Lowe 's - Wikipedia Lowe 's Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Loews Corporation . Lowe 's Companies , Inc . Type Public Traded as NYSE : LOW S&P 100 Component S&P 500 Component Industry Retail Predecessor Lowe 's North Wilkesboro Hardware Founded 1946 ; 72 years ago ( 1946 ) North Wilkesboro , North Carolina Founder Lucius Smith Lowe Carl Buchan Headquarters Mooresville , North Carolina , U.S. Number of locations 1,857 ( as of January 2016 ) Areas served United States Canada Mexico Key people Robert Niblock ( Chairman , President and CEO ) Products Home Improvement , appliances Revenue $ 65.02 billion ( FY 2017 ) Operating income $ 5.2 billion ( FY 2017 ) Net income $ 3.06 billion ( FY 2017 ) Total assets $ 34.41 billion ( FY 2017 ) Total equity $ 6.43 billion ( FY 2017 ) Number of employees 265,000 ( 2014 ) Subsidiaries Orchard Supply Hardware Rona , Inc . Maintenance Supply Headquarters Central Wholesalers , Inc . Website lowes.com Lowe 's Companies , Inc. / loʊz / , doing business as Lowe 's , and stylized as LOWE 'S , is a Fortune 500 American company that operates a chain of retail home improvement and appliance stores in the United States , Canada , and Mexico . Founded in 1946 in North Wilkesboro , North Carolina , as of January 2018 , Lowe 's and its related businesses operate more than 2,370 home improvement and hardware stores and employ over 290,000 people . Lowe 's is the second - largest hardware chain in the United States behind The Home Depot and ahead of Menards . Globally , Lowe 's is also the second - largest hardware chain , again behind The Home Depot but ahead of the European stores B&Q and OBI . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Corporate affairs 2.1 Headquarters 3 Environmental record 4 Advertising and sponsorships 4.1 Racing sponsorships 4.2 All - American Muslim advertising 5 Canada 6 Australia 7 Lawsuits 8 References 9 External links History ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The first Lowe 's store , Lowe 's North Wilkesboro Hardware , was first opened in North Wilkesboro , North Carolina in 1921 by Lucius Smith Lowe ( 1879 - 1940 ) . After Lowe died in 1940 , the business was inherited by his daughter Ruth , who sold the company to her brother Jim that same year . Jim took on Carl Buchan as a partner in 1943 . Buchan anticipated the dramatic increase in construction after World War II , and under his management , the store focused on hardware and building materials . Before then , the product mix had also included notions , dry goods , horse tack , snuff , produce , and groceries . The company bought a second location in Sparta , North Carolina in 1949 . Lowe and Buchan differed on expanding the company to new areas and they split in 1952 with Buchan ( himself ) taking control of the hardware and building supply business and Lowe taking other joint ventures the two controlled ( including a car dealership ) . Buchan became the sole owner of Lowe 's . In 1954 , Lowe started the Lowes Foods grocery store chain . By 1955 , Buchan quickly expanded the company by opening stores in the North Carolina cities of Asheville , Charlotte , and Durham . More stores opened through the 1950s . In 1961 , Buchan died of a heart attack at age 44 . His five - man executive team , which included Robert Strickland and Leonard Herring , took the company public in 1961 . By 1962 , Lowe 's operated 21 stores and reported annual revenues of $32 million . Lowe 's began trading on the New York Stock Exchange in 1979 . Lowe 's suffered in the 1980s due to market conditions and increasing competition from the new big - box store chain , The Home Depot . For a while , Lowe 's resisted adopting the mega-store format partly because its management believed the smaller towns where Lowe 's mostly operated would not even support huge stores . However , Lowe 's eventually had to adopt the big - box format in order to survive . Today , most Lowe 's stores are part of the big - box variety , although some classic format stores remain in smaller markets . Lowe 's has since grown nationally , as it was aided by the purchase of the Renton , Washington - based Eagle Hardware & Garden company in 1999 . It is now the 2nd largest home improvement store chain in North America and has begun expanding outside the United States . The first store outside of United States was in Hamilton , Ontario , Canada . According to their website , Lowe 's has operated / serviced more than 2,355 locations in the United States , Canada , and Mexico alone . Corporate affairs ( edit ) Lowe 's # 487 in Chapel Hill , North Carolina . A typical Lowe 's storefront in Santa Clara , California . Interior in Orlando , Florida ( 2004 ) Headquarters ( edit ) United States The Lowe 's corporate headquarters is located in Mooresville , North Carolina . The Mooresville facility , the newest Lowe 's corporate campus , is 25 miles ( 40 km ) north of Charlotte and contains a five - story , 400,000 - square - foot ( 37,000 m ) building along with two newer seven story buildings . The building has a central atrium and two office wings ; the atrium houses a food court , a five - story spiral staircase , and meeting and reception rooms . A 7 - acre ( 2.8 ha ) lake flows underneath the headquarters building . Lowe 's former corporate headquarters is located in Wilkesboro , North Carolina , the county in which it was founded . Lowe 's still maintains a major corporate presence in the county , where it employs over 2,400 people . The Central Production Office is located in the former Wilkes Mall , which Lowe 's purchased in 1997 . Since then , the entire 440,000 square - foot campus has been remodeled and includes a full service food court , a doctors office , and gym within the gated campus . Canada The headquarters of subsidiary Lowe 's Companies Canada , ULC is located in Boucherville , Quebec , due to the merger with Rona . Prior to 2016 , Lowe 's Canada was headquartered in Toronto , Ontario . Environmental record ( edit ) Lowe 's won eight consecutive Energy Star awards from 2003 to 2010 , including four Energy Star Partner of the Year awards for educating consumers about the benefits of energy efficiency . On March 1 , 2010 , Lowe 's also became the first winner of the Energy Star Sustained Excellence Award in Retail , to recognize its contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by promoting energy - efficient products and educating consumers and employees on the value of the Energy Star program . In 2000 , Lowe 's released a policy promising that all wood products sold would not be sourced from rainforests . However , according to a 2006 report released by the Environmental Investigation Agency , wood used in flooring that Lowe 's was selling had been coming from the forests of Indonesia 's remote Papua Province , where some logging was estimated to be illegal . Advertising and sponsorships ( edit ) In 2006 , Lowe 's partnered with designer Marianne Cusato to develop and offer affordable house plans for the hurricane - affected Gulf region . Lowe 's is the exclusive retailer for both the plans and building materials for the Lowe 's Katrina Cottage . They offer easy construction and affordability , as well as the possibility of expansion . Moreover , they meet all international building codes and exceed hurricane codes . Lowe 's has a wide variety of television and radio commercials . A significant number of different racing - inspired commercials can be seen and are often played outside of television race coverage . Before 2010 , when he was replaced by Ben Yannette , Gene Hackman 's voice could be heard on many commercial advertisements for Lowe 's . In 2006 , Lowe 's began sponsoring the radio broadcast booth of the New York Yankees . Frequently during every game Yankees announcer John Sterling stated `` We are coming to you live from the Lowe 's Broadcast Booth . Lowe 's : Let 's build something together . '' . The tag line was changed in September 2011 to ' Never Stop Improving ' . Racing sponsorships ( edit ) The Lowe 's - sponsored team of Jimmie Johnson 's pit box Lowe 's purchased naming rights of Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord , North Carolina , in 1998 , and the speedway changed names to Lowe 's Motor Speedway . After the ten year naming rights expired , Lowe 's extended naming rights by one year . After the one - year extension expired , Lowe 's discontinued naming rights , and as of the 2010 racing season the racetrack returned to its original name . Lowe 's is an associate sponsor of several Speedway Motorsports , Inc. properties such as Atlanta Motor Speedway and Bristol Motor Speedway . The corporation is the primary sponsor for 7 - time NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion Jimmie Johnson in the No. 48 Chevrolet SS and it was a part - time sponsor of the former No. 5 Nationwide Series car ; both teams are owned by Hendrick Motorsports . Prior to the current sponsorship deal with Hendrick Motorsports , Lowe 's was the sponsor of the No. 31 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing driven by Mike Skinner and Robby Gordon from 1997 to 2001 . Prior to the RCR deal , Lowe 's was the primary sponsor of the No. 11 Ford driven by Brett Bodine for Junior Johnson & Associates and later his own team , Brett Bodine Racing ( after Bodine bought the No. 11 from Johnson ) . One of the company 's earliest forays into racing sponsorship was in 1979 , when it sponsored the No. 2 Buick of the Rod Osterlund team in what was then known the Winston Cup Series , for the Talladega 500 . The car was driven in that race by David Pearson , subbing for injured rookie Dale Earnhardt . Lowe 's would continue with sporadic car sponsorship throughout the next two decades until the aforementioned Bodine sponsorship in 1995 . Lowe 's also sponsors Fernandez Racing in the American Le Mans Series and previously sponsored the team in the Rolex Sports Car Series ; in that series , Lowe 's sponsors the No. 99 Gainsco Stallings Racing Pontiac in events where Johnson is driving . All - American Muslim advertising ( edit ) Lowe 's withdrew its advertising from the TLC reality television show All - American Muslim in December 2011 . A spokesperson for Lowe 's said that `` we understand the program raised concerns , complaints , or issues from multiple sides of the viewer spectrum , which we found after doing research of news articles and blogs covering the show '' . Lowe 's faced a backlash from several quarters , including Muslim - American and Arab - American organizations . The American - Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee called upon members to contact Lowe 's to urge it to reverse its position . The Los Angeles chapter of the Council on American - Islamic Relations met to consider possible actions , including boycotts and protests . Several celebrities also called for a boycott . California State Senator Ted Lieu called Lowe 's decision `` naked religious bigotry '' and said he would consider legislative action if Lowe 's did not apologize to Muslim - Americans and reinstate the ads . Abraham Foxman of the Anti-Defamation League expressed similar views . Keith Ellison , the first Muslim elected to the United States Congress , criticized Lowe 's decision to `` uphold the beliefs of a fringe hate group