Because I could not stop for Death - wikipedia Because I could not stop for Death Jump to : navigation , search Emily Dickinson in a daguerreotype , circa December 1846 or early 1847 `` Because I could not stop for Death '' is a lyrical poem by Emily Dickinson first published posthumously in Poems : Series 1 in 1890 . The persona of Dickinson 's poem meets personified Death . Death is a gentleman caller who takes a leisurely carriage ride with the speaker to her grave . According to Thomas H. Johnson 's variorum edition of 1955 the number of this poem is 712 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Summary 2 Text 3 Critique 4 Musical settings 5 References 6 External links Summary ( edit ) The poem was published posthumously in 1890 in Poems : Series 1 , a collection of Dickinson 's poems assembled and edited by her friends Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson . The poem was published under the title `` The Chariot '' . It is composed in six quatrains with the meter alternating between iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter . Stanzas 1 , 2 , 4 , and 6 employ end rhyme in their second and fourth lines , but some of these are only close rhyme or eye rhyme . In the third stanza , there is no end rhyme , but `` ring '' in line 2 rhymes with `` gazing '' and `` setting '' in lines 3 and 4 respectively . Internal rhyme is scattered throughout . Figures of speech include alliteration , anaphora , paradox , and personification . The poem personifies Death as a gentleman caller who takes a leisurely carriage ride with the poet to her grave . She also personifies immortality . The volta ( turn ) happens in the fourth quatrain . Structurally , the syllables shift from its constant 8 - 6 - 8 - 6 scheme to 6 - 8 - 8 - 6 . This parallels with the undertones of the sixth quatrain . The personification of death changes from one of pleasantry to one of ambiguity and morbidity : `` Or rather -- He passed Us -- / The Dews drew quivering and chill -- '' ( 13 - 14 ) . The imagery changes from its original nostalgic form of children playing and setting suns to Death 's real concern of taking the speaker to afterlife . Text ( edit ) Close transcription First published version Because I could not stop for Death -- He kindly stopped for me -- The Carriage held but just Ourselves -- And Immortality . We slowly drove -- He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too , For His Civility -- We passed the School , where Children strove At Recess -- in the Ring -- We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain -- We passed the Setting Sun -- Or rather -- He passed Us -- The Dews drew quivering and Chill -- For only Gossamer , my Gown -- My Tippet -- only Tulle -- We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground -- The Roof was scarcely visible -- The Cornice -- in the Ground -- Since then -- ' tis Centuries -- and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses ' Heads Were toward Eternity -- THE CHARIOT Because I could not stop for Death , He kindly stopped for me ; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality . We slowly drove , he knew no haste , And I had put away My labor , and my leisure too , For his civility . We passed the school where children played , Their lessons scarcely done ; We passed the fields of gazing grain , We passed the setting sun . We paused before a house that seemed A swelling of the ground ; The roof was scarcely visible , The cornice but a mound . Since then ' tis centuries ; but each Feels shorter than the day I first surmised the horses ' heads Were toward eternity . Critique ( edit ) In 1936 Allen Tate wrote , `` ( The poem ) exemplifies better than anything else ( Dickinson ) wrote the special quality of her mind ... If the word great means anything in poetry , this poem is one of the greatest in the English language ; it is flawless to the last detail . The rhythm charges with movement the pattern of suspended action back of the poem . Every image is precise and , moreover , not merely beautiful , but inextricably fused with the central idea . Every image extends and intensifies every other ... No poet could have invented the elements of ( this poem ) ; only a great poet could have used them so perfectly . Miss Dickinson was a deep mind writing from a deep culture , and when she came to poetry , she came infallibly . '' Musical settings ( edit ) The poem has been set to music by Aaron Copland as the twelfth song of his song cycle Twelve Poems of Emily Dickinson . And again , by John Adams as the second movement of his choral symphony Harmonium , and also set to music by Nicholas J. White as a single movement piece for chorus and chamber orchestra . Natalie Merchant and Susan McKeown have created a song of the same name while preserving Dickinson 's exact poem in its lyrics . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` '' Because I could not stop for Death `` : Study Guide '' . Retrieved July 10 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Fr # 479 in : Franklin , R.W. , ed . The Poems of Emily Dickinson : Reading Edition . Cambridge , MA : The Belknap Press , 1999 . Jump up ^ Poem IV. XXVII ( page 138 ) in : Higginson , T.W. & Todd , Mabel Loomis , ed . Poems by Emily Dickinson . Boston : Roberts Brothers , 1890 . Jump up ^ Tate 1936 , pp. 14 - 5 External links ( edit ) Wikisource has original text related to this article : Because I could not stop for Death -- www.nicholasjwhite.com Critical essays on `` Because I could not stop for Death '' ( hide ) Emily Dickinson Poetry `` Success is Counted Sweetest '' ( 1864 ) `` Because I could not stop for Death '' ( 1890 ) `` I taste a liquor never brewed '' ( 1890 ) `` A Bird came down the Walk '' ( 1891 ) `` I 'm Nobody ! Who are you ? '' ( 1891 ) `` I like to see it lap the Miles '' ( 1891 ) `` I heard a Fly buzz -- when I died '' ( 1896 ) `` There is a pain -- so utter -- '' ( 1929 ) People Edward Dickinson ( father ) William Austin Dickinson ( brother ) Lavinia Norcross Dickinson ( sister ) Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson ( sister in law ) Thomas Wentworth Higginson ( editor ) Mabel Loomis Todd ( editor ) Related Emily Dickinson home and museum Dickinson Historic District Collected manuscripts and papers Emily Dickinson International Society The Emily Dickinson Journal Dickinson Electronic Archives The Belle of Amherst ( 1976 play ) A Quiet Passion ( 2016 film ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Because_I_could_not_stop_for_Death&oldid=809644284 '' Categories : American poems Poetry by Emily Dickinson Poems about death 1890 poems Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Latina Edit links This page was last edited on 10 November 2017 , at 13 : 48 . 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Question: where was because i could not stop for death published


First appearance - wikipedia First appearance Jump to : navigation , search ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( July 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) In American comic books and other stories with a long history , first appearance refers to the first issue to feature a fictional character . These issues are often highly valued by collectors due to their rarity and iconic status . Contents ( hide ) 1 Monetary value of first appearance issues 2 Reader interest in first appearances 3 Ambiguity of first appearance 4 First appearances of popular heroes , villains and teams 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References Monetary value of first appearance issues ( edit ) First appearances of popular characters are among the most valuable comic books in existence . Of the `` ten most valuable comic books '' listed in the spring 2002 issue of The Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide , seven are first appearances of popular superheroes . Another , Marvel Comics # 1 ( October 1939 ) , is the first appearance of the Golden Age Human Torch but is more noteworthy as the first comic book published by industry giant Marvel Comics . It can take many years for a character to attain sufficient popularity after their first appearance to be considered `` iconic . '' By the point a character reaches that level of popularity , it is common for few copies of their first appearance issues to remain . Furthermore , even fewer of those remaining copies will be in the pristine condition prized by collectors . What few remain can be worth thousands of dollars to interested collectors . For example , in 2004 , a copy of Flash Comics # 1 ( January 1940 ) , the first appearance of The Flash , was auctioned for $42,000 and a copy of Captain America Comics # 1 ( March 1941 ) , the first appearance of Captain America sold for $64,400 . In 2010 , another copy of Flash Comics # 1 sold privately for $450,000 . The first appearance of Superman , Action Comics # 1 ( June 1938 ) , has been regarded as the `` holy grail '' of comic books , due to its cultural significance and rarity ( fewer than one hundred copies are thought to exist ) . Superman is widely considered to have solidified , if not created , the superhero archetype ; therefore , his first appearance is not only important to fans of the character but to fans of superheroes and comic books as a whole . Well - preserved copies of Action Comics # 1 have been sold at auction for record - breaking prices . A copy graded at 8.0 ( `` very fine '' ) on the 10 - point scale typically used by collectors was sold at auction for $1,000,000 in 2010 . Even a copy graded at a much lower 5.5 ( `` fine minus '' ) sold for $956,000 in 2016 . Shortly after the record - breaking million - dollar sale of Action Comics # 1 in 2010 , a copy of Detective Comics # 27 featuring the first appearance of Batman was sold for $1,075,000 in a Heritage auction . Several factors determine the value of a first appearance . Note : All values are according to ComicsPriceGuide.com and are for editions certified by the Certified Collectibles Group ( see below ) : The importance of the character ( s ) that debuted ; the first appearance of Spider - Man in very fine condition is listed at $45,150 ; the first appearance of the less popular Iron Man , in the same condition , is listed at $3,837 ; and the first appearances of the vast majority of characters are not valued significantly higher than other comics published the same month . The rarity of comic book itself ; comics from the Golden Age are usually more valuable than later comic books because they are older and fewer copies survive . Spider - Man is more popular than The Spectre but Spider - Man 's 1962 first appearance is valued at $45,150 while a copy of The Spectre 's 1940 debut , in fine condition , is valued at $54,000 . Also , first appearances often lack value if they are relatively recent issues of high - profile , best - selling titles . Except during a 1990s collector 's bubble , the first appearances of several Image Comics characters and newer X-Men have not been as valuable as one may expect for such popular characters because those comics were widely produced . Other reasons for historical importance ; The Fantastic Four ( November 1961 ) # 1 is not only the first appearance of the eponymous group but also represents a turning point in the history of Marvel Comics and is the first issue of a long - running series . Occasionally , a comic book is the first appearance of more than one important character . Usually the characters are related ; X-Men # 1 ( September 1963 ) introduced the X-Men and their archenemy Magneto . However , rarely a comic book is the first appearance of two unrelated , important characters . More Fun Comics # 73 ( November 1941 ) introduced both Green Arrow and Aquaman , who have little relation to one another . This is also the case with Action Comics # 1 , which contained the first appearances of Zatara and Tex Thomson , as well as Superman . Occasionally a first appearance will lack the value expected for a character of such stature because the debut was not splashy . Wonder Woman , an immensely popular and historically important hero , debuted in All Star Comics # 8 ( December 1941 ) in one of several stories and was not featured on the cover . This issue is valued at $30,000 in fine condition . Comparatively , the first appearances of equally ( or even less ) important peers Green Lantern and The Flash , boldly introduced on their covers , are worth $131,250 and $69,000 , respectively . Arguably , the first appearance of Wonder Woman is worth much less because she did not make a flashy debut that lent the comic book an air of history . As is the case with all collectibles , condition greatly affects the value of comic books , although considerable wear is expected for decades - old comics . Most comic books are worth more if their condition is certified and they are protectively packaged ( or `` slabbed '' ) by the Certified Collectibles Group , a professional grading service involved in the sale of most high - value comic books , although some fans accuse the group of inflating the value of comics . Reader interest in first appearances ( edit ) Collectors value first appearances for their rarity and historical value , while many regular readers are interested in viewing how their favorite characters were originally portrayed . Reprints of first appearances are often published , both as single comic books and in trade paperbacks , usually with other early appearances of the character . Marvel Comics ' `` Essential '' line has become popular by giving readers an affordable glimpse into characters ' early history . Historically , first appearances tell the origin story for the character , although some , such as Batman and Green Goblin , remained dubious figures for several issues . Modern writers prefer to tell a character 's origin across an entire story arc or keep a newly introduced character mysterious until a `` secret origin '' issue . Some fans consider this a gimmick and prefer the older method . The artistic merit of many first appearances is debatable . The events portrayed in most famous first appearances are continuously retconed , rebooted and / or expanded upon by subsequent writers . Like many golden and silver age comics , first appearances often become dated and do not fit the modern portrayal of the character . However , some first appearances are considered classics . 1990s - era Spider - Man writer Howard Mackie said that his favorite story featuring the character was his first appearance and origin story in Amazing Fantasy # 15 ( August 1962 ) , stating that writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko `` gave us everything we needed , I wanted or could ask for in the least possible space . Every single person who retells the origin never improves on the original , they simply expand it . '' Ambiguity of first appearance ( edit ) While seemingly a simple concept , determining the first appearance may be complex . The following are instances in which a character 's first appearance may be difficult to determine : Those unfamiliar to comics may assume that Iron Man 's first appearance is The Invincible Iron Man # 1 ( May 1968 ) . However , in the golden and early silver ages of comic books , few superheroes debuted in magazines carrying their names . More often a character first appeared in a generically titled anthology series . If the character proved popular , a new series was launched . For example , Iron Man first appeared in Tales of Suspense # 39 ( March 1963 ) and appeared regularly in that series for five years before Marvel launched a series properly named Iron Man . Wonder Woman , Spider - Man , The Mighty Thor and many others also first appeared in anthology series . The first appearance of `` all - star '' teams is given as the first instance in which that team banded together regardless of whether or not it consists of previously existing characters . The first appearance of The Justice League of America is considered The Brave and the Bold # 28 ( May 1960 ) , the issue in which they first operated as a group , although none of its members first appeared in that issue . Alternatively , X-Men # 1 ( September 1963 ) is both the first appearance of the X-Men and that of each of the team 's original members . Sometimes a character first appears in the last page of an issue , foreshadowing his or her greater role in the next issue . Arguments can ensue over whether the first appearance is the issue containing the final page cameo or the subsequent issue which more adequately introduced the character . Wolverine was first seen in the last page of The Incredible Hulk # 180 ( October 1974 ) but makes a more full appearance in issue # 181 ( November 1974 ) . Stricter fans may consider The Incredible Hulk # 180 Wolverine 's first appearance but most consider it # 181 . ComicsPriceGuide.com lists a copy of issue # 180 , rated very fine , at $149 and # 181 at $2,075 . Comparatively , The Incredible Hulk # 179 ( September 1974 ) , which has no special importance , is listed at $11 , so both types of first appearance add value to a comic book . Retconning can also complicate first appearances . Initially , Cable was portrayed as a wholly new character , first appearing in The New Mutants # 87 ( March 1990 ) . However , writers later changed his background , stating that Cable is an adult , time - traveling Nathan Summers , the son of Cyclops and Madelyne Pryor , first seen in Uncanny X-Men # 201 ( January 1986 ) . Both issues could be given as the first appearance of Cable . Further complicating the matter , Cable was seen in a cameo at the end of The New Mutants # 86 ( February 1990 ) . Some superhero identities are used by more than one character . The original Green Lantern first appeared in All - American Comics # 16 ( April 1940 ) . During the Silver Age , Green Lantern , like many DC heroes , was rebooted with a totally new identity . The second Green Lantern , Hal Jordan , debuted in Showcase # 22 ( October 1959 ) . All - American Comics # 16 is still considered the first appearance of Green Lantern , both of the original title - bearer and the superhero identity itself . To avoid confusion , Showcase # 22 is called the first appearance of Hal Jordan , of Green Lantern II or of the Silver Age Green Lantern . Occasionally , a character will appear in the background of a comic book before fully introduced . Spider - Man 's early love interest Liz Allan is first addressed by name in Amazing Spider - Man # 4 ( September 1963 ) . However , an unnamed character in Amazing Spider - Man # 1 ( March 1963 ) is , based on her appearance and dialogue , probably Allan . Plus , Amazing Fantasy # 15 ( August 1962 ) , shows an unnamed , unspeaking character who looks exactly like Allan . Thus Allan 's first appearance may be given as any of the three . Some characters appear in more than one continuity . While the first appearance of Nightcrawler is Giant - Size X-Men # 1 ( May 1975 ) , the first appearance of `` Ultimate Nightcrawler '' ( Nightcrawler in the alternate Ultimate Marvel universe ) is Ultimate X-Men # 6 ( August 2001 ) . Sometimes new characters are created for television or film adaptations of a franchise and are later added to the comic book continuity . The Batman adversary Harley Quinn debuted in the 1992 Batman : The Animated Series episode `` Joker 's Favor '' . Her first appearance in comic format was the graphic novel The Batman Adventures # 12 , which took place in the continuity of Batman : The Animated