PGA Championship - Wikipedia PGA Championship Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Championship held in the United States . For the European Tour Championship held at Wentworth Club , United Kingdom , see BMW PGA Championship . This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( August 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) PGA Championship Tournament information Location United States , varies Town and Country , Missouri in 2018 Established 1916 ; 102 years ago ( 1916 ) Course ( s ) Bellerive Country Club in 2018 Par 71 in 2018 Length 7,547 yd ( 6,901 m ) in 2018 Organized by PGA of America Tour ( s ) PGA Tour European Tour Japan Golf Tour Format Stroke play ( 1958 -- present ) Match play ( 1916 -- 1957 ) Prize fund $ 10.5 million Month played August Tournament record score Aggregate 265 David Toms ( 2001 ) To par − 20 * Jason Day ( 2015 ) * equals record for all majors Current champion Justin Thomas 2018 PGA Championship The PGA Championship ( often referred to as the U.S. PGA Championship or U.S. PGA outside the United States ) is an annual golf tournament conducted by the Professional Golfers ' Association of America . It is one of the four major championships in professional golf , and it is the golf season 's final major , played in mid-August on the third weekend prior to Labor Day weekend . ( It was rescheduled for 2016 to late July to accommodate golf 's return to the Olympics . ) It is an official money event on the PGA Tour , European Tour , and Japan Golf Tour , with a purse of $ 10 million since the 97th edition in 2015 . In line with the other majors , winning the PGA gains privileges that improve career security . PGA champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors ( Masters Tournament , U.S. Open , and The Open Championship ) and The Players Championship for the next five years , and are eligible for the PGA Championship for life . They receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and on the European Tour for the following seven seasons . The PGA Championship has been held at a large number of venues . Some of the early sites are now quite obscure , but in recent years , the event has generally been played at a small group of celebrated courses , each of which has also hosted several other leading events , including the U.S. Open and Ryder Cup . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Format 1.2 Location 1.3 Promotion 2 Qualification 3 Winners 3.1 Stroke play era winners 3.2 Match play era winners 4 Match play era details 5 Summary by course , state and region 6 Records 7 Broadcasting 8 Future sites 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 External links History ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) In 1894 , with 41 golf courses operating in the United States , two unofficial national championships for amateur golfers were organized . One was held at Newport Country Club in Rhode Island , and the other at St. Andrew 's Golf Club in New York . In addition , and at the same time as the amateur event , St. Andrew 's conducted an Open championship for professional golfers . None of the championships was officially sanctioned by a governing body for American golf , causing considerable controversy among players and organizers . Later in 1894 this led to the formation of the United States Golf Association ( USGA ) , which became the first formal golf organization in the country . After the formation of the USGA , golf quickly became a sport of national popularity and importance . In February 1916 the Professional Golfers Association of America ( PGA ) was established in New York City . One month earlier , the wealthy department store owner Rodman Wanamaker hosted a luncheon with the leading golf professionals of the day at the Wykagyl Country Club in nearby New Rochelle . The attendees prepared the agenda for the formal organization of the PGA ; consequently , golf historians have dubbed Wykagyl `` The Cradle of the PGA . '' The new organization 's first president was Robert White , one of Wykagyl 's best - known golf professionals . The first PGA Championship was held in October 1916 at Siwanoy Country Club in Bronxville , New York . The winner , Jim Barnes , received $500 and a diamond - studded gold medal donated by Rodman Wanamaker . The 2016 winner , Jimmy Walker , earned $1.8 million . The champion is also awarded a replica of the Wanamaker Trophy , which was also donated by Wanamaker , to keep for one year , and a smaller - sized keeper replica Wanamaker Trophy . Format ( edit ) Initially a match play event , the PGA Championship was originally played in early fall but varied from May to December . Following World War II , the championship was mostly played in late May or late June , then moved to early July in 1953 and a few weeks later in 1954 , with the finals played on Tuesday . As a match play event ( with a stroke play qualifier ) , it was not uncommon for the finalists to play over 200 holes in seven days . The 1957 event lost money , and at the PGA meetings in November it was changed to stroke play , starting in 1958 , with the standard 72 - hole format of 18 holes per day for four days , Thursday to Sunday . Network television broadcasters , preferring a large group of well - known contenders on the final day , pressured the PGA of America to make the format change . During the 1960s , the PGA Championship was played the week following The Open Championship five times , making it virtually impossible for players to compete in both majors . In 1965 , the PGA was contested for the first time in August , and returned in 1969 , save for a one - year move to late February in 1971 , played in Florida . The 2016 event was moved to late July , two weeks after the Open Championship , to accommodate the 2016 Summer Olympics in August . Prior to the 2017 edition , it was announced that the PGA Championship would be moved to May on the weekend prior to Memorial Day , beginning in 2019 . The PGA Tour concurrently announced that it would move its Players Championship back to March the same year ; it had been moved from March to May in 2007 . The PGA of America cited the addition of golf to the Summer Olympics , as well as cooler weather enabling a wider array of options for host courses , as reasoning for the change . It was also believed that the PGA Tour wished to re-align its season to end sooner , so that the FedEx Cup Playoffs would not have to compete with the start of football season in late - August and September . Location ( edit ) The PGA Championship is primarily played in the eastern half of the United States ; only ten times has it ventured west . It was last played in the Pacific time zone 20 years ago in 1998 , at Sahalee east of Seattle . The last time that the championship was played in California was in 1995 , at Riviera . The 102nd edition in 2020 is scheduled for TPC Harding Park in San Francisco , the first for the Bay Area and a return to California after a quarter century . ( The Mountain time zone has hosted three playings , all in suburban Denver ; these tournaments occurred in 1941 , 1967 , and 1985 . ) Through 2018 , the state of New York has hosted twelve times , followed by Ohio ( 11 ) and Pennsylvania ( 9 ) . Promotion ( edit ) The tournament was previously promoted with the slogan `` Glory 's Last Shot '' . In 2013 , the tagline had been dropped in favor of `` The Season 's Final Major '' , as suggested by PGA Tour commissioner Tim Finchem whilst discussing the allowance of a one - week break in its schedule prior to the Ryder Cup . Finchem had argued that the slogan was not appropriate as it weakened the stature of events that occur after it , such as the PGA Tour 's FedEx Cup playoffs . PGA of America CEO Pete Bevacqua explained that they had also had discussions with CBS , adding that `` it was three entities that all quickly came to the same conclusion that , you know what , there 's just not much in that tag line and we do n't feel it 's doing much for the PGA Championship , so let 's not stick with it . Let 's think what else is out there . '' For a time , the tournament used the slogan `` This is Major '' as a replacement . Qualification ( edit ) The PGA Championship was established for the purpose of providing a high - profile tournament specifically for professional golfers at a time when they were generally not held in high esteem in a sport that was largely run by wealthy amateurs . This origin is still reflected in the entry system for the Championship . It is the only major that does not explicitly invite leading amateurs to compete ( it is possible for amateurs to get into the field , although the only viable ways are by winning one of the other major championships , or winning a PGA Tour event while playing on a sponsor 's exemption ) , and the only one that reserves a large number of places , 20 of 156 , for club professionals . These slots are determined by the top finishers in the club pro championship , which is held in June . Since December 1968 , the PGA Tour has been independent of the PGA of America . The PGA Tour is an elite organization of tournament professionals , but the PGA Championship is still run by the PGA of America , which is mainly a body for club and teaching professionals . The PGA Championship is the only major that does not explicitly grant entry to the top 50 players in the Official World Golf Ranking , although it invariably invites all of the top 100 ( not just top 50 ) players who are not already qualified . List of qualification criteria as of 2010 : All former PGA Champions . Winners