and not the creed of the First Amendment '' . Representative John Conyers of Michigan called on Lowe 's to apologize . Michigan state representative Rashida Tlaib contacted the company 's corporate headquarters , reporting that Lowe 's declined to change its decision . Canada ( edit ) Based in Toronto , Ontario , Lowe 's opened its first three stores in Canada on December 10 , 2007 , in Hamilton , Brampton and Brantford . On February 1 , 2008 , they opened three more stores in Toronto , East Gwillimbury , and a second store in Brampton as well as a new location in Maple ( Vaughan ) . Currently , additional stores are under construction , with 19 now open in the province of Ontario . Lowe 's also recently announced expansion into Western Canada , starting with three new stores in Calgary , Alberta . One of the three locations opened in late September 2010 . The other two opened in early 2011 . There are now stores in British Columbia , Manitoba and Saskatchewan . To date ( 2018 ) Lowe 's has 62 locations in Canada . Each store represents an average investment of $20.5 million ( $20.4 million USD ) . In February 2013 , former Walmart Canada and Loblaw Companies executive Sylvain Prud'homme was hired as CEO of Lowe 's Canada . On May 11 , 2015 , Lowe 's Canada announced that it would acquire the leases of 13 former Target Canada stores , as well as an Ontario distribution centre , for $151 million . In 2012 , Lowe 's attempted to buy Rona , Inc. , a Quebec - based hardware chain ; however , the deal was met with objections from Rona shareholders ( particularly the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec ) and operators of its franchised locations over concerns that the company could centralize its supply operations in the United States , and was eventually called off . On February 3 , 2016 , Rona announced that it had accepted an offer to be acquired by Lowe 's for CDN $ 3.2 billion , pending regulatory and shareholder approval . The division will remain under the leadership of Sylvain Prud'homme , but will be operated out of Rona 's headquarters in Boucherville . Lowe 's plans to maintain Rona 's retail banners , `` key '' executives , and the `` vast majority of its current employees '' post-acquisition . As of 2016 , Together Lowe 's Canada and Rona have 539 store locations . Australia ( edit ) Trading as Masters Home Improvement , the first store opened in Braybrook , Victoria to tradesmen on August 31 , 2011 and the general public on September 1 , 2011 . Masters is a joint venture of the Lowe 's Companies , Inc. and Woolworths Limited to compete against the Wesfarmers ' - owned Bunnings Warehouse , which operates in the large bigbox format similar to Lowe 's and Home Depot . The stores will be 1 / 3 owned by Lowe 's Companies Inc . ( USA ) and 2 / 3 owned by Woolworths Limited ( Australian Owned Public Company Listed on the Australian Securities Exchange ( ASX ) ) . On 18 January 2016 Woolworths announced that it intended to `` either sell or wind up '' all its home improvement area , including the Masters hardware chain . Chairman Gordon Cairns said that it would take years to become profitable and that the ongoing losses could not be sustained . The windup will involve Woolworths buying back a 33.3 per cent interest in the venture , held by the Lowe 's subsidiary WDR Delaware Corporation . As of 28 August 2016 all stores are due to cease trading on , or before , 11 December 2016 . Lawsuits ( edit ) Lowe 's was involved in a small cluster of class action lawsuits that revolved around Lowe 's employee payment system . The cases focused on a pay practice known as `` variable rate overtime '' . Variable rate overtime has the effect of paying a decreasing overtime rate the more hours a person works in a week . The suits alleged that salaried managers who worked 40 to 50 hours per week were improperly compensated for that time . The variable rate overtime ended in the first quarter of 2006 . The first case was filed in October 2002 by employees of the Lowe 's store in Shawnee , Kansas . In September 2005 , the cases were certified as class action . Lowe 's has four similar cases in New York , Indiana , Pennsylvania , and Ohio . The lawsuits for New York , Indiana , and Kansas resulted in an out - of - court settlement on September 22 , 2006 . The lawsuit in Pennsylvania became a class - action lawsuit in June 2004 , with 550 employees . The case in Ohio was filed by ten former Lowe 's employees , in August 2004 . Lowe 's faced multiple lawsuits from its Loss Prevention Managers citing that they were classified as exempt employees and therefore denied overtime pay . The managers asserted that they were forced to work a minimum of 48 hours per week which saved Lowe 's and its investors millions of dollars every year . Lawsuits have been settled for $2.95 million in California and $6.2 million in Texas . In 2014 , Lowe 's faced a class action lawsuit from former and current Human Resource Managers . Similarly to the lawsuit regarding its Loss Prevention Managers , the lawsuit stated that the HR Managers were improperly and illegally classified as exempt employees and were therefore denied overtime even though they were required to work 48 - hour weeks . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` News Release Archive - Site Password '' . mediaroom.com . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Lowe 's Stores by State and Province '' . Lowe 's Companies Inc . Retrieved November 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Robert A. Niblock Biography '' . Lowes Companies - Biography . Lowe 's Companies , Inc . Retrieved 23 January 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Annual Financials for Lowe 's Cos '' . Retrieved 28 Oct 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Lowe 's '' . Fortune . Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` Lowe 's targets Canada , No. 2 U.S. home retailer plans 69 store openings to tap into expanding , $39 billion market '' . Toronto Star . Sep 20 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Caleb Anson Lowe ( 1820 - 1902 ) - Find A Grave Memorial '' . findagrave.com . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Lucius Smith Lowe ( 1879 - 1940 ) - Find A Grave Memorial '' . findagrave.com . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` John Anton Lowe ( 1850 - 1914 ) - Find A Grave Memorial '' . findagrave.com . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Williams , Shane . `` Lowe 's Companies '' . North Carolina History Project . Jump up ^ `` History '' ( PDF ) . Lowe 's . Jump up ^ Upbin , Bruce ( 20 January 2003 ) . `` Work and Buy and Hold '' . Forbes . Jump up ^ `` History '' ( PDF ) . Lowe 's . Jump up ^ `` Carolinas FYI : About Lowe 's and Lowes , '' The Charlotte Observer , March 16 , 2003 . Jump up ^ `` Company News ; Lowe 's to Acquire Eagle Hardware and Garden '' . New York Times . 1998 . Jump up ^ `` About Lowe 's '' . Lowe 's . Jump up ^ http://www.journalpatriot.com/news/lowe-s-adding-jobs-in-wilkesboro/article_3ab26438-cb9e-11e7-a0f8-ab12ae7659ce.html Jump up ^ `` LOWE 'S REVEALS WESTERN CANADA EXPANSION PLANS . '' Lowe 's . December 7 , 2009 . Retrieved on February 1 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Lowe 's Becomes First Retailer to Win Energy Star Award for Sustained Excellence in Retail '' . businesswire.com. 2010 - 03 - 01 . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 14 . Jump up ^ `` Lowe 's Launches Forest Protection Initiative '' . socialfunds.com. 2000 - 08 - 11 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 06 . Jump up ^ Butler , Rhett A. ( 2006 - 03 - 23 ) . `` Home Depot , Lowe 's selling illegal wood from Papua New Guinea - Report '' . mongabay.com . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 06 . Jump up ^ Elliott , Stuart ( 28 February 2010 ) . `` Lowe 's Puts Its Focus on Knowing the Customer 's Wants '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 13 December 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Lowe 's negotiating naming rights with speedway '' . WBTV . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 19 . ^ Jump up to : Sacirbey , Omar ( December 9 , 2011 ) . `` Companies pull ads from Muslim reality TV show '' . Huffington Post . ^ Jump up to : Muslims consider Lowe 's boycott ^ Jump up to : `` Lowe 's faces backlash over pulling ads from ' All - American Muslim ' '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Lawmakers Slam Lowe 's For Pulling Ads from Muslim - American Reality Show '' , Fox News , 11 December 2011 , retrieved 16 Dec 2011 . ( 1 ) Jump up ^ `` ADL , Reform group rip Lowe 's for pulling ads from show on Muslims . '' Jewish Journal . 15 December 2011 . 16 December 2011 . Jump up ^ Lowe 's Canada Store Locator Jump up ^ Lowe 's says Canadian expansion ' on track ' ^ Jump up to : `` Lowe 's taps ex-Loblaws exec Sylvain Prud'homme to head Canadian unit '' . Financial Post . Retrieved 3 February 2016 . Jump up ^ Carville , Olivia ( 11 May 2015 ) . `` Lowe 's to buy 13 Target stores '' . Toronto Star . Jump up ^ `` Lowe 's offers $3.2 B to take over Canadian rival Rona '' . CBC News . Retrieved 3 February 2016 . Jump up ^ Lowe 's to settle class - action suit , David Twiddy , AP Business Writer , September 22 , 2006 Jump up ^ `` Scranton news , sports , obituaries , and shopping - thetimes-tribune.com - The Times - Tribune '' . thetimes-tribune.com . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Pennsylvania Accident Attorney Todd J. O'Malley : Scranton Lawyer '' ( PDF ) . O'Malley & Langan Law Offices . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . Jump up ^ Liability For Back Pay Looms at Lowe 's Stores , LawsuitSearch.com , retrieved March 27 , 2008 Jump up ^ `` Lowe 's Hammers Out $6.2 M Deal In Managers ' OT Case '' . law360.com . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Lowe 's HR Manager Overtime Wage Claim Website - Feldman Morgado , PA '' . loweshrmanagerflsaclaim.com . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lowe 's . North Carolina portal Companies portal Official website Business data for Lowe 's : Google Finance Yahoo ! Finance Reuters SEC filings ( hide ) Hand tool manufacturers Current Apex Tool Group Allen Armstrong Tools Crescent Diamond GearWrench K-D Tools Lufkin Nicholson Plumb SATA Tools Wiss Xcelite Bondhus Buck Bros . Channellock Cornwell Tools DASCO PRO , INC . Digitool Solutions Disston Saw Works EGA Master Eklind Emerson Ridgid Empire Level Estwing Felo FEW Fiskars Gerber Gardner Bender Gedore Gray Tools Dynamic Tools Hazet Hans tools Heyco Ideal Industries Pratt - Read SK Hand Tools Western Forge Klein Tools Knipex KUKKO Leatherman Lie - Nielsen Toolworks Lisle Corporation Lowell Corporation Matco Tools Martin Tool & Forge OTC Park Tool PB Swiss Tools Saltus Sandvik Senco Snap - on Bahco CDI Torque Products Williams Stahlwille Stanley Black & Decker Blackhawk Bostitch DeWalt Facom Irwin Lenox Mac Tools Proto Sidchrome Stanley Hand Tools Textron Greenlee Klauke Paladin Tools Techtronic Industries Milwaukee Thorsen Manufacturing Tomé Fèteira Toptul Vaughan Victorinox Wenger Wera Tools Wescott Westward Tools Wiha Tools Witte Tools Wright Tool Historic Coes Wrench Company Easco Hand Tools Forest City Screwdriver and Drill Company Goodell - Pratt Hinsdale Holtzapffel Indestro Mathieson McKaig - Hatch New Britain Machine Company Norris North Brothers Manufacturing Company Preston H.D. Smith & Co . Stewart Spiers Utica Tools Bonney Forge Herbrand Vlchek House brands Ace Hardware Ace Tools AutoZone Duralast Blain 's Farm and Fleet Duracraft Canadian Tire Mastercraft The Home Depot Husky Lee Valley Veritas Lowe 's Kobalt Menards Masterforce Montgomery Ward PowrKraft Sears Craftsman Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lowe%27s&oldid=832603921 '' Categories : Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange Companies based in North Carolina Retail companies established in 1946 Hardware stores of the United States Hardware stores of Canada Home improvement retailers of the United States 1946 establishments in North Carolina Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from January 2011 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018 Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia 日本 語 Polski Português Română Русский 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 March 2018 , at 23 : 43 . 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Question: how many stores does lowes have in canada


