History of chocolate in Spain - Wikipedia History of chocolate in Spain Jump to : navigation , search A woman ( Aline Masson ) drinking a cup of chocolate , in a canvas by Raimundo Madrazo Typical 17th - century scene showing the preparation of chocolate The history of chocolate in Spain is part of the culinary history of Spain as understood since the 16th century , when the colonization of the Americas began and the cocoa plant was discovered in regions of Mesoamerica , until the present . After the conquest of Mexico , cocoa as a commodity travelled by boat from the port of Nueva España to the Spanish coast . The first such voyage to Europe occurred at an unknown date in the 1520s . However it was only in the 17th century that regular trade began from the port of Veracruz , opening a maritime trade route that would supply the new demand from Spain , and later from other European countries . Although chocolate was n't immediately adopted by European societies , it eventually made its way to becoming a high commodity . Once the Europeans realized the societal value of chocolate , they started to incorporate it more into their diet . From the early stages , the cocoa was sweetened with sugar cane , which the Spanish were the first to popularise in Europe . In pre-Columbus America chocolate was flavored with peppers and was a mixture of both bitter and spicy flavours . This made it an acquired taste and limited its appeal to the Spanish conquistadors , who were soon encouraged to sweeten it with sugar brought from the Iberian Peninsula in addition to heating it . Over a 100 - year period since its first appearance in the ports of Andalusia , chocolate became popular as a drink in Spain , where it was served to the Spanish monarchy . However , for a time the formula was unknown in the rest of Europe . Later chocolate spread from Spain to the rest of Europe , with the first countries to adopt it being Italy and France . The great popularity of the drink in Spanish society from that time until the 19th century is attested to in various reports written by travellers who visited the Iberian peninsula . It was said that `` chocolate is to the Spanish what tea is to the English '' . In this way chocolate was converted into a national symbol . The unusual fondness for this drink meant that coffee remained relatively unpopular in Spain compared to other European countries . In Spain , chocolate was exclusively considered a refreshing drink , and it was rarely used in other ways -- though there are older Spanish dishes that use cocoa . After the Spanish Civil War the custom declined in favour of coffee consumption . In modern Spain , traces of the history of the drink can be seen in the chocolate companies , the chocolate shops and museums . Contents ( hide ) 1 Pre-Columbian era 1.1 As currency 2 The age of discovery 2.1 Columbus ' first encounter 2.2 Encounters in New Spain 2.3 Naming the new product 2.4 First deliveries to Spain 3 The golden age of chocolate 4 Sources 5 References Pre-Columbian era ( edit ) See also : History of chocolate Mayan writing referring to cocoa The ( Mesoamerican ) origin of the cacao tree ( to which Linnaeus gave the scientific name Theobroma cacao in 1753 ) is disputed by modern botanical historians since there are different hypotheses about the region from which it comes . Thus , some theories point to the Amazon region ; however , it is estimated that the plant also grew in the wild in other parts of Americas , including the plains of the Orinoco Basin . It is very likely that the Olmecs knew the cacao plant , in 1000 BC and transmit its use and cultivation to the Mayans , who were the first to describe cocoa in their hieroglyphics . There is some link between the blood of human sacrifice and the intake of cocoa , and samples found in Mayan tombs strongly imply that the drink was common in the noble classes . The role played in religious ceremonies was explained by Diego de Landa , in his book List of Yucatan things . As currency ( edit ) The chronicles of the Spanish conquistadors contain numerous mentions of its use by the Aztecs as a form of currency , which used the Aztec vigesimal system the use of which was widespread . There were specific names , such as the countles consisting of four cocoa beans , the xiquipil consisting of twenty countles and the `` burden , '' which included three xiquipiles . Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo noted : `` So in the province of Nicaragua , a Rabbit is worth ten kernels and for four kernels they give eight apples or loquat of that excellent fruit they call munonzapot ; and a slave is worth more or less 100 of these kernels , depending on the negotiations between the parties involved . '' Cocoa was also valued in other contexts such as religious rituals , marital rituals or as medicine ( alone or mixed with other plants ) as well as being a nutritious food . The widely held belief that it was `` a gift from the gods '' gave it appeal in pre-Columbian societies as a symbol of economic well - being . Its use as a currency was mostly in the payment of taxes to the powerful . The age of discovery ( edit ) Cacao beans , which the Spanish thought similar in appearance to almonds . The discovery of new foods or preparation methods went through several stages of understanding . Firstly cocoa was understood as a food and later as a pleasant taste . The latter was only possible through adapting the food to flavours previously known . It is in these first encounters of the Spanish conquistadors with cocoa that we can see that the preparation stage was adapted , it was sweetened and flavoured with other spices such as cinnamon and served warm . After that they had a better understanding of the value of chocolate . Those three simple changes distinguished the chocolate consumed by the Spanish colonisers from the chocolate consumed by the natives . The same pattern occurs in other foods enjoyed at the time by the natives and Spanish . although none of those had an acceptance and a global demand in proportion similar to that of chocolate . Columbus ' first encounter ( edit ) Main article : Voyages of Christopher Columbus The navigator Christopher Columbus , with the economic backing of the Catholic Monarchs , first reached the shores of the New World on 12 October 1492 , initially believing that he had reached India . This voyage was carried out to expand markets by establishing new trade routes and therefore rival the Portuguese Empire , which was already well established in Asia . Following the success of that first voyage to the New World , others were organised with the intention of exploring and creating new trade routes . On his fourth voyage , Columbus , in 1502 , met an unexpected storm and was forced to temporarily land on 15 August on the Bay Islands . In their first explorations of the area , Columbus ' group came upon a boat of Mayan origin travelling from the Yucatán Peninsula . The Spaniards were surprised by the large size of the vessel . Columbus detained the vessel and examined the cargo , which contained cocoa beans that he called almonds in his diary . However , he did not attach importance to these , and after this original inspection he let the boat proceed with its cargo . In the later period from 1517 to 1519 , the Spanish conquistadors Bernal Díaz del Castillo ( who referred to the use of cocoa by Aztecs in his book Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España ) and Hernán Cortés both tried the drink and found it to have both bitter and spicy tastes due to the use of achiote . On occasions cornmeal and hallucinogenic mushrooms were also added to the drink . Thereafter the Spaniards knew that cocoa beans were considered legal tender by the locals . Fray Toribio de Benavente ( nicknamed Motolinía ) mentioned the existence of cocoa in his works such as Memorias or Libro de Cosas de la Nueva España o de los naturales de ella . Encounters in new Spain ( edit ) After the conquest of Mexico , the Aztec emperor , Montezuma , offered Hernán Cortés and his companions fifty jars of foaming chocolate . According to the account of Francisco Cervantes de Salazar , the great emperor had a stockpile of several thousand ' charges ' ( tens of thousands of cocoa `` kernels '' ) . The Italian Girolamo Benzoni in his book La Historia del Mondo Nuovo ( 1565 ) wrote that `` ... chocolate seemed more like a drink for pigs than a drink to be consumed by humans , '' noting that he had never tasted it despite residing there for over a year . José de Acosta also disparaged the drink , comparing the frothy foam capping chocolate to feces . Despite these caveats , Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo characterised it as an interesting ingredient , while showing some reluctance to describe how some Indians , after drinking it , had stained their lips as if they had ingested human blood . The perceptions of the Spaniards were changing , in part , due to their increasing reliance on native ingredients . The tortillas made with cornmeal or ( tamales ) , heated without the use of fat did not appear to satisfy the tastes of the conquerors used to pork and culinary techniques based on frying in fat , or sauteed with liberal use of olive oil or bacon . Foods popular in Spain at the time such as cheese were unknown to the inhabitants of the New World . As the Spanish settlers began to run out the stocks they brought with them , they had to find substitute foods . They therefore began to plant vegetables , such as chickpeas , cereals such as wheat and fruits like oranges or pears . Additionally they introduced the cultivation of olives , grapes and sugar cane . The latter ingredient became important . From the end of the 16th century onwards , sugar cane began to be added to the cocoa paste , which led to greater acceptance of cocoa among the Spanish settlers . During this settling in period , around the 1520s , the Spaniards had to get used to new foods and flavours while they attempted to adapt old world cultivation methods to the new climate . Equally , however , the new ingredients brought by the Spanish settlers such as wheat and chickpeas struggled to find acceptance among the native populations who preferred their own homegrown dishes . Those Spaniards from humble economic backgrounds often married richer Aztecs , often as concubines . Thus , they tended to eat food influenced by Aztec gastronomy . This hastened the spread of cocoa among both cultures . Bernal Díaz del Castillo mentioned that in a banquet held at the Plaza Grande in Mexico ( built on the ruins of the Aztec capital ) to celebrate peace between Carlos I of Spain and Francis I of France chocolate was served in golden tablets . The wide acceptance of cocoa by the Spanish conquistadors , especially the women , was also described by the Jesuit José de Acosta in his book Historia natural y moral de las Indias ( published in 1590 ) . Spanish acceptance of chocolate came about due to modifications made to the drink . For example , sugar was added , mirroring the native Mexican and Mayan practice of adding honey to cacao beverages . New World spices were replaced with similar Old World spices , in part for the sake of familiarity , but also out of practicality . The Madrid physician Colmenero de Ledesma recommended substituting the rose of Alexandria for mecaxochitl flower blossoms and black pepper for Mexican chilies , when necessary . Cacao beverages containing maize , such as atole , gradually phased out due to the fact that maize-less chocolate lasted longer , making it more suitable for cross-Atlantic trips . While these changes sought only to approximate the existing flavors of chocolate , in turn internalizing Mesoamerican tastes in the Spanish , they were significant enough to break down their initial aversion to cocoa . As a result , after the initial aversion to cocoa had disappeared , supplies were sent to Spain . The second major transformation of chocolate at the hands of the Spanish was in the serving method : the cocoa was heated until it became a liquid . This was in contrast to the natives of the New World , who generally drank it cold or at room temperature . The third change was the addition of spices from the Old World like cinnamon , ground black pepper or aniseed . Naming the new product ( edit ) The grinding stone , or cocoa grinding stone , widely used in Spain until the 19th century . The Aztec language , Nahuatl , was difficult for the Spanish troops stationed in Mexico to pronounce . The common ending tl sounded like te . Hernán Cortés ' difficulties with the language was evident in the letters he sent , where he writes `` Temistitan '' instead of Tenochtitlan and the tribal god Huitzilopochtli as `` Huichilobos . '' Coexistence between the two cultures led to the Spanish language borrowing certain Mesoamerican phrases or words such as coyote or maiz . Many dictionaries suggest that the word chocolate comes from the Nahuatl chocolatl , based on an evolution from - tl to - te , however , there are problems with this hypothesis . Firstly Coe argued that the word chocolatl does not appear in the Aztec cultural writings of the time . Similarly the word is not found in the work of Alonso de Molina , a lexicographer of the time , who wrote a book about the grammar of the Aztec language in 1555 . It is also absent from Bernardino de Sahagún 's encyclopedia and from the Huehuetlatolli ( `` The words of the ancients '' ) a guide to moral conduct . In all these works the word cacahuatl ( cocoa water ) is used . In his periodic letters , Hernán Cortés refers to ' cocoa . ' At an indeterminate time in the 16th century , the Spanish of New Spain began to use the word chocolatl . The Royal Family 's physician Francisco Hernández de Córdoba already knew this name in the 1570s , describing chocolatl as a drink consisting of cocoa beans and pochotl , a type of tree seed , both ground to powder . José de Acosta and his contemporaries also used the name chocolatl in Nueva España and the Yucatán making the word a neologism . However others have suggested that the word chocolatl came from xocoatl , where xoco means bitter and atl means water . Another possible explanation comes from the colonial habit of making hot cocoa , with many Mayan dictionaries of the time explaining that `` the drink called chocolate '' comes from chacau haa ( literally ' hot water ' ) which is phonetically close to chocolatl . First deliveries to Spain ( edit ) In 1520 the caravels began delivering Spanish cacao to Spain and the pirates with a letter of marque from England , perhaps due to ignorance of the new ingredient , burned and discarded the contents of the Spanish ships which they seized . No one knows for certain when cocoa first arrived in Spain , however it was considered a valuable material in the mid-16th century . The value which the product had can be seen in the strength of the Spanish galleons which carried the first cacao seeds to Spanish ports to prevent their theft . There is no evidence that Hernán Cortés himself brought any cacao back to Spain on his return trip , as when he met Carlos I , King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor in 1528 , cacao was not listed among the gifts brought back from the New World . The first deliveries to Spain were made by small galleys , which took advantage of the `` Chocolate wind '' , as the favourable North wind in the Gulf of Mexico was known . The first documentary evidence of chocolate in Spain comes from a delegation of Dominican monks led by Fray Bartolomé de las Casas , who travelled to the Iberian Peninsula in 1544 to visit Prince Philip , future Emperor Philip II . During the meeting , gifts of sweetgum , corn , and cocoa are documented . It also refers to a chocolate milkshake that was served , this being the first documented case of the presence of chocolate in Spain . The Dominican monks ' familiarity with this type of food may have facilitated the transmission of cocoa from the monasteries of Mesoamerica to Spain . Studies show that , prior to the reception , Father Aguilar would be the first in Spain to prepare jars of chocolate for the Abbot of the Piedra Monastery , Don Antonio de Alvaro . Other authors refer to the Benedictine monks as the first importers of chocolate in 1532 . The first deliveries were brought by the Maria del Mar galley through the port of Cadiz and were delivered to the Convent of the Third Franciscans of Seville . A quote from the Benedictines of the time was : `` Do not drink the cocoa , anyone but friar , sir or brave soldier . '' In 1585 , an embassy of Japan , visiting the Emperor Philip II in Alicante , was impressed by the offer of chocolate made by the nearby convent of the Poor Clares of Veronica . From the beginning , Spanish priests were the chocolate experts who spread their recipe among congregations . In 1601 , the confessor of the court in the city of Cordoba , Serven Serrietz , inserted small amounts of chocolate in vegetables . He attempted to plant cocoa in the Iberian Peninsula but the result was a complete failure , leading to the realisation that cultivation was best in latitudes between 20 degrees north and 20 degrees south . The expansion and the need to seek a favorable climate for growing new food meant that cocoa trees flourished in Fernando Poo ( in Spanish Guinea ) and from there spread across the African continent . At that time preparation of sweets and confectionery was largely in the hands of pharmacists who used chocolate in various secret recipes and pharmaceutical applications . The nutritional use of chocolate was debated in those early times , and possible medicinal uses of cocoa were investigated from the beginning : an example can be found in the Badianus Codex , written in 1552 . Chocolate and confectionery was served in Madrid in the 17th century , and locals in those establishments asked for the `` drink that came from the Indies . ' Reference to the public availability of chocolate is made by several visitors in the 18th century . In 1680 cocoa was served in combination with melted ice to the nobles present at the auto - da - fés . The writer Marcos Antonio Orellana makes reference to its popularity at the time in a brief rhyme : `` Pocillo '' chocolate with its `` grinder '' ( a wooden stick ) . A common way to make chocolate in Spain during the eighteenth century . ¡ Oh , divino chocolate ! que arrodillado te muelen , manos plegadas te baten y ojos al cielo te beben . The popularity of the drink among noble women was such that , not content with drinking it several times a day , they requested drinking it in church as well . This whim upset the bishops , who published a circular in 1861 banning chocolate consumption in churches during long sermons . Chocolatadas , held at the end of religious services , became popular . The golden age of chocolate ( edit ) By the early seventeenth century drinking chocolate began to be popular in Spain , and was first accepted by the upper classes . It gradually expanded in two directions : geographic and social . Other foods from The Americas were not so accepted in Spanish society of the time as cocoa . The remaining foodstuffs were relegated to botanical study situations , or incorporated in some new culinary preparations on exceptional occasions and with general reluctance . However , chocolate was part of a number of seventeenth century palace rituals offered to visitors , as part of the `` entertainment '' . This ritual was that the ladies of the Court offered their female visitors a dose of cocoa along with various sweets ( cakes , sweetened bread , muffins and brioches ) and a vase of snow . The chocolate was served to visitors who rested on cushions , surrounded by tapestries and the heat of braziers heat . Chocolatadas , the social custom of drinking chocolate in the community , had made their first appearance in Spain . Sources ( edit ) Spain portal Food portal This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish - language Wikipedia , which was accessed in the version of 1 July 2013 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ William H. Prescott ( 1860 ) , History of the Conquest of Mexico , Boughton Press . Jump up ^ Norton , Marcy ( 2004 ) . `` Conquests of Chocolate '' ( PDF ) . OAH Magazine of History . 18 ( 3 ) : 14 -- 17 . doi : 10.1093 / maghis / 18.3. 14 . Retrieved 28 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Graciela Ascarrunz De Gilman ; Marian Zwerling Sugano ( 1984 ) , Horizontes culturales y literarios , p. 63 . Jump up ^ Ángel Muro ( 1890 ) , El Practicón , Madrid Jump up ^ Carrie Evangeline Farnham ( 1921 ) , American travellers in Spain : The Spanish inns , 1776 -- 1867 , Columbia University Press . Jump up ^ Rosario García Cruz ( 2000 ) , Spanish companies in international markets , ESIC Editorial , p. 186 . ^ Jump up to : Kenneth F. Kiple ( 2000 ) , `` Cacao '' , The Cambridge World History of food , Cambridge University Press , Volume I , section III. e . Jump up ^ Louis Grivetti , Howard - Yana Shapiro ( 2009 ) , Chocolate : History , Culture , and Heritage , Willey . ISBN 0 - 470 - 12165 - 3 Jump up ^ Bogin , B. ( 1997 ) , The evolution of human nutrition . The Anthropology of Medicine : From Culture to Method , Romanucci - Ross , L. , Moerman , D.E. & Tancredi , L. R eds. , Bergin and Garvey , Westport , CT , pp. 98 - 142 . ^ Jump up to : René F. Millon ( 1955 ) , When Money Grew on Trees . A Study of Cacao in Ancient Mesoamerica , Unpublished doctoral dissertation , Department of Anthropology , Columbia University . Jump up ^ Claude Lévi - Strauss ( 1964 ) , Le Cru et le cuit , París . ^ Jump up to : Rafael Montal Montesa ( 1999 ) , El chocolate `` Las semillas de oro '' , Government of Aragón Jump up ^ John Germov , Lauren Williams ( 1999 ) , A sociology of Food and Nutrition , Oxford University Press . ^ Jump up to : Sophie D. Coe , Michael D. Coe ( 1996 ) , The true History of Chocolate , Thames & Hudson . Jump up ^ Alfred M. Tozzer ( 1941 ) , `` Landa 's Relación de las Cosas de Yucatán '' , Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology , 18 , Harvard University , Cambridge Mass . Jump up ^ Xavier Castro ( 2001 ) , `` Chocolate y Ayuno '' , in Ayunos y Yantares , Madrid , chapter 3 . Jump up ^ Francisco Cervantes de Salazar ( 1936 ) , Crónicas de Nueva España , México , 2 Vols. , Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnografía , Vol 2 : 107 Jump up ^ Girolamo Benzoni ( 1565 ) , La Historia del Mondo Nuovo , Venice . Jump up ^ Benjamín Hernández Blázquez ( 2007 ) , El viaje de los garbanzos , Madrid . ISBN 978 - 84 - 7392 - 672 - 0 Jump up ^ José de Acosta ( 1590 ) , Historia natural y moral , Madrid . Jump up ^ Colmenero de Ledesma . `` on the preference for chilies '' . Curiosos tratado . ^ Jump up to : Stephen T. Beckett ( 2008 ) , The Science of Chocolate , RSC Publishing , 2nd ed. , p. 6 . Jump up ^ Lyle Campbell , Terrence Kaufman ( 1976 ) , `` A linguistic look at the Olmec '' , American Antiquity , vol. 41 , no 1 , pp. 80 - 86 . ^ Jump up to : Joseph del Olmo ( 1680 ) , Relación histórica del Auto General de Fe que se celebró en Madrid este año de 1680 , Madrid Jump up ^ Karen Dakin and Søren Wichmann ( 2000 ) , `` Cacao and Chocolat '' , Ancient Mesoamerica , 11 : 1 : 55 - 75 , doi : 10.1017 / S0956536100111058 Jump up ^ Santamaría ( 1959 ) , Diccionario de mejicanismos Jump up ^ María del Carmen Simón Palmer ( 1997 ) , La Cocina del Palacio , Madrid , Castalia , p. 61 . ^ Jump up to : Augustine Estrada Monroy ( 1979 ) , El mundo kekchí de Vera - Paz , , Guatemala , Ed Army , p. 195 . Jump up ^ Luis Montreal Tejada ( 1990 ) , Apología del chocolate , Ed . Nestlé . Jump up ^ Teresa L. Dillinger et al. ( 2000 ) , Food of the Gods : Cure for Humanity ? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate , American Society for Nutritional Sciences . ^ Jump up to : Manuel M. Martínez Llopis ( 1989 ) , Historia de la Gastronomía de España , Alianza Editorial , p. 256 . Jump up ^ George Borrow ( 1983 ) , La Biblia en España , Alianza Editorial , 2nd ed . Jump up ^ Gregorio Mayans ( 1733 ) , Manual de fabricacion industrial de chocolate , Valencia , 11 page booklet with verses dedicated to chocolate . Jump up ^ Pegerto Saavedra ( 1992 ) , A vida coitá en Galicia de 1550 -- 1650 , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , p. 111 . ( hide ) Chocolate Overview Outline History ( in Spain ) Theobroma Theobroma Theobroma cacao Theobroma grandiflorum Theobroma bicolor Components Cocoa bean Cocoa butter Cocoa solids Chocolate liquor Drugs Anandamide Caffeine Phenethylamine Theobromine Theophylline Types Baking Compound chocolate Couverture chocolate Dark chocolate Milk chocolate Modeling chocolate Organic chocolate White chocolate Raw chocolate Products Chocolate bar brands Chocolate beverages Chocolate biscuit Chocolate brownie Chocolate cake Chocolate chip Chocolate chip cookie Chocolate coins Chocolate crackles Chocolate gravy Chocolate ice cream Chocolate liqueur Chocolate milk Chocolate pudding Chocolate spread Chocolate syrup Chocolate truffle Chocolate - covered foods Cioccolato di Modica Fudge Ganache Hot chocolate Mint chocolate Mocaccino Mole sauce Belgian chocolate Swiss chocolate Processes Aerated chocolate Broma process Chocolate bloom Chocolate temper meter Conche Dutch process Enrober Sugar crust Industry Big Chocolate Children in cocoa production Chocolaterie Chocolatier The Dark Side of Chocolate European Cocoa and Chocolate Directive Ghana Cocoa Board Ghana production Harkin -- Engel Protocol International Cocoa Organization Ivory Coast production Manufacturers ( vertical ) Nigeria production Philippine chocolate industry World Cocoa Foundation Other topics Chocoholic Chocolate fountain Chocolate museums Chocolatiers Health effects United States military chocolate Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_chocolate_in_Spain&oldid=821306700 '' Categories : Chocolate industry History of chocolate Spanish cuisine Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Français Bahasa Indonesia ភាសា ខ្មែរ Português Edit links This page was last edited on 19 January 2018 , at 17 : 20 . 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Period ( periodic table ) - wikipedia Period ( periodic table ) Jump to : navigation , search In the periodic table of the elements , each numbered row is a period . A period in the periodic table is one of the horizontal rows , all of those elements have the same number of electron shells . Going across a period , each element has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor . Arranged this way , groups of elements in the same column have similar chemical and physical properties , reflecting the periodic law . For example , the alkali metals lie in the first column ( group 1 ) and share similar properties , such as high reactivity and the tendency to lose one electron to arrive at a noble - gas electronic configuration . As of 2016 a total of 118 elements have been discovered and confirmed . The Madelung energy ordering rule describes the order in which orbitals are arranged by increasing energy according to the Madelung rule . Each diagonal corresponds to a different value of n + l . Modern quantum mechanics explains these periodic trends in properties in terms of electron shells . As atomic number increases , shells fill with electrons in approximately the order shown at right . The filling of each shell corresponds to a row in the table . In the s - block and p - block of the periodic table , elements within the same period generally do not exhibit trends and similarities in properties ( vertical trends down groups are more significant ) . However , in the d - block , trends across periods become significant , and in the f - block elements show a high degree of similarity across periods . Contents ( hide ) 1 Periods 1.1 Period 1 1.2 Period 2 1.3 Period 3 1.4 Period 4 1.5 Period 5 1.6 Period 6 1.7 Period 7 1.8 Period 8 2 References Periods ( edit ) Seven periods of elements occur naturally on Earth . For period 8 , which includes elements which may be synthesized after 2016 , see the extended periodic table . A group in chemistry means a family of objects with similarities like different families . There are 7 periods , going horizontally across the periodic table . Period 1 ( edit ) Group 18 Atomic # Name He The first period contains fewer elements than any other , with only two , hydrogen and helium . They therefore do not follow the octet rule . Chemically , helium behaves as a noble gas , and thus is taken to be part of the group 18 elements . However , in terms of its nuclear structure it belongs to the s block , and is therefore sometimes classified as a group 2 element , or simultaneously both 2 and 18 . Hydrogen readily loses and gains an electron , and so behaves chemically as both a group 1 and a group 17 element . Hydrogen ( H ) is the most abundant of the chemical elements , constituting roughly 75 % of the universe 's elemental mass . Ionized hydrogen is just a proton . Stars in the main sequence are mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state . Elemental hydrogen is relatively rare on Earth , and is industrially produced from hydrocarbons such as methane . Hydrogen can form compounds with most elements and is present in water and most organic compounds . Helium ( He ) exists only as a gas except in extreme conditions . It is the second lightest element and is the second most abundant in the universe . Most helium was formed during the Big Bang , but new helium is created through nuclear fusion of hydrogen in stars . On Earth , helium is relatively rare , only occurring as a byproduct of the natural decay of some radioactive elements . Such ' radiogenic ' helium is trapped within natural gas in concentrations of up to seven percent by volume . Period 2 ( edit ) Group 13 14 15 16 17 18 Atomic # Name Li Be 5 6 7 8 O 9 10 Ne Period 2 elements involve the 2s and 2p orbitals . They include the biologically most essential elements besides hydrogen : carbon , nitrogen , and oxygen . Lithium ( Li ) is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element . In its non-ionized state it is one of the most reactive elements , and so is only ever found naturally in compounds . It is the heaviest primordial element forged in large quantities during the Big Bang . Beryllium ( Be ) has one of the highest melting points of all the light metals . Small amounts of beryllium were synthesised during the Big Bang , although most of it decayed or reacted further within stars to create larger nuclei , like carbon , nitrogen or oxygen . Beryllium is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 1 carcinogen . Between 1 % and 15 % of people are sensitive to beryllium and may develop an inflammatory reaction in their respiratory system and skin , called chronic beryllium disease . Boron ( B ) does not occur naturally as a free element , but in compounds such as borates . It is an essential plant micronutrient , required for cell wall strength and development , cell division , seed and fruit development , sugar transport and hormone development , though high levels are toxic . Carbon ( C ) is the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen , helium and oxygen and is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass after oxygen , the third most abundant by number of atoms . There are an almost infinite number of compounds that contain carbon due to carbon 's ability to form long stable chains of C -- C bonds . All organic compounds , those essential for life , contain at least one atom of carbon ; combined with hydrogen , oxygen , nitrogen , sulfur , and phosphorus , carbon is the basis of every important biological compound . Nitrogen ( N ) is found mainly as mostly inert diatomic gas , N , which makes up 78 % of the Earth 's atmosphere by volume . It is an essential component of proteins and therefore of life . Oxygen ( O ) comprising 21 % of the atmosphere by volume and is required for respiration by all ( or nearly all ) animals , as well as being the principal component of water . Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe , and oxygen compounds dominate the Earth 's crust . Fluorine ( F ) is the most reactive element in its non-ionized state , and so is never found that way in nature . Neon ( Ne ) is a noble gas used in neon lighting . Period 3 ( edit ) Group 13 14 15 16 17 18 Atomic # Name 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 16 17 Cl 18 Ar All period three elements occur in nature and have at least one stable isotope . All but the noble gas argon are essential to basic geology and biology . Sodium ( Na ) is an alkali metal . It is present in Earth 's oceans in large quantities in the form of sodium chloride ( table salt ) . Magnesium ( Mg ) is an alkaline earth metal . Magnesium ions are found in chlorophyll . Aluminium ( Al ) is a post-transition metal . It is the most abundant metal in the Earth 's crust . Silicon ( Si ) is a metalloid . It is a semiconductor , making it the principal component in many integrated circuits . Silicon dioxide is the principal constituent of sand . As Carbon is to Biology , Silicon is to Geology . Phosphorus ( P ) is a nonmetal essential to DNA . It is highly reactive , and as such is never found in nature as a free element . Sulfur ( S ) is a nonmetal . It is found in two amino acids : cysteine and methionine . Chlorine ( Cl ) is a halogen . It is used as a disinfectant , especially in swimming pools . Argon ( Ar ) is a noble gas , making it almost entirely nonreactive . Incandescent lamps are often filled with noble gases such as argon in order to preserve the filaments at high temperatures . Period 4 ( edit ) Group 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Atomic # Name 19 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr From left to right : aqueous solutions of : Co ( NO ) ( red ) ; K Cr O ( orange ) ; K CrO ( yellow ) ; NiCl ( green ) ; CuSO ( blue ) ; KMnO ( purple ) . Period 4 includes the biologically essential elements potassium and calcium , and is the first period in the d - block with the lighter transition metals . These include iron , the heaviest element forged in main - sequence stars and a principal component of the earth , as well as other important metals such as cobalt , nickel , and copper . Almost all have biological roles . Completing the fourth period are the post-transition metals zinc and gallium , the metalloids germanium and arsenic , and the nonmetals selenium , bromine , and krypton . Period 5 ( edit ) Group 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Atomic # Name 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 54 Xe Period 5 has the same number of elements as period 4 and follows the same general structure but with one more post transition metal and one fewer nonmetal . Of the three heaviest elements with biological roles , two ( molybdenum and iodine ) are in this period ; tungsten , in period 6 , is heavier , along with several of the early lanthanides . Period 5 also includes technetium , the lightest exclusively radioactive element . Period 6 ( edit ) Group 3 ( Lanthanides ) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Atomic # Name 55 Cs 56 Ba 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu 72 Hf 73 Ta 74 75 Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn Period 6 is the first period to include the f - block , with the lanthanides ( also known as the rare earth elements ) , and includes the heaviest stable elements . Many of these heavy metals are toxic and some are radioactive , but platinum and gold are largely inert . Period 7 ( edit ) Group 3 ( Actinides ) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Atomic # Name 87 Fr 88 Ra 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Nh 114 Fl 115 Mc 116 Lv 117 Ts 118 Og All elements of period 7 are radioactive . This period contains the heaviest element which occurs naturally on earth , plutonium . All of the subsequent elements in the period have been synthesized artificially . Whilst five of these ( from americium to einsteinium ) are now available in macroscopic quantities , most are extremely rare , having only been prepared in microgram amounts or less . Some of the later elements have only ever been identified in laboratories in quantities of a few atoms at a time . Although the rarity of many of these elements means that experimental results are not very extensive , periodic and group trends in behaviour appear to be less well defined for period 7 than for other periods . Whilst francium and radium do show typical properties of groups 1 and 2 respectively , the actinides display a much greater variety of behaviour and oxidation states than the lanthanides . These peculiarities of period 7 may be due to a variety of factors , including a large degree of spin - orbit coupling and relativistic effects , ultimately caused by the very high positive electrical charge from their massive atomic nuclei . Period 8 ( edit ) Main article : Extended periodic table No element of the eighth period has yet been synthesized . A g - block is predicted . It is not clear if all elements predicted for the eighth period are in fact physically possible . There may therefore be no eighth period . Legend for the background color Background color shows subcategory in the metal -- metalloid -- nonmetal trend : Metal Metalloid Nonmetal Unknown chemical properties Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Lanthanide Actinide Transition metal Post -  transition metal Polyatomic nonmetal Diatomic nonmetal Noble gas Periodic table Periodic table forms Standard 18 - column 18 - column , large cells 32 - column , large cells Alternative Alternatives Chemical Galaxy Janet 's left step table Extended Extension beyond the 7th period Fricke model large cells Pyykkö model Sets of elements By periodic table structure Groups 1 ( Alkali metals ) 2 ( Alkaline earth metals ) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ( Pnictogens ) 16 ( Chalcogens ) 17 ( Halogens ) 18 ( Noble gases ) Periods 5 6 7 8 + Aufbau Fricke Pyykkö Blocks s - block p - block d - block f - block g - block Aufbau principle By metallicity Metals Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Lanthanides Actinides Superactinides Eka - superactinides Transition metals Post-transition metals Metalloids Lists of metalloids by source Dividing line Nonmetals Polyatomic nonmetals Diatomic nonmetals Noble gases Other sets Nutritional elements Platinum - group metals ( PGM ) Rare - earth elements Refractory metals Precious metals Coinage metals Noble metal Heavy metals Native metals Transuranium elements Transactinide elements Major actinides Minor actinides Elements Lists By : Abundance ( in humans ) Atomic properties Nuclear stability Production Symbol Properties Atomic weight Crystal structure Electron affinity Electron configuration Electronegativity Allen Pauling Goldschmidt classification Maximum valence Data pages Abundance Atomic radius Boiling point Critical point Density Elasticity Electrical resistivity Electron affinity Electron configuration Electronegativity Hardness Heat capacity Heat of fusion Heat of vaporization Ionization energy Melting point Oxidation state Speed of sound Thermal conductivity Thermal expansion coefficient Vapor pressure History Element discoveries Mendeleev 's predictions Naming Etymology controversies places scientists in East Asia See also IUPAC nomenclature systematic element name Trivial name Dmitri Mendeleev Book Category Chemistry Portal References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Palmer , David ( November 13 , 1997 ) . `` Hydrogen in the Universe '' . NASA . Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 05 . Jump up ^ `` hydrogen '' . Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Helium : physical properties '' . WebElements . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Helium : geological information '' . WebElements . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 15 . Jump up ^ Cox , Tony ( 1990 - 02 - 03 ) . `` Origin of the chemical elements '' . New Scientist . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Helium supply deflated : production shortages mean some industries and partygoers must squeak by '' . Houston Chronicle. 2006 - 11 - 05 . Jump up ^ Brown , David ( 2008 - 02 - 02 ) . `` Helium a New Target in New Mexico '' . American Association of Petroleum Geologists . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 15 . Jump up ^ Lithium at WebElements . Jump up ^ `` IARC Monograph , Volume 58 '' . International Agency for Research on Cancer . 1993 . Retrieved 2008 - 09 - 18 . Jump up ^ Information about chronic beryllium disease . Jump up ^ `` Functions of Boron in Plant Nutrition '' ( PDF ) . U.S. Borax Inc . Jump up ^ Blevins , Dale G. ; Lukaszewski , Krystyna M. ( 1998 ) . `` Functions of Boron in Plant Nutrition '' . Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology . 49 : 481 -- 500 . doi : 10.1146 / annurev. arplant. 49.1. 481 . PMID 15012243 . Jump up ^ Ten most abundant elements in the universe , taken from The Top 10 of Everything , 2006 , Russell Ash , page 10 . Retrieved October 15 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Chang , Raymond ( 2007 ) . Chemistry , Ninth Edition . McGraw - Hill . p. 52 . ISBN 0 - 07 - 110595 - 6 . Jump up ^ Freitas Jr. , Robert A. ( 1999 ) . Nanomedicine . Landes Bioscience . Tables 3 - 1 & 3 - 2 . ISBN 1 - 57059 - 680 - 8 . ^ Jump up to : `` Structure and Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons '' . Purdue University . Retrieved 2008 - 03 - 23 . ^ Jump up to : Alberts , Bruce ; Alexander Johnson ; Julian Lewis ; Martin Raff ; Keith Roberts ; Peter Walter . Molecular Biology of the Cell . Garland Science . Periodic table Periodic table forms Standard 18 - column 18 - column , large cells 32 - column , large cells Alternative Alternatives Chemical Galaxy Janet 's left step table Extended Extension beyond the 7th period Fricke model large cells Pyykkö model Sets of elements By periodic table structure Groups 1 ( Alkali metals ) 2 ( Alkaline earth metals ) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ( Pnictogens ) 16 ( Chalcogens ) 17 ( Halogens ) 18 ( Noble gases ) Periods 5 6 7 8 + Aufbau Fricke Pyykkö Blocks s - block p - block d - block f - block g - block Aufbau principle By metallicity Metals Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Lanthanides Actinides Superactinides Eka - superactinides Transition metals Post-transition metals Metalloids Lists of metalloids by source Dividing line Nonmetals Polyatomic nonmetals Diatomic nonmetals Noble gases Other sets Nutritional elements Platinum - group metals ( PGM ) Rare - earth elements Refractory metals Precious metals Coinage metals Noble metal Heavy metals Native metals Transuranium elements Transactinide elements Major actinides Minor actinides Elements Lists By : Abundance ( in humans ) Atomic properties Nuclear stability Production Symbol Properties Atomic weight Crystal structure Electron affinity Electron configuration Electronegativity Allen Pauling Goldschmidt classification Maximum valence Data pages Abundance Atomic radius Boiling point Critical point Density Elasticity Electrical resistivity Electron affinity Electron configuration Electronegativity Hardness Heat capacity Heat of fusion Heat of vaporization Ionization energy Melting point Oxidation state Speed of sound Thermal conductivity Thermal expansion coefficient Vapor pressure History Element discoveries Mendeleev 's predictions Naming Etymology controversies places scientists in East Asia See also IUPAC nomenclature systematic element name Trivial name Dmitri Mendeleev Book Category Chemistry Portal ( hide ) Periodic table ( Large cells ) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 He Li Be O Ne Na Mg Al Si Cl Ar Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Xe 6 Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 7 Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Lanthanide Actinide Transition metal Post -  transition metal Metalloid Polyatomic nonmetal Diatomic nonmetal Noble gas Unknown chemical properties Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Period_(periodic_table)&oldid=814084512 '' Categories : Periodic table Periods ( periodic table ) Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Galego 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Kreyòl ayisyen Latina Latviešu Lumbaart Magyar Македонски Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk ଓଡ଼ିଆ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ភាសា ខ្មែរ Plattdüütsch Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Soomaaliga Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Українська اردو Tiếng Việt West - Vlams Winaray 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 6 December 2017 , at 20 : 34 . 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Question: the elements in each period have the same number of


Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain - wikipedia Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain Jump to : navigation , search Part of a series on The Ten Commandments Moses receiving the Ten commandments , folio 422v of the Paris Psalter I am the LORD thy God No other gods before me No graven images or likenesses Not take the LORD 's name in vain Remember the sabbath day Honour thy father and thy mother Thou shalt not kill Thou shalt not commit adultery Thou shalt not steal Thou shalt not bear false witness Thou shalt not covet Related articles Tablets of Stone Ritual Decalogue Catholic theology `` Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain '' ( KJV ; also `` You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God '' ( NRSV ) and variants ) is one of the Ten Commandments . It is a prohibition of blasphemy , specifically , the misuse or `` taking in vain '' of the name of the God of Israel , or using His name to commit evil . Exodus 20 : 7 reads : `` Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain ; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain . '' ( KJV ) . Based on this commandment , Second Temple Judaism by the Hellenistic period developed a taboo of pronouncing the name of God at all , resulting in the replacement of the Tetragrammaton by `` Adonai '' ( literally `` my lords '' -- see Adonai ) in pronunciation . In the Hebrew Bible itself , the commandment is directed against abuse of the name of God , not against any use ; there are numerous examples in the Hebrew Bible and a few in the New Testament where God 's name is called upon in oaths to tell the truth or to support the truth of the statement being sworn to , and the books of Daniel and Revelation include instances where an angel sent by God invokes the name of God to support the truth of apocalyptic revelations . God himself is presented as swearing by his own name ( `` As surely as I live ... '' ) to guarantee the certainty of various events foretold through the prophets . Contents ( hide ) 1 Hebrew Bible 2 In Judaism 3 In the New Testament 4 In the Catholic Church 5 In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints 6 Reformation and post-Reformation doctrines 6.1 Winwood Reade 's doctrine 7 References 8 External links Hebrew Bible ( edit ) The Hebrew לא תשא לשוא is translated as `` thou shalt not take in vain '' . The word here translated as `` in vain '' is שוא shav ' `` emptiness , vanity ; emptiness of speech , lying '' , while `` take '' is נשא nasa ' `` to lift , carry , bear , take , take away '' ( appearing in the second person as תשא ) . The expression `` to take in vain '' is also translated less literally as `` to misuse '' or variants . Some have interpreted the commandment to be against perjury , since invoking God 's name in an oath was considered a guarantee of the truth of a statement or promise . Other scholars believe the original intent was to prohibit using the name in the magical practice of conjuration . Hebrew Bible passages also refer to God 's name being profaned by hypocritical behavior of people and false representation of God 's words or character . Many scholars also believe the commandment applies to the casual use of God 's name in interjections and curses ( blasphemy ) . The object of the command `` thou shalt not take in vain '' is את ־ שם ־ יהוה אלהיך at - shem - YHWH elohik `` this - same name of YHWH , thy elohim '' , making explicit that the commandment is against the misuse of the proper name Yahweh specifically . In the Hebrew Bible , as well as in the Ancient Near East and throughout classical antiquity more generally , an oath is a conditional self - curse invoking deities that are asked to inflict punishment on the oath - breaker . There are numerous examples in the Book of Samuel of people strengthening their statements or promises with the phrase , `` As surely as Yahweh lives ... '' and such statements are referred to in Jeremiah as well . The value of invoking punishment from