First epistle of John - wikipedia First epistle of John Jump to : navigation , search Books of the New Testament Gospels Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Acts of the Apostles Epistles Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Apocalypse Revelation New Testament manuscripts Part of a series of articles on John in the Bible Johannine literature Gospel Epistles First Second Third Revelation Events Authorship Apostle Beloved disciple Evangelist Patmos Presbyter Related literature Apocryphon Acts Signs Gospel See also Johannine Christianity Logos Holy Spirit in Johannine literature John 's vision of the Son of Man New Testament people named John The First Epistle of John , often referred to as First John and written 1 John , is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament , and the fourth of the catholic epistles . It is attributed to John the Evangelist , traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles . This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95 -- 110 . The work was written to counter docetism , which is the belief that Jesus did not come `` in the flesh '' , but only as a spirit . It also defined how Christians are to discern true teachers : by their ethics , their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh , and by their love . Contents ( hide ) 1 Content 1.1 Comma Johanneum 2 Style 3 Authorship 4 Purpose 5 See also 6 References 6.1 Notes 6.2 Footnotes 6.3 Bibliography 6.4 Further reading 7 External links Content ( edit ) The main themes of the epistle are love and fellowship with God . The author describes various tests by which readers may ascertain whether or not their communion with God is genuine , and teaches that the proof of spiritual regeneration is a life of active righteousness . It also distinguishes between the world ( which is full of evil and under the dominion of Satan ) and the children of God ( who are set apart from the world ) . The main themes of the epistle are discernible in the writer 's sectional organisation of his contents . There are four sections ( arranged in the chiasm ABB'A ' ) : 1 : 1 -- 2 : 14 ; 2 : 15 -- 3 : 10 ; 3 : 11 -- 4 : 13 ; 4 : 14 -- 5 : 20 . The first , A , speaks of `` the witness '' , given and received , to God who is `` light '' and the exhortation is `` to live in his light '' . The second , B , is an exhortation `` to love not the world '' , with earthly motives , in earthly ways . The third , B ' , a balance to B , emphasizes ( rather ) `` love one another '' . The fourth , A ' , again begins with `` the witness '' , but this time it is to God who is `` love '' ; `` life eternal '' is theirs who live a life of loving God . The key requirements of Ancient Rhetoric , Purpose and Structure are clearly evidenced in this letter . So too are the other requirements of Style and Memory . Comma Johanneum ( edit ) Main article : Comma Johanneum Philip the Apostle . The visible text ( in Old Church Slavonic ) in the book is : `` Whosoever shall confess that Jesus is the Son of God , God dwelleth in him , and he in God . And we have known and believed the love that God hath to us . God is love ... '' Among the most controversial verses of the Bible is what some consider an explicit reference that supports the doctrine of the trinity , the Comma Johanneum : `` For there are three that bear record in heaven , the Father , the Word , and the Holy Ghost : and these three are one . And there are three that bear witness in earth , the Spirit , and the water , and the blood : and these agree in one . '' ( 1 John 5 : 7 -- 8 , King James Version ) . Verse 7 does not appear in any version of the Greek text prior to the ninth century , and first appears in most of the Latin manuscripts , especially in the Vetus Itala ( Old Latin predating Jerome ) before being translated into Greek and added to later Greek manuscripts . It was included in the King James Bible , something Isaac Newton commented on in An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture . This is sometimes used as evidence to counter the King - James - Only Movement . Bart Ehrman suggests in his book Misquoting Jesus that the King James Version would not have included the passage if Desiderius Erasmus had not given in to pressure to include it in the Textus Receptus even though he doubted its authenticity . The majority of modern translations ( for example English Standard Version and New American Standard Bible ) do not include this text , or ( for example the New Revised Standard Version ) include it as a footnote . Albert Barnes ( 1798 -- 1870 ) said regarding its authenticity : On the whole , therefore , the evidence seems to me to be clear that this passage is not a genuine portion of the inspired writings , and should not be appealed to in proof of the doctrine of the Trinity . Style ( edit ) The epistle is not written in the same form as the other biblical epistles , lacking an epistolary opening or conclusion . The epistle is written in a simple style , without syntactical flourishes , and makes frequent use of asyndeton , where related thoughts are placed next to one another without conjunctions . In contrast to the linear style used in the Pauline epistles , John 's thought moves in loops or circles forming a slowly advancing sequence of thought . This is similar to the parallel structure of Hebrew poetry , in which the second verse of a couplet often carries the same meaning as the first , though in the epistle the frequent recapitulations of already expressed ideas serve also to add to what has previously been said . In summary , the epistle may be said to exhibit a paraenetic style which is `` marked by personal appeal , contrasts of right and wrong , true and false , and an occasional rhetorical question '' . Some scholars have proposed the idea that the epistle is really John 's commentary on a selection of traditional parallel couplets . While this theory , first propounded by Ernst von Dobschütz and Rudolf Bultmann , is not universally accepted , Amos Wilder writes that , `` It is at least clear that there are considerable and sometimes continuous elements in the epistle whose style distinguishes them from that of the author both with respect to poetic structure and syntactic usage . '' Authorship ( edit ) Main article : Authorship of the Johannine works The epistle is traditionally held to have been composed by John the Evangelist , at Ephesus , when the writer was in advanced age . The epistle 's content , language and conceptual style are very similar to the Gospel of John , 2 John , and 3 John , indicating that they were written by the same author . Indeed , at the end of the 19th century scholar Ernest DeWitt Burton wrote that there could be `` no reasonable doubt '' that 1 John and the gospel were written by the same author , and Amos Wilder has said that , `` Early Christian tradition and the great majority of modern scholars have agreed on the common authorship of these writings , even where the author has not been identified with the apostle John . '' However , other modern scholars have challenged this position . Though the common authorship of the three epistles is still almost universally accepted , scholars such as Heinrich Julius Holtzmann and C.H. Dodd have maintained that the epistle and the gospel were written by different authors . There are at least two principal arguments for this view . The first is that the epistle often uses a demonstrative pronoun at the beginning of a sentence , then a particle or conjunction , followed by an explanation or definition of the demonstrative at the end of the sentence , a stylistic technique which is not used in the gospel . The second is that the author of the epistle `` uses the conditional sentence in a variety of rhetorical figures which are unknown to the gospel '' . Purpose ( edit ) `` The Fourth Gospel addresses itself to the challenges posed by Judaism and others outside Johannine circles who have rejected the community 's vision of Jesus as preexistent Son , sent by the Father . The epistles ( First , Second , and Third John ) `` describe the fracturing of the Johannine community itself '' . The author wrote the epistle so that the joy of his audience would `` be full '' ( 1 : 4 ) and that they would `` not practice sin '' ( 2 : 1 ) and that `` you who believe in the name of the Son of God ... may know that you have eternal life '' ( 5 : 13 ) . We can therefore distinguish in the epistle both a general purpose ( to increase mutual joy ) and a specific purpose ( to provide readers with tests by which they might assure themselves of their salvation ) . It appears as though the author was concerned about heretical teachers that had been influencing churches under his care . Such teachers were considered Antichrists ( 2 : 18 -- 19 ) who had once been church leaders but whose teaching became heterodox . It appears that these teachers taught a form of docetism in which Jesus came to earth as a spirit without a real body of flesh ( 4 : 2 ) that his death on the cross was not as a true atonement for sins ( 1 : 7 ) . It appears that John might have also been rebuking a proto - Gnostic named Cerinthus , who also denied the true humanity of Christ . The purpose of the author ( 1 : 1 -- 4 ) is to declare the Word of Life to those to whom he writes , in order that they might be united in fellowship with the Father and his Son Jesus Christ . He shows that the means of union with God are , ( 1 ) on the part of Christ , his atoning work ( 1 : 7 ; 2 : 2 ; 3 : 5 ; 4 : 10 , 14 ; 5 : 11 , 12 ) and his advocacy ( 2 : 1 ) ; and ( 2 ) , on the part of man , holiness ( 1 : 6 ) , obedience ( 2 : 3 ) , purity ( 3 : 3 ) , faith ( 3 : 23 ; 4 : 3 ; 5 : 5 ) , and love ( 2 : 7 , 8 ; 3 : 14 ; 4 : 7 ; 5 : 1 ) . Whereas the Gospel of John was written to unbelievers , this epistle was written to those who were already believers ( 5 : 13 ) . It seems likely that its audience was largely gentile rather than Jewish , since it contains few Old Testament quotations or distinctly Jewish forms of expression . The epistle was probably carried by itinerant missionaries to different churches throughout the region and read aloud to the congregations . See also ( edit ) If the world hates you John the Apostle John the Evangelist References ( edit ) Notes ( edit ) Footnotes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Harris , Stephen L. , Understanding the Bible ( Palo Alto : Mayfield , 1985 ) `` 1 John , '' p. 355 -- 356 ^ Jump up to : Wilder , p. 214 Jump up ^ Barbour , p. 346 Jump up ^ Barbour , p. 348 ^ Jump up to : Burton , Ernest DeWitt ( 1896 ) . `` The Epistles of John '' . The Biblical World . University of Chicago Press . 7 ( 5 ) : 368 . JSTOR 3140373 . Jump up ^ New Testament : New Testimony to the skills of the writers and first readers , David G Palmer , 2006 Jump up ^ Kurt Aland , et al. , The Greek New Testament , Third Edition ( Corrected ) , United Bible Societies , 1983 , p. 824 , n . 4 ISBN 3 - 438 - 05110 - 9 Jump up ^ Barnes , Albert ( 2007 - 02 - 07 ) . `` Albert Barnes New Testament Notes '' . StudyLight.org . Retrieved 2007 - 02 - 07 . ^ Jump up to : Wilder , Amos ( 1957 ) . `` Introduction to the First , Second , and Third Epistles of John '' . In Harmon , Nolan . The Interpreter 's Bible . 