Water cycle - wikipedia Water cycle Jump to : navigation , search Diagram of the Water Cycle The water cycle Play media Earth 's water cycle Play media As the Earth 's surface water evaporates , wind moves water in the air from the sea to the land , increasing the amount of freshwater on land . Play media Water vapor is converted to clouds that bring fresh water to land in the form of rain snow and sleet Play media Precipitation falls on the ground , but what happens to that water depends greatly on the geography of the land at any particular place . The water cycle , also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle , describes the continuous movement of water on , above and below the surface of the Earth . The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice , fresh water , saline water and atmospheric water is variable depending on a wide range of climatic variables . The water moves from one reservoir to another , such as from river to ocean , or from the ocean to the atmosphere , by the physical processes of evaporation , condensation , precipitation , infiltration , surface runoff , and subsurface flow . In doing so , the water goes through different forms : liquid , solid ( ice ) and vapor . The water cycle involves the exchange of energy , which leads to temperature changes . When water evaporates , it takes up energy from its surroundings and cools the environment . When it condenses , it releases energy and warms the environment . These heat exchanges influence climate . The evaporative phase of the cycle purifies water which then replenishes the land with freshwater . The flow of liquid water and ice transports minerals across the globe . It is also involved in reshaping the geological features of the Earth , through processes including erosion and sedimentation . The water cycle is also essential for the maintenance of most life and ecosystems on the planet . Contents ( hide ) 1 Description 1.1 Processes 2 Residence times 3 Changes over time 4 Effects on climate 5 Effects on biogeochemical cycling 6 Slow loss over geologic time 7 History of hydrologic cycle theory 7.1 Floating land mass 7.2 Hebrew Bible 7.3 Precipitation and percolation 7.4 Precipitation alone 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Description The sun , which drives the water cycle , heats water in oceans and seas . Water evaporates as water vapor into the air . Some ice and snow sublimates directly into water vapor . Evapotranspiration is water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil . The water molecule H O has smaller molecular mass than the major components of the atmosphere , nitrogen and oxygen , N and O , hence is less dense . Due to the significant difference in density , buoyancy drives humid air higher . As altitude increases , air pressure decreases and the temperature drops ( see Gas laws ) . The lower temperature causes water vapor to condense into tiny liquid water droplets which are heavier than the air , and fall unless supported by an updraft . A huge concentration of these droplets over a large space up in the atmosphere become visible as cloud . Some condensation is near ground level , and called fog . Atmospheric circulation moves water vapor around the globe , cloud particles collide , grow , and fall out of the upper atmospheric layers as precipitation . Some precipitation falls as snow or hail , sleet , and can accumulate as ice cap s and glacier s , which can store frozen water for thousands of years . Most water falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain , where the water flows over the ground as surface runoff . A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape , with streamflow moving water towards the oceans . Runoff and water emerging from the ground ( groundwater ) may be stored as freshwater in lakes . Not all runoff flows into rivers , much of it soaks into the ground as infiltration . Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers , which can store freshwater for long periods of time . Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies ( and the ocean ) as groundwater discharge . Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and comes out as freshwater springs . In river valleys and floodplains , there is often continuous water exchange between surface water and ground water in the hyporheic zone . Over time , the water returns to the ocean , to continue the water cycle . Processes Many different processes lead to movements and phase changes in water Precipitation Condensed water vapor that falls to the Earth 's surface . Most precipitation occurs as rain , but also includes snow , hail , fog drip , graupel , and sleet . Approximately 505,000 km ( 121,000 cu mi ) of water falls as precipitation each year , 398,000 km ( 95,000 cu mi ) of it over the oceans . The rain on land contains 107,000 km ( 26,000 cu mi ) of water per year and a snowing only 1,000 km ( 240 cu mi ) . 78 % of global precipitation occurs over the ocean . Canopy interception The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground . Snowmelt The runoff produced by melting snow . Runoff The variety of ways by which water moves across the land . This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff . As it flows , the water may seep into the ground , evaporate into the air , become stored in lakes or reservoirs , or be extracted for agricultural or other human uses . Infiltration The flow of water from the ground surface into the ground . Once infiltrated , the water becomes soil moisture or groundwater . A recent global study using water stable isotopes , however , shows that not all soil moisture is equally available for groundwater recharge or for plant transpiration . Subsurface flow The flow of water underground , in the vadose zone and aquifers . Subsurface water may return to the surface ( e.g. as a spring or by being pumped ) or eventually seep into the oceans . Water returns to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated , under the force of gravity or gravity induced pressures . Groundwater tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly , so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years . Evaporation The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere . The source of energy for evaporation is primarily solar radiation . Evaporation often implicitly includes transpiration from plants , though together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration . Total annual evapotranspiration amounts to approximately 505,000 km ( 121,000 cu mi ) of water , 434,000 km ( 104,000 cu mi ) of which evaporates from the oceans . 86 % of global evaporation occurs over the ocean . Sublimation The state change directly from solid water ( snow or ice ) to water vapor by passing the liquid state . Deposition This refers to changing of water vapor directly to ice . Advection The movement of water through the atmosphere . Without advection , water that evaporated over the oceans could not precipitate over land . Condensation The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air , creating clouds and fog . Transpiration The release of water vapor from plants and soil into the air . Percolation Water flows vertically through the soil and rocks under the influence of gravity . Plate tectonics Water enters the mantle via subduction of oceanic crust . Water returns to the surface via volcanism . The water cycle involves many of these processes . Residence times Average reservoir residence times Reservoir Average residence time Antarctica 20,000 years Oceans 3,200 years Glaciers 20 to 100 years Seasonal snow cover 2 to 6 months Soil moisture 1 to 2 months Groundwater : shallow 100 to 200 years Groundwater : deep 10,000 years Lakes ( see lake retention time ) 50 to 100 years Rivers 2 to 6 months Atmosphere 9 days The residence time of a reservoir within the hydrologic cycle is the average time a water molecule will spend in that reservoir ( see adjacent table ) . It is a measure of the average age of the water in that reservoir . Groundwater can spend over 10,000 years beneath Earth 's surface before leaving . Particularly old groundwater is called fossil water . Water stored in the soil remains there very briefly , because it is spread thinly across the Earth , and is readily lost by evaporation , transpiration , stream flow , or groundwater recharge . After evaporating , the residence time in the atmosphere is about 9 days before condensing and falling to the Earth as precipitation . The major ice sheets - Antarctica and Greenland - store ice for very long periods . Ice from Antarctica has been reliably dated to 800,000 years before present , though the average residence time is shorter . In hydrology , residence times can be estimated in two ways . The more common method relies on the principle of conservation of mass and assumes the amount of water in a given reservoir is roughly constant . With this method , residence times are estimated by dividing the volume of the reservoir by the rate by which water either enters or exits the reservoir . Conceptually , this is equivalent to timing how long it would take the reservoir to become filled from empty if no water were to leave ( or how long it would take the reservoir to empty from full if no water were to enter ) . An alternative method to estimate residence times , which is gaining in popularity for dating groundwater , is the use of isotopic techniques . This is done in the subfield of isotope hydrology . Changes over time Time - mean precipitation and evaporation as a function of latitude as simulated by an aqua - planet version of an atmospheric GCM ( GFDL 's AM2. 1 ) with a homogeneous `` slab - ocean '' lower boundary ( saturated surface with small heat capacity ) , forced by annual mean insolation . Global map of annual mean evaporation minus precipitation by latitude - longitude The water cycle describes the processes that drive the movement of water throughout the hydrosphere . However , much more water is `` in storage '' for long periods of time than is actually moving through the cycle . The storehouses for the vast majority of all water on Earth are the oceans . It is estimated that of the 332,500,000 mi ( 1,386,000,000 km ) of the world 's water supply , about 321,000,000 mi ( 1,338,000,000 km ) is stored in oceans , or about 97 % . It is also estimated that the oceans supply about 90 % of the evaporated water that goes into the water cycle . During colder climatic periods , more ice caps and glaciers form , and enough of the global water supply accumulates as ice to lessen the amounts in other parts of the water cycle . The reverse is true during warm periods . During the last ice age , glaciers covered almost one - third of Earth 's land mass with the result being that the oceans were about 122 m ( 400 ft ) lower than today . During the last global `` warm spell , '' about 125,000 years ago , the seas were about 5.5 m ( 18 ft ) higher than they are now . About three million years ago the oceans could have been up to 50 m ( 165 ft ) higher . The scientific consensus expressed in the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) Summary for Policymakers is for the water cycle to continue to intensify throughout the 21st century , though this does not mean that precipitation will increase in all regions . In subtropical land areas -- places that are already relatively dry -- precipitation is projected to decrease during the 21st century , increasing the probability of drought . The drying is projected to be strongest near the poleward margins of the subtropics ( for example , the Mediterranean Basin , South Africa , southern Australia , and the Southwestern United States ) . Annual precipitation amounts are expected to increase in near - equatorial regions that tend to be wet in the present climate , and also at high latitudes . These large - scale patterns are present in nearly all of the climate model simulations conducted at several international research centers as part of the 4th Assessment of the IPCC . There is now ample evidence that increased hydrologic variability and change in climate has and will continue to have a profound impact on the water sector through the hydrologic cycle , water availability , water demand , and water allocation at the global , regional , basin , and local levels . Research published in 2012 in Science based on surface ocean salinity over the period 1950 to 2000 confirm this projection of an intensified global water cycle with salty areas becoming more saline and fresher areas becoming more fresh over the period : Fundamental thermodynamics and climate models suggest that dry regions will become drier and wet regions will become wetter in response to warming . Efforts to detect this long - term response in sparse surface observations of rainfall and evaporation remain ambiguous . We show that ocean salinity patterns express an identifiable fingerprint of an intensifying water cycle . Our 50 - year observed global surface salinity changes , combined with changes from global climate models , present robust evidence of an intensified global water cycle at a rate of 8 ± 5 % per degree of surface warming . This rate is double the response projected by current - generation climate models and suggests that a substantial ( 16 to 24 % ) intensification of the global water cycle will occur in a future 2 ° to 3 ° warmer world . An instrument carried by the SAC - D satellite Aquarius , launched in June , 2011 , measured global sea surface salinity . Glacial retreat is also an example of a changing water cycle , where the supply of water to glaciers from precipitation can not keep up with the loss of water from melting and sublimation . Glacial retreat since 1850 has been extensive . Human activities that alter the water cycle include : agriculture industry alteration of the chemical composition of the atmosphere construction of dams deforestation and afforestation removal of groundwater from wells water abstraction from rivers urbanization Effects on climate The water cycle is powered from solar energy . 86 % of the global evaporation occurs from the oceans , reducing their temperature by evaporative cooling . Without the cooling , the effect of evaporation on the greenhouse effect would lead to a much higher surface temperature of 67 ° C ( 153 ° F ) , and a warmer planet . Aquifer drawdown or overdrafting and the pumping of fossil water increases the total amount of water in the hydrosphere , and has been postulated to be a contributor to sea - level rise . Effects on biogeochemical cycling While the water cycle is itself a biogeochemical cycle , flow of water over and beneath the Earth is a key component of the cycling of other biogeochemicals . Runoff is responsible for almost all of the transport of eroded sediment and phosphorus from land to waterbodies . The salinity of the oceans is derived from erosion and transport of dissolved salts from the land . Cultural eutrophication of lakes is primarily due to phosphorus , applied in excess to agricultural fields in fertilizers , and then transported overland and down rivers . Both runoff and groundwater flow play significant roles in transporting nitrogen from the land to waterbodies . The dead zone at the outlet of the Mississippi River is a consequence of nitrates from fertilizer being carried off agricultural fields and funnelled down the river system to the Gulf of Mexico . Runoff also plays a part in the carbon cycle , again through the transport of eroded rock and soil . Slow loss over geologic time Main article : Atmospheric escape The hydrodynamic wind within the upper portion of a planet 's atmosphere allows light chemical elements such as Hydrogen to move up to the exobase , the lower limit of the exosphere , where the gases can then reach escape velocity , entering outer space without impacting other particles of gas . This type of gas loss from a planet into space is known as planetary wind . Planets with hot lower atmospheres could result in humid upper atmospheres that accelerate the loss of hydrogen . History of hydrologic cycle theory Floating land mass In ancient times , it was widely thought that the land mass floated on a body of water , and that most of the water in rivers has its origin under the earth . Examples of this belief can be found in the works of Homer ( circa 800 BCE ) . Hebrew Bible In the ancient near east , Hebrew scholars observed that even though the rivers ran into the sea , the sea never became full ( ) . Some scholars conclude that the water cycle was described completely during this time in this passage : `` The wind goeth toward the south , and turneth about unto the north ; it whirleth about continually , and the wind returneth again according to its circuits . All the rivers run into the sea , yet the sea is not full ; unto the place from whence the rivers come , thither they return again '' ( , KJV ) . Scholars are not in agreement as to the date of Ecclesiastes , though most scholars point to a date during the time of King Solomon , son of David and Bathsheba , `` three thousand years ago , there is some agreement that the time period is 962 - 922 BCE . Furthermore , it was also observed that when the clouds were full , they emptied rain on the earth ( ) . In addition , during 793 - 740 BC a Hebrew prophet , Amos , stated that water comes from the sea and is poured out on the earth ( , ) . In the Biblical Book of Job , dated between 7th and 2nd centuries BCE , there is a description of precipitation in the hydrologic cycle , `` For he maketh small the drops of water : they pour down rain according to the vapour thereof ; Which the clouds do drop and distil upon man abundantly '' ( , KJV ) . Precipitation and percolation In the Adityahridayam ( a devotional hymn to the Sun God ) of Ramayana , a Hindu epic dated to the 4th century BC , it is mentioned in the 22nd verse that the Sun heats up water and sends it down as rain . By roughly 500 BCE , Greek scholars were speculating that much of the water in rivers can be attributed to rain . The origin of rain was also known by then . These scholars maintained the belief , however , that water rising up through the earth contributed a great deal to rivers . Examples of this thinking included Anaximander ( 570 BCE ) ( who also speculated about the evolution of land animals from fish ) and Xenophanes of Colophon ( 530 BCE ) . Chinese scholars such as Chi Ni Tzu ( 320 BC ) and Lu Shih Ch'un Ch'iu ( 239 BCE ) had similar thoughts . The idea that the water cycle is a closed cycle can be found in the works of Anaxagoras of Clazomenae ( 460 BCE ) and Diogenes of Apollonia ( 460 BCE ) . Both Plato ( 390 BCE ) and Aristotle ( 350 BCE ) speculated about percolation as part of the water cycle . Precipitation alone Up to the time of the Renaissance , it was thought that precipitation alone was insufficient to feed rivers , for a complete water cycle , and that underground water pushing upwards from the oceans were the main contributors to river water . Bartholomew of England held this view ( 1240 CE ) , as did Leonardo da Vinci ( 1500 CE ) and Athanasius Kircher ( 1644 CE ) . The first published thinker to assert that rainfall alone was sufficient for the maintenance of rivers was Bernard Palissy ( 1580 CE ) , who is often credited as the `` discoverer '' of the modern theory of the water cycle . Palissy 's theories were not tested scientifically until 1674 , in a study commonly attributed to Pierre Perrault . Even then , these beliefs were not accepted in mainstream science until the early nineteenth century . See also Water portal Ecology portal Bioprecipitation Drought Ecohydrology Flood Moisture advection Moisture recycling Planetary boundaries Water use References Jump up ^ `` precipitation National Snow and Ice Data Center '' . nsidc.org . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . ^ Jump up to : Dr. Art 's Guide to Planet Earth . The Water Cycle . Retrieved on 2006 - 10 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` Estimated Flows of Water in the Global Water Cycle '' . www3.geosc.psu.edu . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . ^ Jump up to : `` Salinity Science Mission Directorate '' . science.nasa.gov . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ National Weather Service Northwest River Forecast Center . Hydrologic Cycle . Retrieved on 2006 - 10 - 24 . Jump up ^ Evaristo , Jaivime ; Jasechko , Scott ; McDonnell , Jeffrey J. ( 2015 - 09 - 03 ) . `` Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater and streamflow '' . Nature . NPG. 525 ( 7567 ) : 91 -- 94 . Bibcode : 2015Natur. 525 ... 91E . doi : 10.1038 / nature14983 . ISSN 0028 - 0836 . PMID 26333467 . ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . Jump up ^ `` evaporation National Snow and Ice Data Center '' . nsidc.org . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` sublimation National Snow and Ice Data Center '' . nsidc.org . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` advection National Snow and Ice Data Center '' . nsidc.org . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` condensation National Snow and Ice Data Center '' . nsidc.org . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ PhysicalGeography.net . CHAPTER 8 : Introduction to the Hydrosphere . Retrieved on 2006 - 10 - 24 . Jump up ^ Jouzel , J. ; Masson - Delmotte , V. ; Cattani , O. ; Dreyfus , G. ; Falourd , S. ; Hoffmann , G. ; Minster , B. ; Nouet , J. ; Barnola , J.M. ( 2007 - 08 - 10 ) . `` Orbital and millennial Antarctic climate variability over the past 800,000 years '' . Science . 317 ( 5839 ) : 793 -- 796 . Bibcode : 2007Sci ... 317 ... 793J . doi : 10.1126 / science. 1141038 . ISSN 1095 - 9203 . PMID 17615306 . ^ Jump up to : USGS , Howard Perlman , . `` The Water Cycle summary , USGS Water Science School '' . water.usgs.gov . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Climate Change 2007 : The Physical Science Basis '' ( PDF ) . INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE . February 2007 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on February 3 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Vahid , Alavian , ; Maher , Qaddumi , Halla ; Eric , Dickson , ; Michele , Diez , Sylvia ; V. , Danilenko , Alexander ; Fatehali , Hirji , Rafik ; Gabrielle , Puz , ; Carolina , Pizarro , ; Michael , Jacobsen , ( 2009 - 11 - 01 ) . `` Water and climate change : understanding the risks and making climate - smart investment decisions '' . Washington , DC : World Bank : pp. xv . CS1 maint : Extra text ( link ) Jump up ^ Gillis , Justin ( 2012 - 04 - 26 ) . `` Study Hints at Greater Threat of Extreme Weather '' . The New York Times . ISSN 0362 - 4331 . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ Paul J. Durack ; Susan E. Wijffels & Richard J. Matear ( 27 April 2012 ) . `` Ocean Salinities Reveal Strong Global Water Cycle Intensification During 1950 to 2000 '' . Science . 336 ( 6080 ) : 455 -- 458 . Bibcode : 2012Sci ... 336 ... 455D . doi : 10.1126 / science. 1212222 . PMID 22539717 . Jump up ^ Justin Gillis ( April 26 , 2012 ) . `` Study Indicates a Greater Threat of Extreme Weather '' . The New York Times . Retrieved April 27 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Vinas , Maria - Jose ( 2013 - 06 - 06 ) . `` NASA 's Aquarius Sees Salty Shifts '' . NASA . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Retreat of Glaciers in Glacier National Park '' . www.usgs.gov . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Water Cycle Science Mission Directorate '' . science.nasa.gov . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Rising sea levels attributed to global groundwater extraction '' . University of Utrecht . Retrieved February 8 , 2011 . Jump up ^ The Environmental Literacy Council . Biogeochemical Cycles . Retrieved on 2006 - 10 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` Phosphorus Cycle - The Environmental Literacy Council '' . The Environmental Literacy Council . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet . Nitrogen and the Hydrologic Cycle . Retrieved on 2006 - 10 - 24 . Jump up ^ NASA 's Earth Observatory . The Carbon Cycle . Retrieved on 2006 - 10 - 24 . Jump up ^ Nick Strobel ( June 12 , 2010 ) . `` Planetary Science '' . Archived from the original on September 28 , 2010 . Retrieved September 28 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Rudolf Dvořák ( 2007 ) . Extrasolar Planets . Wiley - VCH . pp. 139 -- 140 . ISBN 978 - 3 - 527 - 40671 - 5 . Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 05 . ^ Jump up to : Morris , Henry M. ( 1988 ) . Science and the Bible ( Trinity Broadcasting Network Edition , 1988 ed . ) . Chicago , IL : Moody Press . p. 15 . Jump up ^ Metzger , Bruce M. ; Coogan , Michael D. ( 1993 ) . The Oxford Companion to the Bible . New York , NY : Oxford University Press . p. 369 . ISBN 0195046455 . Jump up ^ Merrill , Eugene H. ; Rooker , Mark F. ; Grisanti , Michael A. ( 2011 ) . The World and the Word . Nashville , TN : B&H Academic . p. 430 . ISBN 9780805440317 . Jump up ^ Metzger , Bruce M. ; Coogan , Michael D. ( 1993 ) . The Oxford Companion to the Bible . New York , NY : Oxford University Press . p. 369 . ISBN 0195046455 . Jump up ^ Morris , Henry M. ( 1988 ) . Science and the Bible ( Trinity Broadcasting Network Edition , 1988 ed . ) . Chicago , IL : Moody Press . p. 15 . Jump up ^ Kazlev , M. Alan . `` Palaeos : History of Evolution and Paleontology in science , philosophy , religion , and popular culture : Pre 19th Century '' . Jump up ^ http://philosophy.unc.edu/people/faculty/james-lesher/xenophanes%20scepticism.pdf ( page 9 - 10 ) Jump up ^ Science ? , Symposium on the Basis of Civilization -- Water ( 1 January 2004 ) . `` The Basis of Civilization -- water Science ? '' . International Association of Hydrological Science -- via Google Books . Jump up ^ http://hydrologie.org/ACT/OH2/actes/03_dooge.pdf Further reading Anderson , J.G. ; Wilmouth , D.M. ; Smith , J.B. ; Sayres , D.S. ( 2012 ) . `` UV Dosage Levels in Summer : Increased Risk of Ozone Loss from Convectively Injected Water Vapor '' . Science . 337 ( 6096 ) : 835 . Bibcode : 2012Sci ... 337 ... 835A . doi : 10.1126 / science. 1222978 . PMID 22837384 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Water cycle . The Water Cycle , United States Geological Survey The Water Cycle for Kids , United States Geological Survey The water cycle , from Dr. Art 's Guide to the Planet . Water cycle slideshow , 1 Mb Flash multilingual animation highlighting the often - overlooked evaporation from bare soil , from managingwholes.com . Will the wet get wetter and the dry drier ? - Climate research summary from NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory including text , graphics , and animations Water Overviews Outline Data Model Properties States Liquid Ice Vapor Steam Forms Deuterium - depleted Semiheavy Heavy Tritiated Hydronium On Earth Cycle Distribution Hydrosphere Hydrology Hydrobiology Origin Pollution Resources management policy Supply Portal Commons Wiktionary Biogeochemical cycles Cycles Carbon cycle Hydrogen cycle Iron cycle Mercury cycle Mineral cycle Nitrogen cycle Oxygen cycle ozone Phosphorus cycle Rock cycle Selenium cycle Sulfur cycle Water cycle Research groups DAAC GEOTRACES IMBER NOBM SOLAS Related topics Biogeochemistry geochemical cycle chemical cycling environmental chemistry Biosequestration carbon sequestration carbon sink soil carbon biological pump mycorrhizal fungi Ocean acidification acid rain Methane clathrate clathrate gun hypothesis Arctic methane emissions Human impact on the nitrogen cycle Nitrification Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen assimilation Phosphorus assimilation Sulfur assimilation Planetary boundaries Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_cycle&oldid=836977317 '' Categories : Biogeochemical cycle Forms of water Hydrology Soil physics Water Hidden categories : Pages containing links to subscription - only content CS1 maint : Extra text Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from January 2018 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013 Articles containing video clips Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans አማርኛ Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Български བོད ་ ཡིག Brezhoneg Català Čeština ChiShona Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego ગુજરાતી 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Igbo Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Қазақша Kreyòl ayisyen Latgaļu Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Shqip සිංහල Simple English سنڌي Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย ᏣᎳᎩ ತುಳು Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 74 more Edit links This page was last edited on 18 April 2018 , at 00 : 03 . 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Question: what is a another name for the water cycle


Wonder ( film ) - wikipedia Wonder ( film ) Jump to : navigation , search Wonder Theatrical release poster Directed by Stephen Chbosky Produced by David Hoberman Todd Lieberman Screenplay by Jack Thorne Steve Conrad Stephen Chbosky Based on Wonder by R.J. Palacio Starring Julia Roberts Owen Wilson Jacob Tremblay Izabela Vidovic Mandy Patinkin Daveed Diggs Music by Marcelo Zarvos Cinematography Don Burgess Edited by Mark Livolsi Production company Lionsgate Mandeville Films Participant Media Walden Media TIK Films Distributed by Lionsgate Release date November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) ( Regency Village Theater ) November 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 17 ) ( United States ) Running time 113 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $20 million Box office $248.5 million Wonder is a 2017 American drama film directed by Stephen Chbosky and written by Jack Thorne , Steve Conrad , and Stephen Chbosky , based on the 2012 novel of the same name by R.J. Palacio . The film stars Julia Roberts , Owen Wilson , and Jacob Tremblay . The film follows a child with Treacher Collins syndrome trying to fit in . Wonder was released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 , by Lionsgate and has grossed over $248 million worldwide on a $20 million budget . At the 90th Academy Awards , the film was nominated for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 2.1 Main cast members 2.2 Other cast members 3 Production 4 Music 5 Release 5.1 Box office 5.2 Critical response 5.3 Accolades 6 References 7 External links Plot ( edit ) August `` Auggie '' Pullman is a fifth - grade boy living in North River Heights in upper Manhattan . He has a rare medical facial deformity , which he refers to as `` mandibulofacial dysostosis . '' Due to numerous ( 27 ) surgeries , Auggie had been homeschooled by his mother Isabel , but as Auggie is approaching middle school age , Isabel and Nate decide to enroll him in Beecher Prep , a private school , for the start of middle school . At first , Auggie is ostracized by nearly all the student body , but he is soon befriended by a boy named Jack Will . During Halloween , Auggie wears an old GhostFace mask and costume because his dog , Daisy , threw up on his Boba Fett costume . Unrecognized , he walks around school knowing he would not get tormented while incognito . As he walks through the door to his homeroom he overhears Jack telling Julian Albans that he was only pretending to be friends with Auggie . Feeling betrayed , Auggie wants to quit Beecher Prep and go back to homeschooling , but his older sister Olivia , nicknamed `` Via , '' talks him out of it . Auggie later confides the incident to another friend , a girl named Summer , but swears her to secrecy . When Jack notices that Auggie has become quiet and distant he asks Summer why , but she only gives him the term `` Ghost Face '' as a clue ; Jack is shocked when it suddenly dawns on him that it was Auggie wearing the GhostFace costume , and thus had overheard everything he said to Julian. When Julian wants Jack to switch partners to be with him in a science fair project Jack refuses . When Julian asks Jack does he want to work with that `` freak , '' Jack angrily punches him in the face and a fight ensues between the two , which is soon broken up by Mr. Browne and Ms. Petosa . Jack is suspended for two days , and decides not to get Julian suspended too , knowing it would n't be fair . He later writes an apology letter to Mr. Tushman . Auggie , over winter break , requests Jack 's Minecraft coordinates , which Jack sends . Jack apologizes to Auggie , and Auggie accepts . During the rest of the school year , Auggie is repeatedly bullied by Julian and his group ; they leave hurtful notes on his desk and tape to his locker their class picture with Auggie photoshopped out . When Mr. Tushman later confronts Julian and his parents using all the notes and the doctored picture as evidence , Julian 's mother proclaims that she had had Auggie edited out of the photo to make it look more presentable to her friends at home ; she then says that the school should not be inclusive and that Auggie does not belong there . But despite her threats to pull their funding from the school , Tushman suspends Julian for two days . Julian showed remorse to Tushman for his actions to Auggie . Meanwhile , Via signs up for Drama Club at her high school after her best friend , Miranda , ignores her ; in the process , she meets Justin , a friendly boy with whom she forms a close friendship , which later develops into a romantic relationship . Later , Via is selected to be an understudy for the lead role in the school 's production of Our Town , with Justin as the lead actor . Later on , Isabel and Nate find out that Via 's play is coming around , and Via never told them about it , and they get into a fight with Auggie overhearing everything . Auggie later confronts his mom and his sister , who brush it off . Auggie then accuses them of lying and storms off to his room , and then Daisy starts to whimper . Via then rushes up to Auggie 's room telling him that Daisy is sick . They say goodbye to Isabel who meets Nate at the hospital . They then return that night without the dog , implying that Daisy died . On the night of the play , Miranda , the lead actress and Via 's former best friend , pretends to fall ill . Via takes her place and gives a performance that earns her a standing ovation . After the play , everyone , including Miranda and Justin , go home to the Pullmans and eat pizza to celebrate . During a school trip to a nature reserve , when Auggie and Jack are accosted and threatened by a group of seventh graders from another school , several of their classmates come to their defense . At the year 's end during the graduation ceremony , Tushman announces that Auggie has been selected for the Henry Ward Beecher Medal for standing out ; Auggie receives a standing ovation , and the movie ends with everyone applauding Auggie , and Isabel commenting on him being a wonder . Cast ( edit ) Main cast members ( edit ) Julia Roberts as Isabel Pullman Owen Wilson as Nate Pullman Jacob Tremblay as August `` Auggie '' Pullman Izabela Vidovic as Olivia `` Via '' Pullman Maccie Margaret Chbosky as Young Olivia Noah Jupe as Jack Will Bryce Gheisar as Julian Albans Elle McKinnon as Charlotte Cody Millie Davis as Summer Dawson Ty Consiglio as Amos Conti Kyle Harrison Breitkopf as Miles Noury James A. Hughes as Henry Joplin Sônia Braga as Grans Mandy Patinkin as Mr. Tushman Daveed Diggs as Mr. Browne Ali Liebert as Ms. Petosa Danielle Rose Russell as Miranda Navas Nadji Jeter as Justin Gidget as Darth - Daisy `` Daisy '' , Auggie and Via 's dog Other cast members ( edit ) Nicole Oliver as Mrs. Will Rachel Hayward as Mrs. Navas Crystal Lowe as Mrs. Sarah Albans Steve Bacic as Mr. Albans Erika McKitrick as Ella Lucia Thain as Savanna Wittenberg Sasha Neuhaus as Maya Markowitz Izzy Lieberman as Reid Kingsley Hannah Hoberman as Rebecca William Dickinson as Eddie Emma Tremblay as Michelle Lydia Jewett as Lina Annan Armen Bagdasrov as Danny Kaelyn Breitkopf as Angela Victoria V. Cruz as the Science Fair judge Benjamin Ratner as Mr. Davenport Production ( edit ) On November 27 , 2012 , it was announced that Lionsgate was developing the feature film adaptation of R.J. Palacio 's debut novel Wonder , while in talks with John August to write the screenplay . Mandeville Films ' David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman would be producing the film . On May 8 , 2013 , Jack Thorne was hired to adapt the novel , while August , who was previously reported as writer , had departed from the project . In October 2014 , John Krokidas was reported to be directing the film , but in April 2015 , Paul King was hired to take the directing duties . Steven Conrad was writing the script at that time . On April 14 , 2016 , Jacob Tremblay was cast in the film to play the lead role as Auggie Pullman , while Julia Roberts was in talks to play Auggie 's mother . On May 5 , 2016 , Roberts was confirmed to play the mother , with Stephen Chbosky signed on to direct the film . On June 27 , 2016 , Owen Wilson had joined the film to play Auggie 's father . On July 11 , 2016 , newcomer Noah Jupe joined the film to play Auggie 's best friend at school . On July 15 , 2016 , Daveed Diggs was cast in the film to play Mr. Browne , an English teacher at the school . On August 19 , 2016 , Sonia Braga joined the cast of the film , portraying the role of Roberts ' character 's mother . Jacob 's prosthetic makeup , designed and created by Arjen Tuiten , took an hour and half to apply . It consisted of a skull cap with prosthetic ears attached , a facial prosthetic that covered Jacob 's face , and a wig to tie it all together . Marcelo Zarvos composed the film 's score . Music ( edit ) Bea Miller composed a song entitled `` Brand New Eyes . '' It was released on August 3 , 2017 . Wonder author R.J. Palacio has often credited Natalie Merchant 's song `` Wonder '' from her 1995 album Tigerlily as the inspiration for her best - selling book and at Merchant 's invitation , the song will be featured in the soundtrack . Release ( edit ) Wonder was scheduled to be released in the United States on April 7 , 2017 by Lionsgate . On February 13 , 2017 , it was announced that the release date for Wonder had been pushed back to November 17 , 2017 . Wonder had its world premiere at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on November 14 , 2017 . Box office ( edit ) As of January 21 , 2018 , Wonder has grossed $129.9 million in the United States and Canada , and $118.6 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $248.5 million , against a production budget of $20 million . In the United States and Canada , Wonder was released alongside Justice League and The Star and was initially projected to gross around $9 million from 3,096 theaters in its opening weekend . However after grossing $740,000 from Thursday night previews and receiving a large number of group ticket sales , weekend projections were upped to $15 million . Weekend projections were again increased , this time to $28 million , after the film made $9.4 million on its first day . The film went on to debut to $27.1 million , finishing second at the box office behind Justice League . In its second weekend the film dropped just 17.7 % , grossing $22.7 million and finishing third at the box office . Critical response ( edit ) On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 85 % based on 154 reviews and an average rating of 7 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` Wonder does n't shy away from its bestselling source material 's sentiment , but this well - acted and overall winsome drama earns its tugs at the heartstrings . '' On Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating to reviews , the film has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100 , based on 33 critics , indicating `` generally favorable reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A + '' on an A+ to F scale , one of fewer than 80 films in the history of the service to receive such a score . Some with craniofacial disorders have criticized the film for casting an able - bodied actor as Auggie and for its inspirational message . Accolades ( edit ) Award Date of ceremony Recipient ( s ) and nominee ( s ) Result Ref . AARP 's Movies for Grownups Awards February 5 , 2018 Best Intergenerational Film Wonder Pending Readers ' Choice Poll Wonder Pending Academy Awards March 4 , 2018 Best Makeup and Hairstyling Arjen Tuiten Pending British Academy Film Awards February 18 , 2018 Best Makeup and Hair Naomi Bakstad , Robert Pandini and Arjen Tuiten Pending Casting Society of America January 18 , 2018 Big Budget -- Comedy Deborah Aquila , Kara Eide , Tricia Wood and Kris Woz Nominated Critics ' Choice Movie Awards January 11 , 2018 Best Young Actor / Actress Jacob Tremblay Nominated Best Adapted Screenplay Jack Thorne , Steve Conrad and Stephen Chbosky Nominated Best Hair & Makeup Wonder Nominated Heartland Film Festival December 31 , 2017 Truly Moving Picture Award Stephen Chbosky Won London Film Critics Circle January 28 , 2018 Young British / Irish Performer of the Year Noah Jupe Pending Make - Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild February 24 , 2018 Feature Motion Picture : Best Contemporary Makeup Naomi Bakstad , Jean Black and Megan Harkness Pending Feature Motion Picture : Best Contemporary Hair Styling Robert Pandini and Alisa Macmillian Pending Feature Motion Picture : Best Special Makeup Effects Michael Nickiforek and Arjen Tuiten Pending Seattle Film Critics Society December 18 , 2017 Best Youth Performance Jacob Tremblay Nominated Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association December 8 , 2017 Best Youth Performance Jacob Tremblay Nominated Women Film Critics Circle December 17 , 2017 Best Family Film Wonder Nominated References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Film releases '' . Variety Insight . Retrieved June 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` WONDER '' . Lionsgate Press . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Will ' Justice League ' Perform Like ' Wonder Woman ' or ' Suicide Squad ' at the Box Office ? '' . TheWrap . November 14 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Wonder ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved January 23 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Sneider , Jeff ( November 26 , 2012 ) . `` Lionsgate lining up John August to adapt ' Wonder ' '' . Variety . Retrieved June 28 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Jr , Mike Fleming ( May 8 , 2013 ) . `` Lionsgate Taps Jack Thorne To Adapt R.J. Palacio Novel ' Wonder ' '' . Retrieved July 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Ford , Rebecca ; Kit , Borys ( October 7 , 2014 ) . `` ' Kill Your Darlings ' Director to Helm YA Adaptation ' Wonder ' ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved July 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( April 23 , 2015 ) . `` ' Paddington ' Director Books Lionsgate 's YA Adaptation ' Wonder ' ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved July 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Geier , Thom ( April 14 , 2016 ) . `` ' Room ' Star Jacob Tremblay in Talks for Lionsgate 's ' Wonder ' '' . TheWrap . Retrieved July 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ; Ford , Rebecca ( May 5 , 2016 ) . `` Julia Roberts to Play Jacob Tremblay 's Mother in ' Wonder ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved July 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( June 27 , 2016 ) . `` Owen Wilson to Co-Star With Julia Roberts in ' Wonder ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Retrieved July 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( July 11 , 2016 ) . `` ' Night Manager ' Actor Joins Julia Roberts , Jacob Tremblay in ' Wonder ' ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved July 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lincoln , Ross A. ( July 15 , 2016 ) . `` Tony Winner Daveed Diggs Joins Lionsgate 's ' Wonder ' In First Post - ' Hamilton ' Film Role '' . Deadline . Retrieved July 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( August 19 , 2016 ) . `` Sonia Braga Playing Julia Roberts ' Mother in ' Wonder ' ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved November 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marcelo Zarvos to Score Steven Chbsoky 's ' Wonder ' '' . FilmMusicReporter . January 11 , 2017 . Retrieved January 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Wonder the Film '' . Natalie Merchant . Retrieved 6 November 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Julia Roberts , Jacob Tremblay 's Wonder gets spring 2017 release date '' . Entertainment Weekly . Time Inc . June 8 , 2016 . Retrieved August 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` First Look ! Julia Roberts and Jacob Tremblay Will Melt Your Heart in Wonder '' . People . August 10 , 2016 . Retrieved August 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Julia Roberts ' Drama ' Wonder ' Pushed to November '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media , LLC . February 13 , 2017 . Retrieved February 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Saval , Malina ( November 15 , 2017 ) . `` ' Wonder ' Premiere Celebrates Book 's Six - Year Journey to Big Screen , ' Once - in - a-Lifetime Actor ' Jacob Tremblay '' . Variety . Retrieved January 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Anita Busch ( November 14 , 2017 ) . `` The Tale Of Two Films : Walden Media 's ' The Star ' & ' Wonder ' Bow On Same Day '' . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( November 17 , 2017 ) . `` ' Justice League ' Powers To $13 M Thursday Night ; Beats ' Wonder Woman ' -- Friday AM Update '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved November 17 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : D'Alessandro , Anthony ( November 18 , 2017 ) . `` ' Justice League ' Encounters Kryptonite At The B.O. With $93 M+ Opening : Why The DC Movie Weakened '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved November 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( November 26 , 2017 ) . `` Thanksgiving B.O. At $268 M , + 3 % Over 2016 Spurred By ' Coco ' & Holdovers '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved November 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Wonder ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango . Retrieved December 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Wonder reviews '' . Metacritic . CBS Interactive Inc . Retrieved December 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Henley , Ariel . `` Hollywood 's Approach to Disabled Characters Is Still a Disaster '' . Vice . Vice . Retrieved 16 December 2017 . Jump up ^ Steussy , Lauren . `` What it 's really like to have the rare disease in ' Wonder ' '' . New York Post . New York Post . Retrieved 16 December 2017 . Jump up ^ Barack , Lauren . `` Critics Question the Representation of Disability in ' Wonder ' '' . School Library Journal . School Library Journal . Retrieved 16 December 2017 . Jump up ^ Lee , Ashley ( January 17 , 2018 ) . `` AARP 's Movies for Grownups Awards : ' The Post ' Leads Nominees '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Oscars : ' Shape of Water ' Leads With 13 Noms '' . The Hollywood Reporter . January 23 , 2018 . Retrieved January 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Ritman , Alex ( January 8 , 2018 ) . `` BAFTA Awards : ' Shape of Water , ' ' Three Billboards , ' ' Darkest Hour ' Lead Pack of Nominations '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved January 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Ford , Rebecca ( January 2 , 2018 ) . `` Artios Awards : Casting Society Reveals Film Nominees ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved January 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Critics ' Choice Awards : ' The Shape of Water ' Leads With 14 Nominations '' . The Hollywood Reporter . December 6 , 2017 . Retrieved December 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Truly Moving Picture Award '' . Heartland film . Archived from the original on February 10 , 2017 . Retrieved February 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ( December 19 , 2017 ) . `` ' Three Billboards ' Leads London Critics ' Circle Film Award Nominations '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved December 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Giardina , Carolyn ( January 5 , 2018 ) . `` Makeup Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Awards : ' Darkest Hour , ' ' Wonder ' Lead Feature Nominees '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved January 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` ' Blade Runner 2049 Leads the 2017 Seattle Film Critics Society Nominations '' . Seattle Film Critics Society . Retrieved December 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The 2017 WAFCA Awards '' . Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association . December 8 , 2017 . Retrieved December 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Neglia , Matt ( December 12 , 2017 ) . `` The 2017 Women Film Critics Circle ( WFCC ) Nominations '' . Retrieved December 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Benardello , Karen ( December 23 , 2017 ) . `` The Women Film Critics Circle Awards 2017 's Best Movies '' . Shockya.com . Retrieved December 23 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Wonder on IMDb Wonder at AllMovie Wonder at Box Office Mojo Wonder at Metacritic Wonder at Rotten Tomatoes ( hide ) Films by Stephen Chbosky Screenplay and directed The Four Corners of Nowhere ( 1995 ) The Perks of Being a Wallflower ( 2012 ) Wonder ( 2017 ) Screenplay only Rent ( 2005 ) Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wonder_(film)&oldid=822083537 '' Categories : 2017 films English - language films American films American drama films 2010s drama films Films about bullying Films about disability Films directed by Stephen Chbosky Films based on American novels Films based on children 's books Lions Gate Entertainment films Mandeville Films films Participant Media films Screenplays by Stephen Chbosky Walden Media films Films shot in British Columbia Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017 Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2018 All articles containing potentially dated statements Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Português Русский Suomi ไทย Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 24 January 2018 , at 08 : 33 . 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Question: what is the meaning of the movie wonder


Victoria & Abdul - wikipedia Victoria & Abdul Jump to : navigation , search Victoria & Abdul British release poster Directed by Stephen Frears Produced by Tim Bevan Eric Fellner Beeban Kidron Tracey Seaward Screenplay by Lee Hall Based on Victoria & Abdul by Shrabani Basu Starring Judi Dench Ali Fazal Eddie Izzard Adeel Akhtar Paul Higgins Michael Gambon Music by Thomas Newman Cinematography Danny Cohen Edited by Melanie Ann Oliver Production company BBC Films Perfect World Pictures Working Title Films Cross Street Films Distributed by Universal Pictures ( UK ) Release date September 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 03 ) ( Venice ) September 15 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 15 ) ( United Kingdom ) Running time 111 minutes Country United Kingdom Language English Box office $65.4 million Victoria & Abdul is a 2017 British biographical comedy - drama film directed by Stephen Frears and written by Lee Hall . The film is based on the book of same name by Shrabani Basu , about the real - life relationship between Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and her Indian Muslim servant Abdul Karim . It stars Judi Dench , Ali Fazal , Michael Gambon , Eddie Izzard , Tim Pigott - Smith and Adeel Akhtar . The film had its world premiere at the 74th Venice Film Festival , and was theatrically released on 15 September 2017 in the United Kingdom . It has grossed over $65 million worldwide . The film was nominated for Best Costume Design and Best Makeup and Hairstyling at the 90th Academy Awards , and Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy ( for Dench ) at the 75th Golden Globe Awards . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Release 5 Reception 6 Accolades 7 References 8 External links Plot ( edit ) Abdul Karim , a young prison clerk from Agra , India , is instructed to travel to England for Queen Victoria 's Golden Jubilee in 1887 to present her with a mohur , a gold coin which has been minted as a token of appreciation from British - ruled India . The Queen , who is lonely and tired of her fawning courtiers , develops an interest in and later a friendship with Abdul . She spends time with him alone , and promotes him to become her Munshi . She asks him to teach her Urdu and the Qur'an . When Victoria discovers that he is married , she invites his wife and mother - in - law to join him to England . They arrive wearing black Burqas , to the consternation of the household . While Victoria treats Abdul as a son , his preferment is resented by her household and inner circle , including her son Bertie and the Prime Minister . The household plots to undermine their relationship , hoping that Abdul will be sent home . When Victoria embarrasses herself by recounting to the court the one - sided account of the Indian Mutiny that Abdul had told her , Victoria 's faith and trust in him are shaken and she decides he must go home . But the following day she changes her mind and asks him to stay . She gives Abdul a bejewelled locket with her photograph . Victoria 's interest in India grows , and at her Isle of Wight home of Osborne House , she has the Durbar Room built for state functions , elaborately decorated with carvings by Bhai Ram Singh in an intricate style , and with a carpet from Agra . She hangs portraits of Indians in the House . She tells the household that she intends to give Abdul a knighthood . The Prime Minister is adamant that the royal household must find a way to get rid of Abdul . They research his family background in India , and present Victoria with a dossier to show that his family is more ordinary and poor than Abdul has told her . When Victoria insists her doctor examine Abdul to find out why his wife has not fallen pregnant , he discovers that Abdul has gonorrhea , and rushes to tell the Queen , expecting her to dismiss him in disgust . However , Victoria remains loyal to Abdul and admonishes her courtiers for plotting against him . Eventually the household decides that , if Victoria does not break with Abdul , they will all resign . They also threaten to certify Victoria as insane . When Victoria is told , she angrily summons the entire household to the Durbar Room and demands that anyone who wants to resign step forward . When none do so , she tells them she has decided not to make Abdul a knight , but to include him in her next honours list as a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order . When Victoria falls ill , she urges Abdul to return to India , while she can still provide him with protection . She warns him that when she dies , the court will turn on him , but Abdul insists that he will stay with Victoria until the end of her life . In 1901 , Victoria dies , and her son Bertie , now Edward VII , rejects Abdul , burning all the gifts and papers he has received from the Queen , and sending him and his family back to India . Abdul 's wife manages to save the locket for him . It is revealed that Abdul lived in India until his death eight years later in 1909 . The film ends with Abdul kneeling at a large statue of the Queen close to the Taj Mahal , talking to it and kissing its feet in respect . Cast ( edit ) Judi Dench as Queen Victoria Ali Fazal as Abdul Karim Eddie Izzard as Bertie , Prince of Wales Adeel Akhtar as Mohammed Tim Pigott - Smith as Sir Henry Ponsonby Olivia Williams as Jane Spencer , Baroness Churchill Fenella Woolgar as Miss Phipps Paul Higgins as Sir James Reid , Physician to the Queen Robin Soans as Arthur Bigge Julian Wadham as Alick Yorke Simon Callow as Mr. Puccini Michael Gambon as Lord Salisbury Production ( edit ) On 17 June 2016 , it was reported that Judi Dench would play Queen Victoria in Victoria & Abdul , a film based on the book of the same name by Shrabani Basu . Stephen Frears was set to direct . Dench had also portrayed Victoria in the 1997 film Mrs Brown . On 5 August 2016 , it was announced that Ali Fazal would play Victoria 's confidant Abdul Karim , while the film would be co-produced by Working Title Films and BBC Films , and co-financed by BBC and Focus Features . Focus also handles U.S. distribution rights , while Universal Pictures International handles all other countries . The script was written by Lee Hall , and the producers are Beeban Kidron , Tracey Seaward , Tim Bevan , and Eric Fellner , while the other cast includes Eddie Izzard , Michael Gambon , Tim Pigott - Smith , and Adeel Akhtar . Principal photography on the film began on 15 September 2016 , at Victoria 's former royal residence Osborne House on the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom . Costumes from the production were on display at Osborne House , from 24 July until 30 September 2017 . To capitalise on the renewed interest in Victoria arising from both the film and the concurrent second season of ITV 's Victoria television series , the Isle of Wight Tourist Board has created a ' Victoria 's Island Trail ' encouraging tourists to visit the key locations on the island that have connections to the Queen . The production also filmed at The Chatham Historic Dockyard , Kent on The HMS Gannet and the quayside adjacent to the ship . Release ( edit ) Victoria & Abdul was released for audiences in the United Kingdom on 15 September 2017 . Reception ( edit ) On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 66 % based on 175 reviews , with an average rating of 6.2 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` Victoria & Abdul reunites Dame Judi Dench with the role of Queen Victoria -- which is all this period drama needs to overcome its imbalanced narrative . '' On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100 , based on 34 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . In the Women 's Voices for Change , Alexandra MacAaron , who rated the movie eight out of ten , wrote that `` Judi Dench 's Oscar - worthy second turn as Queen Victoria is a poignant portrait of fading power and human connection . '' Christopher Orr 's response from The Atlantic was positive , and he wrote `` Victoria & Abdul is worth seeing for Dench 's magisterial performance and for Frears 's light but sure directorial touch . Just do n't mistake it for actual history . '' Writing for The Independent , Amrou Al - Kadhi was highly critical : `` Films like Victoria & Abdul seek to absolve our barbaric behaviour in colonised countries . '' He criticised the white - washing of the British Raj and the `` offensive two - dimensionality '' of Abdul 's character , who is shown kissing the feet of Queen Victoria and expressing gratitude for being among the `` glorious people '' of the British Empire . In the Daily Express , critic Andy Lea rated the film two out of five , describing Abdul 's character as `` disappointingly servile '' and criticising the plot as `` decent material for a knockabout farce '' , but praising Dench as `` predictably brilliant '' . In his 4 - out - of - 4 - rated review , Rex Reed in the New York Observer wrote : `` Judi Dench gives a touching , majestic performance '' and , complimenting the script and direction , he said that `` every scene is gorgeous to look at , every shot magnificently detailed and richly framed . And the exemplary performances are as good as it gets in movies today . '' Accolades ( edit ) Year Award / Festival Nominee ( s ) Result 2017 26th Heartland Film Festival Truly Moving Picture Award Stephen Frears Won 21st Hollywood Film Awards Hollywood Film Composer Award Thomas Newman Won 2018 14th North Texas Film Critics Association Best Actress Judi Dench Nominated 7th AACTA International Awards Best Actress Nominated 75th Golden Globe Awards Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy Nominated 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Nominated 38th London Film Critics Circle Awards British / Irish Actress of the Year Nominated 17th AARP Movies for Grownups Awards Best Actress Nominated 22nd Satellite Awards Best Actress Nominated Best Adapted Screenplay Lee Hall Nominated Best Costume Design Consolata Boyle Nominated 71st British Academy Film Awards Best Makeup and Hair Daniel Phillips and Lou Sheppard Nominated 90th Academy Awards Best Makeup and Hairstyling Nominated Best Costume Design Consolata Boyle Nominated References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` VICTORIA AND ABDUL ( PG ) '' . Universal Pictures Int ( UK ) . British Board of Film Classification . Retrieved August 22 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Victoria and Abdul ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved January 22 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Ritman , Alex ( June 17 , 2016 ) . `` Judi Dench to play Queen Victoria in Stephen Frears ' ' Victoria and Abdul ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved June 18 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Jaafar , Ali ( August 5 , 2016 ) . `` Stephen Frears ' ' Victoria and Abdul ' Adds Ali Fazal And Eddie Izzard ; Working Title - BBC Co-Pro , Focus Co-Fi And Distributing '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved August 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Cooley , Isobel ( September 15 , 2016 ) . `` ' Victoria and Abdul ' filming starts today at Osborne House '' . On The Wight . Retrieved September 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Moreno , Jon ( September 15 , 2016 ) . `` Dame Judi Dench filming at Osborne House for new Queen Victoria movie '' . Isle of Wight County Press . Retrieved September 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Iconic Judi Dench film costumes to go on display at Queen Victoria 's former home '' . The Daily Mirror . Retrieved 23 July 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Victoria initiative to increase Isle of Wight tourism '' . Isle of Wight County Press . Isle of Wight Country Press . Retrieved 21 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Kent Film Office . `` Kent Film Office Victoria and Abdul Article '' . Jump up ^ `` Victoria & Abdul ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved 21 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Victoria & Abdul reviews '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 21 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` '' Long Live the Queen ! '' Judi Dench Rules in Victoria and Abdul `` . Jump up ^ Orr , Christopher . `` The Lightweight Appeal of ' Victoria & Abdul ' '' . Jump up ^ Al - Kadhi , Amrou . `` Victoria and Abdul is another dangerous example of British filmmakers whitewashing colonialism '' . The Independent . Retrieved 18 September 2017 . Jump up ^ Lea , Andy . `` Victoria and Abdul review : An interesting true story that feels like a cop - out '' . Daily Express . Retrieved 18 September 2017 . Jump up ^ Reed , Rex . `` Victoria and Abdul review : Judi Dench Gives a Touching , Majestic Performance in ' Victoria and Abdul ' '' . New York Observer . Retrieved 20 October 2017 . External links ( edit ) Official website Victoria & Abdul on IMDb Stephen Frears filmography Feature films Gumshoe ( 1971 ) The Hit ( 1984 ) My Beautiful Laundrette ( 1985 ) Prick Up Your Ears ( 1987 ) Sammy and Rosie Get Laid ( 1987 ) Dangerous Liaisons ( 1988 ) The Grifters ( 1990 ) Hero ( 1992 ) Mary Reilly ( 1996 ) The Van ( 1996 ) The Hi - Lo Country ( 1998 ) High Fidelity ( 2000 ) Liam ( 2000 ) Dirty Pretty Things ( 2002 ) Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) The Queen ( 2006 ) Chéri ( 2009 ) Tamara Drewe ( 2010 ) Lay the Favorite ( 2012 ) Philomena ( 2013 ) The Program ( 2015 ) Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) Victoria & Abdul ( 2017 ) Television Three Men in a Boat ( 1975 ) Me ! I 'm Afraid of Virginia Woolf ( 1978 ) Afternoon Off ( 1979 ) Bloody Kids ( 1979 ) Walter ( 1982 ) Walter and June ( 1983 ) Saigon : Year of the Cat ( 1983 ) December Flower ( 1984 ) The Bullshitters : Roll Out The Gunbarrel ( 1984 ) Mr. Jolly Lives Next Door ( 1987 ) The Snapper ( 1993 ) Fail Safe ( 2000 ) The Deal ( 2003 ) Muhammad Ali 's Greatest Fight ( 2013 ) A Very English Scandal ( 2018 ) Works by Lee Hall Films Billy Elliot ( 2000 ) Gabriel & Me ( 2001 ) Pride & Prejudice ( 2005 ) The Wind in the Willows ( 2006 ) Toast ( 2010 ) War Horse ( 2011 ) Victoria & Abdul ( 2017 ) Musicals / opera Billy Elliot the Musical ( 2005 ) Beached ( 2011 ) Plays I Luv You Jimmy Spud ( 1995 ) The Love Letters of Ragie Patel ( 1997 ) The Sorrows of Sandra Saint ( 1997 ) Spoonface Steinberg ( 1997 ) Cooking with Elvis ( 1999 ) NE1 ( 2000 ) The Chain Play ( 2001 ) Child of the Snow ( 2005 ) Two 's Company ( 2005 ) The Pitmen Painters ( 2007 ) Shakespeare in Love ( 2014 ) Our Ladies of Perpetual Succour ( 2015 ) Network ( 2017 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_%26_Abdul&oldid=837852906 '' Categories : 2017 films English - language films British films British biographical films American drama films British drama films BBC Films films Cultural depictions of Queen Victoria on film Drama films based on actual events Films scored by Thomas Newman Films about old age Films based on non-fiction books Films directed by Stephen Frears Films produced by Tim Bevan Films produced by Eric Fellner Films set in the Victorian era Films set in 1887 Films set in 1901 Films set in England Films set in Florence Films set in India Films set in London Films set in Scotland Films shot in Agra Films shot in Delhi Films shot in Hertfordshire Films shot in London Films shot in Scotland Films shot in Surrey Films shot in Yorkshire Working Title Films films Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Nederlands Norsk Polski Português Русский Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 中文 12 more Edit links This page was last edited on 23 April 2018 , at 12 : 35 . 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Question: who plays the queen in victoria and abdul