Disease - Wikipedia Disease This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 20 April 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Disease ( disambiguation ) . Scanning electron micrograph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , a bacterium that causes tuberculosis A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in a living organism that is not due to any external injury . The study of disease is called pathology , which includes the study of cause . Disease is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs . It may be caused by external factors such as pathogens or by internal dysfunctions , particularly of the immune system , such as an immunodeficiency , or by a hypersensitivity , including allergies and autoimmunity . When caused by pathogens ( e.g. malaria by Plasmodium ssp . ) , the term disease is often misleadingly used even in the scientific literature in place of its causal agent , the pathogen . This language habit can cause confusion in the communication of the cause - effect principle in epidemiology , and as such it should be strongly discouraged . In humans , disease is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain , dysfunction , distress , social problems , or death to the person afflicted , or similar problems for those in contact with the person . In this broader sense , it sometimes includes injuries , disabilities , disorders , syndromes , infections , isolated symptoms , deviant behaviors , and atypical variations of structure and function , while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories . Diseases can affect people not only physically , but also emotionally , as contracting and living with a disease can alter the affected person 's perspective on life . Death due to disease is called death by natural causes . There are four main types of disease : infectious diseases , deficiency diseases , genetic diseases ( both hereditary and non-hereditary ) , and physiological diseases . Diseases can also be classified as communicable and non-communicable . The deadliest diseases in humans are coronary artery disease ( blood flow obstruction ) , followed by cerebrovascular disease and lower respiratory infections . Contents ( hide ) 1 Terminology 1.1 Concepts 1.2 Types by body system 1.3 Stages 1.4 Extent 2 Classifications 3 Causes 3.1 Types of causes 4 Prevention 5 Treatments 6 Epidemiology 6.1 Burdens of disease 7 Society and culture 7.1 Language of disease 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Terminology ( edit ) Concepts ( edit ) In many cases , terms such as disease , disorder , morbidity , sickness and illness are used interchangeably . There are situations , however , when specific terms are considered preferable . Disease The term disease broadly refers to any condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body . For this reason , diseases are associated with dysfunctioning of the body 's normal homeostatic processes . The term disease has both a count sense ( a disease , two diseases , many diseases ) and a noncount sense ( not much disease , less disease , a lot of disease ) . Commonly , the term is used to refer specifically to infectious diseases , which are clinically evident diseases that result from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents , including viruses , bacteria , fungi , protozoa , multicellular organisms , and aberrant proteins known as prions . An infection that does not and will not produce clinically evident impairment of normal functioning , such as the presence of the normal bacteria and yeasts in the gut , or of a passenger virus , is not considered a disease . By contrast , an infection that is asymptomatic during its incubation period , but expected to produce symptoms later , is usually considered a disease . Non-infectious diseases are all other diseases , including most forms of cancer , heart disease , and genetic disease . Acquired disease disease that began at some point during one 's lifetime , as opposed to disease that was already present at birth , which is congenital disease . `` Acquired '' sounds like it could mean `` caught via contagion '' , but it simply means acquired sometime after birth . It also sounds like it could imply secondary disease , but acquired disease can be primary disease . Acute disease disease of a short - term nature ( acute ) ; the term sometimes also connotes a fulminant nature Chronic disease disease that is a long - term issue ( chronic ) Congenital disease disease that is present at birth . It is often , genetic and can be inherited . It can also be the result of a vertically transmitted infection from the mother such as HIV / AIDS . Genetic disease disease that is caused by genetic mutation . It is often inherited , but some mutations are random and de novo . Hereditary or inherited disease a type of genetic disease caused by mutation that is hereditary ( and can run in families ) Iatrogenic disease A disease condition caused by medical intervention . Idiopathic disease disease whose cause is unknown . As medical science has advanced , many diseases whose causes were formerly complete mysteries have been somewhat explained ( for example , when it was realized that autoimmunity is the cause of some forms of diabetes mellitus type 1 , even if we do not yet understand every molecular detail involved ) or even extensively explained ( for example , when it was realized that gastric ulcers are often associated with Helicobacter pylori infection ) . Incurable disease disease that can not be cured Primary disease disease that came about as a root cause of illness , as opposed to secondary disease , which is a sequela of another disease Secondary disease disease that is a sequela or complication of some other disease or underlying cause ( root cause ) . Bacterial infections can be either primary ( healthy but then bacteria arrived ) or secondary to a viral infection or burn , which predisposed by creating an open wound or weakened immunity ( bacteria would not have gotten established otherwise ) . Terminal disease disease with death as an inevitable result Illness Illness is generally used as a synonym for disease . However , this term is occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient 's personal experience of his or her disease . In this model , it is possible for a person to have a disease without being ill ( to have an objectively definable , but asymptomatic , medical condition , such as a subclinical infection ) , and to be ill without being diseased ( such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition , or medicalizes a non-disease situation in his or her life -- for example , a person who feels unwell as a result of embarrassment , and who interprets those feelings as sickness rather than normal emotions ) . Symptoms of illness are often not directly the result of infection , but a collection of evolved responses -- sickness behavior by the body -- that helps clear infection . Such aspects of illness can include lethargy , depression , loss of appetite , sleepiness , hyperalgesia , and inability to concentrate . Disorder In medicine , a disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance . Medical disorders can be categorized into mental disorders , physical disorders , genetic disorders , emotional and behavioral disorders , and functional disorders . The term disorder is often considered more value - neutral and less stigmatizing than the terms disease or illness , and therefore is a preferred terminology in some circumstances . In mental health , the term mental disorder is used as a way of acknowledging the complex interaction of biological , social , and psychological factors in psychiatric conditions . However , the term disorder is also used in many other areas of medicine , primarily to identify physical disorders that are not caused by infectious organisms , such as metabolic disorders . Medical condition A medical condition is a broad term that includes all diseases , lesions , disorders , or nonpathologic condition that normally receives medical treatment , such as pregnancy or childbirth . While the term medical condition generally includes mental illnesses , in some contexts the term is used specifically to denote any illness , injury , or disease except for mental illnesses . The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) , the widely used psychiatric manual that defines all mental disorders , uses the term general medical condition to refer to all diseases , illnesses , and injuries except for mental disorders . This usage is also commonly seen in the psychiatric literature . Some health insurance policies also define a medical condition as any illness , injury , or disease except for psychiatric illnesses . As it is more value - neutral than terms like disease , the term medical condition is sometimes preferred by people with health issues that they do not consider deleterious . On the other hand , by emphasizing the medical nature of the condition , this term is sometimes rejected , such as by proponents of the autism