12 . Abingdon Press . p. 211 . Jump up ^ Barbour , J.H. ( 1896 ) . `` The Structure of the First Epistle of Saint John '' . The Biblical World . 9 ( 5 ) : 343 . JSTOR 3140289 . Jump up ^ Barbour , p. 342 Jump up ^ Wilder , p. 212 ^ Jump up to : Burton , p. 367 Jump up ^ Burton , p. 366 Jump up ^ C.H. Dodd , `` The First Epistle of John and the Fourth Gospel , '' Bulletin of the John Rylands Library , XXI ( 1937 ) Jump up ^ The New Jerome Biblical Commentary , Edited by Raymond E. Brown , S.S. , Union Theological Seminary , New York ; NY , William J. Dalton , S.J. ; Roland E. Murphy , O. Carm . ( emeritus ) The Divinity School , Duke University , Durham , NC ; ( The Johannine Epistles , Pheme Perkins ) , with a foreword by His Eminence Carlo Maria Cardinal Martini , S.J. ; Prentice Hall , Englewood Cliffs , New Jersey , 1990 ^ Jump up to : Barbour , p. 341 Jump up ^ Wilder , p. 210 Bibliography ( edit ) Robert Dabney , `` The Doctrinal Various Readings of the New Testament Greek '' , 1894 : p. 32 . This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Easton , Matthew George ( 1897 ) . `` `` . Easton 's Bible Dictionary ( New and revised ed . ) . T. Nelson and Sons . Further reading ( edit ) 1 John from the Biblical Resource Database External links ( edit ) Wikisource has original text related to this article : 1 John Wikiquote has quotations related to : First Epistle of John Online translations of the First Epistle of John Online Bible at GospelHall.org Bible : 1 John public domain audiobook at LibriVox Various versions First Epistle of John General Epistle Preceded by Second Peter New Testament Books of the Bible Succeeded by Second John First Epistle of John Bible 1 John 1 5 Bible portal Persons Cain Jesus Christ Terms / Phrases Antichrist Comma Johanneum Sources Greek Text Latin Vulgate Wycliffe Version King James Version American Standard Version World English Version ← Second Epistle of Peter ( chapter 3 ) Second Epistle of John ( 1 chapter ) → Books of the Bible Principal divisions Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Protocanon Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1 -- 2 Samuel 1 -- 2 Kings 1 -- 2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Deuterocanon and Apocrypha Catholic Orthodox Tobit Judith Additions to Esther 1 Maccabees 2 Maccabees Wisdom Sirach Baruch / Letter of Jeremiah Additions to Daniel Susanna Song of the Three Children Bel and the Dragon ) Orthodox only 1 Esdras 2 Esdras Prayer of Manasseh Psalm 151 3 Maccabees 4 Maccabees Odes Tewahedo Orthodox Enoch Jubilees 1 , 2 , and 3 Meqabyan Paralipomena of Baruch Broader canon Syriac Letter of Baruch 2 Baruch Psalms 152 -- 155 New Testament Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation Subdivisions Chapters and verses Pentateuch Wisdom Major prophets / Minor prophets Gospels Synoptic Epistles Pauline Johannine Pastoral Catholic Apocalyptic literature Development Old Testament canon New Testament canon Antilegomena Jewish canon Christian canon Manuscripts Dead Sea Scrolls Samaritan Pentateuch Septuagint Targum Diatessaron Muratorian fragment Peshitta Vetus Latina Masoretic Text New Testament manuscript categories New Testament papyri New Testament uncials See also Biblical canon Luther 's canon Authorship English Bible translations Other books referenced in the Bible Pseudepigrapha list New Testament apocrypha Studies Synod of Hippo Textual criticism Portal WikiProject Book Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&oldid=784630484 '' Categories : New Testament books Canonical epistles Johannine literature First Epistle of John Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from September 2012 Articles using Cite EBD template without article name Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Easton 's Bible Dictionary Articles with LibriVox links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Wikisource Afrikaans ܐܪܡܝܐ Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца )  Boarisch Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto فارسی Français Frysk Furlan Gaeilge गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Kinyarwanda Kiswahili Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Lumbaart Magyar Malagasy മലയാളം Mìng - dĕ̤ng - ngṳ̄ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Gagana Samoa Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Українська اردو ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Vepsän kel ' Winaray Yorùbá 粵語 Zeêuws 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 9 June 2017 , at 09 : 04 . 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AMX - wikipedia AMX Jump to : navigation , search AMX may refer to : AMX LLC , a manufacturer of commercial and residential control systems AMC AMX , a sports car made by American Motors Corporation AMX index ( Amsterdam Midkap Index ) , a stock market index of Euronext Amsterdam AMX International AMX , a fighter aircraft AMX International , the company that makes the AMX aircraft Armored Vehicles produced by GIAT Industries of France ( from Atelier de Construction d'Issy - Les - Moulineaux ) AMX - 50 , heavy tank AMX - 30 , main battle tank AMX - 13 , light tank AMX 10 RC , armored fighting vehicle AMX Leclerc , main battle tank AMX Mod , a server - side modification for Half - Life games AMX192 , a lighting control standard Aeroméxico , a Mexican airline ( ICAO airline designator : AMX ) América Móvil , Mexican telecommunications company ( Mexican Stock Exchange ticker symbol : AMX ) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title AMX . If an internal link led you here , you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX&oldid=610257074 '' Categories : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories : All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Talk About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 26 May 2014 , at 20 : 50 . About Wikipedia

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Atelier de Construction d'Issy-Les-Moulineaux


J. Wellington Wimpy - wikipedia J. Wellington Wimpy Jump to : navigation , search J. Wellington Wimpy Popeye character Wimpy and Olive Oyl in Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba 's Forty Thieves ( 1937 ) Created by E.C. Segar Portrayed by Paul Dooley ( 1980 film ) Voiced by Charles Lawrence ( original ) Lou Fleischer ( 1934 -- 1940 ) Daws Butler ( 1978 ) Allen Melvin ( 1987 ) Sanders Whiting ( Popeye 's Voyage : The Quest for Pappy ) Maurice LaMarche ( current ) Information Gender Male J. Wellington Wimpy , generally referred to as Wimpy , is one of the characters in the long - running comic strip Popeye , created by E.C. Segar in 1934 and originally called Thimble Theatre , and in the Popeye cartoons based upon the strip . Wimpy was one of the dominant characters in the newspaper strip , but when Popeye was adapted as an animated cartoon series by Fleischer Studios , Wimpy became a minor character ; Dave Fleischer said that the character in the Segar strip was `` too intellectual '' to be used in film cartoons . Wimpy did appear in Robert Altman 's 1980 live - action musical film Popeye , played by veteran character actor Paul Dooley . Contents ( hide ) 1 Inspiration 2 Character 3 In popular culture 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Inspiration ( edit ) The character seems to have been inspired by more than one person whom Segar had encountered . Wimpy 's personality was based upon that of William Schuchert , the manager of the Chester Opera House where Segar was first employed . `` Windy Bill , '' as he was known , was a pleasant , friendly man , fond of tall tales and hamburgers . Additional sources suggest that Segar composed the character 's name from the names of two other acquaintances . According to fellow cartoonist Bill Mauldin , the name was suggested by that of Wellington J. Reynolds , one of Segar 's instructors at the Chicago Art Institute . In a brief 1935 interview in The Daily Oklahoman , H. Hillard Wimpee of Atlanta indicated that he was connected to the character , having worked with Segar at the Chicago Herald - Examiner in 1917 . It became a custom in the office that whoever accepted an invitation for a hamburger would pay the bill . According to Wimpee , after seeing the character in the newspaper , he wrote Segar in 1922 about Wimpy , `` afraid of being connected with what ( Segar ) was doing with ( the character ) . '' He said Segar replied , `` ' You have n't seen anything yet . ' '' Character ( edit ) Wimpy is Popeye 's friend . In the cartoons , he mainly plays the role of the `` straight man '' to Popeye 's outbursts and wild antics . Wimpy is soft - spoken , very intelligent , and well educated , but also cowardly , very lazy , overly parsimonious and utterly gluttonous . He is also something of a scam artist and , especially in the newspaper strip , can be underhanded . Hamburgers are Wimpy 's all - time favorite food , and he is usually seen carrying or eating one or more at a time -- e.g. , in Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor he is seen grinding meat or eating burgers almost the entire time -- however , he is usually too cheap to pay for them himself . A recurring joke involves Wimpy 's attempts to con other patrons of the diner into buying his meal for him . His best - known catchphrase started in 1931 as , `` Cook me up a hamburger . I 'll pay you Thursday . '' In 1932 , this then became the famous , `` I 'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today . '' The phrase was also slightly altered in the episode `` Spree Lunch '' to `` I 'll have a hamburger , for which I will gladly pay you Tuesday . '' This phrase is now commonly used to illustrate financial irresponsibility and still appears in modern comedies such as The Drew Carey Show and The Office . The initial part of the phrase was even the title of Episode 6 of the fourth season of Cheers `` I 'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday . '' In Robert Altman 's 1980 live - action musical film Popeye , where Wimpy was played by veteran character actor Paul Dooley , one of Harry Nilsson 's original songs , `` Everything Is Food , '' featured Dooley singing the catch - phrase , as he took a hamburger , as `` I would gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today . '' The response from the chorus , as they reclaimed the same hamburger from him , uneaten , was `` He would gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today . '' Later in the film , a sign in a restaurant reads `` Positively NO CREDIT . This means YOU , Wimpy . '' Wimpy had other frequently used lines in the original comic strip . On some occasions , Wimpy tries to placate someone by saying , `` I 'd like to invite you over to my house for a duck dinner . '' He then moves away quickly to a safe distance and yells , `` You bring the ducks ! '' Another such line was , `` Jones is my name ... I 'm one of the Jones boys '' -- an attempt to defuse a hostile situation with a mistaken identity . To deflect an enemy 's wrath , he would sometimes