of the last five U.S. Opens . Winners of the last five Masters . Winners of the last five Open Championships . Winners of the last three The Players Championships . The current Senior PGA Champion . The low 15 scorers and ties in the previous PGA Championship . The 20 low scorers in the last PGA Professional National Championship . The 70 leaders in official money standings on the PGA Tour ( starting one week prior to the previous year 's PGA Championship and ending two weeks prior to the current year 's PGA Championship ) . Members of the most recent United States and European Ryder Cup Teams , provided they are in the top 100 of the Official World Golf Ranking as of one week before the start of the tournament . Winners of tournaments co-sponsored or approved by the PGA Tour since the previous PGA Championship ( does not include pro-am and team competitions , but does include alternate events ) . The PGA of America reserves the right to invite additional players not included in the categories listed above . The total field is a maximum of 156 players . Vacancies are filled by the first available player from the list of alternates ( those below 70th place in official money standings ) . Winners ( edit ) Main article : List of PGA Championship champions Stroke play era winners ( edit ) Year Champion Country Venue Location of venue Score Winning margin Runner ( s ) - up Winner 's share ( $ ) 2018 Bellerive Country Club Town and Country , Missouri 1,890,000 2017 Justin Thomas United States Quail Hollow Club Charlotte , North Carolina 276 ( − 8 ) 2 strokes Francesco Molinari Louis Oosthuizen Patrick Reed 1,890,000 2016 Jimmy Walker United States Baltusrol Golf Club , Lower Course Springfield , New Jersey 266 ( − 14 ) 1 stroke Jason Day 1,800,000 2015 Jason Day Australia Whistling Straits , Straits Course Kohler , Wisconsin 268 ( − 20 ) 3 strokes Jordan Spieth 1,800,000 2014 Rory McIlroy ( 2 ) Northern Ireland Valhalla Golf Club Louisville , Kentucky 268 ( − 16 ) 1 stroke Phil Mickelson 1,800,000 2013 Jason Dufner United States Oak Hill Country Club , East Course Rochester , New York 270 ( − 10 ) 2 strokes Jim Furyk 1,445,000 2012 Rory McIlroy Northern Ireland Kiawah Island Golf Resort , Ocean Course Kiawah Island , South Carolina 275 ( − 13 ) 8 strokes David Lynn 1,445,000 2011 Keegan Bradley United States Atlanta Athletic Club , Highlands Course Johns Creek , Georgia 272 ( − 8 ) Playoff Jason Dufner 1,445,000 Martin Kaymer Germany Whistling Straits , Straits Course Kohler , Wisconsin 277 ( − 11 ) Playoff Bubba Watson 1,350,000 2009 Yang Yong - eun South Korea Hazeltine National Golf Club Chaska , Minnesota 280 ( − 8 ) 3 strokes Tiger Woods 1,350,000 2008 Pádraig Harrington Ireland Oakland Hills Country Club , South Course Bloomfield , Michigan 277 ( − 3 ) 2 strokes Ben Curtis Sergio García 1,350,000 2007 Tiger Woods ( 4 ) United States Southern Hills Country Club Tulsa , Oklahoma 272 ( − 8 ) 2 strokes Woody Austin 1,260,000 2006 Tiger Woods ( 3 ) United States Medinah Country Club , Course No. 3 Medinah , Illinois 270 ( − 18 ) 5 strokes Shaun Micheel 1,224,000 2005 Phil Mickelson United States Baltusrol Golf Club , Lower Course Springfield , New Jersey 276 ( − 4 ) 1 stroke Thomas Bjørn Steve Elkington 1,170,000 Vijay Singh ( 2 ) Fiji Whistling Straits , Straits Course Kohler , Wisconsin 280 ( − 8 ) Playoff Chris DiMarco Justin Leonard 1,125,000 2003 Shaun Micheel United States Oak Hill Country Club , East Course Rochester , New York 276 ( − 4 ) 2 strokes Chad Campbell 1,080,000 2002 Rich Beem United States Hazeltine National Golf Club Chaska , Minnesota 278 ( − 10 ) 1 stroke Tiger Woods 990,000 2001 David Toms United States Atlanta Athletic Club , Highlands Course Duluth , Georgia 265 ( − 15 ) 1 stroke Phil Mickelson 936,000 2000 Tiger Woods ( 2 ) United States Valhalla Golf Club Louisville , Kentucky 270 ( − 18 ) Playoff Bob May 900,000 1999 Tiger Woods United States Medinah Country Club , Course No. 3 Medinah , Illinois 277 ( − 11 ) 1 stroke Sergio García 630,000 1998 Vijay Singh Fiji Sahalee Country Club Sammamish , Washington 271 ( − 9 ) 2 strokes Steve Stricker 540,000 1997 Davis Love III United States Winged Foot Golf Club , West Course Mamaroneck , New York 269 ( − 11 ) 5 strokes Justin Leonard 470,000 Mark Brooks United States Valhalla Golf Club Louisville , Kentucky 277 ( − 11 ) Playoff Kenny Perry 430,000 1995 Steve Elkington Australia Riviera Country Club Pacific Palisades , California 267 ( − 17 ) Playoff Colin Montgomerie 360,000 1994 Nick Price ( 2 ) Zimbabwe Southern Hills Country Club Tulsa , Oklahoma 269 ( − 11 ) 6 strokes Corey Pavin 310,000 1993 Paul Azinger United States Inverness Club Toledo , Ohio 272 ( − 12 ) Playoff Greg Norman 300,000 1992 Nick Price Zimbabwe Bellerive Country Club St. Louis , Missouri 278 ( − 6 ) 3 strokes John Cook Nick Faldo Jim Gallagher , Jr . Gene Sauers 280,000 1991 John Daly United States Crooked Stick Golf Club Carmel , Indiana 276 ( − 12 ) 3 strokes Bruce Lietzke 230,000 1990 Wayne Grady Australia Shoal Creek Golf and Country Club Birmingham , Alabama 282 ( − 6 ) 3 strokes Fred Couples 225,000 1989 Payne Stewart United States Kemper Lakes Golf Club Long Grove , Illinois 276 ( − 12 ) 1 stroke Andy Bean Mike Reid Curtis Strange 200,000 1988 Jeff Sluman United States Oak Tree Golf Club Edmond , Oklahoma 272 ( − 12 ) 3 strokes Paul Azinger 160,000 Larry Nelson ( 2 ) United States PGA National Resort & Spa Palm Beach Gardens , Florida 287 ( − 1 ) Playoff Lanny Wadkins 150,000 1986 Bob Tway United States Inverness Club Toledo , Ohio 276 ( − 8 ) 2 strokes Greg Norman 145,000 1985 Hubert Green United States Cherry Hills Country Club Cherry Hills Village , Colorado 278 ( − 6 ) 2 strokes Lee Trevino 125,000 1984 Lee Trevino ( 2 ) United States Shoal Creek Golf and Country Club Birmingham , Alabama 273 ( − 15 ) 4 strokes Gary Player Lanny Wadkins 125,000 Hal Sutton United States Riviera Country Club Pacific Palisades , California 274 ( − 10 ) 1 stroke Jack Nicklaus 100,000 1982 Raymond Floyd ( 2 ) United States Southern Hills Country Club Tulsa , Oklahoma 272 ( − 8 ) 3 strokes Lanny Wadkins 65,000 1981 Larry Nelson United States Atlanta Athletic Club , Highlands Course Duluth , Georgia 273 ( − 7 ) 4 strokes Fuzzy Zoeller 60,000 1980 Jack Nicklaus ( 5 ) United States Oak Hill Country Club , East Course Rochester , New York 274 ( − 6 ) 7 strokes Andy Bean 60,000 1979 David Graham Australia Oakland Hills Country Club , South Course Bloomfield , Michigan 272 ( − 8 ) Playoff Ben Crenshaw 60,000 1978 John Mahaffey United States Oakmont Country Club Oakmont , Pennsylvania 276 ( − 8 ) Playoff Jerry Pate Tom Watson 50,000 1977 Lanny Wadkins United States Pebble Beach Golf Links Pebble Beach , California 282 ( − 6 ) Playoff Gene Littler 45,000 1976 Dave Stockton ( 2 ) United States Congressional Country Club , Blue Course Bethesda , Maryland 281 ( + 1 ) 1 stroke Raymond Floyd Don January 45,000 Jack Nicklaus ( 4 ) United States Firestone Country Club , South Course Akron , Ohio 276 ( − 4 ) 2 strokes Bruce Crampton 45,000 Lee Trevino United States Tanglewood Park , Championship Course Clemmons , North Carolina 276 ( − 4 ) 1 stroke Jack Nicklaus 45,000 1973 Jack Nicklaus ( 3 ) United States Canterbury Golf Club Beachwood , Ohio 277 ( − 7 ) 4 strokes Bruce Crampton 45,000 1972 Gary Player ( 2 ) South Africa Oakland Hills Country Club , South Course Bloomfield Hills , Michigan 281 ( + 1 ) 2 strokes Tommy Aaron Jim Jamieson 45,000 1971 Jack Nicklaus ( 2 ) United States PGA National Golf Club Palm Beach Gardens , Florida 281 ( − 7 ) 2 strokes Billy Casper 40,000 1970 Dave Stockton United States Southern Hills Country Club Tulsa , Oklahoma 279 ( − 1 ) 2 strokes Bob Murphy Arnold Palmer 40,000 1969 Raymond Floyd United States NCR Country Club , South Course Dayton , Ohio 276 ( − 8 ) 1 stroke Gary Player 35,000 1968 Julius Boros United States Pecan Valley Golf Club San Antonio , Texas 281 ( + 1 ) 1 stroke Bob Charles Arnold Palmer 25,000 1967 Don January United States Columbine Country Club Columbine Valley , Colorado 281 ( − 7 ) Playoff Don Massengale 25,000 1966 Al Geiberger United States Firestone Country Club , South Course Akron , Ohio 280 ( E ) 4 strokes Dudley Wysong 25,000 1965 Dave Marr United States Laurel Valley Golf Club Ligonier , Pennsylvania 280 ( − 4 ) 2 strokes Billy Casper Jack Nicklaus 25,000 1964 Bobby Nichols United States Columbus Country Club Columbus , Ohio 271 ( − 9 ) 3 strokes Jack Nicklaus Arnold Palmer 18,000 1963 Jack Nicklaus United States Dallas Athletic Club , Blue Course Dallas , Texas 279 ( − 5 ) 2 strokes Dave Ragan 13,000 1962 Gary Player South Africa Aronimink Golf Club Newtown Square , Pennsylvania 278 ( − 2 ) 1 stroke Bob Goalby 13,000 1961 Jerry Barber United States Olympia Fields Country Club Olympia Fields , Illinois 277 ( − 3 ) Playoff Don January 11,000 1960 Jay Hebert United States Firestone Country Club , South Course Akron , Ohio 281 ( + 1 ) 1 stroke Jim Ferrier 11,000 1959 Bob Rosburg United States Minneapolis Golf Club St. Louis Park , Minnesota 277 ( − 3 ) 1 stroke Jerry Barber Doug Sanders 8,250 1958 Dow Finsterwald United States Llanerch Country Club Havertown , Pennsylvania 276 ( − 4 ) 2 strokes Billy Casper 5,500 Match play era winners ( edit ) Year Champion Country Runner - up Margin Venue Location of venue Winners share ( $ ) 1957 Lionel Hebert United States Dow Finsterwald 2 & 1 Miami Valley Golf Club Dayton , Ohio 8,000 1956 Jack Burke , Jr . United States Ted Kroll 3 & 2 Blue Hill Country Club Canton , Massachusetts 5,000 1955 Doug Ford United States Cary Middlecoff 4 & 3 Meadowbrook Country Club Detroit , Michigan 5,000 1954 Chick Harbert United States Walter Burkemo 4 & 3 Keller Golf Course Maplewood , Minnesota 5,000 1953 Walter Burkemo United States Felice Torza 2 & 1 Birmingham Country Club Birmingham , Michigan 5,000 1952 Jim Turnesa United States Chick Harbert 1 up Big Spring Country Club Louisville , Kentucky 3,500 1951 Sam Snead ( 3 ) United States Walter Burkemo 7 & 6 Oakmont Country Club Oakmont , Pennsylvania 3,500 1950 Chandler Harper United States Henry Williams , Jr . 4 & 3 Scioto Country Club Columbus , Ohio 3,500 1949 Sam Snead ( 2 ) United States Johnny Palmer 3 & 2 Hermitage Country Club Richmond , Virginia 3,500 1948 Ben Hogan ( 2 ) United States Mike Turnesa 7 & 6 Norwood Hills Country Club St. Louis , Missouri 3,500 1947 Jim Ferrier Australia Chick Harbert 2 & 1 Plum Hollow Country Club Detroit , Michigan 3,500 1946 Ben Hogan United States Ed Oliver 6 & 4 Portland Golf Club Portland , Oregon 3,500 1945 Byron Nelson ( 2 ) United States Sam Byrd 4 & 3 Moraine Country Club Dayton , Ohio 3,750 1944 Bob Hamilton United States Byron Nelson 1 up Manito Golf and Country Club Spokane , Washington 3,500 1943 Not held due to World War II 1942 Sam Snead United States Jim Turnesa 2 & 1 Seaview Country Club Atlantic City , New Jersey 1,000 1941 Vic Ghezzi United States Byron Nelson 38 holes Cherry Hills Country Club Cherry Hills Village , Colorado 1,100 1940 Byron Nelson United States Sam Snead 1 up Hershey Country Club , West Course Hershey , Pennsylvania 1,100 1939 Henry Picard United States Byron Nelson 37 holes Pomonok Country Club Flushing , New York 1,100 1938 Paul Runyan ( 2 ) United States Sam Snead 8 & 7 The Shawnee Inn & Golf Resort Smithfield Township , Pennsylvania 1,100 1937 Denny Shute ( 2 ) United States Harold McSpaden 37 holes Pittsburgh Field Club O'Hara Township , Pennsylvania 1,000 1936 Denny Shute United States Jimmy Thomson 3 & 2 Pinehurst Resort , No. 2 Course Pinehurst , North Carolina 1,000 1935 Johnny Revolta United States Tommy Armour 5 & 4 Twin Hills Golf & Country Club Oklahoma City , Oklahoma 1,000 1934 Paul Runyan United States Craig Wood 38 holes The Park Country Club Williamsville , New York 1,000 1933 Gene Sarazen ( 3 ) United States Willie Goggin 5 & 4 Blue Mound Golf & Country Club Wauwatosa , Wisconsin 1,000 1932 Olin Dutra United States Frank Walsh 4 & 3 Keller Golf Course Maplewood , Minnesota 1,000 1931 Tom Creavy United States Denny Shute 2 & 1 Wannamoisett Country Club Rumford , Rhode Island 1,000 1930 Tommy Armour Scotland United States ^ Gene Sarazen 1 up Fresh Meadow Country Club Queens , New York 1929 Leo Diegel ( 2 ) United States Johnny Farrell 6 & 4 Hillcrest Country Club Los Angeles , California 1928 Leo Diegel United States Al Espinosa 6 & 5 Baltimore Country Club , East Course Timonium , Maryland 1927 Walter Hagen ( 5 ) United States Joe Turnesa 1 up Cedar Crest Country Club Dallas , Texas 1926 Walter Hagen ( 4 ) United States Leo Diegel 5 & 3 Salisbury Golf Club , Red Course East Meadow , New York 1925 Walter Hagen ( 3 ) United States Bill Mehlhorn 6 & 5 Olympia Fields Country Club Olympia Fields , Illinois 1924 Walter Hagen ( 2 ) United States Jim Barnes 2 up French Lick Springs Resort , Hill Course French Lick , Indiana 1923 Gene Sarazen ( 2 ) United States Walter Hagen 38 holes Pelham Country Club Pelham Manor , New York 1922 Gene Sarazen United States Emmet French 4 & 3 Oakmont Country Club Oakmont , Pennsylvania 500 1921 Walter Hagen United States Jim Barnes 3 & 2 Inwood Country Club Inwood , New York 500 1920 Jock Hutchison Scotland United States ^ J. Douglas Edgar 1 up Flossmoor Country Club Flossmoor , Illinois 500 1919 Jim Barnes ( 2 ) England Fred McLeod 6 & 5 Engineers Country Club Roslyn Harbor , New York 500 1918 Not held due to World War I 1917 1916 Jim Barnes England Jock Hutchison 1 up Siwanoy Country Club Eastchester , New York 500 ^ These players were British born , but they were based in the United States when they won the PGA Championship , and they became U.S. citizens : Tommy Armour - Born in Scotland but moved to the U.S. in the early 1920s and became a U.S. citizen at that time . Jock Hutchison - Born in Scotland . He became a U.S. citizen in 1920 . Match play era details ( edit ) The table below lists the field sizes and qualification methods for the match play era . All rounds were played over 36 holes except as noted in the table . Years Field size Qualification 18 hole rounds 1916 -- 21 32 sectional * 1922 64 sectional 1st two rounds 1923 64 sectional 1924 -- 34 32 36 hole qualifier 1935 -- 41 64 36 hole qualifier 1st two rounds 1942 -- 45 32 36 hole qualifier 1946 -- 55 64 36 hole qualifier 1st two rounds 1956 128 sectional 1st four rounds 1957 128 sectional 1st four rounds , consolation matches ( 3rd - 8th place ) * In 1921 , the field consisted of the defending champion and the top 31 qualifiers from the 1921 U.S. Open . Summary by course , state and region ( edit ) Summary by course , state and region Course / State / Region Number State No . Region No . Blue Hill Country Club Total Massachusetts Wannamoisett Country Club Total Rhode Island Total New England Baltusrol Golf Club Seaview Country Club Total New Jersey Engineers Country Club Fresh Meadow Country Club Inwood Country Club Oak Hill Country Club Pelham Country Club Pomonok Country Club Salisbury Golf Club Siwanoy Country Club The Park Country Club Winged Foot Golf Club Total New York 12 Aronimink Golf Club Hershey Country Club Laurel Valley Golf Club Llanerch Country Club Oakmont Country Club Pittsburgh Field Club The Shawnee Inn & Golf Resort Total Pennsylvania 9 Total Mid-Atlantic 23 PGA National Golf Club PGA National Resort & Spa Total Florida Atlanta Athletic Club Total Georgia Baltimore Country Club Congressional Country Club Total Maryland Pinehurst Resort Quail Hollow Tanglewood Park Total North Carolina Kiawah Island Golf Resort Total South Carolina Hermitage Country Club Total Virginia Total South Atlantic 12 Shoal Creek Golf and Country Club Total Alabama Big Spring Country Club Valhalla Golf Club Total Kentucky Total East South Central 5 Oak Tree Golf Club Southern Hills Country Club Twin Hills Golf & Country Club Total Oklahoma 6 Cedar Crest Country Club Dallas Athletic Club Pecan Valley Golf Club Total Texas Total West South Central 9 Flossmoor Country Club Kemper Lakes Golf Club Medinah Country Club Olympia Fields Country Club Total Illinois 6 Crooked Stick Golf Club French Lick Springs Resort Total Indiana Birmingham Country Club Meadowbrook Country Club Oakland Hills Country Club Plum Hollow Country Club Total Michigan 6 Canterbury Golf Club Columbus Country Club Firestone Country Club Inverness Club Miami Valley Golf Club Moraine Country Club NCR Country Club Scioto Country Club Total Ohio 11 Blue Mound Golf & Country Club Whistling Straits Total Wisconsin Total East North Central 29 Hazeltine National Golf Club Keller Golf Course Minneapolis Golf Club Total Minnesota 5 Bellerive Country Club Norwood Hills Country Club Total Missouri Total West North Central 7 Cherry Hills Country Club Columbine Country Club Total Colorado Total Mountain Hillcrest Country Club Pebble Beach Golf Links Riviera Country Club Total California Portland Golf Club Total Oregon Manito Golf and Country Club Sahalee Country Club Total Washington Total Pacific 7 Records ( edit ) Most wins : 5 , Jack Nicklaus , Walter Hagen Most runner - up finishes : 4 , Jack Nicklaus Oldest winner : Julius Boros in 1968 ( 48 years , 142 days ) Youngest winner : Gene Sarazen in 1922 ( 20 years , 174 days ) Greatest winning margin in the match play era : Paul Runyan beat Sam Snead 8 & 7 in 1938 Greatest winning margin in the stroke play era : 8 strokes , Rory McIlroy in 2012 Lowest absolute 72 - hole score : 265 , David Toms ( 66 - 65 - 65 - 69 ) , 2001 Lowest 72 - hole score in relation to par : -- 20 , Jason Day ( 68 - 67 - 66 - 67 = 268 ) in 2015 This is the lowest score in relation to par at any major championship . Toms ' 2001 score was − 15 . The 2001 site , the Highlands Course at Atlanta Athletic Club , played to par 70 , while the 2015 site , the Straits Course at Whistling Straits , played to par 72 . ( The Highlands Course also played to par 70 when it hosted in 1981 and 2011 , and the Straits Course also played to par 72 when it hosted in 2004 and 2010 . ) Lowest 18 - hole score : 63 -- Bruce Crampton , 2nd round , 1975 ; Raymond Floyd , 1st , 1982 ; Gary Player , 2nd , 1984 ; Vijay Singh , 2nd , 1993 ; Michael Bradley , 1st , 1995 ; Brad Faxon , 4th , 1995 ; José María Olazábal , 3rd , 2000 ; Mark O'Meara , 2nd , 2001 ; Thomas Bjørn , 3rd , 2005 ; Tiger Woods , 2nd , 2007 ; Steve Stricker , 1st , 2011 ; Jason Dufner , 2nd , 2013 ; Hiroshi Iwata , 2nd , 2015 ; Robert Streb , 2nd , 2016 . Most frequent venues : 4 PGA Championships : Southern Hills Country Club -- 1970 , 1982 , 1994 , 2007 . 3 PGA Championships : Atlanta Athletic Club , Highlands Course -- 1981 , 2001 , 2011 . 3 PGA Championships : Firestone Country Club , South Course -- 1960 , 1966 , 1975 . 3 PGA Championships : Oakland Hills Country Club , South Course -- 1972 , 1979 , 2008 . 3 PGA Championships : Oakmont Country Club -- 1922 , 1951 , 1978 . 3 PGA Championships : Oak Hill Country Club , East Course -- 1980 , 2003 , 2013 . 3 PGA Championships : Valhalla Golf Club -- 1996 , 2000 , 2014 . 