Shimmer and Shine - wikipedia Shimmer and Shine Jump to : navigation , search Shimmer and Shine Genre Children 's television series Fantasy Created by Farnaz Esnaashari - Charmatz Directed by Fred Osmond ( season 1 ) Matt Engstrom ( season 2 ) Voices of Eva Bella Isabella Cramp Alina Foley Blake Bertrand ( seasons 1 -- 2 ) Justin Felbinger ( season 3 - present ) Dee Bradley Baker Lacey Chabert Nikki SooHoo Theme music composer Joachim Svare and Joleen Belle Opening theme `` Shimmer and Shine '' performed by Melanie Fontana Ending theme `` Shimmer and Shine Instrumental '' Composer ( s ) Bobby Tahouri Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 54 ( 108 segments ) ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Farnaz Esnaashari - Charmatz Dave Palmer Producer ( s ) Ian Murray Michael Heinz Running time 21 -- 22 minutes Production company ( s ) Nickelodeon Animation Studio Animation services : Guru Studio ( season 1 ) Xentrix Studios ( season 1 ) Distributor Viacom Media Networks Release Original network Nickelodeon Treehouse TV Nick Jr . Original release August 24 , 2015 -- present External links Website Shimmer and Shine is an American animated children 's television series created by Farnaz Esnaashari - Charmatz . It airs on Nickelodeon in the United States and on Treehouse in Canada . The series premiered on August 24 , 2015 . The show was based on an unreleased pilot in September 2013 . On February 11 , 2016 , it was announced that Shimmer and Shine was renewed for a second season . On June 21 , 2016 , Shimmer and Shine was renewed for a third season that uses CGI animation . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Characters 2.1 Humans and Genies 2.2 Animals 3 Episodes 4 Merchandise 4.1 Books 4.2 DVDs 4.3 Toys 5 Broadcast 6 References 7 External links Plot ( edit ) The first season takes place in the human world and focuses on a young girl named Leah Thompson , who is friends with a pair of twin genies in training named Shimmer and Shine . Leah 's genies grant her 3 wishes every day , but they often mess up . Each episode features Leah working together with her genies to solve the problems they inadvertently cause , all while keeping Shimmer and Shine a secret from her next - door neighbor and best friend Zachary Molloy . In the second season , the characters are transported to Zahramay Falls , a magical land where Shimmer and Shine live . Leah reveals her genies ' existence to Zac , who is given a genie of his own named Kaz . Shimmer and Shine continue to grant Leah wishes in Zahramay Falls and befriend the sovereign of the land , Princess Samira . The season also includes Samira 's pet peacock , Roya ; Zeta , a villainous sorceress ; and Zeta 's dragon , Nazboo . Characters ( edit ) Humans and genies ( edit ) Shimmer ( voiced by Eva Bella ) -- An optimistic genie with blue eyes and pink hair . She is enthusiastic and encouraging . She loves cleaning , glitter , and collecting genie bottles . Her pet is a gibbon monkey named Tala . Shine ( voiced by Isabella Cramp ) -- A courageous genie with purple eyes and blue hair . She is an animal lover and is often hungry . Her pet is a Bengal tiger cub named Nahal . Due to her love of animals , she is very knowledgeable about the behaviors of magical creatures native to Zahramay Falls . Unlike her sister , she hates cleaning . A running gag involves Shine saying `` It 's like I always say ... '' only to humorously reveal that she has just made up whatever she says next . Leah ( voiced by Alina Foley ) -- A blonde girl with blue eyes who owns a genie bottle necklace , which includes Shimmer and Shine . Although Shimmer and Shine usually mess up her wishes , Leah is patient and forgiving with them . Originally , she was forced to keep her genies existence a secret from her close friend Zac , but revealed her secret to him after being transported to Zahramay Falls . In the second season , Princess Samira grants Leah and Zac 's wish to visit Zahramay Falls whenever they want . While visiting her genies in Zahramay Falls , Leah magically dons a genie disguise in order to blend in , as humans are normally not allowed in Zahramay Falls . Zac ( voiced by Blake Bertrand in the first two seasons , Justin Felbinger from season three and onward ) -- Leah 's neighbor and best human friend . In the first season , he is oblivious to the fact that Leah has genies . Whenever something strange or unusual happens , he responds to it in a carefree manner . He also has a habit of telling humorous experiences he has had to Leah . In the second season , he learns that Leah has genies and gets a genie of his own named Kaz . Princess Samira ( voiced by Nikki SooHoo ) -- The ruler of Zahramay Falls , who is in charge of checking up on all the genies in training . She can grant wishes along with the younger genies . She occasionally rewards genies with magic Genie Gems that can have a variety of magical effects . She acts as Shimmer and Shine 's mentor and teacher . Despite Zeta being her self - proclaimed rival , Samira likes Zeta and is willing to give her a second chance at becoming a genie - in - training , which in season three is revealed to be due to her past friendship with Zeta when they were both students under Empress Caliana and hopes that Zeta and her can one day become friends again . Zeta the Sorceress ( voiced by Lacey Chabert ) -- A resident of Zahramay Falls who is Princess Samira 's rival and wishes to replace her as the most powerful person in Zahramay Falls . Zeta is a sorceress instead of a genie , as she has no desire to grant the wishes of others , relying on magic potions and magical items . Her plans are almost always thwarted by Shimmer , Shine , and Leah . However , her own arrogance and ignorance can cause her to foil her own schemes as well . Despite the trouble she causes , the girls and Zac do n't hold it against her and generally try to be friendly towards her when not foiling her schemes . Though she tends to be antagonistic towards Leah and her genies , she can be civil towards them at times and even work with them such when she finds herself and / or Nazboo in danger usually when her schemes backfire , which usually results in them saving her . Before becoming a sorceress , she was a genie - in - training under Empress Caliana along with Samira , whom Zeta befriended when she was a new student , though later quit school due to her jealousy of Samira and decided to become a sorceress instead , though despite her current rivalry with Samira is shown to cherish their past friendship as she held onto a feather pen Samira gave her when they first met along with a picture of the two of them together when they were both still friends . Kaz ( voiced by Jet Jurgensmeyer ) -- A genie in training who becomes Zac 's genie in the second season . In contrast to Zac 's easy - going and adventurous personality , Kaz is more cautious and scared easily . Despite their contrasting personalities , Zac and Kaz work well together and can be brave when he has to be . His cautious nature also means he puts more thought into how he grants Zac 's wishes . Like most genies in Zahramay Falls , he has his own magic carpet , though sometimes uses Zac 's Super Zoom Flyer , a magic carpet wished up by Zac . Kaz has a pet Ziffilon named Zain , who summoned by one of Zac 's wishes after he learned that Kaz always wanted a Ziffilon as a pet . Though he and Zac get along well , he occasionally becomes unenthusiastic when granting wishes for Zac he would prefer not too . He was initially afraid of Zac 's dog Rocket due to being unfamiliar with dogs , though eventually overcame his fear after Zac and the girls reminded him of how other genies were initially scared of Zain before they got to know him . Empress Caliana ( voiced by Barbara Eden ) -- Princess Samira 's famous , semi-retired mentor . Caliana was the one who gave Samira her special necklace back when she was a little genie - in - training . Empress Caliana was a great explorer when she was a little girl and made many groundbreaking discoveries , such as finding the Caliana Caves . She is also old friends with Rohan , the normally shy crystalline golem that guards the caves . When Zeta and Samira were younger , Caliana taught genies - in - training at her school in Genie Hall , where Zeta was her top student . While praising Zeta 's potion making skills , she tried to teach her to be more considerate of others and assigned Samira to sit next to Zeta when Samira was a new student which lead to Samira befriending Zeta , though Zeta eventually became jealous of Samira when she became the class 's new top student , which eventually lead Zeta to quit school and decide to become a Sorceress instead after her attempt to sabotage Samira backfired , though Caliana expressed hope to Samira that she would one day return . Captain Zora ( voiced by Kellie Pickler ) -- A pirate genie who is Shine 's idol . She is absentminded at times and can be very clumsy and forgetful , especially when she is on an adventure . She owns a flying pirate ship that she sometimes accidentally docks in odd places . Shine loves pirate genies and Captain Zora is her favorite of them all , so she gets very nervous and sometimes can not talk clearly when she is around Zora . Layla ( voiced by Danica McKellar ) -- An ice genie who is a good friend of Princess Samira . She possesses an ice gem necklace that gives her freezing powers and keeps her body cold . She originally lived in a genie bottle buried on a sandy beach in Zahramay Falls , but it was accidentally broken by Leah and her genies . She currently lives in an ice palace . Shaya ( voiced by Kin Santiago ) -- A lightning genie in training who rides around on a flying cloud - board and can generate magical lightning . Leah and her genies help him catch a run away magic lightning bolt he created while practicing his magic . Though he is reluctant to work with Leah and her genies at first , he eventually learns the value of teamwork from them . Nila ( voiced by Mila Brener ) -- A mermaid who lives in the waters near Zahramay Falls . Leah and her genies befriend Nila after Leah wishes to find a Mermaid after learning they are real . She helps the girls obtain the Mermaid Gem to change the girls back to their non-mermaid selves after Leah accidentally uses up her wishes which leaves the girls trapped in Mermaid form . After Nila and the girls obtain the gem by befriending its lonely Guardian , she teaches them the spell to activate the gem 's power which can both transform into Mermaids as well as undo the transformation allowing the girls to visit Nila and go on underwater adventures with her . Imma ( voiced by Grace Kaufman ) -- The Waterfall Genie who oversees the source of the rainbow waterfalls of Zahramay Falls in Rainbow Zahramay . The girls befriend her after Samira sends them on their first adventure to Rainbow Zahramay to investigate the cause of a weird mist produced by the falls that disrupts magic in Zahramay Falls and help Imma resolve the problem . Imma can use water magic that allows her to manipulate water using her magic staff which she also uses to activate the locks that control the flow of rainbow water to the falls . Wishy Washy Genie ( voiced by Fred Tatasciore ) - A male genie whose powerful magic is to remove or fix a wish that can not be used on other genies . He can be very wishy washy , just like his name . But while on the their adventure to find his home , the children help him make decisions . Ayla ( voiced by Liliana Mumy ) -- A hair - changing genie who has the power to change hairstyles . Minu ( voiced by Kitana Turnbull ) -- A flitter genie . Nadia - The dream genie who is the only genie capable of granting wishes involving dreams and specializes in dream magic which involve using magic dust . She is also in charge of crafting special dreams for everyone in Zahramay Falls . As a result , she knows about everyone in Zahramay Falls . However it is rare for her to make dreams actually come true . Ezri - Nadia 's assistant who like Nadia knows about everybody in Zahramay Falls as he recognizes Leah , Shimmer , Shine , and even Zeta on first meeting them . Animals ( edit ) All animals in the series are voiced by Dee Bradley Baker . Tala -- Shimmer 's pet gibbon monkey . She has green eyes and wears white pearls , like Shimmer does . Tala is shown to be a talented dancer . Nahal -- Shine 's white Bengal tiger cub . She wears pink jewels and a gold circlet , like Shine does . She has a talent for playing the keyboard . Rocket -- Zac 's pet dog who appears in several episodes of the first season and reappears in the third season . He is a rambunctious dog with a tendency to drool and chew on things which often causes trouble , though is simply an overly playful pouch who means no real harm . He has encountered Shimmer , Shine , Tala , and Nahal at various times . The only pet native to Leah and Zac 's world , he eventually is wished to Zahramay Falls by Zac though is mistakenly seen as a monster by genies like Kaz and animals native to genie world like Parisa and Zain who are unfamiliar with dogs at first due to dogs not being native to their world , with the exception of Shimmer , Shine , Tala , Nahal , and Samira . After helping Zac stop Zeta from stealing Samira 's staff , Samira permits Rocket to accompany Zac when he visits Zahramay Falls . Nazboo -- Zeta 's talking pet dragon , who caters to her every need and acts as Zeta 's underling . She is somewhat clumsy and often accidentally causes Zeta 's schemes to backfire . He can also get easily distracted by food or anything that piques his interest . He also enjoys getting an occasional tummy rubs from Zeta . Though he acts as Zeta 's underling most of the time , he is friendly towards Leah , Zac , and their genies as well as their pets to the point he often greets them by saying `` Hi , Friends ! '' even in the middle of one of Zeta 's schemes . Unlike Zeta , he is generally more considerate of others and prefers to play fair in competitions though usually assists Zeta in cheating . In the third season , he is revealed to be from Manetikar , The Land of Dragons and befriended Zeta when she came to Manetikar to find a dragon for a pet . Feeling sorry for Zeta after her attempt to make one of the larger flying dragons her pet failed , he agreed to become her pet and went home with her to her lair in Zahramay Falls , where he has lived ever since . He has a sister and two brothers who resemble him in appearance and personality . Roya -- Princess Samira 's pet peacock , who resides in her palace . Roya is the polar opposite of Shimmer and Shine 's pets , as she would much rather show off her feathers or practice walking gracefully than play or dance . Unlike Samira , Roya has a strong dislike for Zeta and Nazboo , to the point of literally chasing them out of Samira 's Palace on one occasion . Once a year , she sheds a special feather with the ability to repair any magical object . Parisa -- Leah 's pet Zahramay fox who possesses the ability to camouflage herself , making her practically invisible , whenever she wants . she also has a talent for painting . Parisa is introduced midway through the second season . Like Kaz and Zain , she was initially scared of Rocket , due to being unfamiliar with dogs , though not to the same degree that Kaz and Zain were . Zain -- Kaz 's pet Ziffilon ( a griffin - like creature ) . Kaz had always wanted a pet Ziffilon before getting Zain , so Zac uses one of his wishes to wish up a Ziffilon for Kaz . Zain is by far the largest of the pets , as he is big enough for Kaz to ride on his back , though despite his size Zain gets scared easily even more so than Kaz . Like most Ziffilons his favorite food is Zlam Berries and is originally from Ziffilon Island . Though he gets along with the other pets , he is frightened by Rocket at first due to being unfamiliar with dogs though after Zac reminds Kaz and Zain how other genies were scared of Zain at first , he and Kaz manage to overcome their initial fear of Rocket . Zoomicorns -- Winged Unicorns native to Zahramay Falls and Rainbow Zahramay introduced in the second season . They are friendly and helpful creatures who occasionally aid the girls and allow them to ride them . There is also a game called Zoomicorn Toss , where players ride flying Zahramay Cloud Boards while trying to throw rings around a Zoomicorn 's horn as it flies around , without the use of magic as using magic is considered unfair . The only known named Zoomicorn , is Gleam who lives in Rainbow Zahramay that is a friend of the Glitter Genie Afina whom the girls meet and befriend during one of their adventures in Rainbow Zahramay in the third season . Scallywag -- The magical pet of the Pirate Genie Captain Zora , who helps Zora remember things that she forgets such as names and the meaning if words and phrases used by pirates . Scallywag flies around by spinning her tail in helicopter like fashion . Her magic goes out of control when scared causing random magic effects . Nazboo 's Family -- Nazboo 's three siblings Razboo , Kazboo , and Frank who are introduced in the third season . They all small flightless dragons that resemble Nazboo in appearance and share his friendly playful nature as well as his love of food and tummy rubs , though Nazboo and his siblings tend to get into trouble when they are together much to Zeta 's frustration and annoyance , when they come to visit Nazboo . His sister Razboo has purple scales and wears a bow on her head . His brother Kazboo has green scales and a mohawk , while his brother Frank has blue scales and wears a bowtie . While Kazboo and Razboo are capable of speech like Nazboo , Frank 's vocabulary is apparently limit to saying his own name which does n't rhyme with his other siblings ' names . Episodes ( edit ) Main article : List of Shimmer and Shine episodes Season Episode Originally aired First aired Last aired 20 August 24 , 2015 ( 2015 - 08 - 24 ) May 11 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 11 ) 20 May 20 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 20 ) March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) 20 May 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 05 ) TBA ( TBA ) Merchandise ( edit ) Books ( edit ) Nickelodeon and Random House Children 's Books released books based on the show starting in January 2016 . Dvds ( edit ) Nickelodeon and Paramount Home Entertainment released a DVD based on the show on February 2 , 2016 . Another DVD , entitled Welcome to Zahramay Falls , was released on August 16 , 2016 . A third DVD , Friendship Divine , was released on February 7 , 2017 . A fourth DVD , Magical Pets of Zahramay Falls , was scheduled to be released on August 22 , 2017 . A fifth DVD , Beyond the Rainbow Falls , was released on February 6 , 2018 . A Nick Jr. compilation DVD , entitled Nickelodeon Favorites : Whiskers & Paws , was released on January 26 , 2016 and consists the episode `` Abraca - Genie '' , along with select episodes of PAW Patrol , Dora and Friends : Into the City ! , Fresh Beat Band of Spies , Bubble Guppies , and Blue 's Clues . Toys ( edit ) Nickelodeon and Fisher - Price released a toy line based on the show . Mega Bloks playlets based on the show have been released . Broadcast ( edit ) Shimmer and Shine premiered on Nick Jr . UK on November 9 , 2015 where it was dubbed with British voice actors , replacing the original American soundtrack ( though Zeta and the animals ' voices remained unchanged ) . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Nick Jr. 's ' Shimmer and Shine ' Premieres Aug. 24 '' . Animation Magazine . Jump up ^ `` Nick brings new preschool series Shimmer and Shine to light '' . kidscreen.com . Jump up ^ Liu , Ed ( 11 February 2016 ) . `` Nickelkodeon Greenlights Second Season of `` Shimmer and Shine , '' New Product Line Launches `` . ToonZone . Jump up ^ http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/shimmer-shine-season-three-renewal-nickelodeon-series/ Jump up ^ `` The Sweetest Thing '' . Shimmer and Shine. 3 minutes in . Boom Zahramay ! Your best friends are on the way . Jump up ^ `` Tala from Shimmer and Shine -- Nick Asia '' . Nickelodeon Southeast Asia . Viacom International , Inc . Archived from the original on July 7 , 2017 . Retrieved July 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Nahal from Shimmer and Shine -- Nick Asia '' . Nickelodeon Southeast Asia . Viacom International , Inc . Archived from the original on July 7 , 2017 . Retrieved July 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Steinberg , Brian ( March 13 , 2014 ) . `` Nickelodeon Talks Up its Turnaround , Sports Awards and New Shows at Upfront '' . Variety . Shimmer & Shine ( 19 episodes ) -- This brand - new animated series follows the magical adventures of fraternal twin genies Jump up ^ McLennan , Cindy ( June 22 , 2016 ) . `` Shimmer and Shine : Season Three Renewal for Nickelodeon Series '' . Nickelodeon has renewed the Shimmer and Shine TV show for a third season . Season three will have 20 episodes Jump up ^ `` Shimmer and Shine '' . Zap2it . Retrieved October 30 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Nickelodeon Greenlights Second Season of Hit Animated Preschool Series `` Shimmer and Shine '' `` . thefutoncritic.com . February 11 , 2016 . Additional 20 Episodes Feature Brand - New Characters ... It 's a wish come true for preschoolers as Nickelodeon greenlights a second season ( 20 episodes ) of the hit animated series Shimmer and Shine . Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B014R6Q05G Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B014R6Q02E Jump up ^ `` ' BOOM ZAHRAMAY ! ' FLY UP AND AWAY WITH NICK JR. 'S SPARKLING NEW SERIES SHIMMER AND SHINE '' . Viacom UK & Ireland Press Centre ( Press release ) . London : Viacom International Media Networks . October 12 , 2015 . Retrieved October 17 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) Shimmer and Shine on IMDb Shimmer and Shine on NickJr.com Shimmer and Shine at NickAnimationStudio.com ( hide ) Nick Jr. original programming Former 1980s debuts Eureeka 's Castle ( 1989 -- 1995 ) 1990s debuts Nick Jr . Rocks ( 1991 ) Gullah Gullah Island ( 1994 -- 1998 ) Allegra 's Window ( 1994 -- 1996 ) Little Bear ( 1995 -- 2003 ) Blue 's Clues ( 1996 -- 2006 ) Teletubbies ( 1997 -- 2001 ; 2015 -- 2016 ) Franklin ( 1997 -- 2004 ) Maisy ( 1998 -- 2001 ) 64 Zoo Lane ( 1999 -- 2013 ) Phred on Your Head Show ( 1999 -- 2002 ) Nanalan ' ( 1999 -- 2006 ) Little Bill ( 1999 -- 2004 ) 2000s debuts Dora the Explorer ( 2000 -- 2014 ) Maggie and the Ferocious Beast ( 2000 -- 2002 ) Tiny Planets ( 2001 -- 2002 ) Oswald ( 2001 -- 2003 ) The URL with Phred Show ( 2001 -- 2002 ) Play with Me Sesame ( 2002 -- 2007 ) Max & Ruby ( 2002 -- 2016 ) Miffy and Friends ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Moose and Zee ( 2003 -- 2012 ) Oobi ( 2003 -- 2005 ) Connie the Cow ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Whoopi 's Littleburg ( 2004 ) Blue 's Room ( 2004 -- 2007 ) LazyTown ( 2004 -- 2008 ) Miss Spider 's Sunny Patch Friends ( 2004 -- 2008 ) The Backyardigans ( 2004 -- 2010 ) Cooking for Kids with Luis ( 2004 -- 2005 ) Pocoyo ( 2005 -- 2010 ) Pinky Dinky Doo ( 2005 -- 2009 ) Go , Diego , Go ! ( 2005 -- 2011 ) Jack 's Big Music Show ( 2005 -- 2008 ) Wonder Pets ! ( 2006 -- 2013 ) Wow ! Wow ! Wubbzy ! ( 2006 -- 2010 ) The Upside Down Show ( 2006 -- 2007 ) Yo Gabba Gabba ! ( 2007 -- 2015 ) Ni Hao , Kai - Lan ( 2007 -- 2011 ) Toot & Puddle ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Olivia ( 2009 -- 2011 ) Ben & Holly 's Little Kingdom ( 2009 -- 2013 ) The Fresh Beat Band ( 2009 -- 2013 ) 2010s debuts Team Umizoomi ( 2010 -- 2015 ) Bubble Guppies ( 2011 -- 2016 ) Franklin and Friends ( 2011 -- 2012 ) Mike the Knight ( 2011 -- 2017 ) Mia and Me ( 2011 - 2016 ) Tickety Toc ( 2012 -- 2015 ) Peter Rabbit ( 2012 -- 2016 ) Lalaloopsy ( 2013 -- 2015 ) Julius Jr. ( 2013 -- 2015 ) Wallykazam ! ( 2014 -- 2017 ) Zack & Quack ( 2014 -- 2017 ) Dora and Friends : Into the City ! ( 2014 -- 2017 ) Hey Duggee ( 2014 -- 2018 ) Fresh Beat Band of Spies ( 2015 -- 2016 ) Mutt & Stuff ( 2015 -- 2017 ) Current Peppa Pig ( since 2004 ) Dino Dan ( since 2010 ) PAW Patrol ( since 2013 ) Blaze and the Monster Machines ( since 2014 ) Little Charmers ( since 2015 ) Nick Jr . Puppies ( since 2015 ) Shimmer and Shine ( since 2015 ) Miffy 's Adventures Big and Small ( since 2015 ) Rusty Rivets ( since 2016 ) Nella the Princess Knight ( since 2017 ) Sunny Day ( since 2017 ) Top Wing ( since 2017 ) Upcoming Rainbow Rangers ( 2018 ) Butterbean 's Café ( 2018 ) Abby Hatcher , Fuzzly Catcher ( 2018 ) Blue 's Clues ( 2018 ) The Swashbuckling Adventures of Capitán Calavera ( 2019 ) Fashion Ally ( 2019 ) See also Nick Jr. ( block ) Nickelodeon on CBS Nickelodeon Book Nickelodeon portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimmer_and_Shine&oldid=837526923 '' Categories : 2010s American animated television series 2015 American television series debuts American children 's animated adventure television series American children 's animated fantasy television series American computer - animated television series English - language television programs American flash animated television series Nick Jr. shows Nickelodeon shows Preschool education television series Television series about twins Animated duos Children 's television characters Fantasy television characters Female characters in animation Fictional anthropomorphic characters Fictional characters who can teleport Fictional characters who use magic Fictional genies Fictional goddesses Fictional telekinetics Fictional twins Folklore characters Genies in television Magical girl characters Television duos Television sidekicks Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Français Italiano עברית Magyar Bahasa Melayu Nederlands Polski Português Simple English Српски / srpski 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 21 April 2018 , at 11 : 41 . 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Question: who does the music for shimmer and shine


Civil Rights Act of 1964 - wikipedia Civil Rights Act of 1964 This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 19 April 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the 1964 Civil Rights Act . For other American laws called Civil Rights Acts , see Civil Rights Act . Civil Rights Act of 1964 Long title An act to enforce the constitutional right to vote , to confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of the United States of America to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations , to authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional rights in public facilities and public education , to extend the Commission on Civil Rights , to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs , to establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity , and for other purposes . Enacted by the 88th United States Congress Effective July 2 , 1964 Citations Public law 88 - 352 Statutes at Large 78 Stat. 241 Codification Acts amended Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights Act of 1960 Titles amended 42 Legislative history Introduced in the House as H.R. 7152 by Emanuel Celler ( D -- NY ) on June 20 , 1963 Committee consideration by Judiciary Passed the House on February 10 , 1964 ( 290 -- 130 ) Passed the Senate on June 19 , 1964 ( 73 -- 27 ) with amendment House agreed to Senate amendment on July 2 , 1964 ( 289 -- 126 ) Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2 , 1964 Major amendments Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 Civil Rights Act of 1991 No Child Left Behind Act Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 United States Supreme Court cases Heart of Atlanta Motel , Inc. v. United States ( 1964 ) Katzenbach v. McClung ( 1964 ) Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education ( 1969 ) Griggs v. Duke Power Co. ( 1971 ) Ricci v. DeStefano ( 2009 ) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ( Pub. L. 88 -- 352 , 78 Stat. 241 , enacted July 2 , 1964 ) is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race , color , religion , sex or national origin . It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements , racial segregation in schools , employment , and public accommodations . Powers given to enforce the act were initially weak , but were supplemented during later years . Congress asserted its authority to legislate under several different parts of the United States Constitution , principally its power to regulate interstate commerce under Article One ( section 8 ) , its duty to guarantee all citizens equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment and its duty to protect voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment . The legislation had been proposed by President John F. Kennedy in June 1963 , but opposed by filibuster in the Senate . Thereafter , President Lyndon B. Johnson pushed the bill forward , which in its final form was passed in the U.S. Congress by a Senate vote of 73 - 27 and House vote of 289 - 126 ( 70 % - 30 % ) . The Act was signed into law by President Johnson on July 2 , 1964 , at the White House . Contents ( hide ) 1 Origins 2 Legislative history 2.1 House of Representatives 2.2 Johnson 's appeal to Congress 2.3 Lobbying efforts 2.4 Passage in the Senate 2.5 Vote totals 2.5. 1 By party 2.5. 2 By party and region 3 Women 's rights 4 Desegregation 5 Political repercussions 6 Major features 6.1 Title I 6.2 Title II 6.3 Title III 6.4 Title IV 6.5 Title V 6.6 Title VI 6.7 Title VII 6.7. 1 Precedents and history 6.8 Title VIII 6.9 Title IX 6.10 Title X 6.11 Title XI 7 Continued resistance 8 Amendments 9 Subsequent court rulings 10 Influence 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 External links Origins ( edit ) First page of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 John F. Kennedy addresses the nation about civil rights on June 11 , 1963 . The bill was called for by President John F. Kennedy in his Report to the American People on Civil Rights of June 11 , 1963 , in which he asked for legislation `` giving all Americans the right to be served in facilities which are open to the public -- hotels , restaurants , theaters , retail stores , and similar establishments '' , as well as `` greater protection for the right to vote '' . Kennedy delivered this speech following the immediate aftermath of the Birmingham campaign and the growing number of demonstrations and protests throughout the southern United States . Kennedy was moved to action following the elevated racial tensions and wave of black riots in the spring 1963 . Emulating the Civil Rights Act of 1875 , Kennedy 's civil rights bill included provisions to ban discrimination in public accommodations , and to enable the U.S. Attorney General to join in lawsuits against state governments which operated segregated school systems , among other provisions . However , it did not include a number of provisions deemed essential by civil rights leaders including protection against police brutality , ending discrimination in private employment , or granting the Justice Department power to initiate desegregation or job discrimination lawsuits . Legislative History ( edit ) House of Representatives ( edit ) Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . Among the guests behind him is Martin Luther King , Jr . On June 11 , 1963 , President Kennedy met with the Republican leaders to discuss the legislation before his television address to the nation that evening . Two days later , Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen and Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield both voiced support for the president 's bill , except for provisions guaranteeing equal access to places of public accommodations . This led to several Republican Congressmen drafting a compromise bill to be considered . On June 19 , the president sent his bill to Congress as it was originally written , saying legislative action was `` imperative '' . The president 's bill went first to the House of Representatives , where it was referred to the Judiciary Committee , chaired by Emanuel Celler , a Democrat from New York . After a series of hearings on the bill , Celler 's committee strengthened the act , adding provisions to ban racial discrimination in employment , providing greater protection to black voters , eliminating segregation in all publicly owned facilities ( not just schools ) , and strengthening the anti-segregation clauses regarding public facilities such as lunch counters . They also added authorization for the Attorney General to file lawsuits to protect individuals against the deprivation of any rights secured by the Constitution or U.S. law . In essence , this was the controversial `` Title III '' that had been removed from the 1957 and 1960 Acts . Civil rights organizations pressed hard for this provision because it could be used to protect peaceful protesters and black voters from police brutality and suppression of free speech rights . Kennedy called the congressional leaders to the White House in late October , 1963 to line up the necessary votes in the House for passage . The bill was reported out of the Judiciary Committee in November 1963 , and referred to the Rules Committee , whose chairman , Howard W. Smith , a Democrat and avid segregationist from Virginia , indicated his intention to keep the bill bottled up indefinitely . Johnson 's appeal to Congress ( edit ) The assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22 , 1963 , changed the political situation . Kennedy 's successor as president , Lyndon Johnson , made use of his experience in legislative politics , along with the bully pulpit he wielded as president , in support of the bill . In his first address to a joint session of Congress on November 27 , 1963 , Johnson told the legislators , `` No memorial oration or eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy 's memory than the earliest possible passage of the civil rights bill for which he fought so long . '' Judiciary Committee chairman Celler filed a petition to discharge the bill from the Rules Committee ; it required the support of a majority of House members to move the bill to the floor . Initially Celler had a difficult time acquiring the signatures necessary , with many congressmen who supported the civil rights bill itself remaining cautious about violating normal House procedure with the rare use of a discharge petition . By the time of the 1963 winter recess , 50 signatures were still needed . The record of the roll call vote kept by the House Clerk on final passage of the bill After the return of Congress from its winter recess , however , it was apparent that public opinion in the North favored the bill and that the petition would acquire the necessary signatures . To avert the humiliation of a successful discharge petition , Chairman Smith relented and allowed the bill to pass through the Rules Committee . Lobbying efforts ( edit ) Lobbying support for the Civil Rights Act was coordinated by the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights , a coalition of 70 liberal and labor organizations . The principal lobbyists for the Leadership Conference were civil rights lawyer Joseph L. Rauh Jr. and Clarence Mitchell , Sr. of the NAACP . Passage in the Senate ( edit ) Martin Luther King , Jr. and Malcolm X at the United States Capitol on March 26 , 1964 . Both men had come to hear the Senate debate on the bill . This was the only time the two men ever met ; their meeting lasted only one minute . Johnson , who wanted the bill passed as soon as possible , ensured that the bill would be quickly considered by the Senate . Normally , the bill would have been referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee , chaired by Senator James O. Eastland , Democrat from Mississippi . Given Eastland 's firm opposition , it seemed impossible that the bill would reach the Senate floor . Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield took a novel approach to prevent the bill from being relegated to Judiciary Committee limbo . Having initially waived a second reading of the bill , which would have led to it being immediately referred to Judiciary , Mansfield gave the bill a second reading on February 26 , 1964 , and then proposed , in the absence of precedent for instances when a second reading did not immediately follow the first , that the bill bypass the Judiciary Committee and immediately be sent to the Senate floor for debate . When the bill came before the full Senate for debate on March 30 , 1964 , the `` Southern Bloc '' of 18 southern Democratic Senators and one Republican Senator led by Richard Russell ( D - GA ) launched a filibuster to prevent its passage . Said Russell : `` We will resist to the bitter end any measure or any movement which would have a tendency to bring about social equality and intermingling and amalgamation of the races in our ( Southern ) states . '' The most fervent opposition to the bill came from Senator Strom Thurmond ( D - SC ) : `` This so - called Civil Rights Proposals , which the President has sent to Capitol Hill for enactment into law , are unconstitutional , unnecessary , unwise and extend beyond the realm of reason . This is the worst civil - rights package ever presented to the Congress and is reminiscent of the Reconstruction proposals and actions of the radical Republican Congress . '' After 54 days of filibuster , Senators Hubert Humphrey ( D - MN ) , Mike Mansfield ( D - MT ) , Everett Dirksen ( R - IL ) , and Thomas Kuchel ( R - CA ) , introduced a substitute bill that they hoped would attract enough Republican swing votes in addition to the core liberal Democrats behind the legislation to end the filibuster . The compromise bill was weaker than the House version in regard to government power to regulate the conduct of private business , but it was not so weak as to cause the House to reconsider the legislation . On the morning of June 10 , 1964 , Senator Robert Byrd ( D-W.Va . ) completed a filibustering address that he had begun 14 hours and 13 minutes earlier opposing the legislation . Until then , the measure had occupied the Senate for 60 working days , including six Saturdays . A day earlier , Democratic Whip Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota , the bill 's manager , concluded he had the 67 votes required at that time to end the debate and end the filibuster . With six wavering senators providing a four - vote victory margin , the final tally stood at 71 to 29 . Never in history had the Senate been able to muster enough votes to cut off a filibuster on a civil rights bill . And only once in the 37 years since 1927 had it agreed to cloture for any measure . `` Remarks upon Signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 '' Play media Public statement by Lyndon B. Johnson of July 2 , 1964 about the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . `` Remarks upon Signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 '' audio only Problems playing these files ? See media help . On June 19 , the substitute ( compromise ) bill passed the Senate by a vote of 73 -- 27 , and quickly passed through the House -- Senate conference committee , which adopted the Senate version of the bill . The conference bill was passed by both houses of Congress , and was signed into law by President Johnson on July 2 , 1964 . Vote totals ( edit ) Totals are in `` Yea -- Nay '' format : The original House version : 290 -- 130 ( 69 -- 31 % ) Cloture in the Senate : 71 -- 29 ( 71 -- 29 % ) The Senate version : 73 -- 27 ( 73 -- 27 % ) The Senate version , as voted on by the House : 289 -- 126 ( 70 -- 30 % ) By Party ( edit ) The original House version : Democratic Party : 152 -- 96 ( 61 -- 39 % ) Republican Party : 138 -- 34 ( 80 -- 20 % ) Cloture in the Senate : Democratic Party : 44 -- 23 ( 66 -- 34 % ) Republican Party : 27 -- 6 ( 82 -- 18 % ) The Senate version : Democratic Party : 46 -- 21 ( 69 -- 31 % ) Republican Party : 27 -- 6 ( 82 -- 18 % ) The Senate version , voted on by the House : Democratic Party : 153 -- 91 ( 63 -- 37 % ) Republican Party : 136 -- 35 ( 80 -- 20 % ) By Party and region ( edit ) Note : `` Southern '' , as used in this section , refers to members of Congress from the eleven states that made up the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War . `` Northern '' refers to members from the other 39 states , regardless of the geographic location of those states . The original House version : Southern Democrats : 7 -- 87 ( 7 -- 93 % ) Southern Republicans : 0 -- 10 ( 0 -- 100 % ) Northern Democrats : 145 -- 9 ( 94 -- 6 % ) Northern Republicans : 138 -- 24 ( 85 -- 15 % ) The Senate version : Southern Democrats : 1 -- 20 ( 5 -- 95 % ) ( only Ralph Yarborough of Texas voted in favor ) Southern Republicans : 0 -- 1 ( 0 -- 100 % ) ( John Tower of Texas ) Northern Democrats : 45 -- 1 ( 98 -- 2 % ) ( only Robert Byrd of West Virginia voted against ) Northern Republicans : 27 -- 5 ( 84 -- 16 % ) Women 's Rights ( edit ) Engrossing copy of H.R. 7152 , which added sex to the categories of persons against whom the bill prohibited discrimination , as passed by the House of Representatives Just one year earlier , the same Congress had passed the Equal Pay Act of 1963 , which prohibited wage differentials based on sex . The prohibition on sex discrimination was added to the Civil Rights Act by Howard W. Smith , a powerful Virginia Democrat who chaired the House Rules Committee and who strongly opposed the legislation . Smith 's amendment was passed by a teller vote of 168 to 133 . Historians debate Smith 's motivation , whether it was a cynical attempt to defeat the bill by someone opposed to civil rights both for blacks and women , or an attempt to support their rights by broadening the bill to include women . Smith expected that Republicans , who had included equal rights for women in their party 's platform since 1944 , would probably vote for the amendment . Historians speculate that Smith was trying to embarrass northern Democrats who opposed civil rights for women because the clause was opposed by labor unions . Representative Carl Elliott of Alabama later claimed , `` Smith did n't give a damn about women 's rights ... he was trying to knock off votes either then or down the line because there was always a hard core of men who did n't favor women 's rights , '' and the Congressional Record records that Smith was greeted by laughter when he introduced the amendment . Smith asserted that he was not joking ; he sincerely supported the amendment and , indeed , along with Rep. Martha Griffiths , he was the chief spokesperson for the amendment . For twenty years Smith had sponsored the Equal Rights Amendment ( with no linkage to racial issues ) in the House because he believed in it . He for decades had been close to the National Woman 's Party and its leader Alice Paul , who was also the leader in winning the right to vote for women in 1920 , the author of the first Equal Rights Amendment , and a chief supporter of equal rights proposals since then . She and other feminists had worked with Smith since 1945 trying to find a way to include sex as a protected civil rights category . Now was the moment . Griffiths argued that the new law would protect black women but not white women , and that was unfair to white women . Furthermore , she argued that the laws `` protecting '' women from unpleasant jobs were actually designed to enable men to monopolize those jobs , and that was unfair to women who were not allowed to try out for those jobs . The amendment passed with the votes of Republicans and Southern Democrats . The final law passed with the votes of Republicans and Northern Democrats . Thus , as Justice William Rehnquist explained in Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson , `` The prohibition against discrimination based on sex was added to Title VII at the last minute on the floor of the House of Representatives ... the bill quickly passed as amended , and we are left with little legislative history to guide us in interpreting the Act 's prohibition against discrimination based on ' sex . ' '' Desegregation ( edit ) One of the most damaging arguments by the bill 's opponents was that once passed , the bill would require forced busing to achieve certain racial quotas in schools . Proponents of the bill , such as Emanuel Celler and Jacob Javits , said that the bill would not authorize such measures . Leading sponsor Senator Hubert Humphrey ( D - MN ) wrote two amendments specifically designed to outlaw busing . Humphrey said `` if the bill were to compel it , it would be a violation ( of the Constitution ) , because it would be handling the matter on the basis of race and we would be transporting children because of race . '' While Javits said any government official who sought to use the bill for busing purposes `` would be making a fool of himself , '' two years later the Department of Health , Education and Welfare said that Southern school districts would be required to meet mathematical ratios of students by busing . Political repercussions ( edit ) See also : Realigning election President Johnson speaks to a television camera at the signing of the Civil Rights Act . The bill divided and engendered a long - term change in the demographic support of both parties . President Johnson realized that supporting this bill would risk losing the South 's overwhelming support of the Democratic Party . Both Attorney General Robert Kennedy and Vice President Johnson had pushed for the introduction of the civil rights legislation . Johnson told Kennedy aide Ted Sorensen that `` I know the risks are great and we might lose the South , but those sorts of states may be lost anyway . '' Senator Richard Russell , Jr. later warned President Johnson that his strong support for the civil rights bill `` will not only cost you the South , it will cost you the election '' . Johnson , however , went on to win the 1964 election by one of the biggest landslides in American history . The South , which had five states swing Republican in 1964 , became a stronghold of the Republican Party by the 1990s . Although majorities in both parties voted for the bill , there were notable exceptions . Though he opposed forced segregation , Republican Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona voted against the bill , remarking , `` You ca n't legislate morality . '' Goldwater had supported previous attempts to pass civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 as well as the 24th Amendment outlawing the poll tax . He stated that the reason for his opposition to the 1964 bill was Title II , which in his opinion violated individual liberty and states ' rights . Democrats and Republicans from the Southern states opposed the bill and led an unsuccessful 83 - day filibuster , including Senators Albert Gore , Sr. ( D - TN ) and J. William Fulbright ( D - AR ) , as well as Senator Robert Byrd ( D - WV ) , who personally filibustered for 14 hours straight . Major Features ( edit ) ( The full text of the Act is available online . ) Title I ( edit ) Barred unequal application of voter registration requirements . Title I did not eliminate literacy tests , which were one of the main methods used to exclude Black voters , other racial minorities , and poor Whites in the South , nor did it address economic retaliation , police repression , or physical violence against nonwhite voters . While the Act did require that voting rules and procedures be applied equally to all races , it did not abolish the concept of voter `` qualification '' , that is to say , it accepted the idea that citizens do not have an automatic right to vote but rather might have to meet some standard beyond citizenship . It was the Voting Rights Act , enacted one year later in 1965 , that directly addressed and eliminated most voting qualifications beyond citizenship . Title II ( edit ) Outlawed discrimination based on race , color , religion or national origin