indicate a third party and say , `` Let 's you and him fight '' , starting a brawl from which he quickly withdrew . In popular culture ( edit ) During World War II , `` Wimpy '' , in reference to the character , was the nickname given to the Vickers Wellington bomber . Wimpy is also the namesake of the large chain of Wimpy hamburger restaurants which was founded in Bloomington , Indiana in the 1930s and opened in the UK in 1954 ; it has maintained operations overseas since 1967 . Their UK website states , `` The name Wimpy is believed to have come from Popeye 's friend J Wellington Wimpy who loved hamburgers as much as Popeye loved spinach . '' Wimpy can also be found as the mascot for `` Wimpy 's Seafood Restaurant and Market '' in Osterville , MA on Cape Cod . ( Established 1938 ) Wimpy made a cameo appearance ( as an in - gag to both his facial features ; in the context of beef related heart disease and affinity for hamburgers ) in the Family Guy episode `` McStroke '' . Wimpy has appeared in two episodes of the Adult Swim animated series Robot Chicken , often using his `` I 'll gladly pay you Tuesday '' line to buy hamburgers . Often it fails . Voiced by Scott Adsit . In the Good Eats second season episode `` Daily Grind '' ( aka `` A Grind is a Terrible Thing to Waste '' ) , Alton Brown prepares the `` perfect burger '' ( as well as meatloaf & meatballs ) for a character named `` J. Wellington Whimpy '' ( misspelled , but looking mostly like the version of Wimpy played by Paul Dooley in the Popeye film ) played by then cast regular Steve Rooney . In the final Pooch the Pup cartoon called She Done Him Right , a dog character looking like Wimpy is seen playing a slot machine . Wimpy 's famous catchphrase gives the name to the hamburger review website A Hamburger Today . Wimpy is also the focus of an animated Bank of America commercial in which he uses a new smartphone app to finally pay for the food he mooched from his friends . Season 4 Episode 6 of Cheers is named `` I 'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday '' . In the hit video game World of Warcraft , an NPC can be heard repeating `` I 'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today '' in the city of Stormwind . See also ( edit ) Fictional characters portal United States portal Mr Micawber Harold Skimpole References ( edit ) Jump up ^ In Italian , Wimpy is known as `` Poldo Sbaffini '' ; his surname is a reference to his scrounging habits . The Italian name was also adopted in the Greek editions as Πόλντο . In Spanish , Wimpy is `` Pilón '' , Spanish for `` pestle '' , which may refer to the character 's body shape . In Sweden Wimpy is called Frasse and , unlike in the American version where he eats hamburgers , he instead eats parisare , a similar Swedish dish . Jump up ^ Fred Grandinetti , Popeye : an illustrated cultural history , pp. 5 -- 6 Jump up ^ Bill Mauldin , The Brass Ring , New York : W.W. Norton & Co. , 1972 Jump up ^ `` ' Wimpy ' Comes To Town -- But Do n't Let Atlanta Know Anything of This '' . The Daily Oklahoman . Oklahoma City . November 12 , 1935 . p. 1 . Jump up ^ Fred R. Shapiro , The Yale book of quotations Jump up ^ Tim Weiner ( August 15 , 1999 ) , The Nation ; Hunting for That Elusive Surplus , The New York Times Jump up ^ Bill Singer ( November 2 , 2009 ) , Intelligent Investing : Regulating Wall Street By J. Wellington Wimpy , Forbes , archived from the original on July 31 , 2012 Jump up ^ Robert Trigaux ( November 12 , 2009 ) , Florida 's economic failings land it on worst 10 list , St. Petersburg Times Jump up ^ Wimpy Archived September 27 , 2011 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ http://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g41756-d384889-Reviews-Wimpy_s_Seafood_Market-Osterville_Cape_Cod_Massachusetts.html#photos Jump up ^ Transcript of GOOD EATS episode featuring `` Whimpy '' Jump up ^ `` The Walter Lantz Cartune Encyclopedia : 1933 '' . The Walter Lantz Cartune Encyclopedia . Archived from the original on May 14 , 2011 . Retrieved June 3 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Serious Eats : A Hamburger Today Jump up ^ `` Bank of America TV Spot , ' Popeye , Wimpy and Bank of America ' '' . iSpot.tv . Retrieved 7 June 2016 . External links ( edit ) Popeye The Home of Popeye the Sailor Man ( hide ) Popeye created by E.C. Segar Characters Main Popeye Bluto Olive Oyl Wimpy Supporting Swee'Pea Alice the Goon Eugene the Jeep George W. Geezil Harold Hamgravy Castor Oyl Poopdeck Pappy Sea Hag Authors and artists Hy Eisman Seymour Kneitel Roger Langridge Bobby London Bruce Ozella Bill Pearson Bud Sagendorf E.C. Segar Tom Sims George Wildman Doc Winner Bela Zaboly Theatrical shorts Popeye the Sailor Fleischer Studios cartoons Famous Studios cartoons Popeye the Sailor DVD series : Volume 1 , Volume 2 , Volume 3 , Volume 4 and Volume 5 Television shows Popeye the Sailor The All New Popeye Hour Popeye and Son The Popeye Show Film / specials Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba 's Forty Thieves Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp Popeye Meets the Man Who Hated Laughter The Popeye Valentine 's Day Special - Sweethearts at Sea Popeye ( 1980 ) Popeye 's Voyage : The Quest for Pappy Popeye Video games Arcade game Popeye ( Game Boy ) Popeye 2 Popeye no Eigo Asobi Popeye Saves the Earth Rush for Spinach Ijiwaru Majo Seahag no Maki Beach Volleyball Other Popeye Song Folio Popeye Village Popeye and Bluto 's Bilge - Rat Barges Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._Wellington_Wimpy&oldid=817204584 '' Categories : Comic book sidekicks Fictional con artists Fictional tricksters Popeye characters Animated human characters Comics characters introduced in 1931 Fictional American people Male characters in comics Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from May 2015 Pages using deprecated image syntax All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Italiano Nederlands Português Edit links This page was last edited on 26 December 2017 , at 21 : 50 . 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13 Reasons Why - Wikipedia 13 Reasons Why Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the television series . For the novel , see Thirteen Reasons Why . 13 Reasons Why Genre Teen drama Mystery Based on Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher Developed by Brian Yorkey Starring Dylan Minnette Katherine Langford Christian Navarro Alisha Boe Brandon Flynn Justin Prentice Miles Heizer Ross Butler Devin Druid Amy Hargreaves Derek Luke Kate Walsh Narrated by Katherine Langford Opening theme `` Oh in This World of Dread , Carry On '' by Eskmo Composer ( s ) Eskmo Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 13 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Brian Yorkey Diana Son Tom McCarthy Joy Gorman Wettels Steve Golin Michael Sugar Selena Gomez Mandy Teefey Kristel Laiblin Producer ( s ) Joseph Incaprera Editor ( s ) Leo Trombetta Camera setup Single - camera Running time 49 -- 61 minutes Production company ( s ) July Moon Productions Kicked to the Curb Productions Anonymous Content Paramount Television Distributor Netflix Release Original network Netflix Picture format 4K ( Ultra HD ) Original release March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) -- present External links Website 13 Reasons Why ( stylized onscreen as TH1RTEEN R3ASONS WHY ) is an American mystery teen drama web television series based on the 2007 novel Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher and adapted by Brian Yorkey for Netflix . The series revolves around a high school student , Clay Jensen , and his friend Hannah Baker , a girl who takes her own life after suffering a series of demoralizing circumstances brought on by select individuals at her school . A box of cassette tapes recorded by Hannah before her suicide details thirteen reasons why she ended her life . Yorkey and Diana Son serve as showrunners on the series . The first season consists of thirteen episodes . The series is produced by July Moon Productions , Kicked to the Curb Productions , Anonymous Content and Paramount Television . Originally conceived as a film set to be released by Universal Pictures with Selena Gomez in the role of Hannah Baker , the adaptation was picked up as a television series by Netflix in late 2015 . Gomez serves as an executive producer . The first season , and the special 13 Reasons Why : Beyond the Reasons , were released worldwide on Netflix on March 31 , 2017 . The series has received largely positive reviews from critics and audiences , who have praised its subject matter and casting , particularly the two leads , Dylan Minnette and Katherine Langford . It has attracted controversy from some , including mental health professionals , over the series ' graphic depiction of issues such as suicide and rape , along with other mature content . In May 2017 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season , scheduled to premiere in 2018 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Premise 2 Cast and characters 2.1 Main 2.2 Recurring 3 Episodes 4 Production 5 Reception 5.1 Audience viewership 5.2 Critical response 5.3 Social impact 5.4 Accolades 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links Premise Teenager Clay Jensen returns home from school one day to find a mysterious box lying on his porch . Inside , he discovers seven double - sided cassette tapes recorded by Hannah Baker , his classmate and unrequited love , who tragically took her own life two weeks earlier . On the tapes , Hannah unfolds an emotional audio diary , detailing the thirteen reasons why she decided to end her life . Her instructions are clear : each person who receives the package is one of the reasons why she killed herself . After each person finishes listening to the tapes , they must pass the package on to the next person . If anyone breaks the chain , a separate set of tapes will be released to the public . Each tape is addressed to a select person in her school , and details their involvement in her eventual suicide . Cast and characters Main Dylan Minnette as Clay Jensen Katherine Langford as Hannah Baker Christian Navarro as Tony Padilla Alisha Boe as Jessica Davis Brandon Flynn as Justin Foley Justin Prentice as Bryce Walker Miles Heizer as Alex Standall Ross Butler as Zach Dempsey Devin Druid as Tyler Down Amy Hargreaves as Lainie Jensen Derek Luke as Kevin Porter Kate Walsh as Olivia Baker Recurring Brian d'Arcy James as Andy Baker Josh Hamilton as Matt Jensen Michele Selene Ang as Courtney Crimsen Steven Silver as Marcus Cole Ajiona Alexus as Sheri Holland Tommy Dorfman as Ryan Shaver Sosie Bacon as Skye Miller Brandon Larracuente as Jeff Atkins Timothy Granaderos as Montgomery de la Cruz Steven Weber as Gary Bolan Keiko Agena as Pam Bradley Mark Pellegrino as Standall Joseph C. Phillips as Mr. Davis Cindy Cheung as Karen Dempsey Henry Zaga as Brad Giorgia Whigham as Kat Robert Gant as Todd Crimsen Wilson Cruz as Dennis Vasquez Jake Weber as Barry Walker Brenda Strong as Nora Walker Meredith Monroe as Carolyn R.J. Brown as Caleb Anne Winters as Chloe Bryce Cass as Cyrus Chelsea Alden as