3 PGA Championships : Whistling Straits , Straits Course -- 2004 , 2010 , 2015 . Broadcasting ( edit ) Further information : List of PGA Championship broadcasters Under current contracts running through 2019 , the PGA Championship is televised in the United States by CBS -- which holds rights to afternoon coverage of the weekend rounds , and TNT -- which holds rights to broadcast early - round and weekend morning coverage . ABC had historically broadcast the tournament until 1991 , when it moved to its current home of CBS . Future sites ( edit ) Year Edition Course Location Dates Hosted 2018 100th Bellerive Country Club Town and Country , Missouri August 9 -- 12 1992 2019 101st Bethpage State Park , Black Course Farmingdale , New York May 16 -- 19 Never 2020 102nd TPC Harding Park San Francisco , California May TBA Never 2021 103rd Kiawah Island Golf Resort , Ocean Course Kiawah Island , South Carolina May TBA 2012 2022 104th Trump National Golf Club Bedminster , New Jersey TBD Never 2023 105th Oak Hill Country Club Rochester , New York TBD 1980 , 2003 , 2013 2024 106th Valhalla Golf Club Louisville , Kentucky TBD 1996 , 2000 , 2014 2027 109th Aronimink Golf Club Newtown Square , Pennsylvania TBD 1962 2028 110th Olympic Club San Francisco , California TBD Never TBD TBD Southern Hills Country Club Tulsa , Oklahoma TBD 1970 , 1982 , 1994 , 2007 Source : See also ( edit ) Book : Men 's major professional golf championships Golf portal Golf in the United States Notes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : The course has a Kohler postal address , but is located in the unincorporated community of Haven . ^ Jump up to : The club has a Rochester postal address , but is located in the adjacent town of Pittsford . ^ Jump up to : The club is in a portion of the postal area of Duluth that became part of the newly incorporated city of Johns Creek in 2006 . Although the club continues to be served by the Duluth post office , it now states its postal address as Johns Creek . ^ Jump up to : At that time , the club had a Louisville postal address , but was located in unincorporated Jefferson County . In 2003 , the governments of Louisville and Jefferson County merged , putting the club within the political boundaries of Louisville . ^ Jump up to : Pacific Palisades is a neighborhood in Los Angeles with its own postal identity . Jump up ^ The club has a St. Louis postal address , but is located in the suburb of Town and Country . Jump up ^ Most of the course lies within the hamlet of Old Bethpage , however Bethpage State Park has a Farmingdale postal address . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Wykagyl , 1898 - 1998 ; by Desmond Tollhurst and John Barban ; pages 28 - 30 Jump up ^ Wykagyl , 1898 - 1998 by Desmond Tollhurst and John Barban ; pp. 1 - 2 Jump up ^ `` History of the PGA Championship '' . PGA of America . Retrieved May 1 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Shootout at Shoal Creek '' . Times Daily . Florence , Alabama . August 16 , 1984 . p. 14A . Jump up ^ `` An overview of the event '' . Toledo Blade . Ohio . 75th PGA Championship ( insert ) . August 8 , 1993 . p. 8 . Jump up ^ `` Medal play in pro golf slated '' . Time - News . Hendersonville , North Carolina . United Press . November 15 , 1957 . p. 8 . Jump up ^ Barkow , Al ( 1974 ) . Golf 's Golden Grind : A History of the PGA Tour . Harcourt Brace Jovanovich . ISBN 978 - 0151908851 . Jump up ^ `` 2016 PGA Championship moving to July to accommodate Olympics '' . Golf.com . Retrieved August 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Shedloski , Dave ( August 7 , 2017 ) . `` The PGA Championship is moving to May and players are on board '' . Golf Digest . Retrieved August 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` P.G.A. Championship Will Move from August to May in 2019 '' . The New York Times . Reuters . August 8 , 2017 . ISSN 0362 - 4331 . Retrieved August 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Herrington , Ryan ( August 7 , 2017 ) . `` The PGA Championship will be moving to May , sources say '' . Golf Digest . Retrieved August 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Shackelford , Geoff ( June 26 , 2014 ) . `` San Francisco 's Harding Park to host 2020 PGA Championship '' . Golf Digest . Retrieved April 11 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Future sites of the PGA Championship '' . PGA of America . August 31 , 2015 . Retrieved April 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lavner , Ryan ( August 7 , 2013 ) . `` PGA ditches Glory 's Last Shot at Tour 's request '' . Golf Channel . Retrieved August 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` PGA explains new slogan , and why Oak Hill green speeds are a mystery '' . Golf.com . Retrieved August 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Wacker , Brian ( July 31 , 2016 ) . `` The PGA 's decision to play lift , clean , and place is at odds with its own logic '' . Golf Digest . Retrieved August 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Spander , Art . `` Meet Hiroshi Iwata , the Unknown Golfer Who Made History at the PGA Championship '' . Bleacher Report . Retrieved August 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Tour golfers , PGA settle fuss over tourney control '' . Spokesman - Review . Associated Press . December 14 , 1968 . p. 15 . Jump up ^ `` Pro golf struggle is settled ; PGA forms tourney group '' . Milwaukee Journal . December 14 , 1968 . p. 18 . Jump up ^ `` Dispute in U.S. settled '' . Glasgow Herald . December 16 , 1968 . p. 5 . Jump up ^ `` PGA of America - PGA Championships - history - total purses and first prize money '' . Retrieved August 2 , 2011 . Jump up ^ PGA Media Guide Jump up ^ Haggar , Jeff ( August 5 , 2013 ) . `` History of PGA Championship TV coverage ( 1958 - present ) '' . Classic TV Sports . Jump up ^ `` PGA of America , CBS Sports agree to long - term extension on broadcast rights '' . PGA of America . Retrieved May 8 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` PGA of America and Turner Sports Extend and Expand Media Agreements Through 2019 '' ( Press release ) . Retrieved May 8 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` NBC gets U.S. Open golf '' . The New York Times . June 2 , 1994 . Retrieved July 23 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Stewart , Larry ( July 21 , 1995 ) . `` ABC getting a major chance with British Open coverage '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved July 23 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` TPC Harding Park to host three big events '' . PGA Tour . July 2 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Aronimink Golf Club will host KPMG Women 's PGA Championship in 2020 , PGA Championship in ' 27 '' . ESPN . November 14 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Olympic Club to host PGA Championship in 2028 , Ryder Cup in 2032 '' . ESPN . Associated Press . November 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Southern Hills Country Club to host Senior PGA , PGA Championship '' . ESPN . Associated Press . May 30 , 2017 . Retrieved June 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Gray , Will ( May 30 , 2017 ) . `` PGA Championship Returning to Southern Hills by 2030 '' . Golf Channel . Retrieved June 5 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Official website Official website PGA Media Guide Coverage on PGA Tour 's official site Coverage on the European Tour 's official site Golf Overview History Glossary Outline Rules penalties playoffs etiquette Stroke play scoring handicap Match play four - ball alternate shot Golf course links teeing ground hazards Equipment golf clubs golf ball tee Technical Golf stroke mechanics Instruction Drive Golfers Professional golfer tours Male golfers Female golfers Men 's major winners Women 's major winners Senior major winners Olympic medalists Most wins Asian Tour Australasia Tour Challenge Tour European Tour European Senior Tour Japan Golf Tour Ladies European Tour LPGA Tour PGA Tour PGA Tour Champions Sunshine Tour Web.com Tour Majors Men Masters Tournament U.S. Open The Open Championship PGA Championship Women ANA Inspiration U.S. Women 's Open Women 's PGA Championship Women 's British Open The Evian Championship Senior The Tradition Senior PGA Championship U.S. Senior Open Senior Players Championship Senior Open Championship Senior Women 's Senior LPGA Championship U.S. Senior Women 's Open International events Multi-sport event Asian Games Inter-Allied Games Island Games Pacific Games Pan American Games Summer Olympics Summer Universiade Youth Olympic Games Team Curtis Cup EurAsia Cup International Crown Presidents Cup Ryder Cup Solheim Cup Walker Cup Rankings Men Women Amateur Countries Australia China India Ireland Philippines Russia Scotland Thailand United States Venues Driving range Lists of golf courses Canada Hawaii India North Dakota Philippines Portugal United Kingdom links courses designed by Jack Nicklaus Years 1353 -- 1850 1851 -- 1945 1945 -- 99 2000 -- 05 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Governing bodies International Golf Federation The R&A United States Golf Association Professional Golfers ' Association ( Great Britain and Ireland ) Professional Golfers ' Association of America LPGA PGA Tour PGA European Tour American Society of Golf Course Architects World Golf Teachers Federation Variations Beach golf GolfCross Hickory golf Indoor golf Long drive Miniature golf Park golf Pitch and putt Shotgun start Skins game Snow golf Speed golf Urban golf Miscellaneous Awards Architects Caddie Greenskeeper World Golf Hall of Fame British Golf Museum USGA Museum Jack Nicklaus Museum Caddie Hall of Fame Evans Scholars Foundation Media Golf Channel personalities Golf Digest Golf Magazine Golf World Golfweek Links Travel + Leisure Golf Video games Commons