has been described by Rosemary Horrox as an ex post facto justification for Richard 's accession . Disappearance ( edit ) Dominic Mancini , an Italian friar who visited England in the 1480s and who was in London in the spring and summer of 1483 , recorded that after Richard III seized the throne , Edward and his younger brother Richard were taken into the `` inner apartments of the Tower '' and then were seen less and less until they disappeared altogether . Mancini records that during this period Edward was regularly visited by a doctor , who reported that Edward , `` like a victim prepared for sacrifice , sought remission of his sins by daily confession and penance , because he believed that death was facing him . '' The Latin reference to `` Argentinus medicus '' , was originally translated as `` a Strasbourg doctor '' ; however , D.E. Rhodes suggests it may actually refer to `` Doctor Argentine '' , whom Rhodes identifies as John Argentine , an English physician who would later serve as provost of King 's College , Cambridge , and as doctor to Arthur , Prince of Wales , eldest son of King Henry VII of England ( Henry Tudor ) . There are reports of the two princes being seen playing in the Tower grounds shortly after Richard joined his brother , but there are no recorded sightings of either of them after the summer of 1483 . An attempt to rescue them in late July failed . Their fate remains an enduring mystery . Many historians believe the princes were murdered , some suggesting that the act may have happened towards the end of summer 1483 . Maurice Keen argues that the rebellion against Richard in 1483 initially `` aimed to rescue Edward V and his brother from the Tower before it was too late '' , but that , when the Duke of Buckingham became involved , it shifted to support of Henry Tudor because `` Buckingham almost certainly knew that the princes in the Tower were dead . '' Alison Weir proposes 3 September 1483 as a potential date ; however , Weir 's work has been criticised for `` arriving at a conclusion that depends more on her own imagination than on the uncertain evidence she has so misleadingly presented . '' Sir Clements Markham suggests the princes may have been alive as late as July 1484 , pointing to the regulations issued by Richard III 's household which stated : `` the children should be together at one breakfast '' . James Gairdner , however , argues that it is unclear to whom the phrase `` the children '' alludes , and that it may not have been a reference to the princes . It may refer to Edward , Earl of Warwick ( son of the Duke of Clarence ) and Edward IV 's two youngest daughters ( Catherine and Bridget ) , all of whom were living under Richard 's care at Sheriff Hutton . Evidence ( edit ) King Edward V and the Duke of York in the Tower of London by Paul Delaroche . The theme of innocent children awaiting an uncertain fate was popular amongst 19th - century painters . Edward V is again depicted wearing the Order of the Garter . Louvre , Paris . Other than their disappearance , there is no direct evidence that the princes were murdered , and `` no reliable , well - informed , independent or impartial sources '' for the associated events . Nevertheless , following their disappearance , rumours quickly spread that they had been murdered . Only one contemporary narrative account of the boys ' time in the tower exists : that of Dominic Mancini . ( Mancini 's account was not discovered until 1934 , in the Municipal Library in Lille . Later accounts written after the accession of Henry Tudor are often claimed to be biased or influenced by Tudor propaganda . ) Four unidentified bodies have been found which are considered possibly connected with the events of this period : two at the Tower of London and two in Saint George 's Chapel , Windsor Castle . Those found in the Tower were buried in Westminster Abbey , but the Abbey authorities have refused to allow either set of remains to be subjected to DNA analysis to positively identify them as the remains of the princes . Rumours ( edit ) Several sources suggest there were rumours of the princes ' deaths in the time following their disappearance . Rumours of murder also spread to France . In January 1484 Guillaume de Rochefort , Lord Chancellor of France , urged the Estates General to `` take warning '' from the fate of the princes , as their own king , Charles VIII , was only 13 . The early reports , including that of Rochefort , Philippe de Commines ( French politician ) , Caspar Weinreich ( contemporary German chronicler ) and Jan Allertz ( Recorder of Rotterdam ) , all state that Richard killed the princes before he seized the throne ( thus before June 1483 ) . De Commines ' Memoirs ( c. 1500 ) , however , identifies the Duke of Buckingham as the person `` who put them to death '' . Only Mancini 's account is truly contemporary , having been written in London before November 1483 . The Croyland Chronicle and de Commines ' account were written three and seventeen years later , respectively ( and thus after Richard III 's death and the accession of Henry VII ) . Markham , writing long before Mancini 's account was discovered , argued that some accounts , including the Croyland Chronicle , might have been authored or heavily influenced by John Morton , Archbishop of Canterbury , in order to incriminate Richard III . Early writers ( edit ) KING RICHARD III Darest thou resolve to kill a friend of mine ? TYRREL Ay , my lord ; But I had rather kill two enemies . KING RICHARD III Why , there thou hast it : two deep enemies , Foes to my rest and my sweet sleep 's disturbers Are they that I would have thee deal upon : Tyrrel , I mean those bastards in the Tower . -- William Shakespeare 's King Richard III ( Act IV , scene ii ) Robert Fabyan 's Chronicles of London , compiled around 30 years after the princes ' disappearance , names Richard as murderer . Thomas More ( a Tudor