Valinor - wikipedia Valinor Jump to : navigation , search Valinor Tolkien 's legendarium location Created by J.R.R. Tolkien Genre Novel Type Land Notable locations Tirion Notable characters Valar , Elves First appearance The Lord of the Rings Valinor ( Land of the Valar ) is a fictional location in J.R.R. Tolkien 's legendarium , the realm of the Valar in Aman . It was also known as the Undying Lands , along with Tol Eressëa and the outliers of Aman . This latter name is somewhat misleading ; the land itself , while blessed , did not cause mortals to live forever . However , only immortal beings were generally allowed to reside there . Exceptionally , the surviving bearers of the One Ring were allowed to dwell there for a time -- Bilbo and Frodo Baggins and Sam Gamgee -- and perhaps Gimli son of Glóin who , it is said , accompanied his friend Legolas to Valinor . Contents ( hide ) 1 Geography and residents 2 History 3 Other fantasy uses of the word 4 See also 5 References 6 Works cited 7 External links Geography and residents ( edit ) See also : Aman ( Middle - earth ) In Tolkien 's works Valinor is the home of the Valar ( singular Vala ) , spirits that often take humanoid form , sometimes called `` gods '' by the Men of Middle - earth . Other residents of Valinor include the related but less powerful spirits , the Maiar , and most of the Eldar . Valinor lies in Aman , a continent west of Middle - earth . Ekkaia , the encircling sea surrounds both Aman and Middle - earth . Valinor is located in the middle of Aman , in the tropical and subtropical latitudes . The land has a warm climate generally , though snow falls on the peaks of the Pelóri , the mountains that border Valinor . Every animal and plant found elsewhere in Middle - earth exists in Valinor along with species endemic to Valinor . While Valinor proper is the part of Aman inside the Pelóri , the `` shore of Valinor '' where the Elves live is considered a part of Valinor as well . Each Vala has its own region of the land where it resides and alters things as it pleases . The Mansions of Manwë and Varda , two of the most powerful spirits , stood upon Taniquetil , the highest mountain of the Pelóri . Yavanna , the Vala of Earth , Growth , and Harvest , resided in the Pastures of Yavanna in the south of the land , west of the Pelóri . Near - by were the mansions of Yavanna 's spouse , Aulë the Smith , who made the Dwarves . Oromë , the Vala of the Hunt , lived in the Woods of Oromë to the north - east of the pastures . Nienna , the lonely Vala of Sorrow and Endurance , lived in the far west of the island where she spent her days crying about all the evil of the world , looking out to sea . Just south of Nienna 's home , and to the north of the pastures , were the Halls of Mandos . Mandos was the Vala of the After - life . Also living in the Halls of Mandos was his spouse Vairë the weaver , who weaves the threads of time . To the east of the Halls of Mandos is the Isle of Estë , which is situated in the middle of the lake of Lórellin , which in turn lies to the north of the Gardens of Lórien ( not to be confused with Lothlórien in Middle - earth ) . Estë and Lórien were married . In east - central Valinor at the Girdle of Arda ( the Equator of Tolkien 's world ) is Valmar , the capital of Valinor ( also called Valimar or the City of Bells ) , the residence of the Valar and the Maiar in the realm of Valinor . The first house of the Elves , the Vanyar , settled there as well . The mound of Ezellohar , on which stood the Two Trees , and Máhanaxar , the Ring of Doom , are outside Valmar . Farther east is the Calacirya , the only easy pass through the Pelóri , a huge mountain range fencing Valinor on three sides , created to keep Morgoth 's forces out . In the pass is the city Tirion , built on a hill , the city of the Noldor Elves . By the shore of the sea , north - east of Tirion , is the Telerin Elves ' port Alqualondë . Directly east of the shore of Valinor is the isle of Tol Eressëa , where the Elves later built the city of Avallónë and where the Teleri lived for centuries before moving to Valinor itself . In the northern inner foothills of the Pelóri , hundreds of miles north of Valmar was Fëanor 's city of Formenos , built upon his banishment from Tirion . In the extreme north - east , beyond the Pelóri , was the Helcaraxë , a vast ice sheet that joined the two continents of Aman and Middle - earth before the War of Wrath . A long chain of islands called the Enchanted Isles were raised along the east coast Aman , to prevent anyone from reaching Aman by sea , without the blessing of the Valar . After the destruction of Númenor , the Undying Lands were removed from Arda so that Men could not reach them . The Elves could go there only by the Straight Road and in ships capable of passing out of the spheres of the earth . The size of Valinor is not specified in the text , and Tolkien created no detailed maps of Aman . The maps of Karen Wynn Fonstad , based on Tolkien 's rough sketch of Arda 's landmasses and seas , show Valinor about 800 miles wide , west to east ( from the Great Sea to the Outer Sea ) , and about 3000 miles long north to south - similar in size to the United States . The entire continent of Aman runs from the Arctic latitudes of the Helcaraxë to the subarctic southern region of Middle - earth - about 7000 miles . History ( edit ) Valinor was established on the western continent Aman when Melkor ( a Vala later named Morgoth , `` the black foe '' , by the Elves ) destroyed the Valar 's original home on the island Almaren . To defend their new home from attack , they raised the Pelóri Mountains . They also established Valimar , the radiant Two Trees , and their abiding places . Valinor was said to have surpassed Almaren in beauty . Later , the Valar heard of the awakening of the Elves in Middle - earth , where Melkor was unopposed . They proposed to bring the Elves to the safety of Valinor . However , to get Elves to Valinor , they needed to get Melkor out of the way . A war was fought , and Melkor 's stronghold Utumno was destroyed . Then , many Elves came to Valinor , and established their cities Tirion and Alqualonde , beginning Valinor 's age of glory . There was a problem , however . Melkor had come back to Valinor as a prisoner , and after three Ages was brought before the Valar and he sued for pardon , with a vow to assist the Valar and make amends for the hurts he had done . Manwë then granted him pardon , but confined him within Valmar to remain under watch . After his release , Melkor started planting seeds of dissent in the minds of the Elves ( particularly , the Noldor - the Vanyar would not hear him and Melkor considered the Teleri weak ) in Valinor , saying that the Valar had brought them here so that they would control them and claim their lands in Middle - earth as their own and that they were prisoners of the Valar . He also created dissent between Fëanor and his brothers Fingolfin and Finarfin . Belatedly , the Valar learned what Melkor had done . Knowing that he was discovered , Melkor went to the home of the Noldorin elves ' High King Finwë and stole the Noldorin elves ' prized jewels , the Silmarils , killing the king in the process . Melkor destroyed the Two Trees of Valinor with the help of Ungoliant , bringing an endless night to Valinor , then fled back to Middle - earth , to his other stronghold , Angband . The Two Trees , from which all light both in Valinor and in Middle - earth came , were dead . The last flowers of the Trees were given to two Maiar , each in their own ship , to sail around the world at different times of the day so that neither Valinor nor Middle - earth would be in darkness . One was called the Sun , and it shone a bright yellow . The other was called the Moon and it shone with a pale white light . As a result of the killing of king Finwë , the majority of the Noldor , led by Fëanor son of Finwë , the maker of the Silmarils , declared their rebellion and decided to pursue Melkor , afterwards known as Morgoth , to Middle - earth to win back their jewels and avenge their king . The Noldor would not listen to Manwë , the lord of the Valar , telling them that they had themselves come to Valinor of their own free will and that the Valar had no desire to rule or control any of them . But Manwë 's messenger said also that if they choose to leave and to fight Melkor on their own , the Valar would not help them and that they would suffer great pain and grief on their journey . Valinor took no part in the struggle between the Noldor and Morgoth , but when the Noldor were in total defeat , the mariner Eärendil convinced the Valar to make a last attack on Morgoth . A mighty host of Maiar , Vanyar and the remaining Noldor in Valinor destroyed Morgoth 's gigantic army , destroyed Angband and cast Morgoth into the void . During the Second Age , Valinor performed a single action : the building of the island Andor as a reward to the Edain ( who had fought with the Noldor ) , where they established Númenor . Soon , the kingdom of Númenor grew powerful , and even invaded Valinor . Then Eru Ilúvatar was called upon by the Valar and the island was destroyed , Aman was lifted out of Arda , and the world was bereft of Valar . Arda then became spherical and was left for Men to govern . During the Third Age , recognizing that an outright confrontation with dark Maia Sauron would be