rights movement . The term medical condition is also a synonym for medical state , in which case it describes an individual patient 's current state from a medical standpoint . This usage appears in statements that describe a patient as being in critical condition , for example . Morbidity Morbidity ( from Latin morbidus , meaning ' sick , unhealthy ' ) is a diseased state , disability , or poor health due to any cause . The term may be used to refer to the existence of any form of disease , or to the degree that the health condition affects the patient . Among severely ill patients , the level of morbidity is often measured by ICU scoring systems . Comorbidity is the simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions , such as schizophrenia and substance abuse . In epidemiology and actuarial science , the term `` morbidity rate '' can refer to either the incidence rate , or the prevalence of a disease or medical condition . This measure of sickness is contrasted with the mortality rate of a condition , which is the proportion of people dying during a given time interval . Morbidity rates are used in actuarial professions , such as health insurance , life insurance and long - term care insurance , to determine the correct premiums to charge to customers . Morbidity rates help insurers predict the likelihood that an insured will contract or develop any number of specified diseases . Pathosis or pathology Pathosis ( plural pathoses ) is synonymous with disease . The word pathology also has this sense , in which it is commonly used by physicians in the medical literature , although some editors prefer to reserve pathology to its other senses . Sometimes a slight connotative shade causes preference for pathology or pathosis implying `` some ( as yet poorly analyzed ) pathophysiologic process '' rather than disease implying `` a specific disease entity as defined by diagnostic criteria being already met '' . This is hard to quantify denotatively , but it explains why cognitive synonymy is not invariable . Syndrome A syndrome is the association of several medical signs , symptoms , or other characteristics that often occur together . Some syndromes , such as Down syndrome , have only one cause ; for these , the names `` syndrome '' and `` disease '' can be synonymous . For example , Charcot -- Marie -- Tooth syndrome is also called Charcot -- Marie -- Tooth disease . Others , such as Parkinsonian syndrome , have multiple possible causes . For example , acute coronary syndrome is not a disease but rather the manifestation of any of several diseases , such as myocardial infarction secondary to coronary artery disease . In yet other syndromes , the cause is unknown . A familiar syndrome name often remains in use even after an underlying cause has been found , or when there are a number of different possible primary causes . Predisease Predisease is a subclinical or prodromal vanguard of a disease state . Prediabetes and prehypertension are common examples . The nosology or epistemology of predisease is contentious , though , because there is seldom a bright line differentiating a legitimate concern for subclinical / prodromal / premonitory status ( on one hand ) and conflict of interest -- driven disease mongering or medicalization ( on the other hand ) . Identifying legitimate predisease can result in useful preventive measures , such as motivating the person to get a healthy amount of physical exercise , but labeling a healthy person with an unfounded notion of predisease can result in overtreatment , such as taking drugs that only help people with severe disease or paying for drug prescription instances whose benefit -- cost ratio is minuscule ( placing it in the waste category of CMS ' `` waste , fraud , and abuse '' classification ) . Types by body system ( edit ) Mental Mental illness is a broad , generic label for a category of illnesses that may include affective or emotional instability , behavioral dysregulation , cognitive dysfunction or impairment . Specific illnesses known as mental illnesses include major depression , generalized anxiety disorders , schizophrenia , and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , to name a few . Mental illness can be of biological ( e.g. , anatomical , chemical , or genetic ) or psychological ( e.g. , trauma or conflict ) origin . It can impair the affected person 's ability to work or study and can harm interpersonal relationships . The term insanity is used technically as a legal term . Organic An organic disease is one caused by a physical or physiological change to some tissue or organ of the body . The term sometimes excludes infections . It is commonly used in contrast with mental disorders . It includes emotional and behavioral disorders if they are due to changes to the physical structures or functioning of the body , such as after a stroke or a traumatic brain injury , but not if they are due to psychosocial issues . Stages ( edit ) `` Flareup '' redirects here . For the Transformers character , see Flareup ( Transformers ) . In an infectious disease , the incubation period is the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms . The latency period is the time between infection and the ability of the disease to spread to another person , which may precede , follow , or be simultaneous with the appearance of symptoms . Some viruses also exhibit a dormant phase , called viral latency , in which the virus hides in the body in an inactive state . For example , varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox in the acute phase ; after recovery from chickenpox , the virus may remain dormant in nerve cells for many years , and later cause herpes zoster ( shingles ) . Acute disease An acute disease is a short - lived disease , like the common cold . Chronic disease A chronic disease is one that lasts for a long time , usually at least six months . During that time , it may be constantly present , or it may go into remission and periodically relapse . A chronic disease may be stable ( does not get any worse ) or it may be progressive ( gets worse over time ) . Some chronic diseases can be permanently cured . Most chronic diseases can be beneficially treated , even if they can not be permanently cured . Clinical disease One that has clinical consequences ; in other words , the stage of the disease that produces the characteristic signs and symptoms of that disease . AIDS is the clinical disease stage of HIV infection . Cure A cure is the end of a medical condition or a treatment that is very likely to end it , while remission refers to the disappearance , possibly temporarily , of symptoms . Complete remission is the best possible outcome for incurable diseases . Flare - up A flare - up can refer to either the recurrence of symptoms or an onset of more severe symptoms . Progressive disease Progressive disease is a disease whose typical natural course is the worsening of the disease until death , serious debility , or organ failure occurs . Slowly progressive diseases are also chronic diseases ; many are also degenerative diseases . The opposite of progressive disease is stable disease or static disease : a medical condition that exists , but does not get better or worse . Refractory disease A refractory disease is a disease that resists treatment , especially an individual case that resists treatment more than is normal for the specific disease in question . Subclinical disease Also called silent disease , silent stage , or asymptomatic disease . This is a stage in some diseases before the symptoms are first noted . Terminal phase If a person will die soon from a disease , regardless of whether that disease typically causes death , then the stage between the earlier disease process and active dying is the terminal phase . Extent ( edit ) Localized disease A localized disease is one that affects only one part of the body , such as athlete 's foot or an eye infection . Disseminated disease A disseminated disease has spread to other parts ; with cancer , this is usually called metastatic disease . Systemic disease A systemic disease is a disease that affects the entire body , such as influenza or high blood pressure . Classifications ( edit ) Main article : nosology Diseases may be classified by cause , pathogenesis ( mechanism by which the disease is caused ) , or by symptom ( s ) . Alternatively , diseases may be classified according to the organ system involved , though this is often complicated since many diseases affect more than one organ . A chief difficulty in nosology is that diseases often can not be defined and classified clearly , especially when cause or pathogenesis are unknown . Thus diagnostic terms often only reflect a symptom or set of symptoms ( syndrome ) . Classical classification of human disease derives from observational correlation between pathological analysis and clinical syndromes . Today it is preferred to classify them by their cause if it is known . The most known and used classification of diseases is the World Health Organization 's ICD . This is periodically updated . Currently the last publication is the ICD - 10 . Causes ( edit ) See also : Cause ( medicine ) and Transmission ( medicine ) Only some diseases such as influenza are contagious and commonly believed infectious . The micro-organisms that cause these diseases are known as pathogens and include varieties of bacteria , viruses , protozoa and fungi . Infectious diseases can be transmitted , e.g. by hand - to - mouth contact with infectious material on surfaces , by bites of insects or other carriers of the disease , and from contaminated water or food ( often via fecal contamination ) , etc . In addition , there are sexually transmitted diseases . In some cases , microorganisms that are not readily spread from person to person play a role , while other diseases can be prevented or ameliorated with appropriate nutrition or other lifestyle changes . Some diseases , such as most ( but not all ) forms of cancer , heart disease , and mental disorders , are non-infectious diseases . Many non-infectious diseases have a partly or completely genetic basis ( see genetic disorder ) and may thus be transmitted from one generation to another . Social determinants of health are the social conditions in which people live that determine their health . Illnesses are generally related to social , economic , political , and environmental circumstances . Social determinants of health have been recognized by several health organizations such as the Public Health Agency of Canada and the World Health Organization to greatly influence collective and personal well - being . The World Health Organization 's Social Determinants Council also recognizes Social determinants of health in poverty . When the cause of a disease is poorly understood , societies tend to mythologize the disease or use it as a metaphor or symbol of whatever that culture considers evil . For example , until the bacterial cause of tuberculosis was discovered in 1882 , experts variously ascribed the disease to heredity , a sedentary lifestyle , depressed mood , and overindulgence in sex , rich food , or alcohol -- all the social ills of the time . Types of causes ( edit ) Airborne An airborne disease is any disease that is caused by pathogens and transmitted through the air . Foodborne Foodborne illness or food poisoning is any illness resulting from the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria , toxins , viruses , prions or parasites . Infectious Infectious diseases , also known as transmissible diseases or communicable diseases , comprise clinically evident illness ( i.e. , characteristic medical signs or symptoms of disease ) resulting from the infection , presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents in an individual host organism . Included in this category are contagious diseases -- an infection , such as influenza or the common cold , that commonly spreads from one person to another -- and communicable diseases -- an disease that can spread from one person to another , but does not necessarily spread through everyday contact . Lifestyle A lifestyle disease is any disease that appears to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer , especially if the risk factors include behavioral choices like a sedentary lifestyle or a diet high in unhealthful foods such as refined carbohydrates , trans fats , or alcoholic beverages . Non-communicable A non-communicable disease is a medical condition or disease that is non-transmissible . Non-communicable diseases can not be spread directly from one person to another . Heart disease and cancer are examples of non-communicable diseases in humans . Prevention ( edit ) Main article : Preventive medicine Many diseases and disorders can be prevented through a variety of means . These include sanitation , proper nutrition , adequate exercise , vaccinations and other self - care and public health measures . Treatments ( edit ) Main article : Therapy Medical therapies or treatments are efforts to cure or improve a disease or other health problem . In the medical field , therapy is synonymous with the word treatment . Among psychologists , the term may refer specifically to psychotherapy or `` talk therapy '' . Common treatments include medications , surgery , medical devices , and self - care . Treatments may be provided by an organized health care system , or informally , by the patient or family members . Preventive healthcare is a way to avoid an injury , sickness , or disease in the first place . A treatment or cure is applied after a medical problem has already started . A treatment attempts to improve or remove a problem , but treatments may not produce permanent cures , especially in chronic diseases . Cures are a subset of treatments that reverse diseases completely or end medical problems permanently . Many diseases that can not be completely cured are still treatable . Pain management ( also called pain medicine ) is that branch of medicine employing an interdisciplinary approach to the relief of pain and improvement in the quality of life of those living with pain . Treatment for medical emergencies must be provided promptly , often through an emergency department or , in less critical situations , through an urgent care facility . Epidemiology ( edit ) Main article : Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of the factors that cause or encourage diseases . Some diseases are more common in certain geographic areas , among people with certain genetic or socioeconomic characteristics , or at different times of the year . Epidemiology is considered a cornerstone methodology of public health research , and is highly regarded in evidence - based medicine for identifying risk factors for disease . In the study of communicable and non-communicable diseases , the work of epidemiologists ranges from outbreak investigation to study design , data collection and analysis including the development of statistical models to test hypotheses and the documentation of results for submission to peer - reviewed journals . Epidemiologists also study the interaction of diseases in a population , a condition known as a syndemic . Epidemiologists rely on a number of other scientific disciplines such as biology ( to better understand disease processes ) , biostatistics ( the current raw information available ) , Geographic Information Science ( to store data and map disease patterns ) and social science disciplines ( to better understand proximate and distal risk factors ) . Epidemiology can help identify causes as well as guide prevention efforts . In studying diseases , epidemiology faces the challenge of defining them . Especially for poorly understood diseases , different groups might use significantly different definitions . Without an agreed - on definition , different researchers may report different numbers of cases and characteristics of the disease . Some morbidity databases are compiled with data supplied by states and territories health authorities , at national levels or larger scale ( such as European Hospital Morbidity Database ( HMDB ) ) which may contain hospital discharge data by detailed diagnosis , age and sex . The European HMDB datea was submitted by European countries to the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe . Burdens of disease ( edit ) Disease burden is the impact of a health problem in an area measured by financial cost , mortality , morbidity , or other indicators . There are several measures used to quantify the burden imposed by diseases on people . The years of potential life lost ( YPLL ) is a simple estimate of the number of years that a person 's life was shortened due to a disease . For example , if a person dies at the age of 65 from a disease , and would probably have lived until age 80 without that disease , then that disease has caused a loss of 15 years of potential life . YPLL measurements do not account for how disabled a person is before dying , so the measurement treats a person who dies suddenly and a person who died at the same age after decades of illness as equivalent . In 2004 , the World Health Organization calculated that 932 million years of potential life were lost to premature death . The quality - adjusted life year ( QALY ) and disability - adjusted life year ( DALY ) metrics are similar , but take into account whether the person was healthy after diagnosis . In addition to the number of years lost due to premature death , these measurements add part of the years lost to being sick . Unlike YPLL , these measurements show the burden imposed on people who are very sick , but who live a normal lifespan . A disease that has high morbidity , but low mortality , has a high DALY and a low YPLL . In 2004 , the World Health Organization calculated that 1.5 billion disability - adjusted life years were lost to disease and injury . In the developed world , heart disease and stroke cause the most loss of life , but neuropsychiatric conditions like major depressive disorder cause the most years lost to being sick . Disease category Percent of all YPLLs lost , worldwide Percent of all DALYs lost , worldwide