Mackenzie Allison Miller as Sonya Samantha Logan as Nina Jones Kelli O'Hara as Jackie Ben Lawson as Rick Episodes No . Title Directed by Written by Original release date `` Tape 1 , Side A '' Tom McCarthy Brian Yorkey March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) Clay Jensen finds a box filled with audio cassette tapes anonymously left on his front doorstep . He plays the first in his father 's boombox and realizes they have been recorded by his recently deceased classmate Hannah Baker , before he accidentally drops and breaks the boombox when surprised by his mother . Clay steals his friend Tony 's Walkman to continue listening . Clay listens to the first tape , in which Hannah begins to relate the experiences that led to her suicide . She starts by sharing the story of her first kiss , with Justin Foley , who goes on to inadvertently spread a salacious rumor that begins the sequence of events leading to her suicide . Clay is revealed , through numerous short flashbacks , to have been in love with Hannah and to have worked with her at the local movie theater . Tape subject : Justin Foley , for spreading a racy picture of Hannah along with a sexual rumor about their encounter . `` Tape 1 , Side B '' Tom McCarthy Brian Yorkey March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) Hannah reminisces about her friendship with two other new students : Jessica , who moves frequently because her father is in the Air Force , and Alex , who they met at a coffee shop . Jessica and Alex eventually begin a relationship and stop spending time with Hannah . When Alex breaks up with Jessica , she very publicly blames Hannah . In the present , Hannah 's mother , Olivia , finds a note in her daughter 's textbook that leads her to believe Hannah was being bullied . Clay asks Jessica about the tapes , which results in Bryce Walker 's circle of peers meeting to discuss how Clay is listening to Hannah 's recordings . Tape subject : Jessica Davis , for mistakenly blaming Hannah for her breakup with Alex . `` Tape 2 , Side A '' Helen Shaver Diana Son March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) As Clay attempts to pursue a romantic relationship with Hannah , her relationships are threatened by a `` best / worst list '' made by Alex Standall , who has put a `` target '' on Hannah . In the present , Hannah 's mother , Olivia Baker , seeks out the school principal about her suspicion of bullying and makes a disturbing discovery . In the midst of his investigation , Clay turns to Alex for answers , who not only feels regret for his actions on the tapes , but also warns Clay against trusting Tony , whom Clay later sees in a violent exchange with his brothers . As Justin tries to recuperate from his recent slump , Bryce strong - arms Clay and Alex into a drinking contest in an alleyway . Tape subject : Alex Standall , for listing Hannah 's ass as the best in school to make Jessica Davis jealous and for destroying her friendship with Jessica . `` Tape 2 , Side B '' Helen Shaver Thomas Higgins March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) Hannah hears someone outside her window , and confesses to her friend , Courtney , that she has a stalker . Courtney offers to help her catch the offender in the act . While waiting for the stalker to arrive , they play an alcohol - fueled game of truth or dare that leads to the two of them kissing on Hannah 's bed . The stalker , school photographer Tyler Down , takes a photo of the girls and sends it around the school . This effectively ends Courtney and Hannah 's friendship as Courtney distances herself from Hannah to avoid being revealed as one of the people in the photograph . In the present , Clay goes to Hannah 's house and talks to her mother , though is unable to admit how close he and Hannah were . He also confronts Tony about the incident with his brothers . Tony responds that `` people have to make their own justice '' and proves he has an extra set of tapes . Inspired by this , Clay takes a naked picture of Tyler and sends it around the school in revenge . Tape subject : Tyler Down , for stalking Hannah and spreading the photo of her and Courtney 's kiss around the school . 5 `` Tape 3 , Side A '' Kyle Patrick Alvarez Julia Bicknell March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) Courtney , afraid of her classmates finding out about her sexuality , spreads a rumor that the girls in the leaked photos are Hannah and Laura , an openly lesbian classmate . Courtney also adds to the rumor about Hannah and Justin , worsening Hannah 's poor reputation . In the present , Clay takes Courtney to visit Hannah 's grave . She leaves , not ready to face her involvement in the loss of her classmate or be more open about her sexuality . Tony arrives with Clay 's bike and gives him a tape with the song he and Hannah danced to at the Winter Formal . Later , Justin , Zach and Alex force Clay into the car with them by stealing his bike and scare him into silence about the tapes by driving over the speed limit . They are pulled over by the police but face no consequences as the officer is revealed to be Alex 's father . Clay denies knowing Hannah to his mother , who has been asked to represent the school in the lawsuit the Bakers are bringing . Tape subject : Courtney Crimsen , for deflecting attention about both her sexuality and the photo Tyler took of her and Hannah by spreading further rumors about Hannah . 6 `` Tape 3 , Side B '' Kyle Patrick Alvarez Nic Sheff March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) Hannah 's date on Valentine 's Day with Marcus does not go as planned due to the rumors that she is promiscuous . In the present , Alex gets into a fight with Montgomery and they both must appear before the student council . Clay helps Sheri on an assignment , and they nearly hook up , but Sheri reveals she is only there because she is on the tapes and wants Clay to like her despite her role in Hannah 's death . Tape subject : Marcus Cole , for humiliating and attempting to sexually assault Hannah in public on their Dollar Valentine date . 7 `` Tape 4 , Side A '' Gregg Araki Elizabeth Benjamin March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) After Hannah refuses to go out with Zach , he gets revenge by sabotaging her emotionally during a class project . Zach removes compliments from Hannah 's box , affecting her self - confidence . In the present , Clay hears Zach 's tape and keys his car in an act of revenge , but things turn out to be different than they appeared . Clay is now having both auditory and visual hallucinations of Hannah during the day , including seeing her dead body on the floor of the basketball court during a game and hearing her tape playing over the school 's intercom system . He returns the tapes to Tony , unable to continue listening . Tape subject : Zach Dempsey , for stealing the `` positive notes '' destined to Hannah in Communications class out of revenge for her rejecting him and his help . 8 `` Tape 4 , Side B '' Gregg Araki Kirk Moore March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) Hannah is touched by poetry recited by fellow student Ryan Shaver , and joins the Evergreen Poetry Club , a place where people write and perform their own poetry , and listen and critique others . Hannah presents some extremely revealing and confessional poetry at the poetry club after Ryan encourages her . Ryan betrays her by publishing the poem without her knowledge or consent in his school magazine . Almost everyone in school finds the poem hilarious , but Clay is both touched and disturbed by it , not realizing Hannah is the author . In the present day , Tony confides to Clay about the night of Hannah 's death , and Clay takes back the tapes . Clay later gives the poem to Hannah 's mother . Tape subject : Ryan Shaver , for stealing a poem she wrote detailing her personal problems and publishing it in the school newspaper without her consent . 9 `` Tape 5 , Side A '' Carl Franklin Hayley Tyler March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) While hiding in Jessica 's room during a party , Hannah witnesses Bryce Walker raping an unconscious and intoxicated Jessica . In the present , Marcus warns Clay the worst is yet to come and again attempts to scare him into silence about the tapes , this time by planting drugs in his backpack to get him suspended from school . Clay finally admits to his mother that he and Hannah were close . After getting suspicious legal advice from his mother , he goes to Justin 's apartment to retrieve his bike and talk about getting justice for Jessica . Justin finally admits that what happened in the tapes is real , and claims it is better if Jessica does not know the truth . Tape subject : Justin Foley ( and seemingly Hannah Baker herself ) , for allowing Bryce to rape his girlfriend Jessica . 10 `` Tape 5 , Side B '' Carl Franklin Nathan Louis Jackson March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) After the party , Hannah gets a ride home from her classmate , cheerleader Sheri Holland . They have what appears to be a minor accident , knocking over a stop sign . While Hannah wants to call the police to report it , Sheri refuses to do so , because she is afraid she will get in trouble . While Hannah is on her way to find a phone to call the authorities , the downed stop sign causes a serious accident at that intersection , resulting in the death of Clay 's friend Jeff Atkins , which was incorrectly considered a drunk driving accident . When Hannah tries to tell Clay about the stop sign , he pushes her away , thinking she is being unnecessarily dramatic . In the present , Jessica 's behavior becomes more erratic . Clay finds out that Sheri is trying to make up for her mistake in her own way , and he tells Jeff 's parents that Jeff was sober when he died . Tape subject : Sheri Holland , for abandoning Hannah after crashing her car into a stop sign , which ultimately caused the death of another student . 11 `` Tape 6 , Side A '' Jessica Yu Diana Son March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) With Tony 's support , Clay finally listens to his tape and is overcome with guilt to the point of contemplating his own suicide because he feels he did not do enough to prevent Hannah 's death . Tony manages to calm him down . Justin finds out Jessica is at Bryce 's home . He confronts her there and admits that Bryce raped her on the night of the party , causing her to break up with him . Olivia Baker finds a list with the names of all the people on the tapes , although she does not know what the list means . Tape subject : Ostensibly Clay Jensen , for complying with Hannah 's request to leave her alone at Jessica 's party . However , Hannah is explicit in stating Clay is not included in the list , but is there because he must be , as he is part of the story . 