God was based on the belief that God can not be deceived or evaded . For example , a narrative in the Book of Numbers describes how such an oath is to be administered by a priest to a woman suspected of adultery , with the expectation that the accompanying curse will have no effect on an innocent person . Such oaths may have been used in civil claims , regarding supposed theft , for example , and the commandment is repeated in the context of honest dealings between people in Leviticus 19 : 12 . At one point of the account of the dedication of the Temple of Solomon , Solomon prays to Yahweh , asking him to hear and act upon curses uttered in a dispute that are then brought before his altar , to distinguish between the person in the right and the one in the wrong . The prophet Isaiah rebuked Israel as the Babylonian Captivity drew near , pointing out that they bore the name of God , and swore by him , but their swearing was hypocritical since they had forsaken the exclusive worship of Yahweh for the worship of idols . The Israelites had been told in Leviticus that sacrificing their children to idols and then coming to worship God caused God 's name to be profaned , thus breaking the commandment . According to the Book of Jeremiah , Yahweh told him to look around Jerusalem , asserting that he would not be able to find an honest man -- `` Even when they say , As Yahweh lives , ' they are sure to be swearing falsely . '' Jeremiah refers to a situation in which Israelites repented and took oaths in God 's name -- only to renege by reclaiming as slaves persons they had freed as part of their repentance . This hypocritical act was also considered profaning God 's name . In Jeremiah 12 , an opportunity is also described for Israel 's neighbors to avoid destruction and prosper if they stop swearing by their idol and swear only by the name of Yahweh . In Judaism ( edit ) To avoid coming under guilt by accidentally misusing God 's name , Jewish scholars do not write or pronounce the proper name in most circumstances , but use substitutes such as `` Adonai ( the Lord ) , '' or `` HaShem ( the Name ) . '' In English translations of the Bible , the name Adonai is often translated `` Lord , '' while the proper name Yahweh represented by the tetragrammaton is often indicated by the use of capital and small capital letters , Lᴏʀᴅ . Joseph Telushkin , a Modern Orthodox rabbi , wrote that the commandment is much more than a prohibition against casual interjections using God 's name . He pointed out that the more literal translation of Lo tissa is `` you shall not carry '' rather than `` you shall not take '' , and that understanding this helps one understand why the commandment ranks with such as `` You shall not murder '' and `` You shall not commit adultery '' . One of the first commandments listed by Maimonides in the Mishneh Torah is the responsibility to sanctify God 's name . Maimonides thought the commandment should be taken as generally as possible , and therefore he considered it forbidden to mention God 's name unnecessarily at any time . Jewish scholars referred to this as `` motzi shem shamayim lavatalah '' , `` uttering the Name of Heaven uselessly . '' To avoid guilt associated with accidentally breaking the commandment , Jewish scholars applied the prohibition to all seven biblical titles of God in addition to the proper name , and established the safeguard of circumlocution when referring to the Name of God . In writing names of God , a common practice includes substituting letters or syllables so that the written word is not exactly the name , or writing the name in an abbreviated manner . Orthodox Jews will not even pronounce a name of God unless it is said in prayer or religious study . The Sacred Name ( Tetragrammaton ) , is never pronounced by these Jews but always read as `` Adonai ( the Lord ) , '' `` HaShem ( the Name ) , '' or sometimes `` AdoShem '' . May His great Name be blessed forever and ever . -- from the Kaddish The Kaddish is an important prayer in a Jewish prayer service whose central theme is the magnification and sanctification of God 's name . Along with the Shema and Amidah , it is one of the most important and central prayers of Jewish liturgy . In the New Testament ( edit ) In his Sermon on the Mount , Jesus taught that a person 's word should be reliable and one should not swear by God or his creation . In his letter , the Apostle James reiterates the instruction to just say ' yes ' or ' no ' and keep your word , `` so that you may not fall into condemnation . '' According to David Cook , appeals to authorities to validate the truth of a promise had expanded in Jesus ' day , which was not in line with the original commandment . Jesus is quoted as warning that they were blind and foolish who gave credibility to such arguments . According to the Gospel of John , Jesus made appeals to the power of the name of God and also claimed the name of God as his own , which constituted blasphemy if it were not true . The Gospel of John relates an incident where a group attempts to stone Jesus after he speaks God 's name . Jesus says that he is the Messiah , and makes parallels between himself and the `` Son of Man '' referred to by the prophet Daniel , which evokes an emphatic response that he has blasphemed ( broken the commandment ) and deserves death . Jesus came to them and said , `` All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me . Therefore go and make disciples of all nations , baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit . '' -- Matthew 28 : 18 -- 19 ( NIV ) The Apostle Paul occasionally invokes God 's name in his letters , calling God as witness to the purity of his motives and honesty of his dealings with the churches to whom he ministered . The author of Hebrews reviewed God 's promise to Abraham as assurance that outstanding promises will yet be fulfilled . `` Human beings , of course , swear by someone greater than themselves , and an oath given as confirmation puts an end to all dispute . '' In the case of the promise of God to Abraham , God swore by his own name to guarantee the promise , since there was nothing greater for him to swear by . Philo pointed out that it is natural that God would swear by himself , even though this is `` a thing impossible for anyone else . '' Similar to the events described in the Book of Daniel , the Book of Revelation includes a description of an angel who swears by God to the truth of the end - time events being revealed to John . In the Catholic Church ( edit ) O Lord , our Lord , how majestic is your name in all the earth ! -- Psalm 8 : 1 , Catechism of the Catholic Church 2160 The Catholic Church teaches that the Lord 's name is holy and should be introduced into one 's speech only to bless , praise or glorify that name . The name should be used respectfully , with an awareness of the presence of God . It must not be abused by careless speech , false oaths , or words of hatred , reproach or defiance toward God , or used in magic . Since Jesus Christ is believed to be the Messiah , and `` the image of the invisible God , '' this commandment is applied to the name of Jesus Christ as well . The sentiment behind this commandment is expressed in the Lord 's Prayer , which begins , `` Our Father who art in heaven , hallowed be thy name . '' According to Pope Benedict XVI , when God revealed his name to Moses he established a relationship with mankind ; Benedict stated that the Incarnation was the culmination of a process that `` had begun with the giving of the divine name . '' Benedict elaborated that this means the divine name could be misused and that Jesus ' inclusion of `` hallowed be thy name '' is a plea for the sanctification of God 's name , to `` protect the wonderful mystery of his accessibility to us , and constantly assert his true identity as opposed to our distortion of it . '' Taking an oath or swearing is to take God as witness to what one affirms . It is to invoke the divine truthfulness as a pledge of one 's own truthfulness . Promises made to others in God 's name engage the divine honor , fidelity , truthfulness , and authority . They must be respected in justice . To be unfaithful to them is to misuse God 's name and in some way to make God out to be a liar . ( 1 John 1 : 10 ) -- Catechism of the Catholic Church 2147 For the same reason , the Catholic Catechism teaches that it is a duty to reject false oaths that others might try to impose ; an oath may be made false because it attests to a lie , because an illegitimate authority is requiring it , or because the purpose of the oath is contrary to God 's law or human dignity . In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints ( edit ) Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints believe in this commandment as written in Exodus 20 . This commandment has been repeated in the LDS Scriptures such as the Book of Mormon and in Doctrine and Covenants . Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain ; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain . -- Mosiah 13 : 15 Keep yourselves from evil to take the name of the Lord in vain , for I am the Lord your God , even the God of your fathers , the God of Abraham and of Isaac and of Jacob . -- Doctrine and Covenants 136 : 21 ) And again , the Lord God hath commanded that men should not murder ; that they should not lie ; that they should not steal ; that they should not take the name of the Lord their God in vain ; that they should not envy ; that they should not have malice ; that they should not contend one with another ; that they should not commit whoredoms ; and that they should do none of these things ; for whoso doeth them shall perish . -- 2 Nephi 26 : 32 Former prophet and president of the Church , Spencer W. Kimball told the following story to inspire believers : President Kimball underwent surgery many years ago , he was wheeled from the operating room to the intensive care room . The attendant who pushed the gurney which carried him stumbled and let out an oath using the name of the Lord . President Kimball , who was barely conscious , said weakly , `` Please ! Please ! That is my Lord whose names you revile . '' There was a deathly silence ; then the young man whispered with a subdued voice , `` I am sorry . '' Reformation and post-reformation doctrines ( edit ) Matthew Henry described five categories of actions that constitute taking God 's name in vain : 1 ) hypocrisy -- making a profession of God 's name , but not living up to that profession ; 2 ) covenant breaking -- if one makes promises to God yet does not carry out the promised actions ; 3 ) rash swearing ; 4 ) false swearing ; and 5 ) using the name of God lightly and carelessly , for charms or spells , jest or sport . He pointed out that though a person may hold himself guiltless in one of these matters , the commandment specifically states that God will not . The Lutheran Witness , a doctrinal document representing the Lutheran faith , supports the view that oaths should not generally be taken at all , except `` for the glory of God and the welfare of our neighbor . '' Specifically , it states that proper use of God 's name includes administration of oaths in court , and in swearing - in a spiritual or political leader to their respective offices , which include responsibilities toward God and fellow human beings . In his Institutes of the Christian Religion , John Calvin sets the stage for discussing this commandment by noting that an oath is calling God to witness that what we say is true , and that an appropriate oath is a kind of worship of God in that it implies a profession of faith . When human testimony fails , people appeal to God as witness , as the only one able to bring hidden things to light and know what is in the heart . False swearing robs God of his truth ( to the observer ) , and therefore it is a serious matter . With regard to the casual use of God 's name , Calvin summarized , `` remember that an oath is not appointed or allowed for passion or pleasure , but for necessity . '' He wrote that the frequency of casual use of the name of God has dulled the public conscience but that the commandment , with its penalty , still stands . Winwood Reade 's Doctrine ( edit ) Historian