Reveille - wikipedia Reveille Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the bugle call . For other uses , see Reveille ( disambiguation ) . This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Reveille Reveille played on the bugle by a member of the United States Army Band Problems playing this file ? See media help . `` Reveille '' ( US : / ˈrɛvəli / REV - ə - lee ; UK : / rəˈvæli / rə - VAL - ee ) is a bugle call , trumpet call or pipes call most often associated with the military and prisons ; it is chiefly used to wake military personnel and prisoners at sunrise . The name comes from réveille ( or réveil ) , the French word for `` wake up '' . British Army Cavalry and Royal Horse Artillery regiments sound a call different from the infantry version shown below , known as `` The Rouse '' but often misnamed `` Reveille '' , while the Scottish Regiments of the British Army sound a pipes call of the same name . Contents ( hide ) 1 Commonwealth of Nations and the United States 1.1 Lyrics 1.2 Music 2 Denmark 3 Germany 4 India 5 Ireland 6 Sweden 7 Boy Scouts of America 8 References 9 External links Commonwealth of Nations and the United States ( edit ) The tune used in the Commonwealth of Nations is different from the one used in the United States , but they are used in analogous ways : to ceremonially start the day . The U.S. version of `` Reveille '' In modern times , the U.S. military plays ( or sounds ) `` Reveille '' in the morning , generally near sunrise , though its exact time varies from base to base . On U.S. Army posts and Air Force bases , `` Reveille '' is played by itself or followed by the bugle call `` To the Colors '' at which time the national flag is raised and all U.S. military personnel outdoors are required to come to attention and present a salute in uniform , either to the flag or in the direction of the music if the flag is not visible . While in formation , soldiers are brought to the position of parade rest while `` Reveille '' plays then called to attention and present arms as the national flag is raised . On board U.S. Navy , Marine Corps , and Coast Guard facilities , the flag is generally raised at 0800 ( 8 am ) while `` The Star Spangled Banner '' or the bugle call `` To the Colors '' is played . On some U.S. military bases , `` Reveille '' is accompanied by a cannon shot . In Commonwealth Remembrance Day and Remembrance Sunday services , `` The Last Post '' begins the period of silent reflection , and `` Reveille '' ends it . The two tunes symbolize sunset and sunrise respectively , and therefore , death and resurrection . ( `` Reveille '' is often replaced by `` The Rouse '' , a bugle call commonly mistaken for `` Reveille '' , although these are actually two different tunes . ) `` To Reveille '' or `` to sound Reveille '' is often used among military personnel as a term meaning `` to notify personnel that it is time to wake up , '' whether the bugle call is actually sounded or not . Units lacking the personnel or equipment necessary to play the tune will often assign the duty to `` sound Reveille '' to the last watch of the night , who must ensure that others are roused at the proper time , by any appropriate means ( often by actually shouting the word `` reveille '' until everyone is awake ) . Lyrics ( edit ) Although there are no official lyrics to `` Reveille '' , these unofficial lyrics for the Commonwealth `` Reveille '' have been recently popularized : Rev - eil - lee ! Rev - eil - lee is sounding The bugle calls you from your sleep ; it is the break of day . You 've got to do your duty or you will get no pay . Come , wake yourself , rouse yourself out of your sleep And throw off the blankets and take a good peek at all The bright signs of day are here , so get up and do not delay . Get Up ! Or - der - ly officer is on his round ! And if you 're still a-bed he will send you to the guard And then you 'll get a drill and that will be a bitter pill : So be up when he comes , be up when he comes , Like a soldier at his post , a soldier at his post , all ser - ene . The first lines of the British Cavalry `` Reveille '' were for many years rendered as : Soldiers arise ! Scrub the bloody muck out of your eyes ... The infantry and general `` Reveille '' ran : Get out of bed , Get out of bed , You lazy bastards ! ( repeat ) I feel sorry for you , I do ! In the Royal Navy , `` Reveille '' was usually verbalised as : Wakey Wakey , Lash up and Stow ! To the U.S. tune : I ca n't get ' em up , I ca n't get ' em up , I ca n't get ' em up this morning ; I ca n't get ' em up , I ca n't get ' em up , I ca n't get ' em up at all ! The corporal 's worse than the privates , The sergeant 's worse than the corporals , Lieutenant 's worse than the sergeants , And the captain 's worst of all ! < repeat top six lines > An alternate rendition to the U.S. tune above : I ca n't get ' em up I ca n't get ' em up I ca n't get ' em up this morning ; I ca n't get ' em up I ca n't get ' em up I ca n't get ' em up at all ! And tho ' the sun starts peeping , And dawn has started creeping , Those lazy bums keep sleeping , They never hear my call ! < repeat top six lines > Still another U.S. version goes : You 've got to get up You 've got to get up You 've got to get up this morning You 've got to get up You 've got to get up Get up with the bugler 's call The major told the captain The captain told the sergeant The sergeant told the bugler The bugler told them all < repeat top six lines > Irving Berlin cited the lyrics in part of his song `` Oh ! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning '' from the musical This Is the Army : The hardest blow of all Is to hear the bugler call -- You got ta get up You got ta get up You got ta get up this morning Music ( edit ) Reveille and Rouse are composed , like all bugle music , solely from the notes of the major triad , usually notated in C as : C , the tonic ; E , the mediant ; and G , the dominant . Both the Commonwealth and United States `` Reveilles '' can be played with any combination of valves ( or all open valves ) , because they were first played on a bugle , which lacks valves and plays only notes from the harmonic series . Denmark ( edit ) The reveille , was previously used throughout the Royal Danish Army , but is now only played at sunrise and sunset at the Guard Hussar Regiment barracks , by buglers from mounted squadron 's drum and bugle corps . Germany ( edit ) Reise Reise is the wake up call on ships of the German Navy , the Deutsche Marine . It comes from the Low German word for rise . Every day on a German Navy ship starts with a wake - up call , the purren , which is started by the Locken , a whistle from the boatswain 's call given 5 minutes before the main wake - up call . The wake - up call is given by a long whistle and the call : Reise , reise , aufstehen , überall zurrt Hängematten . `` Rise , rise , wake up , get your hammock ready '' . India ( edit ) In the Indian Army , `` reveille '' is sounded at 06 : 00 ( or sunrise ) , and the regimental colours are hoisted . As this also signals the start of the physical training parade , for practical reasons , servicemen must awake prior to the sounding of reveille . Ireland ( edit ) In the Irish Army , reveille is sounded at dawn and at military wreath - laying ceremonies , as on the National Day of Commemoration . In Mountjoy Prison a large metal triangle was formerly beaten to wake the prisoners ; this was immortalised in the song `` The Auld Triangle . '' Sweden ( edit ) In Sweden , revelj ( reveille ) can be played on bugle , trumpet or drum . Today , it is usually played from a recording . There is also a reveille for military band composed by Johann Heinrich Walch that is used as the reveille of the Swedish Armed Forces . Boy scouts of America ( edit ) Within the Boy Scouts of America , it is common for reveille to be sounded as a `` wake up '' for a large encampment of scouts , usually a camporee , jamboree or summer camp . The music may be played over the camp 's intercom or bugled or trumpeted by the camp bugler . An individual scout unit may also sound reveille to rouse the scouts and scouters on a weekend trip , though this is less common . Troop Bugler is a position of leadership in some Troops . An instrumental rock version of the melody was recorded as `` Reveille Rock '' in 1959 by Johnny and The Hurricanes and released on Warwick Records , catalog number M - 513 . The record charted Billboard number 25 and number 14 in the UK . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Define Reveille at Dictionary.com '' . Dictionary.com Unabridged . Random House , Inc . Retrieved 10 February 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Rouse and the Reveille '' . Army . Commonwealth of Australia . Retrieved 7 July 2013 . Jump up ^ http://meritbadge.org/wiki/index.php/Bugler Jump up ^ http://www.bsahandbook.org/PDFs/troop.pdf External links ( edit ) `` Reveille '' from official U.S. Army Band website ( MP3 format ) `` Sveglia '' Italian `` Reveille '' bugle call from the Esercito Italiano website ( MP3 format ) `` Reveille '' from Norwegian Defence Force ( His Majesty the King 's Guard ) ( WMA format ) ( hide ) Bugle calls Adjutant 's Assembly Attention Boots and Saddles Quarters Charge Church Drill Fatigue Fire First First Sergeant 's Guard Mount Last Mail Mess Officer 's Pay Recall Reveille Rouse Sunset Taps Tattoo Norwegian Army Mexican Armed Forces Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reveille&oldid=835115854 '' Categories : Bugle calls Military life Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from January 2012 All articles needing additional references Articles with hAudio microformats Articles containing French - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013 Articles containing German - language text Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Norsk Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 6 April 2018 , at 17 : 12 . 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Question: what song is played while raising the american flag