WikiProject Portal PGA Championships 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Major golf championships Current Masters Tournament U.S. Open The Open Championship PGA Championship Past British Amateur U.S. Amateur See also Most wins Chronological Grand Slam PGA Tour events Major championships Masters Tournament U.S. Open The Open Championship ( British Open ) PGA Championship Other tournaments Safeway Open CIMB Classic CJ Cup WGC - HSBC Champions Sanderson Farms Championship Shriners Hospitals for Children Open OHL Classic at Mayakoba RSM Classic Sentry Tournament of Champions Sony Open in Hawaii CareerBuilder Challenge Farmers Insurance Open Waste Management Phoenix Open AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am Genesis Open The Honda Classic WGC - Mexico Championship Puerto Rico Open Valspar Championship Arnold Palmer Invitational WGC - Dell Technologies Match Play Corales Puntacana Resort and Club Championship Houston Open RBC Heritage Valero Texas Open Zurich Classic of New Orleans Wells Fargo Championship The Players Championship AT&T Byron Nelson Fort Worth Invitational Memorial Tournament FedEx St. Jude Classic Travelers Championship The National Greenbrier Classic John Deere Classic Barbasol Championship RBC Canadian Open WGC - Bridgestone Invitational Barracuda Championship Wyndham Championship FedEx Cup playoff events The Northern Trust Dell Technologies Championship BMW Championship Tour Championship Team events Ryder Cup Presidents Cup World Cup Unofficial money events Hero World Challenge QBE Shootout CVS Health Charity Classic Former events List of former events Fall Series All events are listed in chronological order . European Tour events Major championships Masters Tournament U.S. Open The Open Championship PGA Championship Other Race to Dubai tournaments UBS Hong Kong Open Australian PGA Championship AfrAsia Bank Mauritius Open Joburg Open BMW SA Open Abu Dhabi HSBC Golf Championship Omega Dubai Desert Classic Maybank Championship ISPS Handa World Super 6 Perth NBO Oman Open Commercial Bank Qatar Masters WGC - Mexico Championship Tshwane Open Hero Indian Open WGC - Dell Technologies Match Play Championship Open de España Trophée Hassan II Volvo China Open Rocco Forte Open Belgian Knockout BMW PGA Championship Italian Open Shot Clock Masters BMW International Open HNA Open de France Dubai Duty Free Irish Open Aberdeen Standard Investments Scottish Open Porsche European Open WGC - Bridgestone Invitational Nordea Masters D + D Real Czech Masters Made in Denmark Omega European Masters KLM Open Portugal Masters Alfred Dunhill Links Championship British Masters Andalucía Valderrama Masters WGC - HSBC Champions Turkish Airlines Open Nedbank Golf Challenge DP World Tour Championship , Dubai Team events World Cup EurAsia Cup GolfSixes Ryder Cup European Golf Team Championships Other European Tour Qualifying School Former events All events listed in chronological order . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PGA_Championship&oldid=833511034 '' Categories : PGA Championship Men 's major golf championships Annual sporting events in the United States 1916 establishments in New York ( state ) Recurring sporting events established in 1916 Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from August 2013 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015 Articles needing additional references from November 2015 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Talk Contents About Wikipedia Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Français Galego 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Português Simple English Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 11 more Edit links This page was last edited on 1 April 2018 , at 01 : 01 . About Wikipedia

Question: which player won the pga championship by the most shots

Greatest winning margin in the match play era: Paul Runyan


Blood Swept Lands and Seas of red - wikipedia Blood Swept Lands and Seas of red Jump to : navigation , search Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red United Kingdom For the centenary of the outbreak of World War I Established 17 July 2014 ( 2014 - 07 - 17 ) Unveiled 11 November 2014 ( 2014 - 11 - 11 ) Location 51 ° 30 ′ 33 '' N 0 ° 04 ′ 31 '' W  /  51.50912 ° N 0.07528 ° W  / 51.50912 ; - 0.07528 Coordinates : 51 ° 30 ′ 33 '' N 0 ° 04 ′ 31 '' W  /  51.50912 ° N 0.07528 ° W  / 51.50912 ; - 0.07528 moat at the Tower of London Designed by Paul Cummins Tom Piper Total commemorated 888,246 by ceramic poppies Statistics source : Tower of London Remembers Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red was a work of installation art placed in the moat of the Tower of London , England , between July and November 2014 , commemorating the centenary of the outbreak of World War I. It consisted of 888,246 ceramic red poppies , each intended to represent one British or Colonial serviceman killed in the War . The artist was Paul Cummins , with setting by stage designer Tom Piper . The work 's title was taken from the first line of a poem by an unknown World War I soldier . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Form 3 Official visits and public reaction 4 Critical reaction 5 UK tour 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Background ( edit ) The work 's title , and Cummins ' inspiration for the work , came from a poem by an unknown World War I soldier from Derbyshire , who joined up in the early days of the war and died in Flanders . The poem begins : `` The blood swept lands and seas of red , / Where angels dare to tread / ... `` . The poem was contained in the soldier 's unsigned will , found by Cummins among old records in Chesterfield . The Tower of London moat , in which the work was set , was used in the early days of the war as a training ground for City of London workers who had enlisted to fight -- the `` Stockbrokers ' Battalion '' . Form ( edit ) The work consisted of a sea of ceramic red poppies , which were individually hand - made at Cummins ' ceramics works in Derbyshire , and some at Johnson Tiles in Tunstall , Stoke - on - Trent . The poppies were added to the installation progressively by volunteers . The 497,000 kg of the Etruria Marl - based Etruscan red earthenware used , as well as the majority of the manufacturing equipment and materials , were supplied by Potclays Limited in Stoke - on - Trent There were eventually 888,246 of the flowers , representing one count of the number of British and Colonial military fatalities in World War I . The sea of flowers was arranged to resemble a pool of blood which appeared to be pouring out of a bastion window ( the `` Weeping Window '' ) . The first poppy was planted on 17 July 2014 , and the work was unveiled on 5 August ( the centenary of Britain 's entry into the war ) . A team of about 17,500 volunteers put the poppies in place . The last one was planted on 11 November 2014 ( Remembrance Day ) , by a 13 - year - old cadet , Harry Hayes , from the Combined Cadet Force ( CCF ) of Reading Blue Coat School . After that day a team of about 8000 volunteers began removing the flowers . Members of the public had been able to pre-order the ceramic poppies for £ 25 each , with a share of the proceeds ( estimated at more than £ 15 million ) going to six service charities : COBSEO , Combat Stress , Coming Home , Help for Heroes , the Royal British Legion and SSAFA . At around sunset each day between 1 September and 10 November , the names of 180 World War I service personnel , nominated by members of the public to appear on a Roll of Honour , were read aloud by a Yeoman Warder , followed by the Last Post bugle call . Official visits and public reaction ( edit ) Reading of the Roll of Honour , to be followed by playing of the Last Post The installation was visited by the Princes William and Harry and the Duchess of Cambridge on the day of its opening , and by the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh on 16 October . The Queen later spoke about the memorial in her annual Christmas Message , broadcast on 25 December 2014 . Poppies from the display with a certificate in a cabinet at a church In all , an estimated five million people saw the memorial , and the huge visitor demand saw Prime Minister David Cameron and other politicians join calls to try and extend the period for which the installation remained at the Tower so that more visitors would be able to pay their respects . Cummins and Tower officials resisted such calls , stating that the transience of the installation was a key part of the artistic concept , and that the poppies would be removed as planned and distributed to their purchasers . On 8 November it was announced that the Wave segment -- a steel construction with poppies around the Tower entrance -- would remain in place until the end of the month , and that the Wave and the Weeping Window segments ( both made by the Theatre Royal , Plymouth ) would be taken on a tour of the UK , organised by 14 - 18 NOW , lasting until 2018 and would then go on permanent display at the Imperial War Museums in London and Manchester . A campaign was launched in December 2014 to bring the sculptural elements to Stoke - on - Trent during the tour itinerary as the majority of materials and much of the piece itself were manufactured in the city . In April 2016 , about halfway through the tour , the Weeping Windows segment was installed at St. Magnus Cathedral in Kirkwall , Orkney , Britain 's most northerly cathedral , to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Jutland , the biggest naval engagement of the First