disastrous , the Valar sent the Istari to Middle - earth with the intent of giving counsel to Men in their resistance to the growing power of the Dark Lord . Other fantasy uses of the word ( edit ) In the Arcanis Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting the word `` Valinor '' also refers to celestial servants of the Gods . Their names often are in the style of the god , such as the Mercy of Neroth or the Judgement of Nier . In the 2003 pinball game ( by Stern Pinball ) , Valinor is the game 's final `` Wizard Mode '' . The Townes van Zandt song , `` The Silver Ships of Andilar '' , makes mention of a land called Valinor , although it is unclear if it is meant to be the same location , since van Zandt describes it as a lifeless plain . The song could be telling the story of Númenóreans sailing the Encircling Sea to reach Valinor . Aldarion was not only a mariner , but a Númenórean king as well . Van Zandt also describes a `` lifeless plain '' as only immortal beings are allowed to live in Valinor . See also ( edit ) Middle - earth portal Valhalla , a similar location in Norse mythology Álfheimr , another similar location in Norse mythology References ( edit ) Jump up ^ J.R.R. Tolkien , Letters , ed. by Humphrey Carpenter , # 156 , p. 205 . Jump up ^ J.R.R. Tolkien , The Return of the King , `` The Grey Havens '' , p. 1006 , and Appendix B , entry for S.R. 1482 and 1541 . Jump up ^ J.R.R. Tolkien , Letters , ed. by Humphrey Carpenter , # 249 , p. 328 -- 329 . Works cited ( edit ) Tolkien , J.R.R. The Return of the King . Houghton Mifflin . ISBN 0 - 618 - 00224 - 3 . Tolkien , J.R.R. Humphrey Carpenter , ed . Letters . Houghton Mifflin . ISBN 0 - 618 - 05699 - 8 . Oberhelman , David D. ( 2006 ) . `` Valinor '' . In Drout , Michael D.C. J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia : Scholarship and Critical Assessment . Routledge . pp. 692 -- 693 . ISBN 0 - 415 - 96942 - 5 . Fonstad , Karen Wynn ( 1991 ) , The Atlas of Middle - earth , Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt , Lothlórien , ISBN 0 - 618 - 12699 - 6 External links ( edit ) Valinor at the Encyclopedia of Arda ( hide ) J.R.R. Tolkien 's legendarium Writings Principal works The Silmarillion The Hobbit The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Other works The Adventures of Tom Bombadil The Road Goes Ever On Posthumous publications Unfinished Tales The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien The History of Middle - earth ( 12 volumes ) Bilbo 's Last Song The Children of Húrin The History of The Hobbit The Tale of Beren and Lúthien The Fall of Gondolin Fictional universe Characters Peoples Individual Dwarves Individual Elves Individual Hobbits Hobbit families Individual Númenóreans Individual Orcs Kings of Arnor House of Isildur Rangers of the North Arvedui Aragorn Eldarion Kings of Dale Kings of Gondor House of Anárion Eärnil II Kings of Rohan Éomer Théoden Rulers of Númenor Realms Objects Rings of Power One Ring Three Rings Palantír Silmarils Mithril Weapons and armour Sting Concepts Cosmology Ages or timeline Animals Plants Food and drink Wars and battles Rivers Anduin Roads Languages Magic Hobbit Day Secondary works and legacy The Atlas of Middle - earth The Complete Guide to Middle - earth A Guide to Middle - earth The Individuated Hobbit J.R.R. Tolkien : Author of the Century J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia Journeys of Frodo The Lord of the Rings : A Reader 's Companion Images of Middle - Earth Related fiction video games Things named after Tolkien and his works Tolkien 's Ring Tolkien : A Look Behind `` The Lord of the Rings '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valinor&oldid=808499390 '' Categories : Middle - earth realms Fictional continents Afterlife in fiction Hidden categories : All accuracy disputes Articles with disputed statements from June 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Languages Български Català Čeština Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 17 more Edit links This page was last edited on 3 November 2017 , at 06 : 18 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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Question: where do the elves go on the boat in lord of the rings


Felix Baumgartner - Wikipedia Felix Baumgartner Jump to : navigation , search Felix Baumgartner Baumgartner in April 2013 . Nickname ( s ) B.A.S.E. 502 -- Fearless Felix ( 1969 - 04 - 20 ) 20 April 1969 ( age 49 ) Salzburg , Austria Website felixbaumgartner.com Felix Baumgartner ( German : ( ˈfeːlɪks ˈbaʊ̯mˌɡaɐ̯tnɐ ) ; born 20 April 1969 ) is an Austrian skydiver , daredevil , and BASE jumper . He is best known for jumping to Earth from a helium balloon in the stratosphere on 14 October 2012 . Doing so , he set world records for skydiving an estimated 39 km ( 24 mi ) , reaching an estimated top speed of 1,357.64 km / h ( 843.6 mph ) , or Mach 1.25 . He became the first person to break the sound barrier without vehicular power relative to the surface on his descent . He broke skydiving records for exit altitude , vertical freefall distance without drogue , and vertical speed without drogue . Though he still holds the two latter records , the first was broken two years later , when on 24 October 2014 , Alan Eustace jumped from 135,890 feet -- or , 41.42 km ( 25.74 mi ) with a drogue . Baumgartner is also renowned for the particularly dangerous nature of the stunts he has performed during his career . Baumgartner spent time in the Austrian military where he practiced parachute jumping , including training to land on small target zones . Contents ( hide ) 1 Biography 1.1 Red Bull Stratos 1.1. 1 Test jumps 1.1. 2 Main jump 1.1. 3 Training for the jump 1.2 Audi Motorsport 2 Personal life 3 Awards and accolades 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Biography ( edit ) Tribute to Baumgartner in Straße der Sieger , Mariahilfer Street , Vienna , Austria Felix Baumgartner was born first of two boys on 20 April 1969 ( his brother is Gerard ) , in Salzburg , Austria . As a child , he dreamed about flying and skydiving . In 1999 , he claimed the world record for the highest parachute jump from a building when he jumped from the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . On 20 July 2003 , Baumgartner became the first person to skydive across the English Channel using a specially made carbon fiber wing . Alban Geissler , who developed the SKYRAY carbon fiber wing with Christoph Aarns , suggested after Baumgartner 's jump that the wing he used was a copy of two prototype SKYRAY wings sold to Red Bull ( Baumgartner 's sponsor ) two years earlier . Baumgartner also set the world record for the lowest BASE jump ever , when he jumped 29 metres ( 95 ft ) from the hand of the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro . This jump also stirred controversy among BASE jumpers who pointed out that Baumgartner cited the height of the statue as the height of the jump even though he landed on a slope below the statue 's feet , and that other BASE jumpers had previously jumped from the statue but avoided publicity . He became the first person to BASE jump from the completed Millau Viaduct in France on 27 June 2004 and the first person to skydive onto , then BASE jump from , the Turning Torso building in Malmö , Sweden , on 18 August 2006 . On 12 December 2007 , he became the first person to jump from the 91st floor observation deck of the then - tallest completed building in the world , Taipei 101 in Taipei , Taiwan . Baumgartner is a sympathiser of far right politics . Red Bull Stratos ( edit ) Main article : Red Bull Stratos In January 2010 , it was reported that Baumgartner was working with a team of scientists and sponsor Red Bull to attempt the highest sky - dive on record . Test jumps ( edit ) On 15 March 2012 , Baumgartner completed the first of 2 test jumps from 21,818 metres ( 71,581 ft ) . During the jump , he spent approximately 3 minutes and 43 seconds in free fall , reaching speeds of more than 580 km / h ( 360 mph ) , before opening his parachute . In total , the jump lasted approximately eight minutes and eight seconds and Baumgartner became the third person to safely parachute from a height of over 21.7 km ( 13.5 mi ) . On 25 July 2012 , Baumgartner completed the second of two planned test jumps from 29,460 metres ( 96,640 ft ) . It took Baumgartner about 90 minutes to reach the target altitude and his free fall was estimated to have lasted three minutes and 48 seconds before his parachutes were deployed . Main jump ( edit ) The launch was originally scheduled for 9 October 2012 but was aborted due to adverse weather conditions . Launch was rescheduled and the mission instead took place on 14 October 2012 when Baumgartner landed in eastern New Mexico after jumping from a then world - record 38,969.3 metres ( 127,852 feet ) and falling a record distance of 36,402.6 metres ( 119,431 feet ) ; the altitude record was broken by Alan Eustace in 2014 . Baumgartner also set the record for fastest speed of free fall at 1,357.64 km / h ( 843.6 mph ) , making him the first human to break the sound barrier outside a vehicle . Baumgartner was in free fall for 4 minutes and 19 seconds , 17 seconds short of mentor Joseph Kittinger 's 1960 jump . Training for the jump ( edit ) Baumgartner initially struggled with claustrophobia after spending time in the pressurized suit required for the jump , but overcame it with help from a sports psychologist and other specialists . Audi Motorsport ( edit ) In 2014 , Baumgartner decided to join Audi Motorsport to drive an Audi R8 LMS for the 2014 24 Hours of Nurburgring after racing Volkswagen Polos in 2013 . He underwent another intense physical and driver training session to prepare him for the race . He helped the team to a 9th place overall finish . Personal life ( edit ) In October 2012 , when Baumgartner was asked in an interview with the Austrian newspaper Kleine Zeitung whether a political career was an option for his future life , he stated that the `` example of Arnold Schwarzenegger '' showed , that `` you ca n't move anything in a democracy '' and that he would opt for a `` moderate dictatorship ( ... ) led by experienced personalities coming from the private ( sector of the ) economy '' . He finally stated he `` did n't want to get involved in politics . '' On 6 November 2012 , Baumgartner was convicted of battery and was fined € 1500 after slapping the face of a Greek truck driver , following a petty argument between the two men . In January 2016 , Baumgartner provoked a stir of critical news coverage in his home country after posting several critical remarks against refugees and recommending the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán for the Nobel Peace Prize . Later on , Baumgartner endorsed the presidential candidate of the right - wing populist Freedom Party of Austria , Norbert Hofer . On 13 July 2016 , Facebook deleted his fan page of 1.5 million fans . Baumgartner subsequently claimed that he must have become `` too uncomfortable '' for `` political elites '' . After Austrian authorities refused to grant sports tax breaks to Baumgartner , he moved to Arbon , Switzerland , whereupon his house in Salzburg and his helicopter were seized . Baumgartner dated Playboy German playmate of the century Gitta Saxx . Later he was engaged to Nicole Öttl , a model and former beauty queen ( Miss Lower Austria 2006 ) . They broke up in 2013 . His mother is named Eva , and he has one brother , Gerald Baumgartner . Since 2014 , he has been in a relationship with Romanian television presenter Mihaela Rădulescu . Awards and accolades ( edit ) In 2012 he won the Bambi award in the category of `` Millennium '' . In December 2012 , Baumgartner was named one of `` The Men of the Year 2012 '' by Top Gear magazine . He was named Laureus World Action Sportsperson of the Year ( 12 March 2013 ) . He received the Mankind Award at The 2013 Spike Guys ' Choice Awards . Flying magazine ranked him number 46 on their 2013 list of the `` 51 Heroes of Aviation '' ; he is the youngest living person on the list . See also ( edit ) Biography portal Alan Eustace -- surpassed Baumgartner 's record of highest jump on 24 October 2014 from 135,890 feet ( 41,420 m ) . Eugene Andreyev -- the former record holder for the longest - distance free fall jump . Joseph Kittinger -- set records for highest balloon ascent and highest parachute jump ; adviser and capsule communicator to Baumgartner . Michel Fournier -- who has been working on a 25 - mile ( 40 km ) jump for several years . Nick Piantanida -- flew highest balloon flight prior to Baumgartner : 123,500 - foot ( 37,600 m ) in 1966 . Project Manhigh -- pre-NASA military project that took men in balloons to the middle layers of Earth 's stratosphere . Participants set altitude and parachute jump records . Pyotr Dolgov -- died in 1962 carrying out a high - altitude jump . Charles `` Nish '' Bruce -- In the early 1990s , Kittinger played lead role assisting him to break the highest altitude record . The project was suspended in 1994 following Bruce 's mental health breakdown . Steve Truglia -- English stuntman who was planning a similar jump . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Citation Jump up ^ The FAI ratified the 3 world records claimed by Austrian parachutist Felix Baumgartner for Maximum Vertical Speed without drogue ( # 16669 ) 1,357.6 kilometres per hour ( 843.6 mph ) , Exit Altitude ( # 16670 ) 38,969.4 metres ( 127,852 ft ) , and Vertical Distance of Freefall ( # 16671 ) 36,402.6 metres ( 119,431 ft ) . 14 October 2012 flight did not break the FAI Absolute Altitude ( # 2325 ) record for balloon flight set in 1961 by Malcolm Ross , which requires the balloonist to descend with the balloon . Jump up ^ Baumgartner 's mother 's name has also been reported as Ava . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Abrams , Michael ( 2006 ) . Birdmen , Batmen , and Skyflyers : Wingsuits and the Pioneers Who Flew in Them , Fell in Them , and Perfected Them . New York : Harmony Books . pp. 247 -- 251 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4000 - 5491 - 6 . ^ Jump up to : `` Baumgartner 's Records Ratified by FAI ! '' Record Archived 15 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Fédération Aéronautique Internationale , 14 October 2012 . Accessed : 18 November 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Governing body ' FAI ' officially confirms Stratos world records '' . Red Bull Stratos . Retrieved 10 May 2013 . Maximum Vertical Speed ( without drogue ) 1,357.6 km / h ( equivalent to 843.6 mph / Mach 1.25 ) Jump up ^ Paur , Jason ( 15 October 2013 ) . `` Red Bull Releases Incredible POV Video of 128,000 - Foot Stratos Jump '' . Wired . Retrieved 15 October 2013 . ^ Jump up to : The International Air Sports Federation ( FAI ) . `` Parachuting World Records '' . Archived from the original on 29 June 2015 . Retrieved 20 March 2015 . Jump up ^ Tierney , John ( 14 October 2012 ) . `` Daredevil Prepares to Jump Nearly 25 Miles '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 14 October 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Official statement on closing of legal case '' ( Press release ) . Red Bull Stratos. 30 June 2011 . Archived from the original on 27 December 2011 . Jump up ^ Gray , Richard ( 5 February 2012 ) . `` Sky diver to break sound barrier with jump from edge of space '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Jump up ^ Henderson , Barney ; Irvine , Chris ( 9 October 2012 ) . `` Skydiver Felix Baumgartner attempts to break sound barrier : latest '' . Telegraph . London . Retrieved 9 October 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Baumgartner 's Records Ratified by FAI '' . The World Air Sports Federation ( FAI ) . 22 February 2013 . Archived from the original on 14 March 2013 . Retrieved 22 January 2014 . Jump up ^ The International Air Sports Federation ( FAI ) . `` Ballooning World Records '' . Archived from the original on 8 September 2016 . Retrieved 20 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Skydiver fell faster than thought , top speed verified at 844 mph _ or Mach 1.25 '' . Washington Post . Archived from the original on 5 February 2013 . Retrieved 4 February 2013 . Jump up ^ Amos , Jonathan ( 14 October 2012 ) . `` Skydiver Felix Baumgartner lands highest ever jump '' . BBC . Retrieved 14 October 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Markoff , John ( 24 October 2014 ) . `` Parachutist 's Record - Breaking Fall : 26 Miles , 15 Minutes '' . New York Times . Retrieved 24 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Baumgartner 's Records Ratified by FAI ! '' . FAI. 22 February 2013 . Archived from the original on 14 March 2013 . Retrieved 26 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Alan Eustace , D - 7426 , Bests High - Altitude World Record '' . U.S. Parachute Association . 24 October 2014 . Archived from the original on 15 May 2015 . Retrieved 26 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Felix Baumgartner '' . redbull.co.uk . Retrieved 23 March 2012 . Jump up ^ The picture that proves Felix Baumgartner always dreamed of reaching for the skies Jump up ^ `` Archive : 1999 '' . felixbaumgartner.com . Retrieved 23 March 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Birdman Flies Atair Parachutes Across English Channel '' . Atair Aerospace , Inc. 21 November 2003 . Archived from the original on 7 July 2011 . Retrieved 20 October 2012 . This page gives the date of Baumgartner 's jump as 31 July 2003 . Jump up ^ Abrams , p. 251 . Jump up ^ Dittrich , Luke ( 14 July 2010 ) . `` The Man Who Would Fall to Earth '' . Esquire . p. 4 . Archived from the original on 16 October 2012 . Retrieved 20 October 2012 . he leapt from the outstretched hand of O Cristo Redentor , the ninety - eight - foot - tall statue that looms over Rio de Janeiro ... the final product was ... a world record -- lowest BASE jump ever Jump up ^ Abrams , p. 249 . Jump up ^ Millau Viaduct Jump up ^ `` Pr - jippo kan sluta med åtal '' ( in Swedish ) . 18 August 2006 . Archived from the original on 13 December 2012 . Retrieved 5 December 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Extreme Felix Baumgartner jumping off Taipei 101 '' . YouTube . Retrieved 18 May 2010 . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Choi , Charles Q ( 22 January 2010 ) . `` ' Space diver ' to attempt first supersonic freefall '' . New Scientist . Retrieved 14 October 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Baumgartner breaks the Maximum Vertical Speed World Record '' . The World Air Sports Federation ( FAI ) . 26 July 2012 . Archived from the original on 30 December 2012 . Retrieved 30 December 2012 . Jump up ^ Dunn , Marcia ( 15 March 2012 ) . `` Skydiver jumps 13.6 miles on path to world 's highest jump '' . The Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved 15 March 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Felix Baumgartner 's jump from space 's edge watched by millions '' . The Associated Press . 14 October 2012 . Retrieved 30 October 2012 . Jump up ^ Dunn , Marcia ( 25 July 2012 ) . `` Skydiver Fearless Felix jumps from 19 miles up '' . Associated Press . Retrieved 25 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Record ID 16670 , Parachuting -- Exit altitude Fédération Aéronautique Internationale , 14 October 2012 . Accessed : 15 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Skydiver fell faster than thought '' . The Blade . 2 April 2013 . Retrieved 17 October 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Record ID 16671 , Parachuting -- Freefall distance Fédération Aéronautique Internationale , 14 October 2012 . Accessed : 15 December 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Irvine , Chris ( 14 October 2012 ) . `` Felix Baumgartner : Daredevil in record - breaking free fall attempt : live '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 14 October 2012 . Jump up ^ Tierney , John ( 14 October 2012 ) . `` Daredevil Jumps , and Lands on His Feet '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 14 October 2012 . Jump up ^ Tierney , John ( 14 October 2012 ) . `` Daredevil Jumps , and Lands on His Feet '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 14 October 2012 . Jump up ^ ( CNN ) Report . Retrieved 14 October 2012 . Jump up ^ NYDaily News : Red Bull Stratos Retrieved 15 October 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Felix Baumgartner to race at Nürburgring 24 Hours '' . redbull.com . Retrieved 9 March 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Audi teams aim for third victory at Bathurst '' . Audi MotorsportInfo. 2 December 2014 . Retrieved 2 October 2016 . Jump up ^ Höfler , Klaus ( 27 October 2012 ) . `` Baumgartner : `` Wir würden eine gemäßigte Diktatur brauchen '' `` . Kleine Zeitung . Retrieved 28 October 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Daredevil skydiver Felix Baumgartner opts for ' moderate dictatorship ' '' . AFP . 28 October 2012 . Retrieved 4 November 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Petridis , Alexis ( 1 November 2012 ) . `` Space jumper Felix Baumgartner parachutes into politics '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 4 November 2012 . Jump up ^ Felix Baumgartner : Ohrfeige ist `` angemessene Erziehungsmethode '' Jump up ^ Körperverletzung : Felix Baumgartner schuldig orf.at , German . 6 November 2012 Jump up ^ `` Jan Böhmermann will Til Schweiger auf Felix Baumgartner hetzen '' . Retrieved 27 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Felix Baumgartner ruft zur Wahl von Hofer auf '' . krone.at . Retrieved 27 September 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Facebook - Seite gelöscht : Felix Baumgartner ortet `` politische Eliten '' dahinter `` . Retrieved 27 September 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Sein tiefster Fall '' . Die Zeit ( in German ) . 14 November 2013 . Jump up ^ Samuel , Henry ( 15 October 2012 ) . `` The picture that proves Felix Baumgartner always dreamed of reaching for the skies '' . Telegraph . London . Retrieved 4 November 2012 . Jump up ^ Felix Baumgartner biography Jump up ^ `` Papa Baumgartner - '' . 18 October 2012 . Retrieved 27 September 2016 . Jump up ^ Meet Mihaela Radulescu , Felix Baumgartner 's Girlfriend Jump up ^ Baumgartner : `` Millennium '' BAMBI Archived 20 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` The Men of the Year 2012 '' , Top Gear ( magazine ) Jump up ^ Sturtridge , Tim . `` Felix Baumgartner wins Laureus Sports Award '' . 2013 Red Bull . Retrieved 10 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` 51 Heroes of Aviation '' . Flying Magazine . Flying Magazine . Retrieved 20 March 2015 . Jump up ^ Tom Read , Freefall ( Little Brown , Edition 1 , 1998 ) . ISBN 0 - 316 - 64303 - 3 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Felix Baumgartner . Official website Space Dive , BBC documentary about Baumgartner ( 2012 ) , 60 minutes . Video ( 03 : 14 ) -- Felix Jump -- Christ Statue -- Rio de Janeiro -- 9 July 2005 . Video ( 09 : 25 ) -- Felix Jump -- POV from Stratosphere ( 127,851 ft ) -- 14 October 2012 . Felix Baumgartner career summary at DriverDB.com Records Preceded by Joseph Kittinger Highest space dive ( 38.969 km ) 14 October 2012 -- 24 October 2014 Succeeded by Alan Eustace Laureus World Sports Award for Action Sportsperson of the Year winners 2000 : Shaun Palmer 2001 : Mike Horn 2002 : Bob Burnquist 2003 : Dean Potter 2004 : Layne Beachley 2005 : Ellen MacArthur 2006 : Angelo d'Arrigo 2007 : Kelly Slater 2008 : Shaun White 2009 : Kelly Slater 2010 : Stephanie Gilmore 2011 : Kelly Slater 2012 : Kelly Slater 2013 : Felix Baumgartner 2014 : Jamie Bestwick 2015 : Alan Eustace 2016 : Jan Frodeno 2017 : Rachel Atherton VIAF : 55197951 LCCN : n2013032248 ISNI : 0000 0003 8592 4589 GND : 128394714 BNF : cb16730468j ( data ) NKC : xx0182738 BNE : XX5371861 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix_Baumgartner&oldid=838185880 '' Categories : 1969 births Living people Austrian military personnel Austrian skydivers People from Salzburg Space diving Austrian racing drivers Austrian stunt performers Flight altitude record holders Laureus World Sports Awards winners 24 Hours of Nürburgring drivers Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links CS1 Swedish - language sources ( sv ) CS1 German - language sources ( de ) Use dmy dates from October 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaelg 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Kapampangan Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar മലയാളം मराठी مصرى Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Shqip Sicilianu Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська اردو Vèneto Tiếng Việt 中文 50 more Edit links This page was last edited on 25 April 2018 , at 13 : 05 . 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List of to Kill a Mockingbird characters - wikipedia List of to Kill a Mockingbird characters Jump to : navigation , search To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960 . It was instantly successful , winning the Pulitzer Prize , and has become a classic of modern American literature , widely read in US high schools and middle schools . The story takes place during three years of the Great Depression in the fictional Maycomb , Alabama . This is a list of the characters : Contents ( hide ) 1 Primary characters 1.1 Atticus Finch 1.2 `` Scout '' Finch 1.3 `` Jem '' Finch 1.4 Dill Harris 1.5 Calpurnia 1.6 Arthur `` Boo '' Radley 1.7 Judge John Taylor 1.8 Miss Maudie Atkinson 1.9 Bob Ewell 1.10 Mayella Ewell 1.11 Tom Robinson 1.12 Aunt Alexandra 2 Minor characters 2.1 Jack Finch 2.2 Francis Hancock 2.3 Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose 2.4 Mr. Heck Tate 2.5 Mr. Braxton Underwood 2.6 Mr. Horace Gilmer 2.7 Dr. Scott Reynolds 2.8 Dolphus Raymond 2.9 Link Deas 2.10 Miss Caroline Fisher 2.11 Reverend Sykes 2.12 Miss Stephanie Crawford 2.13 Miss Rachel Haverford 2.14 Helen ( Sophy ) Robinson 2.15 Nathan Radley 2.16 Jessie 2.17 Burris Ewell 2.18 Lula 2.19 Mrs. Grace Merriweather 2.20 Walter Cunningham , Jr . 2.21 Walter Cunningham , Sr . 2.22 Little Chuck Little 2.23 Mr. Dick Avery 2.24 Miss Gates 2.25 Eula May 2.26 Cecil Jacobs 2.27 Tim Johnson 2.28 Simon Finch 2.29 Maxwell Green 2.30 Mr. X Billups 2.31 The Barber Sisters ( Miss `` Tutti '' and Miss `` Frutti '' ) 2.32 Mrs. Gertrude Farrow 2.33 Mr. Conner 2.34 Zeebo 3 References Primary characters ( edit ) Atticus Finch ( edit ) Main article : Atticus Finch Atticus Finch is the middle - aged father of Jem and Scout Finch . He is a lawyer and was once known as `` the deadliest shot in Maycomb County '' . Although he was a good shot , he does not like to mention the fact as he does not like the thought of having an advantage over people . He appears to support racial equality and was appointed to represent Tom Robinson , a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman , Mayella Ewell . The town disapproves of him defending Tom especially when he makes clear his intent to defend Tom Robinson to the best of his abilities . He is portrayed by Gregory Peck in the film adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird . `` Scout '' Finch ( edit ) Jean Louise `` Scout '' Finch is the narrator and To Kill a Mockingbird is told by an adult Scout who often comments on how she could not understand something at the time but now can appreciate it . She gets in trouble with her teacher Miss Caroline because Miss Caroline expects Scout to learn reading and writing her way . She is a tomboy and spends the most of her time with her brother Jem and best friend Dill . To Jem 's advice to pretend to be a lady and start sewing or something , she answers ' Hell no . ' The rare hints the narrator gives us about her grown - up life reveal that she ultimately has n't changed herself for others . She matures from age 6 to age 9 as the novel progresses but remains naive and idealistic , despite an increased understanding of human nature and racism in her town . At the beginning of the book , Scout is confused by some of the words and names she hears people directing towards her father , such as `` nigger - lover '' . Being only six , Scout does not know how to handle such situations so she tries to resolve her problems by fighting , or by talking to Atticus about what she has heard . By the end of the book , Scout realizes that racism does exist and comes to terms with its presence in her town . Scout also learns how to deal with others , including the Finch family housekeeper , Calpurnia , and her aunt , Alexandra . Scout is the only one of the novel 's primary three children ( Dill , Jem , and herself ) to see and speak to Boo Radley during the course of the novel and realize that he is harmless , despite her initial fear of him . She also stops a mob that is trying to lynch Tom Robinson by talking to the mob leader , Mr. Cunningham , about inviting his son , Walter , over for dinner . Mr. Cunningham then tells the other mob members to get back in their cars and leave them alone . The members listen , and Scout unintentionally saves Tom Robinson 's life . She is portrayed by Mary Badham in the film adaption of To Kill a Mockingbird . Notable quote : `` Until I feared I would lose it , I never loved to read . One does not love breathing . '' `` Jem '' Finch ( edit ) Jeremy Atticus `` Jem '' Finch is Atticus ' son and Scout 's older brother by four years . Jem matures greatly throughout the course of the novel , much more affected by events than Scout seems to be . Being four years Scout 's senior , Jem is seen to have a greater understanding of - and therefore greater difficulty in navigating - the obstacles thrown their way . Jem is seen explaining many things to Scout throughout the novel . Bob Ewell breaks Jem 's arm , subsequently resulting in it being shorter than it had been , in an attempt to protect his sister . He is portrayed by Phillip Alford in the film adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird . Dill Harris ( edit ) Charles Baker `` Dill '' Harris is a short , smart boy who visits Maycomb every summer from Meridian , Mississippi , and stays with his Aunt Rachel ( Aunt Stephanie in the film ) . Dill is the best friend of both Jem and Scout , and his goal throughout the novel is to get Boo Radley to come out of his house . The children concoct many plans to lure Boo Radley out of his house for a few summers until Atticus tells them to stop . In chapter 5 of the novel , Dill promises to marry Scout and they become `` engaged '' . One night Dill runs away from his home in Meridian , arriving in Maycomb County where he hides under Scout 's bed . When she finds Dill , he tells both Scout and Atticus that he was chained to a wall in his father 's basement ; later , he confesses he actually ran away because he felt he was being replaced by his stepfather . Before Dill returned to Meridian after the summer , he went swimming with Jem at the Barker 's Eddy creek . Scout , unfortunately , was unable to participate , because both boys were swimming naked . Unlike Scout and Jem , Dill lacks the security of family support . He is unwanted and unloved by his mother and stepfather : `` They do get on a lot better without me , I can not help them any . '' As Francis ( a cousin of Jem and Scout ) says , `` He has n't got a home , he just gets passed around from relative to relative . '' Dill maintains he has no father ; he does n't know where his father might live , or if he will ever come back . He is played by John Megna in the film adaption of To Kill a Mockingbird . This character is believed to be based on author Truman Capote , a childhood friend of Harper Lee . Calpurnia ( edit ) Calpurnia , nicknamed Cal , is the Finch family 's African - American housekeeper , whom the children love and Atticus deeply respects ( he remarks in her defense that she `` never indulged ( the children ) like most colored nurses '' ) . She is highly regarded by Atticus . She is an important figure in Scout 's life , providing discipline , instruction , and love . She also fills the maternal role for the children after their mother 's death . Calpurnia is a mother herself and raised her son , Zeebo , to adulthood . Calpurnia is one of the few black characters in the novel who is able to read and write , and it is she who taught Scout to write . She learned how to read from Miss Maudie 's aunt , Miss Buford , who taught her how to read out of Blackstone 's Commentaries , a book given to her . Aunt Alexandra despised Calpurnia because Alexandra believed that Calpurnia was not a `` maternal figure '' for Jem and Scout , especially for Scout . Calpurnia is a member of the First Purchase M.E. African Church in Maycomb . While Scout always hears her speak proper English , she is surprised to learn that Calpurnia does not do so at church , especially with the uneducated members of the congregation . While everyone in the novel is filtered through Scout 's perception , Calpurnia in particular appears for a long time more as Scout 's idea of her than as a real person . At the beginning of the novel , Scout appears to think of Calpurnia as the wicked stepmother to Scout 's own Cinderella . However , towards the end of the book , Scout views Calpurnia as someone she can look up to , and realizes Calpurnia has only protected her over the years . She is played by Estelle Evans in the film . Arthur `` Boo '' Radley ( edit ) Arthur `` Boo '' Radley is a recluse in To Kill a Mockingbird . Maycomb children believe he is a horrible person , due to the rumors spread about him and a trial he underwent as a teenager . It is implied during the story that Boo is a very lonely man who attempts to reach out to Jem and Scout for love and friendship , such as leaving them small gifts and figures in a tree knothole . Scout finally meets him at the very end of the book , when he saves the children 's lives from Bob Ewell . Scout describes him as being sickly white , with a thin mouth , thin and feathery hair , and grey eyes , almost as if he were blind . During the same night , when Boo whispers to Scout to walk him back to the Radley house , Scout takes a moment to picture what it would be like to be Boo Radley . While standing on his porch , she realizes his `` exile '' inside his house is really not that lonely . Boo Radley 's heroics in protecting the children from Bob Ewell are covered up by Atticus , Sheriff Tate , and Scout . This can be read as a wise refusal of fame . As Tate notes , if word got out that Boo killed Ewell , Boo would be inundated with gifts and visits , calamitous for him due to his reclusive personality . The precocious Scout recognizes the danger : renown would `` kill the mockingbird '' . Boo Radley is a ghost who haunts the book yet manifests himself at just the right moments in just the right way . He is , arguably , the most potent character in the whole book and as such , inspires the other key characters to save him when he needs saving . After the Tom Robinson trial , Jem and Scout have a different understanding of Boo Radley . `` Scout , I think I 'm beginning to understand something . I think I 'm beginning to understand why Boo Radley 's stayed shut up in the house all this time ... it 's because he wants to stay inside . '' ( 23.117 ) Having seen a sample of the horrible things their fellow townspeople can do , choosing to stay out of the mess of humanity does n't seem like such a strange choice . When Boo finally does come out , he has a good reason : Bob Ewell is trying to murder the Finch children . No one sees what happens in the scuffle , but at the end of it , Ewell is dead and Boo carries an unconscious Jem to the Finch house . Finally faced with Boo , Scout does n't recognize him at first , but suddenly realizes who he is . Boo Radley is played by Robert Duvall in the film . Judge John Taylor ( edit ) Judge John Taylor is a white - haired old man with a reputation for running his court in an informal fashion and an enjoyment of singing and dipping tobacco . He is unimportant to the children until he presides over the Tom Robinson trial , in which he shows great distaste for the Ewells and great respect for Atticus . Because of the judge 's sympathies for Tom , Bob Ewell breaks into the judge 's house while the judge 's wife is at church . After the trial , Miss Maudie points out to the children that the judge had tried to help Tom by appointing Atticus to the case instead of Maxwell Green , the new , untried lawyer who usually received court - appointed cases . Judge Taylor knew that Atticus was the only man who would stand a chance at acquitting Tom , or at least would be able to keep the jury thinking for more than a few minutes . By doing this , Judge Taylor was not giving in or supporting racism . He is portrayed in the film by Paul Fix . Miss Maudie Atkinson ( edit ) Miss Maude `` Maudie '' Atkinson lives across the street from the Finch family . She had known the Finches for many years , having been brought up on the Buford place , which was near the Finches ' ancestral home , Finch 's Landing . She is described as a woman of about 40 who enjoys baking and gardening ; her cakes are especially held in high regard . However , she is frequently harassed by devout `` Foot - Washing Baptists '' , who tell her that her enjoyment of gardening is a sin . Miss Maudie befriends Scout and Jem and tells them stories about Atticus as a boy . It is strongly implied that she and Atticus have a more than platonic relationship . Also , she is one of the few adults that Jem and Scout hold in high regard and respect . She does not act condescendingly towards them , even though they are young children . During the course of the novel , her house burns down ; however , she shows remarkable courage throughout this ( even saying that she wanted to burn it down herself to make more room for her flowers ) . She is not prejudiced , though she talks caustically to Miss Stephanie Crawford , unlike many of her Southern neighbors , and teaches Scout important lessons about racism and human nature . It is important to note that Miss Maudie fully explains that `` it is a sin to kill a mockingbird '' , whereas Atticus Finch initially brings up the subject but does n't go into depth . When Jem gets older , and does n't want to be bothered by Scout , Miss Maudie keeps her from getting angry . Maudie is played by Rosemary Murphy in the film . Bob Ewell ( edit ) Robert E. Lee `` Bob '' Ewell is the main antagonist of To Kill a Mockingbird . He has a daughter named Mayella and a younger son named Burris , as well as six other unnamed children . He is an alcoholic , poaching game to feed his family because he spends whatever money they legally gain via government `` relief checks '' on alcohol . It is implied , and evidence suggests , that he was the one who abused his daughter Mayella , not Tom Robinson ( the African American man accused of doing so ) . Although most everybody in town knows that the Ewells are a disgrace and not to be trusted , it is made clear that Tom Robinson was convicted because he is a Negro whose accuser is white . Upon hearing of Tom 's death , Bob is absolutely gleeful , gloating about his success . After being humiliated at the trial , however , he goes on a quest for revenge , becoming increasingly violent . He begins by spitting in Atticus ' face , followed by a failed attempt to break into the home of Judge Taylor , then finally menacing Helen , the poor widow of Tom Robinson . Ewell later attempts to murder Jem and Scout Finch with a knife to complete his revenge . Fortunately , Boo Radley saves Jem and Scout and it is believed that he kills Ewell with the knife . Heck Tate , the sheriff , puts in the official report that Bob Ewell fell on his own knife and died after lying under a tree for 45 minutes . Ewell is played by James Anderson in the film . Mayella Ewell ( edit ) Mayella Violet Ewell , 19 , is the oldest of the eight Ewell children . Before the trial , Mayella is noted for growing red geraniums outside her otherwise dirty home in order to bring some beauty into her life . Due to her family 's living situation , Mayella has no opportunity for human contact or love . She eventually gets so desperate that she attempts to seduce a black man , Tom Robinson , by saving up nickels to send her siblings to go get ice cream so that Mayella can be alone with Tom . Her father sees this through a window and in punishment he beats her . Ewell then finds the sheriff , Heck Tate , and tells him that his daughter has been raped and beaten by Tom . At the trial , Atticus points out that only the right side of Mayella 's face is injured , suggesting a left - handed assailant ; Tom 's left arm is mangled and useless , but Bob Ewell is left - handed . When Atticus asks her if she has any friends , she becomes confused because she does not know what a friend is . During her testimony she is confused by Atticus ' polite speech and thinks that his use of `` Miss Mayella '' is meant to mock her . She testifies against Tom Robinson . Mayella is played by Collin Wilcox in the film . Tom Robinson ( edit ) Thomas `` Tom '' Robinson is an African - American who is put on trial for the rape of a white woman , Mayella Ewell . Atticus is assigned to defend him , and stands up to a lynch mob intent on exacting their own justice against him before the trial begins . Tom 's left arm is crippled and useless , the result of an accident with a cotton gin when he was a child . Atticus uses this fact as the cornerstone of his defense strategy , pointing out that the nature of Mayella 's facial injuries strongly suggest a left - handed assailant . Tom testifies that he had frequently helped Mayella with household chores because he felt sorry for her and the family 's difficult life - a statement that shocks the all - white , male jury . Despite Atticus ' skilled defense , the jury 's racial prejudices lead them to find Tom guilty . Atticus plans to appeal the verdict , but before he can do so , Tom is shot and killed while trying to escape the prison where he is being held . Tom Robinson is played by Brock Peters . Aunt Alexandra ( edit ) Alexandra Hancock ( née Finch ) is Atticus ' and Jack 's sister , married to James `` Uncle Jimmy '' Hancock . She has a son named Henry and a very spoiled grandson named Francis . Around the middle of the book , Aunt Alexandra decides to leave her husband at Finch 's Landing , the Finch family homestead to come stay with the Finches . Aunt Alexandra does n't consider the black Calpurnia to be a very good motherly figure for Jem and Scout ; she disapproves of Scout being a tomboy and wants to make Scout into a southern belle ( encouraging her to act more ' lady like ' ) . This is the cause of many conflicts between Scout and Alexandra throughout the course of the novel . However , as the trial progresses , Scout comes to see how much her aunt cares for her father and what a strong woman she is . This is especially evidenced by a tea party when Scout is horrified by the racism displayed , and her aunt and Miss Maudie help her deal with her feelings . By the end of the book , it 's clear that Alexandra cares very much for her niece and nephew , though she and Scout will probably never really get along . Minor characters ( edit ) Jack Finch ( edit ) John Hale `` Jack '' Finch is Atticus ' and Alexandra 's younger brother . ( He is about 40 , which is 10 years younger than Atticus . ) Jack smells like alcohol and something sweet , and is said that he and Alexandra have similar features . Jack is a childless doctor who can always make Scout and Jem laugh , and they adore him . He and Miss Maudie are close to the same age ; he frequently teases her with marriage proposals , which she always declines . Jack also has a pet cat named Rose Aylmer , who is mentioned during the Christmas visit . Francis Hancock ( edit ) Francis Hancock is the spoiled grandson of Aunt Alexandra . ( The son of her son , Henry Hancock . ) Every Christmas , Henry and his wife drop Francis at Finch 's Landing , which is the only time Scout and Jem see him . Francis lives in Mobile , Alabama , and is a bit of a tattle - tale . He gets along well with Jem , but often spars with Scout . One Christmas , Francis calls Atticus a `` n * * * * * - lover , '' as well as insisting that he was ruining the family and the likes , which infuriates Scout and causes them to get into a fight . Francis lies about his role in it , telling Uncle Jack that Scout started it by calling him a `` whore lady '' , and Jack therefore punishes Scout . However , she explains the full story and charitably persuades her uncle not to punish Francis about it , but to let Atticus think they had been fighting about something else ( although Atticus later discovers the truth ) . Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose ( edit ) Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose is an elderly woman who lives near the Finches . She is hated by the children , who run by her house to avoid her . Scout describes Mrs. Dubose as `` plain hell . '' A virulent racist , she calls Atticus a `` nigger - lover '' to his children 's faces , and Jem flies into a rage and ravages Mrs. Dubose 's camellia bushes . As a punishment , Jem is required to read to Mrs. Dubose each day for a month . As Jem reads , she experiences a fit of drooling and twitching and does not seem to pay any attention to the words . When an alarm rings , Jem is allowed to leave for the day . She extends the punishment for one extra week and dies shortly after letting Jem go for the last time . Atticus informs him that Mrs. Dubose was terminally ill and had become addicted to morphine . By reading to her , Jem had distracted her so that she could break the addiction . In thanks , she leaves him a candy box with a camellia flower in it ; Jem burns the box in anger , but is later seen by Scout admiring the flower . Atticus tells Jem that Mrs. Dubose was the bravest person he ever knew , and she was trying to teach Jem the importance of bravery and true courage to endure anything when the situation is hopeless , as in her morphine addiction . Mr. Heck Tate ( edit ) Mr. Heck Tate is a friend of Atticus and also the sheriff of Maycomb County . He believes in protecting the innocent although he does n't usually show it . When Tom has been locked in jail and a lynch mob turns up to kill him , the sheriff refuses to hand Tom over , instead dispersing the crowd . At the end of the book , the two men argue over whether Jem or Boo Radley should be held responsible for the death of Bob Ewell . Heck eventually persuades Atticus to accept the theory that Ewell accidentally fell on his own knife , thus saving the harmless , reclusive Boo from the public exposure of a criminal trial . Mr. Braxton Underwood ( edit ) Mr. Braxton Bragg Underwood is a news reporter and a friend of Atticus . He owns and also publishes The Maycomb Tribune . Being a racist , he disagrees with Atticus on principle . He also has a strong belief in justice , as exemplified when he defends Atticus from the Cunningham mob by having his double barrel shotgun loaded and ready to shoot them . He also demonstrates some humanity when he publishes a scathing editorial comparing the killing of Tom Robinson ( a cripple ) to `` the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and children '' . Mr. Horace Gilmer ( edit ) Mr. Horace Gilmer is a lawyer from Abbottsville , and is the prosecuting attorney in the Tom Robinson case . Mr. Gilmer is between the ages of forty and sixty . Mr. Gilmer has a slight cast with one eye , which he uses to his advantage in trial . Mr. Gilmer appeared to be racist in his harsh cross-examination of Tom Robinson , but it is hinted at that he is in fact going easy on Tom . He and Atticus are not rivals and talk to each other during recesses during the case . Dr. scott Reynolds ( edit ) Dr. Reynolds is the Maycomb doctor . He is well known to Scout and Jem . Scout says that he `` had brought Jem and me into the world , had led us through every childhood disease known to man including the time Jem fell out of the tree house , and he had never lost our friendship . Dr. Reynolds said that if we were boil - prone things would have been different ... '' . He inspects Jem 's broken arm and Scout 's minor bruises after the attack from Bob Ewell under the tree . Dolphus Raymond ( edit ) Dolphus Raymond is a white landowner who is jaded by the hypocrisy of the white society and prefers to live among black folks . In fact , he has children with a black woman . Dolphus pretends he is an alcoholic so that the people of Maycomb will have an excuse for his behavior , but in fact he only drinks Coca Cola out of a paper bag to try to hide it . When Dill and Scout discover that he is not a drunk , they are amazed . He shows Scout how sometimes you can pretend to be someone you 're not so people will be more understanding of you . Link Deas ( edit ) Link Deas owns cotton fields and a store in Maycomb who employs Tom and later Helen because she does not get accepted by any other employers in the county due to Tom Robinson 's legal troubles . He announces to the court ( in defense of Tom ) at one point in the trial that he had n't `` had a speck o ' trouble outta him '' in the eight years Tom had been working for him , and gets sent out by Judge John Taylor for doing so . When Bob Ewell starts threatening Helen after the trial , Mr. Deas fiercely defends her and threatens to have Mr. Ewell arrested if he keeps bothering her . He is on Tom Robinson 's side during the trial and remains loyal to the family afterward . Miss Caroline Fisher ( edit ) Miss Caroline Fisher is Scout 's first grade teacher and is new to Maycomb , Alabama and its ways . She attempts to teach the first grade class using a new system which she learned from taking certain college courses ( Jem mistakenly refers to it as the `` Dewey Decimal System '' , which is really how library books are organized . ) . She is upset by Scout 's advanced reading capabilities and believes that Scout is receiving lessons from Atticus . She feels as though Scout is trying to outsmart and mock her . In an effort to standardize the class , she forbids Scout from reading with her father . Atticus asks Scout to step into Miss Caroline 's skin . However , he continues to allow Scout to read with him at night so long as she continues to go to school . Miss Caroline has good intentions but proves quite incompetent as a teacher . When Scout tells Miss Fisher that she shamed a student ( Walter Cunningham , Jr . ) by giving him lunch money , she raps Scout 's palms with a ruler ( a punishment unheard of in Maycomb ) . She is also very sensitive and gets emotionally hurt quite easily , as seen when she cries after Burris Ewell yells at her , `` Report and be damned to ye ! Ai n't no snot - nosed slut of a schoolteacher ever born c'n make me do nothin ' ! You ai n't makin ' me go nowhere , missus . You just remember that , you ai n't makin ' me go nowhere ! '' After the Burris Ewell incident , Miss Caroline is seldom seen and soon forgotten . Reverend Sykes ( edit ) Reverend Sykes is the reverend of the First Purchase M.E. African Church in Maycomb County . This is the church Tom Robinson attended . Reverend Sykes forces the congregation to donate 10 dollars for Tom Robinson 's family since at the time , Tom 's wife , Helen , was having trouble finding work . During the trial , when the courtroom was too packed for the children to find seats , Reverend Sykes lets the kids sit with him up in the colored balcony and even saves their seats for them . Miss Stephanie Crawford ( edit ) Stephanie Crawford is the neighborhood gossip who claimed that she saw Boo Radley from her bedroom standing outside of her cleaned window one night . Crawford is one of the first on the scene after a loud gunshot is heard behind the Radley house . Because she is the neighborhood gossip , it is unwise to think of anything that she says as true , because most of the time it is not true at all . She is a friend of Alexandra Hancock . She lets Miss Maudie live with her when Miss Maudie 's house burns down , supposedly in order to steal Miss Maudie 's Lane cake recipe . She is thrilled to pass on gossip to the kids about Boo Radley . She claimed to have witnessed Bob Ewell 's threatening Atticus at the Post Office corner as she was returning from the local Jitney Jungle grocery store . In the film she takes the place of Rachel Haverford and is now Dill 's aunt . Miss Rachel Haverford ( edit ) Miss Rachel Haverford is Dill 's aunt and the Finches ' next door neighbor . She drank neat whiskey heavily after seeing a rattlesnake coiled in her closet , on her washing , when she hung her negligee up . Even though she can be very hard to deal with , she truly does love her nephew . Her family name , in the legends of Maycomb County , is synonymous with jackass . She is also a Southern Belle . In the film , she is not a character and Miss Stephanie takes her place as Dill 's aunt . Helen ( sophy ) Robinson ( edit ) Helen Robinson is the wife of Tom Robinson . She is spoken about many times . She has three children . Employed by Link Deas following the death of her husband , she is repeatedly harassed by Bob Ewell when traveling to work . Upon learning of this , Deas threatens Ewell , forcing him to stop . She is an example of how one person 's actions can have an effect on a lot of people and she elucidates the hardships that surround the Tom Robinson case . Nathan Radley ( edit ) Nathan Radley is the brother of Arthur `` Boo '' Radley and another difficult character to understand in To Kill a Mockingbird . When the children try to catch a view of `` Boo '' late one night through a window , he shoots over their heads with a shotgun ( albeit thinking he was aiming at a black person ) . Nathan also cements up the knothole in which Arthur leaves little gifts for the children . On the other hand , he helps Miss Maudie by saving some of her belongings when her house is on fire . He is more present than his brother , but equally mysterious . Jessie ( edit ) Jessie is Mrs. Dubose 's black nurse . She is the woman who shoos the children out when Mrs. Dubose has her fits , and she seems to care enormously for Mrs. Dubose . When Jem is forced to stay reading to Mrs. Dubose , Jessie kindly leads Jem and Scout to the door when Mrs. Dubose 's alarm goes off . The rumors about Mrs. Dubose concealing a gun about her person involves Jessie ; the book says `` and even if Mrs. Dubose missed , her girl Jessie would n't '' . Burris Ewell ( edit ) Burris Ewell is a son of Bob Ewell and a younger sibling of Mayella Ewell as well as the first antagonist of the novel . Burris is described as being chiefly antagonistic of Little Chuck Little and his teacher Miss Caroline Fisher . He comes to the first day of school , but departs just as everyone else in his family does . Burris is also poor . He has live lice in his hair . Burris also scared his teacher Caroline Fisher . He behaves rudely when she tells him to go home , wash his hair , and come back clean the next day . He refuses , and a student explains to Miss Caroline that Ewell children do n't attend school . All they do is show up for the first day , get marked down on the register , and then they miss the entire school year until the first day of the next year . His famous quote was , `` Report and be damned to ye ! Ai n't no snot - nosed slut of a schoolteacher ever born c'n make me do nothin ' ! You ai n't makin ' me go nowhere , missus . You just remember that , you ai n't makin ' me go nowhere ! '' As of Scout 's first year of school ( the first grade ) , Burris has repeated the first grade three times . Burris is also like his father and is very belligerent . Lula ( edit ) Lula is an African - American woman with a dislike for white people . She does n't like the idea of Calpurnia bringing Atticus Finch 's children , Jem and Scout , with her to church and tells her so but is overruled by the other congregants . According to James Zeebo , Calpurnia 's son , Lula 's said to be , `` a troublemaker from way back , with fancy ideas and haughty ways . '' She 's threatened with being `` churched '' ( subjected to church discipline ) by Reverend Sykes . Mrs. Grace Merriweather ( edit ) Mrs. Grace Merriweather is the producer of the play in which Scout plays as a ham . She tells Everett that `` the ladies of the South Maycomb Alabama Methodist Episcopal Church are behind him one hundred percent . '' She is mostly known for her devotion to the church and is widely held as the most devout lady in Maycomb ; however , like many of her peers , she is very hypocritical and loves to gossip with all the other women . Walter Cunningham , Jr ( edit ) Walter Cunningham , Jr is a child who is almost as old as Jem but is in Scout 's class . He is too poor to even pay off a 25 - cent debt because the Great Depression hit his poor family hard . Walter is not only too poor but also his family is too proud to take any money . He is invited over to the Finches ' house once , after engaging in a fight with Scout , where he covers up all of his dinner with molasses , much to Scout 's vocal dismay . This teaches Scout a lesson in humility and compassion . Walter Cunningham , Sr. ( edit ) Walter Cunningham , Sr. is Walter Cunningham Jr. 