Winwood Reade has a different interpretation of the third commandment : `` Invention of the Oath : But the chief benefit which religion ever conferred upon mankind , whether in ancient or in modern times , was undoubtedly the oath . The priests taught that if a promise was made in the name of the gods , and that promise was broken , the gods would kill those who took their name in vain . Such is the true meaning of the third commandment . Before that time treaties of peace and contracts of every kind in which mutual confidence was required could only be effected by the interchange of hostages . But now by means of this purely theological device a verbal form became itself a sacred pledge : men could at all times confide in one another ; and foreign tribes met freely together beneath the shelter of this useful superstition which yet survives in our courts of law . '' References ( edit ) Jump up ^ translating Biblical Hebrew לא תשא את ־ שם ־ יהוה אלהיך לשוא כי לא ינקה יהוה את אשר ־ ישא את ־ שמו לשוא ׃ Jump up ^ Oath , in The Zondervan Topical Bible , Viening , E. , ed. , Grand Rapids : Zondervan Publishing House , 1978 , ISBN 0 - 310 - 33710 - 0 , pp. 719 -- 720 Jump up ^ Live , in Carpenter , E.E. and Comfort , P.W. , Holman Treasury of Key Bible Words : 200 Greek and 200 Hebrew words defined and explained , Broadman & Holman Publishers , 2000 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 8054 - 9352 - 8 , p. 117 ; Bruce , F.F. , The Epistle to the Hebrews , The New International Commentary on the New Testament , Wm . B. Eardman 's Publishing Company , 1990 , ISBN 0 - 8028 - 2514 - 1 , p. 154 Jump up ^ Telushkin , J. , Jewish Literacy : The most important things to know about the Jewish religion , its people and its history . New York : William Morrow and Company , Inc. , 1991 , ISBN 0 - 688 - 08506 - 7 , p. 56 Jump up ^ Ten Commandments , Illustrated Dictionary & Concordance of the Bible , Wigoder , G. , general editor , et al. , G.G. The Jerusalem Publishing House , Ltd. , ISBN 0 - 89577 - 407 - 0 , p. 980 Jump up ^ en Commandments , HarperCollins Bible Dictionary , 1996 , Achtemeier Paul J. , ed. , New York : HarperCollins Publishers , ISBN 0 - 06 - 060037 - 3 , p. 1109 ; Names of God in the OT : Attenuation of the Divine Name , in The Anchor Bible Dictionary , Freedman , D.N. , editor - in - chief , New York : Doubleday , 1992 , ISBN 0 - 385 - 19362 - 9 , p. 1010 Jump up ^ See for examples Leviticus 18 : 21 , 20 : 3 , 21 : 6 ; Isaiah 48 : 1 -- 2 ; Jeremiah 5 : 1 -- 2 , 7 : 9 -- 15 ; Matthew Henry 's Commentary on the Whole Bible , Vol. 1 Commentary on Exodus 20 : 7 Jump up ^ See , for examples , 1 Samuel 14 : 39 , 45 , 17 : 55 , 20 : 3 , 20 : 21 , 25 : 26 , 25 : 34 , 26 : 10 , 26 : 16 , etc . Jump up ^ Numbers 5 : 19 -- 24 ; Isaacs RH , Every Person 's Guide to Jewish Sexuality , Jason Aronson Publishers , 2000 . ISBN 0 - 7657 - 6118 - 1 , pp. 74 -- 75 Jump up ^ First Kings 8 : 31 -- 32 ; Hooker , Paul , First and Second Chronicles , Westminster John Knox Press , 2001 , ISBN 0 - 664 - 25591 - 4 , p. 138 , 143 Jump up ^ Isaiah 48 : 1 -- 2 ; Isaiah 40 -- 66 , InterVarsity Press , 2007 , ISBN 0 - 8308 - 1481 - 7 , p. 99 Jump up ^ Leviticus 18 : 21 , 20 : 3 , 21 : 6 ; Matthew Henry 's Commentary on the Whole Bible , Vol. 1 Commentaries on Leviticus 18 : 21 , 20 : 3 and 21 : 6 Jump up ^ Jeremiah 5 : 1 -- 2 ; Calvin , J , McGrath A , and Packer , J.I. , Crossway Classic Commentaries : Jeremiah and Lamentations , Good News Publishers , 2000 ISBN 1 - 58134 - 157 - 1 , p. 43 Jump up ^ Jeremiah 34 : 16 ; Pixley , J. , Jeremiah , Chalice Press , 2004 , ISBN 0 - 8272 - 0527 - 9 , pp. 109 -- 110 Jump up ^ Jeremiah 12 : 16 -- 17 ; McKane , W. , A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Jeremiah : Introduction , Continuum International Publishing Group , 1986 , ISBN 0 - 567 - 05042 - 4 , p. 279 Jump up ^ Lamm , Norman , The Shema : Spirituality and law in Judaism , Philadelphia : The Jewish Publication Society , 2000 , ISBN 0 - 8276 - 0713 - X , pp. 23 -- 26 Jump up ^ The Episcopal Church , The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments ... , New York : Church Publishing Inc. , ISBN 0 - 89869 - 060 - 9 , p. 583 ; Barker , Kenneth , The Accuracy of the NIV , Baker Books , 1996 , ISBN 0 - 8010 - 5639 - X , p. 21 Jump up ^ Telushkin , J. , Jewish Literacy : The most important things to know about the Jewish religion , its people and its history . New York : William Morrow and Company , Inc. , 1991 , ISBN 0 - 688 - 08506 - 7 , pp. 56 -- 57 Jump up ^ The Kaddish Prayer : A new translation with a commentary anthologized from Talmudic , Midrashic and Rabbinic sources . New York : Mesorah Publications , Ltd. , 2001 , ISBN 0 - 89906 - 160 - 5 , p. 8 Jump up ^ Terumah 3b Jump up ^ Hoffman , L.A. , My people 's prayer book : traditional prayers , modern commentaries , Vol. 1 : The Sh'ma and its blessings , Jewish Lights Publishing , 1997 , ISBN 1 - 879045 - 79 - 6 p. 36 Jump up ^ Lamm , Norman , The Shema : Spirituality and law in Judaism , Philadelphia : The Jewish Publication Society , 2000 , ISBN 0 - 8276 - 0713 - X , p. 23 Jump up ^ The Kaddish Prayer : A new translation with a commentary anthologized from Talmudic , Midrashic and Rabbinic sources . New York : Mesorah Publications , Ltd. , 2001 , ISBN 0 - 89906 - 160 - 5 , p. 7 Jump up ^ Donin , Hayim Halevy , To pray as a Jew : a guide to the prayer book and the synagogue service , Jerusalem : Moreshet Publishing Co. , 1980 , ISBN 0 - 465 - 08628 - 4 , p. 216 Jump up ^ Matthew 5 : 33 -- 37 ; Jump up ^ James 5 : 12 Jump up ^ Hale , T. , Thorson , S. , Applied New Testament Commentary , Colorado Springs : David C. Cook , ISBN 978 - 0 - 7814 - 4865 - 9 , p. 200 Jump up ^ Matthew 23 : 18 -- 22 ; Long , T.G. , Matthew , Westminster John Knox Press , 1997 , ISBN 0 - 664 - 25257 - 5 , p. 261 Jump up ^ Kruse , C. , The Gospel According to John : an introduction and commentary , Wm B. Eerdman 's Publishing , 2004 , ISBN 0 - 8028 - 2771 - 3 , p. 342 Jump up ^ John 8 : 57 -- 59 ; Stott , J. , Warren , R. , Basic Christianity , Wm . B. Eerdman 's Publishing Co. , 2008 , ISBN 0 - 8028 - 6463 - 5 , p. 37 Jump up ^ Matthew 26 : 63 -- 66 ; Levy , L.W. , Blasphemy : verbal offense against the sacred , from Moses to Salman Rushdie , UNC Press , 1995 , ISBN 0 - 8078 - 4515 - 9 , p. 18 Jump up ^ 2 Corinthians 1 : 23 ; Galatians 1 : 20 ; Best , W.M. , Russell , J.A. , Morgan A. , The Principles of the Law of Evidence : rules for conducting examination and cross-examination of witnesses , Jersey City : Federick D. Linn & Co. , 1882 , p. 255 Jump up ^ Hebrews 6 : 16 ( NRSV ) Jump up ^ Mitchell , A.C. , Harrington , D.J. , Hebrews , Liturgical Press , 2007 , ISBN 0 - 8146 - 5815 - 6 , pp. 131 -- 132 Jump up ^ Bruce , F.F. , Epistle to the Hebrews , Wm . B. Eerdman 's Publishing , 1990 , ISBN 0 - 8028 - 2514 - 1 , pp. 153 -- 154 Jump up ^ Revelation 10 : 5 , 6 ; Smith , Robert H. , Apocalypse : A commentary on Revelation in words and images , Order of St. Benedict , Inc. , 2000 , ISBN 0 - 8146 - 2707 - 2 , p. 54 Jump up ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church 2143 Jump up ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church 2144 -- 2145 , 2153 Jump up ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church 2148 -- 2149 Jump up ^ Luke 15 : 11 -- 32 ; Catechism of the Catholic Church 1701 Jump up ^ Benedict XVI , pp. 143 -- 145 Jump up ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church 2150 Jump up ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church 2151 -- 2153 Jump up ^ http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/13.15?lang=eng#14 Jump up ^ http://www.lds.org/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/136.21?lang=eng#20 Jump up ^ http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/26.32?lang=eng#31 Jump up ^ The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball , ed . Edward L. Kimball ( 1982 ) , 198 Jump up ^ Matthew Henry 's Commentary on the Whole Bible , Vol. 1 Commentary on Exodus 20 : 7 Jump up ^ The Lutheran witness , Volume 11 , General English Lutheran Conference of Missouri and Other States , English Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri and Other States , Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri , Ohio , and Other States , Lutheran Church -- Missouri Synod , Edited and published under the auspices of the Cleveland District Conference by C.A. Frank , 1892 , p. 181 Jump up ^ Calvin , John , ( Beveridge , Henry ) , Institutes of the Christian Religion , Hendrickson Publishers , 2008 , ISBN 1 - 59856 - 168 - 5 , pp. 246 -- 248 Jump up ^ Winwood Reade `` The Matyrdom of Man '' , Trubner & Co , London 1872 . External links ( edit ) The Third Commandment in Masoretic Hebrew , Septuagint Greek and several English versions Aseret Hadiberot on the commandment not to take ( or carry ) the name of God in vain ( emptiness ) . ( hide ) Ten Commandments Commandments I am the Lord thy God Thou shalt have no other gods before me Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain Remember the sabbath day , to keep it holy Honour thy father and thy mother Thou shalt not kill Thou shalt not commit adultery Thou shalt not steal Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour Thou shalt not covet Modern media The Ten Commandments : The Musical K10C : Kids ' Ten Commandments Les Dix Commandements ( musical ) 2007 film 2010 film The Ten Commandments ( 2007 film ) The Ten Commandments ( 1956 film ) The Ten Commandments ( 1923 film ) Related articles 613 Mitzvot Alternatives Catholic theology Finger of God Ritual Decalogue Seven Laws of Noah Tablets of Stone Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thou_shalt_not_take_the_name_of_the_Lord_thy_God_in_vain&oldid=837312259 '' Categories : Ten Commandments Yahweh Blasphemy Religious oaths Biblical phrases Negative Mitzvoth Hidden categories : Articles containing Hebrew - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia עברית ไทย Edit links This page was last edited on 20 April 2018 , at 01 : 27 . 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Question: bible verse taking the lord's name in vain


When Calls the Heart - wikipedia When Calls the Heart Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with When the Heart Calls . When Calls the Heart Genre Family Drama Western Based on When Calls the Heart by Janette Oke Developed by Michael Landon Jr . Starring Erin Krakow Daniel Lissing Lori Loughlin Martin Cummins Jack Wagner Pascale Hutton Kavan Smith Country of origin Canada United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 5 No. of episodes 50 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Michael Landon Jr . Jimmy Townsend Roman Viaris Francisco Gonzalez Brian Bird Brad Krevoy Producer ( s ) Vicki Sotheran Greg Malcolm Location ( s ) Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada Running time 42 -- 84 minutes Production company ( s ) Believe Pictures Brad Krevoy Television Jordan Films Release Original network Hallmark Channel ( U.S. ) Super Channel ( Canada ) Picture format 480i ( SDTV ) 1080i ( HDTV ) Original release January 11 , 2014 ( 2014 - 01 - 11 ) -- present ( present ) External links Website When Calls the Heart is a Canadian - American television drama series , inspired by Janette Oke 's book of the same name from her Canadian West series , and developed by Michael Landon Jr . The series began airing on the Hallmark Channel in the United States on January 11 , 2014 , and on April 16 , 2014 on Super Channel in Canada . The series originally debuted as a two - hour television movie pilot in October 2013 , starring Maggie Grace as young teacher Elizabeth Thatcher and Stephen Amell as North West Mounted Police officer Wynn Delaney . In the television series Erin Krakow is cast as her niece , whose name is also Elizabeth Thatcher ( played by Poppy Drayton in the movie ) , and Daniel Lissing plays a Mountie named Jack Thornton , with Lori Loughlin reprising her role as coal mine widow Abigail Stanton . On April 24 , 2017 , Krakow announced via the Hallmark Channel website that the show would return for a fifth season , which premiered with a two - hour Christmas special broadcast as part of Hallmark 's Countdown to Christmas event and resumed in February 2018 , ending in April . On March 21 , 2018 , Hallmark renewed the series for a sixth season . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Episodes 3 Cast 3.1 Main 3.2 Recurring 4 Characters 5 Production 6 Broadcast 7 References 8 External links Plot ( edit ) When Calls the Heart tells the story of Elizabeth Thatcher ( Erin Krakow ) , a young teacher accustomed to her high - society life . She receives her first classroom assignment in Coal Valley , a small coal - mining town in Western Canada which is located just south of Robb , Alberta . There , life is simple -- but often fraught with challenges . Elizabeth charms most everyone in Coal Valley , except Royal North West Mounted Police Constable Jack Thornton ( Daniel Lissing ) . He believes Thatcher 's wealthy father has doomed the lawman 's career by insisting he be assigned in town to protect the shipping magnate 's daughter . The town of Coal Valley was renamed Hope Valley in Episode 2 , Season 2 after the coal mine was closed . Living in this 1910 coal town , Elizabeth must learn the ways of the Canadian frontier movement if she wishes to thrive in the rural west on her own . Lori Loughlin portrays Abigail Stanton , whose husband , the foreman of the mine , and her only son -- along with 45 other miners -- have recently been killed in an explosion , which turns out to have been a tragic accident waiting to happen -- a result of the mining - company site manager 's irresponsible management and lack of due care in his management of the mine . The newly widowed women find their faith tested when they must go to work in the mine to keep a roof over their heads , food on the table , and compile a wage for the town 's teacher . Episodes ( edit ) Main article : List of When Calls the Heart episodes Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 12 January 11 , 2014 ( 2014 - 01 - 11 ) March 29 , 2014 ( 2014 - 03 - 29 ) 7 April 25 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 25 ) June 13 , 2015 ( 2015 - 06 - 13 ) New Year 's Wish December 26 , 2015 ( 2015 - 12 - 26 ) 8 February 21 , 2016 ( 2016 - 02 - 21 ) April 10 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 10 ) Christmas December 25 , 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 25 ) 10 February 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 19 ) April 23 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 23 ) The Christmas Wishing Tree December 25 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 25 ) 5 10 February 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 18 ) April 22 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 22 ) Cast ( edit ) Main ( edit ) Erin Krakow as Elizabeth Thatcher Thornton Daniel Lissing as Jack Thornton ( Seasons 1 - 5 ) Lori Loughlin as Abigail Stanton Jack Wagner as Bill Avery Martin Cummins as Henry Gowen Pascale Hutton as Rosemary LeVeaux Coulter Kavan Smith as Leland Coulter Recurring ( edit ) Paul Greene as Carson Shepherd Gracyn Shinyei as Emily Montgomery Loretta Walsh as Florence Blakeley Erica Carroll as Dottie Ramsey Mark Humphrey as Frank Hogan Johannah Newmarch as Molly Sullivan Mitchell Kummen as Gabe Montgomery Logan Williams as Miles Montgomery Ben Rosenbaum as Hickam Carter Ryan Evancic as Cody Hastings Chelah Horsdal as Cat Montgomery Steve Bacic as Charles Spurlock Kristina Wagner as Nora Avery Aren Buchholz as Jesse Flynn Charlotte Hegele as Julie Thatcher Andrea Brooks as Faith Carter Eva Bourne as Clara Stanton Ava Grace Cooper as Opal Max Lloyd - Jones as Tom Thornton Brooke Shields as Charlotte Thornton Devon Weigel as Viola Thatcher Marcus Rosner as Charles Kensington Mamie Laverock as Rosaleen Sullivan Adrian Hough as Reverend Anderson Lynda Boyd as Grace Thatcher Will Verchere - Gopaulsingh as Caleb Dunbar Ali Skovbye as Becky Hastings Garwin Sanford as William Thatcher Laura Bertram as Mary Dunbar Derek Hamilton as Dewitt Graves Niall Matter as Shane Cantrell ( season 4 ) Spencer Drever as Cyrus Rivera ( season 4 ) Josie Bissett as AJ Foster Characters ( edit ) This section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may only interest a specific audience . Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information , and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia 's inclusion policy . ( April 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Elizabeth Thatcher Thornton is an independent , strong - minded , passionate and dedicated young teacher from the city . The middle daughter of William and Grace Thatcher , Elizabeth has two sisters , older sister Viola and younger sister Julie . Elizabeth finds herself in Coal Valley , a small community on the Canadian frontier in need of a teacher , and quickly discovers it is not an easy place to live , lacking the creature comforts and luxuries of her privileged life with her family . She soon meets the newly appointed and charismatic Mountie Jack Thornton and develops an immediate dislike for him . However , over time they become good friends , and develop an obvious attraction to one another . In the final episode of season 1 , `` Prelude to a Kiss , '' ( also titled as `` Final Adieu '' ) , after overcoming many obstacles throughout the season , Jack tells Elizabeth , `` You 're the one , you 're the only one '' and they share a kiss . Throughout season 2 , Elizabeth 's feelings for Jack are high at times as well as low . Finally , in the season 2 finale , she admits that his job as a Mountie scares her . After being comforted both admitting that they love each other , Jack and Elizabeth kiss . Jack Thornton is a laid back country boy . Jack is the son of Mountie Thomas Thornton and his wife Charlotte Thornton . Jack has a younger brother , Tom ( named after his father ) . As a Mountie and a man of stout character and integrity , he often finds himself protecting and saving people . In season 1 's `` A Telling Silence , '' Jack finds a basset hound whom he names Rip ( after Rip Van Winkle ) and takes home with him . A source of comfort and companion in the small town , Jack often goes to Rip when times in his life are difficult . In season 2 's `` With All My Heart , '' Rip , who 's afraid of thunder , hides in the mine shafts during a storm . Jack and Elizabeth search for him ; in their search , their relationship grows stronger . Upon his first meeting of Elizabeth , he developed an instant dislike and it appeared she irritated him . However , he grew to like and then fall madly and completely in love with her over time . In `` Rules of Engagement '' ( S. 1 ) , it is revealed that Jack was briefly engaged to Rosemary LeVeaux when she comes looking for him . However , they have both changed and realize that they can not have a relationship as they once did ever again . In `` Prelude to a Kiss '' ( S. 1 ) , Jack found out that Elizabeth may be leaving Coal Valley . Taking her on a walk and giving her a framed picture of them that he had sketched , he asks her not to leave Coal Valley and tells her , `` You 're the one , you 're the only one . '' She replied that she was `` not going anywhere '' , Coal Valley was where she belonged before they share a kiss . In season 2 , Elizabeth and Jack share a hot - and - cold relationship until the finale , `` With All My Heart . '' They both admit that they love each other and share another kiss . Jack 's brother , Tom , is introduced season 2 's `` Trials of the Heart , '' and their rocky relationship continues until `` Coming Together , Coming Apart . '' Jack gently reminds his younger brother how their father was so proud of him , but he would n't be proud of the way he was currently living . Both in tears , Jack tells his younger brother that he believes in him and that he can turn his life around . More recently , Jack has become good friends with the sawmill operator , Lee Coulter . In season 3 , Jack begins the new year knowing that Elizabeth only has eyes for him and that her relationship with Charles is over for good . In `` Hearts In Question , '' Jack 's mother Charlotte shows up unexpectedly . She meets Elizabeth and is suspicious of her , but through staying her sees Elizabeth for who she really is : a trustworthy , dedicated teacher . In the season finale , `` Prayers From The Heart , '' Jack is injured in a flood . But he miraculously recovers in time to serve as Lee 's best man at his wedding . Abigail Stanton is a Coal Valley woman who tragically lost her husband and son in the mining accident . Abigail is a very kind woman , and she stands strongly for the things she believes in . She is one of the first women to welcome Elizabeth and the two women quickly become friends . When Elizabeth accidentally burns down the little teacherage , Abigail gladly welcomes her into her home to live . After being complimented on her cooking , Abigail decides to open a cafe in Coal Valley . Together , Abigail and Elizabeth move into the rooms above the cafe . At the end of season 1 , Abigail enjoys the company of Bill Avery , a Mountie , serving as a Forensic Investigator and friend of Jack Thornton 's . In season 2 , Abigail takes in her daughter - in - law , Clara , the wife of her late son Peter whom Abigail sees as the daughter she never had . With Bill 's past being revealed , Abigail ends their friendship and spends more time with the new pastor , Frank Hogan . Also , she is a strong independent woman that is set on doing the things that are right and tries to help Elizabeth . Bill Avery is a mysterious , quiet man . He first appears in season 1 's `` Rules of Engagement , '' in order to help Jack expose Mr. Gowen 's wrongdoings . Bill is immediately attracted to widow Abigail Stanton . Things are going well until Abigail discovers a picture of Bill 's family and his wedding ring . He later tells her that his son died , as well as his wife . However , his wife , Nora , comes to confront him in season 2 's `` Heart 's Desire . '' Henry Gowen is a cold , cynical man who formerly owned the coal mine . After the mine was shut down , Henry became the mayor of Hope Valley and still creates a cold , cynical presence whenever people are around him . Henry is highly disliked and feared in the town . He frequently uses bribery to get what he wants , which is never for the good of the town . Rosemary `` Rosie '' LeVeaux Coulter is a flamboyant , enthusiastic actress from New York . She was briefly engaged to Jack Thornton , but they both realized that it would n't work out . Rosie immediately disliked Elizabeth and viewed her as `` the competition , '' but eventually came to really care about Elizabeth , even if she has a hard time showing it . At the beginning of season 2 , Rosemary began working at the cafe with Abigail and the two quickly became friends . Spending time with Abigail helped tone down some of Rosemary 's enthusiasm and made her a more likable person . Rosemary even came to like Elizabeth , even if only on an acquaintance level . Truthfully , she cares about everyone in Hope Valley , especially Lee , with whom she shares an mutual attraction . When Rosie is not spending time with Lee , talking to Abigail , or dreaming about the glamorous life of an actress , she can often be found somewhere writing her weekly advice column for Hope Valley 's newspaper ! In season 3 , Rosemary 's friendship with Elizabeth deepened . Instead of viewing her as an adversary , she finds a friend in Elizabeth . Throughout season 3 , Rosemary 's relationship with Lee becomes more romantic . In `` Heart Of A Hero , '' seeing that Lee needs to spend more time at the sawmill to help the new settlers find jobs , Rosemary tells Lee that the theatre does n't have to be built . He insists , but she says how important his job is . He smiles and tells her he will one day build her theatre , telling her that she is `` the best part of his life . '' The couple shares in their first kiss . In `` A Gentle Heart , '' Lee is injured . Thinking he is asleep , Rosemary pours out her heart to him , telling how much she loves him . In `` Heartbreak , '' Rosemary is offered a job in Hollywood filming . This has always been Rosemary 's dream , to be an actress . Lee unselfishly tells her to do whatever she feels best , but it is obvious that the thought of her leaving Hope Valley hurts