World War . In recognition of the work , Paul Cummins and Tom Piper were both awarded the MBE ( Member of the Order of the British Empire ) in the 2015 New Year Honours . Critical reaction ( edit ) Although the installation struck a chord with the public , it received negative reactions from some press critics . A.A. Gill of The Sunday Times called it `` impressive '' but `` curiously bland '' . The Guardian 's art critic Jonathan Jones described it as having a `` false nobility '' and being a `` prettified and toothless '' memorial . Tom Piper said in response that `` ... it is a remarkably good thing that it is so accessible . We should not be trying to create something that is difficult to understand . '' UK tour ( edit ) In November 2014 , it was announced that Wave and the Weeping Window segments would tour to venues around the UK until 2018 . This was organised by 14 - 18 NOW . The scheduled venues were : Woodhorn Museum , Ashington ; St George 's Hall , Liverpool Yorkshire Sculpture Park St Magnus Cathedral , Kirkwall Lincoln Castle Black Watch Museum , Perth Caernarfon Castle Hull Maritime Museum The Silk Mill , Derby Barge Pier , Shoeburyness Ulster Museum , Belfast National Assembly for Wales , Cardiff Plymouth Naval Memorial See also ( edit ) Remembrance poppy References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Tower of London Remembers '' . Historic Royal Palaces . Retrieved 25 May 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` About the installation '' , Tower of London website . Retrieved 17 October 2014 Jump up ^ Some sources give `` ... fear to tread ... '' Jump up ^ `` The Will of an unnamed soldier '' , SSAFA website ( contains full text of poem ) . Retrieved 9 April 2015 ^ Jump up to : `` Poppies to fill Tower of London moat in first world war commemoration '' , The Guardian , 7 May 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Campaign launched to bring the Tower of London poppies to Stoke - on - Trent '' , The Sentinel , 12 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Johnson Tiles helps poppies bloom at Tower of London '' , Johnson Tiles website , 5 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The poppies at the Tower of London '' , BBC News , 7 November 2014 . Jump up ^ http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Business-Family-firm-Potclays-supplies-materials/story-21090630-detail/story.html ) Jump up ^ `` Tower poppies ' debt to the Potteries '' , The Guardian , 29 December 2014 . Jump up ^ Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2010 -- 2011 Archived 4 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine ... This includes a table of numbers of war dead ( page 45 ) ; 888,246 is the figure for identified burials and names listed on memorials , for the UK and colonies ( not including dominions ) . Jump up ^ `` Cadet Harry Hayes , 13 , plants last of 888,246 poppies in Tower of London moat '' , The Daily Telegraph , 11 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Tower of London poppies : Volunteers to remove ceramic flowers '' , BBC News , 12 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Removal of Tower of London poppies ' at halfway point ' '' , BBC News , 19 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Roll of Honour -- Submit your nomination '' . Historic Royal Palaces -- Tower of London . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Kate , William and Harry visit blood red sea of poppies '' , royalista.com , 6 August 2014 Jump up ^ `` Queen visits Tower of London poppy garden '' , BBC News , 16 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Queen visits Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red installation '' , The Guardian , 16 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Tower of London poppies : Final poppy is ' planted ' '' , BBC News , 11 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` David Cameron joins plea to extend Tower of London poppies '' , The Daily Telegraph , 7 November 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Tower of London poppies to be removed as planned on 12 November '' , The Guardian , 6 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Poppy display segment at Tower of London given extension '' , BBC News , 8 November 2012 . ^ Jump up to : `` Tower of London poppies : Thousands to go on tour '' . BBC News Online . 9 November 2014 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 . Jump up ^ Brown , Mark ( 22 April 2016 ) . `` Tower of London poppies bloom at Britain 's most northerly cathedral '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 2 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` NY Honours for poppy duo , Joan Collins and John Hurt '' , BBC News , 30 December 2014 . Jump up ^ BBC News paper review , 9 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Poppy display segment at Tower of London given extension '' , BBC News , 8 November 2012 . Jump up ^ `` 2017 Locations '' . www.1418now.org.uk. 14 - 18 - Now . Retrieved 11 July 2017 . External links ( edit ) 14 - 18 NOW Official website Video : Making the Poppies ( with introduction by Paul Cummins ) Media related to Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red at Wikimedia Commons Public art and memorials in London Statues Monarchs Richard I Charles I Charles II James II Anne St Paul 's Westminster George III George IV George V George VI Others Alanbrooke Becket Bolívar Brunel Burns Cambridge Canning Chaplin Churchill Clive Cook Cromwell Derby Devonshire Disraeli Frere Freud Gagarin Gandhi Greathead Haig Havelock Herbert Irving Jenner Kitchener Lawson Lincoln Lloyd George Mandela Moore Montgomery Mountbatten Myddelton Napier Newman Newton Nightingale Orwell Outram Palmerston Peel Raikes Reynolds Roberts San Martín Shakespeare Slim Smuts Trajan Wallenberg Washington Wellington City Hyde Park Corner Wesley St Paul 's Shoreditch Westminster White Winehouse Wolseley Fictional Peter Pan Sherlock Holmes Memorials 7 July bombings Albert Alexandra Anti-Air War Bali bombings Bazalgette Bolan Bromhead Burdett - Coutts Cavell Cheylesmore Christie Donne Eleanor ( Charing Cross ) Faraday Firefighters George VI and Queen Elizabeth Grace Great Exhibition Great Fire of London Golden Boy of Pye Corner The Monument Heminges and Condell Heroic self - sacrifice Hogg Journalists Kennedy Lister Nelson 's Column Pankhurst Police Queen Elizabeth Gate Stratford Martyrs Suffragettes Victoria Wellington Arch Wellington Monument Whittington Wilde Duke of York Column War memorials Pre - C20 Animals in War Crimean War Gurkhas ( 1816 -- ) Marble Arch New Zealand Campaign ( 1863 -- 1864 ) Siege of Cádiz Westminster School Boer Wars 61st Battery Royal Field Artillery ( Woolwich ) Barnet Boys School Royal Artillery ( The Mall ) Royal Marines WWI WWII 24th East Surrey Division Africa and the Caribbean Australia Baltic Exchange Battle of Britain Belgium Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red Bromley Parish Church Canada Cavalry The Cenotaph Chindits Chingford Chipping Barnet Civil Service Rifles Cockfosters Croydon La Délivrance Eagle Squadrons East Barnet Enfield Town ( 3 memorials ) Finchley Flanders Fields Memorial Garden Fleet Air Arm Fulham Golders Green Great Eastern Railway Great Western Railway Guards Division Hampstead Hampton Wick Hendon Holocaust Hornsey Imperial Camel Corps Islington Kindertransport Lincoln 's Inn London and North Western Railway London , Brighton and South Coast Railway London Troops Machine Gun Corps Malta Memorial Gates Merchant Navy Monken Hadley New Barnet New Zealand Paddington Poland Poplar Rainham Rifle Brigade Royal Air Force RAF Bomber Command Royal Artillery Royal Fusiliers Royal Naval Division Royal Tank Regiment St Michael , Cornhill Silvertown South Africa ( Richmond ) South Suburban Gas Company Southwark Submarines Women of World War II Wood Green Post-WWII Victims of Communism Korean War Iraq and Afghanistan Fountains Buxton Memorial Diana , Princess of Wales Memorial Diana Fountain , Bushy Park Diana Fountain , Green Park Fawcett Memorial The Horses of Helios Guilford Place Matilda Fountain Revolving Torsion Roehampton St Lawrence Jewry and St Mary Magdalene Shaftesbury Memorial ( `` Eros '' ) Lady Henry Somerset Memorial Victoria Park Murals Brixton Cable Street Poplar Rates Rebellion Sutton twin towns Sutton Heritage Mosaic Other works ArcelorMittal Orbit The Arch 1979 -- 1980 Atalanta The Barbican Muse Bellerophon Taming Pegasus Big 4 Boadicea and Her Daughters Bull The Burghers of Calais Christ Child Crystal Palace Dinosaurs The Diver Dolphin lamp standards Dragon boundary marks Draped Seated Woman 1957 -- 58 Elfin Oak Fourth plinth , Trafalgar Square Fulcrum The Gold Smelters Homage to Leonardo Horse and Rider Icarus Knife Edge Two Piece 1962 -- 65 Labyrinth Large Standing Figure ( Knife Edge ) London Noses London Pride The Messenger Millennium Dial The Naked Ladies The Neighbours Nike Old Father Time Paternoster Paternoster Vents Physical Energy Piscator Platforms Piece Putney Sculpture Trail Quantum Cloud The Queen 's Beasts Rush of Green St Paul 's Cross Single Form ( Memorial ) A Slice of Reality Slipstream South Bank Lion Still Water Traffic Light Tree Winged Figure World Cup Sculpture The Young Lovers Three Standing Figures 1947 Talking Statues Works formerly in London Blue plaques Camden Kensington and Chelsea City of Westminster By borough City of Westminster Hyde Park Kensington Gardens ( partly in Kensington and Chelsea ) Paddington St Marylebone Architectural sculpture City of London ( not a London borough ) Barking and Dagenham Barnet Bexley Brent Bromley Camden Croydon Ealing Enfield Greenwich Hackney Hammersmith and Fulham Haringey Harrow Havering Hillingdon Hounslow Islington Kensington and Chelsea Kingston Lambeth Lewisham Merton Newham Redbridge Richmond Southwark Sutton Tower Hamlets Waltham Forest Wandsworth Organisations Art on the Underground London Mural Preservation Society Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association Statues in London on Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blood_Swept_Lands_and_Seas_of_Red&oldid=805615800 '' Categories : 2014 in art 2014 in London British contemporary works of art Centenary of the outbreak of World War I Installation art works Monuments and memorials in London Outdoor sculptures in London Papaver Tower of London World War I memorials in the United Kingdom Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from May 2015 Coordinates on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Edit links This page was last edited on 16 October 2017 , at 15 : 06 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: who made the poppies at tower of london


Inner core - wikipedia Inner core Jump to : navigation , search For the cores of other planetary bodies , see Planetary core . For a broader coverage related to this topic , see Earth core . The internal structure of Earth The Earth 's inner core is the Earth 's innermost part . It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 kilometres ( 760 miles ) , which is about 70 % of the Moon 's radius . It is composed of an iron -- nickel alloy and some other elements . The temperature at the inner core 's surface is approximately 5,700 K ( 5,430 ° C ) , which is about the temperature at the surface of the Sun . Contents ( hide ) 1 Discovery 2 Composition 3 Temperature and pressure 4 Dynamics 5 History 6 See also 7 References Discovery ( edit ) The Earth was discovered to have a solid inner core distinct from its molten outer core in 1936 , by the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann , who deduced its presence by studying seismograms from earthquakes in New Zealand . She observed that the seismic waves reflect off the boundary of the inner core and can be detected by sensitive seismographs on the Earth 's surface . This boundary is known as the Bullen discontinuity , or sometimes as the Lehmann discontinuity . A few years later , in 1940 , it was hypothesized that this inner core was made of solid iron ; its rigidity was confirmed in 1971 . The outer core was determined to be molten from observations showing that compressional waves pass through it , but elastic shear waves do not -- or do so only very weakly . The solidity of the inner core had been difficult to establish because the elastic shear waves that are expected to pass through a solid mass are very weak and difficult for seismographs on the Earth 's surface to detect , since they become so attenuated on their way from the inner core to the surface by their passage through the liquid outer core . Dziewonski and Gilbert established that measurements of normal modes of vibration of Earth caused by large earthquakes were consistent with a liquid outer core . It has recently been claimed that shear waves have been detected passing through the inner core ; these claims were initially controversial , but are now gaining acceptance . Composition ( edit ) Based on the relative prevalence of various chemical elements in the Solar System , the theory of planetary formation , and constraints imposed or implied by the chemistry of the rest of the Earth 's volume , the inner core is believed to consist primarily of a nickel - iron alloy . Pure iron was found to be denser than the core by approximately 3 % , implying the presence of light elements in the core ( e.g. silicon , oxygen , sulfur ) in addition to the probable presence of nickel . Further , if the primordial and mostly fluid ( still forming ) earth contained any significant mass ( es ) of elements denser than iron and nickel , namely the white ( appearance ) precious metals ( and a few others ) except silver , specifically the siderophile elements then these would necessarily have differentiated to the very center of the core into concentric nested spheres by Planetary differentiation . The most dense ( and stable , i.e. platinum , iridium , and osmium , ( etc . ) in order of density ) of these forming the innermost spheroid ( s ) . While unstable elements of such trans - iron / nickel density would have mostly decayed to iron / nickel / lead by the time the earth formed a discrete core . See also : Densities of the elements ( data page ) It then necessarily follows that all , or almost all , of these denser elements we have mined ( or are even able to ) at the surface ( or near surface , or even at all `` above '' the core ) have been delivered later as part of impact objects / masses . Temperature and pressure ( edit ) The temperature of the inner core can be estimated by considering both the theoretical and the experimentally demonstrated constraints on the melting temperature of impure iron at the pressure which iron is under at the boundary of the inner core ( about 330 GPa ) . These considerations suggest that its temperature is about 5,700 K ( 5,400 ° C ; 9,800 ° F ) . The pressure in the Earth 's inner core is slightly higher than it is at the boundary between the outer and inner cores : it ranges from about 330 to 360 gigapascals ( 3,300,000 to 3,600,000 atm ) . Iron can be solid at such high temperatures only because its melting temperature increases dramatically at pressures of that magnitude ( see the Clausius -- Clapeyron relation ) . A report published in the journal Science concludes that the melting temperature of iron at the inner core boundary is 6230 ± 500 K . Dynamics ( edit ) The Earth 's inner core is thought to be slowly growing as the liquid outer core at the boundary with the inner core cools and solidifies due to the gradual cooling of the Earth 's interior ( about 100 degrees Celsius per billion years ) . Many scientists had initially expected that the inner core would be found to be homogeneous , because the solid inner core was originally formed by a gradual cooling of molten material , and continues to grow as a result of that same process . Even though it is growing into liquid , it is solid , due to the very high pressure that keeps it compacted together even if the temperature is extremely high . It was even suggested that Earth 's inner core might be a single crystal of iron . However , this prediction was disproved by observations indicating that in fact there is a degree of disorder within the inner core . Seismologists have found that the inner core is not completely uniform , but instead contains large - scale structures such that seismic waves pass more rapidly through some parts of the inner core than through others . In addition , the properties of the inner core 's surface vary from place to place across distances as small as 1 km . This variation is surprising , since lateral temperature variations along the inner - core boundary are known to be extremely small ( this conclusion is confidently constrained by magnetic field observations ) . Recent discoveries suggest that the solid inner core itself is composed of layers , separated by a transition zone about 250 to 400 km thick . If the inner core grows by small frozen sediments falling onto its surface , then some liquid can also be trapped in the pore spaces and some of this residual fluid may still persist to some small degree in much of its interior . Because the inner core is not rigidly connected to the Earth 's solid mantle , the possibility that it rotates slightly faster or slower than the rest of Earth has long been entertained . In the 1990s , seismologists made various claims about detecting this kind of super-rotation by observing changes in the characteristics of seismic waves passing through the inner core over several decades , using the aforementioned property that it transmits waves faster in some directions . Estimates of this super-rotation are around one degree of extra rotation per year . Growth of the inner core is thought to play an important role in the generation of Earth 's magnetic field by dynamo action in the liquid outer core . This occurs mostly because it can not dissolve the same amount of light elements as the outer core and therefore freezing at the inner core boundary produces a residual liquid that contains more light elements than the overlying liquid . This causes it to become buoyant and helps drive convection of the outer core . The existence of the inner core also changes the dynamic motions of liquid in the outer core as it grows and may help fix the magnetic field since it is expected to be a great deal more resistant to flow than the outer core liquid ( which is expected to be turbulent ) . Speculation also continues that the inner core might have exhibited a variety of internal deformation patterns . This may be necessary to explain why seismic waves pass more rapidly in some directions than in others . Because thermal convection alone appears to be improbable , any buoyant convection motions will have to be driven by variations in composition or abundance of liquid in its interior . S. Yoshida and colleagues proposed a novel mechanism whereby deformation of the inner core can be caused by a higher rate of freezing at the equator than at polar latitudes , and S. Karato proposed that changes in the magnetic field might also deform the inner core slowly over time . There is an East -- West asymmetry in the inner core seismological data . There is a model which explains this by differences at the surface of the inner core -- melting in one hemisphere and crystallization in the other . The western hemisphere of the inner core may be crystallizing , whereas the eastern hemisphere may be melting . This may lead to enhanced magnetic field generation in the crystallizing hemisphere , creating the asymmetry in the Earth 's magnetic field . History ( edit ) Main article : History of the Earth Based on rates of cooling of the core , it is estimated that the current solid inner core started solidifying approximately 0.5 to 2 billion years ago out of a fully molten core ( which formed just after planetary formation ) . If true , this would mean that the Earth 's solid inner core is not a primordial feature that was present during the planet 's formation , but a feature younger than the Earth ( the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old ) . See also ( edit ) The Wikibook Historical Geology has a page on the topic of : Structure of the Earth Geodynamics Iron meteorite Structure of the Earth Travel to the Earth 's center References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Monnereau , Marc ; Calvet , Marie ; Margerin , Ludovic ; Souriau , Annie ( May 21 , 2010 ) . `` Lopsided Growth of Earth 's Inner Core '' . Science . 