Series . Her first appearance in the regular `` DC Universe '' was the 1999 one - shot Batman : Harley Quinn . Thus her first appearance is technically Joker 's Favor , her first appearance in a comic book was The Batman Adventures # 12 and her first appearance in the regular DC Comics continuity was Batman : Harley Quinn . Similarly , Firestar first appeared in Spider - Man and His Amazing Friends # 1 , which adapted the first episode of the TV series . Her first Earth - 616 appearance was in The Uncanny X-Men # 193 . Rarely , a character debuts in a publisher 's foreign branch and then appears in a domestic series . Psylocke first appeared in Captain Britain # 8 ( December 1976 ) , an original series of Marvel UK not widely available outside Great Britain . Her debut in an American series was The New Mutants Annual # 2 ( 1986 ) . Her first appearance is sometimes given as either but more correctly it is Captain Britain # 8 while The New Mutants Annual # 2 is her first US appearance . Some characters appear first in a normal supporting role before becoming a superhero or villain . For example , Roderick Kingsley first appeared as a minor supporting character in The Spectacular Spider - Man # 43 ( June 1980 ) . However , he would later take on the villainous role of the Hobgoblin in The Amazing Spider - Man # 238 ( March 1983 ) , becoming one of Spider - Man 's most dangerous foes . The latter issue , featuring his first appearance as the Hobgoblin , is worth quite a bit more than his original debut . First appearances of popular heroes , villains and teams ( edit ) Note : All values are according to Comics Price Guide . Prices given are for the best available editions . Thus prices of Golden Age comics are for editions in `` fine '' condition because editions in better condition for such old comics are either extremely rare or have never been confirmed to exist . Prices for Silver Age and subsequent comics are for `` very fine '' editions . Priced are also for editions graded by the Certified Collectibles Group . Data is correct as of 25 January 2006 . Character ( s ) First Appearance Cover Date Publisher Estimated Value Superman Action Comics # 1 June 1938 DC Comics $2,100,000 Batman Detective Comics # 27 May 1939 DC Comics $475,000 Sandman ( Wesley Dodds ) Adventure Comics # 40 July 1939 DC Comics $60,000 Namor the Sub-Mariner Marvel Comics # 1 October 1939 Timely Comics $400,000 Jay Garrick / Flash I ; Hawkman Flash Comics # 1 January 1940 All - American Pubs . $95,000 Captain Marvel Whiz Comics # 2 February 1940 Fawcett Comics $90,000 Robin Detective Comics # 38 May 1940 DC Comics $75,000 The Spectre More Fun Comics # 52 February 1940 DC Comics $72,000 Lex Luthor Action Comics # 23 May 1940 DC Comics $8,025 The Joker ; Catwoman Batman # 1 Spring 1940 DC Comics $160,500 Green Lantern All - American Comics # 16 July 1940 All - American Pubs . $131,250 Captain America Captain America Comics # 1 March 1941 Timely Comics $125,250 Aquaman ; Green Arrow More Fun Comics # 73 November 1941 DC Comics $10,050 Wonder Woman All Star Comics # 8 December 1941 All - American Pubs . $60,000 Barry Allen / Flash II Showcase # 4 October 1956 DC Comics $48,000 The Justice League of America The Brave and the Bold # 28 May 1960 DC Comics $8,127 The Fantastic Four The Fantastic Four # 1 November 1961 Marvel Comics $28,896 The Hulk The Incredible Hulk # 1 May 1962 Marvel Comics $21,672 Dr. Doom The Fantastic Four # 5 June 1962 Marvel Comics $4,154 Spider - Man Amazing Fantasy # 15 August 1962 Marvel Comics $45,150 Iron Man Tales of Suspense # 39 March 1963 Marvel Comics $3,837 Doctor Strange Strange Tales # 110 July 1963 Marvel Comics $3,500 X-Men ; Magneto X-Men # 1 September 1963 Marvel Comics $13,545 The Avengers The Avengers # 1 September 1963 Marvel Comics $5,148 Daredevil Daredevil # 1 April 1964 Marvel Comics $3,160 Teen Titans The Brave and the Bold # 54 July 1964 DC Comics $415 The Punisher The Amazing Spider - Man # 129 February 1974 Marvel Comics $15,000 Wolverine The Incredible Hulk # 181 October 1974 Marvel Comics $1600 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles # 1 May 1984 Mirage Studios $2,400 See also ( edit ) Comic book collecting List of first appearances in Marvel Comics publications Notes ( edit ) ^ Nicolas Cage 's 9.0 graded Action Comics # 1 sold in 2011 . ^ Batman # 1 , the first appearance of the Joker and Catwoman , is especially valuable since it is also the first issue of a long - running series and the first comic book to bear Batman 's name as its title . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Gemstonepub.com Archived 2006 - 02 - 07 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ http://www.comicbookresources.com/news/newsitem.cgi?id=4275 Jump up ^ Heritagegalleries.com Archived 2006 - 02 - 18 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ http://itsalljustcomics.com/2010/03/16/edgar-churchmile-high-flash-comics-1-sells-for-450000/ ^ Jump up to : `` Comic book containing Superman 's debut sold for nearly one million dollars '' . The Telegraph . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 07 . Jump up ^ Holt , Douglas B. ( 2004 ) . How Brands Become Icons : The Principles of Cultural Branding . Boston , MA : Harvard Business School Press . p. 1 . ISBN 1 - 57851 - 774 - 5 . Jump up ^ `` Action Comics No. 1 sale pushes Superman to new heights '' . Hero Complex - movies , comics , pop culture - Los Angeles Times . 2010 - 02 - 23 . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` Batman beats Superman ( again ) as his first comic appearance breaks $1 - million mark '' . Hero Complex - movies , comics , pop culture - Los Angeles Times . 2010 - 02 - 26 . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 07 . Jump up ^ Complete Marvel Reading Order Jump up ^ geocities.com/mbrown123 Jump up ^ Teako170.com Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 2006 - 01 - 26 . Retrieved 2006 - 01 - 26 . Jump up ^ http://yetanothercomicsblog.blogspot.com/2005/01/origin-stories.html Jump up ^ http://www.spidermancrawlspace.com/interviews/mackie4.htm Jump up ^ Showcase # 4 @ Heritage Auction Galleries Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_appearance&oldid=816557004 '' Categories : Comics terminology First events Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from October 2010 Articles needing additional references from July 2008 All articles needing additional references Articles that may contain original research from July 2008 All articles that may contain original research Articles with multiple maintenance issues Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2006 All articles containing potentially dated statements Talk Contents About Wikipedia Српски / srpski 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 22 December 2017 , at 03 : 37 . 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Question: who came out first batman or spider man


I Heard it Through the Grapevine - wikipedia I Heard it Through the Grapevine Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the song . For the album by Marvin Gaye , see I Heard It Through the Grapevine ( album ) . For the idiom , see Wiktionary : hear through the grapevine . `` Heard It Through the Grapevine '' redirects here . For the South Korean television series , see Heard It Through the Grapevine ( TV series ) . `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' Single by Marvin Gaye from the album In the Groove B - side `` You 're What 's Happening ( in the World Today ) '' Released October 30 , 1968 Format 7 - inch single Recorded February 3 , 8 , 13 , 15 , & April 10 , 1967 Studio Hitsville USA ( Studio A ) , Detroit , Michigan Genre R&B psychedelic soul Length 3 : 16 Label Tamla ( T 54176 ) Songwriter ( s ) Norman Whitfield Barrett Strong Producer ( s ) Norman Whitfield Marvin Gaye singles chronology `` His Eye is on the Sparrow '' ( 1968 ) `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' ( 1968 ) `` Good Lovin ' Ai n't Easy to Come By '' ( 1969 ) `` His Eye is on the Sparrow '' ( 1968 ) `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' ( 1968 ) `` Good Lovin ' Ai n't Easy to Come By '' ( 1969 ) `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' is a song written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong for Motown Records in 1966 . The first recording of the song to be released was produced by Whitfield for Gladys Knight & the Pips and released as a single in September 1967 ; it went to number two in the Billboard chart . The Miracles recorded the song first and included their version on their 1968 album , Special Occasion . The Marvin Gaye version was placed on his 1968 album In the Groove , where it gained the attention of radio disc jockeys , and Motown founder Berry Gordy finally agreed to its release as a single in October 1968 , when it went to the top of the Billboard Pop Singles chart for seven weeks from December 1968 to January 1969 and became for a time the biggest hit single on the Motown label ( Tamla ) . The Gaye recording has since become an acclaimed soul classic , and in 2004 , it was placed 81 on the Rolling Stone list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . On the commemorative fortieth anniversary of the Billboard Hot 100 issue of Billboard magazine in June 2008 , Marvin Gaye 's `` Grapevine '' was ranked sixty - fifth . It was also inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame for `` historical , artistic and significant '' value . In addition to being released several times by Motown artists , the song has been recorded by a range of musicians including Creedence Clearwater Revival , who made an eleven - minute interpretation for their 1970 album , Cosmo 's Factory ; and has been used twice in television commercials -- each time using session musicians recreating the style of the Marvin Gaye version : the 1985 Levi 's commercial , `` Launderette '' , featuring male model Nick Kamen , and the 1986 California raisins promotion with Buddy Miles as the singer for the clay animation group The California Raisins . Contents ( hide ) 1 Composition 2 Motown recordings 2.1 Marvin Gaye 2.2 Gladys Knight & the Pips 3 Releases 4 Legacy 5 Covers 6 Media 7 Personnel 8 Chart performance 8.1 Weekly charts 8.1. 