Dust Bowl - Wikipedia Dust Bowl Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Dust Bowl ( disambiguation ) . Map of states and counties affected by the Dust Bowl between 1935 and 1938 originally prepared by the Soil Conservation Service . The most severely affected counties are colored . A farmer and his two sons during a dust storm in Cimarron County , Oklahoma , April 1936 . Iconic photo taken by Arthur Rothstein . The Dust Bowl , also known as the Dirty Thirties , was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s ; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion ( the Aeolian processes ) caused the phenomenon . The drought came in three waves , 1934 , 1936 , and 1939 -- 1940 , but some regions of the high plains experienced drought conditions for as many as eight years . With insufficient understanding of the ecology of the plains , farmers had conducted extensive deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains during the previous decade ; this had displaced the native , deep - rooted grasses that normally trapped soil and moisture even during periods of drought and high winds . The rapid mechanization of farm equipment , especially small gasoline tractors , and widespread use of the combine harvester contributed to farmers ' decisions to convert arid grassland ( much of which received no more than 10 inches ( 250 mm ) of precipitation per year ) to cultivated cropland . During the drought of the 1930s , the unanchored soil turned to dust , which the prevailing winds blew away in huge clouds that sometimes blackened the sky . These choking billows of dust -- named `` black blizzards '' or `` black rollers '' -- traveled cross country , reaching as far as the East Coast and striking such cities as New York City and Washington , D.C. On the Plains , they often reduced visibility to 3 feet ( 1 m ) or less . Associated Press reporter Robert E. Geiger happened to be in Boise City , Oklahoma , to witness the `` Black Sunday '' black blizzards of April 14 , 1935 ; Edward Stanley , Kansas City news editor of the Associated Press coined the term `` Dust Bowl '' while rewriting Geiger 's news story . While the term `` the Dust Bowl '' was originally a reference to the geographical area affected by the dust , today it is usually used to refer to the event , as in `` It was during the Dust Bowl '' . The drought and erosion of the Dust Bowl affected 100,000,000 acres ( 400,000 km ) that centered on the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma and touched adjacent sections of New Mexico , Colorado , and Kansas . The Dust Bowl forced tens of thousands of poverty - stricken families to abandon their farms , unable to pay mortgages or grow crops , and losses reached US $ 25 million per day by 1936 ( equivalent to US $440,000,000 in 2017 ) . Many of these families , who were often known as `` Okies '' because so many of them came from Oklahoma , migrated to California and other states to find that the Great Depression had rendered economic conditions there little better than those they had left . The Dust Bowl has been the subject of many cultural works , notably the novel The Grapes of Wrath ( 1939 ) by John Steinbeck , the folk music of Woody Guthrie , and photographs depicting the conditions of migrants by Dorothea Lange . Contents ( hide ) 1 Geographic characteristics and early history 2 Drought and dust storms 3 Human displacement 3.1 United States 3.2 Characteristics of migrants 4 U.S. government response 5 Long - term economic impact 6 Influence on the arts and culture 7 Aggregate changes in agriculture and population on the Plains 8 See also 8.1 Notable documentaries 8.2 International 8.3 General 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 External links Geographic characteristics and early History A dust storm approaches Stratford , Texas , in 1935 . The Dust Bowl area lies principally west of the 100th meridian on the High Plains , characterized by plains which vary from rolling in the north to flat in the Llano Estacado . Elevation ranges from 2,500 feet ( 760 m ) in the east to 6,000 feet ( 1,800 m ) at the base of the Rocky Mountains . The area is semiarid , receiving less than 20 inches ( 510 mm ) of rain annually ; this rainfall supports the shortgrass prairie biome originally present in the area . The region is also prone to extended drought , alternating with unusual wetness of equivalent duration . During wet years , the rich soil provides bountiful agricultural output , but crops fail during dry years . The region is also subject to high winds . During early European and American exploration of the Great Plains , this region was thought unsuitable for European - style agriculture ; explorers called it the Great American Desert . The lack of surface water and timber made the region less attractive than other areas for pioneer settlement and agriculture . The federal government encouraged settlement and development of the Plains for agriculture via the Homestead Act of 1862 , offering settlers 160 - acre ( 65 ha ) plots . With the end of the Civil War in 1865 and the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 , waves of new migrants and immigrants reached the Great Plains , and they greatly increased the acreage under cultivation . An unusually wet period in the Great Plains mistakenly led settlers and the federal government to believe that `` rain follows the plow '' ( a popular phrase among real estate promoters ) and that the climate of the region had changed permanently . While initial agricultural endeavors were primarily cattle ranching , the adverse effect of harsh winters on the cattle , beginning in 1886 , a short drought in 1890 , and general overgrazing , led many landowners to increase the amount of land under cultivation . Recognizing the challenge of cultivating marginal arid land , the United States government expanded on the 160 acres ( 65 ha ) offered under the Homestead Act -- granting 640 acres ( 260 ha ) to homesteaders in western Nebraska under the Kinkaid Act ( 1904 ) and 320 acres ( 130 ha ) elsewhere in the Great Plains under the Enlarged Homestead Act ( 1909 ) . Waves of European settlers arrived in the plains at the beginning of the 20th century . A return of unusually wet weather seemingly confirmed a previously held opinion that the `` formerly '' semiarid area could support large - scale agriculture . At the same time , technological improvements such as mechanized plowing and mechanized harvesting made it possible to operate larger properties without increasing labor costs . The combined effects of the disruption of the Russian Revolution , which decreased the supply of wheat and other commodity crops , and World War I increased agricultural prices ; this demand encouraged farmers to dramatically increase cultivation . For example , in the Llano Estacado of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas , the area of farmland was doubled between 1900 and 1920 , then tripled again between 1925 and 1930 . The agricultural methods favored by farmers during this period created the conditions for large - scale erosion under certain environmental conditions . The widespread conversion of the land by deep plowing and other soil preparation methods to enable agriculture eliminated the native grasses which held the soil in place and helped retain moisture during dry periods . Furthermore , cotton farmers left fields bare during winter months , when winds in the High Plains are highest , and burned the stubble as a means to control weeds prior to planting , thereby depriving the soil of organic nutrients and surface vegetation . Drought and Dust storms A dust storm ; Spearman , Texas , April 14 , 1935 `` Heavy black clouds of dust rising over the Texas Panhandle , Texas '' , c. 1936 . After fairly favourable climatic conditions in the 1920s with good rainfall and relatively moderate winters , which permitted increased settlement and cultivation in the Great Plains , the region entered an unusually dry era in the summer of 1930 . During the next decade , the northern plains suffered four of their seven driest calendar years since 1895 , Kansas four of its twelve driest , and the entire region south to West Texas lacked any period of above - normal rainfall until record rains hit in 1941 . When severe drought struck the Great Plains region in the 1930s , it resulted in erosion and loss of topsoil because of farming practices at the time . The drought dried the topsoil and over time it became friable , reduced to a powdery consistency in some places . Without the indigenous grasses in place , the high winds that occur on the plains picked up the topsoil and created the massive dust storms that marked the Dust Bowl period . The persistent dry weather caused crops to fail , leaving the plowed fields exposed to wind erosion . The fine soil of the Great Plains was easily eroded and carried east by strong continental winds . On November 11 , 1933 , a very strong dust storm stripped topsoil from desiccated South Dakota farmlands in just one of a series of severe dust storms that year . Beginning on May 9 , 1934 , a strong , two - day dust storm removed massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst such storms of the Dust Bowl . The dust clouds blew all the way to Chicago , where they deposited 12 million pounds of dust ( ~ 5500 tonnes ) . Two days later , the same storm reached cities to the east , such as Cleveland , Buffalo , Boston , New York City , and Washington , D.C. That winter ( 1934 -- 1935 ) , red snow fell on New England . On April 14 , 1935 , known as `` Black Sunday '' , 20 of the worst `` black blizzards '' occurred across the entire sweep of the Great Plains , from Canada south to Texas . The dust storms caused extensive damage and turned the day to night ; witnesses reported that they could not see five feet in front of them at certain points . Denver - based Associated Press reporter Robert E. Geiger happened to be in Boise City , Oklahoma that day . His story about Black Sunday marked the first appearance of the term Dust Bowl ; it was coined by Edward Stanley , Kansas City news editor of the Associated Press , while rewriting Geiger 's news story . Spearman and Hansford County have been literaly ( sic ) in a cloud of dust for the past week . Ever since Friday of last week , there has n't been a day pass but what the county was beseieged ( sic ) with a blast of wind and dirt . On rare occasions when the wind did subside for a period of hours , the air has been so filled with dust that the town appeared to