Percent of all YPLLs lost , Europe Percent of all DALYs lost , Europe Percent of all YPLLs lost , US and Canada Percent of all DALYs lost , US and Canada Infectious and parasitic diseases , especially lower respiratory tract infections , diarrhea , AIDS , tuberculosis , and malaria 37 % 26 % 9 % 6 % 5 % 3 % Neuropsychiatric conditions , e.g. depression 2 % 13 % 3 % 19 % 5 % 28 % Injuries , especially motor vehicle accidents 14 % 12 % 18 % 13 % 18 % 10 % Cardiovascular diseases , principally heart attacks and stroke 14 % 10 % 35 % 23 % 26 % 14 % Premature birth and other perinatal deaths 11 % 8 % 4 % 2 % 3 % 2 % Cancer 8 % 5 % 19 % 11 % 25 % 13 % Society and culture ( edit ) Obesity was a status symbol in Renaissance culture : `` The Tuscan General Alessandro del Borro '' , attributed to Andrea Sacchi , 1645 . It is now generally regarded as a disease . How a society responds to diseases is the subject of medical sociology . A condition may be considered a disease in some cultures or eras but not in others . For example , obesity can represent wealth and abundance , and is a status symbol in famine - prone areas and some places hard - hit by HIV / AIDS . Epilepsy is considered a sign of spiritual gifts among the Hmong people . Sickness confers the social legitimization of certain benefits , such as illness benefits , work avoidance , and being looked after by others . The person who is sick takes on a social role called the sick role . A person who responds to a dreaded disease , such as cancer , in a culturally acceptable fashion may be publicly and privately honored with higher social status . In return for these benefits , the sick person is obligated to seek treatment and work to become well once more . As a comparison , consider pregnancy , which is not interpreted as a disease or sickness , even if the mother and baby may both benefit from medical care . Most religions grant exceptions from religious duties to people who are sick . For example , one whose life would be endangered by fasting on Yom Kippur or during Ramadan is exempted from the requirement , or even forbidden from participating . People who are sick are also exempted from social duties . For example , ill health is the only socially acceptable reason for an American to refuse an invitation to the White House . The identification of a condition as a disease , rather than as simply a variation of human structure or function , can have significant social or economic implications . The controversial recognitions as diseases of repetitive stress injury ( RSI ) and post-traumatic stress disorder ( also known as `` Soldier 's heart '' , `` shell shock '' , and `` combat fatigue '' ) has had a number of positive and negative effects on the financial and other responsibilities of governments , corporations and institutions towards individuals , as well as on the individuals themselves . The social implication of viewing aging as a disease could be profound , though this classification is not yet widespread . Lepers were people who were historically shunned because they had an infectious disease , and the term `` leper '' still evokes social stigma . Fear of disease can still be a widespread social phenomenon , though not all diseases evoke extreme social stigma . Social standing and economic status affect health . Diseases of poverty are diseases that are associated with poverty and low social status ; diseases of affluence are diseases that are associated with high social and economic status . Which diseases are associated with which states varies according to time , place , and technology . Some diseases , such as diabetes mellitus , may be associated with both poverty ( poor food choices ) and affluence ( long lifespans and sedentary lifestyles ) , through different mechanisms . The term lifestyle diseases describes diseases associated with longevity and that are more common among older people . For example , cancer is far more common in societies in which most members live until they reach the age of 80 than in societies in which most members die before they reach the age of 50 . Language of disease ( edit ) An illness narrative is a way of organizing a medical experience into a coherent story that illustrates the sick individual 's personal experience . People use metaphors to make sense of their experiences with disease . The metaphors move disease from an objective thing that exists to an affective experience . The most popular metaphors draw on military concepts : Disease is an enemy that must be feared , fought , battled , and routed . The patient or the healthcare provider is a warrior , rather than a passive victim or bystander . The agents of communicable diseases are invaders ; non-communicable diseases constitute internal insurrection or civil war . Because the threat is urgent , perhaps a matter of life and death , unthinkably radical , even oppressive , measures are society 's and the patient 's moral duty as they courageously mobilize to struggle against destruction . The War on Cancer is an example of this metaphorical use of language . This language is empowering to some patients , but leaves others feeling like they are failures . Another class of metaphors describes the experience of illness as a journey : The person travels to or from a place of disease , and changes himself , discovers new information , or increases his experience along the way . He may travel `` on the road to recovery '' or make changes to `` get on the right track '' or choose `` pathways '' . Some are explicitly immigration - themed : the patient has been exiled from the home territory of health to the land of the ill , changing identity and relationships in the process . This language is more common among British healthcare professionals than the language of physical aggression . Some metaphors are disease - specific . Slavery is a common metaphor for addictions : The alcoholic is enslaved by drink , and the smoker is captive to nicotine . Some cancer patients treat the loss of their hair from chemotherapy as a metonymy or metaphor for all the losses caused by the disease . Some diseases are used as metaphors for social ills : `` Cancer '' is a common description for anything that is endemic and destructive in society , such as poverty , injustice , or racism . AIDS was seen as a divine judgment for moral decadence , and only by purging itself from the `` pollution '' of the `` invader '' could society become healthy again . More recently , when AIDS seemed less threatening , this type of emotive language was applied to avian flu and type 2 diabetes mellitus . Authors in the 19th century commonly used tuberculosis as a symbol and a metaphor for transcendence . Victims of the disease were portrayed in literature as having risen above daily life to become ephemeral objects of spiritual or artistic achievement . In the 20th century , after its cause was better understood , the same disease became the emblem of poverty , squalor , and other social problems . See also ( edit ) Biology portal Medicine portal Science portal Cryptogenic disease , a disease whose cause is currently unknown Developmental disability , severe , lifelong disabilities attributable to mental or physical impairments Environmental disease Host - pathogen interaction List of incurable diseases Mitochondrial disease Plant pathology Rare disease , a disease that affects very few people Sociology of health and illness Syndrome References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Wounds and Injuries '' . MedlinePlus.gov . US National Library of Medicine , National Institutes of Health , US Dept. of Health and Human Services . Archived from the original on 1 October 2017 . Retrieved 6 November 2017 . Jump up ^ White , Tim ( 19 December 2014 ) . `` What is the Difference Between an ' Injury ' and ' Disease ' for Commonwealth Injury Claims ? '' . Tindall Gask Bentley . Archived from the original on 27 October 2017 . Retrieved 6 November 2017 . 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Jump up ^ `` Hospital Morbidity Database ( HMDB ) '' . statcan.gc.ca . Statistics Canada . Archived from the original on 30 June 2016 . Retrieved 21 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` European Hospital Morbidity Database '' . who.int . World Health Organization . Archived from the original on 2 September 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Disease and injury regional estimates for 2004 '' . who.int . World Health Organization . Archived from the original on 24 December 2010 . Standard DALYs ( 3 % discounting , age weights ) . Also DALY spreadsheet and YLL spreadsheet . Jump up ^ Gerten - Jackson , Carol . `` The Tuscan General Alessandro del Borro '' . Archived from the original on 2 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Haslam DW , James WP ( 2005 ) . `` Obesity '' . Lancet . 