12 `` Tape 6 , Side B '' Jessica Yu Elizabeth Benjamin March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) After accidentally losing her parents ' store 's earnings , a depressed Hannah stumbles upon a party being thrown by Bryce . The night ends in tragedy when she ends up alone with him , and he rapes her in his hot tub . This leads Hannah to create a list of people ( the one that her mother found in the previous episode ) who she feels were responsible for leading her to her current circumstances , which becomes the inspiration for the creation of the tapes . In the present , everyone on Hannah 's list is subpoenaed to testify in the lawsuit between the Bakers and the school . The subjects of the tapes disagree over what to do . Tyler eventually suggests they pin everything on Bryce , but Alex refuses and says they should tell the truth . Sheri turns herself in . Clay goes to Bryce 's house , on the pretext of buying marijuana , to confront him about the events of the night he raped Hannah . Clay provokes Bryce to attack him and is badly beaten . However , Clay has been secretly recording their conversation and gets Bryce to admit that he raped Hannah . An unknown teenager with a gunshot wound to the head is treated by paramedics . Tape subject : Bryce Walker , for raping Hannah in his hot tub . 13 `` Tape 7 , Side A '' Kyle Patrick Alvarez Brian Yorkey March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) Hannah begins to record the tapes and then visits Mr. Porter to tell him about her rape . Hannah secretly records the conversation , hoping he will help her . When he does not , she heads home and takes her own life by cutting her wrists and arms in a bathtub filled with water . In the present , Clay gives Tony the tape of his conversation with Bryce to copy . He confronts Mr. Porter about meeting with Hannah on her last day . He also hands over the tapes , including the additional tape containing Bryce 's confession . Clay tells Porter that he is the subject of the final tape . The depositions begin , Marcus and Courtney deny their involvement in Hannah 's death as much as possible . Zach and Jessica admit their mistakes . Before his deposition , Tyler hides ammunition and guns in his room , and then reveals the existence of the tapes during his interview . Alex is revealed to have been the teenager with the gunshot wound ; he is in critical condition at the hospital . Justin leaves town out of guilt , but not before telling Bryce about the tapes . Jessica finally tells her father about her rape . At school , Clay reaches out to Skye Miller , his former friend , to avoid repeating the same mistakes he made with Hannah . Tape subject : Mr. Porter , for not believing Hannah was suicidal and for not giving her proper help . Production Universal Studios purchased film rights to the novel on February 8 , 2011 , with Selena Gomez cast to play Hannah Baker . On October 29 , 2015 , it was announced that Netflix would be making a television adaptation of the book with Gomez instead serving as an executive producer . Tom McCarthy was hired to direct the first two episodes . The series is produced by Anonymous Content and Paramount Television with Gomez , McCarthy , Joy Gorman , Michael Sugar , Steve Golin , Mandy Teefey , and Kristel Laiblin serving as executive producers . Filming for the show took place in the Northern Californian towns of Vallejo , Benicia , San Rafael , Crockett and Sebastopol during the summer of 2016 . The first season and the special were released on Netflix on March 31 , 2017 . Therapy dogs were present on set for the actors because of the intense and emotional content of the series . On May 7 , 2017 , it was announced that Netflix had renewed the series for a second season . A short promo was released on various 13 Reasons Why social media accounts . Filming for the second season began on June 12 , 2017 , but was briefly halted in October in response to the then - ongoing California wildfires happening around the areas where the series was being filmed . Reception Audience viewership The marketing analytics firm Jumpshot determined the season was the second-most viewed Netflix season in the first 30 days after it premiered , garnering 48 % of the viewers that the second season of Daredevil received , which was the most viewed season according to Jumpshot . The series also showed an 18 % increase in week - over-week viewership from week one to week two . Jumpshot , which `` analyzes click - stream data from an online panel of more than 100 million consumers '' , looked at the viewing behavior and activity of the company 's U.S. members , factoring in the relative number of U.S. Netflix viewers who watched at least one episode of the season . Critical response The show has received positive reviews from critics , with much of the praise for the show has been directed at the cast 's performances , direction , story , visuals , improvements upon its source material , and mature approach to dark and adult subject matter . The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 82 % approval rating with an average rating of 7.2 / 10 based on 49 reviews . The website 's critical consensus reads , `` 13 Reasons Why complements its bestselling source material with a gripping look at adolescent grief whose narrative maturity belies its YA milieu . '' Metacritic , which uses a weighted average , assigned a score of 76 out of 100 , based on 17 critics , indicating generally favorable reviews . Jesse Schedeen of IGN praised 13 Reasons Why , giving it a 9.2 out of 10 , `` Amazing '' , stating that the show is `` a very powerful and hard - hitting series '' and `` ranks among the best high school dramas of the 21st century '' . Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe gave a glowing review for the show , saying , `` The drama is sensitive , consistently engaging , and , most importantly , unblinking . '' Maureen Ryan of Variety asserts that the show `` is undoubtedly sincere , but it 's also , in many important ways , creatively successful '' and called it `` simply essential viewing '' . Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly gave the entire season a score of B+ , calling the show `` a frank , authentically affecting portrait of what it feels like to be young , lost and too fragile for the world '' . Daniel Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter also praised the show , calling it `` an honorably mature piece of young - adult adaptation '' , calling its performances , direction , relevance and maturity as some of the show 's strongest points . The cast 's performances , particularly Katherine Langford as Hannah and Dylan Minnette as Clay , were frequently mentioned and widely lauded in several reviews . Schedeen of IGN praised the cast , particularly Minnette and Langford 's performances , stating : `` Langford shines in the lead role ... ( and ) embodies that optimism and that profound sadness ( of Hannah 's ) as well . Minnette 's Clay is , by design , a much more stoic and reserved character ... and does a fine job in what 's often a difficult role . '' Gilbert of The Boston Globe praised the chemistry of Langford and Minnette , saying that `` watching these two young actors together is pure pleasure '' , while Schedeen of IGN also agreed , saying that they are `` often at their best together , channeling just the right sort of warm but awkward chemistry you 'd expect from two teens who ca n't quite admit to their feelings for one another '' . Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter also praises both actors : `` Langford 's heartbreaking openness makes you root for a fate you know is n't possible . The actress ' performance is full of dynamic range , setting it against Minnette 's often more complicated task in differentiating between moods that mostly go from uncomfortable to gloomy to red - eyed , hygiene - starved despair . '' Ryan of Variety also gave praise to not only the two leads , but also the supporting cast of actors , particularly Kate Walsh 's performance as Hannah 's mother , whom Ryan describes as `` career - best work '' . Positive mentions from various critics , such as Ryan , Feinberg and Schedeen , were also given to the supporting cast of actors ( most particularly Alisha Boe , Miles Heizer and Christian Navarro 's respective performances of Jessica , Alex and Tony ) . Liz Shannon Miller of Indiewire , who enjoyed the show and gave it a glowing score of B+ , gave praise to the racial , gender and complex diversity of its supporting cast of teens . Another aspect frequently mentioned within several reviews was the show 's mature and emotional approach to dark and adult subject matter depicted in the show . This was positively reviewed by critics , such as Miller of Indiewire , who gave it a positive review of the season , particularly her mentions that `` the adult edges to this story ring with honesty and truth '' , but also states that this makes the show difficult to watch at times . Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter also states that the show is very difficult to watch at times , while Schedeen of IGN states that the show is `` an often depressing and even uncomfortable show to watch ... a pretty emotionally draining experience , particularly towards the end as the pieces really start to fall into place '' . Numerous critics also praised several aspects of the show . Feinberg praised the show 's directors , saying : `` A Sundance - friendly gallery of directors including Tom McCarthy , Gregg Araki and Carl Franklin keeps the performances grounded and the extremes from feeling exploitative '' , while Gilbert of The Boston Globe praised the storytelling : `` The storytelling techniques are powerful ... ( as it ) builds on the world established in the previous hour , as we continually encounter new facets of Hannah 's life and new characters . The background on the show keeps getting deeper , richer . '' Conversely , the series has also received criticism over its portrayal of teen angst . Mike Hale of The New York Times wrote a critical review , writing , `` the show does n't make ( Hannah 's ) downward progress convincing . It too often feels artificial , like a very long public service announcement . '' He also criticized the plot device that has Clay listening to the tapes one by one instead of all in one sitting like the other teens did , which Hale felt was unbelievable : `` It makes no sense as anything but a plot device , and you 'll find yourself , like Clay 's antagonists , yelling at him to listen to the rest of tapes already . '' Writing for The Guardian , Rebecca Nicholson praised some aspects of the show , including the performances from Minnette and Walsh , but was troubled by much of the plot , writing , `` a storyline that suggests the love of a sweet boy might have sorted all this out added to an uneasy feeling that stayed with me '' . Nicholson was skeptical that the show would appeal to older viewers , unlike other series set in high school such as Freaks and Geeks and My So - Called Life : `` It lacks the crossover wit of its forebears ... It 's too tied up in conveying the message that terrible behaviour can have horrible consequences to deal in any subtleties or shades of feeling . It 's largely one - note -- and that note is horrifying . ' It has to get better , ' implores one student towards the end , but given its fairly open ending , an apparent season two setup , it does not seem as if