Flash vs. Arrow - wikipedia Flash vs. Arrow Jump to : navigation , search `` Flash vs. Arrow '' Arrowverse crossover event Promotional poster for `` Flash vs. Arrow '' Also known as `` The Bolt. or The Bow . '' Episode nos . The Flash ( part 1 ) Season 1 , Episode 8 Arrow ( part 2 ) Season 3 , Episode 8 Directed by Glen Winter ( Flash ) Jesse Warn ( Arrow ) Story by Greg Berlanti Andrew Kreisberg Teleplay by Ben Sokolowski ( Flash ) Brooke Eikmeier ( Flash ) Marc Guggenheim ( Arrow ) Grainne Godfree ( Arrow ) Production codes 3J5358 ( Flash ) 3J5158 ( Arrow ) Original air dates December 2 , 2014 ( 2014 - 12 - 02 ) ( Flash ) December 3 , 2014 ( 2014 - 12 - 03 ) ( Arrow ) Episode chronology The Flash ← Previous `` Power Outage '' Next → `` The Man in the Yellow Suit '' List of The Flash episodes Arrow ← Previous `` Draw Back Your Bow '' Next → `` The Climb '' List of Arrow episodes Followed by `` Heroes Join Forces '' `` Flash vs. Arrow '' is the first annual Arrowverse crossover event , broadcast on The CW , featuring episodes of the Arrowverse television series The Flash and Arrow . The event began on December 2 , 2014 , with The Flash episode `` Flash vs. Arrow '' and concluded the next day with the Arrow episode `` The Brave and The Bold '' . The crossover sees Team Flash ( Barry Allen / Flash , Caitlin Snow , and Cisco Ramon ) helping Team Arrow ( Oliver Queen / Arrow , Felicity Smoak , and John Diggle ) take on the boomerang - wielding villain Captain Boomerang , while Team Arrow helps Team Flash confront the metahuman Roy Bivolo . A crossover between the two series was announced in July 2014 , after Barry Allen had been introduced in Arrow 's second season ahead of the debut of The Flash . By the following September , the scripts for each episode had been written , with filming occurring shortly before the end of the month and into October 2014 . The crossover sees every main cast member of each series who appear at least in their own series , with additional actors and characters also reprising their Arrowverse roles . The episodes received positive reviews , with critics calling the crossover fun , and everything fans could have wanted and more . Critics praised the producers for bringing the two series together while keeping the episodes as self - contained adventures , and highlighted the fight scene between the Flash and Arrow as living up to the hype . Ratings for the episodes were exceptional , with both being the highest watched episodes of each show since their respective series premieres . A subsequent crossover occurred the following year titled `` Heroes Join Forces '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast and characters 2.1 Main 2.2 Guest 2.2. 1 The Flash 2.2. 2 Arrow 3 Production 3.1 Development 3.2 Writing 3.3 Filming 4 Music 5 Release 5.1 Broadcast 5.2 Home media 6 Reception 6.1 Ratings 6.2 Critical response 6.2. 1 The Flash 6.2. 2 Arrow 6.3 Accolades 7 Additional crossovers 8 References 9 External links Plot ( edit ) Roy Bivolo , a new metahuman with the ability to send people into an uncontrollable rage , uses his ability to rob the Central City bank . Police officer Eddie Thawne proposes to capture the Flash because he was at the crime scene , but is rejected by the captain . The police track Bivolo to a warehouse , where he uses his abilities on a cop to facilitate his escape . Barry Allen arrives in time to save Joe West , but is almost injured himself before Oliver Queen , as the `` Arrow '' , arrives to stop the cop . Later , Oliver informs Barry that he and his team are in Central City tracking a killer who uses lethal boomerangs . Barry suggests that they team - up to catch each other 's targets and Oliver reluctantly agrees . Oliver tries to teach Barry to be more mindful of his surroundings , but Barry decides to go after Bivolo by himself . Bivolo uses his abilities on Barry ; but because of Barry 's powers it makes the effects last longer . Meanwhile , Eddie continues to persuade his superiors to form a task force to hunt down the Flash , expressing his zero tolerance for vigilantes . When an enraged and jealous Barry , as Flash , makes an attempt on Eddie , Oliver tries to stop Barry , and the two engage in a fight . Oliver manages to wrangle Barry long enough for Harrison Wells and Joe to use colored strobe light to reset Barry 's emotional state . Afterward , Barry and Oliver capture Bivolo and place him in the prison at S.T.A.R. Labs . Due to the incident , Eddie gets the grounds to form a police task force to arrest the Flash . Barry confirms Oliver 's belief that the former has a lot to learn . Oliver advises him to stay away from Iris West , with whom Barry is in love , because men with secret identities never get the girl . Oliver asks Team Flash to keep his alter ego a secret . A new metahuman able to manipulate fire appears in Central City . In a flashback set in Hong Kong , Oliver learns how to torture suspects effectively to obtain information . In the present , Oliver and Roy Harper locate the home of Digger Harkness , the boomerang - wielding murderer , where they find A.R.G.U.S. operatives looking for him as well . Caitlin Snow and Cisco Ramon arrive in Starling City to help Felicity Smoak investigate Sara Lance 's death . Digger attempts to kill Lyla Michaels , Roy , and Oliver , but Barry arrives and stops him . Later , Lyla reveals Digger was part of the Suicide Squad . When Oliver uses extreme interrogation methods against a Russian mob member in order to locate Digger , Barry questions how emotionally stable Oliver is . Digger locates Oliver 's hideout and wounds Lyla before escaping . In order to leave town , Digger plants five bombs around the city . While Oliver captures Digger , Barry uses both of their teams to defuse the bombs simultaneously . Digger is incarcerated on the island with Slade Wilson . Before Barry and his team 's departure , he and Oliver decide to have a friendly duel . Cast and characters ( edit ) Further information : List of The Flash characters and List of Arrow characters Main ( edit ) Actor Character Episode The Flash Arrow Grant Gustin Barry Allen / Flash Main Guest Candice Patton Iris West Main Does not appear Danielle Panabaker Caitlin Snow Main Guest Rick Cosnett Eddie Thawne Main Does not appear Carlos Valdes Cisco Ramon Main Guest Tom Cavanagh Harrison Wells Main Does not appear Jesse L. Martin Joe West Main Does not appear Stephen Amell Oliver Queen / Arrow Guest Main David Ramsey John Diggle Guest Main Emily Bett Rickards Felicity Smoak Guest Main Katie Cassidy Laurel Lance Does not appear Main Willa Holland Thea Queen Does not appear Main Colton Haynes Roy Harper / Arsenal Does not appear Main John Barrowman Malcolm Merlyn Does not appear Main Paul Blackthorne Quentin Lance Does not appear Main Guest ( edit ) The Flash ( edit ) Paul Anthony as Roy Bivolo / Rainbow Raider Anna Hopkins as Samantha Clayton Patrick Sabongui as David Singh Robbie Amell as Ronnie Raymond / Firestorm Arrow ( edit ) Audrey Marie Anderson as Lyla Michaels Cynthia Addai - Robinson as Amanda Waller Nick E. Tarabay as Digger Harkness / Captain Boomerang Production ( edit ) Development ( edit ) The first indication of potential crossover events in the Arrowverse occurred on The CW during the 2013 -- 14 television season , when Barry Allen was introduced in the eighth episode of Arrow 's second season ahead of the debut of The Flash . In July 2014 , it was announced that the eighth episodes of the third season of Arrow and the first season of The Flash would be a two - hour crossover event . The crossover was originally planned as the seventh episodes of each series , but was pushed back due to the large amount of work needed to accomplish it . In particular , the schedule coordination of trying to `` jam another episode into the 23 - episode schedule for each of ( the ) shows . '' Marc Guggenheim , creator and executive producer on Arrow , explained that there was `` no financially responsible '' way of executing the crossover , with budgets being blown , long hours and the actors having to film scenes from both series on the same day . Andrew Kreisberg , creator and executive producer on both series , said , `` It 's really going to be an adventure with the Arrow and Flash on both episodes . Watching the two teams come together and fight alongside each other , it 's one of the most fun parts , ... we just do n't believe in waiting . We really believe in accelerated storytelling . '' Kreisberg explained that since they are all comic book fans themselves , they have all debated the age - old question of which superhero would win in a fight ; `` So , the idea that ( the Flash and Arrow ) would fight each other in one of these episodes was one of our earliest ideas , and that the cast members would have that Comic - Con argument on camera was one of our earliest ideas . '' Greg Berlanti , creator and executive producer on both series , explained that `` crossovers are part of ( the characters ' ) DNA , ... and if we waited ... , then we would be depriving the audience of something we all wanted to see '' . In October 2014 , Kreisberg described the episodes as very important to both Barry and Oliver and what they are going thorough , while also promising `` one of the biggest surprises for Arrow of all time in The Flash episode '' . Guggenheim added , `` It 's like the bomb underneath the table , and I think part of the fun is waiting to see when Oliver is going to learn what the audience learns on Flash . '' It was later announced that another secret would be revealed in the final moments of The Flash episode that will help `` introduce the next phase of The Flash in a big way '' . In the episode , Oliver runs into an ex-girlfriend , last seen pregnant with his child in season two of Arrow and had been told by Oliver 's mother Moira to tell him that she 'd lost the baby and disappear . It is revealed to the viewers that she has a child and it 's presumed to be Oliver 's . After the airing of the episode , Guggenheim confirmed that indeed it was Oliver 's child . At the end of the episode , Robbie Amell , who played Ronnie Raymond -- Caitlin 's former fiancée presumed dead after the particle accelerator explosion -- appears as Firestorm using his powers . Writing ( edit ) The scripts for the `` Flash vs. Arrow '' crossover were written in mid-September 2014 , with Berlanti and Kreisberg creating the story for the two episodes . Berlanti drew inspiration from science fiction action television series The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman for the story , while Kreisberg took his cues from the final episode of the fourth series of Doctor Who , titled `` Journey 's End '' , a crossover featuring the characters of spin - off shows Torchwood and The Sarah Jane Adventures . The teleplay for The Flash was written by Ben Sokolowski and Brooke Eikmeier , with Arrow 's written by executive producers Guggenheim and Grainne Godfree . In late September 2014 , Guggenheim revealed that the Arrow episode would be titled `` The Brave and The Bold '' , a reference to a title shared by many comic book series published by DC Comics which feature super-hero team - ups , including the Flash and Green Arrow . Guggenheim said : I 've never had so much fun writing a script before ( . ) ... It was such a blast to work on ... I keep telling everyone that we should try for Avengers . It 's these two heroes together with a big production value ... There 's the opportunity for inside jokes , and seeing all of the characters together . What happens when Cisco gets his eyes on Thea ? There are moments like that , that you just ca n't do in a normal episode ... It 's just so much fun . In October 2014 , the title of The Flash episode was announced as `` Flash vs. Arrow '' . Kreisberg revealed that the writers ' rooms for both shows were merged while working on the scripts for the episodes , similar to `` throwing two casts together '' . Filming ( edit ) Filming of the two episodes occurred from September 24 , 2014 , until October 8 , 2014 . The Flash 's episode was directed by Glen Winter , and Arrow 's by Jesse Warn . The fight scene between the Flash and Arrow in The Flash episode was shot over three nights . Because this was the first time Stephen Amell 's character fought someone with superpowers , he had to change the way he performed stunts to accommodate the special effects . Comparing the filming of both series , Grant Gustin described The Flash shooting as `` really tedious , '' working with `` a lot of plate shots that are empty shots of the area we are going to be in '' and later added in post-production , as opposed to Arrow where `` they shoot it from the perfect angles and what you see is what you get '' . Gustin also recalled at times it got confusing on set because they were shooting both episodes at the same time . Music ( edit ) The Flash vs. Arrow ( Music Selections from the Epic 2 - Night Event ) Soundtrack album by Blake Neely Released December 18 , 2014 ( 2014 - 12 - 18 ) Recorded 2014 Genre Soundtrack Length 49 : 57 Label WaterTower Music Producer Blake Neely Arrowverse soundtrack chronology Arrow : Season 2 ( 2014 ) String Module Error : Match not found2014 The Flash vs. Arrow ( 2014 ) The Flash : Season 1 ( 2014 ) The Flash : Season 1 2014 Professional ratings Review scores Source Rating Soundtrack Geek On December 18 , 2014 , WaterTower Music released a selection of music from The Flash / Arrow crossover episodes , as well as two bonus tracks from their respective 2014 mid-season finales . Discussing the challenge of merging the themes of both shows into a cohesive score , composer Blake Neely noted that `` It was n't difficult because I originally designed the two shows to have styles and sounds that could merge and live together when necessary , but also hopefully stand alone as two distinct music worlds . '' The two bonus tracks were included on the album because `` they proved very popular with the fans of the special event '' . Neely said , `` As we were coming to completion and ( the album ) was about to go , I got all these tweets about these two pieces that people were loving , ( and ) I just had this idea , let 's throw them on as bonus tracks ... The fans asked for it and they got it . '' All music composed by Blake Neely . Track listing No . Title Length 1 . `` Rainbow Raider Strikes '' 2 : 24 2 . `` Do n't Get Involved '' 0 : 41 3 . `` Team Arrow in Central City '' 2 : 30 4 . `` Training Barry '' 1 : 55 5 . `` What 's Up , Doc '' 2 : 21 6 . `` Barry Gets Whammied '' 3 : 05 7 . `` The Flash vs. Arrow '' 5 : 06 8 . `` S.T.A.R. Labs Thanks Oliver '' 1 : 51 9 . `` Firestorm Appears '' 0 : 52 10 . `` Looking for Boomerang '' 2 : 36 11 . `` Like a Kid in a Candy Store '' 1 : 26 12 . `` Boomerang in A.R.G.U.S. '' 4 : 00 13 . `` Teaming Up '' 1 : 50 14 . `` Torture Tactics '' 2 : 16 15 . `` Hope for Saving People Like Us '' 1 : 44 16 . `` Light Inside You '' 2 : 28 17 . `` Disarming the Bombs '' 3 : 54 18 . `` Gift Exchange '' 1 : 30 19 . `` The Brave and the Bold '' 1 : 44 20 . `` The Man in the Yellow Suit '' ( Bonus Track ) 2 : 15 21 . `` The Climb '' ( Bonus Track ) 3 : 29 Total length : 49 : 57 Release ( edit ) Broadcast ( edit ) The `` Flash vs. Arrow '' crossover episodes were shown at an exclusive fan screening at the Crest Theatre in Westwood , Los Angeles on November 22 , 2014 . Afterwards , Amell , Gustin , David Ramsey , Emily Bett Rickards , Danielle Panabaker and Carlos Valdes were joined by executive producers Berlanti , Kreisberg and Guggenheim for a Q&A panel . The first part of the crossover , The Flash , was broadcast on December 2 , 2014 , followed by part two on Arrow on December 3 , both on The CW . The crossover was simulcast with the US broadcast in Canada on CTV . It first aired in the United Kingdom on Channel 5 on December 16 and December 18 , 2014 . In Australia , the episodes aired back - to - back on January 28 , 2015 , on Fox8 , after Nine Network , which broadcasts Arrow , allowed Fox8 to air the Arrow episode of the crossover . Home media ( edit ) The episodes , along with the rest of The Flash 's first season and Arrow 's third season , were released separately on Blu - ray and DVD on September 22 , 2015 . Bonus features include behind - the - scenes featurettes , audio commentary , deleted scenes , and a blooper reel . The episodes became available for streaming on Netflix on October 6 and October 7 , 2015 , respectively . Reception ( edit ) Ratings ( edit ) Series Episode Air date Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) Viewers ( millions ) DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) DVR viewers ( millions ) Total ( 18 -- 49 ) Total viewers ( millions ) The Flash `` Flash vs. Arrow '' 000000002014 - 12 - 02 - 0000 December 2 , 2014 1.6 / 5 4.34 1.0 2.31 2.6 6.65 Arrow `` The Brave and the Bold '' 000000002014 - 12 - 03 - 0000 December 3 , 2014 1.4 / 4 3.92 N / A N / A N / A N / A The Flash episode had the second - highest number of viewers following the series premiere on October 7 , 2014 , and the highest 18 - 49 rating since the second episode . Viewership rose 22 % and the 18 - 49 rating by 14 % , over the previous episode , `` Power Outage '' . The Arrow episode was the most viewed of season three , and had the show 's largest audience since the series ' premiere on October 10 , 2012 , and a series high 18 -- 49 rating . Its viewership grew by 46 % and its 18 - 49 rating by 56 % over the previous episode , `` Draw Back Your Bow '' , and helped contribute to the most watched Wednesday on The CW in more than two years . The Canadian broadcast of The Flash was watched by 2.45 million viewers , earning the highest viewership for the week . The Arrow broadcast had 2.22 million viewers , the second highest for that day , and the fourth highest for the week . In the United Kingdom , the episodes had 1.5 million viewers and 980,000 viewers , respectively . The time shifted versions attracted a total of 1.63 million and 1.26 million viewers , respectively . After the crossover aired , both shows saw increases to their ratings compared to their respective episodes before the crossover . The Flash `` surprising ( ly ) '' dipped a mere 6 % in the 18 -- 49 rating and rose 4 % in total viewers , from the crossover episode , on `` a heavily competitive night '' for its most watched episode since its series premiere . The following Arrow episode dropped by 29 % in the 18 -- 49 rating , from the crossover episode . However , compared to its episode before the crossover , Arrow rose in the 18 -- 49 rating , tying its second best rating of the season , behind only the crossover episode with The Flash . Critical response ( edit ) After the first Arrow / Flash crossover , Brian Lowry of Variety applauded the producers for replicating the success of Arrow , but with `` a lighter tone , '' and `` a hero with genuine super powers '' in The Flash . He noted while the crossover `` does a nifty job of bringing the two series together '' it was unlikely `` to boost the shared audience between them much more than already exists '' . Meredith Borders of Birth. Movies. Death called the crossover episodes `` fun , '' noting that ... `` plenty of show - specific plot stuff was advanced without spelling it out for newbies . New viewers to either show could follow along and have a good time , but veteran viewers were rewarded with major storyline motion . '' Chancellor Agard , of Entertainment Weekly felt `` the ' Flarrow ' '' crossover event was an overall success . Both episodes `` put Team Flash in new situations and it was thrilling to watch how they reacted '' . Agard felt that while Arrow had `` some great and comedic character moments for Team Arrow '' none of its stories were advanced so that the episodes `` felt like pause buttons '' in its action . The Flash ( edit ) Jesse Schedeen of IGN gave The Flash episode a 7.8 out of 10 . He said the `` Flash vs. Arrow '' episode was `` fun '' with its focus `` on the sheer entertainment value in seeing these two heroes and their allies cross paths '' ... and `` to see the relationship between Barry and Ollie continue to evolve '' . As `` a largely standalone episode '' its scope was limited resulting `` in yet another underdeveloped villain . '' Scott Von Doviak writing for The A.V. Club awarded the episode an `` A - '' , calling it `` a satisfying showdown '' that `` actually stands on its own as a mostly self - contained hour of The Flash '' . Von Doviak complimented writers Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg , and director Glen Winter , for tackling the `` clashing tones of the two shows '' and the different personalities of their main characters , and `` weaving ... ( them ) ... into the fabric of the episode '' . He also highlighted the fight scene between the Flash and Arrow , saying `` It 's a well - choreographed battle , with each hero appearing to have the upper hand at various points and clever bits of one - upmanship . '' Collider.com 's Dave Trumbore gave The Flash episode an `` A - '' , saying , it was `` fun '' seeing the characters together . He noted that the episode pointed out the many challenges Barry Allen `` faces as a young up - and - coming crimefighter '' . He felt that Arrow 's `` knocks '' made the point that `` Barry 's superpowers are an amazing gift ... he must hone and perfect to become a truly heroic character . '' Trumbore also `` loved how Arrow 's attention to detail and commitment to bettering himself through training clashed with Flash 's carefree style and almost lazy attitude when it came to beating up baddies '' . Agard 's expectations for the episode were `` not disappointed '' . He felt it delivered `` on both the action front '' with its impeccable , `` epic '' fight scene , and `` on the character front '' . While the viewer can enjoy the interaction between the teams everything that happens in the episode pushes `` this The Flash 's stories forward '' . Eric Walters of Paste awarded The Flash episode a 9.0 out of 10 , stating , `` '' Flash vs. Arrow '' was everything a fan could have wanted from a crossover event , '' noting it was `` tight , well - paced , superbly written and , most importantly , fun ... '' . Caroline Preece of Den of Geek also praised the episode , saying that it `` was pretty much everything fans wanted and more '' . She noted this episode demonstrated how comic book ideas `` can translate to the small screen if done with this much care , joy and enthusiasm '' . Given the `` hype '' she admired , and was `` surprised '' by the fact that even `` with a little added Oliver , Felicity and Diggle thrown in , '' the crossover was not the focus of the whole episode . Arrow ( edit ) Giving the episode a 9.2 out of 10 , Schedeen stated it was a `` blast to watch '' and was `` a more cohesive and satisfying episode than the first '' . Noting that the crossover `` wasted some of its potential by delivering two mostly standalone episodes , '' the Arrow episode was `` more consistently entertaining and satisfying than the first '' . He enjoyed Captain Boomerang suggesting he could be the `` most memorable villain to debut this season '' . Schedeen enjoyed the teams continuing to cross paths , the drama between Barry and Ollie , and `` the balance between light and dark ( the crossover ) needed '' . Alasdair Wilkins of The A.V. Club gave the episode an `` A - '' , saying it `` ... can just cut loose and have some ( ' effortless ' ) fun for an hour , '' noting that Barry `` is one of the only characters able to call Oliver out on his more mopey strains of bullshit '' . He felt it was `` fitting '' the episode `` shared the name -- '' The Brave And The Bold `` -- with DC Comics ' long - running team - up comic '' . The Flash is `` the brave one '' , who `` inspires with his courage '' though his `` simplistic sense of right and wrong '' can lead him to overlook `` the darker side of what they do '' . Oliver is `` the bold one '' , `` willing to do whatever it takes to see justice served '' . Trumbore felt the episode of Arrow closed out the crossover `` in spectacular fashion '' and gave it an `` A '' . He noted that `` both heroes channel their respective cities into their character '' . Barry Allen 's approach to crimefighting is effervescent and `` carefree '' reflecting `` Central City 's cutting - edge technology '' and `` squeaky - clean streets '' . `` Queen 's Starling City '' with its `` ruthless underworld '' is `` much like the personality of the masked crimefighter himself '' . He felt the writing was clever in that it allowed the characters to `` clash at times , but also ... allow ( ed ) them to come together in pursuit of a common goal '' . However , Agard felt Arrow `` was a decent enough episode '' , but not `` as good as the first '' . `` ' The Brave and the Bold ' ... felt ... like a crossover episode ... servic ( ing ) Oliver 's identity issues and character development . '' Agrad felt that `` Cisco fanboying all over the place '' is `` fun '' and Captain Boomerang is a `` most formidable and compelling opponent '' because he uses strategy and plans multiple steps ahead `` . Mark Rozeman at Paste , gave the Arrow episode a 9.3 out of 10 , saying , the episode `` not only equals its brother episode but , in some ways , manages to surpass it '' . He saw it as season 's `` strongest '' Arrow episode , and `` a great conclusion to the very successful Arrow / The Flash crossover '' where in an `` emotionally charged hour ... all the elements come together with remarkable dexterity '' . He felt the shows ' creative teams should be `` applauded '' for avoiding a `` half - assed bid for ratings '' instead turning the crossover `` into something that brought out the best of each show '' . Rozeman argued that if `` Flash vs. Arrow '' proves that The Flash can stand on its own , then `` The Brave and the Bold '' is `` a great demonstration that Arrow has some fire in it yet . '' Den of Geek 's Mike Cecchini said the episode is `` a remarkably self - contained adventure '' . Noting that both episodes worked well as standalones , `` Flash vs. Arrow '' was `` very clearly an episode '' of The Flash and `` The Brave and The Bold '' is `` absolutely an Arrow episode ... handily the best installment of Arrow season three so far '' . He felt the cinematic scoring was `` great '' giving the episode 4.5 stars out of 5 . Accolades ( edit ) TVLine named the `` Flash vs. Arrow '' crossover the 9th biggest television moment of 2014 saying , `` There are crossovers . And there are superhero shows . But never in recent TV memory have two live - action costumed crimefighters clashed in super fashion ( albeit under extenuating circumstances ) . The Flash 's smooth moves versus Arrow 's strength and stratagem made for a thrilling tango that lived up to the hype . '' IGN ranked the showdown between the Flash and Arrow in The Flash episode as one of the best television fight scenes of 2014 . ScreenRant named both `` Flash vs. Arrow '' and `` The Brave and the Bold '' as one of the best television episodes of 2014 . Blastr and Zap2it also named The Flash episode `` Flash vs. Arrow '' one of the best television episodes of 2014 . Additional crossovers ( edit ) Further information : Arrowverse § Crossovers In January 2015 , The CW President Mark Pedowitz stated their intention to have an Arrowverse crossover every season . In the 2015 -- 16 television season , a two - part event titled `` Heroes Join Forces '' between the eighth episodes of the fourth season of Arrow , and the second season of The Flash , was used to set up the new team - up series Legends of Tomorrow . For the 2016 -- 17 television season , The Flash , Arrow and Legends of Tomorrow crossed over in an event titled `` Invasion ! '' that saw the inclusion of the title character of CBS ' Supergirl , after that series moved to The CW for its second season . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Lash , Jolie ( November 30 , 2014 ) . `` ' The Flash ' & ' Arrow ' Casts Preview Two - Night Crossover Event '' . Access Hollywood . Archived from the original on March 15 , 2017 . Retrieved December 9 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Garofalo , Alex ( December 2 , 2014 ) . `` ' The Flash ' Season 1 Spoilers : ' Arrow ' Crossover Begins In Episode 8 ; What Happened In ' Flash Vs. Arrow ' ? ( RECAP ) '' . International Business Times . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 9 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Carp , Jess ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` Arrow Season 3 , Episode 8 Watch : DCU Connections And Easter Eggs '' . Cinema Blend . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Wickline , Dan ( November 13 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash And Arrow Crossover Includes An Unexpected Villain '' . Bleeding Cool . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( December 2 , 2014 ) . `` ' The Flash ' drops a big ' Arrow ' bombshell '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved November 30 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Hayner , Chris E. ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` Firestorm brings ' Flash vs. Arrow ' to an epic conclusion '' . Zap2it . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( September 16 , 2014 ) . `` ' Arrow ' casts ' Spartacus ' actor as Captain Boomerang '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved September 16 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Abrams , Natalie ( May 19 , 2016 ) . `` The CW announces four - way crossover with Arrow , The Flash , Legends of Tomorrow , Supergirl '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved May 19 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Chitwood , Adam ( July 18 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash / Arrow Crossover Episode Planned on The CW '' . Collider.com . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved November 12 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Radish , Christina ( November 23 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash vs. Arrow Crossover Interview ; Cast and Crew Talk The Two Night Event '' . Collider.com . Archived from the original on May 14 , 2016 . Retrieved March 10 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Holbrook , Damian ( December 2 , 2014 ) . `` On the Set : The Flash and Arrow Face Off In an Epic Superhero Crossover '' . TV Guide . Archived from the original on March 22 , 2017 . Retrieved March 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Snetiker , Marc ( July 22 , 2014 ) . `` ' Arrow ' EP on season 3 Big Bad , ' Flash ' crossover episode '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 10 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Ge , Linda ( October 6 , 2014 ) . `` ' The Flash ' Stars , Showrunners Talk Origins , Villains and the Big ' Arrow ' Crossover '' . TheWrap . Archived from the original on March 13 , 2017 . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Roffman , Marisa ( November 23 , 2014 ) . `` ' Arrow , ' ' Flash ' Cast , Creators Preview Epic Crossover '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on March 13 , 2017 . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Ge , Linda ( November 23 , 2014 ) . `` 5 Things We Learned From ' Arrow ' - ' The Flash ' Crossover Screening '' . TheWrap . Archived from the original on March 13 , 2017 . Retrieved March 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( December 2 , 2014 ) . `` ' The Flash ' drops a big ' Arrow ' bombshell '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on March 21 , 2017 . Retrieved March 21 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` ( # 108 ) `` Flash vs. Arrow '' `` . The Futon Critic . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 10 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Marc Guggenheim ( @ mguggenheim ) ( September 27 , 2014 ) . `` Arrow - half of epic Arrow / Flash crossover begins filming today ! Co-written by @ godfreestories Directed by : @ JesseWarn ow.ly/i/71YaG '' ( Tweet ) . Archived from the original on March 3 , 2016 . Retrieved December 10 , 2016 -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ Thomas , Jeremy ( September 28 , 2014 ) . `` Title For Arrow / The Flash Crossover Episode Revealed '' . 411MANIA . Retrieved March 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Radish , Christina ( October 4 , 2014 ) . `` Marc Guggenheim Talks Arrow Season 3 Details , the Flash crossover , and More '' . Collider.com . Archived from the original on October 2 , 2015 . Retrieved December 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Grant Gustin ( @ grantgust ) ( September 24 , 2014 ) . `` We 're shooting some awesome crossover episodes this week and next . ( I do n't know who made this but ... instagram.com/p/tVl-nxgVPZ/ '' ( Tweet ) . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 10 , 2016 -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ Goldman , Eric ( October 19 , 2014 ) . `` Stephen Amell and Grant Gustin Tease The Flash / Arrow Crossover and Their Big Fight '' . IGN . Archived from the original on March 24 , 2016 . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Tillnes , Jørn ( January 6 , 2015 ) . `` Soundtrack Review : The Flash Vs. Arrow '' . Soundtrack Geek . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2015 . Retrieved December 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The Flash vs. Arrow : Music Selections from the Epic 2 - Night Event '' . WaterTower Music . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 19 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Beedle , Tim ( November 17 , 2015 ) . `` Music and Metahumans : An Interview with Flash and Arrow Composer Blake Neely '' . DC Comics . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Frederick , Brittany ( December 22 , 2014 ) . `` Blake Neely 's ' Flash vs. Arrow ' score hits iTunes for the holidays '' . AXS.com . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The Flash vs. Arrow ( Music Selections from the Epic 2 - Night Event ) '' . iTunes . December 18 , 2014 . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved October 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The Flash VS Arrow Exclusive Fan Screening '' . Crest Westwood . November 24 , 2014 . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved December 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The Flash & Arrow Crossover Screening Event Sweepstakes -- Official Rules '' . The CW . November 14 , 2014 . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved December 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Dickson , Evan ( November 26 , 2014 ) . `` Flash vs. Arrow Trailer Brings CW 's Superheroes Together '' . Collider.com . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Sheri , Jeff ( November 28 , 2014 ) . `` Superhero Showdown : ' The Flash ' and ' Arrow ' battle it out in two - part crossover '' . CTV Television Network . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved December 10 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Weekly Top 30 '' . Broadcasters ' Audience Research Board . Retrieved February 20 , 2015 . Note : The ratings must be searched for ( 15 - 21 Dec. 2014 ) . Jump up ^ Knox , David ( December 10 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash / Arrow crossover set for FOX8 premiere '' . TV Tonight . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved March 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Flash : Season 1 '' . TVShowsOnDVD.com . June 17 , 2015 . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved June 26 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Arrow -- Season 3 ( DVD ) '' . TVShowsOnDVD.com . June 17 , 2015 . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved June 26 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Flash Season 1 Netflix Release Date Confirmed '' . Den of Geek . September 18 , 2015 . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved October 29 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Arrow Season 3 Netflix Release Date Confirmed '' . Den of Geek . September 28 , 2015 . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved March 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Flash ' & ' Chicago Fire ' Adjusted Up ; ' Marry Me ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Bibel ( December 22 , 2014 ) . `` ' Modern Family ' Has Biggest Adults 18 -- 49 Ratings & Viewership Increase ; ' Constantine ' & ' The Vampire Diaries ' Top Percentage Gains in Live + 7 Ratings for Week 11 Ending December 7 '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved January 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( December 4 , 2014 ) . `` Wednesday Final Ratings : No Adjustment for Arrow , Modern Family or The 100 '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Venable , Nick ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash And Arrow Crossover Crushed Last Night , Get The Ratings '' . Cinema Blend . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` TV Ratings : ' The Flash ' Gets Bump With ' Arrow ' Crossover '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( December 4 , 2014 ) . `` ' Arrow ' Surges To Ratings Highs With Crossover , ABC Lineup Slips To Lows '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Baron , Steve ( December 4 , 2014 ) . `` ' Arrow ' Soars to Highest - Rated Episode Ever , Most - Watched Since Series Premiere '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Top Programs -- Total Canada ( English ) December 1 -- December 7 , 2014 '' ( PDF ) . Numeris . Archived ( PDF ) from the original on March 4 , 2017 . Retrieved March 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Patten , Dominic ( December 10 , 2014 ) . `` TV Ratings : ' Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' Fall Finale Down From 2013 , ' Victoria 's Secret ' & ' Flash ' Steady '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on March 22 , 2017 . Retrieved March 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kissell , Rick ( December 10 , 2014 ) . `` Tuesday Ratings : ' Victoria 's Secret , ' ' Rudolph ' Guide CBS to Victory '' . Variety . Archived from the original on March 22 , 2017 . Retrieved March 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Patten , Dominic ( December 11 , 2014 ) . `` TV Ratings : ' Modern Family ' Rises , ' Arrow ' Fall Finale Steady '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on March 22 , 2017 . Retrieved March 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kissell , Rick ( December 11 , 2014 ) . `` Ratings : ' The Middle , ' ' Nashville ' Bookend Winning Night for ABC '' . Variety . Archived from the original on March 22 , 2017 . Retrieved March 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Lowry , Brian ( December 2 , 2014 ) . `` ' The Flash ' Keeps Hitting Its Stride With ' Arrow ' Crossover '' . Variety . Archived from the original on February 22 , 2016 . Retrieved January 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Borders , Meredith ( December 4 , 2014 ) . `` TV Review : The Flash And Arrow Crossover Episodes '' . Birth. Movies. Death . Archived from the original on January 30 , 2016 . Retrieved January 24 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Agard , Chancellor ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` Arrow recap : ' The Brave and the Bold ' '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on December 25 , 2016 . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Schedeen , Jesse ( December 2 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash : `` Flash vs. Arrow '' Review `` . IGN . Archived from the original on December 21 , 2016 . Retrieved December 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Von Doviak , Scott ( December 2 , 2014 ) . `` TV Review The Flash : `` Flash Vs. Arrow '' `` . The A.V. Club . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved December 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Trumbore , Dave ( December 2 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash Recap Season 1 Episode 8 `` Flash vs Arrow '' `` . Collider.com . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved December 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Agard , Chancellor ( December 2 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash recap : ' Flash vs Arrow ' '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on December 23 , 2016 . Retrieved December 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Walters , Eric ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash : `` Flash vs. Arrow '' `` . Paste . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved December 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Preece , Caroline ( December 4 , 2014 ) . `` The Flash episode 8 review : Flash vs Arrow '' . Den of Geek . Archived from the original on December 21 , 2016 . Retrieved December 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Schedeen , Jesse ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` Arrow : `` The Brave and the Bold '' Review `` . IGN . Archived from the original on December 21 , 2016 . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Wilkins , Alasdair ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` TV Review Arrow : `` The Brave And The Bold '' `` . The A.V. Club . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Trumbore , Dave ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` Arrow Recap Season 3 Episode 8 `` The Brave and the Bold '' `` . Collider.com . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved December 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Rozeman , Mark ( December 4 , 2014 ) . `` Arrow Review : `` The Brave and the Bold '' `` . Paste . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Cecchini , Mike ( December 3 , 2014 ) . `` Arrow : The Brave and The Bold review '' . Den of Geek . Archived from the original on December 21 , 2016 . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Team TVLine ( December 16 , 2014 ) . `` The Biggest TV Moments of 2014 '' . TVLine . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Fowler , Matt ( December 31 , 2014 ) . `` 15 Great TV Fight Scenes from 2014 '' . IGN . Archived from the original on January 5 , 2017 . Retrieved January 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Yeoman , Kevin ( December 26 , 2014 ) . `` The Best TV Episodes of 2014 -- ' Mad Men ' , ' Walking Dead ' & More '' . ScreenRant . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved January 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Moore , Trent ( December 22 , 2014 ) . `` The 15 best sci - fi and fantasy television episodes of 2014 '' . Blastr . Archived from the original on January 20 , 2017 . Retrieved January 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Bentley , Jean ( December 30 , 2014 ) . `` ' The Good Wife , ' ' Louie , ' ' The Flash ' and more of the 17 best episodes of 2014 '' . Zap2it . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved January 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Nguyen , Hanh ( January 11 , 2015 ) . `` The CW Renews Supernatural and 7 More -- But Where 's Beauty and the Beast ? '' . TV Guide . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved January 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Melrose , Kevin ( September 29 , 2016 ) . `` Arrow , Flash , Supergirl , CW Crossover Villains Revealed '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2017 . Retrieved September 29 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Burlingame , Russ ( October 23 , 2016 ) . `` Marc Guggenheim Reveals the Title of Arrow 's 100th Episode '' . ComicBook.com . Archived from the original on December 20 , 2016 . Retrieved October 23 , 2016 . External links ( edit ) `` Flash vs. Arrow '' on IMDb `` Flash vs. Arrow '' at TV.com `` The Brave and the Bold '' on IMDb `` The Brave and the Bold '' at TV.com ( hide ) Arrowverse Arrow Episodes Season 1 Season 2 `` Pilot '' `` Green Arrow '' `` Unchained '' `` Sins of the Father '' `` Legacy '' `` Kapiushon '' `` Lian Yu '' `` Doppelganger '' Characters Oliver Queen Thea Queen Sara Lance The Flash Episodes Season 4 `` Pilot '' `` Fastest Man Alive '' `` Things You Ca n't Outrun '' `` Killer Frost '' `` Attack on Gorilla City '' `` Attack on Central City '' `` Duet '' Characters Supergirl Episodes `` Pilot '' `` Stronger Together '' `` Fight or Flight '' `` Livewire '' `` How Does She Do It ? '' `` Red Faced '' `` Human for a Day '' `` Hostile Takeover '' `` Blood Bonds '' `` Childish Things '' `` Strange Visitor from Another Planet '' `` Bizarro '' `` For the Girl Who Has Everything '' `` Truth , Justice and the American Way '' `` Solitude '' `` Falling '' `` Manhunter '' `` Worlds Finest '' `` Myriad '' `` Better Angels '' `` The Adventures of Supergirl '' `` Medusa '' `` Nevertheless , She Persisted '' Characters Legends of Tomorrow Episodes Characters Animated series Vixen Freedom Fighters : The Ray Constantine : City of Demons Other Arrowverse cast members Crossovers `` Flash vs. Arrow '' `` Heroes Join Forces '' `` Invasion ! '' `` Crisis on Earth - X '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flash_vs._Arrow&oldid=828991547 '' Categories : 2014 American television episodes Arrow ( TV series ) episodes Crossover television The Flash ( 2014 TV series ) episodes Hidden categories : Good articles Pages using deprecated image syntax Music infoboxes with Module : String errors Articles with hAudio microformats Album infoboxes lacking a cover Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Talk Contents About Wikipedia Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 6 March 2018 , at 00 : 12 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when did the flash first appear on arrow

the eighth episode of Arrow's second season


World 's tallest thermometer - wikipedia World 's tallest thermometer Jump to : navigation , search World 's Tallest Thermometer World 's Tallest Thermometer , 2003 General information Status Complete Type Sign Location 72157 Baker Boulevard Baker , California United States Coordinates 35 ° 15 ′ 59 '' N 116 ° 04 ′ 22 '' W  /  35.26644 ° N 116.07275 ° W  / 35.26644 ; - 116.07275 Coordinates : 35 ° 15 ′ 59 '' N 116 ° 04 ′ 22 '' W  /  35.26644 ° N 116.07275 ° W  / 35.26644 ; - 116.07275 Completed 1991 Renovated 2014 Cost $700,000 Renovation cost $150,000 Owner Herron family Height 134 feet ( 41 m ) Weight 76,812 pounds ( 34,841 kg ) Design and construction Main contractor Young Electric Sign Company Website worldstallestthermometer.com The World 's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark located in Baker , California , USA . It is an electric sign that commemorates the record 134 degrees Fahrenheit ( 57 degrees Celsius ) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10 , 1913 . The sign weighs 76,812 pounds ( 34,841 kg ) and is held together by 125 cubic yards ( 96 m ) of concrete . It stands 134 feet ( 41 m ) tall and is capable of displaying a maximum temperature of 134 ° F ( 57 ° C ) , both of which are a reference to the temperature record . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Location 3 References 4 External links History ( edit ) It was built in 1991 by the Young Electric Sign Company of Salt Lake City , Utah for Willis Herron , a local Baker businessman who spent $700,000 to build the thermometer next to his Bun Boy restaurant . Its height -- 134 feet -- was in honor of the 134 - degree record temperature set in nearby Death Valley on July 10 , 1913 . Soon after its construction , 70 - mph winds snapped the thermometer in half , and It was rebuilt . Two years later , severe gusts made the thermometer sway so much that its light bulbs popped out . Concrete was then poured inside the steel core to reinforce the monument . Herron sold the attraction and restaurant to another local businessman , Larry Dabour , who sold it in 2005 . In September 2012 , the owner at that time , Matt Pike , said that the power bill for its operation had reached $8,000 per month and that he turned it off due to the poor economy . In 2013 , the thermometer and accompanying empty gift shop were listed for sale . The family of Willis Herron ( who died in 2007 ) recovered ownership of the property in 2014 and stated their intention to make it operational again . The official re-lighting took place on July 10 , 2014 . In December 2016 , eVgo announced building the first US fast charge station for electric vehicles at up to 350 kW . It is scheduled to operate at WTT after summer 2017 . Location ( edit ) The world 's tallest thermometer is located at 72157 Baker Boulevard in Baker , California . It is visible from three different angles along Interstate 15 in Southern California 's Mojave Desert . A gift shop at the base of the thermometer stands near a commemorative plaque that describes the history of the site . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Benson , Lee ( 6 January 2003 ) . `` Hot spot is a cool pit stop '' . Deseret News . Jump up ^ Willon , Phil ( 24 December 2012 ) . `` Baker 's giant thermometer , long on the blink , is taking heat '' . Los Angeles Times . Jump up ^ Willon , Phil ( 3 January 2013 ) . `` Baker 's giant thermometer is up for sale '' . Los Angeles Times . Jump up ^ Lee , Wendy ( 26 March 2014 ) . `` World 's tallest thermometer could light up again '' . KPCC . Jump up ^ Rocha , Veronica ( 12 July 2014 ) . `` World 's tallest thermometer in Baker shines bright again '' . Los Angeles Times . Jump up ^ `` The first electric vehicle DC fast - charging station capable of 350 kW output breaks ground in California '' . Electrek. 15 December 2016 . Retrieved 28 December 2016 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to World 's Tallest Thermometer . Official website Roadside America Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World%27s_tallest_thermometer&oldid=757013261 '' Categories : Landmarks in California Mojave Desert Roadside attractions in California Thermometers Towers completed in 1991 1991 establishments in California Hidden categories : Coordinates on Wikidata Official website not in Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Русский తెలుగు Tiếng Việt Edit links This page was last edited on 28 December 2016 , at 06 : 41 . About Wikipedia

Question: where is the world's largest thermometer located


French colonization of Texas - wikipedia French colonization of Texas Jump to : navigation , search La Salle 's Expedition to Louisiana in 1684 , painted in 1844 by Theodore Gudin . La Belle is on the left , Le Joly is in the middle , and L'Aimable is grounded in the distance , right . Part of a series on the History of Texas Timeline Pre-Columbian Texas Early Spanish explorations 1520 -- French Texas 1684 -- 1689 Spanish Texas 1690 -- 1821 Mexican Texas 1821 -- 1836 Republic of Texas 1836 -- 1845 Statehood 1845 -- 1860 Civil War Era 1861 -- 1865 Reconstruction 1865 -- 1899 State of Texas Texas portal The French colonization of Texas began with the establishment of a fort in present - day southeastern Texas . It was established in 1685 near Arenosa Creek and Matagorda Bay by explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle . He intended to found the colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River , but inaccurate maps and navigational errors caused his ships to anchor instead 400 miles ( 640 km ) to the west , off the coast of Texas . The colony survived until 1688 . The present - day town of Inez is near the fort 's site . The colony faced numerous difficulties during its brief existence , including Native American raids , epidemics , and harsh conditions . From that base , La Salle led several expeditions to find the Mississippi River . These did not succeed , but La Salle did explore much of the Rio Grande and parts of east Texas . During one of his absences in 1686 , the colony 's last ship was wrecked , leaving the colonists unable to obtain resources from the French colonies of the Caribbean . As conditions deteriorated , La Salle realized the colony could survive only with help from the French settlements in Illinois Country to the north , along the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers . His last expedition ended along the Brazos River in early 1687 , when La Salle and five of his men were murdered during a mutiny . Although a handful of men reached Illinois Country , help never made it to the fort . Most of the remaining members of the colony were killed during a Karankawa raid in late 1688 , four children survived after being adopted as captives . Although the colony lasted only three years , it established France 's claim to possession of the region that is now Texas . The United States later claimed , unsuccessfully , this region as part of the Louisiana Purchase because of the early French colony . Spain learned of La Salle 's mission in 1686 . Concerned that the French colony could threaten Spain 's control over the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the unsettled southeastern region of North America , the Crown funded multiple expeditions to locate and eliminate the settlement . The unsuccessful expeditions helped Spain to better understand the geography of the Gulf Coast region . When the Spanish finally discovered the remains of the French colony at the fort in 1689 , they buried the cannons and burned the buildings . Years later , Spanish authorities built a presidio at the same location . When the presidio was abandoned , the site of the French settlement was lost to history . The fort was rediscovered by historians and excavated in 1996 , and the area is now an archaeological site . In 1995 , researchers located the ship La Belle in Matagorda Bay , with several sections of the hull remaining virtually intact . They constructed a cofferdam , the first to be used in North America to excavate the ship as if in dry conditions . In 2000 , excavations revealed three of the original structures of the fort , as well as three graves of Frenchmen . Contents ( hide ) 1 La Salle expeditions 1.1 First expedition 1.2 Second expedition 2 First settlement 2.1 Fort 2.2 Difficulties 3 Spanish response 4 Legacy 5 Excavation 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading La Salle expeditions ( edit ) Main article : La Salle expeditions First expedition ( edit ) This 1681 map shows cartographer Claude Bernou 's perception of North America before La Salle traversed the Mississippi River . The Rio Grande is listed as Rio Bravo , and the map shows a lack of knowledge of the geography of Texas . By the late 17th century , much of North America had been claimed by European countries . Spain had claimed Florida as well as modern - day Mexico and much of the southwestern part of the continent . The northern and central Atlantic coast was claimed by Britain , and New France comprised much of what is now eastern Canada as well as the central Illinois Country . The French feared that their territory was vulnerable to the expansionist aims of its neighbors . In 1681 , French nobleman Robert Cavelier de La Salle launched an expedition down the Mississippi River from New France , at first believing he would find a path to the Pacific Ocean . Instead , La Salle found a route to the Gulf of Mexico . Although Hernando De Soto had explored and claimed this area for Spain 140 years before , on April 9 , 1682 , La Salle claimed the Mississippi River valley for French king Louis XIV , naming the territory Louisiana in his honor . Unless France established a base at the mouth of the Mississippi , Spain would have an opportunity to control the entire Gulf of Mexico and potentially pose a threat to New France 's southern borders . La Salle believed that the Mississippi River was near the eastern edge of New Spain . On his return to France in 1684 , he proposed to the Crown the establishment of a colony at the mouth of the river . The colony could provide a base for promoting Christianity among the native peoples as well as a convenient location for attacking the Spanish province of Nueva Vizcaya and gaining control of its lucrative silver mines . He argued that a small number of Frenchmen could successfully invade New Spain by allying themselves with some of the more than 15,000 Native Americans who were angry over Spanish enslavement . After Spain declared war on France in October 1667 , King Louis agreed to support La Salle 's plan . He was to return to North America and confirm `` the Indians ' allegiance to the crown , leading them to the true faith , and maintaining intertribal peace '' . Second expedition ( edit ) La Salle originally planned to sail to New France , journey overland to the south and Illinois Country , and then travel down the Mississippi River to its mouth . To spite Spain , Louis XIV insisted that La Salle sail through the Gulf of Mexico , which Spain considered its exclusive property . Although