loyalist who had grown up in the household of John Morton , an avowed foe of Richard III ) , wrote The History of King Richard III , c. 1513 . This identified Sir James Tyrrell as the murderer , acting on Richard 's orders . Tyrrell was the loyal servant of Richard III who is said to have confessed to the murder of the princes before his execution for treason in 1502 . In his history , More said that the princes were smothered to death in their beds by two agents of Tyrrell ( Miles Forrest and John Dighton ) and were then buried `` at the stayre foote , metely depe in the grounde vnder a great heape of stones '' , but were later disinterred and buried in a secret place . Polydore Vergil , in his Anglica Historia ( c. 1513 ) , also specifies that Tyrrell was the murderer , stating that he `` rode sorrowfully to London '' and committed the deed with reluctance , upon Richard III 's orders , and that Richard himself spread the rumours of the princes ' death in the belief that it would discourage rebellion . Holinshed 's Chronicles , written in the second half of the 16th century , claims that the princes were murdered by Richard III . The chronicles were one of the main sources used by William Shakespeare for his play Richard III , which also portrays Richard as the murderer , in the sense that he commissions Tyrrell to have the boys killed . A.J. Pollard believes that the chronicle 's account reflected the contemporary `` standard and accepted account '' , but that by the time it was written `` propaganda had been transformed into historical fact '' . It should also be noted that Thomas More wrote his account with the intention of writing about a moral point rather than a closely mirrored history . While More 's account does rely on some firsthand sources , the account is generally taken from other sources . Additionally , More 's account is one of the bases for William Shakespeare 's Richard III , which similarly indicts Richard for murdering the young princes . Bodies ( edit ) Tower of London ( edit ) In 1674 , some workmen remodelling the Tower of London dug up a wooden box containing two small human skeletons . The bones were found buried 10 ft under the staircase leading to the chapel of the White Tower . They were not the first children 's skeletons found within the tower ; the bones of two children had previously been found `` in an old chamber that had been walled up '' , which Pollard suggests could have equally been those of the princes . The reason the bones were attributed to the princes was because the location partially matched that given by More . However , More also stated that they were later moved to a `` better place '' , which does not match with the bones discovered . One anonymous report was that they were found with `` pieces of rag and velvet about them '' ; the velvet could indicate that the bodies were those of aristocrats . Four years after their discovery , the bones were placed in an urn and , on the orders of King Charles II , interred in Westminster Abbey , in the wall of the Henry VII Lady Chapel . A monument designed by Christopher Wren marks the resting - place of the putative princes . The bones were removed and examined in 1933 , by the archivist of Westminster Abbey , Lawrence Tanner ; a leading anatomist , Professor William Wright ; and the president of the Dental Association , George Northcroft . By measuring certain bones and teeth , they concluded the bones belonged to two children around the correct ages for the princes . The bones were found to have been interred carelessly along with chicken and other animal bones . There were also three very rusty nails . One skeleton was larger than the other , but many of the bones were missing , including part of the smaller jawbone and all of the teeth from the larger one . Many of the bones had been broken by the original workmen . The examination has been criticised , on the grounds that it was conducted under the presumption that the bones were those of the princes and concentrated only on whether the bones showed evidence of suffocation . Thus no attempt was even made to determine whether the bones were male or female . No further scientific examination has since been conducted on the bones , which remain in Westminster Abbey , and DNA analysis ( if DNA could be obtained ) has not been attempted . A petition was started on the British Government 's `` e-petition '' website requesting that the bones be DNA tested but closed months before its expected close date . If it had received 100,000 signatories a parliamentary debate would have been triggered . Pollard points out that even if modern DNA and carbon - dating proved the bones belonged to the princes , it would not prove who or what killed them . St. George 's Chapel ( edit ) In 1789 , workmen carrying out repairs in St. George 's Chapel , Windsor , rediscovered and accidentally broke into the vault of Edward IV and Queen Elizabeth Woodville , discovering in the process what appeared to be a small adjoining vault . This vault was found to contain the coffins of two unidentified children . However , no inspection or examination was carried out and the tomb was resealed . The tomb was inscribed with the names of two of Edward IV 's children : George , 1st Duke of Bedford who had died at the age of 2 , and Mary of York who had died at the age of 14 ; both had predeceased the King . However , two lead coffins clearly labelled as George Plantagenet and Mary Plantagenet were subsequently discovered elsewhere in the Chapel ( during the excavation for the royal tomb house for King George III under the Wolsey tomb - house in 1810 -- 13 ) , and were moved into the adjoining vault of Edward IV 's , but at the time no effort was made to identify the two lead coffins already in Edward IV 's vault . In the late 1990s , work was being carried out near and around Edward IV 's tomb in St George 's Chapel ; the