366 ( 9492 ) : 1197 -- 209 . doi : 10.1016 / S0140 - 6736 ( 05 ) 67483 - 1 . PMID 16198769 . Jump up ^ Fadiman , Anne ( 1997 ) . The spirit catches you and you fall down : a Hmong child , her American doctors , and the collision of two cultures . New York : Farrar , Straus , and Giroux . ISBN 0 - 374 - 52564 - 1 . Jump up ^ Sulik , Gayle ( 2010 ) . Pink Ribbon Blues : How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women 's Health . New York : Oxford University Press . ISBN 0 - 19 - 974045 - 3 . Jump up ^ Martin , Judith ( 2005 ) . Miss Manners ' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior . New York : W.W. Norton & Co. p. 703 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 393 - 05874 - 1 . OCLC 57549405 . ^ Jump up to : Gwyn , Richard ( 1999 ) . `` 10 '' . In Cameron , Lynne ; Low , Graham . Researching and applying metaphor . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 64964 - 3 . OCLC 40881885 . ^ Jump up to : Span , Paula ( 22 April 2014 ) . `` Fighting Words Are Rarer Among British Doctors '' . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 2 July 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Diedrich , Lisa ( 2007 ) . Treatments : language , politics , and the culture of illness . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press . pp. 8 , 29 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8166 - 4697 - 5 . OCLC 601862594 . Jump up ^ Hanne M , Hawken SJ ( December 2007 ) . `` Metaphors for illness in contemporary media '' . Med Humanit. 33 ( 2 ) : 93 -- 9 . doi : 10.1136 / jmh. 2006.000253 . PMID 23674429 . External links ( edit ) hide Find more aboutDiseaseat Wikipedia 's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Wikimedia Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Textbooks from Wikibooks Learning resources from Wikiversity Data from Wikidata Health Topics , MedlinePlus descriptions of most diseases , with access to current research articles . OMIM Comprehensive information on genes that cause disease at Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man CTD The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database is a scientific resource connecting chemicals , genes , and human diseases . 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Question: which term means the study of the nature and causes of disease


Pink Floyd -- the Wall - wikipedia Pink Floyd -- the Wall Jump to : navigation , search For the Pink Floyd album , see The Wall . For other works related to the Pink Floyd album , see Wall ( disambiguation ) . Pink Floyd -- The Wall Theatrical release poster Directed by Alan Parker Gerald Scarfe ( animation ) Produced by Alan Marshall Screenplay by Roger Waters Based on The Wall by Pink Floyd Starring Bob Geldof Music by Pink Floyd Bob Ezrin Michael Kamen Cinematography Peter Biziou Edited by Gerry Hambling Production company Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer Distributed by MGM / UA Entertainment Company Release date 23 May 1982 ( 1982 - 05 - 23 ) ( Cannes ) 15 July 1982 ( 1982 - 07 - 15 ) ( United Kingdom ) Running time 95 minutes Country United Kingdom Language English Budget $12 million Box office $22.2 million Pink Floyd -- The Wall is a 1982 British live - action / animated musical drama film directed by Alan Parker with animated segments by political cartoonist Gerald Scarfe , and is based on the 1979 Pink Floyd album of the same name . The film centers around a confined rocker named Pink , who , after being driven into insanity by the death of his father and many depressive moments during his lifetime , constructs a metaphorical ( and sometimes physical ) wall to be protected from the world and emotional situations around him . When this coping mechanism backfires he puts himself on trial and sets himself free . The screenplay was written by Pink Floyd vocalist and bassist Roger Waters . Like its musical companion , the film is highly metaphorical and symbolic imagery and sound are present most commonly . However , the film is mostly driven by music , and does not feature much dialogue . Gerald Scarfe drew and animated 15 minutes of animated sequences , which appear at several points in the film . It was the seventh animated feature to be presented in Dolby Stereo . The film is best known for its disturbing surrealism , animated sequences , sexual situations , violence and gore . Despite its turbulent production and the creators voicing their discontent about the final product , the film has since fared well generally , and has established cult status . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Concept 3.2 Development 3.3 Filming 4 Release 4.1 Box office and critical reception 4.2 Themes and analysis 4.3 Home media 4.4 Awards 5 Documentary 6 Soundtrack 7 References 8 External links Plot ( edit ) Pink is a rock star , one of several reasons behind his apparent depressive and detached emotional state . He is first seen in an unkempt hotel room , motionless and expressionless , watching television while the Vera Lynn recording of `` The Little Boy that Santa Claus Forgot '' plays . It is later revealed that Pink 's father , a British soldier , was killed in action while defending the Anzio bridgehead during World War II , in Pink 's infancy . In a flashback , Pink is a young English boy growing up in the early 1950s . Throughout his childhood , Pink longs for a father figure . He discovers a scroll from `` kind old King George '' and other relics from his father 's military service and death , placing a bullet on the track of an oncoming train . At school , he is caught writing poems in class and humiliated by the teacher . To the tune of `` Another Brick in the Wall ( Part 2 ) '' , Pink imagines a surrealistically oppressive school system in which children fall into a meat grinder . The children then rise in rebellion and destroy the school , carrying the Teacher away to an unknown fate . Pink is also negatively affected by his overprotective mother . Such traumatic experiences are represented as `` bricks '' in the metaphorical wall he constructs around himself that divides him from society . As an adult , Pink eventually marries , but he and his wife soon grow apart . While he is in the United States on tour , Pink learns that his wife is having an affair . He turns to a willing groupie , whom he brings back to his hotel room only to trash it in a fit of violence , terrifying the groupie out of the room . Pink slowly begins to lose his mind to metaphorical `` worms '' . He shaves all his body hair and , while watching The Dam Busters on television , morphs into a neo-Nazi alter - ego . Pink 's manager , along with the hotel manager and some paramedics , discover Pink unresponsive and inject him with drugs to enable him to perform . Pink fantasizes that he is a dictator and his concert is a neo-Nazi rally . His followers proceed to attack ethnic minorities , and Pink holds a rally in suburban London , singing `` Waiting for the Worms '' . The scene is intercut with images of animated marching hammers that goose - step across ruins . Pink then stops hallucinating and screams `` Stop ! '' He then takes refuge in the toilets at the concert venue , reciting poems . In a climactic animated sequence , Pink , depicted as a small , almost inanimate rag doll , is on trial , and his sentence is `` to be exposed before ( his ) peers . '' The judge gives the order to `` tear down the wall '' . Following a prolonged silence , the wall is smashed . Several children are seen cleaning up a pile of debris after an earlier riot , with a freeze - frame on one of the children emptying a Molotov cocktail . Cast ( edit ) Bob Geldof as Pink Kevin McKeon as Young Pink David Bingham as Little Pink Christine Hargreaves as Pink 's mother Eleanor David as Pink 's wife Alex McAvoy as Teacher Bob Hoskins as Rock - and - roll manager Michael Ensign as Hotel manager James Laurenson as Pink 's father Jenny Wright as American groupie Margery Mason as Teacher 's wife Ellis Dale as English doctor James Hazeldine as Lover Ray Mort as Playground father Robert Bridges as American doctor Joanne Whalley , Nell Campbell , Emma Longfellow , and Lorna Barton as Groupies Philip Davis and Gary Olsen as Roadies Production ( edit ) See also : The Wall Concept ( edit ) In the mid-1970s , as Pink Floyd gained mainstream fame , Waters began feeling increasingly alienated from their audiences : Audiences at those vast concerts are there for an excitement which , I think , has to do with the love of success . When a band or a person becomes an idol , it can have to do with the success that that person manifests , not the quality of work he produces . You do n't become a fanatic because somebody 's work is good , you become a fanatic to be touched vicariously by their glamour and fame . Stars -- film stars , rock ' n ' roll stars -- represent , in myth anyway , the life as we 'd all like to live it . They seem at the very centre of life . And that 's why audiences still spend large sums of money at concerts where they are a long , long way from the stage , where they are often very uncomfortable , and where the sound is often very bad . Waters was also dismayed by the `` executive approach '' , which was only about success , not even attempting to get acquainted with the actual persons of whom the band was