2017 Nobel Peace Prize - wikipedia 2017 Nobel Peace Prize Jump to : navigation , search The Nobel Peace Prize Awarded for Outstanding contributions to peace Date 6 October 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 06 ) Location Oslo Country Norway Presented by Norwegian Nobel Committee Reward ( s ) 9 million SEK ( $ 1.11 M , € 0.94 M ) First awarded 1901 2017 laureate International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons Website nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace ← 2016 Nobel Peace Prize 2018 → The 2017 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ( ICAN ) `` for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground - breaking efforts to achieve a treaty - based prohibition on such weapons , '' according to the Norwegian Nobel Committee announcement on October 6 , 2017 . The award announcement acknowledged the fact that `` the world 's nine nuclear - armed powers and their allies '' neither signed nor supported the treaty - based prohibition known as the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons or nuclear ban treaty , yet in an interview Committee Chair Berit Reiss - Andersen told reporters that the award was intended to give `` encouragement to all players in the field '' to disarm . The award was hailed by civil society as well as governmental and intergovernmental representatives who support the nuclear ban treaty , but drew criticism from those opposed . At the Nobel Peace Prize award ceremony held in Oslo City Hall on December 10 , 2017 , Setsuko Thurlow , an 85 - year - old survivor of the 1945 atomic bombing of Hiroshima , and ICAN Executive Director Beatrice Fihn jointly received a medal and diploma of the award on behalf of ICAN and delivered the Nobel lecture . Contents ( hide ) 1 Award 2 Congratulatory reactions 3 Critical reactions 4 Commentaries 5 Award funding 6 Award ceremony 7 Past Award recognition of disarmament efforts 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Award ( edit ) A global civil society coalition of 468 peace , human rights , environment , development and faith groups as of 2017 , ICAN was recognized for its decade - long consensus - building support for the Humanitarian Pledge and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons . Nobel Committee Chair Berit Reiss - Andersen described ICAN 's work as having `` brought the debate forward by focusing so heavily on the humanitarian consequences of using nuclear arms . '' The Peace Prize announcement came in the midst of the 2017 North Korea crisis , uncertainty over certification of Iran 's compliance with the 2015 accord that limits Iran 's nuclear program , the Doomsday Clock assessment in January 2017 of the highest threat of nuclear war since 1953 , heightened rhetoric between Indian and Pakistani military officials to target each other and retaliate with the early use nuclear weapons , Russia 's strategic doctrine calling for early use of nuclear weapons against any `` major NATO assault '' on its territory , and opposition by nuclear powers to the nuclear ban treaty and its ratification . In a telephone interview immediately after the announcement , ICAN Executive Director Beatrice Fihn said that , the Cold War being long over , possession and use of weapons of mass destruction `` is no longer acceptable '' in the 21st century . In a formal statement , ICAN called the 2017 prize a tribute to `` the tireless efforts of many millions of campaigners and concerned citizens worldwide who , ever since the dawn of the atomic age , have loudly protested nuclear weapons '' and to `` the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki -- the hibakusha -- and victims of nuclear test explosions '' . Holding a press conference at UN Headquarters , in New York , the ICAN executive director said that disarmament campaign efforts of a `` new generation , '' of `` people who grew up after the Cold War and do n't understand why we still have the ( nuclear ) weapons , '' were in effect also being recognized by the award . Nominations for the prize numbered 318 , including 215 individuals and 103 organizations , second highest to the record 376 nominations considered in 2016 . Though the Nobel Committee does not release names being considered for 50 years , reportedly they included : Tong Jen and Onodera Toshitaki seeking justice for Chinese victims of wartime atrocities during World War II ; organizers Iran Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif and EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini of the 2015 Iran Deal negotiations ; UNHCR and High Commissioner Filippo Grandi for their work on the rights and dignity of refugees ; Turkish journalists Cumhuriyet and Can Dündar ; The Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) for their work securing Gambia 's political transition ; and the humanitarian White Helmets , also known as the Syrian Civil Defense , and Raed al Saleh . Congratulatory reactions ( edit ) Congratulatory messages in the days following the award announcement came from individual disarmament supporters as well as ICAN coalition organizations , other civil society groups , public figures , governments and the United Nations , including : survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings ( hibakusha ) , The ATOM Project , Peace Boat , Nuclear Threat Initiative , Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament , Women 's International League for Peace and Freedom , Human Rights Watch , Oxfam , Ploughshares Fund , Stockholm International Peace Research Institute , Germany , EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini , UK Green Party co-leader Caroline Lucas , Austria , Canada 's New Democratic Party Critic for Foreign Affairs Hélène Laverdière , Mexico , and Nigeria . Twenty - three countries included congratulatory remarks in their statements at the UN General Assembly First Committee on Disarmament and International Security , including Sweden and New Zealand . Pugwash President Sergio Duarte wrote that the award designation reflects `` growing public recognition '' of banning nuclear weapons as part of the international humanitarian norm to abolish weapons of mass destruction , citing examples of the abolition of bacteriological weapons in the 1970s and chemical weapons in the 1990s . He also called on State parties to make further progress at the UN High Level Conference on Nuclear Disarmament slated for 2018 , noting the role of civil society organizations such as ICAN in supporting such multilateral disarmament processes . UN Secretary - General António Guterres relayed in a press statement that the award `` recognizes the determined efforts of civil society to highlight the unconscionable humanitarian and environmental consequences that would result if they ( nuclear weapons ) were ever used again , '' noting that the first UN General Assembly resolution , in 1946 , had `` established the goal of ridding the world of nuclear weapons and all weapons of mass destruction . '' The UN 's top disarmament official Izumi Nakamitsu in a statement said that the 2017 Peace Prize `` recognizes once again the vital and indispensable role of civil society in advancing our common aspirations peace , security and a world free of nuclear weapons . '' Former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev in a statement said the award designation was `` a very good decision '' and signified that `` a world without nuclear weapons -- there can not be any other goal ! '' , also recalling a joint statement with then US President Ronald Reagan at the 1986 Reykjavik Summit that `` a nuclear war can not be won and must never be fought . '' Welcoming the implications of the Peace Prize announcement in an interview with RT , `` whistleblower '' William McNeilly defended his Wikileaked report in 2015 that claimed Trident nuclear programme safety and security failures and that sparked nuclear - deterrent debates in the UK the same year . New Zealand 's Green Party Spokesperson for Social Development , MP Jan Logie , said that `` Our Pacific Ocean and its peoples have suffered the terrible effects of nuclear explosions and today we acknowledge the survivors of nuclear weapons use and testing . This Nobel Prize honours them . '' Aging survivors of the 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings , known as hibakusha , have long campaigned to abolish nuclear weapons , often recounting the horrific suffering they endured and from which many more died . At gatherings to watch the broadcast Peace Prize announcement and in other press interviews , their reactions included : Toshiyuki Mimaki , 75 , of the Hiroshima Prefectural Confederation of A-Bomb Sufferers Organizations : `` The young people 's activities have been recognized . '' Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors Council members , with a photograph of Sumiteru Taniguchi , who died in August 2017 at the age of 88 , said it gave them new motivation to continue their work . Terumi Tanaka , former secretary - general of Nihon Hidankyo : `` We told the world about the inhumanity ( of nuclear weapons ) . We laid the foundations for ICAN to do its work . '' Toshiki Fujimori , assistant secretary - general of the group , expressed hope that the award would `` speed up the flow of countries joining the treaty . '' Peace Boat founder Tatsuya Yoshioka said the award `` has the same value as if it were given to every hibakusha . '' Separately , the older brother of iconic Sadako Sasaki said he felt a sense of pride . Masahiro Sasaki , 76 : `` It 's wonderful that these low - profile , often unseen activities have been recognized . '' Sunao Tsuboi , 92 : `` Together with ICAN and many other people , we hibakusha will continue to seek a world without nuclear weapons as long as our lives last . '' Shigemitsu Tanaka , head of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors Council : `` We want to take great delight as it helped build up a treaty banning nuclear weapons . We want to work together so that the nuclear disarmament treaty can be signed as soon as possible . '' Speaking at Bowling Green University with fellow Hiroshima bombing survivor Keiko Ogura , who founded Hiroshima Interpreters for Peace , Setsuko Thurlow likened ICAN 's work to other social movements eventually embraced by nations , saying `` it is our moral imperative to abolish nuclear weapons '' and that the Peace Prize for ICAN `` represents a break from the typical state perspective . '' Supporters from faith communities issued congratulatory statements , including : the Dalai Lama , Daisaku Ikeda , Father Shay Cullen , the Holy See , Pax Christi International , and the World Council of Churches . Critical reactions ( edit ) While the majority of reactions from the international community hailed the Nobel Committee 's decision , other reactions were critical about the announcement 's implications . NATO Secretary - General Jens Stoltenberg said that NATO has in common with ICAN the goal of `` preserving peace and creating the conditions for a world without nuclear weapons '' and welcomes the attention drawn by the award announcement to nuclear non-proliferation issues , but that the nuclear ban treaty supported by ICAN `` risks undermining the progress we have made over the years , '' citing the existence of nuclear arms as the reason to maintain nuclear arsenals and