La Salle had requested only one ship , on July 24 , 1684 , he left La Rochelle , France with four : the 36 - gun man of war Le Joly , the 300 - ton storeship L'Aimable , the barque La Belle , and the ketch St. François . Although Louis XIV had provided both Le Joly and La Belle , La Salle desired more cargo space and leased L'Aimable and St. François from French merchants . Louis also provided 100 soldiers and full crews for the ships , as well as funds to hire skilled workers to join the expedition . La Salle was forced to purchase trade goods himself for expected encounters with Native Americans ... The ships carried a total of nearly 300 people , including soldiers , artisans and craftsmen , six Catholic missionaries , eight merchants , and over a dozen women and children . Shortly after their departure , France and Spain ceased hostilities , and Louis was no longer interested in sending La Salle further assistance . Details of the voyage were kept secret so that Spain would not learn about it . La Salle 's naval commander , the Sieur de Beaujeu , resented La Salle 's keeping their destination until the party was well underway . The discord between the two intensified when they reached Saint - Domingue , on the island of Hispaniola , and quarreled over where to anchor . Beaujeu sailed to another part of the island , allowing Spanish privateers to capture the St. François , which had been fully loaded with supplies , provisions , and tools for the colony . During the 58 - day voyage , two people died of illness and one woman gave birth to a child . The voyage to Saint - Domingue had lasted longer than expected , and provisions ran low , especially after the loss of the St. François . La Salle had little money with which to replenish supplies , and finally two of the merchants aboard the expedition sold some of their trade goods to the islanders , and lent their profits to La Salle . To fill the gaps left after several men deserted , La Salle recruited a few islanders to join the expedition . In late November 1684 , when La Salle had fully recovered from a severe illness , the three remaining ships continued their search for the Mississippi River delta . Before they left Santo Domingo , local sailors warned that strong Gulf currents flowed east and would tug the ships toward the Florida straits unless they corrected for it . On December 18 , the ships reached the Gulf of Mexico and entered waters that Spain claimed as its territory . None of the members of the expedition had ever been in the Gulf of Mexico or knew how to navigate it . Due to a combination of inaccurate maps , La Salle 's previous miscalculation of the latitude of the mouth of the Mississippi River , and overcorrection for the currents , the expedition failed to find the Mississippi . Instead , they landed at Matagorda Bay in early 1685 , 400 miles ( 640 km ) west of the Mississippi . First settlement ( edit ) The Royal Standard of France was commonly used as the State flag of France prior to the French Revolution . On February 20 , the colonists set foot on land for the first time in three months since leaving Saint - Domingue . They set up a temporary camp near the site of the present - day Matagorda Island Lighthouse . The chronicler of the expedition , Henri Joutel , described his first view of Texas : `` The country did not seem very favorable to me . It was flat and sandy but did nevertheless produce grass . There were several salt pools . We hardly saw any wild fowl except some cranes and Canadian ( sic ) geese which were not expecting us . '' Against Beaujeu 's advice , La Salle ordered La Belle and the Aimable `` to negotiate the narrow and shallow pass '' to bring the supplies closer to the campsite . To lighten L'Aimable 's load , its eight cannons and a small portion of its cargo were removed . After La Belle successfully negotiated the pass , La Salle sent her pilot to L'Aimable to assist with the navigation , but L'Aimable's captain refused the help . As the Aimable set sail , a band of Karankawa approached and carried off some of the settlers . La Salle led a small group of soldiers to rescue them , leaving no one to direct the Aimable . When he returned , he found the Aimable grounded on a sandbar . Upon hearing that the captain had ordered the ship to sail forward after it had struck a sandbar , La Salle became convinced that the captain had deliberately grounded the ship . Approximate location of Fort Saint Louis , near Matagorda Bay on the Gulf Coast of Texas For several days the men attempted to salvage the tools and provisions that had been loaded on the Aimable , but a bad storm prevented them from recovering more than food , cannons , powder , and a small amount of the merchandise . The ship sank on March 7 . The French watched the Karankawa loot the wreckage . As French soldiers approached the Native American village to retrieve their supplies , the villagers hid . On discovering the deserted village , the soldiers not only reclaimed the looted merchandise but also took animal pelts and two canoes . The angry Karankawa attacked , killing two Frenchmen and injuring others . Beaujeu , having fulfilled his mission in escorting the colonists across the ocean , returned to France aboard the Joly in mid-March 1685 . Many of the colonists chose to return to France with him , leaving approximately 180 . Although Beaujeu delivered a message from La Salle requesting additional supplies , French authorities , having made peace with Spain , never responded . The remaining colonists suffered from dysentery and venereal diseases , and people died daily . Those who were fit helped build crude dwellings and a temporary fort on Matagorda Island . Fort ( edit ) On March 24 , La Salle took 52 men in five canoes to find a less exposed settlement site . They found Garcitas Creek , which had fresh water and fish , with good soil along its banks . They named it Rivière aux Boeufs for the nearby buffalo herds . The fort was constructed on a bluff overlooking the creek , 1.5 leagues from its mouth . Two men died , one of a rattlesnake bite and another from drowning while trying to fish . At night , the Karankawa would sometimes surround the camp and howl , but the soldiers could scare them away with a few gun shots . The fort has sometimes been referred to as `` Fort St. Louis '' but that name was not used during the life of the settlement and appears to be a later invention . Map of the French fort drawn by a member of the Spanish expedition which discovered the French colony in 1689 . It marks the river , the colony 's structures , and location of cannons . In early June , La Salle summoned the rest of the colonists from the temporary campsite to the new settlement site . Seventy people began the 50 - mile ( 80 km ) overland trek on June 12 . All of the supplies had to be hauled from the Belle , a physically draining task that was finally completed by the middle of July . The last load was accompanied by the 30 men who had remained behind to guard the ship . Although trees grew near the site , they were not suitable for building , and timber had to be transported to the building site from several miles inland . Some timbers were salvaged from the Aimable . By the end of July , over half of the settlers had died , most from a combination of scant rations and overwork . The remaining settlers built a large two - story structure at the center of the settlement . The ground floor was divided into three rooms : one for La Salle , one for the priests , and one for the officers of the expedition . The upper story consisted of a single room used to store supplies . Surrounding the fort were several smaller structures to provide shelter for the other members of the expedition . The eight cannons , each weighing 700 to 1,200 pounds ( 320 to 540 kg ) , had been salvaged from L'Aimable and were positioned around the colony for protection . Difficulties ( edit ) For several months after the permanent camp was built , the colonists took short trips to explore their surroundings . At the end of October 1685 , La Salle decided to undertake a longer expedition and reloaded the Belle with many of the remaining supplies . He took 50 men , plus the Belle 's crew of 27 sailors , leaving behind 34 men , women , and children . Most of the men traveled with La Salle in canoes , while the Belle followed further off the coast . After three days of travel , they learned of hostile Native Americans in the area . Twenty of the Frenchmen attacked the Native American village , where they found Spanish artifacts . Several of the men died on this expedition from eating prickly pear . The Karankawa killed a small group of the men who had camped on shore , including the captain of the Belle . From January until March 1686 , La Salle and most of his men searched overland for the Mississippi River , traveling towards the Rio Grande , possibly as far west as modern - day Langtry , Texas . The men questioned the local Native American tribes , asking for information on the locations of the Spaniards and the Spanish mines , offering gifts , and telling stories that portrayed the Spanish as cruel and the French as benevolent . When the group returned , they were unable to find the Belle where they had left her and were forced to walk back to the fort . The following month they traveled east , hoping to locate the Mississippi and return to Canada . During their travels , the group encountered the Caddo , who gave the Frenchmen a map depicting their territory , that of their neighbors , and the location of the Mississippi River . The Caddo often made friendship pacts with neighboring peoples and extended their policy of peaceful negotiation to the French . While visiting the Caddo , the French met Jumano traders , who reported on the activities of the Spanish in New Mexico . These traders later informed Spanish officials of the Frenchmen they had seen . René - Robert Cavelier , Sieur de La Salle , was killed in Texas while trying to reach New France . Four of the men deserted when they reached the Neches River . La Salle and one of his nephews became very ill , forcing the group to halt for two months . While the men recovered , the group ran low on food and gunpowder . In August , the eight surviving members of the expedition returned to Fort Saint Louis , having never left East Texas . While La Salle was gone , six of those who had remained on the Belle finally arrived at Fort Saint Louis . According to them , the new captain of the Belle was always drunk . Many of the sailors did not know how to sail , and they grounded the boat on Matagorda Peninsula . The survivors took a canoe to the fort , leaving the ship behind . The destruction of their last ship left the settlers stranded on the Texas coast , with no hope of gaining assistance from the French colonies in the Caribbean Sea . By early January 1687 , fewer than 45 of the original 180 people remained in the colony , which was beset by internal strife . La Salle believed that their only hope of survival lay in trekking overland to request assistance from New France , and some time that month he led a final expedition to try to reach the Illinois Country . Fewer than 20 people remained at Fort Saint Louis , primarily women , children , and those deemed unfit , as well as seven soldiers and three missionaries with whom La Salle was unhappy . Seventeen men were included on the expedition , including La Salle , his brother , and two of his nephews . While camping near present - day Navasota on March 18 , several of the men quarreled over the division of buffalo meat . That night , an expedition member killed one of La Salle 's nephews and two other men in their sleep . The following day La Salle was killed while approaching the camp to investigate his nephew 's disappearance . Infighting led to the deaths of two other expedition members within a short time . Two of the surviving members , including Jean L'Archeveque , joined the Caddo . The remaining six men , led by Henri Joutel , made their way to Illinois Country . During their journey through Illinois to Canada , the men did not tell anyone that La Salle was dead . They reached France in the summer of 1688 and informed King Louis of La Salle 's death and the horrible conditions in the colony . Louis did not send aid . Spanish response ( edit ) La Salle 's mission had remained secret until 1686 when former expedition member Denis Thomas , who had deserted in Santo Domingo , was arrested for piracy . Trying to have his punishment reduced , Thomas informed his Spanish jailers of La Salle 's plan to found a colony and eventually conquer Spanish silver mines . Despite his confession , Thomas was hanged . Map of Fort Saint Louis drawn by a member of the Spanish expedition which discovered the French colony in 1689 . It marks the river , the colony 's structures , and location of cannons . The Spanish government felt the French colony would be a threat to their mines and shipping routes , and Carlos II 's Council of War thought that `` Spain needed swift action ' to remove this thorn which has been thrust into the heart of America . The greater the delay the greater the difficulty of attainment . ' '' The Spanish had no idea where to find La Salle , and in 1686 they sent a sea expedition and two land expeditions to try to locate his colony . Although the expeditions were unable to find La Salle , they did narrow the search to the area between the Rio Grande and the Mississippi . Four Spanish expeditions the following year failed to find La Salle , but helped Spain to better understand the geography of the Gulf Coast region . In 1688 , the Spanish sent three more expeditions , two by sea and one by land . The land expedition , led by Alonso De León , discovered Jean Gery , who had deserted the French colony and was living in Southern Texas with the Coahuiltecans . Using Gery as a translator and guide , De León finally found the French fort in late April 1689 . The fort and the five crude houses surrounding it were in ruins . Several months before , the Karankawa had attacked the settlement . They destroyed the structures and left the bodies of three people , including a woman who had been shot in the back . A Spanish priest who had accompanied De León conducted funeral services for the three victims . The chronicler of the Spanish expedition , Juan Bautista Chapa , wrote that the devastation was God 's punishment for opposing the Pope , as Pope Alexander VI had granted the Indies exclusively to the Spanish . The remains of the fort were destroyed by the Spanish , who also buried the French cannons left behind . The Spanish later built a fort on the same location . Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora created this map of Matagorda Bay ( known to the Spanish as San Bernardo Bay ) based on sketches from Alonso De León 's 1689 expedition . Fort Saint Louis is marked as `` F '' , and La Belle is identified as `` Navío Quebrado '' , or `` broken ship '' . In early 1689 , Spanish authorities received a plea , written in French . Jumano scouts had received these papers from the Caddo , who asked that they be delivered to the Spanish . The papers included a parchment painting of a ship , as well as a written message from Jean L'Archevêque . The message read : I do not know what sort of people you are . We are French ( ; ) we are among the savages ( ; ) we would like much to be Among the Christians such as we are ( . ) ... we are solely grieved to be among beasts like these who believe neither in God nor in anything . Gentlemen , if you are willing to take us away , you have only to send a message ... We will deliver ourselves up to you . De León later rescued L'Archeveque and his companion Jacques Grollet . On interrogation , the men maintained that over 100 of the French settlers had died of smallpox , and the others had been killed by Native Americans . The only people known to have survived the final attack were the Talon children , who had been adopted by the Karankawa . According to the children , the settlement had been attacked around Christmas of 1688 , and all the remaining settlers had been killed . Legacy ( edit ) Only 15 or 16 people survived the colony . Six returned to France , while nine others were captured by the Spanish , including the four children who had been spared by the Karankawa . The children were initially brought to the viceroy of New Spain , the Conde de Galve , who treated them as servants . Two of the boys , Pierre and Jean - Baptiste , later returned to France . Of the remaining Spanish captives , three became Spanish citizens and settled in New Mexico . Although the French colony had been utterly destroyed , Spain feared that another French attempt was inevitable . For the first time , the Spanish crown authorized small outposts in eastern Texas and at Pensacola . In 1722 , the Spanish built a fort , Presidio La Bahia , and Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga on the site of Fort Saint Louis . This map of the Presidio La Bahia was drawn in 1836 . France did not abandon its claims to Texas until November 3 , 1762 , when it ceded all of its territory west of the Mississippi River to Spain in the Treaty of Fontainebleau , following its defeat by Great Britain in the Seven Years ' War . It ceded New France to Britain . In 1803 , three years after Spain had returned Louisiana to France , Napoleon sold the territory to the United States . The original agreement between Spain and France had not explicitly specified the borders of Louisiana , and the descriptions in the documents were ambiguous and contradictory . The United States insisted that its purchase included all of the territory France had claimed , including all of Texas . The dispute was not resolved until the Adams - Onís Treaty of 1819 , in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States in return for the United States ' relinquishing its claim on Texas . The official boundary of Texas was set at the Sabine River ( the current boundary between Texas and Louisiana ) , and following the Red and Arkansas rivers to the 42nd parallel ( California 's current northern border ) . Excavation ( edit ) Further information : La Belle ( ship ) In 1908 , historian Herbert Eugene Bolton identified an area along Garcitas Creek , near Matagorda Bay , as the location of Fort St. Louis . Other historians , before and after Bolton , argued that the fort was located on Lavaca River in Jackson County . Five decades later , the University of Texas at Austin funded a partial excavation of Bolton 's site , a part of the Keeran ranch . Although several thousand items were recovered , archaeologists could not accurately distinguish between French and Spanish artifacts of the 17th century , and no report on the findings was ever issued . In the 1970s , the artifacts were reexamined by Kathleen Gilmore , an archaeologist at Southern Methodist University . She determined that while most of the artifacts were Spanish , some definitively matched artifacts recovered from French and French - Canadian excavations of the same time period . In late 1996 , Keeran ranch workers exploring with metal detectors located eight cast - iron cannons buried near Garcitas Creek . After excavating the cannons , the Texas Historical Commission ( THC ) confirmed they were from Fort Saint Louis . In 2000 a THC excavation discovered the locations of three of the buildings that had housed the French colony and the three graves dug by the Spanish . Modern day blueprint of La Belle For decades , the THC had also been searching for the wreckage of La Belle . In 1995 , the shipwreck was discovered in Matagorda Bay . Researchers excavated a 792 - pound ( 359 kg ) cast - bronze cannon from the waters , as well as musket balls , bronze straight pins , and trade beads . Large sections of the wooden hull were intact , protected from the damaging effects of warm salt water by layers of muddy sediment which `` essentially creat ( ed ) an oxygen - free time capsule '' . La Belle was the oldest French shipwreck discovered in the Western Hemisphere to that date . To enable the archaeologists to recover as many of the artifacts as possible , a cofferdam was constructed around the ship . The cofferdam held back the waters of the bay , allowing archaeologists to conduct the excavation as if it were on land . This was the first attempt in North America to excavate a shipwreck in dry conditions . Previous shipwreck excavations using cofferdams were completed in Europe , but never on a ship as large as the Belle . The National Underwater and Marine Agency searched for L'Aimable from 1997 until 1999 . Although they found a promising location , the ship was buried under more than 25 feet ( 7.6 m ) of sand and could not be reached . See also ( edit ) France -- Republic of Texas relations , 1839 -- 1845 References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Bannon , John Francis ( 1997 ) , The Spanish Borderlands Frontier , 1513 -- 1821 , Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press , p. 94 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 8263 - 0309 - 7 ^ Jump up to : Weber , David J. ( 1992 ) , The Spanish Frontier in North America , Yale Western Americana Series , New Haven Connecticut : Yale University Press , p. 148 , ISBN 0 - 300 - 05198 - 0 Jump up ^ Chipman , Donald E. ( 2010 ) ( 1992 ) , Spanish Texas , 1519 -- 1821 ( revised ed . ) , Austin : University of Texas Press , p. 72 , ISBN 0 - 292 - 77659 - 4 Jump up ^ Chipman ( 2010 ) , p. 73 ^ Jump up to : Calloway , Colin G. ( 2003 ) , One Vast Winter Count : The Native American West Before Lewis and Clark , History of the American West , Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press , p. 250 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 8032 - 1530 - 6 Jump up ^ Bruseth , James E. ; Turner , Toni S. ( 2005 ) , From a Watery Grave : The Discovery and Excavation of La Salle 's Shipwreck , La Belle , College Station : Texas A&M University Press , p. 76 , ISBN 1 - 58544 - 431 - 6 Jump up ^ Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , p. 19 ^ Jump up to : * Weddle , Robert S. ( 1991 ) , The French Thorn : Rival Explorers in the Spanish Sea , 1682 -- 1762 , College Station : Texas A&M University Press , p. 13 , ISBN 0 - 89096 - 480 - 7 Jump up ^ Chipman ( 2010 ) , p. 74 ^ Jump up to : Weber ( 1992 ) , p. 149 Jump up ^ Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , p. 20 ^ Jump up to : Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 16 ^ Jump up to : Chipman ( 2010 ) , p. 75 Jump up ^ Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 17 ^ Jump up to : Chipman ( 2010 ) , p. 76 Jump up ^ Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 19 Jump up ^ Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 20 ^ Jump up to : Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 23 ^ Jump up to : Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , p. 23 ^ Jump up to : Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 24 Jump up ^ Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , p. 26 ^ Jump up to : Chipman ( 2010 ) , p. 77 Jump up ^ Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 25 ^ Jump up to : Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 27 ^ Jump up to : Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , p. 27 ^ Jump up to : Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 28 Jump up ^ Weddle , Robert ( 2010 - 06 - 15 ) . `` La Salle 's Texas Settlement '' . Texas State Historical Association . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 09 . Jump up ^ Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , p. 28 Jump up ^ Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 29 ^ Jump up to : Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 30 ^ Jump up to : Chipman ( 2010 ) , p. 83 ^ Jump up to : Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 34 Jump up ^ Calloway ( 2003 ) , p. 252 Jump up ^ Calloway ( 2003 ) , p. 253 ^ Jump up to : Chipman ( 2010 ) , p. 84 ^ Jump up to : Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 31 ^ Jump up to : Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 35 Jump up ^ Weddle ( 1991 ) , p. 38 Jump up ^ Bannon ( 1997 ) , p. 97 Jump up ^ Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , pp. 7 - 8 ^ Jump up to : Weber ( 1992 ) , p. 151 Jump up ^ Weber ( 1992 ) , pp. 151 - 152 ^ Jump up to : Weber ( 1992 ) , p. 152 ^ Jump up to : Calloway ( 2003 ) , p. 255 ^ Jump up to : Weber ( 1992 ) , p. 153 Jump up ^ Weber ( 1992 ) , p. 168 ^ Jump up to : Calloway ( 2003 ) , p. 256 Jump up ^ Roell , Craig H. ; Weddle , Robert S. ( September 19 , 2010 ) . `` Nuestra Señora de Loreto de la Bahia Presidio '' . Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association . Retrieved April 7 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Weber ( 1992 ) , p. 198 ^ Jump up to : Weber ( 1992 ) , p. 291 Jump up ^ Weber ( 1992 ) , p. 299 ^ Jump up to : Turner , Allan ( February 16 , 1997 ) , `` Cannons ' discovery ends debate on LaSalle fort '' , Houston Chronicle , Houston , TX , p . City and State , 2 , retrieved 2007 - 11 - 07 ^ Jump up to : Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , p. 32 Jump up ^ Mosely , Laurie . `` Information About Archeology : Fort Saint Louis '' . Texas Archeological Society . Archived from the original on 2007 - 12 - 24 . Retrieved 2007 - 11 - 06 . Jump up ^ Kever , Jeannie ( September 17 , 2000 ) , `` The first French Colony in Texas '' , Houston Chronicle , retrieved 2007 - 11 - 07 Jump up ^ Fort St. Louis Excavation Highlights , Texas Historical Commission , archived from the original on 2007 - 08 - 30 , retrieved 2007 - 11 - 04 Jump up ^ Kever , Jeannie ( December 3 , 2000 ) , `` Hot on their tracks : Remains of Settlers at site of La Salle Fort thrill archaeologists '' , Houston Chronicle , retrieved 2007 - 11 - 07 Jump up ^ Keith , Donald H. ; Carlin , Worth ; de Bry , John ( 1997 ) , `` A bronze cannon from La Belle , 1686 : its construction , conservation , and display '' , The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology , 26 ( 2 ) : 144 -- 158 , doi : 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 9270.1997. tb01326. x , ( Subscription required ( help ) ) Jump up ^ Turner , Allan ( July 14 , 1995 ) , `` History surfaces in Matagorda Bay '' , Houston Chronicle , retrieved 2007 - 11 - 07 Jump up ^ Turner , Allan ( July 30 , 1995 ) , `` History rising from the bay 's murky depths : La Salle ship one of many Matagorda victims '' , Houston Chronicle , p . State section , page 1 , retrieved 2007 - 11 - 07 Jump up ^ Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , p. 48 Jump up ^ Bruseth & Turner ( 2005 ) , p. 45 Further reading ( edit ) New France portal Texas portal Lagarde , François , ed. ( 2003 ) , The French in Texas : History , Migration , Culture , Austin , TX : University of Texas Press , ISBN 978 - 0 - 292 - 70528 - 9 French colonial conflicts 16th -- 17th centuries Brazil ( 1557 -- 60 ) Florida ( 1562 -- 65 ) Brazil ( 1612 -- 15 ) Morocco ( 1629 ) Beaver Wars ( 1641 -- 1701 ) French colonization of Texas ( 1685 -- 89 ) Siam ( 1688 ) King William 's War ( 1689 -- 97 ) 18th century Queen Anne 's War ( 1702 -- 13 ) Chickasaw Wars ( 1721 -- 52 ) Dummer 's War ( 1721 -- 25 ) Burma -- France relations ( 1729 -- 56 ) King George 's War ( 1744 -- 48 ) First Carnatic War ( 1746 -- 48 ) Second Carnatic War ( 1749 -- 54 ) Nova Scotia ( 1749 -- 55 ) French and Indian War ( 1754 -- 60 ) East Indies ( 1757 -- 63 ) Larache expedition 1765 Vietnam ( 1777 -- 1820 ) North America ( 1778 -- 83 ) Caribbean and East Indies ( 1778 -- 83 ) Haitian Revolution ( 1791 -- 1804 ) Siege of Pondicherry ( 1793 ) French acquisition of Santo Domingo ( 1795 -- 1809 ) French campaign in Egypt and Syria ( 1798 -- 1801 ) 19th century West Indies ( 1804 -- 10 ) Indian Ocean ( 1809 -- 11 ) Java ( 1811 ) Algeria ( 1830 -- 47 ) Algeria ( 1835 -- 1903 ) Río de la Plata ( 1838 -- 40 ) Mexico ( 1838 -- 39 ) Argentina -- Uruguay ( 1845 -- 50 ) Morocco ( 1844 ) Philippines ( 1844 -- 45 ) Bombardment of Tourane Vietnam ( 1847 ) Franco - Tahitian War ( 1844 -- 47 ) French conquest of Senegal ( 1854 ) Cochinchina Campaign ( 1858 -- 62 ) Second Opium War ( 1860 ) Intervention in Mexico ( 1861 -- 67 ) Japan ( 1863 -- 64 ) Korea ( 1866 ) North Vietnam ( 1873 -- 74 ) Tunisia ( 1881 ) Madagascar ( 1883 ) Ivory Coast ( 1883 -- 98 ) Tonkin Campaign ( 1883 -- 86 ) Sino - French War ( 1884 -- 85 ) North Vietnam ( 1886 -- 96 ) Leewards War ( 1888 -- 97 ) First Franco - Dahomean War ( 1890 ) Second Franco - Dahomean War ( 1892 -- 94 ) Franco - Siamese War ( 1893 ) Second Madagascar expedition ( 1895 ) Voulet -- Chanoine Mission ( 1898 ) 20th century Boxer Rebellion ( 1901 ) Holy Man 's Rebellion ( 1901 - 36 ) Ouaddai War ( 1909 -- 11 ) Morocco ( 1911 ) Zaian War ( 1914 - 1921 ) Volta - Bani War ( 1915 - 1916 ) Kaocen Revolt ( 1916 - 1917 ) Syria ( 1919 -- 21 ) Cilicia ( 1920 -- 21 ) Rif War ( 1920 -- 26 ) Kongo - Wara rebellion ( 1928 -- 31 ) Franco - Thai War ( 1940 -- 41 ) Indochina ( 1945 ) South Vietnam ( 1945 -- 46 ) First Indochina War ( 1946 -- 54 ) Malagasy Uprising ( 1947 -- 48 ) Tunisian independence ( 1952 -- 56 ) Algerian War ( 1954 -- 62 ) Suez Crisis ( 1956 ) Ifni War ( 1957 -- 58 ) Cameroonian Independence War ( 1955 - 1960 ) Bizerte crisis ( 1961 ) Ouvéa cave hostage taking ( 1988 ) History of Texas By period French Texas Spanish Texas Mexican Texas Republic of Texas Texas annexation Civil War era Reconstruction State of Texas By topic Annexation Border disputes Forests Indian Wars Jewish history Oil boom Revolution Slavery Texas Rangers Vice By city Amarillo Austin Brownsville Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Galveston Houston Laredo Lubbock San Antonio Timelines of cities in Texas Government agency Foreign relations of the Republic of Texas Congress of the Republic of Texas Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas Texas Historical Commission Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_colonization_of_Texas&oldid=834280516 '' Categories : French Texas New France Colonial United States ( French ) Former French colonies Former colonies in North America Pre-statehood history of Texas 1680s in Texas 1680s in New France 1680s in France French forts in the United States Populated places established in 1685 1680s establishments in New France 17th - century establishments in Texas 1685 establishments in the French colonial empire Hidden categories : Pages containing links to subscription - only content Featured articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Català Español Esperanto Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano 日本 語 中文 3 more Edit links This page was last edited on 4 April 2018 , at 21 : 22 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: where did the french immigrants settle in texas


Many happy returns ( greeting ) - wikipedia Many happy returns ( greeting ) Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Many Happy Returns . `` Many happy returns '' is a greeting which is used by some on birthdays , and by others in response to `` Merry Christmas '' and `` Happy New Year '' . Since the 18th century this has been used as a salutation to offer the hope that a happy day being marked would recur many more times . It is now primarily used , by some , on birthdays . Prior to the mid-19th century , it was used at any celebratory or festive event . The phrase is more common in British English , Indian English , Hiberno English and to some degree in Canadian English than in American English . Current usage is often as a more formal option than `` Happy Birthday '' . It is also often found on greetings cards . Its earliest attributable use was by Lady Newdigate in a letter written in 1789 ( and published in Newdigate - Newdegate Cheverels in 1898 ) Many happy returns of þ day to us my D Love The letter was written in London on 31 May 1789 by Hester Margaretta , Lady Newdigate , to her husband , Sir Roger Newdigate , 5th Baronet , and refers to a wish for their wedding day . A much earlier reference is found in Joseph Addison 's newspaper The Freeholder : The usual Salutation to a Man upon his Birth - day among the ancient Romans was Multos & foelices ; in which they wished him many happy Returns of it . An alternative explanation is that `` returns '' here is used in the sense of `` yield '' or `` profit '' that it is still found in `` investment returns '' . Therefore , `` many happy returns of the day '' would be a wishing a person a rewarding day , full of happiness . This use has been traced back to Joseph Addison in 1716 . `` Many happy returns '' is Winnie - the - Pooh 's preferred method of wishing people a happy birthday , as seen throughout the story `` In Which Eeyore has a Birthday and Gets Two Presents '' in the 1926 collection Winnie - the - Pooh . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` The Cheverels of Cheverel manor - by Lady Newdigate - Newdegate author of ' Gossip from a Muniment Room ' - With Illustrations from Family Portraits '' , Longmans Green & Co , 1898 ; Chapter VI , page 84 . see also `` Cavalier and Puritan in the days of the Stuarts : compiled from the private papers and diary of Sir Richard Newdigate , second Baronet , with extracts from ms . news - letters addressed to him between 1675 and 1689 '' , by Lady Anne Emily Garnier Newdigate - Newdegate . '' In this book , the letters are compiled and commented , that inspired George Eliot 's work Scenes of Clerical Life . Jump up ^ The Freeholder extraordinary , issued by James Bettenham and Sold by John Morphew near Stationers - Hall , n ° 46 , dated Monday , May 25 , 1716 , http://www.worldcat.org/title/freeholder-extraordinary/oclc/643155245 Jump up ^ `` Online etymology dictionary '' . 2010 . Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 11 . Jump up ^ `` Return '' . Dictionary.com. 2010 . Retrieved 2010 - 08 - 29 . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Many_happy_returns_(greeting)&oldid=818509117 '' Categories : Proverbs Birthdays English proverbs Talk About Wikipedia Brezhoneg Edit links This page was last edited on 3 January 2018 , at 23 : 52 . About Wikipedia

Question: many many happy returns of the day meaning