there 's much chance of that happening . '' Washington Post television critic Hank Stuever wrote a negative review , finding 13 Reasons Why `` contrived '' and implausible : `` There are 13 episodes lasting 13 super-sullen hours -- a passive - aggressive , implausibly meandering , poorly written and awkwardly acted effort that is mainly about miscommunication , delivering no more wisdom or insight about depression , bullying and suicide than one of those old ABC Afterschool Specials people now mock for being so corny . '' He also wrote that he found Hannah 's suicide tapes `` a protracted example of the teenager who fantasizes how everyone will react when she 's gone . The story ... strikes me as remarkably , even dangerously , naive in its understanding of suicide , up to and including a gruesome , penultimate scene of Hannah opening her wrists in a bathtub . '' David Wiegand of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the series a tepid review , saying that it was plagued by character inconsistencies , particularly Hannah . He praised Langford 's `` stunning performance '' but noted , `` There are times when we simply do n't believe the characters , when what they do or say is n't consistent with who we 've been led to believe they are ... At times , ( Hannah ) is self - possessed and indifferent at best to the behavior of the popular kids . At other times , though , relatively minor misperceived slights seem to send her into an emotional tailspin . No doubt , teenagers embody a constant whirl of conflicting emotions , but the script pushes the bounds of credibility here and there . '' He noted that overall , the series worked : `` The structure is gimmicky and the characters inconsistent , but there are still at least 13 Reasons Why the series is worthy . '' Social impact Rowan University 's Counseling and Psychological Services office mocked the show with a campaign challenging students to come up with 1300 reasons not to commit suicide . The expressions of hope were hung in windows alongside mental health contact information . The series has generated controversy over its portrayal of suicide and self - harm , causing Netflix to add strong advisory warnings prior to the first , twelfth , and thirteenth episodes . School psychologists and educators raised alarm about the series . The superintendent of Palm Beach County , Florida schools reportedly told parents that their schools had seen an increase in suicidal and self - harm behavior from students , and that some of those students `` have articulated associations of their at - risk behavior to the 13 Reasons Why Netflix series '' . The Australian youth mental health service for 12 -- 25 year - olds , Headspace , issued a warning in late April 2017 over the graphic content featured in the series due to the increased number of calls to the service following the show 's release in the country . In response to the graphic nature of the show and New Zealand 's high youth suicide rate , which was the highest among the 34 OECD countries during 2009 to 2012 , the Office of Film & Literature Classification in the country created a new rating , `` RP18 '' , allowing individuals aged 18 and over to watch the series alone and those below having to watch it with supervision from a parent or guardian . `` We stayed very true to the book and that 's initially what ( author ) Jay Asher created was a beautifully tragic , complicated yet suspenseful story and I think that 's what we wanted to do ... We wanted to do it justice and , yeah , ( the backlash is ) gon na come no matter what . It 's not an easy subject to talk about , but I 'm very fortunate with how it 's doing . '' -- Executive producer Selena Gomez , in defense of the controversy surrounding the series In April 2017 , the National Association of School Psychologists ( NASP ) in the United States released a statement regarding the series , saying : `` Research shows that exposure to another person 's suicide , or to graphic or sensationalized accounts of death , can be one of the many risk factors that youth struggling with mental health conditions cite as a reason they contemplate or attempt suicide . '' NASP sent a letter to school mental health professionals across the country about the series , reportedly a first for NASP in response to a television show . The following month , the United States Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology ( SCCAP ) released a statement also noting how strongly the show may serve as a trigger for self - injury among vulnerable youth and lamented the depiction of mental health professionals as ineffective for youth who have experienced trauma and may have been considering suicide . The statement implored Netflix to add a tag following each episode with mental health resources and a reminder that depression and suicide can be effectively treated by a qualified mental health professional such as a clinical child psychologist using evidence - based practice . Similarly , clinical psychologists such as Daniel J. Reidenberg and Erika Martinez , as well as mental health advocate MollyKate Cline of Teen Vogue magazine , have expressed concerns regarding the risk of suicide contagion . However , Eric Beeson , a counselor at The Family Institute at Northwestern University noted that `` it 's unlikely that one show alone could trigger someone to attempt suicide . '' Mental health professionals have also criticized the series ' depiction of suicide itself , much of which violates widely promulgated recommendations for reporting on actual suicides or not depicting them in fiction in order to not encourage copycat suicides . The season finale , which depicts Hannah 's suicide in graphic detail , has been particularly criticized in this regard . Nic Sheff , a writer for the show , has defended it as intended to dispel the myth that suicides `` quietly drift off '' , and recalled how he himself was deterred from a suicide attempt by recalling a survivor 's account of how painful and horrifying it was . The NASP statement also criticized the show 's suggestion that bullying alone led Hannah to take her life , noting that while it may be a contributing factor , suicidal ideations far more often result from the bullied person having a treatable mental illness without adequate coping mechanisms . Alex Moen , a school counselor in Minneapolis , took issue with the show 's entire plotline as `` ... essentially a fantasy of what someone who is considering suicide might have -- that once you commit suicide , you can still communicate with your loved ones , and people will suddenly realize everything that you were going through and the depth of your pain ... That the cute , sensitive boy will fall in love with you and seek justice for you , and you 'll be able to orchestrate it , and in so doing kind of still be able to live . '' Other counselors criticized the depiction of Hannah 's attempt to reach out to Mr. Porter as dangerously misleading , since not only does he miss obvious signs of her suicidal ideations , but says he can not report her sexual assault to the police without her identifying the assailant . School counselors are often portrayed as ineffective or clueless in popular culture , Moen says , but Porter 's behavior in the series goes beyond that to being unethical and possibly illegal . `` It 's ridiculous ! Counselors are not police . We do n't have to launch an investigation . We bring whatever information we do have to the police '' , she told Slate . In May 2017 , the Canadian Mental Health Association ( CMHA ) along with the Centre for Suicide Prevention ( CSP ) released a statement of similar concerns to the ones raised by NASP . CMHA indicated concern that the series may glamorize suicide , and that some content may lead to distress in viewers , and , particularly , in younger viewers . Furthermore , the portrayal of Hannah 's suicide does not follow the media guidelines as set out by the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention ( CASP ) and the American Association of Suicidology . While CMHA and CASP praised the show for raising awareness about `` ... this preventable health concern , '' adding that , `` Raising awareness needs to be done in a safe and responsible manner . A large and growing body of Canadian and international research has found clear links between increases in suicide rates and harmful media portrayals of suicide . '' Ways in which the portrayals of suicide may cause harm , according to CMHA and CASP , include the following : `` They may simplify suicide , such as , by suggesting that bullying alone is the cause ; they may make suicide seem romantic , such as , by putting it in the context of a Hollywood plot line ; they may portray suicide as a logical or viable option ; they may display graphic representations of suicide which may be harmful to viewers , especially young ones ; and / or they may advance the false notion that suicides are a way to teach others a lesson . '' One study found the release of 13 Reasons Why corresponded with between 900,000 and 1,500,000 more suicide related searches in the United States , including a 26 % increase in searches for `` how to commit suicide , '' an 18 % increase for `` commit suicide , '' and a 9 % increase for `` how to kill yourself . '' A review , however , found that it is unclear if searching for information about suicide on the Internet relates to the risk of suicide . Accolades Year Award Nominee ( s ) Result Ref . 2018 Golden Globe Awards Best Actress -- Television Series Drama Katherine Langford Nominated Guild of Music Supervisors Awards Best Music Supervision in a Television Drama Season Kent Won NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series Carl Franklin for `` Tape 5 , Side B '' Won Satellite Awards Best Actress in a Drama / Genre Series Katherine Langford Nominated Best Drama Series 13 Reasons Why Nominated Notes Jump up ^ While there are 35 OECD countries , figures for 2009 -- 2012 exclude Latvia , which became a member country on July 1 , 2016 . References Jump up ^ `` 13 Reasons Why '' . instantwatcher.com . Archived from the original on April 3 , 2017 . Retrieved April 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( February 26 , 2016 ) . `` Diana Son Joins Selena Gomez 's Netflix Series ' 13 Reasons Why ' As Showrunner '' . Deadline . Archived from the original on September 17 , 2016 . Retrieved September 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` ' 13 Reasons Why ' Renewed for a Second Season at Netflix '' . Variety . May 7 , 2017 . Archived from the original on May 7 , 2017 . Retrieved May 7 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( June 8 , 2016 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons Why ' Netflix Series : Dylan Minnette & Katherine Langford Lead Cast '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on September 14 , 2016 . Retrieved September 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Petski , Denise ( June 23 , 2016 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons Why ' Casts Amy Hargreaves ; Frances Conroy In ' The Mist ' '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on October 1 , 2016 . Retrieved September 16 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( June 10 , 2016 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons Why ' : Kate Walsh To Co-Star In Netflix Series , Derek Luke Also Cast '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on September 17 , 2016 . Retrieved September 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` ' Spotlight 's Brian d'Arcy James Cast In Netflix Series ' 13 Reasons Why ' , Joins TNT Pilot ' Civil ' '' . Deadline.com . June 15 , 2016 . Archived from the original on September 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Chou , Jessica ( September 23 , 2017 ) . `` Giorgia Whigham On Her Role In Pinky , Bullying & Mean Girls '' . Refinery29 . Retrieved February 27 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Petski , Denise ( August 10 , 2017 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons Why ' : Jake Weber , Brenda Strong , Meredith Monroe & RJ Brown Join Season 2 Cast '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on August 21 , 2017 . Retrieved August 21 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Wagmeister , Elizabeth ( August 8 , 2017 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons Why ' Adds Seven New Actors for Season 2 '' . Variety . Archived from the original on August 21 , 2017 . Retrieved August 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Horne , Shontel ( April 3 , 2018 ) . `` Meet the Latest 13 Reasons Why Cast Member , Samantha Logan '' . PopSugar . Retrieved April 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Schwartz , Terri ( February 9 , 2011 ) . `` Selena Gomez To Star In ' 13 Reasons Why ' : Movie , adapted from Jay Asher 's young adult novel , looks back at a girl 's reasons for committing suicide '' . MTV News . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2012 . Retrieved April 11 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Netflix Gives Selena Gomez 's ' 13 Reasons Why ' Straight - To - Series Order '' . Deadline . Archived from the original on October 30 , 2015 . Retrieved October 29 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( February 25 , 2016 ) . `` Spotlight 's Tom McCarthy To Direct & Produce Selena Gomez 's Netflix Series ' 13 Reasons Why ' From Paramount TV '' . Deadline . Archived from the original on July 11 , 2016 . Retrieved July 19 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Mara , Janis ( June 23 , 2016 ) . `` Marin Netflix series shoot brings economic benefits '' . Marin Independent Journal . Archived from the original on April 4 , 2017 . Retrieved April 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Mara , Janis ( June 24 , 2016 ) . `` Selena Gomez - produced Netflix series shooting in Marin brings economic benefits '' . The Mercury News . Archived from the original on February 11 , 2017 . Retrieved February 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Petski , Denise ( January 25 , 2017 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons Why Gets Netflix Premiere Date '' . Deadline . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2017 . Retrieved April 1 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Keaney , Quinn ( April 7 , 2017 ) . `` How Netflix 's 13 Reasons Why Is the Most Important YA Adaptation Yet '' . PopSugar Celebrity UK . Archived from the original on April 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 13 Reasons Why Renewed for Season 2 By Netflix '' . E ! Online . Archived from the original on May 7 , 2017 . Retrieved May 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Fuller , Becky ( June 12 , 2017 ) . `` 13 Reasons Why Season 2 Begins Filming '' . Screen Rant . Retrieved December 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ http://deadline.com/2017/10/13-reasons-why-production-shut-down-wildfires-northern-california-1202185999/ Jump up ^ Spangler , Todd ( August 18 , 2017 ) . `` Netflix 's ' Marvel 's The Defenders ' Poised for Binge - Viewing Pop , Data Indicates '' . Variety . Archived from the original on August 19 , 2017 . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 13 Reasons Why : Season 1 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango . Archived from the original on April 1 , 2017 . Retrieved April 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 13 Reasons Why : Season 1 reviews '' . Metacritic . Archived from the original on April 6 , 2017 . Retrieved April 4 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Schedeen , Jesse ( April 5 , 2017 ) . `` 13 Reasons Why : Season 1 Review '' . IGN . Archived from the original on April 6 , 2017 . Retrieved April 6 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Gilbert , Matthew ( March 29 , 2017 ) . `` '' Yes , ' 13 Reasons Why ' is for young adults . It 's still very good. `` '' . The Boston Globe . Archived from the original on April 7 , 2017 . Retrieved April 6 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Ryan , Maureen ( March 21 , 2017 ) . `` TV Review : ' 13 Reasons Why ' on Netflix '' . Variety . Archived from the original on April 7 , 2017 . Retrieved April 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Greenblatt , Leah ( March 22 , 2017 ) . `` 13 Reasons Why : EW review '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 8 , 2017 . Retrieved April 7 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Fienberg , Daniel ( March 27 , 2017 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons Why ' : TV review '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 8 , 2017 . Retrieved April 8 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Miller , Liz Shannon ( March 31 , 2017 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons Why ' review : Netflix brings a brutally adult edge to a tale of teen suicide '' . Indiewire . Archived from the original on April 10 , 2017 . Retrieved April 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Hale , Mike ( March 30 , 2017 ) . `` Review : ' 13 Reasons Why ' She Killed Herself , Drawn Out on Netflix '' . The New York Times . Archived from the original on April 10 , 2017 . Retrieved April 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Nicholson , Rebecca ( March 31 , 2017 ) . `` 13 Reasons Why review -- sex , drugs and mixtapes in Netflix 's high - school horror show '' . The Guardian . Archived from the original on April 11 , 2017 . Retrieved April 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Stuever , Hank ( March 30 , 2017 ) . `` ' Thirteen Reasons Why ' shows how adults can really mess up teen angst '' . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on April 12 , 2017 . Retrieved April 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Wiegand , David ( March 29 , 2017 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons ' why Netflix drama works despite gimmickry '' . SFGate . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2017 . Retrieved April 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Baratti , Nina ( Oct 10 , 2017 ) . `` Rowan Students , Faculty Share ' 1,300 Reasons to Live ' '' . SJN Today . Jump up ^ Balingit , Moriah ( May 2 , 2017 ) . `` Educators and school psychologists raise alarms about ' 13 Reasons Why ' '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved May 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 13 Reasons Why : Headspace issues warning over new Netflix show '' . Community Newspaper Group . April 18 , 2017 . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2017 . Retrieved April 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Netflix series 13 Reasons Why under fire from mental health experts '' . news.com.au . Archived from the original on April 18 , 2017 . Retrieved April 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` headspace : dangerous content in 13 Reasons Why '' . headspace.org.au . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2017 . Retrieved April 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` List of OECD Member countries -- Ratification of the Convention on the OECD '' . Oecd.org . Archived from the original on November 23 , 2015 . Retrieved April 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Social Report 2016 -- Te pūrongo oranga tangata '' . Ministry of Social Development -- New Zealand Government . Archived from the original on April 6 , 2017 . Retrieved April 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Mconnell , Glenn . `` The highest rate of teen suicide in the developed world '' . Stuff.co.nz . Retrieved April 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` New Zealand teens can only watch Netflix show 13 Reasons Why with their parents '' . BBC . Archived from the original on April 27 , 2017 . Retrieved April 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 13 Reasons Why : Censors make new RP18 rating for controversial Netflix show '' . stuff.co.nz . Retrieved April 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Roberts , Kayleigh . `` Selena Gomez Responds to the ' 13 Reasons Why ' Backlash '' . Elle . Archived from the original on April 30 , 2017 . Retrieved April 29 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Howard , Jacqueline . `` Why teen mental health experts are focused on ' 13 Reasons Why ' '' . CNN . Archived from the original on April 26 , 2017 . Retrieved April 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Blistein , Jon ( May 2 , 2017 ) . `` Netflix Adds More Advisory Warnings to ' 13 Reasons Why ' '' . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on May 3 , 2017 . Retrieved May 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Division 53 SCCAP Statement on 13 Reasons Why '' . clinicalchildpsychology.org . Retrieved May 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ MollyKate , Cline . `` Why ' 13 Reasons Why ' Can Be Triggering for People Coping With Mental Illness '' . Teen Vogue . Archived from the original on April 26 , 2017 . Retrieved April 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Miller , Korin ( April 13 , 2017 ) . `` 13 Reasons Why Is Not the Force for Mental Health Awareness People Say It Is '' . Self . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2017 . Retrieved April 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Thorbecke , Catherine ( April 18 , 2017 ) . `` ' 13 Reasons Why ' faces backlash from suicide prevention advocacy group '' . ABC News . Archived from the original on April 24 , 2017 . Retrieved April 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Recommendations -- Reporting on Suicide '' . Archived from the original on April 8 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Martinelli , Marissa ( May 1 , 2017 ) . `` 13 Reasons Why 's Controversial Depiction of Teen Suicide Has School Counselors Picking Up the Pieces '' . Slate . Archived from the original on May 2 , 2017 . Retrieved May 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Sheff , Nic ( April 13 , 2017 ) . `` 13 Reasons Why Writer : Why We Did n't Shy Away from Hannah 's Suicide '' . Vanity Fair . Retrieved May 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` CMHA National Statement Responding to Netflix Series : 13 Reasons Why -- Canadian Mental Health Association '' . Archived from the original on May 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ National Association of School Psychologists. ( 2017 ) . 13 Reasons Why Netflix series : Considerations for educators ( handout ) . Bethesda , MD : Author . at nasponline.org Archived June 6 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Accessed May 8 , 2017 Jump up ^ Ayers , John W. ; Althouse , Benjamin M. ; Leas , Eric C. ; Dredze , Mark ; Allem , Jon - Patrick ( 2017 ) . `` Internet Searches for Suicide Following the Release of 13 Reasons Why '' . JAMA Internal Medicine . 177 ( 10 ) : 1527 -- 1529 . doi : 10.1001 / jamainternmed. 2017.3333 . Jump up ^ Mok , K ; Jorm , AF ; Pirkis , J ( August 2015 ) . `` Suicide - related Internet use : A review '' . The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry. 49 ( 8 ) : 697 -- 705 . doi : 10.1177 / 0004867415569797 . PMID 25698810 . Jump up ^ `` Golden Globes Winners : Complete List '' . Variety . January 7 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 8 , 2018 . Retrieved January 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Sufjan Stevens , ' Greatest Showman , ' ' Girls ' Among Guild of Music Supervisors Awards Nominees '' . Variety . January 11 , 2018 . Retrieved January 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ THR Staff ( 20 November 2017 ) . `` NAACP Image Awards : ' Marshall , ' ' Get Out , ' ' Girls Trip ' Dominate Film Nominations '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 20 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Pond , Steve ( November 28 , 2017 ) . `` ' Dunkirk , ' ' The Shape of Water ' Lead Satellite Award Nominations '' . TheWrap . Retrieved November 29 , 2017 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to 13 Reasons Why . 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List of European countries by area - wikipedia List of European countries by area Jump to : navigation , search It has been suggested that this article be merged with List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe . ( Discuss ) Proposed since December 2017 . This article duplicates the scope of other articles . Please discuss this issue on the talk page and edit it to conform with Wikipedia 's Manual of Style . ( December 2017 ) Below is a list of all countries in Europe , in order of geographical area . Europe 's total geographical area is 10,288,305 km2 . * -- Note : some countries are transcontinental , meaning , they are only partially located in Europe . Those are ranked according to the size of their parts within Europe only . The list includes only sovereign states . Therefore , for example the United Kingdom is included in place of the four individual home nations . Rank Country Area ( km2 ) Notes Russia * 3,972,400 17,098,242 including North Asia Ukraine 603,628 - France 551,394 643,801 when the overseas departments are included Spain 498,468 505,992 when the Canary Islands , Ceuta and Melilla are included Sweden 449,964 6 Norway 385,178 This includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen 7 Germany 357,168 8 Finland 338,145 9 Poland 312,685 10 Italy 301,338 11 United Kingdom 248,532 1,976,102 when the British Overseas Territories are included . 12 Romania 238,392 13 Belarus 207,600 14 Kazakhstan * 180,000 ( est . ) 2,724,902 including Asian part 15 Greece 131,940 16 Bulgaria 110,994 17 Iceland 102,775 18 Hungary 93,030 19 Portugal 91,568 20 Austria 83,858 21 Czech Republic 78,866 22 Serbia 77,453 This excludes Kosovo 23 Ireland 70,273 24 Lithuania 65,300 25 Latvia 64,589 26 Croatia 56,594 27 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51,129 28 Slovakia 49,036 29 Estonia 45,339 30 Denmark 44,493 This includes Faroe Islands ; 2,210,579 including Greenland 31 Switzerland 41,290 32 Netherlands 41,198 Excluding Caribbean Netherlands , Aruba , Curacao and Sint Maarten . 33 Moldova 33,846 34 Belgium 30,510 35 Albania 28,748 36 Macedonia 25,713 37 Turkey * 23,507 783,562 including Asian part 38 Slovenia 20,273 39 Montenegro 13,812 40 Kosovo 10,908 Partially recognized state 41 Azerbaijan * 6,960 86,600 including Asian part 42 Luxembourg 2,586 43 Georgia * 2,428 69,700 including Asian part 44 Andorra 468 45 Malta 316 46 Liechtenstein 160 47 San Marino 61 48 Monaco 1.95 49 Vatican City 0.44 Total 10,141,183 ± 5,000 A bar graph with logarithmic scale , showing the sizes in three categories : Purple = Russia , Green = countries with European area bigger than 10,000 km2 , Red = countries with European area smaller than 10,000 km2 Definition ( edit ) Europe and Asia are contiguous with each other and thus the exact boundary between them is not clearly defined , and often follows historical , political , and cultural definitions rather than geographical . This list uses the modern geographical definition thus excluding Armenia , Georgia and Cyprus , which are sometimes also considered part of Europe , the two Caucasus nations for political and cultural reasons , and Cyprus because all larger islands in the Mediterranean have historically been considered European , regardless of their proximity to the European mainland . Alb . Andorra Austria Azer . Belarus Belg . Bosnia Bulgaria Channel Is. ( UK ) Croatia Cz . Rep . Denmark Estonia Finland France Gib . ( UK ) Germany Georgia Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy IoM ( UK ) S. Mar . Kazakhstan Kos . Latvia Liech . Lithuania Lux . Mac . Malta Moldova Mon . Mont . Nether . Norway Svalbard ( Nor ) Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slo . Spain Sweden Switz - erland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Far . ( Dk ) Vat . Armenia Cyprus Greenland ( Dk ) Adr - iatic Sea Arctic Ocean Baltic Sea Aegean Sea Barents Sea Bay of Biscay Black Sea Caspian Sea Celtic Sea Greenland Sea Baffin Bay Gulf of Cádiz Ligurian Sea Mediterranean Sea North Atlantic Ocean North Sea Norwegian Sea Strait of Gibraltar Clickable map of Europe , showing one of the most commonly used continental boundaries Key : blue : states which straddle the border between Europe and Asia ; green : countries not geographically in Europe , but closely associated with the continent See also ( edit ) List of African countries by area List of Asian countries by area List of Oceanian countries by area List of South American countries by area References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Updated land cover figures '' . ssb.no . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 21 . Jump up ^ The map shows one of the most commonly accepted delineations of the geographical boundaries of Europe , as used by National Geographic and Encyclopædia Britannica . Whether countries are considered in Europe or Asia can vary in sources , for example in the classification of the CIA World Factbook or that of the BBC . Note also that certain countries in Europe , such as France , have territories lying geographically outside Europe , but which are nevertheless considered integral parts of that country . 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Tug of war at the Summer Olympics - wikipedia Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Jump to : navigation , search Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Governing body TWIF Events 1 ( men ) Games 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 2000 2008 2012 2016 2020 Medalists Tug of war competition in 1904 Summer Olympics Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920 . Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs . A country could enter more than one club in the competition , making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals . This happened in 1904 , when the United States won all three medals , and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams . Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals , one as a member of the mixed team . During its time as an Olympic sport , it was considered to be part of the Olympic athletics programme , although the sports of tug of war and athletics are now considered distinct . Contents ( hide ) 1 Medal table 2 Nations 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Medal table ( edit ) Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total Great Britain ( GBR ) 5 United States ( USA ) Sweden ( SWE ) 0 0 Mixed team ( ZZX ) 0 0 5 France ( FRA ) 0 0 Netherlands ( NED ) 0 0 7 Belgium ( BEL ) 0 0 Total 5 5 13 Nations ( edit ) Teams consisted of 6 members in 1900 ( Denmark and Sweden competed together ) , 5 members in 1904 , and 8 members in the last three appearances of the sport . Nation 00 04 08 12 20 Belgium 8 Denmark France 6 Great Britain 24 8 8 Greece 5 Italy 8 Netherlands 8 South Africa 5 Sweden 8 8 United States 20 8 8 No. of nations 5 No. of pullers 12 30 40 16 40 See also ( edit ) List of Olympic venues in discontinued events References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Olympic Results , Gold Medalists and Official Records '' . olympic.org. 23 February 2017 . Retrieved 23 April 2018 . Jump up ^ Past Olympic Sports . Olympics / IOC . Retrieved on 2010 - 08 - 30 . External links ( edit ) Tug of war at the Summer Olympics 1896 1900 1904 1906 ( Intercalated ) 1908 1912 1920 List of medalists List of venues Sports at the Olympic Games Summer sports Archery Athletics Badminton Basketball Boxing Canoeing Cycling Diving Equestrian Fencing Field hockey Football Golf Gymnastics Handball Judo Modern pentathlon Rowing Rugby sevens Sailing Shooting Swimming Synchronized swimming Table tennis Taekwondo Tennis Triathlon Volleyball Beach volleyball Water polo Weightlifting Wrestling Winter sports Alpine skiing Biathlon Bobsleigh Cross-country skiing Curling Figure skating Freestyle skiing Ice hockey Luge Nordic combined Short track speed skating Skeleton Ski jumping Snowboarding Speed skating Future sports ( 2020 ) Baseball Softball Karate Skateboarding Sport climbing Surfing Past sports Basque pelota Cricket Croquet Jeu de paume Lacrosse Military patrol Polo Rackets Roque Rugby union ( 15 - a-side ) Tug of war Water motorsports Demonstration sports American football Australian football Bandy Bowling Budo Disabled skiing Gliding Glima Ice stock sport Korfball La canne Pesäpallo Roller hockey Savate Skijoring Sled dog racing Speed skiing Water skiing Winter pentathlon Unofficial sports Angling Art competitions Ballooning Boules Cannon shooting Cycle polo Fire fighting Gaelic football Hurling Kaatsen Kite flying Life saving Longue paume Motor racing Motorcycle racing Pigeon racing Wushu See also : Paralympic sports Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tug_of_war_at_the_Summer_Olympics&oldid=837795037 '' Categories : Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Discontinued sports at the Summer Olympics Tug of war at multi-sport events Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Français Frysk 한국어 Italiano עברית Magyar Македонски मराठी Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska Українська 中文 14 more Edit links This page was last edited on 23 April 2018 , at 02 : 33 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when was the last time tug-of-war was an official olympic sport