328 ( 5981 ) : 1014 -- 1017 . Bibcode : 2010Sci ... 328.1014 M . doi : 10.1126 / science. 1186212 . PMID 20395477 Jump up ^ E.R. Engdahl ; E.A. Flynn & R.P. Massé ( 1974 ) . `` Differential PkiKP travel times and the radius of the core '' . Geophys . J.R. Astron . Soc. 40 ( 3 ) : 457 -- 463 . Bibcode : 1974GeoJI ... 39 ... 457E . doi : 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 246X. 1974. tb05467. x . ^ Jump up to : D. Alfè ; M. Gillan & G.D. Price ( January 30 , 2002 ) . `` Composition and temperature of the Earth 's core constrained by combining ab initio calculations and seismic data '' ( PDF ) . Earth and Planetary Science Letters . Elsevier . 195 ( 1 -- 2 ) : 91 -- 98 . Bibcode : 2002E&PSL. 195 ... 91A . doi : 10.1016 / S0012 - 821X ( 01 ) 00568 - 4 . Jump up ^ Edmond A. Mathez , ed. ( 2000 ) . EARTH : INSIDE AND OUT . American Museum of Natural History . Archived from the original on 2008 - 04 - 30 . Jump up ^ John C. Butler ( 1995 ) . `` Class Notes -- The Earth 's Interior '' . Physical Geology Grade Book . University of Houston . Retrieved 30 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Although another discontinuity is named after Lehmann , this usage still can be found : see for example : Robert E Krebs ( 2003 ) . The basics of earth science . Greenwood Publishing Company . ISBN 0 - 313 - 31930 - 8 . , and From here to `` hevean , '' or the D layer , About.com Jump up ^ Lee , William H.K. ; Kanamori , Hiroo ; Jennings , Paul C. ; Kisslinger , Carl , eds. ( 2002 ) . International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology ; part A. Academic Press . p. 926 . ISBN 0 - 12 - 440652 - 1 . Jump up ^ William J. Cromie ( 1996 - 08 - 15 ) . `` Putting a New Spin on Earth 's Core '' . Harvard Gazette . Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 22 . Jump up ^ A.M. Dziewonski ; F. Gilbert ( 1971 - 12 - 24 ) . `` Solidity of the Inner Core of the Earth inferred from Normal Mode Observations '' . Nature . 234 ( 5330 ) : 465 -- 466 . Bibcode : 1971Natur. 234 ... 465D . doi : 10.1038 / 234465a0 . Jump up ^ Robert Roy Britt ( 2005 - 04 - 14 ) . `` Finally , a Solid Look at Earth 's Core '' . Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 22 . Jump up ^ Stixrude , Lars ; Wasserman , Evgeny ; Cohen , Ronald E. ( 1997 - 11 - 10 ) . `` Composition and temperature of Earth 's inner core '' . Journal of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth . 102 ( B11 ) : 24729 -- 24739 . Bibcode : 1997JGR ... 10224729S . doi : 10.1029 / 97JB02125 . ISSN 2156 - 2202 . Jump up ^ `` core -- National Geographic Society '' . Jump up ^ `` Earth 's Precious Metals Could Be From Meteorites and Asteroids '' . Jump up ^ David . R. Lide , ed. ( 2006 -- 2007 ) . CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics ( 87th ed . ) . pp. j14 -- 13 . Jump up ^ Anneli Aitta ( 2006 - 12 - 01 ) . `` Iron melting curve with a tricritical point '' . Journal of Statistical Mechanics : Theory and Experiment . iop. 2006 ( 12 ) : 12015 -- 12030 . arXiv : cond - mat / 0701283 . Bibcode : 2006JSMTE ... 12 ... 015A . doi : 10.1088 / 1742 - 5468 / 2006 / 12 / P12015. or see preprints https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0701283 , https://arxiv.org/pdf/0807.0187 . Jump up ^ S. Anzellini ; A. Dewaele ; M. Mezouar ; P. Loubeyre & G. Morard ( 2013 ) . `` Melting of Iron at Earth 's Inner Core Boundary Based on Fast X-ray Diffraction '' . Science . AAAS. 340 ( 6136 ) : 464 -- 466 . Bibcode : 2013Sci ... 340 ... 464A . doi : 10.1126 / science. 1233514 . Jump up ^ J.A. Jacobs ( 1953 ) . `` The Earth 's inner core '' . Nature . 172 ( 4372 ) : 297 -- 298 . Bibcode : 1953Natur. 172 ... 297J . doi : 10.1038 / 172297a0 . Jump up ^ Broad , William J. ( 1995 - 04 - 04 ) . `` The Core of the Earth May Be a Gigantic Crystal Made of Iron '' . NY Times . ISSN 0362 - 4331 . Retrieved 2010 - 12 - 21 . Jump up ^ Robert Sanders ( 1996 - 11 - 13 ) . `` Earth 's inner core not a monolithic iron crystal , say UC Berkeley seismologist '' . Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 22 . Jump up ^ Andrew Jephcoat ; Keith Refson ( 2001 - 09 - 06 ) . `` Earth science : Core beliefs '' . Nature . 413 ( 6851 ) : 27 -- 30 . Bibcode : 2001Natur. 413 ... 27J . doi : 10.1038 / 35092650 . PMID 11544508 . Jump up ^ Kazuro Hirahara ; Toshiki Ohtaki & Yasuhiro Yoshida ( 1994 ) . `` Seismic structure near the inner core - outer core boundary '' . Geophys . Res . Lett . American Geophysical Union . 51 ( 16 ) : 157 -- 160 . Bibcode : 1994GeoRL ... 21 ... 157K . doi : 10.1029 / 93GL03289 . Jump up ^ Aaurno , J.M. ; Brito , D. ; Olson , P.L. ( 1996 ) . `` Mechanics of inner core super-rotation '' . Geophysical Research Letters. 23 ( 23 ) : 3401 -- 3404 . Bibcode : 1996GeoRL ... 23.3401 A . doi : 10.1029 / 96GL03258 Jump up ^ Xu , Xiaoxia ; Song , Xiaodong ( 2003 ) . `` Evidence for inner core super-rotation from time - dependent differential PKP traveltimes observed at Beijing Seismic Network '' . Geophysical Journal International . 152 ( 3 ) : 509 -- 514 . Bibcode : 2003GeoJI. 152 ... 509X . doi : 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 246X. 2003.01852. x Jump up ^ G Poupinet ; R Pillet ; A Souriau ( 1983 ) . `` Possible heterogeneity of the Earth 's core deduced from PKIKP travel times '' . Nature . 305 : 204 -- 206 . Bibcode : 1983Natur. 305 ... 204P . doi : 10.1038 / 305204a0 . Jump up ^ T. Yukutake ( 1998 ) . `` Implausibility of thermal convection in the Earth 's solid inner core '' . Phys . Earth Planet . Inter. 108 ( 1 ) : 1 -- 13 . Bibcode : 1998PEPI ... 108 ... 1Y . doi : 10.1016 / S0031 - 9201 ( 98 ) 00097 - 1 . Jump up ^ S.I. Yoshida ; I. Sumita & M. Kumazawa ( 1996 ) . `` Growth model of the inner core coupled with the outer core dynamics and the resulting elastic anisotropy '' . Journal of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth . 101 : 28085 -- 28103 . Bibcode : 1996JGR ... 10128085Y . doi : 10.1029 / 96JB02700 . Jump up ^ S.I. Karato ( 1999 ) . `` Seismic anisotropy of the Earth 's inner core resulting from flow induced by Maxwell stresses '' . Nature . 402 ( 6764 ) : 871 -- 873 . Bibcode : 1999Natur. 402 ... 871K . doi : 10.1038 / 47235 . Jump up ^ Alboussière , T. ; Deguen , R. ; Melzani , M. ( 2010 ) . `` Melting - induced stratification above the Earth 's inner core due to convective translation '' . Nature . 466 ( 7307 ) : 744 -- 747 . arXiv : 1201.1201 . Bibcode : 2010Natur. 466 ... 744A . doi : 10.1038 / nature09257 . PMID 20686572 . Jump up ^ `` Figure 1 : East -- west asymmetry in inner - core growth and magnetic field generation . '' from Finlay , Christopher C. ( 2012 ) . `` Core processes : Earth 's eccentric magnetic field '' . Nature Geoscience. 5 : 523 -- 524 . Bibcode : 2012NatGe ... 5 ... 523F . doi : 10.1038 / ngeo1516 . Jump up ^ Labrosse , Stéphane ; Poirier , Jean - Paul ; Le Mouël , Jean - Louis ( 2001 - 08 - 15 ) . `` The age of the inner core '' . Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 190 ( 3 -- 4 ) : 111 -- 123 . Bibcode : 2001E&PSL. 190 ... 111L . doi : 10.1016 / S0012 - 821X ( 01 ) 00387 - 9 . ( hide ) Structure of the Earth Shells Crust Lithosphere Mesosphere Mantle Asthenosphere Lithospheric mantle Subcontinental lithospheric mantle Oceanic lithospheric mantle Outer core Inner core Discontinuities Conrad ( continental crust ) Mohorovičić ( crust -- mantle ) Lehmann ( upper mantle ) Gutenberg ( mantle -- core ) Lehmann ( core ) Arguments Plate tectonics Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inner_core&oldid=838408961 '' Categories : 1936 in science Structure of the Earth Hidden categories : Articles with inconsistent citation formats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2007 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Български Català Deutsch Eesti Español فارسی Français Galego 한국어 हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Magyar Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk nynorsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski தமிழ் Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 22 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 April 2018 , at 20 : 32 . About Wikipedia

Question: what is the inner core of the earth made from

an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements