Wool - wikipedia Wool Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Wool ( disambiguation ) . `` Fleeces '' redirects here . For other uses , see Fleece ( disambiguation ) . The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with Australia and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject . You may improve this article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate . ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Wool just before processing Unshorn Merino sheep Shorn sheep Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals , including cashmere and mohair from goats , qiviut from muskoxen , angora from rabbits , and other types of wool from camelids . Wool mainly consists of protein together with a few percent lipids . In this regard it is chemically quite distinct from the more dominant textile , cotton , which is mainly cellulose . Contents ( hide ) 1 Characteristics 2 Processing 2.1 Shearing 2.2 Scouring 3 Fineness and yield 4 History 5 Production 6 Marketing 6.1 Australia 6.2 Other countries 7 Yarn 8 Uses 9 Events 10 See also 10.1 Production 10.2 Processing 10.3 Refined products 10.4 Organizations 10.5 Miscellaneous wool 11 References 12 External links Characteristics ( edit ) Champion hogget fleece , Walcha Show Wool is produced by follicles which are small cells located in the skin . These follicles are located in the upper layer of the skin called the epidermis and push down into the second skin layer called the dermis as the wool fibers grow . Follicles can be classed as either primary or secondary follicles . Primary follicles produce three types of fiber : kemp , medullated fibers , and true wool fibers . Secondary follicles only produce true wool fibers . Medullated fibers share nearly identical characteristics to hair and are long but lack crimp and elasticity . Kemp fibers are very coarse and shed out . Fleece of fine New Zealand Merino wool and combed wool top on a wool table Wool 's scaling and crimp make it easier to spin the fleece by helping the individual fibers attach to each other , so they stay together . Because of the crimp , wool fabrics have greater bulk than other textiles , and they hold air , which causes the fabric to retain heat . Wool has a high specific heat coefficient , so it impedes heat transfer in general . This effect has benefited desert peoples , as Bedouins and Tuaregs use wool clothes for insulation . Felting of wool occurs upon hammering or other mechanical agitation as the microscopic barbs on the surface of wool fibers hook together . Wool has several qualities that distinguish it from hair / fur : it is crimped and elastic . The amount of crimp corresponds to the fineness of the wool fibers . A fine wool like Merino may have up to 100 crimps per inch , while coarser wool like karakul may have as few as one or two . In contrast , hair has little if any scale and no crimp , and little ability to bind into yarn . On sheep , the hair part of the fleece is called kemp . The relative amounts of kemp to wool vary from breed to breed and make some fleeces more desirable for spinning , felting , or carding into batts for quilts or other insulating products , including the famous tweed cloth of Scotland . Wool fibers readily absorb moisture , but are not hollow . Wool can absorb almost one - third of its own weight in water . Wool absorbs sound like many other fabrics . It is generally a creamy white color , although some breeds of sheep produce natural colors , such as black , brown , silver , and random mixes . Wool ignites at a higher temperature than cotton and some synthetic fibers . It has a lower rate of flame spread , a lower rate of heat release , a lower heat of combustion , and does not melt or drip ; it forms a char which is insulating and self - extinguishing , and it contributes less to toxic gases and smoke than other flooring products when used in carpets . Wool carpets are specified for high safety environments , such as trains and aircraft . Wool is usually specified for garments for firefighters , soldiers , and others in occupations where they are exposed to the likelihood of fire . Wool causes an allergic reaction in some people . Processing ( edit ) Shearing ( edit ) Fine Merino shearing Lismore , Victoria Main article : Sheep shearing Sheep shearing is the process by which the woolen fleece of a sheep is cut off . After shearing , the wool is separated into four main categories : fleece ( which makes up the vast bulk ) , broken , bellies , and locks . The quality of fleeces is determined by a technique known as wool classing , whereby a qualified person called a wool classer groups wools of similar gradings together to maximize the return for the farmer or sheep owner . In Australia before being auctioned , all Merino fleece wool is objectively measured for micron , yield ( including the amount of vegetable matter ) , staple length , staple strength , and sometimes color and comfort factor . Scouring ( edit ) Wool before and after scouring Wool straight off a sheep , known as `` greasy wool '' or `` wool in the grease '' , contains a high level of valuable lanolin , as well as the sheep 's dead skin and sweat residue , and generally also contains pesticides and vegetable matter from the animal 's environment . Before the wool can be used for commercial purposes , it must be scoured , a process of cleaning the greasy wool . Scouring may be as simple as a bath in warm water or as complicated as an industrial process using detergent and alkali in specialized equipment . In north west England , special potash pits were constructed to produce potash used in the manufacture of a soft soap for scouring locally produced white wool . In commercial wool , vegetable matter is often removed by chemical carbonization . In less - processed wools , vegetable matter may be removed by hand and some of the lanolin left intact through the use of gentler detergents . This semigrease wool can be worked into yarn and knitted into particularly water - resistant mittens or sweaters , such as those of the Aran Island fishermen . Lanolin removed from wool is widely used in cosmetic products such as hand creams . Fineness and yield ( edit ) Raw wool has many impurities ; vegetable matter , sand , dirt and yolk which is a mixture of suint ( sweat ) , grease , urine stains and dung locks . The sheep 's body yields many types of wool with differing strengths , thicknesses , length of staple and impurities . The raw wool ( greasy ) is processed into ' top ' . ' Worsted top ' requires strong straight and parallel fibres . Common Name Part of Sheep Style of Wool Fine Shoulder Fine uniform and very dense Near Sides Fine uniform and strong Downrights Neck Short and irregular , lower quality Choice Back Shorter staple , open and less strong Abb Haunches Longer , stronger large staples Seconds Belly Short , tender , Matted and dirty Top - not Head Stiff , very coarse , rough and kempy Brokes Forelegs Short irregular and faulty Cowtail Hindlegs Very strong , coarse and hairy Britch Tail Very coarse , kempy and dirty Various types and natural colors of wool , and a picture made from wool The quality of wool is determined by its fiber diameter , crimp , yield , color , and staple strength . Fiber diameter is the single most important wool characteristic determining quality and price . Merino wool is typically 3 -- 5 inches in length and is very fine ( between 12 and 24 microns ) . The finest and most valuable wool comes from Merino hoggets . Wool taken from sheep produced for meat is typically more coarse , and has fibers 1.5 to 6 in ( 38 to 152 mm ) in length . Damage or breaks in the wool can occur if the sheep is stressed while it is growing its fleece , resulting in a thin spot where the fleece is likely to break . Wool is also separated into grades based on the measurement of the wool 's diameter in microns and also its style . These grades may vary depending on the breed or purpose of the wool . For example : Merinos Diameter in microns Name < 15.5 Ultrafine Merino 15.6 -- 18.5 Superfine Merino 18.6 -- 20 Fine Merino 20.1 -- 23 Medium Merino > 23 Strong Merino Breeds Breeds Diameter Comeback 21 -- 26 microns , white , 90 -- 180 mm long Fine crossbred 27 -- 31 microns , Corriedales , etc . Medium crossbred 32 -- 35 microns Downs 23 -- 34 microns , typically lacks luster and brightness . Examples , Aussiedown , Dorset Horn , Suffolk , etc . Coarse crossbred > 36 microns Carpet wools 35 -- 45 microns Any wool finer than 25 microns can be used for garments , while coarser grades are used for outerwear or rugs . The finer the wool , the softer it is , while coarser grades are more durable and less prone to pilling . The finest Australian and New Zealand Merino wools are known as 1PP , which is the industry benchmark of excellence for Merino wool 16.9 microns and finer . This style represents the top level of fineness , character , color , and style as determined on the basis of a series of parameters in accordance with the original dictates of British wool as applied by the Australian Wool Exchange ( AWEX ) Council . Only a few dozen of the millions of bales auctioned every year can be classified and marked 1PP . In the United States , three classifications of wool are named in the Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939 . `` Wool '' is `` the fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of the Angora or Cashmere goat ( and may include the so - called specialty fibers from the hair of the camel , alpaca , llama , and vicuna ) which has never been reclaimed from any woven or felted wool product '' . `` Virgin wool '' and `` new wool '' are also used to refer to such never used wool . There are two categories of recycled wool ( also called reclaimed or shoddy wool ) . `` Reprocessed wool '' identifies `` wool which has been woven or felted into a wool product and subsequently reduced to a fibrous state without having been used by the ultimate consumer '' . `` Reused wool '' refers to such wool that has been used by the ultimate consumer . History ( edit ) Further information : History of clothing and textiles and The medieval English wool trade A 1905 illustration of a Tibetan man spinning wool Wild sheep were more hairy than woolly . Although sheep were domesticated some 9,000 to 11,000 years ago , archaeological evidence from statuary found at sites in Iran suggests selection for woolly sheep may have begun around 6000 BC , with the earliest woven wool garments having only been dated to two to three thousand years later . Woolly - sheep were introduced into Europe from the Near East in the early part of the 4th millennium BC . The oldest known European wool textile , ca . 1500 BC , was preserved in a Danish bog . Prior to invention of shears -- probably in the Iron Age -- the wool was plucked out by hand or by bronze combs . In Roman times , wool , linen , and leather clothed the European population ; cotton from India was a curiosity of which only naturalists had heard , and silks , imported along the Silk Road from China , were extravagant luxury goods . Pliny the Elder records in his Natural History that the reputation for producing the finest wool was enjoyed by Tarentum , where selective breeding had produced sheep with superior fleeces , but which required special care . In medieval times , as trade connections expanded , the Champagne fairs revolved around the production of wool cloth in small centers such as Provins . The network developed by the annual fairs meant the woolens of Provins might find their way to Naples , Sicily , Cyprus , Majorca , Spain , and even Constantinople . The wool trade developed into serious business , a generator of capital . In the 13th century , the wool trade became the economic engine of the Low Countries and central Italy . By the end of the 14th century , Italy predominated , though Italian production turned to silk in the 16th century . Both industries , based on the export of English raw wool , were rivaled only by the 15th - century sheepwalks of Castile and were a significant source of income to the English crown , which in 1275 had imposed an export tax on wool called the `` Great Custom '' . The importance of wool to the English economy can be seen in the fact that since the 14th century , the presiding officer of the House of Lords has sat on the `` Woolsack '' , a chair stuffed with wool . Economies of scale were instituted in the Cistercian houses , which had accumulated great tracts of land during the 12th and early 13th centuries , when land prices were low and labor still scarce . Raw wool was baled and shipped from North Sea ports to the textile cities of Flanders , notably Ypres and Ghent , where it was dyed and worked up as cloth . At the time of the Black Death , English textile industries accounted for about 10 % of English wool production . The English textile trade grew during the 15th century , to the point where export of wool was discouraged . Over the centuries , various British laws controlled the wool trade or required the use of wool even in burials . The smuggling of wool out of the country , known as owling , was at one time punishable by the cutting off of a hand . After the Restoration , fine English woolens began to compete with silks in the international market , partly aided by the Navigation Acts ; in 1699 , the English crown forbade its American colonies to trade wool with anyone but England herself . A great deal of the value of woolen textiles was in the dyeing and finishing of the woven product . In each of the centers of the textile trade , the manufacturing process came to be subdivided into a collection of trades , overseen by an entrepreneur in a system called by the English the `` putting - out '' system , or `` cottage industry '' , and the Verlagssystem by the Germans . In this system of producing wool cloth , once perpetuated in the production of Harris tweeds , the entrepreneur provides the raw materials and an advance , the remainder being paid upon delivery of the product . Written contracts bound the artisans to specified terms . Fernand Braudel traces the appearance of the system in the 13th - century economic boom , quoting a document of 1275 . The system effectively bypassed the guilds ' restrictions . Before the flowering of the Renaissance , the Medici and other great banking houses of Florence had built their wealth and banking system on their textile industry based on wool , overseen by the Arte della Lana , the wool guild : wool textile interests guided Florentine policies . Francesco Datini , the `` merchant of Prato '' , established in 1383 an Arte della Lana for that small Tuscan city . The sheepwalks of Castile shaped the landscape and the fortunes of the meseta that lies in the heart of the Iberian peninsula ; in the 16th century , a unified Spain allowed export of Merino lambs only with royal permission . The German wool market -- based on sheep of Spanish origin -- did not overtake British wool until comparatively late . The Industrial Revolution introduced mass production technology into wool and wool cloth manufacturing . Australia 's colonial economy was based on sheep raising , and the Australian wool trade eventually overtook that of the Germans by 1845 , furnishing wool for Bradford , which developed as the heart of industrialized woolens production . A World War I - era poster sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture encouraging children to raise sheep to provide needed war supplies Due to decreasing demand with increased use of synthetic fibers , wool production is much less than what it was in the past . The collapse in the price of wool began in late 1966 with a 40 % drop ; with occasional interruptions , the price has tended down . The result has been sharply reduced production and movement of resources into production of other commodities , in the case of sheep growers , to production of meat . Superwash wool ( or washable wool ) technology first appeared in the early 1970s to produce wool that has been specially treated so it is machine washable and may be tumble - dried . This wool is produced using an acid bath that removes the `` scales '' from the fiber , or by coating the fiber with a polymer that prevents the scales from attaching to each other and causing shrinkage . This process results in a fiber that holds longevity and durability over synthetic materials , while retaining its shape . In December 2004 , a bale of the then world 's finest wool , averaging 11.8 microns , sold for AU $3,000 per kilogram at auction in Melbourne , Victoria . This fleece wool tested with an average yield of 74.5 % , 68 mm long , and had 40 newtons per kilotex strength . The result was A $279,000 for the bale . The finest bale of wool ever auctioned was sold for a seasonal record of AU $2690 per kilo during June 2008 . This bale was produced by the Hillcreston Pinehill Partnership and measured 11.6 microns , 72.1 % yield , and had a 43 newtons per kilotex strength measurement . The bale realized $247,480 and was exported to India . In 2007 , a new wool suit was developed and sold in Japan that can be washed in the shower , and which dries off ready to wear within hours with no ironing required . The suit was developed using Australian Merino wool , and it enables woven products made from wool , such as suits , trousers , and skirts , to be cleaned using a domestic shower at home . In December 2006 , the General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 2009 to be the International Year of Natural Fibres , so as to raise the profile of wool and other natural fibers . Production ( edit ) Global wool production is about 2 million tonnes per year , of which 60 % goes into apparel . Wool comprises ca 3 % of the global textile market , but its value is higher owing to dying and other modifications of the material . Australia is a leading producer of wool which is mostly from Merino sheep but has been eclipsed by China in terms of total weight . New Zealand ( 2016 ) is the third - largest producer of wool , and the largest producer of crossbred wool . Breeds such as Lincoln , Romney , Drysdale , and Elliotdale produce coarser fibers , and wool from these sheep is usually used for making carpets . In the United States , Texas , New Mexico , and Colorado have large commercial sheep flocks and their mainstay is the Rambouillet ( or French Merino ) . Also , a thriving home - flock contingent of small - scale farmers raise small hobby flocks of specialty sheep for the hand - spinning market . These small - scale farmers offer a wide selection of fleece . Global woolclip ( total amount of wool shorn ) 2004 / 2005 Australia : 25 % of global woolclip ( 475 million kg greasy , 2004 / 2005 ) China : 18 % United States : 17 % New Zealand : 11 % Argentina : 3 % Turkey : 2 % Iran : 2 % United Kingdom : 2 % India : 2 % Sudan : 2 % South Africa : 1 % Organic wool is becoming more and more popular . This wool is very limited in supply and much of it comes from New Zealand and Australia . It is becoming easier to find in clothing and other products , but these products often carry a higher price . Wool is environmentally preferable ( as compared to petroleum - based nylon or polypropylene ) as a material for carpets , as well , in particular when combined with a natural binding and the use of formaldehyde - free glues . Animal rights groups have noted issues with the production of wool , such as mulesing . Marketing ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Australia ( edit ) `` Wool : Fibre of the gods , created -- not man - made '' CSIRO marketing poster describing the benefits of wool Merino wool samples for sale by auction , Newcastle , New South Wales About 85 % of wool sold in Australia is sold by open cry auction . `` Sale by sample '' is a method in which a mechanical claw takes a sample from each bale in a line or lot of wool . These grab samples are bulked , objectively measured , and a sample of not less than 4 kg is displayed in a box for the buyer to examine . The Australian Wool Exchange conducts sales primarily in Sydney , Melbourne , Newcastle , and Fremantle . About 80 brokers and agents work throughout Australia . Wool received by Australian brokers and dealers ( tonnes / quarter ) since 1973 Wool buyers ' room at a wool auction , Newcastle , New South Wales About 7 % of Australian wool is sold by private treaty on farms or to local wool - handling facilities . This option gives wool growers benefit from reduced transport , warehousing , and selling costs . This method is preferred for small lots or mixed butts to make savings on reclassing and testing . About 5 % of Australian wool is sold over the internet on an electronic offer board . This option gives wool growers the ability to set firm price targets , reoffer passed - in wool , and offer lots to the market quickly and efficiently . This method works well for tested lots , as buyers use these results to make a purchase . About 97 % of wool is sold without sample inspection ; however , as of December 2009 , 59 % of wool listed had been passed in from auction . Growers through certain brokers can allocate their wool to a sale and at what price their wool will be reserved . Sale by tender can achieve considerable cost savings on wool clips large enough to make it worthwhile for potential buyers to submit tenders . Some marketing firms sell wool on a consignment basis , obtaining a fixed percentage as commission . Forward selling : Some buyers offer a secure price for forward delivery of wool based on estimated measurements or the results of previous clips . Prices are quoted at current market rates and are locked in for the season . Premiums and discounts are added to cover variations in micron , yield , tensile strength , etc. , which are confirmed by actual test results when available . Another method of selling wool includes sales direct to wool mills . Other Countries ( edit ) The British Wool Marketing Board operates a central marketing system for UK fleece wool with the aim of achieving the best possible net returns for farmers . Less than half of New Zealand 's wool is sold at auction , while around 45 % of farmers sell wool directly to private buyers and end - users . United States sheep producers market wool with private or cooperative wool warehouses , but wool pools are common in many states . In some cases , wool is pooled in a local market area , but sold through a wool warehouse . Wool offered with objective measurement test results is preferred . Imported apparel wool and carpet wool goes directly to central markets , where it is handled by the large merchants and manufacturers . Yarn ( edit ) Woollen yarn Shoddy or recycled wool is made by cutting or tearing apart existing wool fabric and respinning the resulting fibers . As this process makes the wool fibers shorter , the remanufactured fabric is inferior to the original . The recycled wool may be mixed with raw wool , wool noil , or another fiber such as cotton to increase the average fiber length . Such yarns are typically used as weft yarns with a cotton warp . This process was invented in the Heavy Woollen District of West Yorkshire and created a microeconomy in this area for many years . Rag is a sturdy wool fiber made into yarn and used in many rugged applications such as gloves . Worsted is a strong , long - staple , combed wool yarn with a hard surface . Woolen is a soft , short - staple , carded wool yarn typically used for knitting . In traditional weaving , woolen weft yarn ( for softness and warmth ) is frequently combined with a worsted warp yarn for strength on the loom . Uses ( edit ) In addition to clothing , wool has been used for blankets , horse rugs , saddle cloths , carpeting , insulation and upholstery . Wool felt covers piano hammers , and it is used to absorb odors and noise in heavy machinery and stereo speakers . Ancient Greeks lined their helmets with felt , and Roman legionnaires used breastplates made of wool felt . Wool has also been traditionally used to cover cloth diapers . Wool fiber exteriors are hydrophobic ( repel water ) and the interior of the wool fiber is hygroscopic ( attracts water ) ; this makes a wool garment suitable cover for a wet diaper by inhibiting wicking , so outer garments remain dry . Wool felted and treated with lanolin is water resistant , air permeable , and slightly antibacterial , so it resists the buildup of odor . Some modern cloth diapers use felted wool fabric for covers , and there are several modern commercial knitting patterns for wool diaper covers . Initial studies of woolen underwear have found it prevented heat and sweat rashes because it more readily absorbs the moisture than other fibers . Merino wool has been used in baby sleep products such as swaddle baby wrap blankets and infant sleeping bags . As an animal protein , wool can be used as a soil fertilizer , being a slow - release source of nitrogen . Researchers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology school of fashion and textiles have discovered a blend of wool and Kevlar , the synthetic fiber widely used in body armor , was lighter , cheaper and worked better in damp conditions than Kevlar alone . Kevlar , when used alone , loses about 20 % of its effectiveness when wet , so required an expensive waterproofing process . Wool increased friction in a vest with 28 -- 30 layers of fabric , to provide the same level of bullet resistance as 36 layers of Kevlar alone . Events ( edit ) Andean woman sorting wool as part of the theme park Los Aleros in Mérida , Venezuela A buyer of Merino wool , Ermenegildo Zegna , has offered awards for Australian wool producers . In 1963 , the first Ermenegildo Zegna Perpetual Trophy was presented in Tasmania for growers of `` Superfine skirted Merino fleece '' . In 1980 , a national award , the Ermenegildo Zegna Trophy for Extrafine Wool Production , was launched . In 2004 , this award became known as the Ermenegildo Zegna Unprotected Wool Trophy . In 1998 , an Ermenegildo Zegna Protected Wool Trophy was launched for fleece from sheep coated for around nine months of the year . In 2002 , the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum Trophy was launched for wool that is 13.9 microns or finer . Wool from Australia , New Zealand , Argentina , and South Africa may enter , and a winner is named from each country . In April 2008 , New Zealand won the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum Trophy for the first time with a fleece that measured 10.8 microns . This contest awards the winning fleece weight with the same weight in gold as a prize , hence the name . In 2010 , an ultrafine , 10 - micron fleece , from Windradeen , near Pyramul , New South Wales , won the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum International Trophy . Since 2000 , Loro Piana has awarded a cup for the world 's finest bale of wool that produces just enough fabric for 50 tailor - made suits . The prize is awarded to an Australian or New Zealand wool grower who produces the year 's finest bale . The New England Merino Field days which display local studs , wool , and sheep are held during January , in even numbered years around the Walcha , New South Wales district . The Annual Wool Fashion Awards , which showcase the use of Merino wool by fashion designers , are hosted by the city of Armidale , New South Wales , in March each year . This event encourages young and established fashion designers to display their talents . During each May , Armidale hosts the annual New England Wool Expo to display wool fashions , handicrafts , demonstrations , shearing competitions , yard dog trials , and more . In July , the annual Australian Sheep and Wool Show is held in Bendigo , Victoria . This is the largest sheep and wool show in the world , with goats and alpacas , as well as woolcraft competitions and displays , fleece competitions , sheepdog trials , shearing , and wool handling . The largest competition in the world for objectively measured fleeces is the Australian Fleece Competition , which is held annually at Bendigo . In 2008 , 475 entries came from all states of Australia , with first and second prizes going to the Northern Tablelands , New South Wales fleeces . See also ( edit ) Production ( edit ) Glossary of sheep husbandry Lambswool Sheep husbandry Sheep shearing Wool bale Processing ( edit ) Canvas work Carding Combing Knitting Spinning Textile manufacturing Timeline of clothing and textiles technology Weaving Dyeing Fulling Refined products ( edit ) Felt Fiber art Tweed Worsted Yarn Wool crepe Wool satin Wool coating wool melton Organizations ( edit ) British Wool Marketing Board Worshipful Company of Woolmen IWTO The Natural Fibre Company ( in the UK ) Miscellaneous wool ( edit ) Angora wool Cashmere wool Chiengora wool Llama wool Lopi Mohair Pashmina Shahtoosh Tibetan fur Alpaca wool References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Braaten , Ann W. ( 2005 ) . `` Wool '' . In Steele , Valerie . Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion . 3 . Thomson Gale . pp. 441 -- 443 . ISBN 0 - 684 - 31394 - 4 . Jump up ^ Simmons , Paula ( 2009 ) . Storey 's Guide to Raising Sheep . North Adams , MA : Storey Publishing . pp. 315 -- 316 . Jump up ^ D'Arcy , J.B. , Sheep and Wool Technology , NSW University Press , Kensington , 1986 ISBN 0 - 86840 - 106 - 4 Jump up ^ Wool Facts Archived 2014 - 05 - 26 at the Wayback Machine ... Aussiesheepandwool.com.au . Retrieved on 2012 - 08 - 05 . Jump up ^ Wool History Archived 2008 - 05 - 09 at the Wayback Machine ... Tricountyfarm.org . Retrieved on 2012 - 08 - 05 . ^ Jump up to : The Land , Merinos -- Going for Green and Gold , p. 46 , US use flame resistance , 21 August 2008 Jump up ^ Admani , Shehla ; Jacob , Sharon E. ( 2014 - 04 - 01 ) . `` Allergic contact dermatitis in children : review of the past decade '' . Current Allergy and Asthma Reports . 14 ( 4 ) : 421 . doi : 10.1007 / s11882 - 014 - 0421 - 0 . PMID 24504525 . ^ Jump up to : Preparation of Australian Wool Clips , Code of Practice 2010 -- 2012 , Australian Wool Exchange ( AWEX ) , 2010 Jump up ^ `` Technology in Australia 1788 -- 1988 '' . Australian Science and Technology Heritage Center . 2001 . Archived from the original on 2006 - 05 - 14 . Retrieved 2006 - 04 - 30 . Jump up ^ Wu Zhao ( 1987 ) A study of wool carbonizing Archived 2014 - 10 - 30 at the Wayback Machine ... PhD Thesis . University of New South Wales . School of Fibre Science and Technology Jump up ^ Bradford Industrial Museum 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Merino Sheep in Australia '' . Archived from the original on 2006 - 11 - 05 . Retrieved 2006 - 11 - 10 . Jump up ^ Van Nostran , Don . `` Wool Management -- Maximizing Wool Returns '' . Mid-States Wool growers Cooperative Association . Archived from the original on 2010 - 01 - 01 . Retrieved 2006 - 11 - 10 . Jump up ^ D'Arcy , J.B. , Sheep Management & Wool Technology , NSW University Press , 1986 , ISBN 0 - 86840 - 106 - 4 Jump up ^ 1PP Certification . awex.com.au ^ Jump up to : Robert E. Freer . `` The Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939 . '' Archived 2016 - 06 - 05 at the Wayback Machine . Temple Law Quarterly . 20.1 ( July 1946 ) . p. 47 . Reprinted at ftc.gov . Retrieved 1 May 2016 . Jump up ^ Ensminger , M.E. ; R.O. Parker ( 1986 ) . Sheep and Goat Science , Fifth Edition . Danville , Illinois : The Interstate Printers and Publishers Inc . ISBN 0 - 8134 - 2464 - X . Jump up ^ Weaver , Sue ( 2005 ) . Sheep : small - scale sheep keeping for pleasure and profit . 3 Burroughs Irvine , CA 92618 : Hobby Farm Press , an imprint of BowTie Press , a division of BowTie Inc . ISBN 1 - 931993 - 49 - 1 . Jump up ^ Smith , Barbara ; Kennedy , Gerald ; Aseltine , Mark ( 1997 ) . Beginning Shepherd 's Manual , Second Edition . Ames , IA : Iowa State University Press . ISBN 0 - 8138 - 2799 - X . Jump up ^ `` Fibre history '' . Woolmark . Archived from the original on 2006 - 08 - 28 . ^ Jump up to : Fernand Braudel , 1982 . The Wheels of Commerce , vol 2 of Civilization and Capitalism ( New York : Harper & Row ) , pp. 312 -- 317 Jump up ^ Bell , Adrian R. ; Brooks , Chris ; Dryburgh , Paul ( 2007 ) . The English Wool Market , c. 1230 -- 1327 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . ISBN 9780521859417 . Jump up ^ `` The end of pastoral dominance '' Archived 2007 - 08 - 19 at the Wayback Machine ... Teara.govt.nz ( 2009 - 03 - 03 ) . Retrieved on 2012 - 08 - 05 . Jump up ^ 1301.0 -- Year Book Australia , 2000 Archived 2017 - 07 - 01 at the Wayback Machine. , Australian Bureau of Statistics Jump up ^ `` The History of Wool '' Archived 2015 - 04 - 27 at the Wayback Machine ... johnhanly.com Jump up ^ Superwash Wool Archived 2009 - 03 - 09 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 10 November 2008 Jump up ^ World 's Finest Bale Record Broken . landmark.com.au , 22 November 2004 Jump up ^ Country Leader , NSW Wool Sells for a Quarter of a Million , 7 July 2008 Jump up ^ Shower suit Archived 2011 - 08 - 22 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 11 November 2008 Jump up ^ `` Sheep 101 '' . Archived from the original on 28 November 2016 . Retrieved 17 September 2016 . According to this chart , US production is around 10,000 metric tons , hugely at variance with the percentage list , and way outside year - to - year variability . Jump up ^ `` WoolFacts '' ( PDF ) . Australian Wool Innovation . September 2005 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2007 - 11 - 28 . Jump up ^ Speer , Jordan K. ( 2006 - 05 - 01 ) . `` Shearing the Edge of Innovation '' . Apparel Magazine . Archived from the original on 2015 - 05 - 26 . Jump up ^ Wool Production in New Zealand . maf.govt.nz Jump up ^ Wool Marketing . sheepusa.org ^ Jump up to : Kadolph , Sara J. , ed. : Textiles , 10th edition , Pearson / Prentice - Hall , 2007 , ISBN 0 - 13 - 118769 - 4 , p. 63 Jump up ^ Østergård , Else : Woven into the Earth : Textiles from Norse Greenland , Aarhus University Press , 2004 , ISBN 87 - 7288 - 935 - 7 , p. 50 Jump up ^ `` Washing Wool Diaper Covers '' . www.zany-zebra.com . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 20 . Jump up ^ ABC Rural Radio : Woodhams , Dr. Libby , New research shows woollen underwear helps prevent rashes Archived 2011 - 08 - 23 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 2010 - 3 - 24 Jump up ^ Blenkin , Max ( 2011 - 04 - 11 ) . `` Wool 's tough new image '' . Country Leader . access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` 2004 / 51 / 1 Trophy and plaque , Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum trophy and plaque , plaster / bronze / silver / gold , trophy designed and made by Not Vital for Ermenegildo Zegna , Switzerland , 2001 '' . Powerhouse Museum , Sydney . Archived from the original on 2007 - 05 - 19 . Retrieved 2008 - 04 - 27 . Jump up ^ Country Leader , 26 April 2010 , Finest wool rewarded , Rural Press , North Richmond Jump up ^ Australian Wool Network News , Issue # 19 , July 2008 Jump up ^ Walcha News ( 2008 - 07 - 24 , Fletcher Wins Australian Fleece Comp , p. 3 External links ( edit ) `` Story of Wool '' . The New Student 's Reference Work . 1914 . `` Wool '' . New International Encyclopedia . 1905 . Fibers Natural Plant Abacá Bagasse Bamboo Coir Cotton Fique Flax Linen Hemp Jute Kapok Kenaf Piña Pine Raffia Ramie Rattan Sisal Wood Animal Alpaca Angora Byssus Camel hair Cashmere Catgut Chiengora Guanaco Hair Llama Mohair Pashmina Qiviut Rabbit Silk Tendon Spider silk Wool Vicuña Yak Mineral Asbestos Man - made Regenerated Art silk Semi-synthetic Acetate Diacetate Lyocell Modal Rayon Triacetate Synthetic Mineral Glass Carbon Tenax Basalt Metallic Polymer Acrylic Aramid Twaron Kevlar Technora Nomex Microfiber Modacrylic Nylon Olefin Polyester Polyethylene Dyneema Spectra Spandex Vinylon Vinyon Zylon Commons Fabric Woven Aertex Airdura Airguard Barathea Barkcloth Batiste Bedford cord Bengaline Beta cloth Bombazine Brilliantine Broadcloth Buckram Bunting Burlap C change Calico Cambric Canvas Chambray Capilene Cedar bark Challis Char cloth Charmeuse Charvet Cheesecloth Chiffon Chino Chintz Cloqué Cloth of gold Cordura Corduroy Duck Coutil Crape Crêpe Cretonne Dazzle Denim Dimity Donegal tweed Dornix Dowlas Drill Drugget Eolienne Flannel Foulard Fustian Gabardine Gauze Gazar Georgette Ghalamkar Gingham Grenadine Grenfell Cloth Grosgrain Habutai Haircloth Harris Tweed Herringbone Himroo Hodden Irish linen Jamdani Kerseymere Khādī Khaki drill Kente cloth Lamé Lawn Linsey - woolsey Loden Longcloth Mackinaw Madapolam Madras Moleskin Muslin Nainsook Nankeen Ninon Oilskin Organdy Organza Osnaburg Ottoman Oxford Paduasoy Percale Pongee Poplin Rakematiz Rayadillo Rep Rinzu Ripstop Russell cord Saga Nishiki Samite Sateen Satin Saye Scarlet Seersucker Sendal Serge Scrim Shot silk Stuff Taffeta Tais Toile Tucuyo Tweed Twill Ultrasuede Vegetable flannel Ventile Vinyl coated polyester Viyella Voile Wadmal Wigan Whipcord Zephyr Zorbeez Figured woven Brocade Camlet Damask Lampas Songket Pile woven Baize Chenille Corduroy Crimplene Fustian Mockado Moquette Plush Polar fleece Terrycloth Velours du Kasaï Velvet Velveteen Zibeline Nonwoven Felt Cedar bark Knitted Boiled wool Coolmax Machine knitting Milliskin Jersey Velour Netted Bobbinet Carbon fiber Lace Mesh Needlerun net Ninon Tulle Technical Ballistic nylon Ban - Lon Conductive Darlexx E-textiles Gannex Gore - Tex Silnylon Spandex Stub - tex SympaTex Windstopper Patterns Argyle Bizarre silk Chiné Herringbone Houndstooth Paisley Pin stripes Polka dot Shweshwe Tartan ( plaid ) Tattersall Textile fibers Acrylic Alpaca Angora Cashmere Coir Cotton Eisengarn Hemp Jute Kevlar Linen Mohair Nylon Microfiber Olefin Pashmina Polyester Piña Ramie Rayon Sea silk Silk Sisal Spandex Spider silk Wool Finishing and printing Androsia Batik Beetling Bingata Bògòlanfini Burnout Calendering Decatising Devoré Finishing Fulling Heatsetting Mercerization Moire Nap Rogan printing Rōketsuzome Roller printing Sanforization Tenterhook Textile printing Warp printing Waxed cotton Woodblock printing Indienne Fabric mills Carlo Barbera Cerruti Dormeuil Drago Ermenegildo Zegna E. Thomas Holland & Sherry Larusmiani Loro Piana Reda Scabal Vitale Barberis Canonico Related Dyeing Fiber History of textiles History of silk Knitting Pandy Shrinkage Swatches and strike - offs Synthetic fabric Terminology Manufacturing Preservation Weaving Yarn Clothing materials and parts Garment Structures Armscye Collar Cuff Dart Facing Fly Lapel Gore Hem Lining Placket Pleat Pocket Revers Ruffle Shoulder pad Strap Sleeve Train Waistband Yoke Textiles Artificial leather Cotton Elastic Fur Linen Nylon Polyester Rayon Silk Spandex Wool Animals hide / Leather Calf Deer Goat Kangaroo Ostrich Seal Sheep Snake Stingray Fasteners Back closure Belt hook Buckle Button Buttonhole Frog Shank Hook - and - eye Hook and loop Velcro Snap Zipper Seams Neckline Bustline Waistline Hemline GND : 4066895 - 2 HDS : 13960 NDL : 00574306 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wool&oldid=836702682 '' Categories : Wool Animal hair Polyamides Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Articles with limited geographic scope from March 2017 Australia - centric All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012 Articles needing additional references from December 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014 Articles prone to spam from August 2012 Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Aragonés Armãneashti Asturianu Aymar aru Azərbaycanca Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца )  Български Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Diné bizaad Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego ગુજરાતી 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Ирон Íslenska Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî Кыргызча Latviešu Lietuvių Limburgs Lingála Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Nāhuatl Nederlands नेपाल भाषा 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Shqip Simple English سنڌي Slovenčina Slovenščina Soomaaliga Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் తెలుగు Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt West - Vlams Winaray ייִדיש 粵語 Zazaki 中文 Kabɩyɛ 87 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 April 2018 , at 10 : 53 . 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Question: who is the leading african producer of wool


IPhone 5S - Wikipedia IPhone 5S Jump to : navigation , search iPhone 5S iPhone 5S in Gold Brand Apple Inc . Manufacturer Foxconn ( on contract ) Slogan Since April 2014 : `` You 're more powerful than you think . '' Until April 2014 : `` Forward thinking '' Generation 7th Model A1457 ( Middle East ) A1518 , A1528 ( China ) A1530 ( Asia Pacific ) A1533 ( North America , China ) A1453 ( North America , Japan ) Compatible networks GSM , CDMA , 3G , EVDO , HSPA+ , LTE First released September 20 , 2013 ; 4 years ago ( 2013 - 09 - 20 ) Availability by country September 20 , 2013 ( show ) United States United Kingdom Canada China France Germany India Australia Japan Hong Kong Singapore Pakistan October 25 , 2013 ( show ) Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland French West Indies Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Malta Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Reunion Island Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand November 1 , 2013 ( show ) Albania Armenia Bahrain Bangladesh Colombia El Salvador Guam Guatemala India Macedonia Malaysia Mexico Moldova Montenegro Saudi Arabia Turkey November 15 , 2013 ( show ) Philippines South Africa Vietnam November 22 , 2013 ( show ) Brazil January 26 , 2014 ( show ) Indonesia Discontinued March 21 , 2016 Predecessor iPhone 5 Successor iPhone 6 ( Plus ) iPhone SE Related iPhone 5C Type Smartphone Form factor Slate 123.8 mm ( 4.87 in ) H 58.6 mm ( 2.31 in ) W 7.6 mm ( 0.30 in ) D Weight 112 g ( 3.95 oz ) Operating system Original : iOS 7.0 Current : iOS 11.0. 3 , released October 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 11 ) System on chip Apple A7 , Apple M7 motion coprocessor CPU 64 - / 32 - bit 1.3 GHz dual - core Apple Cyclone GPU PowerVR G6430 ( four cluster@450 MHz ) Memory 1 GB LPDDR3 RAM Storage 16 , 32 , 64 GB Battery 5.92 Whr ( 1560 mAh ) Lithium - ion battery Data inputs Multi-touch touchscreen display , triple microphone configuration , Apple M7 motion coprocessor , 3 - axis gyroscope , 3 - axis accelerometer , digital compass , proximity sensor , ambient light sensor , Touch ID fingerprint reader Display 4 in ( 100 mm ) diagonal ( 16 : 9 aspect ratio ) , multi-touch display , LED backlit IPS TFT LCD , 640 × 1136 pixels at 326 ppi , 800 : 1 contrast ratio ( typical ) , 500 cd / m max . brightness ( typical ) , fingerprint - resistant oleophobic coating on front Rear camera Custom Sony Exmor RS 8 MP back - side illuminated 1 / 3 `` sensor , HD video ( 1080p ) at 30 fps , Slow - motion video ( 720p ) at 120 fps , IR filter , dual warm / cool LED flashes , ƒ / 2.2 aperture , 30 mm focal length , facial recognition ( stills only ) , image stabilization , burst mode Front camera 1.2 MP , 720p HD video , Burst mode at 10 fps , f / 2.4 aperture , 1.9 μm pixels , Auto HDR for photos Connectivity All models ( show ) UMTS / HSPA+ / DC - HSDPA ( 850 , 900 , 1900 , 2100 MHz ) , GSM / EDGE ( 850 , 900 , 1800 , 1900 MHz ) , Wi - Fi ( 802.11 a / b / g / n ) ( 802.11 n : 2.4 and 5 GHz ) , Bluetooth 4.0 , GPS & GLONASS . GSM model ( A1533 ) ( show ) LTE ( Bands 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 13 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 25 : 2100 , 1900 , 1800 , AWS , 850 , 900 , 700c , 700b , 800 MHz , 800 DD ) . CDMA model ( A1533 ) ( show ) UMTS / HSPA+ / DC - HSDPA ( 1700 / 2100 MHz ) , CDMA EV - DO Rev. A and Rev. B ( 800 , 1700 / 2100 , 1900 , 2100 MHz ) , ( except China model : ) LTE ( Bands 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 13 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 25 : 2100 , 1900 , 1800 , AWS , 850 , 900 , 700c , 700b , 800 MHz , 800 DD ) . CDMA model ( A1453 ) ( show ) UMTS / HSPA+ / DC - HSDPA ( 1700 / 2100 MHz ) , CDMA EV - DO Rev. A and Rev. B ( 800 , 1700 / 2100 , 1900 , 2100 MHz ) , LTE ( Bands 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 13 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 25 , 26 : 2100 , 1900 , 1800 , AWS , 850 , 900 , 700c , 700b , 800 MHz , 800 DD ) . GSM model ( A1457 ) ( show ) LTE ( Bands 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 20 : 2100 , 1900 , 1800 , 850 , 2600 , 900 MHz , 800 DD ) . GSM model ( A1518 ) ( show ) TDD - LTE , TD - SCDMA GSM model ( A1528 ) ( show ) LTE ( unofficial ) GSM model ( A1530 ) ( show ) LTE ( Bands 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 20 , 38 , 39 , 40 : 2100 , 1900 , 1800 , 850 , 2600 , 900 MHz , 800 DD , TD 2600 , 1900 , 2300 ) , ( with software operator version China Mobile 15.6 or above :) TD - SCDMA Website apple.com/iphone-5s/ This article is part of a series on the iPhone 1st 3G 3GS 4S 5 5C 5S 6 ( Plus ) 6S ( Plus ) SE 7 ( Plus ) 8 ( Plus ) X List of iPhone models The iPhone 5S ( marketed with a stylized lowercase ' s ' as iPhone 5s ) is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc . Part of the iPhone series , the device was unveiled on September 10 , 2013 , at Apple 's Cupertino headquarters . It was released on September 20 , 2013 , along with its lower - cost counterpart , the iPhone 5c . The iPhone 's nano - SIM card tray is made of aluminum . The iPhone 5S maintains almost the same external design as its predecessor , the iPhone 5 , although the 5S received a new white / gold color scheme in addition to white / silver and space gray / black , however the 5S has vastly upgraded internal hardware . The 5S introduced the A7 64 - bit dual - core system - on - chip , the first 64 - bit processor to be used on a smartphone , accompanied by the M7 `` motion co-processor '' . A redesigned home button with Touch ID , a fingerprint recognition system which can be used to unlock the phone and authenticate App Store and iTunes Store purchases , was introduced . The camera was also updated with a larger aperture and a dual - LED flash optimized for different color temperatures . The iPhone 5S was the first Apple device to ship with iOS 7 , which introduced a revamped visual appearance and other new features . Designed by Jonathan Ive , iOS 7 departed from skeuomorphic elements used by previous versions of iOS in favor of a flat , colorful design . Among new software features introduced to the iPhone 5S were AirDrop , an ad - hoc Wi - Fi sharing platform ; Control Center , a control panel containing a number of commonly used functions ; and iTunes Radio , an internet radio service . Earphones known as EarPods were included with the 5S , and Apple released accessories including a case and a dock . Reception towards the device was generally positive , with some outlets considering it to be the best smartphone available on the market due to its upgraded hardware , Touch ID , and other changes introduced by iOS 7 . Some criticized the iPhone 5S for keeping the design and small display of the iPhone 5 , and others expressed security concerns about the Touch ID system . Nine million units of the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were sold on their weekend of release , breaking Apple 's sales record for iPhones . The iPhone 5S was the best selling phone on all major U.S. carriers in September 2013 . The iPhone 5S was succeeded as Apple 's flagship smartphone by the larger iPhone 6 in September 2014 . On March 21 , 2016 , the 5S received a direct replacement with the announcement of the iPhone SE , which incorporated internal hardware similar to the iPhone 6S while retaining the smaller form factor and design of the 5S . The iPhone 5S is the third iPhone to support five major versions of iOS after the iPhone 4S and iPhone 5 . The 5S supports 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , and 11 , being the oldest iPhone to support iOS 11 since it was the earliest to have incorporated a 64 - bit SoC processor . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Specifications 2.1 Design 2.2 Hardware 2.3 Accessories 2.4 Operating system and software 3 Apple accessories 4 Reception 4.1 Critical reception 4.2 Commercial reception 4.3 Impact of Touch ID 4.4 Problems 5 Timeline of models 6 See also 7 References 8 External links History ( edit ) The iPhone 5S was announced during a keynote at 4 Infinite Loop on September 10 , 2013 . Before its official unveiling , media speculation primarily centered on reports that the next iPhone would include a fingerprint scanner ; including Apple 's July 2012 acquisition of AuthenTec , a developer of mobile security products , references to a fingerprint sensor on the home button in the beta release of iOS 7 and leaked packaging for an iPhone 5S showing that the traditional home button now had a metallic `` ring '' around it . Similar ring - based imagery was seen on the official invitation to Apple 's iPhone press event in September 2013 , where the new device was unveiled . Shortly before its official unveiling , The Wall Street Journal also reported the rumor . Apple announced the iPhone 5C and the iPhone 5S during a media event at its Cupertino headquarters on September 10 , 2013 . While the iPhone 5C became available for preorder on September 13 , 2013 , the iPhone 5S was not available for preorder . Both devices were released on September 20 , 2013 . While most of the promotion focused on Touch ID , the 64 - bit Apple A7 processor was also a highlight during the event . This is the first - ever 64 - bit processor in a phone of any kind . I do n't think the other guys are even talking about it yet . Why go through all this ? The benefits are huge . The A7 is up to twice as fast as the previous - generation system at CPU tasks , and up to twice as fast at graphics tasks , too . -- Phil Schiller , Apple keynote at 4 Infinite Loop on September 10 , 2013 Schiller then showed demos of Infinity Blade III to demonstrate the A7 's processing power and the device 's camera using untouched photographs . The release of iOS 7 on September 18 , 2013 was also announced during the keynote . The iPhone 5S was released on September 20 , 2013 , in the United States , United Kingdom , Canada , China , France , Germany , Australia , Japan , Hong Kong , and Singapore . It was released in 25 additional countries on October 25 , 2013 , and in 12 countries on November 1 , 2013 . Indonesia was the last country to receive the iPhone 5S , on January 26 , 2014 . On September 19 , 2014 , the iPhone 5S was succeeded as Apple 's flagship smartphone by the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus , but the older model remained available for purchase at a reduced price , while the 64GB version was discontinued . The gold edition of the iPhone 5S was discontinued on September 9 , 2015 , when Apple revealed the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus The iPhone 5S was discontinued on March 21 , 2016 , and succeeded by the iPhone SE , which continues the same form factor but features vastly upgraded internals similar to the flagship iPhone 6S . This was a break with Apple 's product positioning trend ( in North America and Western Europe ) , starting with iPhone 4S released in October 2011 , which gave each newly released model one year as the flagship phone , then moving it to midrange for its second year of production , with the third and final year as the entry - level offering before discontinuation . While iPhone 5S was expected to continue on sale until September 2016 , replacing it and its A7 processor early means that Apple `` just reduced its long - term chip support window by a year '' for iOS . In addition , a new iPhone launch was meant to stimulate demand , as sales of iPhone 6S and 6S Plus had not met expectations since their September 2015 release and the iPhone family may suffer its first ever negative growth quarter in 2016 . Specifications ( edit ) Design ( edit ) Design and Hardware of iPhone 5S iPhone 5S 's home button has a flat design and is made of scratch - resistant , laser - cut sapphire crystal surrounded by a stainless steel finger detection ring for using Touch ID . The camera has af / 2.2 aperture and has dual `` True Tone '' flashes . The `` iPhone '' wordmark on the back of an iPhone 5S is now set in a thinner version of the Myriad typeface . The iPhone 5S maintains a similar design to the iPhone 5 , with a 4 in ( 10 cm ) LCD multi-touch Retina display and a screen resolution of 640 × 1136 at 326 ppi . Its home button has been updated with a new flat design using a laser - cut sapphire cover surrounded by a metallic ring ; the button is no longer concave , nor does it contain the familiar squircle icon seen on previous models . The phone itself is 0.30 in ( 7.6 mm ) thick and weighs 112 grams ( 4.0 oz ) . The phone uses an aluminum composite frame . The device is available in three color finishes ; `` space - gray '' ( replacing black with slate trim on the iPhone 5 ) , white with silver trim , and white with gold trim . The iPhone 5S was the first iPhone to be available in gold color ; this decision was influenced by the fact that gold is seen as a popular sign of a luxury product among Chinese customers . Hardware ( edit ) The iPhone 5S is powered by the Apple A7 system - on - chip , the first 64 - bit processor ever used on a smartphone . The device 's operating system and pre-loaded software were optimized to run in 64 - bit mode , promising increased performance , although third - party app developers would need to optimize their apps to take advantage of these enhanced capabilities . The A7 processor is designed by Apple and manufactured by Samsung . The A7 processor is accompanied by a new M7 `` motion co-processor '' , a dedicated processor for processing motion data from the iPhone 's accelerometer and gyroscopes without requiring the attention of the main processor , which integrates with iOS 7 's new CoreMotion APIs . The same A7 SoC and M7 motion co-processor are also found in the iPad Air and iPad Mini 2 which were released in the same quarter as the iPhone 5S . The phone includes a 1560 mAh battery , which provides 10 hours of talk time and 250 hours of standby time . While the camera is still 8 megapixels in resolution with the image capture size of 3264 × 2448 ( 4 : 3 ) , the lens has a larger aperture ( f / 2.2 ) and larger sized pixels in its image sensor than previous iPhone models . The flashlight has dual `` True Tone '' flashes , consisting of an amber LED and a white LED , which are variably used based on the color temperature of the photo to improve color balancing . The camera also includes automatic image stabilization , dynamic tone mapping , 10 fps burst mode , `` best shot '' mode and slow motion video at 120 fps . The home button on the iPhone 5S incorporates a fingerprint recognition system known as Touch ID , based on technology from AuthenTec , a company which Apple had acquired in 2012 . The sensor uses a capacitive CMOS - based sensor which can detect the `` sub-epidermal layers '' of fingers at 500 pixels per inch , and uses a 360 - degree design that can read the print at any angle . The sensor itself is activated by a touch - sensitive metallic ring surrounding the button . Touch ID can be used for various authentication activities within the operating system , such as unlocking the device or authenticating App Store and iTunes purchases instead of an Apple ID password . The sensor can be trained to recognize the fingerprints of multiple fingers and multiple users . Fingerprint data is stored in an encrypted format within a `` secure enclave '' of the A7 chip itself , and is not accessible to any other apps or servers ( including iCloud ) . Accessories ( edit ) Main article : iPhone accessories Earphones known as Apple EarPods are included with the iPhone 5S . According to technology commentators , the design of the earphones is aimed to improve sound quality by allowing air to travel in and out more freely . Apple states that the design of their earphones allows it to `` rival high - end headphones that cost hundreds of dollars more '' . Reviews by Gizmodo and TechRadar reported that although the earphones sounded better than its predecessor , reviewers felt that quality of sound produced is poor . TechRadar further opined that the EarPods are inferior to other earphones of a similar price . Operating system and software ( edit ) Main articles : iOS , iOS 7 , iOS 8 , iOS 9 , iOS 10 , and iOS 11 Further information : iOS version history The iPhone 5S is supplied with iOS 7 , released on September 20 , 2013 . Jonathan Ive , the designer of iOS 7 's new elements , described the update as `` bringing order to complexity '' , highlighting features such as refined typography , new icons , translucency , layering , physics , and gyroscope - driven parallaxing as some of the major changes to the design . The design of both iOS 7 and OS X Yosemite ( version 10.10 ) noticeably departs from skeuomorphic elements such as green felt in Game Center , wood in Newsstand , and leather in Calendar , in favor of flat , colorful design . iOS 7 adds AirDrop , an ad - hoc Wi - Fi sharing platform . Users can share files with the iPhone 5 onwards , the iPod Touch ( 5th generation ) , iPad ( 4th generation ) onwards , or iPad Mini ( 1st generation ) onwards . The operating system also adds Control Center , a control panel accessed by swiping up from the bottom of the screen . Control Center contains a number of commonly used functions , such as volume and brightness controls , along with toggles for enabling Wi - Fi , Bluetooth , Airplane mode , and for using the rear camera 's flash LED as a flashlight . iTunes Radio , an Internet radio service , is also included on the iPhone 5S . It is a free , ad - supported service available to all iTunes users , featuring Siri integration on iOS . Users are able to skip tracks , customise stations , and purchase the station 's songs from iTunes Store . Users can also search through their history of previous songs . Apple accessories ( edit ) During the keynote , Apple announced a case for the iPhone 5 that is made of soft microfiber on the inside and leather on the outside . This case was announced along with iPhone 5C 's case , both of which are the first cases Apple has announced since the iPhone 4 Bumpers . Docks for both the iPhone 5S and 5C were found on the Apple online store after the announcement . Because of the casing difference between the iPhone 5S and 5C , they have separate docks , each made specifically for each respective phone . Reception ( edit ) Critical reception ( edit ) The iPhone 5S received a mostly positive reception from reviewers and commentators . Walt Mossberg of All Things Digital gave the phone a favorable review , saying that Touch ID `` sounds like a gimmick , but it 's a real advance , the biggest step ever in biometric authentication for everyday devices , '' and labeled it `` the best smartphone on the market . '' David Pogue of The New York Times praised Touch ID , but said that the innovation of the smartphone market has been saturated , and `` maybe the age of annual mega-leaps is over . '' He focused much of his review on iOS 7 , which he believed was the biggest change of the device over previous generations , praising new Siri features , Control Center , and AirDrop . In an editorial , Pogue stated that iOS 7 was the biggest change in the iPhone series , citing utilitarian interface changes as the main contributor to this . Scott Stein of CNET criticized the lack of design change over iPhone 5 and said that although the iPhone 5S `` is not a required upgrade , but it 's easily the fastest and most advanced Apple smartphone to date . '' Although praised the new iPhone for its camera , 64 - bit A7 chip , M7 motion - chip , and fingerprint scanning capabilities , some investors thought that the iPhone 5S , although a notable improvement over the iPhone 5 , was still relatively unchanged from its predecessor , and worried that the iPhone line had become a stagnant , dull product . Apple 's share price fell 5.4 % after the launch to close at a month low of $467.71 on the NASDAQ . Darrell Etherington of TechCrunch who praised the iPhone 5S as the best smartphone available said `` looks may not be different from the iPhone 5 , but the internal components have a dramatic impact on day - to - day activities normal for a smartphone user , '' and went into detail explaining the impact of the improved camera and specifications on the phone . Etherington suggested that the 64 - bit A7 processor will not reach its full potential until developers create applications supporting it . Myriam Joire of Engadget found that the iPhone 5S could benefit significantly from the A7 if developers created applications optimized for the 64 - bit processor . Anand Lal Shimpi of AnandTech praised the phone 's A7 processor , describing it as `` seriously impressive '' , and stated that it was the most `` futureproof of any iPhone ever launched . As much as it pains me to use the word futureproof , if you are one of those people who likes to hold onto their device for a while - the iPhone 5S is as good a starting point as any . '' Scott Lowe of IGN also speaking highly of its 64 - bit processor , `` which has a substantial lead in processing power over the HTC One and Samsung Galaxy S4 , accounting for a graphics boost of up to 32 % and 38 % in CPU benchmarks . '' The debut of Apple 's 64 - bit A7 processor took rival Android smartphone makers by surprise , particularly Qualcomm whose own 64 - bit system - on - chip was not released until 2015 . Most reviewers recommended the iPhone 5S over the iPhone 5C which was released at the same time . The 5C retained almost the same hardware as the discontinued iPhone 5 , while the iPhone 5S featured substantially improved performance / features thanks to its new 64 - bit A7 processor , as well as extra storage space , all for a relatively small additional upfront cost over the iPhone 5C ( US $650 versus US $550 in March 2014 ) . This was especially the case when iOS 8 was released and both iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were moved to the mid and low end of the iPhone range , respectively ; the iPhone 5S still had 16 or 32 GB storage available while the iPhone 5C had to make do with 8 GB storage with only 4.9 GB available to the user after installing iOS 8 . Furthermore , the 5C 's polycarbonate exterior received a mixed reception and was seen as a cost - cutting downgrade compared to the iPhone 5 's aluminum / glass case ; the 5S retained the latter design and looked even more premium due its additional gold finish . As of 2015 -- 16 , there were still a significant number of customers who preferred the 4 - inch screen size of iPhone 5S , which remained the second-most popular iPhone after the iPhone 6 and ahead of the iPhone 6S. Apple stated in their event that they sold 30 million 4 - inch iPhones in 2015 , even as that form factor was succeeded as the flagship iPhone by the redesigned larger display 4.7 / 5.5 - inch iPhone 6 and 6 Plus back in September 2014 . Furthermore , the 5 and 5S design was regarded as `` long been the golden child of Apple phone design and a benchmark for phones in general '' ( with the 5S 's gold finish adding a premium touch to the 5 's already well - regarded look ) , while the succeeding 6 and 6S design was less critically acclaimed as it `` felt a little bit wrong , as though you were holding a slick $650 bar of soap '' . The iPhone 5 was described as `` elegance rooted in the way the aluminum and glass work together . It felt streamlined , yet substantial , which is different from iPhone 6 , which feels substantial in size alone . Plus , unlike the ubiquitous rounded corners of the 6 , iPhone 5 did n't really look like anything else on the market at the time '' . However , the iPhone 5 / 5S design was not suited to scaling up , in contrast to the iPhone 6 / 6S which could better accommodate the growing consumer trend towards larger screen sizes and indeed spawned the 6 / 6S Plus phablet models . When Apple discontinued the iPhone 5S , it was replaced by the iPhone SE which outwardly appears almost identical to the 5S even as the SE 's internal hardware has been upgraded significantly . Commercial reception ( edit ) The iPhone 5S and 5C sold over nine million units in the first three days , setting a record for first weekend smartphone sales , with the 5S selling three times more units than the 5C . After the first day of release , 1 % of all iPhones in the US were iPhone 5Ss , while 0.3 % were iPhone 5Cs . Gene Munster of Piper Jaffray reported that the line at the Fifth Avenue Apple Store contained 1,417 people on release day , compared to 1,300 for the iPhone 4 in 2010 , and 549 for the iPhone 3G in 2008 on their respective release days . This was the first time that Apple launched two models simultaneously . The first - day release in China also contributed to the record sales result . On launch day , major in - stock shortages were reported in most stores , across all countries where the iPhone 5S initially went on sale . A great many customers in line outside Apple Stores worldwide were left disappointed due to severe shortages across all 5S models , with the gold model in particular being in highly limited supply . While this situation eased in the US in the days following the launch , other countries reported receiving few restocks . Some commentators questioned how Apple handled the initial release , as online pre-orders were not offered for the iPhone 5S , meaning large numbers of people queuing outside physical stores , with most in line not receiving a unit . In the US , Apple offered an online reservation system , so customers could keep checking for units available at their local Apple Stores , and order for pickup . Online orders were also in short supply on launch day , with the shipping date across all model sizes and colors changing from `` 7 - 10 working days '' to `` October '' in all countries , within hours of online orders being taken . The iPhone 5S was the best selling phone on AT&T , Sprint , Verizon , and T - Mobile in September 2013 in the United States , outselling the iPhone 5C and Samsung Galaxy S4 . According to Consumer Intelligence Research Partners , the iPhone 5S outsold the 5C by a two - to - one margin during its September release , confirming Apple CEO Tim Cook 's view that the high - end smartphone market was not reaching a point of market saturation . While commentators viewed the 5C as a flop because of supply chain cuts signifying a decline in demand , the 5S was viewed as a massive success . Apple admitted that it had failed to anticipate the sales ratio , leading to an overstocking of the 5C and shortages of the 5S . Six months after the release of the iPhone 5S , on March 25 , 2014 , Apple announced that sales of the iPhone brand had exceeded 500 million units . By May 2014 , despite having been on the market for eight months , the iPhone 5S reportedly outsold the newly released Samsung Galaxy S5 by 40 % , with 7 million iPhone 5S units versus 5 million Galaxy S5 units . The Galaxy S5 's failure to oust the iPhone 5S from the top selling spot was a major setback for Samsung Mobile , as the preceding Samsung Galaxy SIII and Samsung Galaxy S4 , in the first quarter of their releases , had outsold the iPhone 4S and iPhone 5 respectively . Impact of Touch ID ( edit ) See also : Touch ID § Impact A number of technology writers , including Adrian Kingsley - Hughes and Kevin Roose of New York believed that the fingerprint scanning functionality of the iPhone 5S could help spur the adoption of the technology as an alternative to passwords by mainstream users ( especially in `` bring your own device '' scenarios ) , as fingerprint - based authentication systems have only enjoyed wider usage in enterprise environments . However , citing research by biometrics engineer Geppy Parziale , Roose suggested that the CMOS - based sensor could become inaccurate and wear out over time unless Apple had designed the sensor to prevent this from occurring . Brent Kennedy , a researcher of the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team , recommended that users not immediately rely on the technology , citing the uncertainty over whether the system could properly reject a spoofed fingerprint . Following the release of the iPhone 5S , the German Chaos Computer Club announced on September 21 , 2013 that they had bypassed Apple 's new Touch ID fingerprint sensor by using `` easy everyday means '' . The group explained that the security system had been defeated by photographing a fingerprint from a glass surface and using that captured image to make a latex model thumb which was then pressed against the sensor to gain access . The spokesman for the group stated , `` We hope that this finally puts to rest the illusions people have about fingerprint biometrics . It is plain stupid to use something that you ca n't change and that you leave everywhere every day as a security token . '' However , in 2013 , 39 % of American smartphone users used no security measures at all to protect their smartphone . Others have also tried Chaos Computer Club 's method , but concluded that it is not an easy process in either time or effort , given that the user has to use a high resolution photocopy of a complete fingerprint , special chemicals and expensive equipment , and because the spoofing process takes some time to achieve . Problems ( edit ) Several problems were experienced with the iPhone 5S 's hardware after its release . The most widely reported issue is that the angle reported by the phone 's level sensor had drifted by several degrees , which caused the gyroscope , compass , and accelerometer to become inaccurate . Reports suggested that this is a hardware - induced problem . Some encountered other problems such as crashing with a blue screen and then restarting , the power button making a rattling noise when the phone was shaken , overheating , the microphone not working , and Touch ID not working for iTunes purchases . Some of these issues have been fixed by software updates . Timeline of models ( edit ) Sources : Apple press release library See also ( edit ) Apple Inc. portal List of iOS devices History of iPhone Comparison of smartphones References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` iPhone 5S Models '' . EveryiPhone.com . Jump up ^ Dumlao , Doris ( October 25 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5s , 5c coming to PH Nov. 15 '' . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved October 25 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Shimpi , Anand Lal ( March 31 , 2014 ) . `` Apple 's Cyclone Microarchitecture Detailed '' . AnandTech . Retrieved October 18 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Lal Shimpi , Anand ( September 17 , 2013 ) . `` The iPhone 5s Review : GPU Architecture '' . AnandTech . Retrieved September 18 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Lal Shimpi , Anand ( September 17 , 2013 ) . `` The iPhone 5s Review '' . AnandTech . Retrieved September 18 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` iPhone 5s internals and Apple A7 gallery '' . iMore . Retrieved October 24 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Klug , Brian ( September 12 , 2013 ) . `` Apple Increases iPhone 5C and 5S Battery Sizes relative to iPhone 5 '' . AnandTech . Retrieved September 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Sony Develops `` Exmor RS , '' the World 's First * 1 Stacked CMOS Image Sensor Also introduces imaging modules that deliver high picture quality and compact size , for use in mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets `` . Sony Global . August 20 , 2012 . Retrieved December 22 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` iPhone 5s chips : Samsung - made A7 , NXP - made M7 , Bosch accelerometer , Sony CMOS '' . iDownloadBlog . September 20 , 2013 . Retrieved December 22 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Some thoughts about the iPhone 5s camera improvements '' . anandTech . September 13 , 2013 . Retrieved May 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Low , Aloysius ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` Unannounced China version of the iPhone 5s and 5c will support TD - LTE '' . CNET . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 29 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` The iPhone 5s : fingerprint sensor and improved camera , starts at $199 and coming September 20th '' . The Verge . September 10 , 2013 . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Mossberg , Walt ( September 17 , 2013 ) . `` A New Touch for iPhone '' . All Things Digital . Dow Jones & Company . Retrieved September 18 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Stein , Scott ( September 17 , 2013 ) . `` Same look , small screen , big potential '' . CNET . CBS Interactive . Retrieved December 7 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Musil , Stephen ( September 22 , 2013 ) . `` Hackers claim to have defeated Apple 's Touch ID print sensor '' . CNET . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 23 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Chen , Brian X . ( September 23 , 2013 ) . `` Apple Sells Nine Million New iPhones '' . The New York Times . The New York Times Company . Retrieved September 23 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Etherington , Darrell ( October 7 , 2013 ) . `` Analyst : Both iPhone 5s And 5c Outselling The Samsung Galaxy S4 At AT&T And Sprint '' . TechCrunch . AOL . Retrieved October 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` iPhone SE first look : Where 2012 meets 2016 '' . MacWorld . IDG . Retrieved 23 March 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Apple buys patent - rich security firm Authentec for $356 million '' . The Verge . Vox Media . July 27 , 2012 . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Apple references iPhone fingerprint sensor in latest iOS 7 beta '' . The Verge . Vox Media . July 29 , 2013 . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Warren , Tom ( September 7 , 2013 ) . `` Rumored iPhone 5s packaging shows silver ring ' fingerprint sensor ' around home button '' . The Verge . Vox Media . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Apple 's Latest iPhone Puts Focus Back on Fingerprint Security '' . The Wall Street Journal . Dow Jones & Company . September 10 , 2013 . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` New iPhone to include fingerprint scanner : WSJ '' . The Verge . Vox Media . September 9 , 2013 . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Apple iPhone 5s launch confirmed for September 10 '' . TechRadar . Future plc . September 10 , 2013 . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Rogowsky , Mark ( September 13 , 2013 ) . `` One New iPhone Is Ready For Pre-Order ; Yes , Just One '' . Forbes . Forbes , Inc . Retrieved September 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Paczkowski , John ( September 13 , 2013 ) . `` Apple 's iPhone 5S , the A7 Chip , and That 64 - Bit Question '' . All Things Digital . Dow Jones & Company . Retrieved September 16 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Cava , Marco Della ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` Recap : Apple unveils iPhone 5S , 5C smartphones '' . USA Today . Gannett Company . Retrieved September 16 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Dent , Steve ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5s and 5s coming to 9 countries , including the US and China on September 20th '' . Engadget . AOL . Retrieved September 30 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` iPhone 5s & iPhone 5c Arrive in Italy , Russia , Spain & More Than 25 Countries on Friday , October 25 '' ( Press release ) . Cupertino , CA : Apple Inc . October 9 , 2013 . Retrieved October 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Ingraham , Nathan ( September 9 , 2014 ) . `` Apple drops iPhone 5S price to $99 , makes iPhone 5C its free option '' . The Verge . Vox Media . Retrieved August 9 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Apple Discontinues Gold Color Options for Older iPhone 6 , 6 Plus , and 5s '' . MacRumors . September 9 , 2015 . Retrieved September 28 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Where 'd all the gold iPhones go ? '' . TechRadar . September 9 , 2015 . Retrieved September 28 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Apple wo n't let you have gold unless you buy the new iPhone '' . The Verge . September 9 , 2015 . Retrieved September 28 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` With iPhone 6s launch , Apple no longer offers gold color option for iPhone 6 , 6 Plus , & 5s '' . 9to5mac . September 9 , 2015 . Retrieved September 28 , 2015 . Jump up ^ O'Kane , Sean ( 21 March 2016 ) . `` Apple discontinues the iPhone 5S '' . The Verge . Retrieved 22 March 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` iPhone SE Reviews : Apple 's Strange Case Of Jekyll And Hyde '' . Forbes . 26 March 2016 . Retrieved 1 April 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` With the iPhone SE , Apple Returns to a Masterpiece of Design '' . WIRED. 22 March 2016 . Retrieved 1 April 2016 . Jump up ^ Lendino , Jamie ( September 12 , 2013 ) . `` Apple iPhone 5S vs. Nokia Lumia 1020 : Camera Phone Heavyweights '' . PC Magazine . Ziff Davis Media . Retrieved September 26 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Mogull , Rich ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` The iPhone 5S fingerprint reader : what you need to know '' . Macworld . IDG . Retrieved September 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Apple - iPhone 5s - Design '' . Apple Inc . September 10 , 2013 . Retrieved September 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Scott ( September 19 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S or iPhone 5C : Which is Best for You ? '' . IGN . Ziff Davis Media . Retrieved September 22 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` The iPhone 5S : fingerprint sensor and improved camera , starts at $199 and coming September 20th '' . The Verge . September 10 , 2013 . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Gilbert , Ben ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S fingerprint sensor called Touch ID , recognizes your thumb on the Home button : here 's how it works and what it does '' . Engadget . AOL . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Chan & Chen . `` Cook Says Chinese Tastes Considered in Apple Product Designs '' . Bloomberg . Retrieved August 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Peckham , Matt ( September 13 , 2013 ) . `` Why in the World Would You Need a 64 - bit Smartphone ? '' . Time . Time Inc . Retrieved September 22 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Inside the iPhone 5s '' . Chipworks . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Estes , Adam Clark ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` How Apple 's M7 Chip Makes the iPhone 5S the Ultimate Tracking Device '' . Gizmodo . Retrieved September 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Sumra , Husain ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5s Includes New ' M7 ' Motion Coprocessor for Health and Fitness Tracking '' . MacRumors . Retrieved September 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Martin , Mel ( September 12 , 2013 ) . `` The iPhone 's M7 Motion coprocessor and Maps '' . TUAW . Retrieved September 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Colon , Alex ( September 12 , 2013 ) . `` Apple 's M7 coprocessor might bring big improvements to its mapping abilities '' . GigaOM . Retrieved September 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Burns , Chris ( September 12 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S Apple M7 coprocessor `` knows '' when you are sleeping `` . SlashGear . Retrieved September 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Klug , Brian ( September 12 , 2013 ) . `` Apple Increases iPhone 5C and 5S Battery Sizes relative to iPhone 5 '' . AnandTech . Retrieved October 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Clark , Matt ( September 12 , 2013 ) . `` Apple Boosts Battery Sizes for iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C '' . IGN . IGN Entertainment . Retrieved October 7 , 2013 . Jump up ^ McEntegart , Jane ( September 20 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S Teardown Reveals Glued Battery , Lack of M7 Chip '' . Tom 's Hardware . TechMediaNetwork . Retrieved October 20 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Grunin , Lori ( September 12 , 2013 ) . `` Apple iPhone 5S camera promises bigger pixels , slow - mo , better image processing '' . CNET . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Price , Wayne T. ( September 11 , 2013 ) . `` Fla. company 's fingerprints all over iPhone security '' . USA Today . Gannett Company . Retrieved September 16 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Rieger , Frank ( September 21 , 2013 ) . `` Chaos Computer Club breaks Apple TouchID '' . Chaos Computer Club . Retrieved September 28 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Newton , Casey ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` Confirmed : Apple iPhone 5S will include Touch ID fingerprint scanner '' . The Verge . Vox Media . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Rosenblatt , Seth ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` Fingerprint sensor Touch ID unlocks new iPhones '' . CNET . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Velazco , Chris ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` Apple 's Touch ID Is A 500ppi Fingerprint Sensor Built Into The iPhone 5S Home Button '' . TechCrunch . AOL . Retrieved September 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` iPhone 5s '' . Apple Online store . Apple Inc . ^ Jump up to : Gilbert , Ben ( September 12 , 2012 ) . `` Apple 's signature earbuds rebranded for iPhone 5 as ' EarPods ' '' . Engadget . AOL . Retrieved September 12 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Apple EarPods review '' . TechRadar . Future plc . September 15 , 2012 . Retrieved September 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Aguilar , Mario ( September 14 , 2012 ) . `` Apple EarPods Review : Better ! ( But Still Garbage ) '' . Gizmodo . Gawker Media . Retrieved September 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Souppouris , Aaron ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` iOS 7 will come to iPhones and iPads on September 18th '' . The Verge . Vox Media . Retrieved September 11 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Cue , Eddy ; Cook , Tim ; Federighi , Craig ; Ive , Jony et al. ( June 10 , 2013 ) . WWDC 2013 Keynote . Moscone West , San Francisco , California : Apple Inc . Event occurs at c. 1h 25min , to end . Retrieved December 7 , 2015 . Jump up ^ O'Grady , Jason D. ( September 11 , 2013 ) . `` 10 new iOS 7 features for the enterprise '' . ZDNet . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Calderon , Justin ( June 11 , 2013 ) . `` Apple 's next innovation to intimidate Asia '' . Inside Investor . Retrieved September 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Fingas , Jon ( June 10 , 2013 ) . `` iOS 7 to include Control Center for quick - access settings '' . Engadget . AOL . Retrieved September 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Apple - iTunes Radio - Hear where your music takes you . '' . Apple Inc . June 10 , 2013 . Retrieved October 8 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Apple iPhone 5s Case review : Slim , attractive case is a safe bet '' Check url = value ( help ) . Macworld . September 23 , 2013 . Retrieved September 28 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` iPhone 5S Dock '' . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on September 13 , 2013 . Retrieved September 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Franklin , Eric ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S and 5C each gets a new nearly identical dock '' . CNET . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Pogue , David ( September 17 , 2013 ) . `` In Arrival of 2 iPhones , 3 Lessons '' . The New York Times . The New York Times Company . Retrieved September 18 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Pogue , David ( September 17 , 2013 ) . `` Yes , There 's a New iPhone . But That 's Not the Big News . '' . The New York Times . The New York Times Company . Retrieved September 18 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Vlastelica , Ryan ( September 11 , 2013 ) . `` High iPhone price spooks investors , Apple shares drop '' . Reuters . Thomson Reuters . Retrieved September 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Etherington , Darrell ( September 17 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5s Review : Apple 's Latest Smartphone Goes For ( And Gets ) The Gold '' . TechCrunch . AOL . Retrieved September 18 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Joire , Myriam ( September 17 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5s review '' . Engadget . AOL . Retrieved September 18 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Lal Shimpi , Anand ( September 17 , 2013 ) . `` The iPhone 5S Review '' . AnandTech . Retrieved September 19 , 2013 . Jump up ^ http://www.imore.com/apples-64-bit-a7-chip-hit-us-gut-says-qualcomm-employee Jump up ^ https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewanspence/2015/04/27/apple-iphone-5s-qualcomm-snapdragon-810/#6f5fd9ae1d6c Jump up ^ Xavier Lanier . `` iPhone 5c : The iPhone That Is n't Worth Buying for $0 '' . Gotta Be Mobile . ^ Jump up to : ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Whitney , Lance ( September 23 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S activations more than triple those of 5C , says report '' . CNET . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 23 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Etherington , Darrell ( September 20 , 2013 ) . `` Apple 's iPhone 5S And 5C Launch Draws Big Crowds , Including Biggest Ever Line At NYC Flagship Store '' . TechCrunch . AOL . Retrieved September 21 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Gupta , Poornima ; Saba , Jennifer ( September 23 , 2013 ) . `` Apple polishes forecast after selling 9 million new iPhones '' . Reuters . Thomson Reuters . Retrieved September 24 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Rothman , Wilson ( September 21 , 2013 ) . `` As iPhone 5S goes on sale , shortages already loom '' . NBC News . NBCUniversal . Retrieved September 29 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Culzac , Natasha ( September 20 , 2013 ) . `` t 's here ! iPhone 5S sold out within minutes in first day of trading '' . The Metro . Associated Newspapers . Retrieved October 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Tibken , Shara ( September 20 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S , 5C hunters hit up NYC , but 64GB gold is elusive '' . CNET . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 29 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Hutchinson , Lee ( September 20 , 2013 ) . `` '' I 'm not leaving without a gold one ! '' Tales from the iPhone 5S line `` . Ars Technica . Condé Nast Publications . Retrieved October 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Welch , Chris ( September 28 , 2013 ) . `` Apple reportedly cutting iPhone 5S wait times with in - store pickup '' . The Verge . Vox Media . Retrieved October 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Grothaus , Michael ( September 22 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S ship times get pushed back to October '' . The Unofficial Apple Weblog . AOL . Retrieved October 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Clover , Juli ( September 21 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5s Shipping Estimates Slip to October '' . MacRumors . Retrieved October 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` iPhone 5s Outselling iPhone 5c Two to One '' . Dow Jones & Company . Retrieved October 16 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Gross , Doug ( October 18 , 2013 ) . `` Is Apple 's iPhone 5C a flop ? '' . CNN . TimeWarner . Retrieved October 18 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Apple iPhone crosses half billion in sales - BestMobs News '' . Bestmobs.com . March 26 , 2014 . Retrieved June 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ ( 2 ) Jump up ^ Kingsley - Hughes , Adrian ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S with Touch ID is a big win for BYOD security '' . ZDNet . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Will a fingerprint sensor be Apple 's next hit ? '' . invasivecode . August 10 , 2013 . Retrieved August 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Will the New iPhone 's ' Touch ID ' Feature Finally Make Fingerprint Scanning Happen ? '' . New York Magazine . September 10 , 2013 . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Greenberg , Andy ( September 10 , 2013 ) . `` Apple 's New iPhone ' Touch ID ' Makes Fingerprint Scans Easy , But Do n't Ditch Passcodes Yet '' . Forbes . Forbes , Inc . Retrieved September 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Motorola il iDEN ( May 3 , 2013 ) . `` 39 % of smartphone users do n't take the most basic security measures '' . Intomobile.com . Retrieved October 21 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Rogers , Marc ( 23 September 2014 ) . `` Why I hacked TouchID ( again ) and still think it 's awesome '' . blog.lookout.com . Retrieved 25 May 2017 . Jump up ^ Aguilar , Mario ( October 3 , 2013 ) . `` The iPhone 5S Motion Sensors Are Totally Screwed Up '' . Gizmodo . Gawker Media . Retrieved October 15 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Bonnington , Christina ( October 4 , 2013 ) . `` 7 Known Issues With the iPhone 5s and iOS 7 -- And How to Deal With Them '' . Wired . Condé Nast Publications . Retrieved October 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Hill , Simon ( October 10 , 2013 ) . `` iPhone 5S Problems and How to Fix Them ( Even the Blue Screen of Death ) '' . Digital Trends . Retrieved October 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Apple Inc. ( 2004 - 2016 ) . Press Release Library . Retrieved April 6 , 2016 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to iPhone . iPhone 5S -- official site Preceded by iPhone 5 iPhone 5C / iPhone 5S 7th generation Succeeded by iPhone 6 / iPhone 6 Plus iPhone SE iOS and iOS - based products History Outline Hardware Apple TV Apple Watch Series 2 Series 3 iPad 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Air Air 2 2017 iPad Mini 1st iPad Pro iPhone 1st 3G 3GS 4S 5 5C 5S 6 & 6 Plus 6S & 6S Plus SE 7 & 7 Plus 8 & 8 Plus X iPod Touch 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Software AirDrop AirPlay AirPrint CarPlay Cocoa Touch Control Center Core Animation iTunes iOS 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 All Notification Center SDK Siri Spotlight SpringBoard VoiceOver WebKit Bundled apps Calendar Clock Contacts FaceTime Files Find My Friends Find My iPhone Health iBooks Mail Maps Messages Music News Notes Photo Booth Photos Reminders Safari TV Videos Wallet Weather Watch Discontinued Newsstand Apple apps AirPort Utility Clips iLife GarageBand iMovie iWork Keynote Numbers Pages Logic Remote Remote Discontinued Beats Music Cards iPhoto Nike + iPod Services Apple Pay App Store Game Center iBookstore iCloud iMessage iTunes Connect iTunes Store Multitasking Push Notifications TestFlight Discontinued iAd iTunes Radio MobileMe Other 300 - page bill Apple mobile application processors FairPlay Free and open - source iOS applications Games History of iPhone iFund Jailbreaking Metal Swift WWDC Apple hardware since 1998 Consumer desktop / all - in - ones eMac iMac G3 G4 G5 Intel - based Mac Mini Professional tower / desktop Mac Pro Power Macintosh G3 G4 G4 Cube G5 Xserve Consumer notebook iBook MacBook Retina MacBook Air Professional notebooks PowerBook G3 G4 MacBook Pro Consumer electronics Apple TV Apple Watch 1st 2nd 3rd Displays Thunderbolt Cinema Studio iPad 1st 3rd 4th 5th iPad Air 1st iPad Mini 1st iPad Pro iPhone 1st 3G 3GS 4S 5 5C 5S 6 / 6 Plus 6S / 6S Plus SE 7 / 7 Plus 8 / 8 Plus X iPod Classic Photo Mini iPod + HP Shuffle Nano Touch Newton MessagePad eMate 300 Accessories AirPort Express Extreme Time Capsule iPod Click Wheel iPod Hi - Fi Nike+ iSight Keyboard Wireless Magic Trackpad Magic Magic 2 Mouse USB Pro Wireless Mighty Magic Magic 2 Pencil AirPods Remote Siri Remote SuperDrive USB Modem Xserve RAID AirPower Apple hardware before 1998 Apple hardware Apple II Family Discontinued Apple I Apple II series Apple III Apple Lisa Mac Desktop Current iMac Mac Pro Mac Mini Discontinued Compact Macintosh Macintosh II LC Quadra Performa Centris Power Macintosh eMac Laptop Current MacBook ( Retina ) MacBook Air MacBook Pro Discontinued Macintosh Portable PowerBook iBook MacBook ( pre-2015 ) Server Discontinued Workgroup Server Network Server Xserve Mac Mini Server Mac Pro Server Devices Current Apple TV Apple Watch Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 HomePod iPad ( 5th ) iPad Mini 4 iPad Pro iPhone 6S / 6S Plus SE 7 / 7 Plus 8 / 8 Plus X iPod Touch Discontinued Interactive Television Box Apple Watch ( 1st ) iPad 1st 3rd 4th Air Air 2 iPad Mini 1st iPhone 1st 3G 3GS 4S 5 5C 5S 6 / 6 Plus iPod Classic iPod Hi - Fi iPod Mini iPod Nano iPod Shuffle Newton Apple Pippin PowerCD Apple QuickTake Accessories Current AirPort AirPort Express Router AirPort Extreme Router AirPort Time Capsule Magic Mouse 2 Magic Trackpad 2 Apple Pencil AirPods Smart Keyboard Remote Siri Remote External SuperDrive Magic Keyboard AirPower Discontinued Displays Thunderbolt Cinema Studio Drives iSight Modems Printers Scanners Mighty Mouse Magic Mouse Magic Trackpad Apple Wireless Keyboard Apple Mobile Processors 64 - bit Apple A7 Apple A8 Apple A8X Apple A9 Apple A9X Apple A10 Apple A10X Apple A11 32 - bit Apple A4 Apple A5 Apple A5X Apple A6 Apple A6X Apple S1 Apple S2 Apple S3 Comparison of Macintosh models Timeline of Apple Inc. products Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IPhone_5S&oldid=807081752 '' Categories : IPhone Mobile phones introduced in 2013 IOS ( Apple ) Hidden categories : Pages with URL errors Use mdy dates from September 2016 Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Good articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца )  Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español فارسی Français 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk پنجابی Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenčina کوردی Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 25 October 2017 , at 19 : 50 . 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Question: how many inches is the iphone 5s screen


List of Australian capital cities - wikipedia List of Australian capital cities Jump to : navigation , search There are eight capital cities in Australia , each of which functions as the seat of government for the state or territory in which it is located . Melbourne was the initial capital following the 1901 Federation of Australia . In 1927 , the seat of national government was moved to the newly created city of Canberra , which continues to serve as the national capital . Each capital city hosts the judicial , administrative and legislative functions for its jurisdiction . In each state and internal territory , the capital is also the jurisdiction 's most populous city . The Australian external territory of Norfolk Island has its official capital at Kingston , although this acts merely as the administrative centre of government ; its de facto capital is Burnt Pine . WESTERN AUSTRALIA NORTHERN TERRITORY SOUTH AUSTRALIA QUEENSLAND NEW SOUTH WALES VICTORIA TASMANIA Perth Adelaide Melbourne Canberra ( ACT ) Sydney Brisbane Hobart Darwin State and Territory Capitals of Australia Jurisdiction Capital City Population State / Territory Population Percentage of State / Territory population in capital city Date of statehood Capital since Image Australia and Australian Capital Territory Canberra 403,468 403,468 100.00 % Must remain a territory as per s. 125 of the Australian Constitution 1913 View of Civic from Mount Ainslie , with Telstra Tower in the background New South Wales Sydney 5,029,768 7,759,274 64.82 % 1788 1788 Skyline of the Sydney central business district Victoria Melbourne 4,725,316 6,179,249 76.47 % 1851 1851 The Melbourne skyline on the Yarra River Queensland Brisbane 2,360,241 4,848,877 48.68 % 1859 1860 Brisbane 's CBD , with the Story Bridge in the foreground Western Australia Perth 2,022,044 2,558,951 79.02 % 1829 1829 View of Perth CBD skyline South Australia Adelaide 1,324,279 1,713,054 77.31 % 1836 1836 View of Adelaide Skyline . Tasmania Hobart 224,462 517,588 43.37 % 1825 1826 View of the Hobart downtown district and Mount Wellington from Constitution Dock Northern Territory Darwin 145,916 245,740 59.38 % Has not attained Statehood 1911 View of Darwin CBD Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Although the ACT has its own government , it remains a territory ultimately under Commonwealth rule . Jump up ^ in 1911 , South Australia transferred responsibility for governing the Northern Territory to the Commonwealth Government of Australia . It was granted self - governance in 1978 , however the Northern Territory is still considered a territory under Commonwealth rule , not a state . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Norfolk Island - Kingston http://www.pitcairners.org/vt_kingston.html Norfolk Island 's Home on the Web Jump up ^ http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3218.0Main+Features12016?OpenDocument Jump up ^ http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02016?OpenDocument External links ( edit ) Capital cities of Australia National and ACT Canberra NSW Sydney NT Darwin QLD Brisbane SA Adelaide TAS Hobart VIC Melbourne WA Perth List of cities in Australia Australia articles History Timeline Bibliography Prehistory Archaeology European Exploration Territorial evolution 1788 -- 1850 1851 -- 1900 1901 -- 1945 Since 1945 By topic Constitutional Diplomatic Economic Federation Immigration Indigenous Military Monarchy Railway Geography Climate Continent Deserts Environment issues Earthquakes Flora Fauna Forests Geology Islands Mountains Regions Protected areas Rivers Subdivisions States and Territories Capitals Cities Politics Constitution Courts Elections Donations Electoral system Parties Federal budget Foreign relations Government Governor - General Human rights Intersex LGBT Transgender Intelligence and security Law Constitution Judiciary Enforcement Military Monarchy National debt Parliament Public Service Women Government leaders Government ministers Economy Agriculture Dollar ( currency ) Energy Gross state product Home ownership Public housing Household income Manufacturing Media Mining Poverty Reserve Bank Stock Exchange Superannuation Taxation Telecommunications Tourism Transportation Welfare system Society Crime Demographics Education Ethnic groups Health care Homelessness Immigration Languages Religion Women Culture Architecture Art Arts Australian English Cinema Cuisine Dance Literature Music Public holidays Radio Sport Symbols Television Theatre Outline Index Book Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Australian_capital_cities&oldid=836673277 '' Categories : Australian capital cities Demographics of Australia Lists of capitals of country subdivisions Lists of cities in Australia Talk About Wikipedia Languages Bahasa Indonesia ქართული Македонски Bahasa Melayu Norsk Português Русский தமிழ் اردو 3 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 April 2018 , at 05 : 07 . 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Question: what was the first capital city of australia