be overhung by a fog cloud . Because of this long seige of dust and every building being filled with it , the air has become stifling to breathe and many people have developed sore throats and dust colds as a result . '' -- Spearman Reporter , 21 March 1935 Much of the farmland was eroded in the aftermath of the Dust Bowl . In 1941 , a Kansas agricultural experiment station released a bulletin that suggested reestablishing native grasses by the `` hay method '' . Developed in 1937 to speed up the process and increase returns from pasture , the `` hay method '' was originally supposed to occur in Kansas naturally over 25 -- 40 years . After much data analysis , the causal mechanism for the droughts can be linked to ocean temperature anomalies . Specifically , Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures appear to have had an indirect effect on the general atmospheric circulation , while Pacific sea surface temperatures seem to have had the most direct influence . Human displacement This catastrophe intensified the economic impact of the Great Depression in the region . United States Buried machinery in a barn lot ; Dallas , South Dakota , May 1936 In 1935 , many families were forced to leave their farms and travel to other areas seeking work because of the drought ( which at that time had already lasted four years ) . The abandonment of homesteads and financial ruin resulting from catastrophic topsoil loss led to widespread hunger and poverty . Dust Bowl conditions fomented an exodus of the displaced from Texas , Oklahoma , and the surrounding Great Plains to adjacent regions . More than 500,000 Americans were left homeless . Over 350 houses had to be torn down after one storm alone . The severe drought and dust storms had left many homeless ; others had their mortgages foreclosed by banks , or felt they had no choice but to abandon their farms in search of work . Many Americans migrated west looking for work . Parents packed up `` jalopies '' with their families and a few personal belongings , and headed west in search of work . Some residents of the Plains , especially in Kansas and Oklahoma , fell ill and died of dust pneumonia or malnutrition . `` Broke , baby sick , and car trouble ! '' - Dorothea Lange 's 1937 photo of a Missouri migrant family 's jalopy stuck near Tracy , California . The Dust Bowl exodus was the largest migration in American history within a short period of time . Between 1930 and 1940 , approximately 3.5 million people moved out of the Plains states ; of those , it is unknown how many moved to California . In just over a year , over 86,000 people migrated to California . This number is more than the number of migrants to that area during the 1849 Gold Rush . Migrants abandoned farms in Oklahoma , Arkansas , Missouri , Iowa , Nebraska , Kansas , Texas , Colorado , and New Mexico , but were often generally referred to as `` Okies '' , `` Arkies '' , or `` Texies '' . Terms such as `` Okies '' and `` Arkies '' came to be known in the 1930s as the standard terms for those who had lost everything and were struggling the most during the Great Depression . Not all migrants traveled long distances ; some simply went to the next town or county . So many families left their farms and were on the move that the proportion between migrants and residents was nearly equal in the Great Plains states . Characteristics of migrants A migratory family from Texas living in a trailer in an Arizona cotton field Historian James N. Gregory examined Census Bureau statistics and other records to learn more about the migrants . Based on a 1939 survey of occupation by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics of about 116,000 families who arrived in California in the 1930s , he learned that only 43 percent of southwesterners were doing farm work immediately before they migrated . Nearly one - third of all migrants were professional or white - collar workers . The poor economy displaced more than just farmers as refugees to California ; many teachers , lawyers , and small business owners moved west with their families during this time . After the Great Depression ended , some moved back to their original states . Many others remained where they had resettled . About one - eighth of California 's population is of Okie heritage . Us government response The greatly expanded participation of government in land management and soil conservation was an important outcome from the disaster . Different groups took many different approaches to responding to the disaster . To identify areas that needed attention , groups such as the Soil Conservation Service generated detailed soil maps and took photos of the land from the sky . To create shelterbelts to reduce soil erosion , groups such as the United States Forestry Service 's Prairie States Forestry Project planted trees on private lands . Finally , groups like the Resettlement Administration , which later became the Farm Security Administration , encouraged small farm owners to resettle on other lands , if they lived in dryer parts of the Plains . During President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's first 100 days in office in 1933 , his administration quickly initiated programs to conserve soil and restore the ecological balance of the nation . Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes established the Soil Erosion Service in August 1933 under Hugh Hammond Bennett . In 1935 , it was transferred and reorganized under the Department of Agriculture and renamed the Soil Conservation Service . It is now known as the Natural Resources Conservation Service ( NRCS ) . As part of New Deal programs , Congress passed the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act in 1936 , requiring landowners to share the allocated government subsidies with the laborers who worked on their farms . Under the law , `` benefit payments were continued as measures for production control and income support , but they were now financed by direct Congressional appropriations and justified as soil conservation measures . The Act shifted the parity goal from price equality of agricultural commodities and the articles that farmers buy to income equality of farm and non-farm population . '' Thus , the parity goal was to re-create the ratio between the purchasing power of the net income per person on farms from agriculture and that of the income of persons not on farms that prevailed during 1909 -- 1914 . To stabilize prices , the government paid farmers and ordered more than six million pigs to be slaughtered . It paid to have the meat packed and distributed to the poor and hungry . The Federal Surplus Relief Corporation ( FSRC ) was established to regulate crop and other surpluses . FDR in an address on the AAA commented , Let me make one other point clear for the benefit of the millions in cities who have to buy meats . Last year the Nation suffered a drought of unparalleled intensity . If there had been no Government program , if the old order had obtained in 1933 and 1934 , that drought on the cattle ranges of America and in the corn belt would have resulted in the marketing of thin cattle , immature hogs and the death of these animals on the range and on the farm , and if the old order had been in effect those years , we would have had a vastly greater shortage than we face today . Our program -- we can prove it -- saved the lives of millions of head of livestock . They are still on the range , and other millions of heads are today canned and ready for this country to eat . '' The FSRC diverted agricultural commodities to relief organizations . Apples , beans , canned beef , flour and pork products were distributed through local relief channels . Cotton goods were later included , to clothe the needy . In 1935 , the federal government formed a Drought Relief Service ( DRS ) to coordinate relief activities . The DRS bought cattle in counties which were designated emergency areas , for $14 to $20 a head . Animals determined unfit for human consumption were killed ; at the beginning of the program , more than 50 percent were so designated in emergency areas . The DRS assigned the remaining cattle to the Federal Surplus Relief Corporation ( FSRC ) to be used in food distribution to families nationwide . Although it was difficult for farmers to give up their herds , the cattle slaughter program helped many of them avoid bankruptcy . `` The government cattle buying program was a blessing to many farmers , as they could not afford to keep their cattle , and the government paid a better price than they could obtain in local markets . '' President Roosevelt ordered the Civilian Conservation Corps to plant a huge belt of more than 200 million trees from Canada to Abilene , Texas to break the wind , hold water in the soil , and hold the soil itself in place . The administration also began to educate farmers on soil conservation and anti-erosion techniques , including crop rotation , strip farming , contour plowing , terracing , and other improved farming practices . In 1937 , the federal government began an aggressive campaign to encourage farmers in the Dust Bowl to adopt planting and plowing methods that conserved the soil . The government paid reluctant farmers a dollar an acre to practice the new methods . By 1938 , the massive conservation effort had reduced the amount of blowing soil by 65 % . The land still failed to yield a decent living . In the fall of 1939 , after nearly a decade of dirt and dust , the drought ended when regular rainfall finally returned to the region . The government still encouraged continuing the use of conservation methods to protect the soil and ecology of the Plains . At the end of the drought , the programs which were implemented during these tough times helped to sustain a positive relationship between America 's farmers and the federal government . The President 's Drought Committee issued a report in 1935 covering the government 's assistance to agriculture during 1934 through mid-1935 : it discussed conditions , measures of relief , organization , finances , operations , and results of the government 's assistance . Numerous exhibits are included in this report . Long - term economic Impact In many regions , more than 75 % of the topsoil was blown away by the end of the 1930s . Land degradation varied widely . Aside from the short - term economic consequences caused by erosion , there were severe long - term economic consequences caused by the Dust Bowl . By 1940 , counties that had experienced the most significant levels of erosion had a greater decline in agricultural land values . The per - acre value of farmland declined by 28 % in high - erosion counties and 17 % in medium - erosion counties , relative to land value changes in low - erosion counties . Even over the long - term , the agricultural value of the land often failed to recover to pre-Dust Bowl levels . In highly eroded areas , less than 25 % of the original agricultural losses were recovered . The economy adjusted predominantly through large relative population declines in more - eroded counties , both during the 1930s and through the 1950s . The economic effects persisted , in part , because of farmers ' failure to switch to more appropriate crops for highly eroded areas . Because the amount of topsoil had been reduced , it would have been more productive to shift from crops and wheat to animals and hay . During the Depression and through at least the 1950s , there was limited relative adjustment of farmland away from activities that became less productive in more - eroded counties . Some of the failure to shift to more productive agricultural products may be related to ignorance about the benefits of changing land use . A second explanation is a lack of availability of credit , caused by the high rate of failure of banks in the Plains states . Because banks failed in the Dust Bowl region at a higher rate than elsewhere , farmers could not get the credit they needed to buy capital to shift crop production . In addition , profit margins in either animals or hay were still minimal , and farmers had little incentive in the beginning to change their crops . Patrick Allitt recounts how fellow historian Donald Worster responded to his return visit to the Dust Bowl in the mid-1970s when he revisited some of the worst afflicted counties : Capital - intensive agribusiness had transformed the scene ; deep wells into the aquifer , intensive irrigation , the use of artificial pesticides and fertilizers , and giant harvesters were creating immense crops year after year whether it rained or not . According to the farmers he interviewed , technology had provided the perfect answer to old troubles , such of the bad days would not return . In Worster 's view , by contrast , the scene demonstrated that America 's capitalist high - tech farmers had learned nothing . They were continuing to work in an unsustainable way , devoting far cheaper subsidized energy to growing food than the energy could give back to its ultimate consumers . In contrast with Worster 's pessimism , historian Mathew Bonnifield argued that the long - term significance of the Dust Bowl was `` the triumph of the human spirit in its capacity to endure and overcome hardships and reverses . '' Influence on the arts and culture Florence Owens Thompson seen in the photo Destitute Pea Pickers in California . Mother of Seven Children . by Dorothea Lange The crisis was documented by photographers , musicians , and authors , many hired during the Great Depression by the federal government . For instance , the Farm Security Administration hired numerous photographers to document the crisis . Artists such as Dorothea Lange were aided by having salaried work during the Depression . She captured what have become classic images of the dust storms and migrant families . Among her most well - known photographs is Destitute Pea Pickers in California . Mother of Seven Children , which depicted a gaunt - looking woman , Florence Owens Thompson , holding three of her children . This picture expressed the struggles of people caught by the Dust Bowl and raised awareness in other parts of the country of its reach and human cost . Decades later , Thompson disliked the boundless circulation of the photo and resented the fact she did not receive any money from its broadcast . Thompson felt it gave her the perception as a Dust Bowl `` Okie . '' The work of independent artists was also influenced by the crises of the Dust Bowl and the Depression . Author John Steinbeck , borrowing closely from field notes taken by Farm Security Administration worker and author Sanora Babb , wrote The Grapes of Wrath ( 1939 ) about migrant workers and farm families displaced by the Dust Bowl . Babb 's own novel about the lives of the migrant workers , Whose Names Are Unknown , was written in 1939 but was eclipsed and shelved in response to the success of the Steinbeck 's work , and was finally published in 2004 . Many of the songs of folk singer Woody Guthrie , such as those on his 1940 album Dust Bowl Ballads , are about his experiences in the Dust Bowl era during the Great Depression when he traveled with displaced farmers from Oklahoma to California and learned their traditional folk and blues songs , earning him the nickname the `` Dust Bowl Troubadour '' . Migrants also influenced musical culture wherever they went . Oklahoma migrants , in particular , were rural Southwesterners who carried their traditional country music to California . Today , the `` Bakersfield Sound '' describes this blend , which developed after the migrants brought country music to the city . Their new music inspired a proliferation of country dance halls as far south as Los Angeles . The 2014 science fiction film Interstellar features a ravaged 21st - century America which is again scoured by dust storms ( caused by a worldwide pathogen affecting all crops ) . Along with inspiration from the 1930s crisis , director Christopher Nolan features interviews from the 2012 documentary The Dust Bowl to draw further parallels . In 2017 , Americana recording artist Grant Maloy Smith released the album Dust Bowl -- American Stories , which was inspired by the history of the Dust Bowl . In a review , the music magazine No Depression wrote that the album 's lyrics and music are `` as potent as Woody Guthrie , as intense as John Trudell and dusted with the trials and tribulations of Tom Joad -- Steinbeck and The Grapes of Wrath . '' Aggregate changes in agriculture and population on the Plains The change in the total value of agricultural land and revenue was quite similar over the twentieth century . Agricultural land and revenue boomed during World War I , but fell during the Great Depression and the 1930s . The land and revenue began increasing again in 1940 , and has been increasing since then . From 1910 to the 1940s , total farmland increased and remained constant until 1970 when it slightly declined . During this time , total population increased steadily , but there was a slight dip in trend from 1930 to 1960 . See also U.S. Route 66 -- notable Dust Bowl migration route to California 1936 North American heat wave Great Plains Shelterbelt Ogallala Aquifer Notable documentaries The Dust Bowl -- 2012 documentary by Ken Burns The Plow That Broke the Plains -- 1936 documentary International Palliser 's Triangle -- semiarid area of Canada Goyder 's Line -- semiarid area of Australia General Desertification Monoculture Semi-arid climate Global warming References ^ Jump up to : `` Drought : A Paleo Perspective -- 20th Century Drought '' . National Climatic Data Center . Retrieved April 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` The American Experience : Drought '' . PBS . Retrieved March 15 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Black Sunday Dust Storm of 14 April 1935 '' . National Weather Service : Norman , Oklahoma . August 24 , 2010 . Retrieved November 23 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Mencken , H.L. ( 1979 ) . Raven I. McDavid , Jr. , ed . The American Language ( One - Volume Abridged ed . ) . New York : Alfred A Knopf . p. 206 . ISBN 0 - 394 - 40075 - 5 . Jump up ^ Hakim , Joy ( 1995 ) . A History of Us : War , Peace and all that Jazz . New York : Oxford University Press . ISBN 0 - 19 - 509514 - 6 . Jump up ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project . `` Consumer Price Index ( estimate ) 1800 -- '' . Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis . Retrieved January 2 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Bust : America - The Story of Us . A&E Television Networks . 2010 . OCLC 783245601 . Jump up ^ `` A History of Drought in Colorado : lessons learned and what lies ahead '' ( PDF ) . Colorado Water Resources Research Institute . February 2000 . Retrieved December 6 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` A Report of the Great Plains Area Drought Committee '' . Hopkins Papers , Franklin D. Roosevelt Library . August 27 , 1936 . Retrieved December 6 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` The Great Plains : from dust to dust '' . Planning Magazine . December 1987 . Archived from the original on October 6 , 2007 . Retrieved December 6 , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : Regions at Risk : a comparison of threatened environments . United Nations University Press . 1995 . Retrieved December 6 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Drought in the Dust Bowl Years . US : National Drought Mitigation Center . 2006 . Retrieved December 6 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Northern Rockies and Plains Average Temperature -- October to March '' . National Climatic Data Center . Retrieved September 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Northern Rockies and Plains Precipitation , 1895 -- 2013 '' . National Climatic Data Center . Retrieved September 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Kansas Precipitation 1895 to 2013 '' . National Climatic Data Center . Retrieved September 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Texas Climate Division 1 ( High Plains ) : Precipitation 1895 -- 2013 '' . National Climatic Data Center . Retrieved September 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` THE WEATHER OF 1941 IN THE UNITED STATES '' ( PDF ) . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved September 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Cronin , Francis D ; Beers , Howard W ( January 1937 ) . `` Areas of Intense Drought Distress , 1930 -- 1936 '' ( PDF ) . Research Bulletin . U.S. Works Progress Administration / Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research ( FRASER ) . pp. 1 -- 23 . Retrieved October 15 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Murphy , Philip G. ( July 15 , 1935 ) . `` The Drought of 1934 '' ( PDF ) . A Report of The Federal Government 's Assistance to Agriculture . U.S. Drought Coordinating Committee / Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research ( FRASER ) . Retrieved October 15 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Surviving the Dust Bowl '' . 1998 . Retrieved September 19 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Stock , Catherine McNicol ( 1992 ) . Main Street in Crisis : The Great Depression and the Old Middle Class on the Northern Plains , p. 24 . University of North Carolina Press . ISBN 0 - 8078 - 4689 - 9 . Jump up ^ Miller , Bill ( March 21 , 1935 ) . `` Nearly week seige of dust storm in county '' . Spearman Reporter . Spearman , Texas . Retrieved March 24 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Hornbeck , Richard ( December 2009 ) . `` The Enduring Impact of the American Dust Bowl : Short and Long - run Adjustments to Environmental Catastrophe '' ( PDF ) . US : National Bureau of Economic Research . Retrieved March 6 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : McLeman , Robert A ; Dupre , Juliette ; Berrang Ford , Lea ; Ford , James ; Gajewski , Konrad ; Marchildon , Gregory ( June 2014 ) . `` What we learned from the Dust Bowl : lessons in science , policy , and adaptation '' . Population and Environment. 35 ( 4 ) : 417 -- 440 . doi : 10.1007 / s11111 - 013 - 0190 - z . Jump up ^ A Cultural History of the United States -- The 1930s . San Diego , California : Lucent Books , Inc. , 1999 , p. 39 . Jump up ^ Schama , Simon ; Hobkinson , Sam ( 2008 ) . American Plenty . BBC . OCLC 884893188 . ^ Jump up to : `` First Measured Century : Interview : James Gregory '' . PBS . Retrieved March 11 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Babb , Sanora , Dorothy Babb , and Douglas Wixson . On the Dirty Plate Trail . Edited by Douglas Wixson . Autin , Texas : University of Texas Press , 2007 , p. 20 . Jump up ^ A Cultural History ( 1999 ) , p. 19 ^ Jump up to : Worster , Donald ( 1979 ) . Dust Bowl : The Southern Plains in the 1930s . Oxford University Press . p. 49 . Jump up ^ Worster , Donald . Dust Bowl -- The Southern Plains in the 1930s , New York : Oxford University Press , 2004 , p. 50 Jump up ^ Worster ( 2004 ) , Dust Bowl , p. 45 , Jump up ^ Gregory , N. James . ( 1991 ) American Exodus : The Dust Bowl Migration and Okie Culture in California . Oxford University Press . Jump up ^ Babb , et al. ( 2007 ) , On the Dirty Plate Trail , p. 13 Jump up ^ Steiner , Frederick ( 2008 ) . The Living Landscape , Second Edition : An Ecological Approach to Landscape Planning , p. 188 . Island Press . ISBN 1 - 59726 - 396 - 6 . Jump up ^ Rau , Allan . Agricultural Policy and Trade Liberalization in the United States , 1934 -- 1956 ; a Study of Conflicting Policies . Genève : E. Droz , 1957 . p. 81 . Jump up ^ `` The American Experience / Surviving the Dust Bowl / Timeline '' . Jump up ^ Monthly Catalog , United States Public Documents , By United States Superintendent of Documents , United States Government Printing Office , Published by the G.P.O. , 1938 Jump up ^ Federal Writers ' Project . Texas . Writers ' Program ( Tex . ) : Writers ' Program Texas . p. 16 . Jump up ^ Buchanan , James Shannon . Chronicles of Oklahoma . Oklahoma Historical Society . p. 224 . Jump up ^ PBS Timeline of Dust Bowl Jump up ^ A Cultural History ( 1999 ) , p. 45 . Jump up ^ United States . Agricultural Adjustment Administration and Murphy , Philip G. , ( 1935 ) , Drought of 1934 : The Federal Government 's Assistance to Agriculture `` . Accessed October 15 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Hornbeck , Richard ( June 2012 ) . `` The Enduring Impact of the American Dust Bowl : Short - and Long - Run Adjustments to Environmental Catastrophe '' ( PDF ) . American Economic Review . 102 ( 4 ) . pp. 1477 -- 1507 . doi : 10.1257 / aer. 102.4. 1477 . Retrieved March 31 , 2016 -- via Harvard University , Department of Economics . Jump up ^ Landon - Lane , John ; Rockoff , Hugh ; Steckel , Richard ( 2009 ) . `` Droughts , Floods , and Financial Distress in the United States '' ( PDF ) . National Bureau of Economic Research . p. 6 . Retrieved March 1 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Patrick Allitt , A Climate of Crisis : America in the Age of Environmentalism ( 2014 ) p 203 Jump up ^ Allitt p 211 , paraphrasing William Cronin 's evaluation of Mathew Paul Bonnifield , Dust Bowl : Men , Dirt and Depression ( 1979 ) ^ Jump up to : `` Destitute Pea Pickers in California : Mother of Seven Children , Age Thirty - two , Nipomo , California . Migrant Mother '' . World Digital Library . Retrieved February 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ DuBois , Ellen Carol ; Dumenil , Lynn ( 2012 ) . Through Women 's Eyes ( Third ed . ) . Bedford / St. Martin 's . p. 583 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 312 - 67603 - 2 . Jump up ^ `` Whose Names Are Unknown : Sanora Babb '' . Harry Ransom Center . Retrieved December 22 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Dayton Duncan , preface by Ken Burns ( 2012 ) . `` Biographies : Sanora Babb '' . The Dust Bowl : An Illustrated History . PBS . Retrieved February 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ See : Lanzendorfer , Joy , `` The forgotten Dust Bowl novel that rivaled `` The Grapes of Wrath '' , '' Smithsonian.com , 2016 May 23 . `` Sanora Babb , '' The Dust Bowl : a film by Ken Burns , PBS.org ( 2012 ) For the role of Tom Collins of the Farm Security Administration in Steinbeck 's novel , see : John Steinbeck with Robert Demott , ed. , Working Days : The Journals of The Grapes of Wrath , 1938 -- 1941 ( New York , New York : Penguin Books , 1990 ) , pp. xxvii -- xxviii , 33 ( journal entry for 1938 June 24 ) . Jump up ^ Alarik , Scott . Robert Burns unplugged . The Boston Globe , August 7 , 2005 . Retrieved on December 5 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Rosenberg , Alyssa ( November 6 , 2014 ) . `` How Ken Burns ' surprise role in ' Interstellar ' explains the movie '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved November 8 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Smith , Hubble ( June 1 , 2017 ) . `` Kingman gets a mention on Dust Bowl album '' . Kingman Daily Miner . Retrieved June 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Apice , John ( May 22 , 2017 ) . `` Expressive Original Songs Steeped In the Dirt & Reality of the Dust Bowl - Depression Era '' . No Depression . Retrieved June 11 , 2017 . Bibliography Bonnifield , Mathew Paul . ( 1979 ) Dust Bowl : Men , Dirt and Depression Gregory , James Noble . American exodus : The dust bowl migration and Okie culture in California ( Oxford University Press , 1989 ) Lassieur , Allison. ( 2009 ) The Dust Bowl : An Interactive History Adventure Capstone Press , ISBN 1 - 4296 - 3455 - 3 Reis , Ronald A. ( 2008 ) The Dust Bowl Chelsea House ISBN 978 - 0 - 7910 - 9737 - 3 Sylvester , Kenneth M. , and Eric S.A. Rupley , `` Revising the Dust Bowl : High above the Kansas Grassland '' , Environmental History , 17 ( July 2012 ) , 603 -- 33 . Worster , Donald 2004 ( 1979 ) Dust Bowl : The Southern Plains in the 1930s ( 25 . anniversary ed ) Oxford University Press . ISBN 0 - 19 - 517489 - 5 Woody Guthrie , ( 1963 ) The ( Nearly ) Complete Collection of Woody Guthrie Folk Songs , Ludlow Music , New York . Alan Lomax , Woody Guthrie , Pete Seeger , ( 1967 ) Hard - Hitting Songs for Hard - Hit People , Oak Publications , New York . Timothy Egan ( 2006 ) The Worst Hard Time , Houghton Mifflin Company , New York , hardcover . ISBN 0 - 618 - 34697 - X . Katelan Janke , ( 1935 ) Survival in the Storm : The Dust Bowl Diary of Grace Edwards , Dalhart , Texas , Scholastic ( September 2002 ) . ISBN 0 - 439 - 21599 - 4 . Karen Hesse ( paperback January 1999 ) Out of the Dust , Scholastic Signature . New York First Edition , 1997 , hardcover . ISBN 0 - 590 - 37125 - 8 . Sanora Babb ( 2004 ) Whose Names Are Unknown , University of Oklahoma Press , ISBN 978 - 0 - 8061 - 3579 - 3 . Sweeney , Kevin Z. ( 2016 ) . Prelude to the Dust Bowl : Drought in the Nineteenth - Century Southern Plains Norman , OK : University of Oklahoma Press . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dust Bowl . NASA Explains `` Dust Bowl '' Drought The Dust Bowl photo collection `` The Dust Bowl '' , a PBS television series by filmmaker Ken Burns The Dust Bowl ( EH.Net Encyclopedia ) Black Sunday , April 14 , 1935 , Dodge City , KS The Bibliography of Aeolian Research Surviving the Dust Bowl , Black Sunday ( April 14 , 1935 ) Voices from the Dust Bowl : The Charles L. Todd and Robert Sonkin Migrant Worker Collection , 1940 -- 1941 Library of Congress , American Folklife Center Online collection of archival sound recordings , photographs , and manuscripts YouTube Video : `` The Great Depression , Displaced Mountaineers in Shenandoah National Park , and the Civilian Conservation Corps ( C.C.C. ) '' Farming in the 1930s ( Wessels Living History Farm ) Out of the Dust ( The Modesto Bee ) Africa Data Dissemination Service , part of the Famine Early Warning Systems Network , U.S. Geological Service Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture -- Dust Bowl Oklahoma Digital Maps : Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory Dust Bowl Migration Archive at Sonoma State University Library Dust , Drought , and Dreams Gone Dry : Oklahoma Women in the Dust Bowl Oral History Project , Oklahoma Oral History Research Program Voices of Oklahoma interview with Frosty Troy . First person interview conducted on November 30 , 2011 with Frosty Troy talking about the Oklahoma Dust Bowl . Original audio and transcript archived with Voices of Oklahoma oral history project . Great Depression Topics Causes Wall Street Crash of 1929 Smoot - Hawley Tariff Act Dust Bowl New Deal Recession of 1937 -- 1938 Effects by area Australia Canada Chile Central Europe France Germany India Japan Latin America Netherlands South Africa United Kingdom United States Cities Commons History of Oklahoma Prior to 19th century Cooper Bison Kill ( 11th millennium BCE ) Spiro Mounds ( 9th -- 15th century CE ) 19th century Louisiana Purchase Arkansas Territory ( 1819 − 1824 ) Comanche -- Mexico Wars ( 1821 -- 1870s ) Cutthroat Gap Massacre ( 1833 ) Indian Removal Indian Territory ( 1834 -- 1907 ) Antelope Hills Expedition ( 1858 ) Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) Washita Massacre ( 1868 ) Oklahoma Territory ( 1890 -- 1907 ) Land runs ( 1890s ) 20th century State of Sequoyah ( 1905 ) State of Oklahoma ( 1907 ) Crazy Snake Rebellion ( 1909 ) Green Corn Rebellion ( 1917 ) Osage Indian murders ( 1920s ) Tulsa race riot ( 1921 ) Dust Bowl ( 1930s ) Red River Bridge War ( 1931 ) Oklahoma City bombing ( 1995 ) 21st century OU Bombing ( 2005 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&oldid=838466625 '' Categories : Dust Bowl Great Plains Great Depression in the United States 1930s in the United States 1930 in the United States Internal migrations in the United States History of agriculture in the United States History of the American West Environmental disasters in the United States History of the United States ( 1918 -- 45 ) Soil in the United States Droughts in the United States Agriculture in the United States Agriculture in Oklahoma Agriculture in Texas Agriculture in Canada 20th - century droughts 1930 natural disasters in the United States Natural disasters in Oklahoma 1930s natural disasters 1930s droughts Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2011 Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use mdy dates from March 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015 All Wikipedia articles needing clarification Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2016 All pages needing factual verification Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2016 Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu Azərbaycanca Català Чӑвашла Čeština Deutsch Diné bizaad Español فارسی Français Gaeilge ગુજરાતી 한국어 हिन्दी Íslenska Italiano עברית Latina Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 28 more Edit links This page was last edited on 27 April 2018 , at 05 : 48 . 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Question: when did the dust bowl end in oklahoma


The Impalas - wikipedia The Impalas Jump to : navigation , search For the girl group initially known as The Impalas , see The Jewels . The Impalas were an American doo - wop group in the late 1950s , best known for their hit , `` Sorry ( I Ran All the Way Home ) '' . The group formed in 1958 in Brooklyn , New York , and was composed of lead singer Joe `` Speedo '' Frazier ( September 5 , 1943 -- April 1 , 2014 ) , Richard Wagner , Lenny Renda and Tony Carlucci . They were a racially integrated group -- Frazier was the only black member . They recorded for Hamilton Records and were found by songwriters Artie Zwirn and Aristides `` Gino '' Giosasi , who wrote the song `` Sorry ( I Ran All The Way Home ) '' . In 1959 disc jockey Alan Freed heard the group , added his name as a writer of the song and got them a deal with MGM Records subsidiary label Cub . In the US , the record reached # 2 on the U.S. pop chart , # 14 on the R&B chart . Outside the US , `` Sorry ( I Ran All The Way Home ) '' peaked at # 28 on the UK Singles Chart . The song sold over one million copies , earning gold disc status . The group recorded follow - ups including `` ' Bye Everybody , '' `` Oh What A Fool , '' an album for Cub , and one further single for the 20th Century label before disbanding in 1961 . Frazier went on to sing with Love 's Own in 1973 , and in 1980 resurrected the Impalas as a touring act . Joe `` Speedo '' Frazier died on April 1 , 2014 , at the age of 70 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Bryan Thomas . `` The Impalas - Biography '' . AllMusic . Retrieved March 25 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 - 2004 . Record Research . p. 271 . Jump up ^ Roberts , David ( 2006 ) . British Hit Singles & Albums ( 19th ed . ) . London : Guinness World Records Limited . p. 268 . ISBN 1 - 904994 - 10 - 5 . Jump up ^ Murrells , Joseph ( 1978 ) . The Book of Golden Discs ( 2nd ed . ) . London : Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p. 115 . ISBN 0 - 214 - 20512 - 6 . Jump up ^ `` West Saint Paul Antiques '' . Weststpaulantiques.com . Retrieved 26 October 2017 . Jump up ^ `` JOE `` SPEEDO '' FRAZIER `` . Rockabilly.nl . Retrieved 26 October 2017 . External links ( edit ) Joe `` Speedo '' Frazier biography MusicBrainz : 9238d3e6 - 4d7c - 4457 - 8075 - aa49b2332974 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Impalas&oldid=807254556 '' Categories : Doo - wop groups American rhythm and blues musical groups Cub Records artists MGM Records artists Musical groups established in 1958 Musical groups disestablished in 1961 Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Talk About Wikipedia Deutsch Suomi Edit links This page was last edited on 26 October 2017 , at 21 : 22 . About Wikipedia

Question: who sang i ran all the way home


Keystone Heights , Florida - wikipedia Keystone Heights , Florida Jump to : navigation , search Keystone Heights , Florida City Images top , left to right : Lake Geneva , City Hall , Keystone Heights Junior / Senior High School Location in Clay County and the state of Florida Coordinates : 29 ° 47 ′ 14 '' N 82 ° 1 ′ 59 '' W  /  29.78722 ° N 82.03306 ° W  / 29.78722 ; - 82.03306 Coordinates : 29 ° 47 ′ 14 '' N 82 ° 1 ′ 59 '' W  /  29.78722 ° N 82.03306 ° W  / 29.78722 ; - 82.03306 Country United States State Florida County Clay Area Total 1.11 sq mi ( 2.88 km ) Land 1.10 sq mi ( 2.85 km ) Water 0.01 sq mi ( 0.03 km ) Elevation 141 ft ( 43 m ) Population ( 2010 ) Total 1,350 Estimate ( 2016 ) 1,461 Density 1,328.18 / sq mi ( 512.81 / km ) Time zone Eastern ( EST ) ( UTC - 5 ) Summer ( DST ) EDT ( UTC - 4 ) ZIP code 32656 Area code ( s ) 352 FIPS code 12 - 36475 GNIS feature ID 0285088 Keystone Heights is a city located in southwestern Clay County , Florida , United States . The population of the city was 1,350 at the 2010 census . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Geography 3 Demographics 4 City Council 5 References 6 External links History ( edit ) In 1918 , the area that would eventually become known as the city of Keystone Heights was a small community known as Brooklyn located along present day State Road 100 , about one mile north of the present location of Keystone Heights on Lake Brooklyn . In those early days Brooklyn consisted of a large unpainted building called the Brooklyn Hotel ; a combination general store and post office ; and several small houses scattered about . Property Developer John J. Lawrence , who hailed from Pennsylvania , noticed the area on a visit to Lake Brooklyn , and instantly became attracted to the region . In 1921 , the Lawrence family completed their home , the first house built in Keystone Heights , which overlooked Lake Geneva , and still lies there today at the corner of Jasmine Street & Lakeview Drive . The town would be incorporated as Keystone Heights , named after Lawrence 's home state of Pennsylvania 's nickname , the `` Keystone '' state , in 1925 . After hearing of natural wonders and the many different lakes of the area , other families moved to Keystone , putting a strain on those attempting to build structures within the city . Helping to address the issue , in late 1922 , C. Ray Lawrence came to Keystone Heights , and began laying out the streets and lots in the town . The next particularly significant event would come on New Year 's Day in 1924 , when the Keystone Inn opened . The inn was host to many events throughout the community , and essentially became an icon for the town . Tourists visiting the Inn would also frequent the Chautauqua . A large open pit that effectively served as a type of amphitheater , the Chautauqua served as a beacon for various musicians , artists , and speakers from the Chautauqua circuit in New York . Within just two years , people were traveling to the Keystone Inn and the community of Keystone Heights from great distances to experience the town for themselves . The small community boasted a public beach with a pavilion , picnic grounds and a nine - hole golf course . These events brought a variety of travelers , such as the University of Florida football team , which would stay at the Inn before their homecoming games . The inn no longer exists . It burned in October 1954 , and was never rebuilt . Today , the former property of the inn is a park in front of City Hall . The city gained the Keystone Heights school in 1926 . As the city rapidly grew , the school began to expand as well , and in 1963 , Keystone Heights High School and Keystone Heights Elementary were established on the property of what is today the elementary school . In September 1974 , the high school moved to its present - day location across the street , and became Keystone Heights Junior / Senior High School . In 2017 local beloved citizen Matt Morris ran and was elected Mayor of Keystone Heights . His impeccable reputation and can do attitude issued in a new era of growth and prosperity in Keystone . Geography ( edit ) Keystone Heights is located in northeast Florida in the southwest corner of Clay County , at 29 ° 47 ′ 14 '' N 82 ° 1 ′ 59 '' W  /  29.78722 ° N 82.03306 ° W  / 29.78722 ; - 82.03306 ( 29.787243 , - 82.033026 ) . The city overlooks the north shore of Lake Geneva . State Road 21 leads northeast 30 miles ( 48 km ) ( via SR 16 to Green Cove Springs , the Clay County seat , and south 18 miles ( 29 km ) to Hawthorne . SR 100 crosses SR 21 and leads north 12 miles ( 19 km ) to Starke and southeast 26 miles ( 42 km ) to Palatka . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 1.1 square miles ( 2.9 km ) , of which 0.012 square miles ( 0.03 km ) , or 1.16 % , is water . Demographics ( edit ) Historical population Census Pop . % ± 1930 107 -- 1940 145 35.5 % 1950 307 111.7 % 1960 655 113.4 % 1970 800 22.1 % 1980 1,056 32.0 % 1,315 24.5 % 2000 1,349 2.6 % 1,350 0.1 % Est. 2016 1,461 8.2 % U.S. Decennial Census As of the census of 2000 , there were 1,349 people , 515 households , and 374 families residing in the city . The population density was 296.9 people per square mile ( 114.7 / km2 ) . There were 562 housing units at an average density of 123.7 per square mile ( 47.8 / km2 ) . The racial makeup of the city was 96.07 % White , 0.44 % African American , 0.52 % Native American , 0.52 % Asian , 0.30 % Pacific Islander , 1.19 % from other races , and 0.96 % from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.67 % of the population . There were 515 households out of which 36.5 % had children under the age of 18 living with them , 56.7 % were married couples living together , 12.6 % had a female householder with no husband present , and 27.2 % were non-families. 24.1 % of all households were made up of individuals and 14.0 % had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older . The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.09 . In the city , the population was spread out with 28.1 % under the age of 18 , 8.1 % from 18 to 24 , 25.0 % from 25 to 44 , 21.5 % from 45 to 64 , and 17.3 % who were 65 years of age or older . The median age was 38 years . For every 100 females there were 86.1 males . For every 100 females age 18 and over , there were 81.3 males . The median income for a household in the city was $39,519 , and the median income for a family was $47,404 . Males had a median income of $37,500 versus $24,886 for females . The per capita income for the city was $19,157 . About 5.1 % of families and 8.3 % of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.5 % of those under age 18 and 7.5 % of those age 65 or over . City council ( edit ) Keystone Heights has a city manager form of government , with a mayor and four council members , all elected at large . They serve three year terms . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` 2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files '' . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved Jul 7 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Population and Housing Unit Estimates '' . Retrieved June 9 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` American FactFinder '' . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 31 . Jump up ^ `` US Board on Geographic Names '' . United States Geological Survey . 2007 - 10 - 25 . Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 31 . ^ Jump up to : `` Geographic Identifiers : 2010 Demographic Profile Data ( G001 ) : Keystone Heights city , Florida '' . U.S. Census Bureau , American Factfinder . Retrieved June 26 , 2014 . Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf Jump up ^ `` US Gazetteer files : 2010 , 2000 , and 1990 '' . United States Census Bureau . 2011 - 02 - 12 . Retrieved 2011 - 04 - 23 . Jump up ^ `` Census of Population and Housing '' . Census.gov . Archived from the original on May 12 , 2015 . Retrieved June 4 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) City of Keystone Heights Keystone Heights Airport Keystone Heights History & Demographics Municipalities and communities of Clay County , Florida , United States County seat : Green Cove Springs Cities Green Cove Springs Keystone Heights Towns Orange Park Penney Farms CDPs Asbury Lake Bellair - Meadowbrook Terrace Fleming Island Lakeside Middleburg OakLeaf Plantation Unincorporated communities Bellair Clay Hill Doctors Inlet Hibernia Lake Geneva McRae Meadowbrook Terrace Melrose ‡ North Meadowbrook Terrace Virginia Village Footnotes ‡ This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Jacksonville metropolitan area Central city Jacksonville Municipalities over 10,000 population ( in 2000 ) Jacksonville Beach ( Duval ) Atlantic Beach ( Duval ) Fernandina Beach ( Nassau ) St. Augustine ( St. Johns ) Municipalities 1,000 - 10,000 population ( in 2000 ) Baldwin ( Duval ) Neptune Beach ( Duval ) Green Cove Springs ( Clay ) Keystone Heights ( Clay ) Orange Park ( Clay ) Penney Farms ( Clay ) Callahan ( Nassau ) Hilliard ( Nassau ) Macclenny ( Baker ) Glen St. Mary ( Baker ) St. Augustine Beach ( St. Johns ) Hastings ( St. Johns ) Marineland ( St. Johns ) Crescent Beach ( St. Johns ) Counties Duval Clay St. Johns Nassau Baker Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Heights,_Florida&oldid=813957582 '' Categories : Cities in Clay County , Florida Cities in Jacksonville metropolitan area Cities in Florida Talk Contents About Wikipedia تۆرکجه Bân - lâm - gú Català Cebuano Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Ido Italiano Kreyòl ayisyen Malagasy Nederlands नेपाल भाषा Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Volapük 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 6 December 2017 , at 03 : 45 . 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Question: what is the population of keystone heights florida


List of cities and towns in Georgia ( country ) - wikipedia List of cities and towns in Georgia ( country ) Jump to : navigation , search Cities and towns in Georgia Cities and towns in Georgia by population size The following list of Georgian cities is divided into three separate lists for Georgia itself , and the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia . Although not recognized by most countries , Abkhazia and South Ossetia are de facto independent since , respectively , 1992 and 1991 and occupied by Russia since 2008 Russo - Georgian War . Contents ( hide ) 1 Cities and towns in Georgia 2 Cities and towns in Abkhazia 3 Cities and towns in South Ossetia 4 Future cities and towns 5 See also 6 References 6.1 Notes Cities and towns in Georgia ( edit ) This is a list of the cities and towns ( Georgian : ქალაქი , k'alak'i ) in Georgia , according to the 2014 census data of the Department of Statistics of Georgia . The list does not include the smaller urban - type settlements categorized in Georgia as daba ( დაბა ) . The list also does not include cities and towns in the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia . Rank Name Name in Georgian Population 1989 Population 2002 Population 2014 Administrative Region 1 . Tbilisi თბილისი 1,243,200 1,073,300 1,108,717 Tbilisi ( capital region ) 2 . Batumi ბათუმი 136,900 121,800 152,839 Adjara 3 . Kutaisi ქუთაისი 232,500 186,000 147,635 Imereti 4 . Rustavi რუსთავი 159,000 116,400 125,103 Kvemo Kartli 5 . Gori გორი 67,800 49,500 48,143 Shida Kartli 6 . Zugdidi ზუგდიდი 49,600 68,900 42,998 Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti 7 . Poti ფოთი 50,600 47,100 41,465 Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti 8 . Khashuri ხაშური 31,700 28,600 26,135 Shida Kartli 9 . Samtredia სამტრედია 34,300 29,800 25,318 Imereti 10 . Senaki სენაკი 28,900 28,100 21,596 Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti 11 . Zestafoni ზესტაფონი 25,900 24,200 20,814 Imereti 12 . Marneuli მარნეული 27,100 20,100 20,211 Kvemo Kartli 13 . Telavi თელავი 27,800 21,800 19,629 Kakheti 14 . Akhaltsikhe ახალციხე 24,700 18,500 17,903 Samtskhe - Javakheti 15 . Kobuleti ქობულეთი 20,600 18,600 16,546 Adjara 16 . Ozurgeti ოზურგეთი 23,300 18,700 14,785 Guria 17 . Kaspi კასპი 17,100 15,200 13,423 Shida Kartli 18 . Chiatura ჭიათურა 28,900 13,800 12,803 Imereti 19 . Tsqaltubo წყალტუბო 17,400 16,800 11,281 Imereti 20 . Sagarejo საგარეჯო 14,400 12,600 10,871 Kakheti 21 . Gardabani გარდაბანი 17,000 11,900 10,753 Kvemo Kartli 22 . Borjomi ბორჯომი 17,800 14,400 10,546 Samtskhe - Javakheti 23 . Tqibuli ტყიბული 22,000 14,500 9,770 Imereti 24 . Khoni ხონი 14,300 11,300 8,987 Imereti 25 . Bolnisi ბოლნისი 14,900 9,900 8,967 Kvemo Kartli 26 . Akhalkalaki ახალქალაქი 15,200 9,800 8,295 Samtskhe - Javakheti 27 . Gurjaani გურჯაანი 12,600 10,000 8,024 Kakheti 28 . Mtskheta მცხეთა 8,900 7,700 7,940 Mtskheta - Mtianeti 29 . Qvareli ყვარელი 11,300 9,000 7,739 Kakheti 30 . Akhmeta ახმეტა 8,900 8,600 7,105 Kakheti 31 . Kareli ქარელი 8,300 7,200 6,654 Shida Kartli 32 . Lanchkhuti ლანჩხუთი 9,000 7,900 6,395 Guria 33 . Tsalenjikha წალენჯიხა 9,300 9,000 6,388 Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti 34 . Dusheti დუშეთი 8,500 7,300 6,167 Mtskheta - Mtianeti 35 . Sachkhere საჩხერე 7,800 6,700 6,140 Imereti 36 . Dedoplistsqaro დედოფლისწყარო 10,100 7,700 5,940 Kakheti 37 . Lagodekhi ლაგოდეხი 9,000 6,900 5,918 Kakheti 38 . Ninotsminda ნინოწმინდა 6,900 6,300 5,144 Samtskhe - Javakheti 39 . Abasha აბაშა 7,200 6,400 4,941 Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti 40 . Tsnori წნორი 2,900 6,100 4,815 Kakheti 41 . Terjola თერჯოლა 6,300 5,500 4,644 Imereti 42 . Martvili მარტვილი 6,000 5,600 4,425 Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti 43 . Jvari ჯვარი 5,100 4,800 4,361 Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti 44 . Khobi ხობი 6,600 5,600 4,242 Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti 45 . Vani ვანი 6,400 4,600 3,744 Imereti 46 . Baghdati ბაღდათი 5,500 4,700 3,707 Imereti 47 . Vale ვალე 6,300 5,000 3,646 Samtskhe - Javakheti 48 . Tetritsqaro თეთრი წყარო 8,600 4,000 3,093 Kvemo Kartli 49 . Tsalka წალკა 8,000 1,700 2,874 Kvemo Kartli 50 . Dmanisi დმანისი 8,600 3,400 2,661 Kvemo Kartli 51 . Oni ონი 5,500 3,300 2,656 Racha - Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 52 . Ambrolauri ამბროლაური 2,900 2,500 2,047 Racha - Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 53 . Sighnaghi სიღნაღი 3,100 2,100 1,485 Kakheti 54 . Tsageri ცაგერი 1,400 2,000 1,320 Racha - Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Tbilisi , Capital of Georgia Batumi Cities and towns in Abkhazia ( edit ) This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Abkhazia . Data for 1989 is official data from the Department of Statistics of Georgia , data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer . Rank Name Name in Georgian Name in Abkhaz Population 1989 Population 2010 Administrative Region 1 . Sukhumi სოხუმი Аҟәа 119,200 39,100 Sukhumi District 2 . Tkvarcheli ტყვარჩელი Тҟәарчал 21,700 16,800 Ochamchire District 3 . Ochamchire ოჩამჩირე Очамчыра 20,100 14,300 Ochamchire District 4 . Gali გალი Гал 15,800 10,800 Gali District 5 . Gudauta გუდაუთა Гәдоуҭа 14,900 10,800 Gudauta District 6 . Pitsunda ბიჭვინთა Пиҵунда 11,000 8,500 Gagra District 7 . Gulripshi გულრიფში Гәылрыҧшь 11,800 8,200 Gulripshi District 8 . Gagra გაგრა Гагра 24,000 7,700 Gagra District 9 . New Athos ახალი ათონი Афон Ҿыц 3,200 3,700 Gudauta District Cities and towns in South Ossetia ( edit ) This is a list of the largest cities and towns in South Ossetia . Data for 1989 is official data from the Department of Statistics of Georgia , data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer . Rank Name Name in Georgian Name in Ossetian Population 1989 Population 2010 Administrative Region 1 . Tskhinvali ცხინვალი Цхинвал 42,300 30,000 Gori District Future cities and towns ( edit ) The intent to construct Lazica , a new city on Georgia 's Black Sea littoral , was unveiled by President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili on December 4 , 2011 . The construction was scheduled to be launched in 2012 . See also ( edit ) Administrative divisions of Georgia References ( edit ) Statistical Yearbook Of Georgia , 2009 . 36 -- 37 . Tbilisi , Georgia : Department of Statistics under the Ministry of Economic Development of Georgia . 2009 . ISBN 978 - 99928 - 72 - 38 - 3 . Retrieved 2010 - 02 - 08 . `` Georgia : largest cities and towns and statistics of their population '' . World Gazetteer . Archived from the original on 5 January 2013 . Retrieved 8 February 2010 . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Population Census 2014 '' . www.geostat.ge . National Statistics Office of Georgia . November 2014 . Retrieved 2 June 2016 . Jump up ^ Saakashvili Plans ' New Large City ' on Black Sea Coast . Civil Georgia . December 4 , 2011 . Cities , towns and townlets in Georgia Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia Sokhumi Akhali Atoni Gagra Gali Gudauta Ochamchire Tkvarcheli Bichvinta Gantiadi Gulripshi Leselidze Miusera Autonomous Republic of Adjara Batumi Kobuleti Makhinjauri Chakvi Ochkhamuri Keda Khelvachauri Shuakhevi Khulo Guria Ozurgeti Lanchkhuti Chokhatauri Kveda Nasakirali Laituri Naruja Ureki Imereti Kutaisi Chiatura Baghdati Khoni Sachkhere Samtredia Terjola Tkibuli Tsqaltubo Vani Zestaponi Kharagauli Kulashi Shorapani Kakheti Telavi Akhmeta Dedoplistsqaro Gurjaani Lagodekhi Sagarejo Sighnaghi Kvareli Tsnori Mirzaani Mtskheta - Mtianeti Mtskheta Dusheti Akhalgori Sioni Stepantsminda Tianeti Zhinvali Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti Zugdidi Abasha Anaklia Jvari Khobi Martvili Poti Senaki Tsalenjikha Chkhorotsqu Mestia Ushguli Samtskhe - Javakheti Akhaltsikhe Akhalkalaki Borjomi Ninotsminda Vale Abastumani Adigeni Akhaldaba Aspindza Bakuriani Bakurianis Andeziti Tsagveri Racha - Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Ambrolauri Oni Tsageri Kharistvala Kvaisa Lentekhi Kvemo Kartli Rustavi Bolnisi Gardabani Dmanisi Tetritskaro Marneuli Tsalka Bediani Kazreti Manglisi Shaumiani Tamarisi Trialeti Shida Kartli Gori Kaspi Kareli Tskhinvali Khashuri Agara Java Surami Kornisi Cities with local government Tbilisi Batumi Kutaisi Rustavi Gori Zugdidi Poti Telavi Akhaltsikhe Ozurgeti Mtskheta Ambrolauri Capital city Tbilisi List of places in Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard List of cities in Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Gibraltar List of towns in Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard List of cities in Asia Sovereign states Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor ( Timor - 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Klarjeti Kingdom of Hereti Kingdom of Kakheti - Hereti Kingdom of Georgia Byzantine -- Georgian wars Georgian -- Seljuk wars ( Battle of Didgori ) Georgian Golden Age Mongol invasions of Georgia Timur 's invasions of Georgia Principality of Samtskhe Turkmen invasions of Georgia Kingdom of Imereti Principality of Abkhazia Principality of Svaneti Principality of Guria Principality of Mingrelia Kingdom of Kartli Kingdom of Kakheti Shah Abbas I 's invasions of Georgia Kingdom of Kartli - Kakheti 1795 Persian Invasion Absorption by the Russian Empire Modern Democratic Republic of Georgia Georgian -- Armenian War Red Army invasion of Georgia Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic April 9 tragedy Independent Georgia Georgian Civil War War in Abkhazia Rose Revolution Russo - Georgian War By topic Name of Georgia Monarchs States Military history Wars Battles Timeline of Georgian history more Geography Birds Black Sea Climate Earthquakes Environmental issues Glaciers Greater Caucasus Lakes Lesser Caucasus Mammals National parks Protected areas Rivers Volcanoes more Subdivisions Administrative divisions Cities and towns Tbilisi Regions more Politics Cabinet Constitution Elections Human rights LGBT Law enforcement Military Air Force Coast Guard Land Forces National Assembly Political parties President Prime Minister Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Embassies in Georgia / of Georgia European Union NATO Georgian -- Abkhaz conflict Georgian -- Ossetian conflict Economy Agriculture Central bank Companies Energy International rankings Lari ( currency ) Mining Stock Exchange Telecommunications Tourism visa policy Transport Airports Autoroutes Railway Tbilisi Metro Stations more Culture Alphabet Architecture Art Chokha Cinema Cuisine Wine Dance Georgian language Laz Mingrelian Svan Media Music Mythology Names Public holidays Sports World Heritage Sites more Demographics Education Ethnic minorities Georgians List Diaspora Health care Women more Religion Georgian Orthodox Church Islam Catholicism Judaism Bahá'í Freedom of religion Secularism and irreligion more Symbols Anthem Bolnisi cross Borjgali Coat of arms Flag Motto Saint George cross Saint Nino cross Outline Index Book Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Georgia_(country)&oldid=819388271 '' Categories : Populated places in Georgia ( country ) Lists of cities by country Lists of cities in Europe Georgia ( country ) geography - 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I Dig rock and Roll Music - Wikipedia I Dig rock and Roll Music Jump to : navigation , search `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' Single by Peter , Paul and Mary from the album Album 1700 B - side `` The Great Mandella ( The Wheel of Life ) '' Released 1967 Format 7 '' Genre Folk rock psychedelic folk Length 2 : 31 Label Warner Bros . Songwriter ( s ) Paul Stookey James Mason Dave Dixon Producer ( s ) Albert Grossman Milt Okun Peter , Paul and Mary singles chronology `` For Baby ( For Bobbie ) '' ( 1966 ) `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' ( 1967 ) `` Too Much of Nothing '' ( 1967 ) `` For Baby ( For Bobbie ) '' ( 1966 ) `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' ( 1967 ) `` Too Much of Nothing '' ( 1967 ) `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' is a 1967 song by the American folk group Peter , Paul and Mary , written by Paul Stookey , James Mason and Dave Dixon . Background ( edit ) Credited to Stookey - Mason - Dixon , the song 's lyrics reference contemporary rock artists including the Mamas & the Papas , Donovan , and the Beatles . The song parodies and satirizes the vocal style of the Mamas & the Papas in the first verse , Donovan in the second verse and the Beatles in the third verse . Matthew Greenwald of AllMusic commented that the song `` simply celebrates the simple joy of pop music at the time . '' The song was a hit single for the group and reached number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 . In an interview with the Chicago Daily News in 1966 , a year before the song 's release , Mary Travers had expressed contempt for the emergence of the folk rock genre , `` it 's so badly written ... When the fad changed from folk to rock , they did n't take along any good writers . '' The line about Donovan and `` his crystal images '' refers to the mention of `` crystal spectacles '' in `` Epistle to Dippy '' . The song is also noted for its psychedelic feedback effects , miming the volume swell on the electric guitar from Donovan 's 1966 song `` Sunshine Superman '' . The backing vocal effect in the verse , parodying the Beatles , reflects `` Yellow Submarine '' . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ John Shepherd ( 8 July 2003 ) . Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World : VolumeII : Performance and Production . A&C Black . p. 212 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8264 - 6322 - 7 . Jump up ^ Rock Eras : Interpretations of Music and Society , 1954 - 1984 . Popular Press . 1987 . p. 198 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 87972 - 369 - 9 . Jump up ^ Greenwald , Matthew . Song Review by Matthew Greenwald at AllMusic . Retrieved February 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ David F. Lonergan ( 2005 ) . Hit Records , 1950 - 1975 . Scarecrow Press . p. 90 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8108 - 5129 - 0 . Jump up ^ `` Obituary : Mary Travers , 72 ; Member of Folk Group Peter , Paul and Mary '' . The Washington Post . September 17 , 2009 . Retrieved February 27 , 2016 . Peter , Paul and Mary Peter Yarrow Paul Stookey Mary Travers Studio albums Peter , Paul and Mary Moving In the Wind A Song Will Rise See What Tomorrow Brings The Peter , Paul and Mary Album Album 1700 Late Again Peter , Paul and Mommy No Easy Walk to Freedom In These Times Compilation albums The Best of Peter , Paul and Mary : Ten Years Together Songs of Conscience and Concern Live albums In Concert Peter , Paul & Mommy , Too Singles `` Lemon Tree '' `` If I Had a Hammer '' `` Puff , the Magic Dragon '' `` 500 Miles '' `` Blowin ' in the Wind '' `` Do n't Think Twice , It 's All Right '' `` Stewball '' `` Tell It on the Mountain '' `` The Times They Are a-Changin ' '' `` When the Ship Comes In '' `` San Francisco Bay Blues '' `` Early Morning Rain '' `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' `` Too Much of Nothing '' `` Day Is Done '' `` Leaving on a Jet Plane '' Other songs `` Where Have All the Flowers Gone ? '' `` And When I Die '' `` El Salvador '' `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' `` This Land Is Your Land '' `` Light One Candle '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Dig_Rock_and_Roll_Music&oldid=822138851 '' Categories : 1967 singles Peter , Paul and Mary songs Songs written by Paul Stookey 1967 songs Warner Bros. Records singles Song recordings produced by Milt Okun Songs about music Hidden categories : Articles with hAudio microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017 All Wikipedia articles needing clarification Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2018 Talk About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 24 January 2018 , at 16 : 43 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: who sang i dig rock and roll music