him . Rosemary considers her options and realizes that her place is in Hope Valley , with Lee . Lee then tells her that he has another `` role '' that he thinks would be perfect for her and proposes marriage . She happily accepts . In `` Hearts In Question , '' Rosemary enthusiastically plans for their wedding . The couple weds in the season 3 finale `` Prayers From The Heart , '' with Elizabeth and Abigail as her maids of honor . Leland `` Lee '' Coulter is a kind , laidback , patient man who opens a sawmill in Hope Valley . When timber becomes Coal Valley 's major source of natural resources , the town is renamed Hope Valley . He shares a mutual attraction to Rosemary and proves to be one of the few people who can outwit her . When she declines his romantic intentions , Lee recruits his friend , Molly Sullivan , to make Rosemary jealous ; the ploy succeeds and Rosemary accepts his suit , appreciating Lee 's good qualities . Despite her dramatic and occasionally prickly personality , Lee 's compassion and patience never fails with her . With Rosemary 's help , Lee beat Mr. Gowen at his own game in `` Heart and Home . '' When not at work , Lee enjoys being with friends , including Jack Thornton , who shares Lee 's simple and laidback outlook , allowing the men to discuss their lives and exchange romantic advice . In season 3 , Lee 's mill is unfortunately sabotaged by a man inside . Through Bill and Jack 's investigation , they find the culprit . In season 3 's `` Heart Of A Hero , '' Rosemary unselfishly gives up the theatre that Lee promised to build her . Lee promises that one day , he will build her the theatre at a time when he is n't so involved with the sawmill and finding people jobs . In `` A Gentle Heart , '' Lee is injured . Thinking Lee is asleep , Rosemary pours out her heart to Lee , telling him how afraid she was when she heard he had been injured . He however hears each and every word . She told him how much she loves him and to never leave her . In the episode `` Heartbreak , '' Lee thinks Rosemary may leave Hope Valley when she is offered a movie job in Hollywood . When she gives up the movie , seeing her future in Hope Valley with him , he asks her to marry him . The couple weds in the season 3 finale , `` Prayers From The Heart . '' Jack serves the role of Lee 's best man . Julie Thatcher is Elizabeth 's hopeless romantic younger sister . She often gets herself into sticky situations by falling head over heels for men who are n't quite what they seem . In season 2 she gets involved with Jack 's brother Tom , which causes trouble with her family and for Jack and Elizabeth 's relationship . Cat Montgomery is a kind , encouraging woman in Coal Valley . She is a widow and mother of three : Gabe , Miles , and Emily . Cat was one of the first mothers to show kindness to Elizabeth when she first came . She desperately wants her children to remember the good memories of their father as seen by her self - sacrificing acts in `` Secrets and Lies . '' Possessing a great sense of teamwork and encouragement , Cat supports the women of Coal Valley while working in the mines in `` Cease and Desist . '' She is good friends with Elizabeth and Abigail . In `` These Games , '' she also helps Jack catch a thief . Florence Blakeley is a feisty gossip in Hope Valley . She often has a pessimistic perspective and always seems to find the negative , even in a very positive situation . In `` Heart and Home , '' Abigail told Florence what she really thought about her , which causes Florence to rein in her negativity somewhat , though she remains fairly outspoken . While not always likable , Florence adds spice to life in Hope Valley . Molly Sullivan is a friend of Lee Coulter and Elizabeth Thatcher . Molly 's husband was killed in the mine disaster . She has a daughter Rosaleen . In season 1 's `` A Telling Silence , '' Rosaleen has trouble in school because she misses her father so much . When she runs away , Elizabeth finds her in the mine , feeling guilty that she did n't bring her father his lunch the day of the disaster because she wanted to play with a friend instead . She fears her mother will blame her , but Elizabeth convinces her that Molly will `` say that she loves her more than life itself . '' Molly is reunited with her daughter , to the joy of the town 's people . In season 2 's `` With All My Heart , '' Lee feels it 's time to `` play hard to get '' with Rosemary , so he enlists help from Molly . She pretends to be interested in him romantically . This ploy works and Rosemary admits that she does in fact like him . Molly is a kind woman and was among the first to welcome Elizabeth to town . Clara Stanton is the wife of Abigail 's late son Peter , and is a sweet , quiet , and sensitive young woman . Abigail never knew she had a daughter - in - law until season 2 's `` Trials of the Heart ; '' with Peter having married Clara only three days before he was killed . In `` Heart 's Desire , '' Abigail invites Clara to come live with her in Hope Valley , an offer that Clara accepts . Charles Kensington III is an old friend of Elizabeth with whom she reconnects while in Hamilton . He is interested in her , though her feelings for Jack get in the way of their relationship . Production ( edit ) The series , originally planned to be filmed in Colorado , is filmed south of Vancouver , British Columbia , on a farm surrounded by vineyards . The fictional frontier town of Coal Valley was erected in late 2013 . Some of the set trimmings and a stage coach came from the Hell on Wheels set . The Thatcher home is the University Women 's Club of Vancouver . The series was renewed for a second season , which aired from April 25 to June 13 , 2015 . Hallmark Channel announced in July 2015 that the series had been renewed for a third season , which aired from February 21 to April 10 , 2016 , with a sneak peek airing during the 2015 Christmas season . In mid-2016 , it was announced that Season 4 would premiere on the Hallmark Channel Christmas Day with a two - hour special . On April 11 , 2016 , Lissing and Krakow announced via the series ' Facebook page that Hallmark Channel had renewed the series for a fourth season , which aired from February 19 to April 23 , 2017 . Filming for season five began in Vancouver on August 22 , 2017 , and ended on December 21 , 2017 . Broadcast ( edit ) The first season of the series was subsequently picked up by CBC Television for rebroadcast as a summer series in 2015 . The network has since aired all five seasons . The series became available internationally on Netflix in August 2017 . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Reiher , Andrea ( January 11 , 2014 ) . `` ' When Calls the Heart ' premiere : Will you return to the frontier ? '' . Zap2It . From Inside the Box ( blog ) . Retrieved January 13 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` ' When Calls the Heart ' features Aussie Mountie '' . Canadian Press , April 10 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Hallmark Channel - The Movie Cast '' . Hallmarkchannel.com . Retrieved 2014 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` '' When Calls the Heart , '' Hallmark Channel 's Newest Original Primetime Series Kicks Off with a 2 - Hour Special Extended Pilot on October 5 '' ( Press release ) . Hallmark Channel . 24 July 2013 . Retrieved 2016 - 01 - 11 -- via The Futon Critic . Jump up ^ The Deadline Team ( June 12 , 2013 ) . `` Hallmark Channel 's ' When Calls The Heart ' Adds Cast ; ' Cedar Cove ' July Premiere Set '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` Special Announcement - When Calls the Heart '' . April 24 , 2017 . Retrieved April 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Petski , Denise ( July 31 , 2017 ) . `` ' When Calls The Heart ' Gets Season 5 Premiere Date On Hallmark Channel '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved August 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Petski , Denise ( March 21 , 2018 ) . `` Hallmark Channel Upfront Presentation Canceled Due To Storm , Net Makes Announcements , Including ' When Calls the Heart ' Renewal , At Central Park Event '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved March 21 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Hallmark Channel - About the Series '' . Hallmarkchannel.com . Retrieved 2014 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ Brioux , Bill ( December 6 , 2013 ) . `` ' When Calls The Heart ' TV Series Set In Fictional Town Built In B.C. '' The Huffington Post . Archived from the original on December 7 , 2013 . Retrieved February 11 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Owen , Rob ( May 1 , 2015 ) . `` TV Q&A : ' Grey 's Anatomy , ' ' Younger , ' ' Bones ' and a former Pittsburgh news anchor '' . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Retrieved May 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( May 5 , 2014 ) . `` When Calls the Heart ' Renewed for Second Season by Hallmark Channel '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 5 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Petski , Denise ( July 28 , 2015 ) . `` ' When Calls The Heart ' Renewed For Season 3 On Hallmark Channel '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved December 25 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` When Calls the Heart videos '' . Hallmark Channel . Jump up ^ McLennan , Cindy ( April 11 , 2016 ) . `` When Calls the Heart : Season Four Renewal for Hallmark Channel Series '' . TV Series Finale . Retrieved April 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Petski , Denise ( April 15 , 2016 ) . `` ' When Calls The Heart ' Renewed For Season 4 By Hallmark Channel '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved April 15 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Takeuchi , Craig ( August 21 , 2017 ) . `` Filming in Vancouver : Johnny Depp , When Calls the Heart , and Eggplant Emoji '' . Inside Vancouver . Retrieved September 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Krakow , Erin ( @ erinkrakow ) ( December 21 , 2017 ) . `` That 's a Season 5 WRAP for Elizabeth ! It flew ! Missing my Hope Valley friends already ! '' ( Tweet ) . Retrieved December 25 , 2017 -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ `` CBC - TV stacks fall and winter lineups with British , Aussie fare '' . 680 News , May 28 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` CBC Television reveals its 2016 summer schedule with five new primetime series , returning hits and the Rio 2016 Olympic Games '' . CBC Television . May 18 , 2016 . Retrieved August 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` CBC Announces 2017 - 18 Programming Slate '' . CBC Television . May 24 , 2017 . Retrieved August 3 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : When Calls the Heart Official website When Calls the Heart on IMDb ( hide ) Hallmark Channel original programming Original programming Former Cedar Cove ( 2013 -- 2015 ) Signed , Sealed , Delivered ( 2014 ) Current Home and Family ( since 2012 ) When Calls the Heart ( since 2014 ) Good Witch ( since 2015 ) Chesapeake Shores ( since 2016 ) Meet the Peetes ( since 2018 ) Movies List of Hallmark Channel Original Movies Hallmark Hall of Fame movie list Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=When_Calls_the_Heart&oldid=838349951 '' Categories : English - language television programs 2010s American drama television series 2014 American television series debuts 2010s Canadian drama television series 2014 Canadian television series debuts Period family drama television series Western ( genre ) television series Television programs based on books Television series produced in Vancouver Super Channel shows Hallmark Channel shows CBC Television shows 2010s American romance television series Canadian romance television series Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles needing style editing from April 2018 All articles needing style editing Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Deutsch فارسی Français Italiano Polski Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 26 April 2018 , at 13 : 19 . 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Question: who plays faith on when calls the heart