floor area was excavated to replace an old boiler and also to add a new repository for the remains of future Deans and Canons of Windsor . A request was forwarded to the Dean and Canons of Windsor to consider a possible examination of the two vaults either by fibre - optic camera or , if possible , a reexamination of the two unidentified lead coffins in the tomb also housing the lead coffins of two of Edward IV 's children that were discovered during the building of the Royal Tomb for King George III ( 1810 -- 13 ) and placed in the adjoining vault at that time . Royal consent would be necessary to open any royal tomb , so it was felt best to leave the medieval mystery unsolved for at least the next few generations . The 2012 Leicester archaeological dig has prompted renewed interest in re-excavating the skeletons of the `` two princes '' , but Queen Elizabeth II has not granted the approval required for any such testing of an interred royal . Theories ( edit ) The children of Edward IV of England by Pedro Américo The absence of hard evidence of what happened to the Princes has led to a number of theories being put forward . The most common theory is that they were murdered close to the time that they disappeared , and among historians and authors who accept the murder theory , the most common explanation is that they were murdered by Richard . Richard III ( edit ) Many historians conclude that Richard III is the likeliest candidate for the disappearance of the princes for a number of reasons . Although the princes had been eliminated from the succession , Richard 's hold on the monarchy was very insecure due to the way in which he had attained the crown , leading to a backlash against him by the Yorkist establishment . An attempt had already been made to rescue them and restore Edward to the throne , clear evidence that the existence of the princes would remain a threat as long as they were alive . The boys could have been used by Richard 's enemies as figureheads for rebellion . Rumours of their death were in circulation by late 1483 , but Richard never attempted to prove that they were alive by having them seen in public , which strongly suggests that they were dead by then . However , he did not remain silent on the matter . Raphael Holinshed , in his Chronicles of England , Scotland and Ireland , written in 1577 , reports that Richard , `` what with purging and declaring his innocence concerning the murder of his nephews towards the world , and what with cost to obtain the love and favour of the communal tie ( which outwardlie glosed , and openly dissembled with him ) ... gave prodigally so many and so great rewards , that now both he lacked , and scarce with honesty how to borrow . '' Richard also failed to open any investigation into the matter , which would have been in his interest if he was not responsible for the deaths of his nephews . Richard was away from court on a progression through the Yorkist heartlands at the time the princes disappeared , and would have been unable to murder them in person . They were under guard in the Tower of London , which was controlled by his men , and access to them was strictly limited by his instructions . He could therefore have dispatched one of his retainers to murder the princes on his behalf , but it is unlikely they could have been murdered without his knowledge . This is the version put forward by More and Polydore Vergil , who both name James Tyrrell as the murderer . Tyrrell was an English knight who fought for the House of York on many occasions . Tyrrell was arrested by Henry VII 's forces in 1502 for supporting another Yorkist claimant to the throne . Shortly before his execution , Tyrrell is said by Thomas More to have admitted , under torture , to having murdered the princes at the behest of Richard III . The only record of this is the writing of Thomas More , who wrote that , during his examination , Tyrrell made his confession as to the murders , saying that Richard III ordered their deaths . He also implicated two other men ; despite further questioning , however , he was unable to say where the bodies were , claiming that Brackenbury had moved them . William Shakespeare portrays him as the culprit , sought out by Richard after Buckingham demurs . This version of events is accepted by Alison Weir and Hicks notes that his successful career and rapid promotion after 1483 ' is consistent with his alleged murder of the princes ' . However , the only record of Tyrrell 's confession is through More , and `` no actual confession has ever been found '' . Pollard casts doubts on the accuracy of More 's accounts , suggesting it was `` an elaboration of one of several circulating accounts '' ; however , he does not discount the possibility of it being `` just his own invention '' , pointing to the `` clear similarities to the stories of the Babes in the Wood '' . Clements Markham suggests that More 's account was actually written by Archbishop Morton and that Tyrrell was induced to do the deed by Henry VII between June 16 and July 16 , 1486 , the dates of two general pardons that he received from the king . Richard 's guilt was widely accepted by contemporaries . George Cely , Dominic Mancini , John Rous , the Crowland Chronicler and the London Chronicle all noted the disappearance of the Princes , and all bar Mancini ( who noted that he had no knowledge of what had happened ) repeated rumours naming Richard as the murderer . Guillaume de Rochefort , Chancellor of France , named Richard as the murderer to the Estates General at Tours in January 1484 . It also appears to have been the belief of Elizabeth Woodville and her daughters . One possible motive for Elizabeth Woodville subsequently making her peace with Richard and bringing her daughters out of sanctuary could be that Richard had to swear a solemn oath , before witnesses , to protect and provide for her surviving children , which made it much less likely they could be quietly murdered as it was believed their brothers had been . In line with this contemporary opinion many current historians , including David Starkey , Michael Hicks , Helen Castor and A.J. Pollard regard Richard himself as the most likely culprit . There was no formal accusation against Richard III on the matter ; the Bill of Attainder brought by Henry VII made no definitive mention of the Princes in the Tower , but it did accuse Richard of `` the unnatural , mischievous and great perjuries , treasons , homicides and murders , in shedding of infant 's blood , with many other wrongs , odious offences and abominations against God and man '' . The `` shedding of infant 's blood '' may be an accusation of the Princes ' murder . Hicks speculated that it was a reference to speeches made in Parliament condemning the murder of the princes , which suggested that Richard 's guilt had become common knowledge , or at least common wisdom . Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham ( edit ) The plausibility of Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham , Richard 's right - hand man , as a suspect depends on the princes having already been dead by the time Stafford was executed in November 1483 . It has been suggested that Buckingham had several potential motives . As a descendant of Edward III , through John of Gaunt , 1st Duke of Lancaster and Thomas of Woodstock , 1st Duke of Gloucester on his father 's side , as well as through John of Gaunt , 1st Duke of Lancaster through John Beaufort , son of John of Gaunt on his mother 's side , Buckingham may have hoped to accede to the throne himself in due course ; alternatively , he may have been acting on behalf of a third party . Some , notably Paul Murray Kendall , regard Buckingham as the likeliest suspect : his execution , after he had rebelled against Richard in October 1483 , might signify that he and the king had fallen out ; Weir takes this as a sign that Richard had murdered the princes without Buckingham 's knowledge and Buckingham had been shocked by it . A contemporary Portuguese document suggests Buckingham as the guilty party , stating `` ... and after the passing away of king Edward in the year of 83 , another one of his brothers , the Duke of Gloucester , had in his power the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York , the young sons of the said king his brother , and turned them to the Duke of Buckingham , under whose custody the said Princes were starved to death . '' A document dated some decades after the disappearance was found within the archives of the College of Arms in London in 1980 ; this stated that the murder `` be the vise of the Duke of Buckingham '' . This led Michael Bennett to suggest that possibly some of Richard 's prominent supporters , Buckingham and Tyrell , murdered the princes on their own initiative without waiting for Richard 's orders . Bennett noted in support of this theory : ' After the King 's departure Buckingham was in effective command in the capital , and it is known that when the two men met a month later there was an unholy row between them . ' Buckingham is the only person to be named as responsible in a contemporary chronicle other than Richard himself . However , for two reasons he is unlikely to have acted alone . First of all , if he were guilty of acting without Richard 's orders it is extremely surprising that Richard did not lay the blame for the princes ' murder on Buckingham after Buckingham was disgraced and executed , especially as Richard could potentially have cleared his own name by doing so . Secondly , it is likely he would have required Richard 's help to gain access to the princes , under close guard in the Tower of London , although Kendall argued as Constable of England , he might have been exempt from this ruling . As a result , although it is extremely possible that he was implicated in the decision to murder them , the hypothesis that he acted without Richard 's knowledge is not widely accepted by historians . While Jeremy Potter suggested that Richard would have kept silent had Buckingham been guilty because nobody would have believed Richard was not party to the crime , he further notes that ' Historians are agreed that Buckingham would never have dared to act without Richard 's complicity , or at least , connivance ' . However , Potter also hypothesised that perhaps Buckingham was fantasising about seizing the crown himself at this point and saw the murder of the princes as a first step to achieving this goal . This theory formed the basis of Sharon Penman 's historical novel , The Sunne in Splendour . Henry VII ( edit ) Henry VII ( Henry Tudor ) , following his seizure of the crown , executed some of the rival claimants to the throne . One who was either executed or died in captivity was John of Gloucester , illegitimate son of Richard III . Henry was out of the country between the princes ' disappearance and August 1485 , thus his only opportunity to murder them would have been after his accession in 1485 . Pollard suggests Henry ( or those acting on his orders ) is `` the only plausible alternative to Richard III . '' The year after becoming king , Henry married the princes ' eldest sister , Elizabeth of York , to reinforce his claim to the throne . Not wanting the legitimacy of his wife or her claim as heiress of Edward IV called into question , prior to the marriage he had repealed the Titulus Regius which had previously declared the princes ( and Elizabeth ) illegitimate . Markham suggests the princes were executed under Henry 's orders between 16 June and 16 July 1486 , claiming that it was only after this date that orders went out to circulate the story that Richard had killed the princes , and that the princes ' mother , Elizabeth Woodville , knew that this story was false , and so Henry had to have her silenced . Markham suggests this was the motivation behind Henry 's decision , in February 1487 , to confiscate all of Elizabeth 's lands and possessions , and have her confined to Bermondsey Nunnery , `` where she died six years afterwards '' . However , Arlene Okerlund suggests that her retirement to the nunnery was her own decision , whilst Michael Bennett and Timothy Elston suggests the move was precautionary , precipitated by Lambert Simnel 's claim to be her son Richard . Pollard calls Markham 's theory `` highly speculative '' , and states that Henry 's silence over the princes was more likely `` political calculation than personal guilt '' . Henry was also never accused of the murder by any contemporary , not even by his enemies , which he likely would have been had contemporaries thought there was any possibility of his guilt . Jeremy Potter , at the time he wrote Chairman of the Richard III Society , noted , ' With Henry , as with Richard , there is no real evidence and one must suspect that if he had killed the princes himself he would quickly have produced the corpses and some ingeniously appropriate story implicating Richard . ' Further , Raphael Holinshed reported in 1577 that Richard `` purged and declared is innocence '' regarding `` the murther of his nephews towards the world '' , indicating that the boys did indeed meet their end during Richard 's days . It is also unlikely that the princes would have been kept alive in secret by Richard for 2 years after their last sighting while rumours of his responsibility for their murder circulated . Other suspects ( edit ) Some writers have also accused John Howard , 1st Duke of Norfolk ; Margaret Beaufort , Henry VII 's mother ; and Jane Shore ( Edward IV 's mistress ) . Pollard writes of these theories : `` None deserve serious consideration . The problem with all these accusations is that they beg the question of access to the Tower without Richard 's knowledge and overlook the fact that Richard was responsible for the safekeeping of his nephews '' . The Beaufort theory has more recently been supported by Philippa Gregory and is explored in her Cousins ' War novels , as well as her BBC documentary series The Real White Queen and her Rivals , but is not supported by any evidence other than a speculative one of possible motive . Other claims ( edit ) Historian David Baldwin suggests that Henry VII 's reticence on the subject may have been due to the fact that at least one of the princes was still alive ; he considers that the likelier candidate for survival would be Richard and that Edward may have died of a malady . Baldwin argues that it is `` impossible '' that no one knew what happened to the Princes after they entered the Tower ; he believes Richard III and Henry VII , leading courtiers and their mother would all have known the boys ' whereabouts and welfare . Baldwin argues that had this been the case , Henry VII would have had the choice of keeping quiet about the survival of Richard , or having him executed , and concluded , ' He ( Henry ) would have been happy to let people think the boys had been murdered , but not to speculate when or by whose hand . ' During the reign of Henry VII , two individuals claimed to be Richard , Duke of York , who had somehow escaped death . Lambert Simnel initially claimed to be Richard , before changing his story and claiming to be Edward Plantagenet , 17th Earl of Warwick . Perkin Warbeck later claimed to be Richard , appearing in Ireland and calling himself king Richard IV . Margaret of York , Duchess of Burgundy , formally recognised Warbeck as Richard . Margaret , Richard III 's sister , an unrelenting opponent of Henry VII , had previously recognised Simnel as Warwick . Warbeck was also accepted as Richard by James IV of Scotland . After a failed attempt to invade England he was captured . He retracted his claims , was imprisoned and later executed . Many modern historians believe he was an imposter , whose supporters accepted his claim for political reasons . The fact that two persons claimed to be Richard led the 18th century writer Horace Walpole to argue that Richard had in fact escaped death , and that Warbeck genuinely was Richard , a view also supported by Malcolm Laing . Walpole , however , later retracted his views and stated that he now believed the princes to have been murdered by Richard III to secure his hold on the crown . In more recent times the theory that Warbeck was Richard has been endorsed by Annette Carson , a freelance writer with a ' lifelong interest ' in Richard III . She suggested that Richard smuggled the princes abroad to the custody of their aunt , the Duchess of Burgundy , and they were raised there under false identities . Baldwin 's theory was that by having removed them from sight to prevent them being a focus for opposition , he was then unable to bring them back to court to scotch rumours of their murder without once again having them become a threat . Impact ( edit ) The political reality of the disappearance of the princes , whatever happened to them , is that they were believed to have been murdered and Richard was blamed for their murders . Even if he had not been directly responsible for their deaths , the fact that he had deposed them and kept them under tight guard made him responsible for their welfare in the eyes of contemporaries , and the belief that they had been murdered made him guilty via negligence if not directly . As Baldwin noted in support of his conclusion that Richard would not have murdered the princes , ' It seems incredible Richard ever supposed killing his nephews would help secure his position or make him more acceptable to his subjects . ' An initial uprising in September 1483 , aimed at deposing Richard and restoring Edward V to the throne , was not stopped by rumours of Edward 's murder . Instead , the rebels rallied around Henry Tudor as a potential alternative candidate , who was , as Horrox notes , ' an inconceivable choice if Edward V and his brother were thought to be still available . ' Anthony Cheetham , who considered Richard likely did have the princes murdered , commented that it was ' a colossal blunder . Nothing else could have prompted the deflated Woodvilles to hitch themselves to Henry Tudor 's bandwagon . ' The fact that the majority of the rebels were wealthy and powerful southern noblemen , loyal to Edward IV , suggests a degree of revulsion against Richard 's usurpation of the throne : their willingness to fight on under an implausible alternative candidate suggests that they regarded anyone as preferable to Richard as King due to his usurpation and the murder of his nephews . Bennett suggested that perhaps those who had initially supported Richard in his seizure of power may have felt complicit in the crime , which he thought ' might explain the bitterness of the subsequent recriminations against him . ' Hicks speculated that these men may have been ' appalled by the character of the regime ... shocked by Richard 's crimes . ' Their defection severely weakened Richard , who had to impose his supporters among the northern lords as officeholders in the southern counties to maintain order , in itself a very unpopular act that further damaged his reputation . In Pollard 's words , ' the belief that he had murdered his nephews seriously handicapped Richard 's efforts to secure himself on the throne he had usurped . ' In popular culture ( edit ) The mystery of the Princes in the Tower has had a great impact on literature and television , spawning several award - winning novels such as Josephine Tey 's The Daughter of Time and four novels in Philippa Gregory 's Cousins ' War series , as well as aspects of George R.R. Martin 's Game of Thrones , wherein boy heirs are apparently murdered . The continued publishing of these novels and stories have contributed to the continued fascination with this mystery . Literature ( edit ) Fiction ( edit ) Elaine M. Alphin -- Tournament of Time ( 1994 ) Valerie Anand -- Crown of Roses Margaret Campbell Barnes -- The Tudor Rose ( 1953 ) Emma Darwin -- A Secret Alchemy ( 2009 ) Elizabeth George -- `` I , Richard '' ( short story ) ( 2002 ) Philippa Gregory The White Queen ( 2009 ) The Red Queen ( 2010 ) The Kingmaker 's Daughter ( 2012 ) The White Princess ( 2013 ) Margaret Peterson Haddix Found ( 2008 ) Sent ( 2009 ) Rosemary Hawley Jarman -- `` We Speak No Treason '' ( 1971 ) Sharon Kay Penman -- The Sunne in Splendour ( 1982 ) Elizabeth Peters -- The Murders of Richard III ( 1974 ) Anne Easter Smith A Rose for the Crown ( 2008 ) The Daughter of York ( 2008 ) The King 's Grace ( 2009 ) Royal Mistress ( 2013 ) Jason Charles -- The Claws of Time ( 2017 ) William Shakespeare -- Richard III ( circa 1595 ) Josephine Tey -- The Daughter of Time ( 1951 ) George R.R. Martin - Game of Thrones where the bodies of two young boys , thought to be princes , are found hanged and burned . Game of Thrones is known to be inspired in part by the Wars of the Roses . Non-fiction ( edit ) Horace Walpole -- Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of Richard III ( 1768 ) Markham , Clements ( 1906 ) . Richard III : His Life and Character . Audrey Williamson -- The Mystery of the Princes ( 1978 ) Giles St. Aubyn -- The Year of Three Kings , 1483 ( Atheneum , 1983 ) A.J. Pollard -- Richard III and the Princes in the Tower ( 1991 ) Alison Weir -- The Princes in the Tower ( 1992 ) Bert Fields -- Royal Blood : Richard III and the mystery of the princes ( HarperCollins , 1998 ) ( ISBN 0 - 06 - 039269 - X ) Josephine Wilkinson -- The Princes in the Tower ( 2013 ) Television ( edit ) The first series of the British sitcom Blackadder is set in a comic alternative history where the Princes in the Tower survived and grew to adulthood , Prince Richard assuming the throne as Richard IV upon Richard III 's death at Bosworth Field . Edward V is ignored by the storyline , and is never mentioned in script . An episode of the Canadian children 's documentary series Mystery Hunters is dedicated to the unsolved case of the missing princes . In 1984 , Channel 4 broadcast a four - hour `` trial '' of Richard III on the charge of murdering the princes . The presiding judge was Lord Elwyn - Jones and the barristers were recruited from the Queen 's Counsel , but had to remain anonymous . Expert witnesses included David Starkey . The jury was composed of ordinary citizens . The burden of proof was left to the prosecution . The jury found in favour of the defendant . In 2005 Channel 4 and RDF Media produced a drama entitled Princes in the Tower about the interrogation of Perkin Warbeck , in which Warbeck almost convinces Henry VII that he really is Richard , Duke of York . Warbeck `` remembers '' that Henry 's mother Margaret Beaufort poisoned his brother Edward V , after which Richard III spirited him away to safety . Warbeck succeeds in alienating king Henry from his mother and wife , who now believes Warbeck to be her lost brother . Margaret then shows Warbeck two young men in chains , whom she presents as the real princes , locked up for years in isolation and now completely insane . She forces Warbeck to confess that he is an imposter , and he is hanged . In the final scene Margaret is seen overseeing the burial of a piece of regal clothing with two skeletons , while Thomas More 's secret account of the events is revealed as the source of the whole story . The 2013 BBC One 10 - part TV series The White Queen is an adaptation of Philippa Gregory 's novels The White Queen ( 2009 ) , The Red Queen ( 2010 ) and The Kingmaker 's Daughter ( 2012 ) . And Secrets of Great British Castles ( 2015 ) which explores all of London 's royalty . The 2017 Starz miniseries The White Princess is an adaptation of Philippa Gregory 's novel of the same name . Which explores the mystery of Prince Richard and mostly the story of King Henry and Elizabeth . Anime ( edit ) The brothers also appear in the Victorian - era themed Anime , Black Butler , better known as Kuroshitsuji , by Yana Toboso . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Horrox , Rosemary ( 2004 ) . `` Edward IV of England '' . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press . Retrieved 25 August 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Pollard , A.J. ( 1991 ) . Richard III and the princes in the tower . Alan Sutton Publishing . ISBN 0862996600 . Jump up ^ The Crowland Chronicle Continuations , 1459 -- 1486 , Nicholas Pronay and John Cox ( eds . ) , ( Richard III and Yorkist History Trust , Gloucester : 1986 ) , p. 153 . Jump up ^ Chalmers ' Biography , vol. 32 , p. 351 ^ Jump up to : Rhodes , D.E. ( April 1962 ) . `` The Princes in the Tower and Their Doctor '' . The English Historical Review . Oxford University Press . 77 ( 303 ) : 304 -- 306 . doi : 10.1093 / ehr / lxxvii. ccciii. 304 . Jump up ^ Peter Hammond and Anne Sutton , The Coronation of Richard III : the Extant Documents ( Palgrave Macmillan , 1984 ) Jump up ^ `` The Usurpation of Richard the Third '' , Dominicus Mancinus ad Angelum Catonem de occupatione regni Anglie per Riccardum Tercium libellus ; Translated to English by C.A.J. Armstrong ( London , 1936 ) Jump up ^ R.F. Walker , `` Princes in the Tower '' , in S.H. Steinberg et al , A New Dictionary of British History , St. Martin 's Press , New York , 1963 , p. 286 . Jump up ^ M.H. Keen , England in the Later Middle Ages : A Political History , Routledge : New York , 2003 , p. 388 . Jump up ^ Alison Weir , The Princes of the Tower ( p. 157 ) Jump up ^ Wood , Charles T ( April 1995 ) . `` Review : Richard III : A Medieval Kingship . by John Gillingham ; The Princes in the Tower . by Alison Weir '' . Speculum . Cambridge University Press : Medieval Academy of America . 70 ( 2 ) : 371 -- 372 . doi : 10.2307 / 2864918 . ^ Jump up to : Markham , Sir Clement Robert ( April 1891 ) . `` Richard III : A Doubtful Verdict Reviewed '' . The English Historical Review . Oxford University Press . 6 ( 22 ) : 250 -- 283 . doi : 10.1093 / ehr / vi. xxii. 250 . ^ Jump up to : Gairdner , James ( July 1891 ) . `` Did Henry VII Murder the Princes ? '' . The English Historical Review . Oxford University Press . 6 ( 23 ) : 444 -- 464 . doi : 10.1093 / ehr / vi. xxiii. 444 . Jump up ^ Travis , Alan ( 5 February 2013 ) . `` Why the princes in the tower are staying six feet under '' . The Guardian . Jump up ^ Philippe de Commines , Memoirs : the Reign of Louis XI , 1461 -- 83 , Translated by Michael Jones ( 1972 ) , pp. 354 , 396 -- 7 . Jump up ^ Fabyan , Robert ( 1902 ) ( first published 1516 ) . Charles Lethbridge Kingsford , ed . Chronicles of London . Oxford : Clarendon Press . Jump up ^ The History of King Richard the Third , by Sir Thomas More . Jump up ^ Polydore Vergil , Anglica Historia Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine . 1846 edition , p. 188 - 9 Jump up ^ Baker - Smith , Dominic ( 2014 ) . `` Thomas More '' . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . Metaphysics Research Lab , Stanford University . Jump up ^ Sir Thomas More , The History of King Richard II , R.S. Sylvester ( ed . ) , ( Newhaven : 1976 ) , p. 88 Jump up ^ Weir , Alison . The Princes in the Tower . 1992 , Random House , ISBN 9780345391780 , p. 252 - 3 . Jump up ^ John Steane , The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy ( Routledge , 1993 ) , page 65 Jump up ^ Weir , p. 257 Jump up ^ ' Examination on the alleged murder of the Princes ' , Wordpress : Richard III Society -- American Branch Jump up ^ Richard III and the Princes -- e-petitions Jump up ^ Chapter Records XXIII to XXVI , The Chapter Library , St. George 's Chapel , Windsor ( Permission required ) Jump up ^ William St. John Hope : `` Windsor Castle : An Architectural History '' , pages 418 -- 419 . ( 1913 ) . Jump up ^ Vetusta Monumenta , Volume III , page 4 ( 1789 ) . Jump up ^ Lysons & Lysons , Magna Britannia , 1812 supplement p. 471 . Also in Britton 's Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain , 1812 page 45 . The move to Edward IV 's crypt mentioned in Samuel Lewis , `` A Topographical Dictionary of Great Britain '' 1831 . Jump up ^ Art Ramirez , `` A Medieval Mystery '' , Ricardian Bulletin , September 2001 . Jump up ^ Robert McCrum ( 15 September 2012 ) . `` Richard III , the great villain of English history , is due a makeover '' . The Observer . London : Guardian . Retrieved 2013 - 02 - 07 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Society -- History '' . Richardiii.net. 2006 - 11 - 30 . Retrieved 2010 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ Hicks , Michael ( 2003 ) . Richard III ( Revised ed . ) . Stroud : History Press . pp. 209 -- 210 . Jump up ^ Hicks , Michael ( 2003 ) . Richard III ( Revised ed . ) . Stroud : History Press . p. 210 . Jump up ^ Raphael Holinshed , `` Chronicles of England , Scotland and Ireland `` , 1577 , p. 746 , commencing on line 48 . ^ Jump up to : Richard III by Michael Hicks ( 2003 ) p 210 ^ Jump up to : Weir , Alison ( 2013 ) . Elizabeth of York : The First Tudor Queen . London : Jonathan Cape . p. 104 . Jump up ^ Rosemary Horrox , ' Tyrell , Sir James ( c. 1455 -- 1502 ) ' , Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press , 2004 ; online edn , Jan 2008 , accessed 27 Aug 2013 ( subscription required ) Jump up ^ Thomas More , The History of King Richard the Third . Accessed 20 September 2013 Jump up ^ The Princes in the Tower by Alison Weir ( 1992 ) ISBN 978 - 0 - 345 - 39178 - 0 pp 156 -- 166 Jump up ^ Richard III by Michael Hicks ( 2003 ) p 189 Jump up ^ Markham 1906 , p. 270 Jump up ^ Pollard 121 -- 122 Jump up ^ Pollard 122 Jump up ^ Weir , Alison ( 2013 ) . Elizabeth of York : The First Tudor Queen . London : Jonathan Cape . p. 105 . Jump up ^ Cheetham , Antony ( 1972 ) . The Life and Times of Richard III . London : Weidenfeld and Nicholson . p. 151 . Jump up ^ Richard III by Michael Hicks ( 2003 ) pp 223 -- 224 Jump up ^ Weir , Alison ( 2013 ) . Elizabeth of York : The First Tudor Queen . London : Jonathan Cape . pp. 112 -- 114 . Jump up ^ Richard III by Michael Hicks ( 2003 ) ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 2589 - 4 Jump up ^ Helen Castor , She - Wolves : the Women who Ruled England before Elizabeth ( Faber , 2010 ) , ISBN 978 - 0 - 571 - 23706 - 7 , p402 Jump up ^ Pollard p 135 Jump up ^ James Orchard Halliwell - Phillipps , Letters of the Kings of England , Vol. 1 ( 1846 ) , p. 161 . Jump up ^ Rotuli Parliamentorum , J. Strachey ( ed . ) , VI , ( 1777 ) , p. 276 ^ Jump up to : Kendall , Paul Murray ( 1955 ) . Richard III . New York : Norton . pp. 487 -- 489 . Jump up ^ Weir , Alison ( 2008 ) . The Princes in the Tower . London : Vintage . pp. 151 -- 152 . Jump up ^ Alvaro Lopes de Chaves ( ref : Alvaro Lopes de Chaves , Livro de Apontamentos ( 1438 -- 1489 ) , ( Codice 443 da Coleccao Pombalina da B.N.L. ) , Imprensa Nacional -- Casa da Moeda , Lisboa , 1983 ) , private secretary to the Portuguese King Alfonso V . Jump up ^ College of Arms Collection , Queen Victoria Street , London , manuscript MS 2M6 . The entire document containing the reference consists of 126 folios . It appears to have belonged to Christopher Barker whilst he was Suffolk Herald ( 1514 -- 22 ) , since his name , title , and a sketch of his maternal arms appear on folio . io6r. of the MS . Jump up ^ Bennett , Michael ( 1993 ) . The Battle of Bosworth ( 2nd ed . ) . Stroud : Alan Sutton . p. 46 . ^ Jump up to : Cheetham , Antony ( 1972 ) . The Life and Times of Richard III . London : Weidenfeld and Nicholson . p. 148 . Jump up ^ Kendall , Paul Murray ( 1955 ) . Richard III . New York : Norton . p. 488 . Jump up ^ Pollard 123 -- 124 Jump up ^ Potter , Jeremy ( 1983 ) . Good King Richard ? An Account of Richard III and his Reputation . London : Constable . p. 134 . ^ Jump up to : Potter , Jeremy ( 1983 ) . Good King Richard ? An Account of Richard III and his Reputation . London : Constable . p. 135 . Jump up ^ Penman , Sharon ( 1983 ) . The Sunne in Splendour . London : Macmillan . pp. 884 -- 885 . Jump up ^ Cawthorne , Nigel . Kings and Queens of England . New York : Metro Books , 2010 . Print . p. 89 . Jump up ^ Arlene Okerlund , Elizabeth : England 's Slandered Queen . Stroud : Tempus , 2006 , 245 . Jump up ^ Bennett , Michael , Lambert Simnel and the Battle of Stoke , New York , St. Martin 's Press , 1987 , pp. 42 ; 51 ; Elston , Timothy , `` Widowed Princess or Neglected Queen '' in Levin & Bucholz ( eds ) , Queens and Power in Medieval and Early Modern England , University of Nebraska Press , 2009 , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Pollard p 130 Jump up ^ Potter , Jeremy ( 1983 ) . Good King Richard ? An Account of Richard III and his reputation . London : Constable . p. 128 . Jump up ^ Holinshed , Chronicles of England , Scotland and Ireland , 1577 p746 . Jump up ^ Pollard p 127 Jump up ^ Gregory , Philippa . `` Philippa Gregory tells the true story behind The White Queen '' . Radio Times . The Radio Times ( BBC ) . Retrieved 2 June 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Baldwin , David ( 2013 ) . Richard III . Stroud : Amberley . p. 116 . ^ Jump up to : Baldwin , David . `` The White Queen -- What happened to the Princes in the Tower ? '' . BBC History . Retrieved 18 August 2013 . Jump up ^ David Hume , The history of England , from the invasion of Julius Cæsar to the revolution in 1688 ( 1812 ) , p323 - 324 ^ Jump up to : Wagner , John , Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses , ABC - CLIO , 2001 , p. 289 . Jump up ^ Sabor , Peter ( ed ) , Horace Walpole : The Critical Heritage , Routledge , 1987 , p. 124 . Jump up ^ Pollard 214 -- 216 Jump up ^ `` Annette Carson '' . University of Leicester : Richard III team . University of Leicester . Retrieved 27 May 2015 . Jump up ^ Carson , Annette ( 2013 ) . Richard III : The Maligned King ( second ed . ) . Stroud : The History Press . pp. 172 -- 174 . ^ Jump up to : Baldwin , David ( 2013 ) . Richard III . Stroud : Amberley . p. 118 . Jump up ^ Pollard pp. 137 -- 139 Jump up ^ Pollard p 138 Jump up ^ Hicks p. 211 - 212 Jump up ^ Cheetham , Anthony ( 1972 ) . The Life and Times of Richard III . London : Weidenfeld and Nicholson . p. 151 . Jump up ^ Hicks p 211 Jump up ^ Hicks p. 212 Jump up ^ Bennett , Michael ( 1993 ) . The Battle of Bosworth ( 2nd ed . ) . Stroud : Alan Sutton . p. 45 . Jump up ^ Hicks pp. 228 Jump up ^ Pollard p. 139 Jump up ^ Deighton , Selected by the Crime Writers ' Association ; edited by Susan Moody ; foreword by Len ( 1990 ) . Hatchard 's Crime Companion : the top 100 Crime novels of all times . London : Hatchard . ISBN 0 - 904030 - 02 - 4 . Jump up ^ The Trial of Richard III by Richard Drewett and Mark Redhead , published by Alan Sutton in 1984 , ISBN 0 - 86299 - 198 - 6 Conspiracy theories List of conspiracy theories Core topics Cabals Civil Criminal Deception Espionage Fiction Political Secrecy Secret societies Urban legend Psychology Attitude polarization Cognitive dissonance Communal reinforcement Confirmation bias Locus of control Mass hysteria Paranoia Psychological projection Deaths and disappearances Assassinations and avoidable accidents Geoffrey Chaucer ( 1400 ) Princes in the Tower ( 1483 ) Kaspar Hauser ( 1833 ) Abraham Lincoln ( 1865 ) Franz Ferdinand ( 1914 ) Lord Kitchener ( 1916 ) Michael Collins ( 1922 ) Sergey Kirov ( 1934 ) Władysław Sikorski ( 1943 ) Subhas Chandra Bose ( 1945 ) Dag Hammarskjöld ( 1961 ) Patrice Lumumba ( 1961 ) Marilyn Monroe ( 1962 ) John F. Kennedy ( 1963 ) Lee Harvey Oswald ( 1963 ) Dorothy Kilgallen ( 1965 ) Martin Luther King Jr. ( 1968 ) Robert F. 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Question: who was the father of the princes in the tower