in hotels , motels , restaurants , theaters , and all other public accommodations engaged in interstate commerce ; exempted private clubs without defining the term `` private '' . Title III ( edit ) Prohibited state and municipal governments from denying access to public facilities on grounds of race , color , religion or national origin . Title IV ( edit ) Encouraged the desegregation of public schools and authorized the U.S. Attorney General to file suits to enforce said act . Title v. ( edit ) Expanded the Civil Rights Commission established by the earlier Civil Rights Act of 1957 with additional powers , rules and procedures . Title VI ( edit ) Prevents discrimination by government agencies that receive federal funds . If an agency is found in violation of Title VI , that agency may lose its federal funding . General This title declares it to be the policy of the United States that discrimination on the ground of race , color , or national origin shall not occur in connection with programs and activities receiving Federal financial assistance and authorizes and directs the appropriate Federal departments and agencies to take action to carry out this policy . This title is not intended to apply to foreign assistance programs . Section 601 -- This section states the general principle that no person in the United States shall be excluded from participation in or otherwise discriminated against on the ground of race , color , or national origin under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance . Section 602 directs each Federal agency administering a program of Federal financial assistance by way of grant , contract , or loan to take action pursuant to rule , regulation , or order of general applicability to effectuate the principle of section 601 in a manner consistent with the achievement of the objectives of the statute authorizing the assistance . In seeking the effect compliance with its requirements imposed under this section , an agency is authorized to terminate or to refuse to grant or to continue assistance under a program to any recipient as to whom there has been an express finding pursuant to a hearing of a failure to comply with the requirements under that program , and it may also employ any other means authorized by law . However , each agency is directed first to seek compliance with its requirements by voluntary means . Section 603 provides that any agency action taken pursuant to section 602 shall be subject to such judicial review as would be available for similar actions by that agency on other grounds . Where the agency action consists of terminating or refusing to grant or to continue financial assistance because of a finding of a failure of the recipient to comply with the agency 's requirements imposed under section 602 , and the agency action would not otherwise be subject to judicial review under existing law , judicial review shall nevertheless be available to any person aggrieved as provided in section 10 of the Administrative Procedure Act ( 5 U.S.C. § 1009 ) . The section also states explicitly that in the latter situation such agency action shall not be deemed committed to unreviewable agency discretion within the meaning of section 10 . The purpose of this provision is to obviate the possible argument that although section 603 provides for review in accordance with section 10 , section 10 itself has an exception for action `` committed to agency discretion , '' which might otherwise be carried over into section 603 . It is not the purpose of this provision of section 603 , however , otherwise to alter the scope of judicial review as presently provided in section 10 ( e ) of the Administrative Procedure Act . Title VII ( edit ) See also : United States labor law and Employment discrimination law in the United States Title VII of the Act , codified as Subchapter VI of Chapter 21 of title 42 of the United States Code , prohibits discrimination by covered employers on the basis of race , color , religion , sex or national origin ( see 42 U.S.C. § 2000e - 2 ) . Title VII applies to and covers an employer `` who has fifteen ( 15 ) or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year '' as written in the Definitions section under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e ( b ) . Title VII also prohibits discrimination against an individual because of his or her association with another individual of a particular race , color , religion , sex , or national origin , such as by an interracial marriage . The EEO Title VII has also been supplemented with legislation prohibiting pregnancy , age , and disability discrimination ( See Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 , Age Discrimination in Employment Act , Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ) . In very narrowly defined situations , an employer is permitted to discriminate on the basis of a protected trait where the trait is a bona fide occupational qualification ( BFOQ ) reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business or enterprise . To prove the bona fide occupational qualifications defense , an employer must prove three elements : a direct relationship between the protected trait and the ability to perform the duties of the job , the BFOQ relates to the `` essence '' or `` central mission of the employer 's business '' , and there is no less - restrictive or reasonable alternative ( United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls , Inc. , 499 U.S. 187 ( 1991 ) 111 S. Ct. 1196 ) . The Bona Fide Occupational Qualification exception is an extremely narrow exception to the general prohibition of discrimination based on protected traits ( Dothard v. Rawlinson , 433 U.S. 321 ( 1977 ) 97 S. Ct. 2720 ) . An employer or customer 's preference for an individual of a particular religion is not sufficient to establish a Bona Fide Occupational Qualification ( Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Kamehameha School -- Bishop Estate , 990 F. 2d 458 ( 9th Cir. 1993 ) ) . Title VII allows for any employer , labor organization , joint labor - management committee , or employment agency to bypass the `` unlawful employment practice '' for any person involved with the Communist Party of the United States or of any other organization required to register as a Communist - action or Communist - front organization by final order of the Subversive Activities Control Board pursuant to the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950 . There are partial and whole exceptions to Title VII for four types of employers : Federal government ; ( Comment : The proscriptions against employment discrimination under Title VII are now applicable to certain federal government offices under 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e - 16 ) Federally recognized Native American tribes Religious groups performing work connected to the group 's activities , including associated education institutions ; Bona fide nonprofit private membership organizations . The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ( EEOC ) as well as certain state fair employment practices agencies ( FEPAs ) enforce Title VII ( see 42 U.S.C. § 2000e - 4 ) . The EEOC and state FEPAs investigate , mediate , and may file lawsuits on behalf of employees . Where a state law is contradicted by a federal law , it is overridden . Every state , except Arkansas and Mississippi , maintains a state FEPA ( see EEOC and state FEPA directory ) . Title VII also provides that an individual can bring a private lawsuit . An individual must file a complaint of discrimination with the EEOC within 180 days of learning of the discrimination or the individual may lose the right to file a lawsuit . Title VII only applies to employers who employ 15 or more employees for 20 or more weeks in the current or preceding calendar year ( 42 U.S.C. § 2000e ( b ) ) . Precedents and History ( edit ) In the early 1980s , the EEOC and some federal courts began holding that sexual harassment is also prohibited under the Act . In 1986 , the Supreme Court held in Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson , 477 U.S. 57 ( 1986 ) , that sexual harassment is sex discrimination and is prohibited by Title VII . This case filed by plaintiff Mechelle Vinson was the first in the history of the court to recognize sexual harassment as actionable . Following 1986 , court cases in which the plaintiff suffers no economic loss can potentially argue for a violation of Title VII if the discrimination resulted in a hostile work environment . Same - sex sexual harassment has also been held in a unanimous decision written by Justice Scalia to be prohibited by Title VII ( Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services , Inc. , 523 U.S. 75 ( 1998 ) , 118 S. Ct. 998 ) . In 2012 , the EEOC ruled that employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity or transgender status is prohibited under Title VII . The decision held that discrimination on the basis of gender identity qualified as discrimination on the basis of sex whether the discrimination was due to sex stereotyping , discomfort with the fact of an individual 's transition , or discrimination due to a perceived change in the individual 's sex . In 2014 , the EEOC initiated two lawsuits against private companies for discrimination on the basis of gender identity , with additional litigation under consideration . As of November 2014 , Commissioner Chai Feldblum is making an active effort to increase awareness of Title VII remedies for individuals discriminated on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity . On December 15 , 2014 , under a memorandum issued by Attorney General Eric Holder , the United States Department of Justice ( DoJ ) took a position that aligned with the EEOC , namely the prohibition of sex discrimination under Title VII encompassed the prohibition of discrimination based on gender identity or transgender status . DoJ had already stopped opposing claims of discrimination brought by federal transgender employees . In October 2017 , Attorney General Jeff Sessions issued a directive that withdrew the Holder memorandum . According to a copy of the directive reviewed by BuzzFeed News , Sessions stated that Title VII should be narrowly interpreted to cover discrimination between `` men and women '' . Attorney General Session stated as a matter of law , `` Title VII does not prohibit discrimination based on gender identity per se . '' Devin O'Malley , speaking on behalf of the DoJ , stated `` the last administration abandoned that fundamental principle ( that the Department of Justice can not expand the law beyond what Congress has provided ) , which necessitated today 's action . '' Sharon McGowan , a lawyer with Lambda Legal who previously served in the Civil Rights division of DoJ , rejected that argument , saying `` ( T ) his memo is not actually a reflection of the law as it is -- it 's a reflection of what the DOJ wishes the law were '' and `` The Justice Department is actually getting back in the business of making anti-transgender law in court . '' On December 11 , 2017 , the United States Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal in Evans v. Georgia Regional Hospital , in which a lower court ruled against the plaintiff , who had argued Title VII protections applied to sexual orientation . The 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals stated in its earlier ruling that only the Supreme Court could determine if Title VII applied . Title viii ( edit ) Required compilation of voter - registration and voting data in geographic areas specified by the Commission on Civil Rights . Title IX ( edit ) Title IX made it easier to move civil rights cases from state courts to federal court . This was of crucial importance to civil rights activists who contended that they could not get fair trials in state courts . Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 should not be confused with Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 , which prohibits sex discrimination in federally funded education programs and activities . Title X ( edit ) Established the Community Relations Service , tasked with assisting in community disputes involving claims of discrimination . Title XI ( edit ) Title XI gives a defendant accused of certain categories of criminal contempt in a matter arising under title II , III , IV , V , VI , or VII of the Act the right to a jury trial . If convicted , the defendant can be fined an amount not to exceed $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than six months . Continued resistance ( edit ) There were white business owners who claimed that Congress did not have the constitutional authority to ban segregation in public accommodations . For example , Moreton Rolleston , the owner of a motel in Atlanta , Georgia , said he should not be forced to serve black travelers , saying , `` the fundamental question ... is whether or not Congress has the power to take away the liberty of an individual to run his business as he sees fit in the selection and choice of his customers '' . Rolleston claimed that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a breach of the Fourteenth Amendment and also violated the Fifth and Thirteenth Amendments by depriving him of `` liberty and property without due process '' . In Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States ( 1964 ) , the Supreme Court held that Congress drew its authority from the Constitution 's Commerce Clause , rejecting Rolleston 's claims . Resistance to the public accommodation clause continued for years on the ground , especially in the South . When local college students in Orangeburg , South Carolina attempted to desegregate a bowling alley in 1968 , they were violently attacked , leading to rioting and what became known as the `` Orangeburg massacre . '' Resistance by school boards continued into the next decade , with the most significant declines in black - white school segregation only occurring at the end of the 1960s and the start of the 1970s in the aftermath of the Green v. County School Board of New Kent County ( 1968 ) court decision . Amendments ( edit ) Between 1965 and 1972 , Title VII lacked any strong enforcement provisions . Instead , the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was authorized only to investigate external claims of discrimination . The EEOC could then refer cases to the Justice Department for litigation if reasonable cause was found . The EEOC documented the nature and magnitude of discriminatory employment practices , the first study of this kind done . In 1972 , Congress passed the Equal Employment Opportunity Act . The Act amended Title VII and gave EEOC authority to initiate its own enforcement litigation . The EEOC now played a major role in guiding judicial interpretations of civil rights legislation . The commission was also permitted for the first time to define `` discrimination , '' a term excluded from the 1964 Act . Subsequent Court rulings ( edit ) The Constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was , at the time , in some dispute as it applied to the private sector . In the landmark Civil Rights Cases the United States Supreme Court had ruled , in 1883 , that Congress did not have the power to prohibit discrimination in the private sector , thus stripping the Civil Rights Act of 1875 of much of its ability to protect civil rights . In the late 19th and early 20th century , the legal justification for voiding the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was part of a larger trend by members of the United States Supreme Court to invalidate most government regulations of the private sector , except when dealing with laws designed to protect traditional public morality . In the 1930s , during the New Deal , the majority of the Supreme Court justices gradually shifted their legal theory to allow for greater government regulation of the private sector under the commerce clause , thus paving the way for the Federal government to enact civil rights laws prohibiting both public and private sector discrimination on the basis of the commerce clause . After the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed , the Supreme Court upheld the law 's application to the private sector , on the grounds that Congress has the power to regulate commerce between the States . The landmark case Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States established the constitutionality of the law , but it did not settle all of the legal questions surrounding the law . In Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp. , a 1971 Supreme Court case regarding the gender provisions of the Act , the Court ruled that a company could not discriminate against a potential female employee because she had a preschool - age child unless they did the same with potential male employees . A federal court overruled an Ohio state law that barred women from obtaining jobs which required the ability to lift 25 pounds and required women to take lunch breaks when men were not required to . In Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations , the United States Supreme Court decided that printing separate job listings for men and women was illegal , which ended that practice among the country 's newspapers . The United States Civil Service Commission ended the practice among federal jobs which designated them `` women only '' or `` men only '' . In 1974 , the Supreme Court also ruled that the San Francisco school district was violating non-English speaking students ' rights under the 1964 act by placing them in regular classes rather than providing some sort of accommodation for them . In 1975 , a federal civil rights agency warned a Phoenix , Arizona school that its end - of - year father - son and mother - daughter baseball games were illegal according to the 1964 Civil Rights Act . President Gerald Ford intervened , and the games were allowed to continue . In 1977 , the Supreme Court struck down state minimum height requirements for police officers as violating the Act ; women usually could not meet these requirements . On April 4 , 2017 , the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in Chicago , sitting en banc , ruled that Title VII of the Act forbids discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation by a vote of 8 -- 3 . Over the prior month , panels of both the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in Atlanta and the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in New York City had reached the opposite conclusion , finding that Title VII sex discrimination does not include claims based on sexual orientation . Influence ( edit ) Despite its lack of influence during its time , the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had considerable impact on later civil rights legislation in the United States . It paved the way for future legislation that was not limited to African American civil rights . The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 -- which has been called `` the most important piece of federal legislation since the Civil Rights Act of 1964 '' -- was influenced both by the structure and substance of the previous Civil Rights Act of 1964 . The act was arguably of equal importance , and `` draws substantially from the structure of that landmark legislation ( Civil Rights Act of 1964 ) '' . The Americans With Disabilities Act paralleled its landmark predecessor structurally , drawing upon many of the same titles and statutes . For example , `` Title I of the ADA , which bans employment discrimination by private employers on the basis of disability , parallels Title VII of the Act '' . Similarly , Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act , `` which proscribes discrimination on the basis of disability in public accommodations , tracks Title II of the 1964 Act while expanding upon the list of public accommodations covered . '' The Americans with Disabilities Act extended `` the principle of nondiscrimination to people with disabilities '' , an idea unsought in the United States before the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . The Act also influenced later civil rights legislation , such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 , aiding not only African Americans , but also women . See also ( edit ) US labor law Civil Rights Movement Affirmative action in the United States Bennett Amendment Bourke B. Hickenlooper Other civil rights legislation Civil Rights Act of 1866 Civil Rights Act of 1871 Civil Rights Act of 1875 Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights Act of 1960 Civil Rights Act of 1968 Civil Rights Act of 1991 Employment Non-Discrimination Act Equal Pay Act of 1963 Equality Act of 2015 Enforcement Act of 1870 First Enforcement Act of 1871 Second Enforcement Act of 1871 Lodge Bill Reconstruction Acts Voting Rights Act of 1965 Court cases Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States ( 1964 ) Katzenbach v. McClung ( 1964 ) Griggs v. Duke Power Co. ( 1971 ) Washington v. Davis ( 1976 ) Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio ( 1989 ) Ricci v. DeStefano ( 2009 ) Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` H.R. 7152 . PASSAGE . '' GovTrack.us . Jump up ^ `` HR. 7152 . PASSAGE '' . GovTrack.us . Jump up ^ `` H.R. 7152 . CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 . ADOPTION OF A RESOLUTION ( H. RES. 789 ) PROVIDING FOR HOUSE APPROVAL OF THE BILL AS AMENDED BY THE SENATE . '' GovTrack.us . Jump up ^ Milestones In The History of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission : 1972 Accessed July 1 , 2014 Jump up ^ Wright , Susan ( 2005 ) , The Civil Rights Act of 1964 : Landmark Antidiscrimination Legislation , The Rosen Publishing Group , ISBN 1 - 4042 - 0455 - 5 Jump up ^ `` Transcript of Civil Rights Act ( 1964 ) '' . Retrieved July 28 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Radio and television address on civil rights , 11 June 1963 '' . John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum . 1963 - 06 - 11 . Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 23 . Jump up ^ `` Eyes on the Prize : America 's Civil Rights Years , episode 4 `` No Easy Walk ( 1961 -- 1963 ) '' `` . Jump up ^ Civil Rights Act Passes in the House ~ Civil Rights Movement Veterans Jump up ^ Loevy , Robert ( 1997 ) , The Civil Rights Act of 1964 : The Passage of the Law that Ended Racial Segregation , State University of New York Press , p. 171 . ISBN 0 - 7914 - 3362 - 5 Jump up ^ Golway , Terry and Krantz , Les ( 2010 ) , JFK : Day by Day , Running Press , p. 284 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7624 - 3742 - 9 Jump up ^ Reeves , Richard ( 1993 ) , President Kennedy : Profile of Power , pp. 628 -- 631 Jump up ^ `` Transition to Johnson '' . UPI . Jump up ^ `` History of The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights & The Leadership Conference Education Fund -- The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights '' . Jump up ^ Cone , James H. ( 1991 ) . Martin & Malcolm & America : A Dream or a Nightmare . p. 2 . ISBN 0 - 88344 - 721 - 5 . Jump up ^ `` A Case History : The 1964 Civil Rights Act '' . The Dirksen Congressional Center . Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` The Civil Rights Act : What JFK , LBJ , Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had to say '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 02 . Jump up ^ 1963 Year In Review -- Part 1 -- Civil Rights Bill United Press International , 1963 Jump up ^ Civil Rights Act -- Battle in the Senate ~ Civil Rights Movement Veterans Jump up ^ Civil Rights Filibuster Ended -- United States Senate Jump up ^ Dallek , Robert ( 2004 ) , Lyndon B. Johnson : Portrait of a President , p. 169 ^ Jump up to : King , Desmond ( 1995 ) . Separate and Unequal : Black Americans and the US Federal Government . p. 311 . Jump up ^ Jeong , Gyung - Ho ; Gary J. Miller ; Itai Sened ( 2009 - 03 - 14 ) . Closing The Deal : Negotiating Civil Rights Legislation . 67th Annual Conference of the Midwest Political Science Association . p. 29 . Archived from the original on 2016 - 07 - 29 . Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 29 . Jump up ^ EL . `` Were Republicans Really ... ? '' . Guardian . Retrieved 16 September 2016 . Jump up ^ U.S. House of Representatives . Office of the Clerk of the House . 4 / 1 / 1789 - ( 25 September 1964 ) . `` Excerpt of the Engrossing Copy of H.R. 7152 , the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , Showing Amendments '' -- via US National Archives Research Catalog . Jump up ^ Freeman , Jo . `` How ' Sex ' Got Into Title VII : Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy , '' Law and Inequality : A Journal of Theory and Practice , Vol. 9 , No. 2 , March 1991 , pp 163 -- 184 . online version Jump up ^ Rosenberg , Rosalind ( 2008 ) , Divided Lives : American Women in the Twentieth Century , pp. 187 -- 88 Jump up ^ Gittinger , Ted and Fisher , Allen , LBJ Champions the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , Part 2 , Prologue Magazine , The National Archives , Summer 2004 , Vol. 36 , No. 2 ( `` Certainly Smith hoped that such a divisive issue would torpedo the civil rights bill , if not in the House , then in the Senate . '' ) ^ Jump up to : Frum , David ( 2000 ) . How We Got Here : The ' 70s . pp. 245 -- 246 , 249 . ISBN 0 - 465 - 04195 - 7 . Jump up ^ The American Presidency Project Jump up ^ Dierenfield , Bruce J ( 1981 ) . `` Conservative Outrage : the Defeat in 1966 of Representative Howard W. Smith of Virginia '' . Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 89 ( 2 ) : 194 . ^ Jump up to : Gold , Michael Evan . A Tale of Two Amendments : The Reasons Congress Added Sex to Title VII and Their Implication for the Issue of Comparable Worth . Faculty Publications -- Collective Bargaining , Labor Law , and Labor History . Cornell , 1981 ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Olson , Lynne ( 2001 ) , Freedom 's Daughters : The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement , p. 360 Jump up ^ Rosenberg , Rosalind ( 2008 ) , Divided Lives : American Women in the Twentieth Century , p. 187 notes that Smith had been working for years with two Virginia feminists on the issue . Jump up ^ Harrison , Cynthia ( 1989 ) , On Account of Sex : The Politics of Women 's Issues , 1945 -- 1968 , p. 179 Jump up ^ ( 477 U.S. 57 , 63 -- 64 ) ^ Jump up to : Frum , David ( 2000 ) . How We Got Here : The ' 70s . pp. 251 -- 252 . Jump up ^ Kotz , Nick ( 2005 ) , Judgment Days : Lyndon Baines Johnson , Martin Luther King , Jr. , and the Laws that Changed America , p. 61 . Jump up ^ Branch , Taylor ( 1998 ) , Pillar of Fire , p. 187 . Jump up ^ Brownstein , Ronald ( May 23 , 2009 ) . `` For GOP , A Southern Exposure '' . National Journal . Retrieved July 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Robert Sherrill ( 25 May 2001 ) . `` Conservatism as Phoenix '' . The Nation . Jump up ^ Voting Rights ~ Civil Rights Movement Veterans Jump up ^ `` Major Features of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 '' . CongressLink . The Dirksen Congressional Center . Archived from the original on December 6 , 2014 . Retrieved March 14 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title II '' . Wake Forest University . ^ Jump up to : `` Civil Rights Act of 1964 -- CRA -- Title VII -- Equal Employment Opportunities -- 42 US Code Chapter 21 '' . finduslaw . Retrieved 2010 - 06 - 06 . Jump up ^ Parr v. Woodmen of the World Life Insurance Company , 791 F. 2d 888 ( 11th Cir. 1986 ) . Jump up ^ `` Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 '' . Finduslaw.com . Retrieved 2010 - 06 - 06 . Jump up ^ https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/images/act-06.jpg Jump up ^ U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration . ( 1999 ) `` Chapter 2 : Laws and Regulations with Implications for Assessments '' . ( 2 ) ^ Jump up to : 1946 - , Cochran , Augustus B. , ( 2004 ) . Sexual harassment and the law : the Mechelle Vinson case . Lawrence , Kan. : University Press of Kansas . ISBN 0700613234 . OCLC 53284947 . Jump up ^ Macy v. Holder , EEOC Appeal No. 0120120821 ( April 20 , 2012 ) Jump up ^ Quinones , Sam ( April 25 , 2012 ) . `` EEOC rules job protections also apply to transgender people '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Rosenberg , Mica ( September 9 , 2014 ) . `` U.S. government lawsuits target transgender discrimination in workplace '' . Reuters . Retrieved November 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` What You Should Know about EEOC and the Enforcement Protections for LGBT Workers '' . Equal Employment Opportunity Commission . Jump up ^ Chai Feldblum ( @ chaifeldblum ) ( 6 November 2014 ) . `` ICYMI -- EEOC helping LGBT people get protection from discrimination under sex discrimination laws '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ Geidner , Chris ( 18 December 2014 ) . `` Justice Department Will Now Support Transgender Discrimination Claims In Litigation '' . BuzzFeed News . Retrieved 5 October 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Holden , Dominic ( 5 October 2017 ) . `` Jeff Sessions Just Reversed A Policy That Protects Transgender Workers From Discrimination '' . BuzzFeed News . Retrieved 5 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Goico , Allison L. ; Geller , Hayley ( 6 October 2017 ) . `` US Attorney General Jefferson Sessions Issues New Guidance On Transgender Employees '' . The National Law Review . Dinsmore & Shohl LLP . Retrieved 15 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Chung , Andrew ( 11 December 2017 ) . `` U.S. high court turns away dispute over gay worker protections '' . Reuters . Reuters . Retrieved 11 December 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Sandoval - Strausz , A.K. ( Spring 2005 ) . `` Travelers , Strangers , and Jim Crow : Law , Public Accommodations , and Civil Rights in America '' . Law and History Review . 23 ( 1 ) : 53 -- 94 . doi : 10.1017 / s0738248000000055 . JSTOR 30042844 . Jump up ^ Alan Taylor . `` 1964 : Civil Rights Battles '' . The Atlantic . Jump up ^ Wolcott , Victoria W. ( 16 August 2012 ) . `` Race , Riots , and Roller Coasters : The Struggle over Segregated Recreation in America '' . University of Pennsylvania Press -- via Google Books . Jump up ^ Sean F. Reardon , Ann Owens , `` 60 Years After Brown : Trends and Consequences of School Segregation '' Annual Review of Sociology Vol. 14 , 2014 Jump up ^ `` Equal Employment Opportunity Commission '' . LII / Legal Information Institute . Jump up ^ `` The Civil Rights Act of March 1 , 1875 '' , www.gmu.edu . Jump up ^ Frum , David ( 2000 ) . How We Got Here : The ' 70s . p. 270 . Jump up ^ Frankel , Alison ( 5 April 2017 ) . `` The shrewdness of Judge Wood 's opinion in LGBT workplace bias case '' . Reuters . Retrieved 6 April 2017 . Jump up ^ Briscoe , Tony ( 4 April 2017 ) . `` Court : Civil Rights Act covers LGBT workplace bias '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 6 April 2017 . Jump up ^ Haag , Matthew ; Chokshi , Niraj ( 5 April 2017 ) . `` Civil Rights Act Protects Gay Workers , Court Rules '' . The New York Times . p . A17 . Retrieved 6 April 2017 . Jump up ^ Dinerstein , Robert D. ( ) . The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 : Progeny of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . American Bar Association . JSTOR . References ( edit ) Branch , Taylor ( 1998 ) , Pillar of Fire : America in the King Years 1963 -- 65 , New York : Simon & Schuster . Brauer , Carl M. , `` Women Activists , Southern Conservatives , and the Prohibition of Sexual Discrimination in Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act '' , 49 Journal of Southern History , February 1983 . Burstein , Paul ( 1985 ) , Discrimination , Jobs and Politics : The Struggle for Equal Employment Opportunity in the United States since the New Deal , Chicago : University of Chicago Press . Finley , Keith M. ( 2008 ) , Delaying the Dream : Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights , 1938 -- 1965 , Baton Rouge : LSU Press . Freeman , Jo . `` How ' Sex ' Got Into Title VII : Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy '' Law and Inequality : A Journal of Theory and Practice , Vol. 9 , No. 2 , March 1991 , pp. 163 -- 184 . online version Graham , Hugh ( 1990 ) , The Civil Rights Era : Origins and Development of National Policy , 1960 -- 1972 , New York : Oxford University Press . Gregory , Raymond F. ( 2014 ) . The Civil Rights Act and the Battle to End Workplace Discrimination . Lanham , MD : Rowman and Littlefield . Harrison , Cynthia ( 1988 ) , On Account of Sex : The Politics of Women 's Issues 1945 -- 1968 , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press . Jeong , Gyung - Ho , Gary J. Miller , and Itai Sened , `` Closing the Deal : Negotiating Civil Rights Legislation '' , American Political Science Review , 103 ( Nov. 2009 ) Loevy , Robert D. ( 1990 ) , To End All Segregation : The Politics of the Passage of The Civil Rights Act of 1964 , Lanham , MD : University Press of America . Loevy , Robert D. ed. ( 1997 ) , The Civil Rights Act of 1964 : The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation , Albany , NY : State University of New York Press . Loevy , Robert D . `` The Presidency and Domestic Policy : The Civil Rights Act of 1964 , '' in David C. Kozak and Kenneth N. Ciboski , ed. , The American Presidency ( Chicago : Nelson Hall , 1985 ) , pp. 411 -- 419 . online version Mann , Robert ( 1996 ) . The Walls of Jericho : Lyndon Johnson , Hubert Humphrey , Richard Russell , and the Struggle for Civil Rights . Pedriana , Nicholas , and Stryker , Robin . `` The Strength of a Weak Agency : Enforcement of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the Expansion of State Capacity , 1965 -- 1971 , '' American Journal of Sociology , Nov 2004 , Vol. 110 Issue 3 , pp 709 -- 760 Rodriguez , Daniel B. and Weingast , Barry R . `` The Positive Political Theory of Legislative History : New Perspectives on the 1964 Civil Rights Act and Its Interpretation '' , University of Pennsylvania Law Review , Vol. 151 . ( 2003 ) online Rothstein , Mark A. , Andria S. Knapp & Lance Liebman ( 1987 ) . Employment Law : Cases and Materials . Foundation Press . Warren , Dan R. ( 2008 ) , If It Takes All Summer : Martin Luther King , the KKK , and States ' Rights in St. Augustine , 1964 , Tuscaloosa , AL : University of Alabama Press . Whalen , Charles and Whalen , Barbara ( 1985 ) , The Longest Debate : A Legislative History of the 1964 Civil Rights Act , Cabin John , MD : Seven Locks Press . Woods , Randall B. ( 2006 ) , LBJ : Architect of American Ambition , New York : Free Press , ch 22 . Zimmer , Michael J. , Charles A. Sullivan & Richard F. Richards , Cases and Materials on Employment Discrimination , Little , Brown and Company ( 1982 ) . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Civil Rights Act of 1964 . Civil Rights Act of 1964 bill Major Features of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and A Case History : The 1964 Civil Rights Act as provided by The Dirksen Center Text of Civil Rights Act of 1964 -- Title VII -- 42 US Code Chapter 21 ( Employment Discrimination ) Martin Luther King 's famous `` I Have a Dream '' speech , plus background including Civil Rights bill . 1963 March on Washington , civil rights including JFK death date . Presidency book excerpt , the legislative history of this bill as it became an Act . Background facts including enactment date . Directory of EEOC offices , addresses , and hours of operation . President Lyndon B. Johnson 's Radio and Television Remarks Upon Signing the Civil Rights Bill Civil Rights Movement Veterans 50th Anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 curated by Michigan State University 's Diversity of Excellence through Artistic Expression Civil Rights Act of 1964 , Civil Rights Digital Library ( hide ) Civil rights movement Notable events ( timeline ) Prior to 1954 Lynching in the United States Murder of Harry and Harriette Moore 1954 -- 1959 Brown v. Board of Education Bolling v. Sharpe Briggs v. Elliott Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County Gebhart v. Belton White America , Inc . Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company Emmett Till Montgomery bus boycott Browder v. Gayle Tallahassee bus boycott Mansfield school desegregation 1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom `` Give Us the Ballot '' Royal Ice Cream sit - in Little Rock Nine National Guard blockade Civil Rights Act of 1957 Kissing Case Biloxi wade - ins 1960 -- 1963 Greensboro sit - ins Nashville sit - ins Sit - in movement Civil Rights Act of 1960 Gomillion v. Lightfoot Boynton v. Virginia Rock Hill sit - ins Robert F. Kennedy 's Law Day Address Freedom Rides attacks Garner v. Louisiana Albany Movement University of Chicago sit - ins `` Second Emancipation Proclamation '' Meredith enrollment , Ole Miss riot `` Segregation now , segregation forever '' Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 1963 Birmingham campaign Letter from Birmingham Jail Children 's Crusade Birmingham riot 16th Street Baptist Church bombing John F. Kennedy 's Report to the American People on Civil Rights March on Washington `` I Have a Dream '' St. Augustine movement 1964 -- 1968 Twenty - fourth Amendment Bloody Tuesday Freedom Summer workers ' murders Civil Rights Act of 1964 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches `` How Long , Not Long '' Voting Rights Act of 1965 Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections March Against Fear White House Conference on Civil Rights Chicago Freedom Movement / Chicago open housing movement Memphis sanitation strike King assassination funeral riots Poor People 's Campaign Civil Rights Act of 1968 Green v. County School Board of New Kent County Activist groups Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights Atlanta Student Movement Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Congress of Racial Equality ( CORE ) Committee on Appeal for Human Rights Council for United Civil Rights Leadership Dallas County Voters League Deacons for Defense and Justice Georgia Council on Human Relations Highlander Folk School Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights Montgomery Improvement Association Nashville Student Movement NAACP Youth Council Northern Student Movement National Council of Negro Women National Urban League Operation Breadbasket Regional Council of Negro Leadership Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) Southern Regional Council Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ( SNCC ) The Freedom Singers Wednesdays in Mississippi Women 's Political Council Activists Ralph Abernathy Victoria Gray Adams Zev Aelony Mathew Ahmann William G. Anderson Gwendolyn Armstrong Arnold Aronson Ella Baker Marion Barry Daisy Bates Harry Belafonte James Bevel Claude Black Gloria Blackwell Randolph Blackwell Unita Blackwell Ezell Blair Jr . Joanne Bland Julian Bond Joseph E. Boone William Holmes Borders Amelia Boynton Raylawni Branch Ruby Bridges Aurelia Browder H. Rap Brown Guy Carawan Stokely Carmichael Johnnie Carr James Chaney J.L. Chestnut Colia Lafayette Clark Ramsey Clark Septima Clark Xernona Clayton Eldridge Cleaver Kathleen Cleaver Charles E. Cobb Jr . Annie Lee Cooper Dorothy Cotton Claudette Colvin Vernon Dahmer Jonathan Daniels Joseph DeLaine Dave Dennis Annie Devine Patricia Stephens Due Joseph Ellwanger Charles Evers Medgar Evers Myrlie Evers - Williams Chuck Fager James Farmer Walter E. Fauntroy James Forman Marie Foster Golden Frinks Andrew Goodman Fred Gray Jack Greenberg Dick Gregory Lawrence Guyot Prathia Hall Fannie Lou Hamer William E. Harbour Vincent Harding Dorothy Height Lola Hendricks Aaron Henry Oliver Hill Donald L. Hollowell James Hood Myles Horton Zilphia Horton T.R.M. Howard Ruby Hurley Jesse Jackson Jimmie Lee Jackson Richie Jean Jackson T.J. Jemison Esau Jenkins Barbara Rose Johns Vernon Johns Frank Minis Johnson Clarence Jones J. Charles Jones Matthew Jones Vernon Jordan Tom Kahn Clyde Kennard A.D. King C.B. King Coretta Scott King Martin Luther King Jr . Martin Luther King Sr . Bernard Lafayette James Lawson Bernard Lee Sanford R. Leigh Jim Letherer Stanley Levison John Lewis Viola Liuzzo Z. Alexander Looby Joseph Lowery Clara Luper Malcolm X Mae Mallory Vivian Malone Thurgood Marshall Benjamin Mays Franklin McCain Charles McDew Ralph McGill Floyd McKissick Joseph McNeil James Meredith William Ming Jack Minnis Amzie Moore Douglas E. Moore Harriette Moore Harry T. Moore William Lewis Moore Irene Morgan Bob Moses William Moyer Elijah Muhammad Diane Nash Charles Neblett Edgar Nixon Jack O'Dell James Orange Rosa Parks James Peck Charles Person Homer Plessy Adam Clayton Powell Jr . Fay Bellamy Powell Al Raby Lincoln Ragsdale A. Philip Randolph George Raymond Jr . Bernice Johnson Reagon Cordell Reagon James Reeb Frederick D. Reese Gloria Richardson David Richmond Bernice Robinson Jo Ann Robinson Bayard Rustin Bernie Sanders Michael Schwerner Cleveland Sellers Charles Sherrod Alexander D. Shimkin Fred Shuttlesworth Modjeska Monteith Simkins Glenn E. Smiley A. Maceo Smith Kelly Miller Smith Mary Louise Smith Maxine Smith Ruby Doris Smith - Robinson Charles Kenzie Steele Hank Thomas Dorothy Tillman A.P. Tureaud Hartman Turnbow Albert Turner C.T. Vivian Wyatt Tee Walker Hollis Watkins Walter Francis White Roy Wilkins Hosea Williams Kale Williams Robert F. Williams Andrew Young Whitney Young Sammy Younge Jr . James Zwerg Influences Nonviolence Padayatra Sermon on the Mount Mahatma Gandhi Ahimsa Satyagraha The Kingdom of God Is Within You Frederick Douglass W.E.B. Du Bois Mary McLeod Bethune Related Jim Crow laws Plessy v. Ferguson Separate but equal Buchanan v. Warley Hocutt v. Wilson Sweatt v. Painter Heart of Atlanta Motel , Inc. v. United States Katzenbach v. McClung Loving v. Virginia Fifth Circuit Four Brown Chapel Holt Street Baptist Church Edmund Pettus Bridge March on Washington Movement African - American churches attacked Journey of Reconciliation Freedom Songs `` Kumbaya '' `` Keep Your Eyes on the Prize '' `` Oh , Freedom '' `` This Little Light of Mine '' `` We Shall Not Be Moved '' `` We Shall Overcome '' Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam `` Beyond Vietnam : A Time to Break Silence '' Watts riots Voter Education Project 1960s counterculture In popular culture King Memorial Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument Freedom Riders National Monument Civil Rights Memorial The New Jim Crow ( 2010 ) Noted historians Taylor Branch Clayborne Carson John Dittmer Michael Eric Dyson Chuck Fager Adam Fairclough David Garrow David Halberstam Vincent Harding Steven F. Lawson Doug McAdam Diane McWhorter Charles M. Payne Timothy Tyson Akinyele Umoja Movement photographers Lyndon B. Johnson 36th President of the United States ( 1963 -- 1969 ) 37th Vice President of the United States ( 1961 -- 1963 ) U.S. Senator from Texas ( 1949 -- 1961 ) U.S. Representative for TX - 10 ( 1937 -- 1949 ) Presidency 1963 inauguration 1965 inauguration Great Society Architectural Barriers Act Child Nutrition Act Civil Rights Act of 1964 Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of Transportation Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 Head Start Program Job Corps Elementary and Secondary Education Act Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Fair Housing Act of 1968 Food Stamp Act of 1964 Glassboro Summit Gun Control Act of 1968 Higher Education Act of 1965 Upward Bound TRIO Teacher Corps Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 Johnson Doctrine Dominican Republic occupation Medicare Medicaid Meritorious Service Medal National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities Non-Discrimination in Federal contracts Executive Order 11375 Older Americans Act Operation CHAOS Outer Space Treaty Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 Vietnam War Gulf of Tonkin Resolution `` Credibility gap '' VISTA Voting Rights Act of 1965 War on Poverty White House Conference on Civil Rights White House preservation State of the Union Address , 1966 1968 Cabinet Judicial appointments Supreme Court controversies Life Early years and career Operation Texas Texas Broadcasting Company Johnson Amendment Bashir Ahmad Legacy Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Lyndon Baines Johnson Day Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs Memorial Grove on the Potomac U.S. Postage stamp Books Bibliography Elections United States House of Representatives special elections , 1937 United States House of Representatives elections , 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 United States Senate special elections , 1941 United States Senate elections , 1948 1954 1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries , 1960 1964 1968 Democratic National Convention 1956 1960 1964 United States presidential election , 1960 1964 Popular culture Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture Daisy advertisement Johnson cult The Years of Lyndon Johnson All the Way ( 2012 play , 2016 film ) LBJ ( 2017 film ) Family Claudia `` Lady Bird '' Taylor Johnson ( wife ) Lynda Bird Johnson Robb ( daughter ) Luci Baines Johnson ( daughter ) Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. ( father ) Rebekah Baines Johnson ( mother ) Sam Houston Johnson ( brother ) Samuel Ealy Johnson , Sr. ( grandfather ) Joseph Wilson Baines ( grandfather ) George Washington Baines ( great - grandfather ) Chuck Robb ( son - in - law ) ← John F. Kennedy Richard Nixon → Category Alice Paul Life Paulsdale Women 's Social and Political Union Initiated and co-strategized 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage National Woman 's Party Silent Sentinels Night of Terror Equal Rights Amendment Women 's rights in the 1964 Civil Rights Act Co-authored Equal Rights Amendment Main associates Alva Belmont Lucy Burns Crystal Eastman Inez Haynes Irwin Dora Lewis Inez Milholland Doris Stevens Mabel Vernon Legacy Belmont - Paul Women 's Equality National Monument 2012 ten - dollar coin 2020 United States ten - dollar bill Iron Jawed Angels ( 2004 film ) Alice Paul Institute Related 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution Women 's suffrage in the United States History of the United States Timeline Prehistory Pre-Columbian Colonial 1776 -- 89 1789 -- 1849 1849 -- 65 1865 -- 1918 1918 -- 45 1945 -- 64 1964 -- 80 1980 -- 91 1991 -- 2008 2008 -- present Topics American Century Cities Constitution Demographic Diplomatic Economic Education Immigration Medical Merchant Marine Military Musical Religious Slavery Southern Technological and industrial Territorial acquisitions Territorial evolution Voting rights Women This Is America , Charlie Brown Category Portal VIAF : 177423171 LCCN : n84150184 GND : 4406045 - 2 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964&oldid=837269259 '' Categories : Civil rights movement Anti-discrimination law in the United States Liberalism in the United States United States federal civil rights legislation United States federal criminal legislation United States federal labor legislation Anti-racism in the United States History of the United States ( 1945 -- 64 ) 88th United States Congress 1964 in American law 1964 in labour relations July 1964 events 1964 in American politics Hidden categories : Wikipedia pending changes protected pages Articles with hAudio microformats All articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from December 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Articles containing video clips Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano עברית ქართული Lietuvių Nederlands 日本 語 Português Română Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska Türkçe Українська Yorùbá 中文 12 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 April 2018 , at 19 : 28 . 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Question: who does the civil rights act of 1964 protect