comprised ( addressed in an earlier song from Wish You Were Here , `` Have a Cigar '' ) . The concept of the wall , along with the decision to name the lead character `` Pink '' , partly grew out of that approach , combined with the issue of the growing alienation between the band and their fans . This symbolised a new era for rock bands , as Pink Floyd `` explored ( ... ) the hard realities of ' being where we are ' '' , drawing upon existentialists , namely Jean - Paul Sartre . Development ( edit ) The iconic `` marching hammers '' Even before the original Pink Floyd album was recorded , a film was intended to be made from it . However , the concept of the film was intended to be live footage from the album 's tour , with Scarfe 's animation and extra scenes . The film was going to star Waters himself . EMI did not intend to make the film , as they did not understand the concept . Director Alan Parker , a Pink Floyd fan , asked EMI whether The Wall could be adapted to film . EMI suggested that Parker talk to Waters , who had asked Parker to direct the film . Parker instead suggested that he produce it and give the directing task to Gerald Scarfe and Michael Seresin , a cinematographer . Waters began work on the film 's screenplay after studying scriptwriting books . He and Scarfe produced a special - edition book containing the screenplay and art to pitch the project to investors . While the book depicted Waters in the role of Pink , after screen tests , he was removed from the starring role and replaced with punk musician and frontman of the Boomtown Rats , Bob Geldof . In Behind the Wall , both Waters and Geldof later admitted to a story during casting where Geldof and his manager took a taxi to an airport , and Geldof 's manager pitched the role to the singer , who continued to reject the offer and express his contempt for the project throughout the fare , unaware that the taxi driver was Waters ' brother , who promptly proceeded to tell Waters about Geldof 's opinion . Since Waters was no longer in the starring role , it no longer made sense for the feature to include Pink Floyd footage , so the live film aspect was dropped . The footage culled from the five Wall concerts at Earl 's Court from 13 -- 17 June 1981 that were held specifically for filming was deemed unusable also for technical reasons as the fast Panavision lenses needed for the low light levels turned out to have insufficient resolution for the movie screen . Complex parts such as `` Hey You '' still had not been properly shot by the end of the live shows . Parker also managed to convince Waters and Scarfe that the concert footage was too theatrical and that it would jar with the animation and stage live action . After the concert footage was dropped , Seresin left the project and Parker became the only director connected to The Wall . Filming ( edit ) One of the masks worn by children in the classroom scenes ; displayed at the Pink Floyd : Their Mortal Remains exhibition Parker , Waters and Scarfe frequently clashed with each other during production , to the point where the director described the filming as `` one of the most miserable experiences of my creative life . '' Scarfe declared that he would drive to Pinewood Studios carrying a bottle of Jack Daniel 's , because `` I had to have a slug before I went in the morning , because I knew what was coming up , and I knew I had to fortify myself in some way . '' During production , while filming the destruction of a hotel room , Geldof suffered a cut to his hand as he pulled away the Venetian blinds . The footage remains in the film . Also , it was discovered while filming the pool scenes that Geldof did not know how to swim . Interiors were shot at Pinewood Studios , and it was suggested that they suspend Geldof in Christopher Reeve 's clear cast used for the Superman flying sequences , but his frame was too small by comparison ; it was then decided to make a smaller rig that was a more acceptable fit , and he simply lay on his back . The war scenes were shot on Saunton Sands in North Devon , which was also featured on the cover of Pink Floyd 's A Momentary Lapse of Reason six years later . Release ( edit ) The film was shown `` out of competition '' during the 1982 Cannes Film Festival . The premiere at Cannes was amazing -- the midnight screening . They took down two truckloads of audio equipment from the recording studios so it would sound better than normal . It was one of the last films to be shown in the old Palais which was pretty run down and the sound was so loud it peeled the paint off the walls . It was like snow -- it all started to shower down and everyone had dandruff at the end . I remember seeing Terry Semel there , who at the time was head of Warner Bros. , sitting next to Steven Spielberg . They were only five rows ahead of me and I 'm sure I saw Steven Spielberg mouthing to him at the end when the lights came up , ' what the fuck was that ? ' And Semel turned to me and then bowed respectfully . ' What the fuck was that ? , ' indeed . It was like nothing anyone had ever seen before -- a weird fusion of live - action , story - telling and of the surreal . Alan Parker The film 's official premiere was at the Empire , Leicester Square in London , on 14 July 1982 . It was attended by Waters and fellow Pink Floyd members David Gilmour and Nick Mason , but not Richard Wright , who was no longer a member of the band . It was also attended by various celebrities including Geldof , Scarfe , Paula Yates , Pete Townshend , Sting , Roger Taylor , James Hunt , Lulu and Andy Summers . Box office and critical reception ( edit ) So it 's difficult , painful and despairing , and its three most important artists came away from it with bad feelings . Why would anybody want to see it ? Perhaps because filming this material could not possibly have been a happy experience for anyone -- not if it 's taken seriously . Roger Ebert The film opened with a limited release on 6 August 1982 and entered at No. 28 of the US box office charts despite only playing in one theatre on its first weekend , grossing over $68,000 , a rare feat even by today 's standards . The film then spent just over a month below the top 20 while still in the top 30 . The film later expanded to over 600 theatres on 10 September , achieving No. 3 at the box office charts , below E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , and An Officer and a Gentleman . The film eventually earned $22 million before closing in early 1983 . The film received generally positive reviews . Reviewing The Wall on their television programme At the Movies in 1982 , film critics Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel gave the film `` two thumbs up '' . Ebert described The Wall as `` a stunning vision of self - destruction '' and `` one of the most horrifying musicals of all time ... but the movie is effective . The music is strong and true , the images are like sledge hammers , and for once , the rock and roll hero is n't just a spoiled narcissist , but a real , suffering image of all the despair of this nuclear age . This is a real good movie . '' Siskel was more reserved in his judgement , stating that he felt that the film 's imagery was too repetitive . However , he admitted that the `` central image '' of the fascist rally sequence `` will stay with me for an awful long time . '' In February 2010 , Roger Ebert added The Wall to his list of `` Great Movies , '' describing the film as `` without question the best of all serious fiction films devoted to rock . Seeing it now in more timid times , it looks more daring than it did in 1982 , when I saw it at Cannes ... It 's disquieting and depressing and very good . '' It was chosen for the opening night of Ebertfest 2010 . Rotten Tomatoes currently ranks the film with a critics ' review rating of 70 % ( based on 20 reviews ) . Danny Peary wrote that the `` picture is unrelentingly downbeat and at times repulsive ... but I do n't find it unwatchable -- which is more than I could say if Ken Russell had directed this . The cinematography by Peter Biziou is extremely impressive and a few of the individual scenes have undeniable power . '' Waters has expressed deep reservations about the film , saying that the filming had been `` a very unnerving and unpleasant experience ... we all fell out in a big way . '' As for the film itself , he said : `` I found it was so unremitting in its onslaught upon the senses , that it did n't give me , anyway , as an audience , a chance to get involved with it , '' although he had nothing but praise for Geldof 's performance . David Gilmour stated ( on the `` In the Studio with Redbeard '' episodes of The Wall , A Momentary Lapse of Reason and On an Island ) that the conflict between him and Waters started with the making of the film . Gilmour also stated on the documentary Behind The Wall ( which was aired on the BBC in the UK and VH1 in the US ) that `` the movie was the less successful telling of The Wall story as opposed to the album and concert versions . '' Although the symbol of the crossed hammers used in the film and not related to any real racist group , it was adopted by white supremacist group the Hammerskins in the late 1980s . It earned its creators two British Academy Awards ; ' Best Sound ' for James Guthrie , Eddy Joseph , Clive Winter , Graham Hartstone & Nicholas Le Messurier ; and ' Best Original Song ' for Waters . Themes and analysis ( edit ) It has been suggested that the protagonist stands in some way for Waters . Beyond the obvious parallel of them both being rock stars , Waters lost his father while he was an infant and had marital problems , divorcing several times . Romelo and Cabo place the Nazism and imperialism related symbols in the context of Margaret Thatcher 's government and British foreign policy especially concerning the Falklands issue . Home media ( edit ) Pink Floyd -- The Wall was released on VHS in 1983 ( MV400268 ) , 1989 ( M400268 ) , 1994 ( M204694 ) by MGM / UA Home Entertainment , and 1999 ( CV50198 ) by Columbia Music Video . The DVD was released in 1999 ( UPC : 074645019895 ) and 2005 ( UPC : 074645816395 ) by Columbia Music Video . Awards ( edit ) List of awards Award Category Recipient ( s ) Result BAFTA Film Award Best Original Song Roger Waters For the song `` Another Brick in the Wall '' Won BAFTA Film Award Best Sound James Guthrie Eddy Joseph Clive Winter Graham V. Hartstone Nicolas Le Messurier Won Saturn Award Best Poster Art Gerald Scarfe Nominated Documentary ( edit ) A documentary was produced about the making of Pink Floyd -- The Wall entitled The Other Side of the Wall that includes interviews with Parker , Scarfe , and clips of Waters , originally aired on MTV in 1982 . A second documentary about the film was produced in 1999 entitled Retrospective that includes interviews with Waters , Parker , Scarfe , and other members of the film 's production team . Both are featured on The Wall DVD as extras . Soundtrack ( edit ) Pink Floyd - The Wall Soundtrack album by Pink Floyd Released Unreleased Recorded 1981 -- 1982 Genre Progressive rock Pink Floyd soundtracks chronology Obscured by Clouds ( 1972 ) Obscured by Clouds 1972 Pink Floyd - The Wall ( 1982 ) La Carrera Panamericana ( 1992 ) La Carrera Panamericana 1992 Singles from Pink Floyd - The Wall `` When the Tigers Broke Free '' Released : 26 July 1982 Song changes from album : Track Changes `` When the Tigers Broke Free '' 1 New song , edited into two sections strictly for the film , but later released as one continuous song . The song was released as a single in 1982 and was later included on the 2001 compilation Echoes : The Best of Pink Floyd and on the 2004 re-release of The Final Cut . `` In the Flesh ? '' Extended / re-mixed / lead vocal re-recorded by Geldof . `` The Thin Ice '' Extended / re-mixed with additional piano overdub in second verse , baby sounds removed . `` Another Brick in the Wall , Part 1 '' Extra bass parts , which were muted on the album mix , can be heard . `` When the Tigers Broke Free '' 2 New song . `` Goodbye Blue Sky '' Re-mixed . `` The Happiest Days of Our Lives '' Re-mixed . Helicopter sounds dropped , teacher 's lines re-recorded by Alex McAvoy . `` Another Brick in the Wall , Part 2 '' Re-mixed with extra lead guitar , children 's chorus part edited and shortened , teacher 's lines re-recorded by McAvoy and interspersed within children 's chorus portion . `` Mother '' Re-recorded completely with exception of guitar solo and its backing track . The lyric `` Is it just a waste of time ? '' is replaced with `` Mother , am I really dying ? '' , which is what appeared on the original LP lyric sheet . `` What Shall We Do Now ? '' A full - length song which begins with the music of , and a similar lyric to `` Empty Spaces '' . This was intended to be on the original album , and in fact appears on the original LP lyric sheet . At the last minute , it was dropped in favour of the shorter `` Empty Spaces '' ( which was originally intended as a reprise of `` What Shall We Do Now '' ) . A live version is on the album Is There Anybody Out There ? The Wall Live 1980 -- 81 . `` Young Lust '' Screams added and phone call part removed . The phone call part was moved to the beginning of `` What Shall We Do Now ? '' `` One of My Turns '' Re-mixed . Groupie 's lines re-recorded by Jenny Wright . `` Do n't Leave Me Now '' Shortened and remixed . `` Another Brick in the Wall , Part 3 '' Re-recorded completely with a slightly faster tempo . `` Goodbye Cruel World '' Unchanged . `` Is There Anybody Out There ? '' Classical guitar re-recorded , this time played with a leather pick by guitarist Tim Renwick , as opposed to the album version , which was played finger - style by Joe DiBlasi . `` Nobody Home '' Musically unchanged , but with different clips from the TV set . `` Vera '' Unchanged . `` Bring the Boys Back Home '' Re-recorded completely with brass band and Welsh male vocal choir extended and without Waters ' lead vocals . `` Comfortably Numb '' Re-mixed with Geldof 's scream added . Bass line partially different from album . `` In the Flesh '' Re-recorded completely with brass band and Geldof on lead vocals . `` Run Like Hell '' Re-mixed and shortened . `` Waiting for the Worms '' Shortened but with extended coda . `` 5 : 11 AM ( The Moment of Clarity ) '' Geldof unaccompanied on lead vocals . The song is taken from The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking , a concept album Waters wrote simultaneously with The Wall , and later recorded solo . Geldof sings the lyrics to the melody of `` Your Possible Pasts '' , a song intended for The Wall that later appeared on The Final Cut . `` Stop '' Re-recorded completely with Geldof unaccompanied on lead vocals . ( The audio in the background of this scene is from Gary Yudman 's introduction from The Wall Live at Earl 's Court . ) `` The Trial '' Re-mixed . `` Outside the Wall '' Re-recorded completely with brass band and Welsh male voice choir . Extended with a musical passage similar to `` Southampton Dock '' from The Final Cut . The only songs from the album not used in the film are `` Hey You '' and `` The Show Must Go On '' . `` Hey You '' was deleted as Waters and Parker felt the footage was too repetitive ( eighty percent of the footage appears in montage sequences elsewhere ) but available to view as a bonus feature on the DVD release under the name `` Reel 13 '' . A soundtrack album from Columbia Records was listed in the film 's end credits , but only a single containing `` When the Tigers Broke Free '' and the rerecorded `` Bring the Boys Back Home '' was released . `` When the Tigers Broke Free '' later became a bonus track on the band 's 1983 album The Final Cut , an album Waters intended as an extension to The Wall . Guitarist David Gilmour , however , dismissed the album as a collection of songs that had been rejected for The Wall project , but were being recycled . The song , in the edit used for the single , also appears on the 2001 compilation album Echoes : The Best of Pink Floyd . Chart positions Year Chart Position 2005 Australian ARIA DVD Chart # 10 References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` PINK FLOYD - THE WALL ( AA ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . 23 June 1982 . Retrieved 16 August 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Box Office Information for Pink Floyd -- The Wall . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 1 January 2014 . Jump up ^ Curtis , James M. ( 1987 ) . Rock Eras : Interpretations of Music and Society , 1954 -- 1984 . Popular Press . p. 283 . ISBN 0 - 87972 - 369 - 6 . Jump up ^ Reisch , George A. ( 2007 ) . Pink Floyd and Philosophy : Careful With That Axiom , Eugene ! . Open Court Publishing Company . pp. 76 -- 77 . ISBN 0 - 8126 - 9636 - 0 . Retrieved 10 July 2013 . Jump up ^ Reisch , George A. ( 2009 ) . Radiohead and philosophy . Open Court Publishing Company . p. 60 . ISBN 0 - 8126 - 9700 - 6 . Retrieved 10 July 2013 . Jump up ^ Schaffner , Nicholas . Saucerful of Secrets . Dell Publishing . p. 225 . ^ Jump up to : J.C. Maçek III ( 5 September 2012 ) . `` The Cinematic Experience of Roger Waters ' ' The Wall Live ' '' . PopMatters . Jump up ^ Schaffner , Nicholas . Saucerful of Secrets . Dell Publishing . p. 244 . Jump up ^ Schaffner , Nicholas . Saucerful of Secrets . Dell Publishing . pp. 244 -- 245 . Jump up ^ Schaffner , Nicholas . Saucerful of Secrets . Dell Publishing . pp. 245 -- 246 . Jump up ^ Schaffner , Nicholas . Saucerful of Secrets . Dell Publishing . p. 246 . Jump up ^ Pink Floyd 's The Wall , page 83 Jump up ^ Pink Floyd 's The Wall , page 105 ^ Jump up to : Pink Floyd 's The Wall , page 118 Jump up ^ `` Interview : Gerald Scarfe '' . Floydian Slip . November 5 -- 7 , 2010 . Retrieved June 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Geldof , Bob . Is That It ? . Weidenfeld & Nicolson . Jump up ^ Storm Thorgerson and Peter Curzon . Mind Over Matter : The Images of Pink Floyd. page 102 . ISBN 1 - 86074 - 206 - 8 . Jump up ^ `` Festival de Cannes -- From 16 to 27 may 2012 '' . Festival-cannes.com . Retrieved 7 January 2012 . Jump up ^ Scarfe , Gerald . The Making of Pink Floyd : The Wall . Da Capo Press . p. 216 . ^ Jump up to : Mabbett , Andy ( 2010 ) . Pink Floyd -- The Music and the Mystery . London : Omnibus , . ISBN 978 - 1 - 84938 - 370 - 7 . Jump up ^ Miles , Barry ; Andy Mabbett ( 1994 ) . Pink Floyd the visual documentary ( ( Updated ed . ) ed . ) . London : : Omnibus , . ISBN 0 - 7119 - 4109 - 2 . ^ Jump up to : `` Pink Floyd : The Wall ( 1982 ) '' . Chicago Sun - Times . Jump up ^ Danny Peary , Guide for the Film Fanatic ( Simon & Schuster , 1986 ) p. 331 Jump up ^ Pink Floyd 's The Wall , page 129 Jump up ^ `` The Hammerskin Nation '' . Extremism in America . Anti-Defamation League . 2005 . Retrieved 8 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Past Winners and Nominees -- Film -- Awards '' . BAFTA . Retrieved 26 December 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Roger Waters : Another crack in the wall The Sunday Times '' . www.thesundaytimes.co.uk . Retrieved 2015 - 12 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Roger Waters ' Poetry of the Absent Father : British Identity in Pink Floyd 's `` The Wall '' on JSTOR `` . JSTOR 41055246 . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : Bench , Jeff ( 2004 ) . Pink Floyd 's The Wall . Richmond , Surrey , UK : Reynolds and Hearn , . pp. 107 -- 110p . ISBN 1 - 903111 - 82 - X . Jump up ^ Marty Yawnick ( June 28 , 2016 ) . `` Is There Anybody Out There ? - Hear David Gilmour 's version '' . The Wall Complete . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 05 . Jump up ^ Pink Floyd : The Wall ( 1980 Pink Floyd Music Publishers Ltd. , London , England , ISBN 0 - 7119 - 1031 - 6 ( USA ISBN 0 - 8256 - 1076 - 1 ) ) Jump up ^ Pink Floyd : The Final Cut ( 1983 Pink Floyd Music Publishers Ltd. , London , England . ) Jump up ^ Pink Floyd 's The Wall , page 128 External links ( edit ) Pink Floyd portal 1980s portal Wikiquote has quotations related to : Pink Floyd -- The Wall Pink Floyd -- The Wall on IMDb Pink Floyd -- The Wall at Box Office Mojo Pink Floyd -- The Wall at Rotten Tomatoes A Complete Analysis of Pink Floyd -- The Wall by Bret Urick Original screenplay by Roger Waters Pink Floyd Nick Mason Roger Waters Richard Wright Syd Barrett David Gilmour Studio albums The Piper at the Gates of Dawn A Saucerful of Secrets More Ummagumma Atom Heart Mother Meddle Obscured by Clouds The Dark Side of the Moon Wish You Were Here Animals The Wall The Final Cut A Momentary Lapse of Reason The Division Bell The Endless River Live albums Ummagumma Delicate Sound of Thunder Pulse Is There Anybody Out There ? The Wall Live 1980 -- 81 Singles `` Arnold Layne '' / `` Candy and a Currant Bun '' `` See Emily Play '' / `` The Scarecrow '' `` Flaming '' / `` The Gnome '' ( US ) `` Apples and Oranges '' / `` Paint Box '' ( UK ) `` It Would Be So Nice '' / `` Julia Dream '' `` Let There Be More Light '' / `` Remember a Day '' ( US ) `` Point Me at the Sky '' / `` Careful with That Axe , Eugene '' ( UK ) `` One of These Days '' / `` Fearless '' ( US ) `` Free Four '' `` Money '' / `` Any Colour You Like '' ( US ) `` Time '' / `` Us and Them '' ( US ) `` Have a Cigar '' / `` Welcome to the Machine '' ( US ) or `` Shine On You Crazy Diamond Part I '' ( Europe ) `` Another Brick in the Wall ( Part II ) '' / `` One of My Turns '' `` Run Like Hell '' / `` Do n't Leave Me Now '' ( Europe / some US ) or `` Comfortably Numb '' ( later US ) `` Comfortably Numb '' / `` Hey You '' ( US ) `` Pink Floyd The Wall - Music From The Film '' ( `` When the Tigers Broke Free '' / `` Bring the Boys Back Home '' ) `` Not Now John '' / `` The Hero 's Return ( Parts 1 and 2 ) '' `` Learning to Fly '' / `` Terminal Frost '' and / or `` One Slip '' `` On the Turning Away '' / `` Run Like Hell ( live ) '' ( UK ) `` One Slip '' / `` Terminal Frost '' / `` The Dogs of War '' ( UK ) `` Take It Back '' / `` Astronomy Domine ( live ) '' ( US ) `` High Hopes '' / `` Keep Talking '' / `` Marooned '' `` Wish You Were Here ( Live ) '' / `` Coming Back to Life ( live ) / `` Keep Talking ( live ) '' ( UK ) `` Louder than Words '' Compilations The Best of the Pink Floyd / Masters of Rock Relics A Nice Pair A Collection of Great Dance Songs Works 1967 : The First Three Singles Echoes : The Best of Pink Floyd The Best of Pink Floyd : A Foot in the Door 1965 : Their First Recordings Box sets Shine On Oh , by the Way Discovery The Early Years 1965 -- 1972 Films Concerts London ' 66 -- ' 67 Live at Pompeii Delicate Sound of Thunder Pulse Narratives The Wall The Final Cut Documentaries The Pink Floyd and Syd Barrett Story London ' 66 -- ' 67 The Story of Wish You Were Here Soundtracks San Francisco The Committee Tonite Lets All Make Love in London More Zabriskie Point Obscured by Clouds Pink Floyd -- The Wall La Carrera Panamericana Tours World Tour 1968 The Man and The Journey Tour Atom Heart Mother World Tour Meddle Tour Dark Side of the Moon Tour Wish You Were Here Tour In the Flesh The Wall Tour A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour The Division Bell Tour Related media and tributes 19367 Pink Floyd The Amazing Pudding The Australian Pink Floyd Show Barn Jams Brit Floyd The Dark Side of the Moo `` Embryo '' Inside Out : A Personal History of Pink Floyd The Man and The Journey Music from The Body Pinkfloydia `` Proper Education '' Synalpheus pinkfloydi Umma gumma Their Mortal Remains Other topics Discography Videography Song list Unreleased material Members Bootleg recordings Pink Floyd live performances The 14 Hour Technicolor Dream Azimuth Co-ordinator Blackhill Enterprises Britannia Row Studios Dark Side of the Rainbow EMS Synthi A Games for May Midsummer High Weekend Pink Floyd pigs Publius Enigma Why Pink Floyd ... ? Book Category Portal The Wall Songs Side one `` In the Flesh ? '' `` The Thin Ice '' `` Another Brick in the Wall ( Part 1 ) '' `` The Happiest Days of Our Lives '' `` Another Brick in the Wall ( Part 2 ) '' `` Mother '' Side two `` Goodbye Blue Sky '' `` Empty Spaces '' `` Young Lust '' `` One of My Turns '' `` Do n't Leave Me Now '' `` Another Brick in the Wall ( Part 3 ) '' `` Goodbye Cruel World '' Side three `` Hey You '' `` Is There Anybody Out There ? '' `` Nobody Home '' `` Vera '' `` Bring the Boys Back Home '' `` Comfortably Numb '' Side four `` The Show Must Go On '' `` In the Flesh '' `` Run Like Hell '' `` Waiting for the Worms '' `` Stop '' `` The Trial '' `` Outside the Wall '' Related tracks `` What Shall We Do Now ? '' `` The Last Few Bricks '' `` When the Tigers Broke Free '' Related albums Is There Anybody Out There ? The Wall Live 1980 -- 81 The Wall -- Live in Berlin Roger Waters : The Wall The Final Cut The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking Tribute albums Back Against the Wall Rebuild the Wall Us and Them : Symphonic Pink Floyd Videos Pink Floyd -- The Wall Roger Waters : The Wall The Final Cut Tours The Wall Tour The Wall Live Adaptations Another Brick in the Wall : The Opera The Piper at the Gates of Dawn A Saucerful of Secrets More Ummagumma Atom Heart Mother Meddle Obscured by Clouds The Dark Side of the Moon Wish You Were Here Animals The Wall The Final Cut A Momentary Lapse of Reason The Division Bell The Endless River Films directed by Alan Parker The Evacuees ( 1975 , Play for Today ) Bugsy Malone ( 1976 ) Midnight Express ( 1978 ) Fame ( 1980 ) Shoot the Moon ( 1982 ) Pink Floyd -- The Wall ( 1982 ) Birdy ( 1984 ) Angel Heart ( 1987 ) Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) Come See the Paradise ( 1990 ) The Commitments ( 1991 ) The Road to Wellville ( 1994 ) Evita ( 1996 ) Angela 's Ashes ( 1999 ) The Life of David Gale ( 2003 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pink_Floyd_ -- _The_Wall&oldid = 836443307 '' Categories : 1982 films English - language films Pink Floyd films The Wall ( rock opera ) British films 1980s drama films 1980s musical films British animated films British drama films British musical films Adultery in films Allegory BAFTA winners ( films ) Fiction with unreliable narrators Films scored by Michael Kamen Films about fascists Films about music and musicians Films based on albums Films directed by Alan Parker Films set in the 1950s Films set in the 1970s Films with live action and animation Mental illness in fiction Nonlinear narrative films Sung - through musical films Films shot at Pinewood Studios Goldcrest Films films Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer films Hidden categories : Pages using web citations with no URL EngvarB from May 2014 Use dmy dates from May 2014 Pages using div col with deprecated parameters Articles with hAudio microformats Album infoboxes lacking a cover Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Talk More Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto فارسی Français Galego Հայերեն Italiano עברית ქართული Кыргызча Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenčina Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 22 more Edit links This page was last edited on 14 April 2018 , at 21 : 14 . 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Question: who played pink in pink floyd the wall