1 Reissue version 8.2 Year - end charts 9 References 10 External links Composition ( edit ) The lyrics tell the story in the first person of the singer 's feelings of betrayal and disbelief when he hears of his girlfriend 's infidelity only indirectly `` through the `` grapevine '' . By 1966 , Barrett Strong , the singer on Motown Records ' breakthrough hit , `` Money ( That 's What I Want ) '' , had the basics of a song he had started to write in Chicago , where the idea had come to him while walking down Michigan Avenue that people were always saying `` I heard it through the grapevine '' . The phrase is associated with black slaves during the Civil War , who had their form of telegraph : the human grapevine . Producer Norman Whitfield worked with Strong on the song , adding lyrics to Strong 's basic Ray Charles influenced gospel tune and the single chorus line of `` I heard it through the grapevine '' . This was to be the first of a number of successful collaborations between Strong and Whitfield . Motown recordings ( edit ) Producer Norman Whitfield recorded `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' with various Motown artists . The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6 , 1966 , though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers , or at least Whitfield intended to record it with them ; however a track has not turned up -- some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled . The Miracles ' version was not released as a single due to Berry Gordy 's veto during Motown 's weekly quality control meetings ; Gordy advised Whitfield and Strong to create a stronger single . The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 Special Occasion album , and a slightly different take , possibly from the same session but unreleased , appeared on the 1998 compilation album , Motown Sings Motown Treasures . Marvin Gaye 's version was recorded in spring 1967 , and is the second known recording , though was also rejected by Gordy as a single , and would also later go onto an album , In the Groove . The third recording was in 1967 with Gladys Knight and the Pips in a new , faster arrangement . Gordy accepted the new arrangement and the Gladys Knight version was released as a single in September 1967 , reaching number 2 in the charts . When Gaye 's album with his version of Grapevine was released in August 1968 , radio disc jockeys were playing the song , so Gordy had it released as a single in October , and it went to number one in December . In 1968 , Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers recorded a version for their debut album based on Gladys ' recent hit ; however , after hearing the Marvin Gaye version , they felt they 'd made the wrong choice . In 1969 , Whitfield produced a version for the Temptations `` psychedelic soul '' album , Cloud Nine , in which he `` brought compelling percussion to the fore , and relegated the piano well into the wings '' . In 1971 , the Undisputed Truth recorded the song in a Marvin - styled version as did Bettye Lavette on her 1982 Motown album , Tell Me a Lie . Marvin Gaye ( edit ) `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' Marvin Gaye 's version of the song Problems playing this file ? See media help . Whitfield recorded the song with Marvin Gaye over five sessions , the first on February 3 , 1967 , and the last on April 10 , 1967 . Recordings of this version took more than a month due to Whitfield overdubbing Gaye 's vocals with that of the Andantes ' background vocals , mixing in several tracks featuring the Funk Brothers on the rhythm track , and adding the string section from the Detroit Symphony Orchestra with an arrangement by Paul Riser . The session featuring Gaye led to an argument between the producer and singer . Whitfield wanted Gaye to perform the song in a higher key than his normal range , a move that had worked on David Ruffin during the recording of the Temptations ' hit , `` Ai n't Too Proud to Beg '' . The mixture of Gaye 's raspy vocals and the Andantes ' sweeter harmonies made Whitfield confident that he had a hit ; however , despite approval from Motown 's Quality Control Department , Gordy blocked the release . Gladys Knight & the Pips ( edit ) `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' Gladys Knight and the Pips 1967 version of the song Problems playing this file ? See media help . Gladys Knight & the Pips recorded `` Grapevine '' on June 17 , 1967 in Motown 's Studio A , with Norman Whitfield as producer . After hearing Aretha Franklin 's version of `` Respect '' , Whitfield rearranged `` Grapevine '' to include some of the funk elements of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section . According to David Ritz , Whitfield set to record a song that would `` out - funk '' Aretha . After Whitfield presented the demo tapes , Gladys Knight , Bubba Knight , William Guest , and Edward Patten worked for several weeks on their vocal arrangement . To make the song suitable for Gladys , the first line of the second verse ( `` I know a man ai n't supposed to cry / But these tears I ca n't hold inside '' ) was altered to ( `` Take a good look at these tears in my eyes / Baby , these tears I ca n't hold inside '' ) . After much talk , Gordy reluctantly allowed the Pips ' version to be a single on September 28 , 1967 on Motown 's Soul label . Releases ( edit ) The Gladys Knight & the Pips version released on September 28 , 1967 was on Motown 's Soul label , with `` It 's Time to Go Now '' on the B - side . Motown put little support behind it and the Pips relied on connections with DJs across the United States to get the record played . The Pips ' version of `` Grapevine '' reached number one on the Billboard R&B chart on November 25 , 1967 , and stayed there for six weeks , making it the group 's second R&B number one after 1961 's `` Every Beat of My Heart '' . It reached two on the Billboard Pop Singles chart the same month , with the Monkees ' `` Daydream Believer '' holding top spot . It was Motown 's best - selling single to that point . The song was later placed on the Gladys Knight & the Pips album Everybody Needs Love . Whitfield wanted Gordy to release Gaye 's `` Grapevine '' as a single , but Gordy did n't want to release another version after the Pips had already made a hit out of it . In September 1968 , Whitfield added `` Grapevine '' to Gaye 's new album In the Groove . On release `` Grapevine '' became a radio hit and , according to Gordy himself , `` The DJs played it so much off the album that we had to release it as a single '' . So Gaye 's version was released as a single on October 30 , 1968 . Gaye 's `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' eventually outsold the Pips ' , and until The Jackson 5 's `` I 'll Be There '' 20 months later , was the biggest hit single of all time on the Motown label . It stayed at the top of the Billboard Pop Singles chart for seven weeks , from December 14 , 1968 to January 25 , 1969 . Gaye 's `` Grapevine '' also held number one on the R&B chart during the same seven weeks , and stayed at number one in the United Kingdom for three weeks starting on March 26 , 1969 . The label was pleased with the success , although Gaye , depressed because of issues such as the illness of singing partner Tammi Terrell ( which would kill her less than a year later ) , was quoted as saying that his success `` did n't seem real '' and that he `` did n't deserve it '' . Due to the song 's success , In the Groove was re-issued as I Heard It Through the Grapevine and peaked at number two on the R&B album chart and number sixty - three on the album chart , which was at the time Marvin 's highest - charted solo studio effort to date . Because of the success of both versions , `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' was the first and last number one on the Billboard R&B chart in 1968 : the Pips version was the first week of January , the Gaye version the last week of December . Gladys Knight was not pleased that Gaye 's version usurped her own , and claimed that Gaye 's version was recorded over an instrumental track Whitfield had prepared for a Pips song , an allegation Gaye denied . In 1985 , one year following Gaye 's death , the song was re-released in the UK reaching number eight thanks to a Levi 's commercial ( starring Nick Kamen ) . Legacy ( edit ) The Gaye recording has become an acclaimed soul classic . In 2004 , it was placed at number 80 on Rolling Stone 's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time , with the comment that Whitfield had produced the song with a number of artists using different arrangements , and that on the Marvin Gaye recording he had a `` golden idea '' when he set the song `` in a slower , more mysterious tempo '' . In a new Rolling Stone list published in 2011 , the single was placed slightly lower at number 81 . On the commemorative fiftieth anniversary of the Billboard Hot 100 issue of Billboard magazine in June 2008 , the Marvin Gaye version was ranked as the sixty - fifth biggest song on the chart . It was also inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame for `` historical , artistic and significant '' value . Covers ( edit ) In addition to being recorded several times by Motown artists , the song has been covered by musicians including Creedence Clearwater Revival who recorded an 11 - minute version for their 1970 album , Cosmo 's Factory , that was released as a single , reaching 43 on Billboard 's chart , with more modest success in other countries , and funk musician Roger Troutman whose extended version ( nearly 11 minutes itself ) lifted off his 1981 solo album , The Many Facets of Roger , brought the song back to number one on the R&B chart in early 1982 marking the third time the single reached the top spot on that chart . It also made the Billboard Hot 100 , peaking at number 79 . Queen Latifah used the music as a basis for her 1998 single `` Paper '' , produced by Pras Michel for her album Order in the Court . Media ( edit ) `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' has been used twice in television commercials -- each time using session musicians recreating the style of the Marvin Gaye version . For the 1985 Levi 's 501 commercial , `` Launderette '' , featuring male model Nick Kamen , agency BBH and director Roger Lyons , owing to budgetary constraints , brought in Karl Jenkins and Mike Ratledge to recreate the sound of the Marvin Gaye original with Tony Jackson , a Barbadian background singer for Paul Young , handling vocals and P.P. Arnold on backing vocals . The commercial 's success prompted Tamla - Motown to re-release Gaye 's single with the Levi 's 501 logo on the sleeve -- `` an example of integrated marketing almost before the term was invented '' . The record went to number eight on the UK Singles chart , marking its second chart performance . A year later , in 1986 , Buddy Miles was the singer for the clay animation group The California Raisins which sang it as part a TV advertising campaign . Marvin Gaye 's version of the song is used in the opening credits of The Big Chill ( 1983 ) as each of the main characters gets to hear ( through the `` grapevine '' ) about the death of their college friend , and then travels to his funeral ; the song serves in an extradiegetic fashion to both unite the main characters ' friendship and to locate it nostalgically for the viewer . Personnel ( edit ) Lead vocals by Marvin Gaye Background vocals by The Andantes : Jackie Hicks , Marlene Barrow and Louvain Demps Hammond organ by Earl Van Dyke Wurlitzer electric piano by Johnny Griffith Drums by Richard `` Pistol '' Allen and Uriel Jones Bass guitar by James Jamerson Percussion by Jack Ashford Guitar by Joe Messina Instrumentation by the Funk Brothers and the Detroit Symphony Orchestra String arrangement by Paul Riser Chart performance ( edit ) Weekly charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1968 -- 69 ) Peak position Australia ( Go - Set Top 40 ) 40 Canadian RPM Top Singles 8 France ( SNEP ) 88 Ireland ( IRMA ) 7 Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) 25 South African Chart UK ( Official Charts Company ) US Billboard Hot 100 US Billboard Hot R&B Singles US Cash Box Top 100 Reissue version ( edit ) Chart ( 1986 ) Peak position Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) 18 Germany ( Official German Charts ) 48 Irish Singles Chart Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) 18 Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) 23 UK ( Official Charts Company ) 8 Year - end charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1969 ) Rank Canada 28 US Billboard Hot 100 88 US R&B ( Billboard ) 40 US Cash Box References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Andy Bennett ( Dec 14 , 2005 ) . The Popular Music Studies Reader . Routledge . p. 328 . Retrieved September 17 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Bill Dahl ( February 28 , 2011 ) . Motown : The Golden Years . Krause Publications . p. 77 . Retrieved September 15 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Allan Metcalf , David K. Barnhart ( 1999 ) . America in So Many Words : Words That Have Shaped America . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt . p. 147 . Retrieved September 18 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Peter Shapiro ( 2006 ) . Turn the Beat Around : The Secret History of Disco . Macmillan . pp. 122 -- 124 . Retrieved September 18 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : David N. Howard ( June 11 , 2004 ) . Sonic Alchemy : Visionary Music Producers and Their Maverick Recordings . Hal Leonard Corporation . p. 160 . Retrieved September 16 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Songwriters Hall of Fame -- Barrett Strong Biography '' . Songwritershalloffame.org . Retrieved September 17 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Ralph McLean ( April 2003 ) . `` BBC Music : Stories Behind the Song : `` I Heard it Through the Grapevine '' `` . BBC.co.uk . Retrieved September 15 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Motown : The History , page 56 , Sharon Davis , Gullane , 1988 Jump up ^ Joel Francis ( September 9 , 2009 ) . `` Gladys Knight and the Pips -- ' I Heard It Through the Grapevine ' '' . The Daily Record . Archived from the original on February 1 , 2010 . Retrieved February 1 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : John Covach , Mark Spicer ( June 22 , 2010 ) . Sounding Out Pop : Analytical Essays in Popular Music . University of Michigan Press . p. 92 . Retrieved September 16 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Bill Dahl ( Feb 28 , 2011 ) . Motown : The Golden Years . Krause Publications . p. 318 . Retrieved September 15 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Amy Hanson ( 2012 ) . `` Cloud Nine -- The Temptations '' . allmusic.com . Retrieved September 18 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Bettye Lavette -- Tell Me A Lie '' . Discogs . Retrieved 9 Dec 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marvin Gaye Session Dates '' . Soulfuldetroit.com. 2010 . Retrieved September 18 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Gerald Posner ( 2002 ) . Motown : Music , Money , Sex , and Power . Random House . pp. 224 -- 225 . access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 -- 2004 . Record Research . p. 330 . Jump up ^ Berry Gordy ( 1 Dec 1995 ) . To Be Loved : The Music , the Magic , the Memories of Motown . Grand Central Pub . p. 275 . Retrieved September 24 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Show 50 - The Soul Reformation : Phase three , soul music at the summit . ( Part 6 ) : UNT Digital Library '' . digital.library.unt.edu . Retrieved September 25 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 -- 2004 . Record Research . p. 225 . Jump up ^ Marvin Gaye ( 1976 ) . `` 1976 interview with Marvin Gaye '' . BBC Radio 2 ( Interview ) . Interview with Paul Gambaccini . Retrieved September 24 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Mark Robinson ( March 1 , 2001 ) . The Sunday Times 100 Greatest TV Ads . HarperCollins . pp. 119 -- 121 . Retrieved September 16 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . Rolling Stone . December 9 , 2004 . Archived from the original on June 22 , 2008 . Retrieved September 23 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . Rolling Stone . December 9 , 2004 . Archived from the original on June 21 , 2008 . Retrieved September 23 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` 500 Greatest Songs Of All Time : Marvin Gaye , ' I Heard It Through the Grapevine ' '' . RollingStone.com . Retrieved July 5 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard 's Greatest Songs of All Time '' . Billboard . Retrieved February 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Artists Are Color Blind When Looking At Copyrights '' . Billboard : 40 . Jan 29 , 1972 . Retrieved September 24 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Creedence Clearwater Revival awards on Allmusic '' . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Nick Talevski ( 1 August 2006 ) . Knocking on Heaven 's Door : Rock Obituaries . Omnibus Press . p. 659 . Retrieved September 23 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 -- 2004 . Record Research . p. 499 . Jump up ^ Lynn Norment ( September 1988 ) . `` Sounding Off -- Review of Order in the Court '' . Ebony : 22 . Retrieved September 16 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Emma Hall ( 22 November 2002 ) . `` Campaign Screen : Music and Sound Design - Production . Top of the Pops '' . Campaign . Jump up ^ Sam Ingleby ( 17 May 2004 ) . `` Karl Jenkins : Fanfare for the Common Man '' . The Independent . Jump up ^ Ron Roker ( 2009 ) . `` Ron Roker - Latest Releases '' . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Janet Bohdanowicz , Liz Clamp ( 1994 ) . Fashion Marketing . Routledge . p. 73 . Retrieved September 16 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Caroline Marshall ( 20 December 1999 ) . `` Campaign Hall of Fame '' . Campaign . Jump up ^ `` Marvin Gaye - I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Kristina Tunzi ( March 15 , 2008 ) . `` Buddy Miles , 60 '' . Billboard : 60 . Retrieved September 17 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Ian Inglis ( 2003 ) . Popular Music and Film . Wallflower Press . p. 168 . Retrieved September 17 , 2012 . Jump up ^ María del Mar Azcona ( July 11 , 2011 ) . The Multi-Protagonist Film . John Wiley & Sons . p. 168 . Retrieved September 17 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Andrew Ford ( 2011 ) . The Sound of Pictures . Schwartz Publishing . p. 115 . Retrieved September 18 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Uriel Jones Obituary '' . telegraph.co.uk. 29 March 2009 . Jump up ^ `` I heard it through the grapevine in Australian Chart '' . Poparchives.com.au . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` I heard it through the grapevine in Canadian Top Singles Chart '' . Library and Archives Canada . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` I heard it through the grapevine in French Chart '' ( in French ) . Dominic DURAND / InfoDisc . July 17 , 2013 . Archived from the original on July 3 , 2013 . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . You have to use the index at the top of the page and search `` Marvin Gaye '' ^ Jump up to : `` I heard it through the grapevine in Irish Chart '' . IRMA . Archived from the original on June 3 , 2009 . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . Only results when searching `` I heard it through the grapevine '' ^ Jump up to : `` Nederlandse Top 40 -- Marvin Gaye '' ( in Dutch ) . Dutch Top 40 . Jump up ^ John Samson . `` I heard it through the grapevine in South African Chart '' . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Marvin Gaye '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Marvin Gaye awards on Allmusic '' . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved July 17 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cash Box Top 100 1 / 18 / 69 '' . Jump up ^ `` Ultratop.be -- Marvin Gaye -- I Heard It Through The Grapevine '' ( in Dutch ) . Ultratop 50 . Jump up ^ `` Offiziellecharts.de -- Marvin Gaye -- I Heard It Through The Grapevine '' . GfK Entertainment Charts . Jump up ^ `` Dutchcharts.nl -- Marvin Gaye -- I Heard It Through The Grapevine '' ( in Dutch ) . Single Top 100 . Jump up ^ `` Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada '' . Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits of 1969 / Top 100 Songs of 1969 '' . Jump up ^ Top Records on 1969 ( Based on Billboard Charts ) `` , Billboard , December 27 , 1969 . pp. 16 - 17 . Accessed December 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1969 '' . Bibliography John Covach , Mark Spicer , Sounding Out Pop : Analytical Essays in Popular Music , 2010 , University of Michigan Press Bill Dahl , Motown : The Golden Years , 2011 , Krause Publications David N. Howard , Sonic Alchemy : Visionary Music Producers and Their Maverick Recordings , 2004 , Hal Leonard Corporation Gerald Posner , Motown : Music , Money , Sex , and Power , 2002 , New York : Random House , ISBN 0 - 375 - 50062 - 6 External links ( edit ) Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics The Miracles Smokey Robinson Ronnie White Pete Moore Bobby Rogers Claudette Robinson Marv Tarplin Billy Griffin Donald Griffin Carl Cotton Mark Scott Dave Finley Sydney Justin Alphonse Franklin Tee Turner Pre-Miracles : Emerson `` Sonny '' Rogers James Grice Clarence Dawson Production Berry Gordy Smokey Robinson Pete Moore Studio albums Hi ... We 're The Miracles ( 1961 ) Cookin ' with The Miracles ( 1961 ) I 'll Try Something New ( 1962 ) The Fabulous Miracles ( 1963 ) The Miracles Doin ' Mickey 's Monkey ( 1963 ) I Like It Like That ( 1964 ) Going to a Go - Go ( 1965 ) Away We a Go - Go ( 1966 ) Make It Happen ( The Tears of a Clown ) ( 1967 ) Special Occasion ( 1968 ) Time Out For Smokey Robinson & the Miracles ( 1969 ) Four in Blue ( 1969 ) What Love Has Joined Together ( 1970 ) A Pocket Full Of Miracles ( 1970 ) One Dozen Roses ( 1971 ) Flying High Together ( 1972 ) Renaissance ( 1973 ) Do It Baby ( 1974 ) City of Angels ( 1975 ) Live albums The Miracles Recorded Live on Stage ( 1963 ) Smokey Robinson & The Miracles LIVE ! ( 1969 ) Smokey Robinson & The Miracles : 1957 - 1972 ( 1972 ) Other albums Christmas with The Miracles ( 1963 ) Compilations Greatest Hits : From the Beginning ( 1965 ) Greatest Hits , Vol. 2 ( 1968 ) Anthology ( 1974 ) Anthology ' 86 ( 1986 ) Anthology : The Best of Smokey Robinson & The Miracles ( 1995 ) The Ultimate Collection ( 1998 ) Ooo Baby Baby : The Anthology ( 2002 ) Depend On Me : The Early Albums ( 2009 ) Singles ( US / UK Top Twenty singles ) `` Shop Around '' `` You 've Really Got a Hold on Me '' / `` Happy Landing '' `` Mickey 's Monkey '' `` Ooo Baby Baby '' `` The Tracks of My Tears '' `` My Girl Has Gone '' `` Going to a Go - Go '' `` ( Come ' Round Here ) I 'm the One You Need '' `` The Love I Saw in You Was Just a Mirage '' `` I Second That Emotion '' `` If You Can Want '' `` Baby , Baby Do n't Cry '' `` The Tears of a Clown '' `` I Do n't Blame You At All '' `` Do It Baby '' `` Love Machine '' Videography The Definitive Performances ( 1963 -- 1987 ) ( 2006 ) Discography Albums Songs Related articles Motown Records List of cover versions of The Miracles songs Book : The Miracles The Miracles singles discography 1950s `` Got a Job '' ( 1958 ) `` Your Love ( Is All I Need ) '' ( 1958 ) `` I Cry '' ( 1958 ) `` I Need a Change '' ( 1959 ) `` It '' ( 1959 ) `` Bad Girl '' ( 1959 ) `` The Feeling Is So Fine '' ( 1959 ) / `` ( You Can ) Depend on Me '' ( 1959 ) 1960s `` Way Over There '' ( 1960 ) `` Shop Around '' ( 1960 ) / `` Who 's Lovin ' You '' ( 1960 ) `` Ai n't It Baby '' ( 1961 ) `` Mighty Good Lovin ' '' ( 1961 ) / Broken Hearted '' ( 1961 ) `` Everybody 's Gotta Pay Some Dues '' ( 1961 ) `` What 's So Good About Goodbye '' ( 1961 ) / `` I 've Been Good to You '' ( 1961 ) `` I 'll Try Something New '' ( 1962 ) `` You 've Really Got a Hold on Me '' ( 1962 ) / `` Happy Landing '' ( 1962 ) `` A Love She Can Count On '' ( 1963 ) / `` I Can Take a Hint '' ( 1963 ) `` Mickey 's Monkey '' ( 1963 ) `` I Gotta Dance to Keep From Crying '' ( 1963 ) `` The Christmas Song '' ( 1963 ) `` ( You Ca n't Let the Boy Overpower ) The Man in You '' ( 1964 ) `` I Like It Like That '' ( 1964 ) `` That 's What Love Is Made Of '' ( 1964 ) `` Come On Do The Jerk '' ( 1964 ) `` Ooo Baby Baby '' ( 1965 ) `` The Tracks of My Tears '' ( 1965 ) / `` A Fork in the Road '' ( 1965 ) `` My Girl Has Gone '' ( 1965 ) `` Going to a Go - Go '' ( 1965 ) / `` Choosey Beggar '' ( 1965 ) `` Whole Lot of Shakin ' in My Heart ( Since I Met You ) '' ( 1966 ) `` ( Come ' Round Here ) I 'm the One You Need '' ( 1966 ) `` The Love I Saw in You Was Just a Mirage '' ( 1967 ) `` More Love '' ( 1967 ) `` I Second That Emotion '' ( 1967 ) `` If You Can Want '' ( 1968 ) `` Yester Love '' ( 1968 ) `` Special Occasion '' ( 1968 ) `` Baby , Baby Do n't Cry '' ( 1969 ) `` Here I Go Again '' ( 1969 ) / `` Doggone Right '' ( 1969 ) `` Abraham , Martin and John '' ( 1969 ) `` Point It Out '' ( 1969 ) / `` Darling Dear '' ( 1969 ) 1970s `` Who 's Gonna Take the Blame '' ( 1970 ) `` The Tears of a Clown '' ( 1970 ) `` I Do n't Blame You At All '' ( 1970 ) `` Crazy About the La La '' ( 1971 ) `` Satisfaction '' ( 1971 ) `` We 've Come Too Far to End It Now '' ( 1972 ) `` I Ca n't Stand to See You Cry '' ( 1972 ) `` Do n't Let It End ( ' Til You Let It Begin ) '' ( 1973 ) `` Give Me Just Another Day '' ( 1973 ) `` Do It Baby '' ( 1974 ) `` Do n't Cha Love It '' ( 1974 ) `` Gemini '' ( 1975 ) `` Love Machine '' ( 1975 ) `` Night Life '' ( 1976 ) `` Spy for Brotherhood '' ( 1977 ) `` I Can Touch the Sky '' ( 1977 ) `` Mean Machine '' ( 1978 ) Book : The Miracles Marvin Gaye Studio albums The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye ( 1961 ) That Stubborn Kinda Fellow ( 1962 ) When I 'm Alone I Cry ( 1964 ) Hello Broadway ( 1964 ) How Sweet It Is to Be Loved by You ( 1965 ) A Tribute to the Great Nat `` King '' Cole ( 1965 ) Moods of Marvin Gaye ( 1966 ) In the Groove / I Heard It Through the Grapevine ! ( 1968 ) M.P.G. ( 1969 ) That 's the Way Love Is ( 1970 ) What 's Going On ( 1971 ) Trouble Man ( 1972 ) Let 's Get It On ( 1973 ) I Want You ( 1976 ) Here , My Dear ( 1978 ) In Our Lifetime ( 1981 ) Midnight Love ( 1982 ) Posthumous albums Dream of a Lifetime ( 1985 ) Romantically Yours ( 1986 ) Vulnerable ( 1997 ) Duet albums Together ( with Mary Wells , 1964 ) Take Two ( with Kim Weston , 1966 ) United ( with Tammi Terrell , 1967 ) You 're All I Need ( with Tammi Terrell , 1968 ) Easy ( with Tammi Terrell , 1969 ) Diana & Marvin ( with Diana Ross , 1973 ) Compilations Greatest Hits ( 1964 ) Greatest Hits , Vol. 2 ( 1967 ) Marvin Gaye and His Girls ( 1969 ) Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell 's Greatest Hits ( 1970 ) Super Hits ( 1970 ) Anthology ( 1974 ) Marvin Gaye 's Greatest Hits ( 1976 ) Motown Remembers Marvin Gaye : Never Before Released Masters ( 1986 ) The Marvin Gaye Collection ( 1990 ) The Norman Whitfield Sessions ( 1994 ) Love Starved Heart : Rare and Unreleased ( 1994 ) The Very Best of Marvin Gaye ( 1994 ) The Master ( 1961 -- 1984 ) ( 1995 ) Marvin Gaye : The Love Songs ( 2000 ) The Complete Duets ( 2001 ) The Very Best of Marvin Gaye ( 2001 ) Live albums Marvin Gaye Recorded Live on Stage ( 1963 ) Marvin Gaye Live ! ( 1974 ) Live at the London Palladium ( 1977 ) Marvin Gaye at the Copa ( 2005 ) Video albums Greatest Hits Live ( Live in Holland 1976 ) ( 2000 ) Live In Montreux 1980 ( 2003 ) The Real Thing : In Performance ( 1964 -- 1981 ) ( 2006 ) Live In Belgium 1981 ( 2006 ) US / UK Top Ten singles `` Pride and Joy '' `` How Sweet It Is ( To Be Loved by You ) '' `` I 'll Be Doggone '' `` Ai n't That Peculiar '' `` Your Precious Love '' `` If I Could Build My Whole World Around You '' `` Ai n't Nothing Like the Real Thing '' `` You 're All I Need to Get By '' `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' `` Too Busy Thinking About My Baby '' `` That 's the Way Love Is '' `` Abraham , Martin and John '' `` The Onion Song '' `` What 's Going On '' `` Mercy Mercy Me ( The Ecology ) '' `` Inner City Blues ( Make Me Wanna Holler ) '' `` Trouble Man '' `` Let 's Get It On '' `` You Are Everything '' `` Got to Give It Up '' `` Sexual Healing '' Family Marvin Gay Sr. ( father ) Alberta Gay ( mother ) Anna Gordy Gaye ( first wife ) Denise Gordy ( son 's birth mother ) Nona Gaye ( daughter ) Frankie Gaye ( brother ) Gordon Banks ( brother - in - law ) Related topics Discography Songs Albums Songs by Marvin Gaye Albums produced by Marvin Gaye Songs in memory Songs produced by Marvin Gaye Personal life Death Tributes The Marquees Harvey Fuqua Tammi Terrell Leon Ware Marvin 's Room Marvin Is 60 : A Tribute Album Book Category Portal Marvin Gaye singles discography 1960s : ( Tamla ) 1961 `` Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide '' 1962 `` Sandman '' `` Soldier 's Plea '' `` Stubborn Kind of Fellow '' `` Hitch Hike '' 1963 `` Pride and Joy '' `` Can I Get a Witness '' 1964 `` You 're a Wonderful One '' `` Once Upon a Time '' `` What 's the Matter with You Baby '' `` Try It Baby '' `` Baby Do n't You Do It '' `` What Good Am I Without You '' `` How Sweet It Is ( To Be Loved by You ) '' 1965 `` I 'll Be Doggone '' `` Pretty Little Baby '' `` Ai n't That Peculiar '' 1966 `` One More Heartache '' `` Take This Heart of Mine '' `` Little Darling ( I Need You ) '' `` It Takes Two '' 1967 `` Ai n't No Mountain High Enough '' `` Your Unchanging Love '' `` Your Precious Love '' `` You '' `` If I Could Build My Whole World Around You '' / `` If This World Were Mine '' 1968 `` Ai n't Nothing Like the Real Thing '' `` You 're All I Need to Get By '' `` Chained '' `` Keep On Lovin ' Me Honey '' `` You Ai n't Livin ' till You 're Lovin ' '' `` His Eye Is on the Sparrow '' `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' 1969 `` Good Lovin ' Ai n't Easy to Come By '' `` Too Busy Thinking About My Baby '' `` That 's the Way Love Is '' `` Abraham , Martin and John '' `` What You Gave Me '' `` How Can I Forget '' 1970s : ( Tamla ) 1970 `` Gonna Give Her All the Love I 've Got '' `` The Onion Song '' `` California Soul '' `` The End of Our Road '' 1971 `` What 's Going On '' `` Mercy Mercy Me ( The Ecology ) '' `` Inner City Blues ( Make Me Wanna Holler ) '' `` Save the Children '' 1972 `` You 're the Man '' `` Trouble Man '' `` I Want to Come Home for Christmas '' 1973 `` Let 's Get It On '' `` You 're a Special Part of Me '' `` Stop , Look , Listen ( To Your Heart ) '' `` Come Get to This '' `` You Sure Love to Ball '' `` My Mistake ( Was to Love You ) '' `` Do n't Knock My Love '' `` You Are Everything '' `` Distant Lover '' 1976 `` I Want You '' `` After the Dance '' `` Since I Had You '' 1977 `` Got to Give It Up '' 1978 `` Pops , We Love You ( A Tribute to Father ) '' 1979 `` A Funky Space Reincarnation '' `` Anger '' `` Ego Tripping Out '' 1980s : ( Tamla / Columbia ) 1981 `` Praise '' `` Heavy Love Affair '' 1982 `` Sexual Healing '' `` My Love Is Waiting '' `` ' Til Tomorrow '' `` Joy '' Posthumous 1985 `` Sanctified Lady '' `` It 's Madness '' `` Just Like '' 1986 `` The World Is Rated X '' 1991 `` My Last Chance '' `` Lucky , Lucky Me '' 1995 `` This Love Starved Heart Of Mine ( It 's Killing Me ) '' `` Music '' 2005 `` Let 's Get It On ( The M.P.G. Groove Remix ) '' 2015 `` Where Are We Going '' Book Category Portal Gladys Knight & the Pips Gladys Knight Merald `` Bubba '' Knight William Guest Edward Patten Brenda Knight Eleanor Guest Langston George Chris Morante Studio albums Everybody Needs Love Neither One of Us Imagination I Feel a Song 2nd Anniversary The One and Only Soundtrack albums Claudine Compilation albums The Ultimate Collection Singles `` Every Beat of My Heart '' `` Giving Up '' `` Take Me in Your Arms and Love Me '' `` Everybody Needs Love '' `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' `` The End of Our Road '' `` It Should Have Been Me '' `` I Wish It Would Rain '' `` The Nitty Gritty '' `` If I Were Your Woman '' `` Help Me Make It Through the Night '' `` Neither One of Us ( Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye ) '' `` The Look of Love '' `` Midnight Train to Georgia '' `` I 've Got to Use My Imagination '' `` Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me '' `` I Feel a Song ( In My Heart ) '' `` The Way We Were / Try to Remember '' `` Save the Overtime ( For Me ) '' `` Hero '' `` Love Overboard '' `` Baby , Do n't Change Your Mind '' Related topics Discography Aaliyah Barry Hankerson Book Creedence Clearwater Revival Doug Clifford Stu Cook John Fogerty Tom Fogerty Studio albums Creedence Clearwater Revival Bayou Country Green River Willy and the Poor Boys Cosmo 's Factory Pendulum Mardi Gras Live albums Live in Europe The Concert Compilations Creedence Gold More Creedence Gold Pre-Creedence Chronicle , Vol. 1 The Best of Creedence Clearwater Revival 20 Golden Greats Creedence Country Hits Album At the Movies Chronicle , Vol. 2 Rollin ' on the River Heartland Music Presents Creedence Clearwater Revival Keep On Chooglin ' Creedence Clearwater Revival : Box Set Bad Moon Rising : The Best of Creedence Clearwater Revival Platinum Creedence Clearwater Revival Covers the Classics Singles `` Porterville '' / `` Call It Pretending '' `` Suzie Q. ( Part 1 ) '' / `` Suzie Q. ( Part 2 ) '' `` I Put a Spell on You '' / `` Walk on the Water '' `` Proud Mary '' / `` Born on the Bayou '' `` Bad Moon Rising '' / `` Lodi '' `` Green River '' / `` Commotion '' `` Down on the Corner '' / `` Fortunate Son '' `` Travelin ' Band '' / `` Who 'll Stop the Rain '' `` Run Through the Jungle '' / `` Up Around the Bend '' `` Lookin ' Out My Back Door '' / `` Long As I Can See the Light '' `` Have You Ever Seen the Rain ? '' / `` Hey Tonight '' `` Sweet Hitch - Hiker '' / `` Door to Door '' `` Someday Never Comes '' / `` Tearin ' up the Country '' `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' / `` Good Golly Miss Molly '' Related articles Discography Song list The Blue Velvets The Golliwogs Creedence Clearwater Revisited Fogerty v. Fantasy , Inc . Saul Zaentz Fantasy Records Book : Creedence Clearwater Revival The California Raisins TV specials and series A Claymation Christmas Celebration Meet the Raisins ! The California Raisin Show See also California Raisin Advisory Board The Grape Escape Michael McDonald Studio albums If That 's What It Takes ( 1982 ) No Lookin ' Back ( 1985 ) Take It to Heart ( 1990 ) Blink of an Eye ( 1993 ) Blue Obsession ( 2000 ) Motown ( 2003 ) Motown Two ( 2004 ) Soul Speak ( 2008 ) Wide Open ( 2017 ) Compilation albums Sweet Freedom ( 1986 ) Singles `` I Keep Forgettin ' ( Every Time You 're Near ) '' `` No Lookin ' Back '' `` Sweet Freedom '' `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' `` Ai n't No Mountain High Enough '' `` Reach Out , I 'll Be There '' `` Baby I Need Your Lovin ' '' `` Stop , Look , Listen ( To Your Heart ) '' `` Deck the Halls / Jingle Bells '' `` Walk On By '' `` ( Your Love Keeps Lifting Me ) Higher and Higher '' `` Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas ! '' Record labels Warner Bros . Reprise Universal Music Group Motown Related articles Discography The Doobie Brothers Toto Amy Holland Chart procession and succession Preceded by `` Soul Man '' by Sam & Dave Billboard Hot R&B Singles number - one single ( Gladys Knight & the Pips version ) December 2 , 1967 -- January 6 , 1968 Succeeded by `` I Second That Emotion '' by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles Preceded by `` Love Child '' by Diana Ross & the Supremes Billboard Hot 100 number - one single ( Marvin Gaye version ) December 14 , 1968 -- January 31 , 1969 Succeeded by `` Crimson and Clover '' by Tommy James & the Shondells Preceded by `` Who 's Making Love '' by Johnnie Taylor Billboard Hot R&B Singles number - one single ( Marvin Gaye version ) December 14 , 1968 -- January 25 , 1969 Succeeded by `` Can I Change My Mind '' by Tyrone Davis Preceded by `` Where Do You Go To ( My Lovely ) ? '' by Peter Sarstedt UK number - one single ( Marvin Gaye version ) March 26 , 1969 Succeeded by `` Israelites '' by Desmond Dekker & The Aces Preceded by `` Never Too Much '' by Luther Vandross Billboard Hot Soul Singles number - one single ( Roger version ) November 7 -- 14 , 1981 Succeeded by `` Take My Heart ( You Can Have It If You Want It ) '' by Kool & the Gang Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Heard_It_Through_the_Grapevine&oldid=836701445 '' Categories : 1967 singles 1968 singles 1981 singles Marvin Gaye songs Gladys Knight & the Pips songs Creedence Clearwater Revival songs The Miracles songs Trini Lopez songs Michael McDonald ( singer ) songs Billboard Hot 100 number - one singles Billboard Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs number - one singles UK Singles Chart number - one singles Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients Songs written by Barrett Strong Songs written by Norman Whitfield Motown singles Tamla Records singles Fantasy Records singles Song recordings produced by Norman Whitfield 1966 songs Songs about infidelity Hidden categories : Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) Good articles Use mdy dates from July 2011 Articles with hAudio microformats Singlechart usages for Dutch40 Singlechart usages for Flanders Singlechart usages for Germany2 Singlechart usages for Dutch100 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Brezhoneg Deutsch Français Italiano 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Русский Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 16 April 2018 , at 10 : 39 . 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Question: who sang heard it thru the grapevine first


Rutherford model - wikipedia Rutherford model Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Basic diagram of the atomic nuclear model : electrons in green and nucleus in red Play media 3D animation of an atom incorporating the Rutherford model The Rutherford model is a model of the atom devised by Ernest Rutherford . Rutherford directed the famous Geiger -- Marsden experiment in 1909 which suggested , upon Rutherford 's 1911 analysis , that J.J. Thomson 's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect . Rutherford 's new model for the atom , based on the experimental results , contained the new features of a relatively high central charge concentrated into a very small volume in comparison to the rest of the atom and with this central volume also containing the bulk of the atomic mass of the atom . This region would be known as the `` nucleus '' of the atom . Contents ( hide ) 1 Experimental basis for the model 2 Contribution to modern science 3 Symbolism 4 References 5 External links Experimental basis for the model ( edit ) Rutherford overturned Thomson 's model in 1911 with his well - known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus . Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure . If Thomson was correct , the beam would go straight through the gold foil or not go through at all . Most of the beams went through the foil , but a few were reflected . Rutherford presented his own physical model for subatomic structure , as an interpretation for the unexpected experimental results . In it , the atom is made up of a central charge ( this is the modern atomic nucleus , though Rutherford did not use the term `` nucleus '' in his paper ) surrounded by a cloud of ( presumably ) orbiting electrons . In this May 1911 paper , Rutherford only committed himself to a small central region of very high positive or negative charge in the atom . For concreteness , consider the passage of a high speed α particle through an atom having a positive central charge N e , and surrounded by a compensating charge of N electrons . From purely energetic considerations of how far particles of known speed would be able to penetrate toward a central charge of 100 e , Rutherford was able to calculate that the radius of his gold central charge would need to be less ( how much less could not be told ) than 3.4 × 10 meters . This was in a gold atom known to be 10 meters or so in radius -- a very surprising finding , as it implied a strong central charge less than 1 / 3000th of the diameter of the atom . The Rutherford model served to concentrate a great deal of the atom 's charge and mass to a very small core , but did n't attribute any structure to the remaining electrons and remaining atomic mass . It did mention the atomic model of Hantaro Nagaoka , in which the electrons are arranged in one or more rings , with the specific metaphorical structure of the stable rings of Saturn . The plum pudding model of J.J. Thomson also had rings of orbiting electrons . Jean Baptiste Perrin claimed in his Nobel lecture that he was the first one to suggest the model in his paper dated 1901 . The Rutherford paper suggested that the central charge of an atom might be `` proportional '' to its atomic mass in hydrogen mass units u ( roughly 1 / 2 of it , in Rutherford 's model ) . For gold , this mass number is 197 ( not then known to great accuracy ) and was therefore modeled by Rutherford to be possibly 196 u . However , Rutherford did not attempt to make the direct connection of central charge to atomic number , since gold 's `` atomic number '' ( at that time merely its place number in the periodic table ) was 79 , and Rutherford had modeled the charge to be about + 100 units ( he had actually suggested 98 units of positive charge , to make half of 196 ) . Thus , Rutherford did not formally suggest the two numbers ( periodic table place , 79 , and nuclear charge , 98 or 100 ) might be exactly the same . A month after Rutherford 's paper appeared , the proposal regarding the exact identity of atomic number and nuclear charge was made by Antonius van den Broek , and later confirmed experimentally within two years , by Henry Moseley . These are the key indicators - The atom 's electron cloud does not influence alpha particle scattering . Much of an atom 's positive charge is concentrated in a relatively tiny volume at the center of the atom , known today as the nucleus . The magnitude of this charge is proportional to ( up to a charge number that can be approximately half of ) the atom 's atomic mass -- the remaining mass is now known to be mostly attributed to neutrons . This concentrated central mass and charge is responsible for deflecting both alpha and beta particles . The mass of heavy atoms such as gold is mostly concentrated in the central charge region , since calculations show it is not deflected or moved by the high speed alpha particles , which have very high momentum in comparison to electrons , but not with regard to a heavy atom as a whole . The atom itself is about 100,000 ( 10 ) times the diameter of the nucleus . This could be related to putting a grain of sand in the middle of a football field . Contribution to modern science ( edit ) After Rutherford 's discovery , scientists started to realize that the atom is not ultimately a single particle , but is made up of far smaller subatomic particles . Subsequent research determined the exact atomic structure which led to Rutherford 's gold foil experiment . Scientists eventually discovered that atoms have a positively charged nucleus ( with an exact atomic number of charges ) in the center , with a radius of about 1.2 × 10 meters × ( Atomic Mass Number ) . Electrons were found to be even smaller . Later , scientists found the expected number of electrons ( the same as the atomic number ) in an atom by using X-rays . When an X-ray passes through an atom , some of it is scattered while the rest passes through the atom . Since the X-ray loses its intensity primarily due to scattering at electrons , by noting the rate of decrease in X-ray intensity , the number of electrons contained in an atom can be accurately estimated . Symbolism ( edit ) See also Bohr model , which applies just as well to the section below . Generic atomic planetary model . Shield of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Rutherford 's model deferred to the idea of many electrons in rings , per Nagaoka . However , once Niels Bohr modified this view into a picture of just a few planet - like electrons for light atoms , the Rutherford - Bohr model caught the imagination of the public . It has since continually been used as a symbol for atoms and even for `` atomic '' energy ( even though this is more properly considered nuclear energy ) . Examples of its use over the past century include but are not limited to : The logo of the United States Atomic Energy Commission , which was in part responsible for its later usage in relation to nuclear fission technology in particular . The flag of the International Atomic Energy Agency is a Rutherford atom , enclosed in olive branches . The US minor league baseball Albuquerque Isotopes ' logo is a Rutherford atom , with the electron orbits forming an A . A similar symbol , the Atomic whirl , was chosen as the symbol for the American Atheists , and has come to be used as a symbol of atheism in general . The Unicode Miscellaneous Symbols codepoint U + 269B ( ⚛ ) uses a Rutherford atom . On maps , it is generally used to indicate a nuclear power installation . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Akhlesh Lakhtakia ( Ed . ) ; Salpeter , Edwin Ε. ( 1996 ) . `` Models and Modelers of Hydrogen '' . American Journal of Physics . World Scientific . 65 ( 9 ) : 933 . Bibcode : 1997AmJPh ... 65 ... 933L . doi : 10.1119 / 1.18691 . ISBN 981 - 02 - 2302 - 1 . CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ E. Rutherford , `` The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom '' , Philosophical Magazine . Series 6 , vol. 21 . May 1911 Jump up ^ 1926 Lecture for Nobel Prize in Physics Jump up ^ Nicholas Giordano ( 1 January 2012 ) . College Physics : Reasoning and Relationships . Cengage Learning . pp. 1051 -- . ISBN 1 - 285 - 22534 - 1 . Jump up ^ Constan , Zach ( 2010 ) . `` Learning Nuclear Science with Marbles '' . The Physics Teacher. 48 ( 2 ) : 114 . Bibcode : 2010PhTea ... 48 ... 114C . doi : 10.1119 / 1.3293660 . External links ( edit ) Rutherford 's Model by Raymond College Rutherford 's Model by Kyushu University ( hide ) Atomic models Single atoms Dalton model ( Billiard ball model ) Thomson model ( Plum pudding model ) Lewis model ( Cubical atom model ) Nagaoka model ( Saturnian model ) Rutherford model ( Planetary model ) Bohr model ( Rutherford -- Bohr model ) Bohr -- Sommerfeld model ( Refined Bohr model ) Gryziński model ( Free - fall model ) Schrodinger model ( Electron cloud model ) Dirac - Gordon model ( Relativistic atomic model ) Atoms in solids Einstein solid Debye model Drude model Free electron model Nearly free electron model Band structure Density functional theory Atoms in fluids Ideal gas Van der Waals gas Newtonian fluid Bose -- Einstein condensate Scientists Felix Bloch Niels Bohr Satyendra Nath Bose John Dalton Peter Debye Paul Dirac Paul Drude Albert Einstein Walter Gordon Michał Gryziński Irving Langmuir Gilbert N. Lewis Hantaro Nagaoka Isaac Newton Ernest Rutherford Erwin Schrödinger Arnold Sommerfeld J.J. Thomson Johannes Diderik van der Waals Book : Atomic models Category : Atoms Portal : Physics / Chemistry Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_model&oldid=836909474 '' Categories : Foundational quantum physics History of physics Ernest Rutherford 1911 in science Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list Articles needing additional references from February 2018 All articles needing additional references Articles containing video clips Talk Contents About Wikipedia Aragonés বাংলা Беларуская Български Català Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Italiano עברית Македонски മലയാളം Nederlands 日本 語 پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Shqip Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 27 more Edit links This page was last edited on 17 April 2018 , at 15 : 48 . About Wikipedia

Question: who made the nuclear model of an atom