for NATO remaining a nuclear alliance since the Cold War . In a press release Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg praised ICAN for promoting their common goal of a world free of nuclear weapons but reiterated that Norway will not sign the ban treaty , echoing NATO 's stance . Similarly , spokesperson Dmitry Peskov told reporters that the Kremlin believes the award decision should be respected and that Russia as a member of the nuclear club both supports nuclear non-proliferation and maintains its position expressed by President Vladimir Putin that `` there is no alternative to nuclear parity '' in global security measures . The government of Australia as of October 9 , 2017 did not comment on the award designation but , through its spokesperson , acknowledged `` the commitment of ICAN and its supporters to promoting awareness of the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons '' and restated the government 's position that `` so long as the threat of nuclear attack exists , US extended deterrence will serve Australia 's fundamental national security interests . '' The USA reacted by saying in its statement that the award announcement `` does not change the U.S. position on the treaty '' which in its view `` risks undermining existing efforts to address global proliferation and security challenges , '' and that `` no state possessing nuclear weapons or which depends upon such weapons for its security supports '' the ban treaty . When asked to clarify whether Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau wanted to congratulate ICAN , the prime minister 's office did not respond , though in a June 2017 statement Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland 's press secretary said that `` Canada remains firmly committed to concrete steps towards global nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation . '' Commentaries ( edit ) The Economist questioned the appropriateness of ICAN 's winning of the prize , arguing it was doubtful their nuclear - ban treaty effort would do anything to advance global peace due to its rejection by the world 's nuclear powers . Award funding ( edit ) On October 20 , 2017 , Euronews reported that , through research with German broadcaster ZDF into Nobel Prize Foundation index funds investments , German campaign group Facing Finance had determined that the Peace Prize award was funded in part by Foundation investments in companies contributing to nuclear weapons programs , including Textron , Lockheed Martin and Raytheon , and urged ICAN not to accept the 9 million SEK award money . According to Agence France - Presse , the head of the Nobel Institute Olav Njolstad was confronted on October 26 , 2017 with the revelation confirmed by environmental group The Future in Our Hands , and Foundation director Lars Heikensten said the following day that `` ( a ) t the latest , by March next year ( 2018 ) we will have no investment in anything that is connected with any kind of production which is classified as connected with nuclear weapons . '' Award ceremony ( edit ) A day ahead of the December 10th award ceremony at Oslo City Hall , ICAN installed outside the Norwegian Parliament building 1,000 red and blue paper cranes made by children in Hiroshima . Past award recognition of disarmament efforts ( edit ) After the first wartime use of nuclear weapons , in 1946 , the Peace Prize began to recognize nuclear disarmament efforts : ( 1959 ) Philip Noel - Baker ( 1962 ) Linus Pauling ( 1974 ) Eisaku Satō ( 1982 ) Alva Myrdal and Alfonso Garcia Robles ( 1985 ) International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ( 1990 ) Mikhail Gorbachev ( 1995 ) Joseph Rotblat and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs ( 2005 ) International Atomic Energy Agency and Mohamed ElBaradei In the award presentation speech on December 10 , 2017 , Nobel Committee Chair Berit Reiss - Andersen recalled that `` twelve Peace Prizes have been awarded , in whole or in part , '' to honor `` efforts against the proliferation of nuclear weapons and for nuclear disarmament , '' and included 2009 Nobelist Barack Obama . See also ( edit ) Concerns about nuclear weapons Humanitarian Initiative Nobel Prize controversies Nuclear disarmament Nuclear holocaust Nuclear weapons debate Nuclear weapons in popular culture Public opinion on nuclear issues References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Peace Prize 2017 '' . www.nobelprize.org . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 06 . ^ Jump up to : Gladstone , Rick ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel Peace Prize Goes to Group Opposing Nuclear Weapons '' . The New York Times . Retrieved October 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Anti-nuclear weapon campaigner ICAN receives 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' . Xinhuanet . December 11 , 2017 . Retrieved December 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` About ICAN : Partner organizations '' . ICAN . October 19 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 19 , 2017 . Retrieved October 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Peace Prize 2017 - Prize Announcement '' . Nobel AB Media 2014 . October 12 , 2017 . Retrieved October 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Adomaitis , Nerijus ; Miles , John ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel Peace Prize goes to group dedicated to abolishing nuclear weapons '' . Business Insider . Retrieved October 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ John , Tara ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` 5 Reasons Why ICAN Won the Nobel Peace Prize '' . Time magazine . Retrieved October 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ICAN : consigning the atomic bomb to history '' . The Hindu . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Patrick Galey / AFP ( October 2 , 2017 ) . `` The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to ICAN , a group working for nuclear disarmament '' . PRI . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons receives the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' . Deutsche Welle ( DW ) . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ AFP - JiJi , Reuters , Kyodo , AP ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Anti-nuclear campaign ICAN awarded Nobel Peace Prize '' . The Japan Times . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Cunningham , Melissa ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel peace prize awarded to Melbourne - born International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons '' . The Age ( Australia ) . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Anthony , Ted ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel says to Korea nuke players : We are watching '' . The Times of Israel . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Mitra , Arun ( October 9 , 2017 ) . `` Staving off nuclear weapons '' . Millennium Post ( India ) . Retrieved October 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Michael T. Klare ( October 12 , 2017 ) . `` ICAN Drops the Bomb on Nuclear Weapons '' . The Nation ( US ) . Retrieved October 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Fihn , Beatrice ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ( ICAN ) -- Interview '' ( Interview ) . Interview with Adam Smith , Chief Scientific Officer of Nobel Media . Nobel Media AB 2017 . Retrieved October 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Statement on Nobel Peace Prize 2017 '' . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Nobel peace prize is tribute to anti-nuclear campaigners , says Ican director -- video '' . The Guardian . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` UN Treaty ' beginning of the end for nuclear weapons , ' say Nobel Peace Prize winners '' . UN News Centre . October 9 , 2017 . Retrieved October 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ NBC News ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` 2017 Nobel Peace Prize Awarded to International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons '' . MSN News . Retrieved October 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Wijnen , Pieter ( March 3 , 2017 ) . `` Nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2017 '' . Norway Today . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Chinese and Japanese wartime justice seekers co-nominated for 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' . China Daily . March 23 , 2017 . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Nobel Peace Prize 2017 : PRIO Director 's Shortlist '' . PRIO . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Anti-nuclear weapons group wins 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' . Al Jazeera . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Perrigo , Billy ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` How the World is Reacting to ICAN Winning the Nobel Peace Prize '' . Time magazine . Retrieved October 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ICAN wins Nobel Peace Prize '' . Oxfam International . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Henley , John ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel peace prize 2017 : International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons wins award -- as it happened '' . The Guardian ( UK ) . Retrieved October 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ AFP ( Agence France - Presse ) ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Japan A-bomb survivors hail ICAN Nobel Peace Prize win '' . France24 . Retrieved October 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` International Campaign To Abolish Nuclear Weapons Receives The 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' . AsianMirror . October 7 , 2017 . Retrieved October 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` For a world without nuclear weapons '' . The Press and Information Office of the Federal Government of Germany . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` NTI Congratulates 2017 Nobel Peace Prize Winner ICAN '' . Nuclear Threat Initiative . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Gallhofer , George - Wilhelm ( October 12 , 2017 ) . Statement by Austria ( Speech ) . 72nd UNGA - First Committee ; Nuclear Weapons Cluster ( 12th Meeting ) . New York ( UN HQ ) : Permanent Mission of Austria to the United Nations , New York . Retrieved October 14 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Nigeria Congratulates ICANW On The Award 2017 Nobel Peace Prize , Calls For A Nuclear Free World '' . ARM ( African Ripples Magazine ) . October 13 , 2017 . Retrieved October 14 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ( ICAN ) Has Been Awarded the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' . Women 's International League for Peace and Freedom . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` NDP statement on ICAN being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize '' . New Democratic Party of Canada ( NDP ) . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Mexico Congratulates the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons '' ( Press release ) . gob.mx ( Government of Mexico ) . Retrieved October 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Dearie , James ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Organization working to abolish nuclear weapons awarded Nobel Peace Prize '' . National Catholic Reporter . Retrieved October 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Omirgazy , Dana ( October 10 , 2017 ) . `` ATOM Project Honorary Ambassador congratulates ICAN for Nobel Prize win '' . The Astana Times ( Kazakhstan ) . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Ploughshares Fund ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Grantee ICAN awarded Nobel Peace Prize '' . Ploughshares Fund . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Smith , Marie - Danielle ( October 26 , 2017 ) . `` ' Astonishing ' : Justin Trudeau criticized for not congratulating Nobel Peace Prize winners , keeping Canada out of nuclear treaty '' . The National Post . Retrieved October 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Nobel Peace Prize for ICAN Significant for Nuclear Disarmament '' . IDN / InDepthNews . October 8 , 2017 . Retrieved October 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Spokesman for UN Secretary - General António Guterres ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Secretary - General Applauds International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons on Winning Nobel Peace Prize , Hailing Determined Efforts of Civil Society '' ( Press release ) . United Nations . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 10 . Jump up ^ `` Statement by the High Representative for Disarmament Affairs on the awarding of the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons '' ( pdf ) . UNODA . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Serebryakov , Dmitry ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Ex-Soviet leader Gorbachev welcomes decision to award Nobel Peace Prize to ICAN '' . Tass . Retrieved October 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Trident nuclear weapons whistleblower McNeilly welcomes ICAN Nobel Peace Prize win '' . RT International . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 11 . Jump up ^ Soussi , Alasdair . `` Whistleblower reignites UK 's nuclear - deterrent debate '' . www.aljazeera.com . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 11 . Jump up ^ reporter , Libby Brooks Scotland ( 2015 - 05 - 21 ) . `` SNP secures Westminster debate on Trident safety '' . The Guardian . ISSN 0261 - 3077 . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 11 . Jump up ^ Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand ( October 7 , 2017 ) . `` Greens candidate was key player in anti-nuclear campaign '' . Wellington Scoop ( New Zealand ) . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ AFP - Jiji , Reuters , Kyodo , AP . `` Anti-nuclear campaign ICAN awarded Nobel Peace Prize '' . The Japan Times . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Kyodo ( October 7 , 2017 ) . `` A-bomb survivors hail ICAN 's 2017 Nobel Peace Prize win '' . Japan Times . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ LaPointe , Roger ( October 19 , 2017 ) . `` From horror , the hope for peace : Hiroshima survivors share their stories at BGSU '' . Sentinel - Tribune ( Bowling Green , Ohio , US ) . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Monlam , Tenzin ( October 7 , 2017 ) . `` Dalai Lama congratulates ICAN on winning 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' . Phayul.com . Retrieved November 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Anderson , Joan ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` ICAN Nobel Peace Prize marks new phase in quest to rid world of nuclear weapons : President of SGI Buddhist association applauds award '' ( Press release ) . Religion News Service . Retrieved October 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Flanagan , Eimear ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel Peace Prize : Irish priest nominee praises Ican '' . BBC News . Retrieved October 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Bernardito Auza ( October 10 , 2017 ) . Statement of H.E. Archbishop Bernardito Auza ( PDF ) ( Speech ) . General Debate of the First Committee of the United Nations General Assembly . New York . Retrieved November 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Martinez , Alice Kooij ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Pax Christi International congratulates ICAN on the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' ( Press release ) . Brussels : Pax Christi International . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` WCC congratulates Nobel Peace Prize laureate ICAN '' . WCC . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Herszenhorn , David M ( October 8 , 2017 ) ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` NATO chief criticizes treaty pushed by Nobel Peace Prize winner '' . Politico . Retrieved October 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Office of the Prime Minister ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Prime Minister Solberg congratulates ICAN on Nobel Peace Prize '' ( Press release ) . Government of Norway . Retrieved October 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kremlin : We Are ' Not Upset ' Over Nobel Peace Prize Not Being Awarded to Putin '' . Sputnik ( news agency ) . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ AFP ( Agence - France Presse ) ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` Anti-nuclear campaign ICAN wins Nobel Peace Prize '' . The Nation ( Pakistan ) . Retrieved October 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Esposito , Brad ( October 9 , 2017 ) . `` Australia 's Nobel Peace Prize Winners Expected A Little More Love From The PM '' . BuzzFeedNews . Retrieved October 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Latest : US : Nobel Peace Choice Does n't Change US Stance '' . The Associated Press . October 6 , 2017 . Retrieved October 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` This year 's Nobel peace prize rewards a nice but pointless idea '' . The Economist. 6 October 2017 . Jump up ^ EuroNews ( October 20 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel Peace Prize ' invests in nuclear weapon companies ' '' . EuroNews . Retrieved October 20 , 2017 . Jump up ^ AFP / ec ( October 28 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel prize money will no longer be ' invested ' in nuclear weapons '' . ChannelNewsAsia ( Singapore ) . Retrieved October 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ AFP ( October 27 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel prize money will no longer be ' invested ' in nuclear weapons '' . France 24 . Retrieved November 1 , 2017 . Jump up ^ David Keyton , AP ( December 9 , 2017 ) . `` Nobel Laureate : if Atomic Bombs Exist , Disaster Inevitable '' . U.S. News & World Report . Retrieved December 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Waxman , Olivia B ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` The Long Nuclear History Behind the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' . Time . Retrieved October 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` All Nobel Peace Prizes '' . Nobel Media AB . Retrieved October 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Domonoske , Camila ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` International Campaign To Abolish Nuclear Weapons Wins 2017 Nobel Peace Prize '' . National Public Radio ( NPR ) . Retrieved October 9 , 2017 . Advancing disarmament and arms control is one of the central criteria for awarding the Peace Prize , along with the promotion of peace talks and the `` promotion of fraternity between nations . '' Jump up ^ Reiss - Andersen , Berit ( December 10 , 2017 ) . Award Ceremony Speech ( Speech ) . 2017 Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony . Oslo City Hall : Nobel Media AB 2014 . Retrieved December 12 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Award Presentation Speech by Berit Reiss - Andersen , Chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee ( in English ) Nobel Lecture , delivered by Beatrice Fihn and Setsuko Thurlow ( in English ) Nuclear weapons : In conversation with ICAN -- Al Jazeera interview with Rebecca Johnson , founding co-chair of ICAN and member of the organization 's International Steering Group , December 9 , 2017 Nobel Peace Prize General topics Laureates Committee ( members ) Institute Center Concert Oslo Spektrum Oslo City Hall World Summit By year 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2017 Nobel Prize laureates Chemistry Jacques Dubochet ( Switzerland ) Joachim Frank ( Germany ) Richard Henderson ( United Kingdom ) Literature Kazuo Ishiguro ( United Kingdom ) Peace ( 2017 ) International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ( Switzerland ) Physics Rainer Weiss ( United States ) Barry Barish ( United States ) Kip Thorne ( United States ) Physiology or Medicine Jeffrey C. Hall ( United States ) Michael Rosbash ( United States ) Michael W. Young ( United States ) Economic Sciences Richard Thaler ( United States ) Nobel Prize recipients 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Laureates of the Nobel Peace Prize 1901 -- 1925 1901 Henry Dunant / Frédéric Passy 1902 Élie Ducommun / Charles Gobat 1903 Randal Cremer 1904 Institut de Droit International 1905 Bertha von Suttner 1906 Theodore Roosevelt 1907 Ernesto Moneta / Louis Renault 1908 Klas Arnoldson / Fredrik Bajer 1909 A.M.F. Beernaert / Paul Estournelles de Constant 1910 International Peace Bureau 1911 Tobias Asser / Alfred Fried 1912 Elihu Root 1913 Henri La Fontaine 1914 1915 1916 1917 International Committee of the Red Cross 1918 1919 Woodrow Wilson 1920 Léon Bourgeois 1921 Hjalmar Branting / Christian Lange 1922 Fridtjof Nansen 1923 1924 1925 Austen Chamberlain / Charles Dawes 1926 -- 1950 1926 Aristide Briand / Gustav Stresemann 1927 Ferdinand Buisson / Ludwig Quidde 1928 1929 Frank B. Kellogg 1930 Nathan Söderblom 1931 Jane Addams / Nicholas Butler 1932 1933 Norman Angell 1934 Arthur Henderson 1935 Carl von Ossietzky 1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas 1937 Robert Cecil 1938 Nansen International Office for Refugees 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 International Committee of the Red Cross 1945 Cordell Hull 1946 Emily Balch / John Mott 1947 Friends Service Council / American Friends Service Committee 1948 1949 John Boyd Orr 1950 Ralph Bunche 1951 -- 1975 1951 Léon Jouhaux 1952 Albert Schweitzer 1953 George Marshall 1954 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1955 1956 1957 Lester B. Pearson 1958 Georges Pire 1959 Philip Noel - Baker 1960 Albert Lutuli 1961 Dag Hammarskjöld 1962 Linus Pauling 1963 International Committee of the Red Cross / League of Red Cross Societies 1964 Martin Luther King Jr . 1965 UNICEF 1966 1967 1968 René Cassin 1969 International Labour Organization 1970 Norman Borlaug 1971 Willy Brandt 1972 1973 Lê Đức Thọ ( declined award ) / Henry Kissinger 1974 Seán MacBride / Eisaku Satō 1975 Andrei Sakharov 1976 -- 2000 1976 Betty Williams / Mairead Corrigan 1977 Amnesty International 1978 Anwar Sadat / Menachem Begin 1979 Mother Teresa 1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 1981 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1982 Alva Myrdal / Alfonso García Robles 1983 Lech Wałęsa 1984 Desmond Tutu 1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 1986 Elie Wiesel 1987 Óscar Arias 1988 UN Peacekeeping Forces 1989 Tenzin Gyatso ( 14th Dalai Lama ) 1990 Mikhail Gorbachev 1991 Aung San Suu Kyi 1992 Rigoberta Menchú 1993 Nelson Mandela / F.W. de Klerk 1994 Shimon Peres / Yitzhak Rabin / Yasser Arafat 1995 Pugwash Conferences / Joseph Rotblat 1996 Carlos Belo / José Ramos - Horta 1997 International Campaign to Ban Landmines / Jody Williams 1998 John Hume / David Trimble 1999 Médecins Sans Frontières 2000 Kim Dae - jung 2001 -- present 2001 United Nations / Kofi Annan 2002 Jimmy Carter 2003 Shirin Ebadi 2004 Wangari Maathai 2005 International Atomic Energy Agency / Mohamed ElBaradei 2006 Grameen Bank / Muhammad Yunus 2007 Al Gore / Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2008 Martti Ahtisaari 2009 Barack Obama 2010 Liu Xiaobo 2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf / Leymah Gbowee / Tawakkol Karman 2012 European Union 2013 Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons 2014 Kailash Satyarthi / Malala Yousafzai 2015 Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet 2016 Juan Manuel Santos 2017 International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize&oldid=835623218 '' Categories : 2017 awards Nobel Peace Prize 2017 in Switzerland 2017 in Norway Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 9 April 2018 , at 20 : 14 . 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Question: who won the nobel peace prize for 2017

the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)


Boston tea Party - wikipedia Boston tea Party Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Boston Tea Party ( disambiguation ) . Coordinates : 42 ° 21 ′ 13 '' N 71 ° 03 ′ 09 '' W  /  42.3536 ° N 71.0524 ° W  / 42.3536 ; - 71.0524  ( Boston Tea Party ) Boston Tea Party Part of the American Revolution Source : W.D. Cooper . `` Boston Tea Party . '' , The History of North America . London : E. Newberry , 1789 . Engraving . Plate opposite p. 58 . Rare Book and Special Collections Division , Library of Congress ( 40 ) Date December 16 , 1773 Location Boston , Province of Massachusetts Bay Caused by Tea Act Goals To protest British Parliament 's tax on tea . `` No taxation without representation . '' Methods Throw the tea into Boston Harbor Resulted in Intolerable Acts Parties to the civil conflict Thirteen Colonies People of Boston Great Britain East India Company Parliament Lead figures Samuel Adams Paul Revere William Molineux and other `` Sons of Liberty '' ... N / A This article is part of a series about the American Revolution 1765 -- 1783 Origins ( show ) Sugar Act Currency Act Quartering Acts Stamp Act 1765 Declaratory Act No taxation without representation Townshend Acts Tea Act Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Revolutionary War ( show ) Continental Army Continental Navy Minutemen Battles Intelligence Treaty of Paris Costs Declaration of Independence ( show ) Continental Congress Committee of Five Lee Resolution Articles of Confederation United States Constitution ( show ) Philadelphia Convention Annapolis Convention The Federalist Papers Bill of Rights A New Republic ( show ) Republicanism American Enlightenment Liberalism First Great Awakening Role of Women Legacy ( show ) Atlantic Revolutions Bicentennial The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston , Massachusetts , on December 16 , 1773 . In defiance of the Tea Act of May 10 , 1773 the demonstrators , some disguised as Native Americans , destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company . They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor . The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution . The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history , and since then other political protests such as the Tea Party movement have referred to themselves as historical successors to the Boston protest of 1773 . The Tea Party was the culmination of a resistance movement throughout British America against the Tea Act , which had been passed by the British Parliament in 1773 . Colonists objected to the Tea Act because they believed that it violated their rights as Englishmen to `` No taxation without representation '' , that is , to be taxed only by their own elected representatives and not by a British parliament in which they were not represented . In addition , the well - connected East India Company had been granted competitive advantages over colonial tea importers , who resented the move and feared additional infringement on their business . Protesters had successfully prevented the unloading of taxed tea in three other colonies , but in Boston , embattled Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused to allow the tea to be returned to Britain . The Boston Tea Party was a significant event in the growth of the American Revolution . Parliament responded in 1774 with the Coercive Acts , or Intolerable Acts , which , among other provisions , ended local self - government in Massachusetts and closed Boston 's commerce . Colonists up and down the Thirteen Colonies in turn responded to the Coercive Acts with additional acts of protest , and by convening the First Continental Congress , which petitioned the British monarch for repeal of the acts and coordinated colonial resistance to them . The crisis escalated , and the American Revolutionary War began near Boston in 1775 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 1.1 Tea trade to 1767 1.2 Townshend duty crisis 2 Tea Act of 1773 3 Resisting the Tea Act 4 Standoff in Boston 5 Destruction of the tea 6 Reaction 7 Legacy 7.1 Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum 7.2 Participants 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Background The Boston Tea Party arose from two issues confronting the British Empire in 1765 : the financial problems of the British East India Company ; and an ongoing dispute about the extent of Parliament 's authority , if any , over the British American colonies without seating any elected representation . The North Ministry 's attempt to resolve these issues produced a showdown that would eventually result in revolution . Tea trade to 1767 As Europeans developed a taste for tea in the 17th century , rival companies were formed to import the product from China . In England , Parliament gave the East India Company a monopoly on the importation of tea in 1698 . When tea became popular in the British colonies , Parliament sought to eliminate foreign competition by passing an act in 1721 that required colonists to import their tea only from Great Britain . The East India Company did not export tea to the colonies ; by law , the company was required to sell its tea wholesale at auctions in England . British firms bought this tea and exported it to the colonies , where they resold it to merchants in Boston , New York , Philadelphia , and Charleston . Until 1767 , the East India Company paid an ad valorem tax of about 25 % on tea that it imported into Great Britain . Parliament laid additional taxes on tea sold for consumption in Britain . These high taxes , combined with the fact that tea imported into the Dutch Republic was not taxed by the Dutch government , meant that Britons and British Americans could buy smuggled Dutch tea at much cheaper prices . The biggest market for illicit tea was England -- by the 1760s the East India Company was losing £ 400,000 per year to smugglers in Great Britain -- but Dutch tea was also smuggled into British America in significant quantities . In 1767 , to help the East India Company compete with smuggled Dutch tea , Parliament passed the Indemnity Act , which lowered the tax on tea consumed in Great Britain , and gave the East India Company a refund of the 25 % duty on tea that was re-exported to the colonies . To help offset this loss of government revenue , Parliament also passed the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767 , which levied new taxes , including one on tea , in the colonies . Instead of solving the smuggling problem , however , the Townshend duties renewed a controversy about Parliament 's right to tax the colonies . Townshend duty crisis For more details on this topic , see Townshend Acts . Controversy between Great Britain and the colonies arose in the 1760s when Parliament sought , for the first time , to impose a direct tax on the colonies for the purpose of raising revenue . Some colonists , known in the colonies as Whigs , objected to the new tax program , arguing that it was a violation of the British Constitution . Britons and British Americans agreed that , according to the constitution , British subjects could not be taxed without the consent of their elected representatives . In Great Britain , this meant that taxes could only be levied by Parliament . Colonists , however , did not elect members of Parliament , and so American Whigs argued that the colonies could not be taxed by that body . According to Whigs , colonists could only be taxed by their own colonial assemblies . Colonial protests resulted in the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766 , but in the 1766 Declaratory Act , Parliament continued to insist that it had the right to legislate for the colonies `` in all cases whatsoever '' . When new taxes were levied in the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767 , Whig colonists again responded with protests and boycotts . Merchants organized a non-importation agreement , and many colonists pledged to abstain from drinking British tea , with activists in New England promoting alternatives , such as domestic Labrador tea . Smuggling continued apace , especially in New York and Philadelphia , where tea smuggling had always been more extensive than in Boston . Dutied British tea continued to be imported into Boston , however , especially by Richard Clarke and the sons of Massachusetts Governor Thomas Hutchinson , until pressure from Massachusetts Whigs compelled them to abide by the non-importation agreement . Parliament finally responded to the protests by repealing the Townshend taxes in 1770 , except for the tea duty , which Prime Minister Lord North kept to assert `` the right of taxing the Americans '' . This partial repeal of the taxes was enough to bring an end to the non-importation movement by October 1770 . From 1771 to 1773 , British tea was once again imported into the colonies in significant amounts , with merchants paying the Townshend duty of three pence per pound . Boston was the largest colonial importer of legal tea ; smugglers still dominated the market in New York and Philadelphia . Tea Act of 1773 Main article : Tea Act This iconic 1846 lithograph by Nathaniel Currier was entitled `` The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor '' ; the phrase `` Boston Tea Party '' had not yet become standard . Contrary to Currier 's depiction , few of the men dumping the tea were actually disguised as Native Americans . The Indemnity Act of 1767 , which gave the East India Company a refund of the duty on tea that was re-exported to the colonies , expired in 1772 . Parliament passed a new act in 1772 that reduced this refund , effectively leaving a 10 % duty on tea imported into Britain . The act also restored the tea taxes within Britain that had been repealed in 1767 , and left in place the three pence Townshend duty in the colonies . With this new tax burden driving up the price of British tea , sales plummeted . The company continued to import tea into Great Britain , however , amassing a huge surplus of product that no one would buy . For these and other reasons , by late 1772 the East India Company , one of Britain 's most important commercial institutions , was in a serious financial crisis . The severe famine in Bengal from 1769 to 1773 had drastically reduced the revenue of the East India Company from India bringing the Company to the verge of bankruptcy and the Tea Act of 1773 was enacted to help the East India Company . Eliminating some of the taxes was one obvious solution to the crisis . The East India Company initially sought to have the Townshend duty repealed , but the North ministry was unwilling because such an action might be interpreted as a retreat from Parliament 's position that it had the right to tax the colonies . More importantly , the tax collected from the Townshend duty was used to pay the salaries of some colonial governors and judges . This was in fact the purpose of the Townshend tax : previously these officials had been paid by the colonial assemblies , but Parliament now paid their salaries to keep them dependent on the British government rather than allowing them to be accountable to the colonists . Another possible solution for reducing the growing mound of tea in the East India Company warehouses was to sell it cheaply in Europe . This possibility was investigated , but it was determined that the tea would simply be smuggled back into Great Britain , where it would undersell the taxed product . The best market for the East India Company 's surplus tea , so it seemed , was the American colonies , if a way could be found to make it cheaper than the smuggled Dutch tea . The North ministry 's solution was the Tea Act , which received the assent of King George on May 10 , 1773 . This act restored the East India Company 's full refund on the duty for importing tea into Britain , and also permitted the company , for the first time , to export tea to the colonies on its own account . This would allow the company to reduce costs by eliminating the middlemen who bought the tea at wholesale auctions in London . Instead of selling to middlemen , the company now appointed colonial merchants to receive the tea on consignment ; the consignees would in turn sell the tea for a commission . In July 1773 , tea consignees were selected in New York , Philadelphia , Boston , and Charleston . The Tea Act retained the three pence Townshend duty on tea imported to the colonies . Some members of Parliament wanted to eliminate this tax , arguing that there was no reason to provoke another colonial controversy . Former Chancellor of the Exchequer William Dowdeswell , for example , warned Lord North that the Americans would not accept the tea if the Townshend duty remained . But North did not want to give up the revenue from the Townshend tax , primarily because it was used to pay the salaries of colonial officials ; maintaining the right of taxing the Americans was a secondary concern . According to historian Benjamin Labaree , `` A stubborn Lord North had unwittingly hammered a nail in the coffin of the old British Empire . '' Even with the Townshend duty in effect , the Tea Act would allow the East India Company to sell tea more cheaply than before , undercutting the prices offered by smugglers , but also undercutting colonial tea importers , who paid the tax and received no refund . In 1772 , legally imported Bohea , the most common variety of tea , sold for about 3 shillings ( 3s ) per pound . After the Tea Act , colonial consignees would be able to sell it for 2 shillings per pound ( 2s ) , just under the smugglers ' price of 2 shillings and 1 penny ( 2s 1d ) . Realizing that the payment of the Townshend duty was politically sensitive , the company hoped to conceal the tax by making arrangements to have it paid either in London once the tea was landed in the colonies , or have the consignees quietly pay the duties after the tea was sold . This effort to hide the tax from the colonists was unsuccessful . Resisting the tea Act This 1775 British cartoon , `` A Society of Patriotic Ladies at Edenton in North Carolina '' , satirizes the Edenton Tea Party , a group of women who organized a boycott of English tea . Statue of Samuel Adams ( with marathon bib number ) outside the Boston Tea Party Ship and Museum in Boston In September and October 1773 , seven ships carrying East India Company tea were sent to the colonies : four were bound for Boston , and one each for New York , Philadelphia , and Charleston . In the ships were more than 2,000 chests containing nearly 600,000 pounds of tea . Americans learned the details of the Tea Act while the ships were en route , and opposition began to mount . Whigs , sometimes calling themselves Sons of Liberty , began a campaign to raise awareness and to convince or compel the consignees to resign , in the same way that stamp distributors had been forced to resign in the 1765 Stamp Act crisis . The protest movement that culminated with the Boston Tea Party was not a dispute about high taxes . The price of legally imported tea was actually reduced by the Tea Act of 1773 . Protesters were instead concerned with a variety of other issues . The familiar `` no taxation without representation '' argument , along with the question of the extent of Parliament 's authority in the colonies , remained prominent . Samuel Adams considered the British tea monopoly to be `` equal to a tax '' and to raise the same representation issue whether or not a tax was applied to it . Some regarded the purpose of the tax program -- to make leading officials independent of colonial influence -- as a dangerous infringement of colonial rights . This was especially true in Massachusetts , the only colony where the Townshend program had been fully implemented . Colonial merchants , some of them smugglers , played a significant role in the protests . Because the Tea Act made legally imported tea cheaper , it threatened to put smugglers of Dutch tea out of business . Legitimate tea importers who had not been named as consignees by the East India Company were also threatened with financial ruin by the Tea Act . Another major concern for merchants was that the Tea Act gave the East India Company a monopoly on the tea trade , and it was feared that this government - created monopoly might be extended in the future to include other goods . South of Boston , protesters successfully compelled the tea consignees to resign . In Charleston , the consignees had been forced to resign by early December , and the unclaimed tea was seized by customs officials . There were mass protest meetings in Philadelphia . Benjamin Rush urged his fellow countrymen to oppose the landing of the tea , because the cargo contained `` the seeds of slavery '' . By early December , the Philadelphia consignees had resigned and the tea ship returned to England with its cargo following a confrontation with the ship 's captain . The tea ship bound for New York City was delayed by bad weather ; by the time it arrived , the consignees had resigned , and the ship returned to England with the tea . Standoff in Boston In every colony except Massachusetts , protesters were able to force the tea consignees to resign or to return the tea to England . In Boston , however , Governor Hutchinson was determined to hold his ground . He convinced the tea consignees , two of whom were his sons , not to back down . This notice from the `` Chairman of the Committee for Tarring and Feathering '' in Boston denounced the tea consignees as `` traitors to their country '' . When the tea ship Dartmouth , arrived in the Boston Harbor in late November , Whig leader Samuel Adams called for a mass meeting to be held at Faneuil Hall on November 29 , 1773 . Thousands of people arrived , so many that the meeting was moved to the larger Old South Meeting House . British law required Dartmouth to unload and pay the duties within twenty days or customs officials could confiscate the cargo ( ie unload it onto American soil ) . The mass meeting passed a resolution , introduced by Adams and based on a similar set of resolutions promulgated earlier in Philadelphia , urging the captain of Dartmouth to send the ship back without paying the import duty . Meanwhile , the meeting assigned twenty - five men to watch the ship and prevent the tea -- including a number of chests from Davison , Newman and Co. of London -- from being unloaded . Governor Hutchinson refused to grant permission for Dartmouth to leave without paying the duty . Two more tea ships , Eleanor and Beaver , arrived in Boston Harbor ( there was another tea ship headed for Boston , William , but it encountered a storm and put aground at Cape Code - where the tea cargo was successfully landed - before it could reach its destination ) . On December 16 -- the last day of Dartmouth 's deadline -- about 7,000 people had gathered around the Old South Meeting House . After receiving a report that Governor Hutchinson had again refused to let the ships leave , Adams announced that `` This meeting can do nothing further to save the country . '' According to a popular story , Adams 's statement was a prearranged signal for the `` tea party '' to begin . However , this claim did not appear in print until nearly a century after the event , in a biography of Adams written by his great - grandson , who apparently misinterpreted the evidence . According to eyewitness accounts , people did not leave the meeting until ten or fifteen minutes after Adams 's alleged `` signal '' , and Adams in fact tried to stop people from leaving because the meeting was not yet over . Destruction of the tea 1789 engraving of the destruction of the tea While Samuel Adams tried to reassert control of the meeting , people poured out of the Old South Meeting House to prepare to take action . In some cases , this involved donning what may have been elaborately prepared Mohawk costumes . While disguising their individual faces was imperative , because of the illegality of their protest , dressing as Mohawk warriors was a specific and symbolic choice . It showed that the Sons of Liberty identified with America , over their official status as subjects of Great Britain . That evening , a group of 30 to 130 men , some dressed in the Mohawk warrior disguises , boarded the three vessels and , over the course of three hours , dumped all 342 chests of tea into the water . The precise location of the Griffin 's Wharf site of the Tea Party has been subject to prolonged uncertainty ; a comprehensive study places it near the foot of Hutchinson Street ( today 's Pearl Street ) . Reaction Whether or not Samuel Adams helped plan the Boston Tea Party is disputed , but he immediately worked to publicize and defend it . He argued that the Tea Party was not the act of a lawless mob , but was instead a principled protest and the only remaining option the people had to defend their constitutional rights . By `` constitution '' he referred to the idea that all governments have a constitution , written or not , and that the constitution of Great Britain could be interpreted as banning the levying of taxes without representation . For example , the Bill of Rights of 1689 established that long - term taxes could not be levied without Parliament , and other precedents said that Parliament must actually represent the people it ruled over , in order to `` count '' . Plaque affixed to side of the Independence Wharf building ( 2009 ) Governor Thomas Hutchinson had been urging London to take a hard line with the Sons of Liberty . If he had done what the other royal governors had done and let the ship owners and captains resolve the issue with the colonists , Dartmouth , Eleanor and Beaver would have left without unloading any tea . In Britain , even those politicians considered friends of the colonies were appalled and this act united all parties there against the colonies . The Prime Minister Lord North said , `` Whatever may be the consequence , we must risk something ; if we do not , all is over '' . The British government felt this action could not remain unpunished , and responded by closing the port of Boston and putting in place other laws known as the `` Coercive Acts . '' Benjamin Franklin stated that the destroyed tea must be paid for , all ninety thousand pounds ( which , at two shillings per pound , came to £ 9,000 , or £ 1.05 million ( 2014 , approx . $1.7 million US ) ) . Robert Murray , a New York merchant , went to Lord North with three other merchants and offered to pay for the losses , but the offer was turned down . The incident resulted in a similar effect in America when news of the Boston Tea Party reached London in January and Parliament responded with a series of acts known collectively in the colonies as the Intolerable Acts . These were intended to punish Boston for the destruction of private property , restore British authority in Massachusetts , and otherwise reform colonial government in America . Although the first two , the Boston Port Act and the Massachusetts Government Act , applied only to Massachusetts , colonists outside that colony feared that their governments could now also be changed by legislative fiat in England . The Intolerable Acts were viewed as a violation of constitutional rights , natural rights , and colonial charters , and united many colonists throughout America , exemplified by the calling of the First Continental Congress in September 1774 . A number of colonists were inspired by the Boston Tea Party to carry out similar acts , such as the burning of Peggy Stewart . The Boston Tea Party eventually proved to be one of the many reactions that led to the American Revolutionary War . In his December 17 , 1773 entry in his diary , John Adams wrote : Last Night 3 Cargoes of Bohea Tea were emptied into the Sea . This Morning a Man of War sails . This is the most magnificent Movement of all . There is a Dignity , a Majesty , a Sublimity , in this last Effort of the Patriots , that I greatly admire . The People should never rise , without doing something to be remembered -- something notable And striking . This Destruction of the Tea is so bold , so daring , so firm , intrepid and inflexible , and it must have so important Consequences , and so lasting , that I cant but consider it as an Epocha in History . There was a repeat performance on March 7 , 1774 , but it was much less destructive . In February 1775 , Britain passed the Conciliatory Resolution , which ended taxation for any colony that satisfactorily provided for the imperial defense and the upkeep of imperial officers . The tax on tea was repealed with the Taxation of Colonies Act 1778 , part of another Parliamentary attempt at conciliation that failed . Legacy The Boston Tea Party Museum in Fort Point Channel In 1973 the US Post Office issued a set of four stamps , together making one scene of the Boston Tea Party External video Booknotes interview with Alfred Young on The Shoemaker and the Tea Party , November 21 , 1999 , C - SPAN John Adams and many other Americans considered tea drinking to be unpatriotic following the Boston Tea Party . Tea drinking declined during and after the Revolution , resulting in a shift to coffee as the preferred hot drink . According to historian Alfred Young , the term `` Boston Tea Party '' did not appear in print until 1834 . Before that time , the event was usually referred to as the `` destruction of the tea '' . According to Young , American writers were for many years apparently reluctant to celebrate the destruction of property , and so the event was usually ignored in histories of the American Revolution . This began to change in the 1830s , however , especially with the publication of biographies of George Robert Twelves Hewes , one of the few still - living participants of the `` tea party '' , as it then became known . The issue was never the tax but how the tax was passed without American input ; United States Congress taxed tea from 1789 to 1872 . The Boston Tea Party has often been referenced in other political protests . When Mohandas K. Gandhi led a mass burning of Indian registration cards in South Africa in 1908 , a British newspaper compared the event to the Boston Tea Party . When Gandhi met with the British viceroy in 1930 after the Indian salt protest campaign , Gandhi took some duty - free salt from his shawl and said , with a smile , that the salt was `` to remind us of the famous Boston Tea Party . '' American activists from a variety of political viewpoints have invoked the Tea Party as a symbol of protest . In 1973 , on the 200th anniversary of the Tea Party , a mass meeting at Faneuil Hall called for the impeachment of President Richard Nixon and protested oil companies in the ongoing oil crisis . Afterwards , protesters boarded a replica ship in Boston Harbor , hanged Nixon in effigy , and dumped several empty oil drums into the harbor . In 1998 , two conservative US Congressmen put the federal tax code into a chest marked `` tea '' and dumped it into the harbor . In 2006 , a libertarian political party called the `` Boston Tea Party '' was founded . In 2007 , the Ron Paul `` Tea Party '' money bomb , held on the 234th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party , broke the one - day fund - raising record by raising $6.04 million in 24 hours . Subsequently , these fund - raising `` Tea parties '' grew into the Tea Party movement , which dominated politics for the next two years , culminating in a voter victory for the Republicans in 2010 who were widely elected to seats in the United States House of Representatives . Boston tea Party ships and museum The Boston Tea Party Museum is located on the Congress Street Bridge in Boston . It features reenactments , a documentary , and a number of interactive exhibits . The museum features two replica ships of the period , Eleanor and Beaver . Additionally , the museum possesses one of two known tea chests from the original event , part of its permanent collection . Participants Phineas Stearns See also Boston portal Timeline of United States revolutionary history ( 1760 -- 1789 ) Burning of the Peggy Stewart , 1774 Notes Jump up ^ Dartmouth had delivered whale oil to London and taken on the tea as return cargo Jump up ^ Benjamin L. Carp , Defiance of the Patriots : The Boston Tea Party and the Making of America ( 2010 ) ch. 1 Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 3 -- 4 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 90 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 90 ; Labaree , Tea Party , 7 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 8 -- 9 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 6 -- 8 ; Knollenberg , Growth , 91 ; Thomas , Townshend Duties , 18 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 6 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 59 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 6 -- 7 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 13 ; Thomas , Townshend Duties , 26 -- 27 . This kind of refund or rebate is known as a `` drawback '' . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 21 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 27 -- 30 . Jump up ^ Labaree , `` Tea Party '' , 32 -- 34 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 71 ; Labaree , Tea Party , 46 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 46 -- 49 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 50 -- 51 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 52 . Jump up ^ Young , Shoemaker , 183 -- 85 . Jump up ^ The 1772 tax act was 12 Geo . III c. 60 sec. 1 ; Knollenberg , Growth , 351n12 . Jump up ^ Thomas , Townshend Duties , 248 -- 49 ; Labaree , Tea Party , 334 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 58 , 60 -- 62 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 90 -- 91 . Jump up ^ Thomas , Townshend Duties , 252 -- 54 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 91 . Jump up ^ Thomas , Townshend Duties , 250 ; Labaree , Tea Party , 69 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 70 , 75 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 93 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 67 , 70 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 75 -- 76 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 71 ; Thomas , Townshend Duties , 252 . Jump up ^ Thomas , Townshend Duties , 252 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 72 -- 73 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 51 . Jump up ^ Thomas , Townshend Duties , 255 ; Labaree , Tea Party , 76 -- 77 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 76 -- 77 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 78 -- 79 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 77 , 335 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 89 -- 90 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 96 . Jump up ^ Thomas , Townshend Duties , 246 . Jump up ^ Gross , David M. ( 2014 ) . 99 Tactics of Successful Tax Resistance Campaigns . Picket Line Press . p. 129 . ISBN 978 - 1490572741 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 106 . Jump up ^ Thomas , Townshend Duties , 245 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 102 ; see also John W. Tyler , Smugglers & Patriots : Boston Merchants and the Advent of the American Revolution ( Boston , 1986 ) . Jump up ^ Thomas , Townshend Duties , 256 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 95 -- 96 . Jump up ^ Knollenberg , Growth , 101 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 100 . See also Alyn Brodsky , Benjamin Rush ( Macmillan , 2004 ) , 109 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 97 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 96 ; Knollenberg , Growth , 101 -- 02 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 96 -- 100 . Jump up ^ Labaree , Tea Party , 104 -- 05 . Jump up ^ This was not an official town meeting , but a gathering of `` the body of the people '' of greater Boston ; Alexander , Revolutionary Politician , 123 . Jump up ^ Alexander , Revolutionary Politician , 124 . Jump up ^ Alexander , Revolutionary Politician , 123 . Jump up ^ The Story of the Boston Tea Party Ships by The Boston Tea Party Historical Society Jump up ^ Boston Tea Party Facts Jump up ^ Alexander , Revolutionary Politician , 125 . Jump up ^ Raphael , Founding Myths , 53 . Jump up ^ Maier , Old Revolutionaries , 27 -- 28n32 ; Raphael , Founding Myths , 53 . For firsthand accounts that contradict the story that Adams gave the signal for the tea party , see L.F.S. Upton , ed. , `` Proceeding of Ye Body Respecting the Tea , '' William and Mary Quarterly , Third Series , 22 ( 1965 ) , 297 -- 98 ; Francis S. Drake , Tea Leaves : Being a Collection of Letters and Documents , ( Boston , 1884 ) , LXX ; Boston Evening - Post , December 20 , 1773 ; Boston Gazette , December 20 , 1773 ; Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News - Letter , December 23 , 1773 . Jump up ^ `` Boston Tea Party Historical Society '' . Jump up ^ `` Boston Tea Party Historical Society '' . Jump up ^ Alexander , Revolutionary Politician , 125 -- 26 ; Labaree , Tea Party , 141 -- 44 . Jump up ^ `` Where Was the Actual Boston Tea Party Site ? '' . Jump up ^ Alexander , Revolutionary Politician , 126 . Jump up ^ Alexander , Revolutionary Politician , 129 . Jump up ^ Cobbett , Parliamentary History of England , XVII , pg. 1280 - 1281 Jump up ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark , Gregory ( 2017 ) . `` The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain , 1209 to Present ( New Series ) '' . MeasuringWorth . Retrieved November 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Ketchum , Divided Loyalties , 262 . Jump up ^ Ammerman , In the Common Cause , 15 . Jump up ^ Diary of John Adams , Volume 2 http://www.masshist.org/publications/apde/portia.php?id=DJA02d100 Jump up ^ Diary of John Adams , March 8 , 1774 ; Boston Gazette , March 14 , 1774 Jump up ^ `` The Shoemaker and the Tea Party '' . C - SPAN . November 21 , 1999 . Retrieved March 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Adams , John ( July 6 , 1774 ) . `` John Adams to Abigail Adams '' . The Adams Papers : Digital Editions : Adams Family Correspondence , Volume 1 . Massachusetts Historical Society . Archived from the original on February 26 , 2014 . Retrieved February 25 , 2014 . I believe I forgot to tell you one Anecdote : When I first came to this House it was late in the Afternoon , and I had ridden 35 miles at least . `` Madam '' said I to Mrs. Huston , `` is it lawfull for a weary Traveller to refresh himself with a Dish of Tea provided it has been honestly smuggled , or paid no Duties ? '' `` No sir , said she , we have renounced all Tea in this Place . I cant make Tea , but I'le make you Coffee . '' Accordingly I have drank Coffee every Afternoon since , and have borne it very well . Tea must be universally renounced . I must be weaned , and the sooner , the better . Jump up ^ Young , Shoemaker , xv . Jump up ^ Young , Shoemaker . Jump up ^ Davis Dewey , Financial History of the United States , 1791 - 1901 ( New York : Longmans , Green , 1902 ) , 80 - 82 . Jump up ^ Erik H. Erikson , Gandhi 's Truth : On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence ( New York : Norton , 1969 ) , 204 . Jump up ^ Erikson , Gandhi 's Truth , 448 . Jump up ^ Young , Shoemaker , 197 . Jump up ^ Young , Shoemaker , 198 . Jump up ^ `` Ron Paul 's `` tea party '' breaks fund - raising record `` . Jump up ^ `` Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum '' . Retrieved June 20 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Denehy 1906 , p. 226 . References Alexander , John K. Samuel Adams : America 's Revolutionary Politician . Lanham , Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield , 2002 . ISBN 0 - 7425 - 2115 - X . Ammerman , David ( 1974 ) . In the Common Cause : American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774 . New York : Norton . Carp , Benjamin L. Defiance of the Patriots : The Boston Tea Party and the Making of America ( Yale U.P. , 2010 ) ISBN 978 - 0 - 300 - 11705 - 9 Denehy , John William ( 1906 ) . A History of Brookline , Massachusetts , from the First Settlement of Muddy River Until the Present Time : 1630 - 1906 ; Commemorating the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Town , Based on the Early Records and Other Authorities and Arranged by Leading Subjects . Containing Portraits and Sketches of the Town 's Prominent Men Past and Present ; Also Illustrations of Public Buildings and Residences . Brookline Press . Ketchum , Richard . Divided Loyalties : How the American Revolution came to New York . 2002 . ISBN 0 - 8050 - 6120 - 7 . Knollenberg , Bernhard . Growth of the American Revolution , 1766 -- 1775 . New York : Free Press , 1975 . ISBN 0 - 02 - 917110 - 5 . Labaree , Benjamin Woods . The Boston Tea Party . Originally published 1964 . Boston : Northeastern University Press , 1979 . ISBN 0 - 930350 - 05 - 7 . Maier , Pauline . The Old Revolutionaries : Political Lives in the Age of Samuel Adams . New York : Knopf , 1980 . ISBN 0 - 394 - 51096 - 8 . Raphael , Ray . Founding Myths : Stories That Hide Our Patriotic Past . New York : The New Press , 2004 . ISBN 1 - 56584 - 921 - 3 . Thomas , Peter D.G. The Townshend Duties Crisis : The Second Phase of the American Revolution , 1767 -- 1773 . Oxford : Oxford University Press , 1987 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 822967 - 4 . Thomas , Peter D.G. Tea Party to Independence : The Third Phase of the American Revolution , 1773 -- 1776 . Oxford : Clarendon Press , 1991 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 820142 - 7 . Young , Alfred F. The Shoemaker and the Tea Party : Memory and the American Revolution . Boston : Beacon Press , 1999 . ISBN 0 - 8070 - 5405 - 4 ; ISBN 978 - 0 - 8070 - 5405 - 5 . Further reading Unger , Harlow G. ( 2011 ) . American Tempest : How the Boston Tea Party Sparked a Revolution . Boston , MA : Da Capo . ISBN 0306819627 . OCLC 657595563 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boston Tea Party . Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Boston Tea Party . The Boston Tea Party Historical Society Eyewitness Account of the Event Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum Tea Party Finds Inspiration In Boston History -- audio report by NPR Booknotes interview with Alfred Young on The Shoemaker and the Tea Party : Memory and the American Revolution , November 21 , 1999 BBC Radio program about the ' forgotten truth ' behind the Boston Tea Party Eyewitness to History : The Boston Tea Party , 1773 British law and the American Revolution Royal Proclamations , Acts of Parliament , and other legal issues relating to the American Revolution Before 1763 Navigation Acts Wool Act ( 1699 ) Hat Act ( 1732 ) Molasses Act ( 1733 ) Iron Act ( 1750 ) Grenville ministry ( 1763 -- 1765 ) Royal Proclamation of 1763 Sugar Act ( 1764 ) Currency Act ( 1764 ) Quartering Act ( 1765 ) Stamp Act ( 1765 ) Rockingham ministry ( 1765 -- 1766 ) Repeal Act ( March 1766 ) Declaratory Act ( March 1766 ) Revenue Act ( June 1766 ) Chatham and Grafton ministries ( 1766 -- 1770 ) Townshend Acts ( 1767 ) North ministry ( 1770 -- 1782 ) Repeal Act ( 1770 ) Tea Act ( 1773 ) Coercive Acts ( 1774 ) Conciliatory Resolution ( February 1775 ) Restraining Acts ( March & April 1775 ) Proclamation of Rebellion ( August 1775 ) Prohibitory Act ( December 1775 ) Taxation of Colonies Act ( 1778 ) Other legal issues Rights of Englishmen Writ of assistance Admiralty courts Parson 's Cause ( 1763 ) Taxation without representation Tax resistance Topics Conscientious objection to military taxation List of historical acts of tax resistance List of tax resisters Methods Barter Gift economy Local currency Rebellion Self - sufficiency Simple living Tax avoidance Tax evasion Unreported employment Organizations Addiopizzo Aide - toi , le ciel t'aidera All Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation Anti-Poll Tax Unions Association of Real Estate Taxpayers Catalunya Diu Prou Committee for Non-Violent Action Δεν Πληρώνω Fasci Siciliani Irish National Land League National Campaign for a Peace Tax Fund National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee Northern California War Tax Resistance Pagal Panthis Peace churches Peacemakers Planka.nu Women 's Tax Resistance League Zuism Media An Act of Conscience Civil Disobedience Clericis laicos The Cold War and the Income Tax : A Protest Vyborg Manifesto Campaigns 1300s Tuchin Revolt Harelle Peasants ' Revolt 1400s Cornish Rebellion of 1497 1500s Croquant rebellions Rappenkrieg Revolt of the Pitauds 1600s Angelets Revolt of the papier timbré Revolt of the va - nu - pieds Salt Tax Revolt 1700s Boston Tea Party Fries 's Rebellion Gaspee Affair No taxation without representation Philadelphia Tea Party Revolt of the Comuneros ( New Granada ) War of the Regulation Whiskey Rebellion White Lotus Rebellion 1800s Dog Tax War Hut Tax War of 1898 Rebecca Riots Saminism Movement Tancament de Caixes Tithe War 1900s Agbekoya Bambatha Rebellion Bardoli Satyagraha Beit Sahour Bondelswarts affair Champaran Satyagraha Kheda Satyagraha Johnson cult Mau movement Poll Tax Riots Poplar Rates Rebellion Turra Coo Salt March Women 's War 2000s Anti-austerity movement in Greece Anti-Bin Tax Campaign Bonnets Rouges Campaign Against Home and Water Taxes Movimento Passe Livre Related topics Civil disobedience Conscientious objector Direct action Income tax threshold Nonviolent resistance Render unto Caesar Tax noncompliance Tax protester Tax riot Taxation as slavery Taxation as theft Samuel Adams 4th Governor of Massachusetts , 1794 -- 1797 Second Continental Congress , 1775 -- 1781 First Continental Congress , 1774 Clerk of the Massachusetts House of Representatives , 1766 -- 1774 United States founding events The Independent Advertiser Boston Caucus 1764 Sugar Act response protests 1768 Massachusetts Circular Letter Probable author , 1768 -- 1769 `` Journal of Occurrences '' Arranged Christopher Seider funeral , 1770 Co-author , 1772 Boston Pamphlet Boston Committee of Correspondence , 1772 Hutchinson Letters Affair Co-inspired and publicized , Boston Tea Party Signed , 1774 Continental Association Massachusetts Provincial Congress Co-author , 1776 Letter to the inhabitants of Canada Signed , United States Declaration of Independence Signed , Articles of Confederation 1788 Massachusetts Compromise Life Early life Massachusetts Hall , Harvard University Sons of Liberty 1789 U.S. House election 1796 presidential election Samuel Adams and Paul Revere time capsule Granary Burying Ground Related American republicanism Boston Gazette American Revolution patriots Founding Father Faneuil Hall Old South Meeting House Legacy Samuel Adams ( Whitney ) Adams , Massachusetts Liberty 's Kids ( 2002 animated series ) John Adams ( 2008 miniseries ) Sons of Liberty ( 2015 miniseries ) Family John Adams ( second cousin ) John Hancock 1st and 3rd Governor of Massachusetts , 1780 -- 1785 , 1787 -- 1793 President , 2nd Continential Congress , 1775 -- 1777 Boston Board of Selectmen , 1766 -- 1775 United States Founding events HMS Liberty confiscation Sons of Liberty Co-inspired , Boston Tea Party 1774 Massacre Day speech President , Massachusetts Provincial Congress Chairman , Massachusetts Committee of Safety Presided over , signed , United States Declaration of Independence signing Dunlap broadside Signed , Articles of Confederation Life Early life Hancock - Clarke House Hancock Manor Massachusetts Hall , Harvard University Boston Cadets Co-founder , American Academy of Arts and Sciences United States presidential election , 1788 -- 89 Granary Burying Ground Related American Revolution patriots Founding Father Syng inkstand Legacy USS Hancock , 1775 USS Hancock , 1776 Liberty 's Kids ( 2002 animated series ) John Adams ( 2008 miniseries ) Sons of Liberty ( 2015 miniseries ) John Hancock Tower John Hancock Center Family Dorothy Quincy ( wife ) John Hancock Jr. ( father ) Thomas Hancock ( uncle ) John Hancock , Sr. ( grandfather ) Edmund Quincy ( father - in - law ) GND : 4146401 - 1 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boston_Tea_Party&oldid=821806499 '' Categories : Boston Harbor 1773 in the Thirteen Colonies 1773 riots Massachusetts in the American Revolution Political repression in the United States History of the Thirteen Colonies Rebellions in the United States Tax resistance in the United States History of Boston Battles and conflicts without fatalities History of tea 1773 in Massachusetts British East India Company Hidden categories : Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Coordinates on Wikidata Use mdy dates from December 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 22 January 2018 , at 19 : 12 . 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Question: why did the colonists have a problem with the tea act of 1773