's father . He appears only twice , once at the beginning of the story when he has to pay off the debt to Atticus ( Walter Cunningham Sr. was his client ) by giving him firewood , vegetables and other supplies . He also leads the mob that comes to lynch Tom Robinson the night before the trial . Only when Scout talks to him about his son and how much he owes to Atticus does he reconsider and call off the mob . Scout innocently shames him because Scout reminds him of all the things that Atticus has done for him and for Maycomb County . After the verdict is given in the trial , Atticus tells Jem that one of the Cunninghams had changed his thoughts about Tom and pleaded that Tom was not guilty to the jury . Little Chuck Little ( edit ) Little Chuck Little is a student in Scout 's first grade class who has the mindset of an adult . His real name is Charles . He is depicted as chiefly antagonistic of Burris Ewell . He is presented in the novel when Miss Caroline is frightened by Burris ' lice . He warned Miss Caroline that if Burris was n't released from class , he might try something that would put their classmates at risk . When Burris starts advancing on Little Chuck after his warning / veiled insult , Little Chuck 's hand moved to his pocket ( implying that he was going to pull out a knife ) while saying , `` Watch your step , Burris . I 'd soon 's kill you as look at you . Now go home . '' Scared by Little Chuck 's bravery and his implied knife , Burris retreats . From this we see , through the narrative view of Scout , his gentlemanly attitude and how it calms Miss Caroline down . Little Chuck may be even more intelligent than originally meets the eye , as he easily could have been bluffing about the aforementioned implied knife to scare Burris into retreating . Mr. Dick Avery ( edit ) Mr. Dick Avery is an overweight neighbor who tells Jem and Scout that dramatic changes in the weather are caused by disobedient and misbehaving children . After it snows , they build a snowman that resembles him . Mr. Avery can also be seen in the story pushing a mattress out of a window when Miss Maudie 's house catches fire . The kids , including Jem and Scout , always waited for him to do something interesting . For instance , Jem claims that one night he urinated from his front porch in an impressive arc . Miss Gates ( edit ) Miss Gates is a third grade teacher at Scout 's school who insists that America is n't prejudiced like Hitler 's Germany . Despite this , Scout has heard her say that the blacks need to be taught a lesson after Tom 's trial . Eula May ( edit ) Eula May is Maycomb 's most prominent telephone operator . She sends out public announcements , invitations , and activates the fire alarm . She announced the closing of schools when it snowed and announced the rabid dog that entered Maycomb . Also , Eula May knows everybody in the town because of her unique job . Cecil Jacobs ( edit ) Cecil Jacobs teases Scout and Jem at school . Scout almost gets into a fight with Cecil over the trial of Tom Robinson . Scout beats up Cecil Jacobs because he says Atticus is a `` Nigger Lover . '' He gives a current event on Adolf Hitler and later frightens Scout and Jem on their way to the Halloween pageant . He and Scout then pair up at the carnival . At the Halloween pageant afterwards , Cecil was a cow . He hints that black people are not as good as white people while talking about Hitler during current events . He also tends to take jokes too far . However importantly he shows how prejudice is passed on from parent to child . Tim Johnson ( edit ) Tim Johnson is a dog belonging to Harry Johnson ( a character in the book who is mentioned once but is never seen ) . He is infected by rabies in chapter 10 and goes mad , putting everyone in the town at risk . Atticus is forced to shoot Tim Johnson before he reaches the Radley House or attacks anyone . When Atticus shoots the dog , his excellent marksmanship is revealed to Scout and Jem ( his nickname used to be One - Shot Finch ) . The dog 's body is collected by Zeebo . Simon Finch ( edit ) Simon Finch is the founder of Finch 's Landing . He is referred to in the first chapter of the book , being a direct ancestor of Atticus . He is a Cornish Methodist , and emigrated from England to avoid religious persecution , landing in Philadelphia before settling in Alabama . He was married , with one son , six daughters . He is also an apothecary . Maxwell Green ( edit ) Maxwell Green is the new lawyer in town . He is normally the judicially - assigned defense attorney but Judge Taylor assigned Tom Robinson 's case to Atticus to give Tom Robinson a better chance . Mr. X Billups ( edit ) Mr. X Billups who is seen only once in the book , going to the trial , is described as a `` funny man '' . X is his name , and not his initial . He was asked repeated times what his name was until he signed it . X was the name he had been given when he was born because his parents marked his birth certificate with an X instead of a name . The Barber sisters ( Miss `` Tutti '' and Miss `` Frutti '' ) ( edit ) The Barber Sisters ( Miss Sarah , nicknamed `` Tutti '' and Miss Frances , nicknamed `` Frutti '' ) are maiden sisters who live in the only house in Maycomb with a cellar . They were originally from Clanton , Alabama ; and are rumored to be Republicans . Besides their Yankee ways , both sisters are deaf ( Tutti completely deaf ; Frutti uses an ear trumpet ) , and had a Halloween prank pulled on them by some `` wicked '' schoolchildren ( Scout claims she was not included ) who put all of their furniture in their cellar . Mrs. gertrude Farrow ( edit ) Mrs. Farrow is a lady in the missionary society who visits the Finch house occasionally . Mr. Conner ( edit ) Mr. Conner is mentioned early on in the book . He was locked in an outhouse by `` Boo '' Radley and his friends . After taking the teenagers to court , Mr. Conner accused them of `` disorderly conduct , disturbing the peace , assault and battery , and using abusive and profane language in the presence and hearing of a female . '' He added the last charge after claiming that the teens had `` cussed so loud he was sure every lady in Maycomb heard them . '' Zeebo ( edit ) Zeebo is Calpurnia 's eldest son . He is one of just four people in First Purchase Church who can read , so he is the vocal leader , leading hymns in the Negro First Purchase Church by `` lining , '' reading a line of verse and having the congregation repeat it . Calpurnia taught Zeebo how to read . He is also the garbage man of Maycomb , and took away the dead rabid dog , Tim Johnson . When a fellow church member , a woman named Lula , tries to make the children feel bad for attending church with his mother , Zeebo welcomes Scout and Jem with open arms . He is kind but very quiet . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` What Kids Are Reading : The Book Reading Habits of Students in American Schools '' , Renaissance Learning , Inc. , 2008 . Retrieved on July 11 , 2008 . See also `` What Kids Are Reading : The Book Reading Habits of Students in American Schools Archived 2012 - 03 - 14 at the Wayback Machine. , Renaissance Learning , Inc. 2010 . Retrieved on May 1 , 2011 . where To Kill a Mockingbird appears at number 2 . Jump up ^ `` To Kill A Mockingbird Guide at studentshare.net ; Release Year : 2017 '' . Jump up ^ `` Edmond Public Schools - Edmond Public Schools '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2015 - 02 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` Arthur Radley ( Boo ) in To Kill a Mockingbird '' . Jump up ^ Lee , Harper ( 1960 ) . To Kill a Mockingbird . United States of America : Warner Books . p. 81 . ( hide ) Harper Lee 's To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1960 ) Characters Atticus Finch Film To Kill a Mockingbird Prequel Go Set a Watchman Other To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture Broken Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_To_Kill_a_Mockingbird_characters&oldid=819375607 '' Categories : To Kill a Mockingbird Fictional characters from Alabama Lists of literary characters Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 9 January 2018 , at 01 : 10 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

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