because they believed that it violated their rights as Englishmen to "No taxation without representation", that is, to be taxed only by their own elected representatives and not by a British parliament in which they were not represented


Chymotrypsin - wikipedia Chymotrypsin Jump to : navigation , search Chymotrypsin Crystallographic structure of Bos taurus chymotrypsinogen . Identifiers EC number 3.4. 21.1 CAS number 9004 - 07 - 3 Databases IntEnz IntEnz view BRENDA BRENDA entry ExPASy NiceZyme view KEGG KEGG entry MetaCyc metabolic pathway PRIAM profile PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum Gene Ontology AmiGO / QuickGO ( show ) Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins Chymotrypsin C Identifiers EC number 3.4. 21.2 CAS number 9036 - 09 - 3 Databases IntEnz IntEnz view BRENDA BRENDA entry ExPASy NiceZyme view KEGG KEGG entry MetaCyc metabolic pathway PRIAM profile PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum ( show ) Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins Chymotrypsin ( EC 3.4. 21.1 , chymotrypsins A and B , alpha - chymar ophth , avazyme , chymar , chymotest , enzeon , quimar , quimotrase , alpha - chymar , alpha - chymotrypsin A , alpha - chymotrypsin ) is a digestive enzyme component of pancreatic juice acting in the duodenum where it performs proteolysis , the breakdown of proteins and polypeptides . Chymotrypsin preferentially cleaves peptide amide bonds where the side - chain of the amino acid N - terminal to the scissile amide bond ( the P position ) is a large hydrophobic amino acid ( tyrosine , tryptophan , and phenylalanine ) . These amino acids contain an aromatic ring in their sidechain that fits into a ' hydrophobic pocket ' ( the S position ) of the enzyme . It is activated in the presence of trypsin . The hydrophobic and shape complementarity between the peptide substrate P sidechain and the enzyme S binding cavity accounts for the substrate specificity of this enzyme . Chymotrypsin also hydrolyzes other amide bonds in peptides at slower rates , particularly those containing leucine and methionine at the P position . Structurally , it is the archetypal structure for its superfamily , the PA clan of proteases . Contents ( hide ) 1 Activation 2 Mechanism of action and kinetics 3 Isozymes 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Activation ( edit ) Chymotrypsin is synthesized in the pancreas by protein biosynthesis as a precursor called chymotrypsinogen that is enzymatically inactive . Trypsin activates chymotrypsinogen by cleaving peptidic bonds in positions Arg15 - Ile16 and produces π - Chymotrypsin . In turn , aminic group ( - NH3 ) of the Ile16 residue interacts with the side chain of Glu194 , producing the `` oxyanion hole '' and the hydrophobic `` S1 pocket '' . Moreover , Chymotrypsin induces its own activation by cleaving in positions 14 - 15 , 146 - 147 and 148 - 149 , producing α - Chymotrypsin ( which is more active and stable than π - Chymotrypsin ) . The resulting molecule is a three - polypeptide molecule interconnected via disulfide bonds . Mechanism of action and kinetics ( edit ) See also : Catalytic triad In vivo , chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme ( Serine protease ) acting in the digestive systems of many organisms . It facilitates the cleavage of peptide bonds by a hydrolysis reaction , which despite being thermodynamically favorable occurs extremely slowly in the absence of a catalyst . The main substrates of chymotrypsin are peptide bonds in which the amino acid N - terminal to the bond is a tryptophan , tyrosine , phenylalanine , or leucine . Like many proteases , chymotrypsin will also hydrolyse amide bonds in vitro , a virtue that enabled the use of substrate analogs such as N - acetyl - L - phenylalanine p - nitrophenyl amide for enzyme assays . Mechanism of peptide bond cleavage in α - chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin cleaves peptide bonds by attacking the unreactive carbonyl group with a powerful nucleophile , the serine 195 residue located in the active site of the enzyme , which briefly becomes covalently bonded to the substrate , forming an enzyme - substrate intermediate . Along with histidine 57 and aspartic acid 102 , this serine residue constitutes the catalytic triad of the active site . These findings rely on inhibition assays and the study of the kinetics of cleavage of the aforementioned substrate , exploiting the fact that the enzyme - substrate intermediate p - nitrophenolate has a yellow colour , enabling us to measure its concentration by measuring light absorbance at 410 nm . It was found that the reaction of chymotrypsin with its substrate takes place in two stages , an initial `` burst '' phase at the beginning of the reaction and a steady - state phase following Michaelis - Menten kinetics . The mode of action of chymotrypsin explains this as hydrolysis takes place in two steps . First acylation of the substrate to form an acyl - enzyme intermediate and then deacylation in order to return the enzyme to its original state . This occurs via the concerted action of the three amino acid residues in the catalytic triad . Aspartate hydrogen bonds to the N - δ hydrogen of histidine , increasing the pKa of its ε nitrogen and thus making it able to deprotonate serine . It is this deprotonation that allows the serine side chain to act as a nucleophile and bind to the electron - deficient carbonyl carbon of the protein main chain . Ionization of the carbonyl oxygen is stabilized by formation of two hydrogen bonds to adjacent main chain N - hydrogens . This occurs in the oxyanion hole . This forms a tetrahedral adduct and breakage of the peptide bond . An acyl - enzyme intermediate , bound to the serine , is formed , and the newly formed amino terminus of the cleaved protein can dissociate . In the second reaction step , a water molecule is activated by the basic histidine , and acts as a nucleophile . The oxygen of water attacks the carbonyl carbon of the serine - bound acyl group , resulting in formation of a second tetrahedral adduct , regeneration of the serine - OH group , and release of a proton , as well as the protein fragment with the newly formed carboxyl terminus Isozymes ( edit ) Chymotrypsinogen B1 Identifiers Symbol CTRB1 Entrez 1504 HUGO 2521 OMIM 118890 RefSeq NM_001906 UniProt P17538 Other data EC number 3.4. 21.1 Locus Chr. 16 q23. 1 Chymotrypsinogen B2 Identifiers Symbol CTRB2 Entrez 440387 HUGO 2522 RefSeq NM_001025200 UniProt Q6GPI1 Other data EC number 3.4. 21.1 Locus Chr. 16 q22. 3 Chymotrypsin C ( caldecrin ) Identifiers Symbol CTRC Entrez 11330 HUGO 2523 OMIM 601405 RefSeq NM_007272 UniProt Q99895 Other data EC number 3.4. 21.2 Locus Chr. 1 p36. 21 See also ( edit ) Trypsin PA clan of proteases References ( edit ) Jump up ^ PDB : 1CHG  ; Freer ST , Kraut J , Robertus JD , Wright HT , Xuong NH ( April 1970 ) . `` Chymotrypsinogen : 2.5 - angstrom crystal structure , comparison with alpha - chymotrypsin , and implications for zymogen activation '' . Biochemistry . 9 ( 9 ) : 1997 -- 2009 . doi : 10.1021 / bi00811a022 . PMID 5442169 . Jump up ^ Wilcox PE ( 1970 ) . `` Chymotrypsinogens -- chymotrypsins '' . Methods in Enzymology . Methods in Enzymology. 19 : 64 -- 108 . doi : 10.1016 / 0076 - 6879 ( 70 ) 19007 - 0 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 12 - 181881 - 4 . Jump up ^ Appel W ( December 1986 ) . `` Chymotrypsin : molecular and catalytic properties '' . Clin. Biochem. 19 ( 6 ) : 317 -- 22 . doi : 10.1016 / S0009 - 9120 ( 86 ) 80002 - 9 . PMID 3555886 . Jump up ^ Berger A , Schechter I ( February 1970 ) . `` Mapping the active site of papain with the aid of peptide substrates and inhibitors '' . Philos . Trans . R. Soc . Lond . B Biol. Sci. 257 ( 813 ) : 249 -- 64 . doi : 10.1098 / rstb. 1970.0024 . PMID 4399049 . ^ Jump up to : Petsko , Gregory ; Ringe , Dagmar ( 2009 ) . Protein Structure and Function . Oxford : Oxford University Press . pp. 78 -- 79 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 955684 - 7 . Further reading ( edit ) Stryer L , Berg JM , Tymoczko JL ( 2002 ) . Biochemistry . San Francisco : W.H. Freeman . ISBN 0 - 7167 - 4684 - 0 . Grisham CM , Reginald H ( 2005 ) . Biochemistry . Australia : Thomson Brooks / Cole . ISBN 0 - 534 - 49033 - 6 . External links ( edit ) The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors : S01. 001 Chymotrypsin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH ) Endopeptidases : serine proteases / serine endopeptidases ( EC 3.4. 21 ) Digestive enzymes Enteropeptidase Trypsin Chymotrypsin Elastase Neutrophil Pancreatic Coagulation factors : Thrombin Factor VIIa Factor IXa Factor Xa Factor XIa Factor XIIa Kallikrein PSA KLK1 KLK2 KLK3 KLK4 KLK5 KLK6 KLK7 KLK8 KLK9 KLK10 KLK11 KLK12 KLK13 KLK14 KLK15 fibrinolysis : Plasmin Plasminogen activator Tissue plasminogen activator Urinary plasminogen activator Complement system Factor B Factor D Factor I MASP MASP1 MASP2 C3 - convertase Other immune system Chymase Granzyme Tryptase Proteinase 3 / Myeloblastin Venombin Ancrod Batroxobin Other Acrosin Prolyl endopeptidase Pronase Proprotein convertases Prostasin Reelin Subtilisin / Furin Streptokinase S1P Cathepsin Enzymes Activity Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Regulation Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Classification EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes Kinetics Enzyme kinetics Eadie -- Hofstee diagram Hanes -- Woolf plot Lineweaver -- Burk plot Michaelis -- Menten kinetics Types EC1 Oxidoreductases ( list ) EC2 Transferases ( list ) EC3 Hydrolases ( list ) EC4 Lyases ( list ) EC5 Isomerases ( list ) EC6 Ligases ( list ) Molecular and Cellular Biology portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chymotrypsin&oldid=816189295 '' Categories : Genes on human chromosome 16 Genes on human chromosome 1 EC 3.4. 21 Peptidase Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017 Protein pages needing a picture Talk Search Contents About Wikipedia Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español فارسی Français Galego Հայերեն Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 19 December 2017 , at 21 : 07 . 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Question: where does cleavage of the peptide bond by chymotrypsin occur

where the side-chain of the amino acid N-terminal to the scissile amide bond (the P1 position) is a large hydrophobic amino acid (tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine)