Three - Fifths Compromise - wikipedia Three - Fifths Compromise Jump to : navigation , search The Three - Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached among state delegates during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention . Whether , and if so , how , slaves would be counted when determining a state 's total population for legislative representation and taxing purposes was important , as this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the United States House of Representatives for the next ten years . The compromise solution was to count 3 out of every 5 slaves as a person for this purpose . Its effect was to give the southern states a third more seats in Congress and a third more electoral votes than if slaves had been ignored , but fewer than if slaves and free persons had been counted equally , thus allowing the slaveholder interests to largely dominate the government of the United States until 1861 . The compromise was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman . Contents ( hide ) 1 Enactment 2 Impact before the Civil War 3 After the Civil War 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography Enactment ( edit ) Part of a series on Slavery Contemporary ( show ) Child labour Child soldiers Conscription Debt Forced marriage Bride buying Wife selling Forced prostitution Human trafficking Peonage Penal labour Sexual slavery Wage slavery Historical ( show ) Antiquity Ancient Rome Babylonia Ancient Greece Topics and practices Atlantic slave trade Middle Passage Arab slave trade Ghilman Mamluk Saqaliba Aztec Blackbirding Byzantine Empire Coolie Corvée labor Field slaves in the United States House slaves Kholop Medieval Europe Panyarring Thrall Serfs History Russia Slave market Slave raiding Child soldiers Naval Galley slave Impressment Pirates Shanghaiing Slave ship By country or region ( show ) Sub-Saharan Africa Contemporary Africa Slavery on the Barbary Coast Barbary slave trade Slave Coast Angola Chad Ethiopia Mali Mauritania Niger Somalia South Africa Sudan Seychelles North and South America Americas indigenous U.S. Natives Brazil Lei Áurea Canada Caribbean Barbados Code Noir Cuba Haiti revolt Restavek Latin America Puerto Rico Trinidad United States colonial maps female partus penal labor Slave codes interregional Human trafficking Virgin Islands Central , East , and South Asia Human trafficking in Southeast Asia Bhutan China Booi Aha Laogai India Debt bondage Chukri System Japan comfort women South Korea Yankee princess North Korea Vietnam Australia and Oceania Blackbirding in Australia Human trafficking in Australia Slave raiding in Easter Island Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea Blackbirding in Polynesia Europe and North Asia Sex trafficking in Europe Britain Denmark Dutch Republic Germany in World War II Malta Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Spain colonies Sweden North Africa and West Asia Iran Libya Human trafficking in the Middle East Ottoman Empire Yemen Religion ( show ) Bible Christianity Catholicism Mormonism Islam 21st century Judaism Bahá'í Faith Opposition and resistance ( show ) Timeline Abolitionism U.K. U.S. Anti-Slavery International Blockade of Africa U.K. U.S. Colonization Liberia Sierra Leone Compensated emancipation Freedman manumission Freedom suit Abolitionists Slave Power Underground Railroad songs Slave rebellion Slave Trade Acts International law 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution Related ( show ) Common law Indentured servitude Unfree labour Fugitive slaves laws Great Dismal Swamp maroons List of slaves owners Slave narrative films songs Slave name Slave catcher Slave patrol Slave Route Project Treatment in U.S. breeding court cases Washington Jefferson Adams Lincoln 40 acres Freedmen 's Bureau bit Emancipation Day The Convention had unanimously accepted the principle that representation in the House of Representatives would be in proportion to the relative state populations . However , since slaves could not vote , leaders in slave states would thus have the benefit of increased representation in the House and the Electoral College . Delegates opposed to slavery proposed that only free inhabitants of each state be counted for apportionment purposes , while delegates supportive of slavery , on the other hand , opposed the proposal , wanting slaves to count in their actual numbers . The compromise that was finally agreed upon -- of counting `` all other persons '' as only three - fifths of their actual numbers -- reduced the representation of the slave states relative to the original proposals , but improved it over the Northern position . An inducement for slave states to accept the Compromise was its tie to taxation in the same ratio , so that the burden of taxation on the slave states was also reduced . The Three - Fifths Compromise is found in Article 1 , Section 2 , Clause 3 of the United States Constitution , which reads : Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union , according to their respective Numbers , which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons , including those bound to Service for a Term of Years , and excluding Indians not taxed , three fifths of all other Persons . The three - fifths ratio originated with a 1783 amendment proposed to the Articles of Confederation . The amendment was to have changed the basis for determining the wealth of each state , and hence its tax obligations , from real estate to population , as a measure of ability to produce wealth . The proposal by a committee of the Congress had suggested that taxes `` shall be supplied by the several colonies in proportion to the number of inhabitants of every age , sex , and quality , except Indians not paying taxes '' . The South immediately objected to this formula since it would include slaves , who were viewed primarily as property , in calculating the amount of taxes to be paid . As Thomas Jefferson wrote in his notes on the debates , the southern states would be taxed `` according to their numbers and their wealth conjunctly , while the northern would be taxed on numbers only '' . After proposed compromises of one - half by Benjamin Harrison of Virginia and three - fourths by several New Englanders failed to gain sufficient support , Congress finally settled on the three - fifths ratio proposed by James Madison . But this amendment ultimately failed , falling two states short of the unanimous approval required for amending the Articles of Confederation ( only New Hampshire and New York were opposed ) . A contentious issue at the 1787 Constitutional Convention was whether slaves would be counted as part of the population in determining representation of the states in the Congress or would instead be considered property and , as such , not be considered for purposes of representation . Delegates from states with a large population of slaves argued that slaves should be considered persons in determining representation , but as property if the new government were to levy taxes on the states on the basis of population . Delegates from states where slavery had become rare argued that slaves should be included in taxation , but not in determining representation . The proposed ratio was , however , a ready solution to the impasse that arose during the Constitutional Convention . In that situation , the alignment of the contending forces was the reverse of what had obtained under the Articles of Confederation . In amending the Articles , the North wanted slaves to count for more than the South did because the objective was to determine taxes paid by the states to the federal government . In the Constitutional Convention , the more important issue was representation in Congress , so the South wanted slaves to count for more than the North did . Much has been said of the impropriety of representing men who have no will of their own ... They are men , though degraded to the condition of slavery . They are persons known to the municipal laws of the states which they inhabit , as well as to the laws of nature . But representation and taxation go together ... Would it be just to impose a singular burden , without conferring some adequate advantage ? -- Alexander Hamilton Impact before the Civil War ( edit ) The Three - Fifths Compromise gave a disproportionate representation of slave states in the House of Representatives relative to the voters in free states until the American Civil War . In 1793 , for example , Southern slave states had 47 of the 105 members but would have had 33 , had seats been assigned based on free populations . In 1812 , slave states had 76 out of 143 instead of the 59 they would have had ; in 1833 , 98 out of 240 instead of 73 . As a result , Southern states had disproportionate influence on the presidency , the speakership of the House , and the Supreme Court in the period prior to the Civil War . Along with this must be considered the number of slave and free states , which remained mostly equal until 1850 , safeguarding the Southern bloc in the Senate as well as Electoral College votes . Historian Garry Wills has postulated that without the additional slave state votes , Jefferson would have lost the presidential election of 1800 . Also , `` slavery would have been excluded from Missouri ... Jackson 's Indian removal policy would have failed ... the Wilmot Proviso would have banned slavery in territories won from Mexico ... the Kansas - Nebraska bill would have failed . '' While the Three - Fifths Compromise could be seen to favor Southern states because of their large slave populations , for example , the Connecticut Compromise tended to favor the Northern states ( which were generally smaller ) . Support for the new Constitution rested on the balance of these sectional interests . After the Civil War ( edit ) Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment ( 1868 ) later superseded Article 1 , Section 2 , Clause 3 and explicitly repealed the compromise . It provides that `` representatives shall be apportioned ... counting the whole number of persons in each State , excluding Indians not taxed . '' A later provision of the same clause reduced the Congressional representation of states who denied the right to vote to adult male citizens , but this provision was never effectively enforced . ( The Thirteenth Amendment , passed in 1865 , had already eliminated almost all persons from the original clause 's jurisdiction by banning slavery ; the only remaining persons subject to it were those sentenced for a crime to penal servitude , which the amendment excluded from the ban . ) After the Reconstruction Era came to an end in 1877 , however , the former slave states subverted the objective of these changes by using various strategies to disenfranchise their black citizens , while obtaining the benefit of apportionment of representatives on the basis of the total populations . These measures effectively gave white Southerners even greater voting power than they had in the antebellum era , inflating the number of Southern Democrats in the House of Representatives as well as the number of votes they could exercise in the Electoral College in the election of the president . The disenfranchisement of black citizens eventually attracted the attention of Congress , and in 1900 some members proposed stripping the South of seats , related to the number of people who were barred from voting . In the end , Congress did not act to change apportionment , largely because of the power of the Southern bloc . The Southern bloc comprised Southern Democrats voted into office by white voters and constituted a powerful voting bloc in Congress until the 1960s . Their representatives , re-elected repeatedly by one - party states , controlled numerous chairmanships of important committees in both houses on the basis of seniority , giving them control over rules , budgets and important patronage projects , among other issues . Their power allowed them to defeat federal legislation against racial violence and abuses in the South . See also ( edit ) United States portal Section 127 of the Australian Constitution , excluding Aboriginal people from the census for purposes of determining allocation of seats in Parliament ; repealed in 1967 . Slave Trade Acts References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` We Hold These Truths to be Self - evident ; '' An Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Roots of Racism & slavery in America Kenneth N. Addison ; Introduction p. xxii Jump up ^ Paul Finkelman , `` How The Proslavery Constitution Led To The Civil War '' , Rutgers Law Journal Volume 43 Fall / Winter 2013 Number 3 , p405 Jump up ^ Wills pg. 51 Jump up ^ Hannis Taylor ( 1911 ) . The Origin and Growth of the American Constitution : An Historical Treatise . Houghton Mifflin Company . p. 131 . Jump up ^ Wills pp. 51 -- 52 Jump up ^ Wills pg 53 . Jump up ^ Jonathan Elliot , ed. ( 1866 ) . The Debates In The Several State Conventions On The Adoption Of The Federal Constitution , As Recommended By The General Convention At Philadelphia , In 1787 . J.B. Lippincott & Co . Washington : Taylor & Maury . p. 237 . ^ Jump up to : Wills pp. 5 -- 6 . Jump up ^ Banning , Lance ( August 31 , 2004 ) . `` Three - Fifths Historian '' . The Claremont Institute . Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 21 . Jump up ^ Friedman , Walter ( January 1 , 2006 ) . `` Fourteenth Amendment '' . Encyclopedia of African - American Culture and History . -- via HighBeam Research ( subscription required ) . Retrieved June 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Committee At Odds on Reapportionment , The New York Times , December 20 , 1900 , accessed March 10 , 2008 Jump up ^ Richard H. Pildes , `` Democracy , Anti-Democracy , and the Canon '' , Constitutional Commentary , Vol. 17 , 2000 , p. 10 , accessed 10 Mar 2008 Bibliography ( edit ) Wills , Garry ( 2003 ) . `` Negro President '' : Jefferson and the Slave Power . Boston : Houghton Mifflin . ISBN 0 - 618 - 34398 - 9 . Walton , Hanes , Jr. ; Smith , Robert C. ( 2006 ) . American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom ( 3rd ed . ) . New York : Pearson Longman . ISBN 0 - 321 - 29237 - 5 . Wiencek , Henry ( 2004 ) . An Imperfect God : George Washington , His Slaves , and the Creation of America . New York : Farrar , Straus , and Giroux . ISBN 0 - 374 - 52951 - 5 . Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice ( hide ) United States Constitution Articles Preamble II III IV V VI VII Amendments Ratified Bill of Rights 5 6 7 8 9 10 Others 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Pending Congressional Apportionment Titles of Nobility Corwin Amendment Child Labor Repealed Eighteenth Amendment Unsuccessful Equal Rights District of Columbia Voting Rights List of Amendments Bill of Rights ( Amendments 1 -- 10 ) Reconstruction Amendments ( Amendments 13 -- 15 ) Amendment proposals in Congress Convention to propose amendments State ratifying conventions Formation History Articles of Confederation Mount Vernon Conference Annapolis Convention Philadelphia Convention Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Connecticut Compromise Three - Fifths Compromise Committee of Detail Signing Independence Hall Syng inkstand The Federalist Papers Anti-Federalist Papers Massachusetts Compromise Virginia Ratifying Convention Hillsborough Convention Rhode Island ratification Drafting and ratification timeline Clauses Appointments Appropriations Assistance of Counsel Bills of credit Case or Controversy Citizenship Commerce Compact Compulsory Process Confrontation Congressional enforcement Contract Copyright and Patent Double Jeopardy Due Process Equal Protection Establishment Exceptions Excessive Bail Ex post facto Extradition Free Exercise Free Speech Fugitive Slave Full Faith and Credit General Welfare Guarantee Impeachment Import - Export Ineligibility Militia Natural - born citizen Necessary and Proper New States No Religious Test Oath or Affirmation Origination Petition Postal Presentment Privileges and Immunities Privileges or Immunities Recess appointment Recommendation Self - Incrimination Speech or Debate Speedy Trial State of the Union Supremacy Suspension Take Care Takings Taxing and Spending Territorial Title of Nobility Treaty Trial by Jury Vesting Vicinage War Powers List of clauses Interpretation Concurrent powers Constitutional law Criminal procedure Criminal sentencing Dormant Commerce Clause Enumerated powers Equal footing Executive privilege Incorporation of the Bill of Rights Judicial review Nondelegation doctrine Preemption Saxbe fix Separation of church and state Separation of powers Taxation power Unitary executive theory Display and legacy National Archives Charters of Freedom Rotunda Independence Mall Constitution Day Constitution Gardens National Constitution Center Scene at the Signing of the Constitution ( painting ) A More Perfect Union ( film ) Worldwide influence US Government Portal Law Portal Wikipedia book Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Three-Fifths_Compromise&oldid=835856485 '' Categories : Drafting of the United States Constitution Slavery in the United States History of African - American civil rights History of the United States ( 1776 -- 89 ) 1787 in the United States 1787 in American politics Hidden categories : Subscription required using via Pages containing links to subscription - only content Use mdy dates from May 2016 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009 All articles with failed verification Articles with failed verification from September 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Dansk Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Português 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 11 April 2018 , at 05 : 35 . 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Question: where was the 3/5 compromise originally stated in the constitution


Hansen ( surname ) - wikipedia Hansen ( surname ) Jump to : navigation , search Hansen or Hanssen ( Danish pronunciation : ( ˈhænsn̩ ) ) is a Scandinavian patronymic surname , meaning son of Hans . As of 2008 , it is the third most common surname in Denmark , shared by 4.3 % of the population . As of 2000 , Hansen is the single most common surname in Norway , not counting spelling variations such as Hanssen , which are also quite common . In the Faroe Islands Hansen is the second most common surname , while in the North German federal states of Schleswig - Holstein and Hamburg Hansen is the third and fifth most common surname , respectively . In Sweden the parallel form is Hansson . The frequent occurrences of Hansen as a surname outside Denmark , Norway and Schleswig - Holstein is due to immigration , though Nordic immigrants to English - speaking countries often anglicised their names to Hanson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules . Contents ( hide ) 1 Notable people 1.1 Arts and entertainment 1.2 Politics 1.3 Science 1.4 Sport 1.5 Other 2 References 3 See also Notable people ( edit ) Notable people with the surname include : Arts and entertainment ( edit ) Aime Hansen ( born 1962 ) , Estonian poet , writer , and artist Al Hansen ( 1927 -- 1995 ) , American artist Andrew Hansen ( 1974 -- ) , Australian comedian Anna Hansen , Canadian chef Asta Hansen ( 1914 -- 1962 ) , Danish stage and film actress Beck Hansen , also known as Beck ( 1970 -- ) , American musician , songwriter Betsy Hansen ( dates unknown ) , woman who charged actor Errol Flynn with statutory rape in 1942 B. Andreas Bull - Hansen ( 1972 -- ) , Norwegian fantasy writer and former championship weightlifter Carl G.O. Hansen ( 1871 -- 1960 ) , Norwegian - American journalist , musician and author Carl William Hansen ( 1872 -- 1936 ) , Danish author Chris Hansen , American journalist Christian Frederik Hansen ( 1756 -- 1845 ) , Danish architect Constantin Hansen ( 1804 -- 1880 ) , Danish artist Courtney Hansen ( contemporary ) , American model and television personality C. & V. Hansen ( 1906 -- 2001 & 1900 -- 1992 ) , Danish comics authors Dinah - Jane Hansen ( born 1996 ) , Singer of Female American group Fifth Harmony David Hansen ( actor ) ( contemporary ) , actor , director , and playwright Derek Hansen ( contemporary ) , Australian writer Erhardine Adolphine Hansen ( 1815 -- 1893 ) , Danish actress Erik Hansen ( 1927 -- 2016 ) , Danish architect Erik Fosnes Hansen ( 1965 -- ) , Norwegian author Gunnar Hansen ( 1947 -- 2015 ) , Icelandic - American actor Ib Hansen , pseudonym of Austrian poet H.C. Artmann ( 1921 -- 2000 ) Henriette Hansen , Norwegian ballerina , singer and actor Joachim Hansen ( actor ) ( 1930 -- ) , German actor Johannes Hansen ( sculptor ) ( 1903 -- 1995 ) , Danish sculptor Joseph Hansen ( writer ) ( 1923 -- 2004 ) , author Joseph Hansen ( dancer ) ( 1842 -- 1907 ) , Belgian dancer Kai Hansen ( 1963 -- ) , German power metal musician Liane Hansen ( contemporary ) , American radio journalist and radio show host Lisa M. Hansen an American producer , actress , assistant director , and writer Mary Hansen ( 1966 -- 2002 ) , Australian guitarist and singer Max Hansen ( tenor ) ( 1897 -- 1961 ) , Danish singer Peter Hansen ( actor ) ( 1921 -- 2017 ) , American actor Ron Hansen ( novelist ) ( 1947 -- ) , American novelist , essayist , and professor Politics ( edit ) Ann Hansen ( contemporary ) , Canadian anarchist and bomber Bernie Hansen ( contemporary ) , American politician in Chicago politics Clifford Hansen ( 1912 -- 2009 ) , American politician from Wyoming Colin Hansen ( contemporary ) , Canadian politician from British Columbia Connor Hansen , American jurist from Wisconsin Dave Hansen ( 1947 -- ) , American politician from Wisconsin Eva Kjer Hansen ( 1964 -- ) , Danish politician Flemming Hansen ( politician ) ( 1939 -- ) , Danish politician George V. Hansen ( 1930 -- ) , American politician from Idaho Glenna Hansen ( 1956 -- ) , Canadian Inuvialuit politician H.C. Hansen ( 1906 -- 1960 ) , Danish Prime Minister ( 1955 -- 1960 ) James V. Hansen ( 1932 -- ) , American politician from Utah Joseph Hansen ( socialist ) ( 1910 -- 1979 ) , American Trotskyist and leader of the American Socialist Workers Party Merle Hansen ( 1919 -- ) , American farmer , Founder of the North American Farm Alliance Peter Hansen ( UN ) ( 1941 -- ) , Danish UN official Robert W. Hansen , American jurist from Wisconsin Ron Hansen ( politician ) ( 1943 -- ) , Canadian politician from Ontario Stephanie Hansen ( 1961 -- ) , American politician from Delaware Urban Hansen ( 1908 -- 1986 ) , Danish politician Science ( edit ) Alvin Harvey Hansen ( 1887 -- 1975 ) American economist Emil Christian Hansen ( 1842 -- 1910 ) , Danish fermentation physiologist Gerhard Armauer Hansen ( 1841 -- 1912 ) , Norwegian physician , discover of the cause of leprosy Hans Jacob Hansen ( 1855 -- 1936 ) , Danish zoologist James E. Hansen ( 1941 -- ) , American climatologist Julie Vinter Hansen ( 1890 -- 1960 ) , Danish astronomer Per Brinch Hansen ( 1938 -- 2007 ) , Danish computer scientist Peter Andreas Hansen ( 1795 -- 1874 ) , Danish astronomer Thomas Blom Hansen ( born 22 January 1958 ) , Danish anthropologist W.W. Hansen ( 1909 -- 1949 ) , American physicist Sport ( edit ) Abraham Løkin Hansen ( 1959 -- ) , Faroese footballer ( né Hansen ) Adam Hansen ( 1981 -- ) , Australian road cyclist Adrian Hansen ( born 1971 ) , South African squash player Alan Hansen ( 1955 -- ) , Scottish footballer Ashia Hansen ( 1971 -- ) , British athlete , Olympic contestant Bob Hansen ( 1961 -- ) , American basketballer Brendan Hansen ( 1981 -- ) , American swimmer Craig Hansen ( 1983 -- ) , American professional baseball player Curt Hansen ( chess player ) ( 1964 -- ) , Danish chess grand master Dale Hansen ( 1948 -- ) , American sportscaster Dave Hansen ( baseball player ) , American baseball player Einar Hansen , Faroese soccer player Eric Hansen , Canadian chess player Erika Hansen ( 1970 -- ) , American swimmer Fred Hansen ( 1940 -- ) , 1964 Olympic Gold medalist and world record pole vaulter Jan Knobelauch Hansen ( 1971 -- ) , Danish athlete , Olympic contestant Jannik Hansen ( born 1986 ) , Danish Ice Hockey Player Joachim Hansen ( MMA ) ( 1979 -- ) , Norwegian Mixed martial artist Joan Hansen ( 1958 -- ) , American long - distance runner John Hansen ( footballer born 1924 ) , Danish footballer John Hansen ( footballer born 1950 ) , Scottish footballer Johnny Hansen ( footballer born 1943 ) , Danish footballer Kevin Hansen ( volleyball ) ( 1982 -- ) , American indoor volleyball player Martin Lundgaard Hansen ( 1972 -- ) , Danish badminton player , Olympic contestant Niels Jørgen Hansen , Danish darts player Nikolaj Hansen ( 1987 -- ) , Danish footballer Paul Snow - Hansen , New Zealand sailor Per Joar Hansen ( 1965 -- ) , Norwegian football coach Phil Hansen ( American football ) ( born 1968 ) , American former football player Rasmus Grønborg Hansen , Danish football ( soccer ) player Rick Hansen ( 1957 -- ) , Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Ron Hansen ( baseball ) ( 1938 -- ) , American professional baseball player Søren Hansen ( 1974 -- ) , Danish professional golfer Stan Hansen ( 1949 -- ) , American professional wrestler Sune Berg Hansen , Danish chess player Travis Hansen , American Basketball Player Trine Hansen ( 1973 -- ) , Danish rower Other ( edit ) Annika Hansen a fictional character from Star Trek : Voyager better known as Seven of Nine Elaine Tuttle Hansen ( contemporary ) , president of Bates College Georg Emil Hansen ( 1833 -- 1891 ) , Danish photographer Georg Hansen ( 1904 -- 1944 ) , German army officer Gesa Hansen ( born 1981 ) , German - Danish designer Gus Hansen ( 1974 -- ) , Danish professional poker player Helmer Hanssen ( 1870 -- 1956 ) , Norwegian polar explorer John Hansen ( judge ) ( 1945 -- ) , retired New Zealand judge Lars Peter Hansen ( 1952 -- ) , American economist and econometrician Matthew Hansen , Canadian screenwriter , author and editor Max Hansen ( SS officer ) ( 1908 -- 1990 ) Monica Hansen , Norwegian model Percy Howard Hansen ( 1890 -- 1951 ) , Danish recipient of the Victoria Cross Robert Hanssen ( 1944 -- ) , American FBI agent convicted of spying for Russia Sig Hansen ( 1966 -- ) , American Captain of the Seattle - based crab fishing boat Northwestern , featured in the documentary Deadliest Catch Theodore Marcus Hansen ( 1886 -- 1973 ) , Danish - American pastor , theologian , and churchman Theophil Freiherr von Hansen ( 1813 -- 1891 ) , Danish - Austrian architect References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Navne - Danmarks Statistik '' . dst.dk . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` Navn '' . SSB . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` Verteilung des Namens `` Hansen '' in Deutschland `` . verwandt.de . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` Danskernes Navne -- University of Copenhagen - Name Research Section '' . danskernesnavne.navneforskning.ku.dk . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 17 . See also ( edit ) Hansen ( disambiguation ) Hanson ( surname ) Henson Surname list This page lists people with the surname Hansen . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page , you may wish to change that link by adding the person 's given name ( s ) to the link . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hansen_(surname)&oldid=838457787 '' Categories : Surnames Germanic - language surnames Danish - language surnames Norwegian - language surnames Lists of people sharing a surname Patronymic surnames Hidden categories : Disambiguation pages with short description All set index articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Dansk Deutsch Føroyskt Íslenska Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Norsk Русский Scots Slovenščina Svenska Türkçe Українська 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 27 April 2018 , at 03 : 58 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: where does the last name hansen come from


Prime minister - wikipedia Prime minister Jump to : navigation , search most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system Prime ministers of the Nordic countries in 2014 . Part of the Politics series on Executive government Head of state Monarch Supreme leader President President of the Council of State Government Head of government Chancellor Chief executive Chief minister First minister Premier Prime minister President of the Council of Ministers Cabinet Cabinet collective responsibility Ministry Minister Secretary Other Governor Mayor Systems Monarchy ( Constitutional ) Republic ( Parliamentary ) Directorial Parliamentary ( Westminster ) Semi-parliamentary ( simul simul ) Semi-presidential ( cohabitational ) Presidential Lists National leaders National governments Heads of state and government Politics portal A prime minister , also known as a premier , is the head of a cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government , often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system . In many systems , the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet , and allocates posts to members within the government . In most systems , the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet . In a minority of systems , notably in semi-presidential systems of government , a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state . In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system , the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch . In such systems , the head of state or the head of state 's official representative ( often the monarch , president , or governor - general ) usually holds a largely ceremonial position , although often with reserve powers . The prime minister is often , but not always , a member of the Legislature or the Lower House thereof and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature . In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers ( known as the royal prerogative ) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament . As well as being head of government , a prime minister may have other roles or posts -- the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , for example , is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service . Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts . For example , during the Second World War , Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence ( although there was then no Ministry of Defence ) and in the current cabinet of Israel , Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications , Foreign Affairs , Regional Cooperation , Economy and Interior . Contents ( hide ) 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Origins 2.2 Development 2.3 Modern usage 3 In republics and in monarchies 4 Entry into office 5 Constitutional basis for the Position in Countries 6 Exit from office 7 Titles 8 Organisational structure 9 Description of the role 10 Lists of prime ministers 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading Etymology ( edit ) The term prime minister in its French form , premier ministre , is attested in 17th Century sources referring to Cardinal Richelieu after he was named to head the royal council in 1624 . The title was however informal and used alongside the equally informal principal ministre d'État ( `` chief minister of the state '' ) more as a job description . After 1661 , Louis XIV and his descendants refused to allow one of their ministers to be more important than the others , so the term was not in use . The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole . During the whole of the 18th Century , Britain was involved in a prolonged conflict with France , periodically bursting into all - out war , and Britons took outspoken pride in their `` Liberty '' as contrasted to the `` Tyranny '' of French Absolute Monarchy ; therefore , being implicitly compared with Richelieu was no compliment to Walpole . Over time , however , the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century . History ( edit ) See also : History of Parliamentarism Origins ( edit ) Further information : Chief Minister of England and Chief minister of France The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government . Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII ; William Cecil , Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I ; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne . These ministers held a variety of formal posts , but were commonly known as `` the minister '' , the `` chief minister '' , the `` first minister '' and finally the `` prime minister '' . The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch . Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office , they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power . Although there was a cabinet , it was appointed entirely by the monarch , and the monarch usually presided over its meetings . When the monarch grew tired of a first minister , he or she could be dismissed , or worse : Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour . Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful . Late in Anne 's reign , for example , the Tory ministers Harley and Viscount Bolingbroke shared power . Development ( edit ) The prime ministers of five members of the Commonwealth of Nations at the 1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers ' Conference . In the mid 17th century , after the English Civil War ( 1642 -- 1651 ) , Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689 . The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government . It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge . A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne . George spoke no English , spent much of his time at his home in Hanover , and had neither knowledge of , nor interest in , the details of English government . In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king 's first minister would become the de facto head of the government . From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole , who held office for twenty - one years . Walpole chaired cabinet meetings , appointed all the other ministers , dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters . Under Walpole , the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed . Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king , and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy , all ministers must defend it in public , or resign . As a later prime minister , Lord Melbourne , said , `` It matters not what we say , gentlemen , so long as we all say the same thing . '' Walpole always denied that he was `` prime minister '' , and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution . George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch , but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary . The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger ( 1783 -- 1801 ) , combined with the mental illness of George III , consolidated the power of the post . The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905 . The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the British Empire saw the British model of cabinet government , headed by a prime minister , widely copied , both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self - government . In some places alternative titles such as `` premier '' , `` chief minister '' , `` first minister of state '' , `` president of the council '' or `` chancellor '' were adopted , but the essentials of the office were the same . Modern usage ( edit ) By the late 20th century , the majority of the world 's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister , holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president . The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system , in which the president directly exercises executive authority . Bahrain 's prime minister , Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970 , making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister . In republics and in monarchies ( edit ) The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies ( such as Belgium , Denmark , Japan , Luxembourg , the Netherlands , Norway , Malaysia , Morocco , Spain , Sweden , Thailand , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom ) , and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official ( such as Finland , the Czech Republic , France , Greece , Hungary , India , Indonesia ( 1945 - 1959 ) , Ireland , Pakistan , Portugal , Montenegro , Croatia , Bulgaria , Romania , Serbia and Turkey ) . See also `` First Minister '' , `` Premier '' , `` Chief Minister '' , `` Chancellor '' , `` Taoiseach '' , `` Statsminister '' and `` Secretary of State '' : alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to , or translated as , `` prime minister '' . This contrasts with the presidential system , in which the president ( or equivalent ) is both the head of state and the head of the government . In some presidential and all semi-presidential systems , such as those of France , Russia or South Korea , the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service . The head of government of the People 's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) is also appointed by the president , but requires no approval by the legislature . Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either , but the parliament may force the resignation of the government . In these systems , it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president . When it arises , such a state of affairs is usually referred to as ( political ) cohabitation . Entry into office ( edit ) In parliamentary systems a prime minister may enter into office by several means . The head of state appoints a prime minister , of their personal choice : Example : France , where the President has the power to appoint the Prime Minister of their choice , though the National Assembly can force a government to resign , they can not nominate or appoint a new candidate . While in practice most prime ministers under the Westminster system ( including Australia , Canada , New Zealand , Malaysia , India and the United Kingdom ) are the leaders of the largest party or coalition in parliament , technically the appointment of the prime minister is a prerogative exercised by the head of state . The head of state appoints a prime minister who has a set timescale within which they must gain a vote of confidence : Example : Italy , Romania , Thailand The head of state appoints a prime minister from among the members of Parliament , who then has a set timescale within which they must form a cabinet , and receive the confidence of Parliament after presenting the Cabinet Composition and Legislative Program to Parliament : Example : Israel The head of state appoints the leader of the political party with the majority of the seats in the Parliament as Prime Minister , if no party has a majority then the leader of the party with a plurality of seats is given an exploratory mandate to receive the confidence of the parliament within three days , if this is not possible then the leader of the party with the second highest seat number is given the exploratory mandate , if this fails then the leader of the third largest party is given it and so on : Example : Greece , see Prime Minister of Greece The head of state nominates a candidate for prime minister who is then submitted to parliament for approval before appointment as prime minister : Example : Spain , where the King sends a nomination to parliament for approval . Also Germany where under the German Basic Law ( constitution ) the Bundestag votes on a candidate nominated by the federal president . In the Philippines under the 1973 Constitution as amended after martial law , the Prime Minister was elected by the Batasang Pambansâ ( Legislature ) upon nomination by the President . In these cases , parliament can choose another candidate who then would be appointed by the head of state ( or , in the case of the Philippines , outright elect that candidate ) . Parliament nominates a candidate who the head of state is then constitutionally obliged to appoint as prime minister : Example : Ireland , where the President appoints the Taoiseach on the nomination of Dáil Éireann . Also Japan . Election by the Legislature : Example : The Philippines under the unamended 1973 Constitution , where the prime minister was supposed to be elected by the Batasang Pambansâ ; these provisions were never used because the Philippines was under martial law at the time . Also Vanuatu . Direct election by popular vote : Example : Israel , 1996 -- 2001 , where the prime minister was elected in a general election , with no regard to political affiliation . Nomination by a state office holder other than the head of state or his / her representative : Example : Under the modern Swedish Instrument of Government , the power to appoint someone to form a government has been moved from the monarch to the Speaker of Parliament and the parliament itself . The speaker nominates a candidate , who is then elected to prime minister ( statsminister ) by the parliament if an absolute majority of the members of parliament does not vote no ( i.e. he can be elected even if more MP :s vote no than yes ) . Constitutional basis for the position in countries ( edit ) John A. Macdonald ( 1815 -- 1891 ) , first Canadian prime minister . The position , power and status of prime ministers differ depending on the age of the constitution . Australia 's constitution makes no mention of a Prime Minister of Australia and the office only exists by convention , based on the British model . Bangladesh 's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister , and also details the process of his / her appointment and dismissal . The People 's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People 's Congress in China . Premier read as ( Simplified Chinese : 总理 ; pinyin : Zŏnglĭ ) in Chinese . Canada 's constitution , being a ' mixed ' or hybrid constitution ( a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified ) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister , with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by `` convention '' . In the Constitution Act , 1982 , passing reference to a `` Prime Minister of Canada '' is added , though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers . Czech Republic 's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic , and also details the process of his / her appointment and dismissal . France 's constitution ( 1958 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of France . Germany 's Basic Law ( 1949 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the federal chancellor . Greece 's constitution ( 1975 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Greece . Hungary 's constitution ( 2012 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Hungary . India 's constitution ( 1950 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of India . In India , the Prime Ministerial candidate must be a member of parliament either Lok Sabha ( Lower House ) or Rajya Sabha ( Upper House ) . No parliamentary vote takes place on who is forming a government . Ireland 's constitution ( 1937 ) , provides for the office of Taoiseach in detail , listing powers , functions and duties . Italy 's constitution ( 1948 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the President of the Council of Ministers . Japan 's constitution ( 1946 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Japan . The Republic of Korea 's constitution ( 1987 ) sections 86 - 87 list the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea . Malta 's constitution ( 1964 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Malta . Malaysia 's constitution ( 1957 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Malaysia . Norway 's constitution ( 1814 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Norway Pakistan 's constitution ( 1973 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Pakistan . Spain 's constitution ( 1978 ) regulates the appointment , dismissal , powers , functions and duties of the President of the Government . Thailand 's constitution ( 1932 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Thailand . Taiwan 's constitution ( 1946 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the President of the Executive Yuan . The United Kingdom 's constitution , being uncodified and largely unwritten , makes no mention of a prime minister . Though it had de facto existed for centuries , its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century . Accordingly , it is often said `` not to exist '' , indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case . The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office , either First Lord of the Treasury ( office in commission ) , or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer ( the last of whom was Balfour in 1905 ) . : However as the government will have to outline its legislative programme to parliament in , for example , the Speech from the Throne , the speech is sometimes used to test parliamentary support . A defeat of the Speech is taken to mean a loss of confidence and so requires either a new draft , resignation , or a request for a dissolution of parliament . Until the early 20th century governments when defeated in a general election remained in power until their Speech from the Throne was defeated and then resigned . No government has done so for one hundred years , though Edward Heath in 1974 did delay his resignation while he explored whether he could form a government with Liberal party support . In such systems unwritten ( and unenforceable ) constitutional conventions often outline the order in which people are asked to form a government . If the prime minister resigns after a general election , the monarch usually asks the leader of the opposition to form a government . Where however a resignation occurs during a parliament session ( unless the government has itself collapsed ) the monarch will ask another member of the government to form a government . While previously the monarch had some leeway in whom to ask , all British political parties now elect their leaders ( until 1965 the Conservatives chose their leader by informal consultation ) . The last time the monarch had a choice over the appointment occurred in 1963 when the Earl of Home was asked to become Prime Minister ahead of Rab Butler . During the period between the time it is clear that the incumbent government has been defeated at a general election , and the actual swearing - in of the new prime minister by the monarch , governor - general , or president , that person is referred to as the `` prime minister - elect '' or `` prime minister - designate '' . Neither term is strictly correct from a constitutional point of view , but they have wide acceptance . In a situation in which a ruling party elects or appoints a new leader , the incoming leader will usually be referred as `` prime minister - in - waiting '' . An example or this situation was in 2016 in the United Kingdom when Theresa May was elected leader of the Conservative Party while David Cameron was still prime minister . Ukraine 's constitution ( 1996 ) lists the powers , functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Ukraine . Exit from office ( edit ) Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments . For example , Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion , in 1979 . She remained continuously in power until 1990 , though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet . Some states , however , do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament . Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally ' renominated ' after every general election . ( Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution , which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office , without the requirement of a renomination , unless s / he has clearly lost the general election . ) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament . In parliamentary systems , governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament ( though a small minority of parliaments , by giving a right to block supply to upper houses , in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses , though in reality upper houses , even when they have the power , rarely exercise it ) . Where they lose a vote of confidence , have a motion of no confidence passed against them , or where they lose supply , most constitutional systems require either : a letter of resignation or a request for parliamentary dissolution . The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate . However , in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution , requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government . In most modern parliamentary systems , the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution . Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet . In the United Kingdom , for example , the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918 . Prior to then , it was the entire government that made the request . Similarly , though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request , the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council ( the then name for the Irish cabinet ) . In Australia , the Prime Minister is expected to step down if s / he loses the majority support of his / her party under a spill motion as have many such as Tony Abbott , Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd . Titles ( edit ) In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach ( which is rendered into English as prime minister ) , and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning `` head of the government '' . In many cases , though commonly used , `` prime minister '' is not the official title of the office - holder ; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government ( Presidente del Gobierno ) . Other common forms include president of the council of ministers ( for example in Italy , Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri ) , President of the Executive Council , or Minister - President . In the Nordic countries the prime minister is called Statsminister , meaning `` Minister of State '' . In federations , the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier , chief minister , governor or minister - president . The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government `` prime minister '' ( sometimes modified to the equivalent term of `` premier '' ) except in the cases where the head of state and head of government are fused into one position , usually a presidency , regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country . The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria , whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor ; Monaco , whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State ; and Vatican City , for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State . In the case of Ireland , the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers . A stand - out case is the President of Iran , who is not actually a head of state , but the head of the government of Iran . He is referred to as `` president '' in both the Persian and English languages . In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president . In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position , for example in the Prime Minister of Canada . In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable , however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty 's Most Honourable Privy Council . In the UK , where devolved government is in place , the leaders of the Scottish , Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister . Between 1921 and 1972 , when Northern Ireland was a Majority Rule Parliament the head of government would be known as the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland.In India , the Prime Minister is referred to as Pradhan Mantri , meaning `` prime minister '' . In Pakistan , the prime minister is referred to as Wazir - e-Azam , meaning `` Grand Vizier '' . Organisational structure ( edit ) Main article : Cabinet department The Prime Minister 's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries , it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom . Some Prime Minister 's office do include the role of Cabinet . In other countries , it is called the Prime Minister 's Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia . In Israel , the Prime Minister 's executive office is officially titled the `` Prime Minister 's Office '' in English , but the original Hebrew term can also be translated as the Prime Minister 's Ministry . Description of the role ( edit ) Wilfried Martens , who served as Prime Minister of Belgium , described his role as follows : First of all the Prime Minister must listen a lot , and when deep disagreements occur , he must suggest a solution to the matter . This can be done in different ways . Sometimes during the discussion , I note the elements of the problem and think of a proposal I can formulate to the Council ( cabinet ) , the Secretary taking notes . The Ministers then insist on changing game ages . The Prime Minister can also make a proposal which leaves enough room for amendments in order to keep the current discussion on the right tracks . When a solution must be found in order to reach a consensus , he can force one or two Ministers to join or resign . Lists of prime ministers ( edit ) For a more comprehensive list , see List of current prime ministers . Countries with prime ministers ( blue ) and those that formerly had that position ( dark red ) . The following table groups the list of past and present prime ministers and details information available in those lists . Government List starts Parties shown Term given by years or dates Incumbent Abkhazia 1995 - dates Beslan Bartsits Afghanistan 1927 - years Abdullah Abdullah Albania ( List ) 1912 - years Edi Rama Algeria 1962 yes years Ahmed Ouyahia Andorra 1982 - years Antoni Martí Angola - dates ( Post abolished ) Anguilla 1976 yes dates Victor Banks Antigua and Barbuda 1981 - years Gaston Browne Argentina 1993 yes dates Marcos Peña Armenia 1918 yes dates Karen Karapetyan ( acting ) Artsakh 1992 no dates ( Post abolished ) Aruba 1986 - dates Evelyn Wever - Croes Australia ( List ) 1901 yes dates Malcolm Turnbull Austria 1918 yes years Sebastian Kurz Azerbaijan 1918 yes dates Novruz Mammadov Bahamas 1967 - dates Hubert Minnis Bahrain 1970 - years Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Bangladesh 1971 yes dates Sheikh Hasina Barbados 1954 yes dates Freundel Stuart Belarus 1919 - dates Andrei Kobyakov Belgium 1831 yes dates Charles Michel Belize 1973 yes years Dean Barrow Benin 1957 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Bermuda 1968 yes dates Edward David Burt Bhutan 1952 - dates Tshering Tobgay Bosnia and Herzegovina 1943 - dates Denis Zvizdić Botswana 1965 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Brazil 1847 yes dates ( Post abolished ) British Virgin Islands 1967 yes dates Orlando Smith Brunei 1984 no dates Hassanal Bolkiah Bulgaria 1879 yes dates Boyko Borisov Burkina Faso 1971 - dates Paul Kaba Thieba Burundi 1961 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Cambodia 1945 - years Hun Sen Cameroon 1960 - dates Philémon Yang Canada ( List ) 1867 yes dates Justin Trudeau Cape Verde - dates Ulisses Correia e Silva Cayman Islands 1992 yes dates Alden McLaughlin Central African Republic 1958 - dates Simplice Sarandji Chad 1978 - dates Albert Pahimi Padacké People 's Republic of China ( List ) 1949 - dates Li Keqiang Comoros 1957 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Congo ( Brazzaville ) 1957 yes dates Clément Mouamba Congo ( Kinshasa ) ( List ) 1960 yes dates Bruno Tshibala Cook Islands 1965 yes dates Henry Puna Côte d'Ivoire ( Ivory Coast ) 1957 yes dates Amadou Gon Coulibaly Croatia 1939 - dates Andrej Plenković Cuba 1940 - dates Raúl Castro Curaçao - dates Eugene Rhuggenaath Northern Cyprus yes dates Tufan Erhürman Czech Republic 1993 - years Andrej Babiš Denmark ( List ) 1848 - years Lars Løkke Rasmussen Djibouti 1977 - dates Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed Dominica 1960 - dates Roosevelt Skerrit East Timor 2002 - dates Mari Alkatiri Egypt ( List ) 1878 - years Sherif Ismail Equatorial Guinea 1963 - dates Francisco Pascual Obama Asue Estonia 1918 - dates Jüri Ratas Ethiopia 1942 yes dates Abiy Ahmed Faroe Islands 1946 - years Aksel V. Johannesen Fiji 1966 - dates Frank Bainimarama Finland 1917 yes years Juha Sipilä France ( List ) 1589 - years Édouard Philippe Gabon 1957 yes dates Emmanuel Issoze - Ngondet The Gambia 1961 - dates ( Post abolished ) Georgia 1918 yes dates Giorgi Kvirikashvili Germany ( List ) 1871 / 1949 yes dates Angela Merkel Ghana 1957 - dates ( Post abolished ) Gibraltar 1964 yes dates Fabian Picardo Greece ( List ) 1833 - dates Alexis Tsipras Greenland 1979 - years Kim Kielsen Grenada 1954 - years Keith Mitchell Guernsey 2007 - dates Gavin St Pier Guinea 1972 - dates Mamady Youla Guinea - Bissau 1973 - dates Aristides Gomes Guyana 1953 - dates Moses Nagamootoo Haiti - dates Jack Guy Lafontant Hungary ( List ) 1848 - dates Viktor Orbán Iceland 1904 - dates Katrín Jakobsdóttir India ( List ) 1947 yes dates Narendra Modi Indonesia 1945 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Iran ( List ) 1824 - years ( Post abolished ) Iraq 1920 - years Haider al - Abadi Ireland 1937 yes dates Leo Varadkar Israel ( List ) 1948 - years Benjamin Netanyahu Italy ( List ) 1861 - years Paolo Gentiloni Jamaica 1959 - years Andrew Holness Japan ( List ) 1885 - dates Shinzō Abe Jersey 2005 - dates Ian Gorst Jordan 1944 - dates Hani Al - Mulki Kazakhstan 1920 - years Bakhytzhan Sagintayev Kenya 1963 - dates ( Post abolished ) North Korea 1948 - years Pak Pong - ju South Korea ( List ) 1948 - years Lee Nak - yeon Kosovo 1945 yes dates Ramush Haradinaj Kuwait 1962 yes dates Sheikh Jaber Al - Mubarak Al - Hamad Al - Sabah Kyrgyzstan 1924 - dates Muhammetkaliy Abulgaziyev Laos 1941 - years Thongloun Sisoulith Latvia 1918 yes dates Māris Kučinskis Lebanon 1926 - dates Saad Hariri Lesotho 1965 yes dates Tom Thabane Libya 1951 - dates Abdullah al - Thani / Fayez al - Sarraj Liechtenstein 1921 yes dates Adrian Hasler Lithuania 1918 yes dates Saulius Skvernelis Luxembourg 1959 - years Xavier Bettel Macedonia 1943 yes dates Zoran Zaev Madagascar 1833 - dates Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana Malawi 1963 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Malaysia 1957 yes years Najib Razak Mali 1957 yes dates Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga Malta 1921 yes years Joseph Muscat Isle of Man 1986 - years Howard Quayle Mauritania 1957 yes dates Yahya Ould Hademine Mauritius 1961 yes dates Pravind Jugnauth Moldova 1990 - dates Pavel Filip Monaco 1911 n / a dates Serge Telle Mongolia 1912 yes dates Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Montenegro 1879 yes dates Duško Marković Montserrat 1960 yes dates Donaldson Romeo Morocco 1955 yes years Saadeddine Othmani Mozambique yes dates Carlos Agostinho do Rosário Myanmar ( Burma ) 1948 yes dates Aung San Suu Kyi Namibia 1990 yes dates Saara Kuugongelwa Nepal 1953 - dates Khadga Prasad Oli Netherlands ( List ) 1848 yes dates Mark Rutte New Zealand ( List ) 1856 yes dates Jacinda Ardern Newfoundland 1855 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Niger 1958 yes dates Brigi Rafini Nigeria 1960 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Niue - dates Sir Toke Talagi Norfolk Island 1896 2015 dates ( Post abolished ) Norway 1814 yes years Erna Solberg Pakistan ( List ) 1947 yes dates Shahid Khaqan Abbasi Palestinian National Authority 2003 yes dates Rami Hamdallah Papua New Guinea yes years Peter O'Neill Peru yes dates César Villanueva Philippines 1899 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Poland ( List ) 1918 - dates Mateusz Morawiecki Portugal ( List ) 1834 yes dates António Costa Qatar 1970 - dates Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani Romania 1862 - years Viorica Dăncilă Russia ( List ) 1864 / 1905 yes dates Dmitry Medvedev Rwanda 1960 yes dates Édouard Ngirente Saint Kitts and Nevis 1960 - dates Timothy Harris Saint Lucia 1960 - dates Allen Chastanet Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1956 - dates Ralph Gonsalves Samoa 1875 yes dates Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi São Tomé and Principe yes dates Patrice Trovoada Saudi Arabia 1953 no dates Salman Senegal 1957 yes dates Mohamed Dionne Serbia 1805 yes years Ana Brnabić Seychelles 1970 yes years ( Post abolished ) Sierra Leone 1954 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Singapore 1959 - dates Lee Hsien Loong Sint Maarten - dates Leona Marlin - Romeo Slovakia 1993 - dates Peter Pellegrini Slovenia 1943 yes years Miro Cerar Solomon Islands 1949 yes dates Rick Houenipwela Somalia 1949 yes dates Hassan Ali Khayre South Africa 1910 - dates ( Post abolished ) South Ossetia 1991 - dates Erik Pukhayev Spain ( List ) 1705 yes years Mariano Rajoy Sri Lanka ( List ) 1948 - dates Ranil Wickremesinghe Sudan 1952 yes dates Bakri Hassan Saleh Suriname 1949 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Swaziland 1967 - years Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini Sweden ( List ) 1876 yes years Stefan Löfven Syria 1920 - dates Imad Khamis Taiwan ( Republic of China ) ( List ) 1911 - dates William Lai Tajikistan 1924 - dates Kokhir Rasulzoda Tanzania 1960 yes dates Kassim Majaliwa Thailand ( List ) 1932 yes dates Prayut Chan - o - cha Togo 1956 yes dates Komi Sélom Klassou Tokelau 1992 - dates Afega Gaualofa Tonga 1876 - years ʻAkilisi Pōhiva Transnistria 2012 yes dates Aleksandr Martynov Trinidad and Tobago 1956 - dates Keith Rowley Tunisia 1969 - dates Youssef Chahed Turkey ( List ) 1920 yes dates Binali Yıldırım Turkmenistan 1924 - dates ( Post abolished ) Turks and Caicos Islands 1976 yes dates Sharlene Cartwright - Robinson Tuvalu n / a dates Enele Sopoaga Uganda 1961 yes dates Ruhakana Rugunda Ukraine ( List ) 1917 - dates Volodymyr Groysman United Arab Emirates 1971 - years Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum United Kingdom ( List ) 1721 yes dates Theresa May Uruguay No List ( post established 1919 ) - - ( post abolished ) Uzbekistan 1924 - dates Abdulla Aripov Vanuatu 1980 yes dates Charlot Salwai Vatican 1644 - years Cardinal Pietro Parolin Vietnam 1976 yes dates Nguyễn Xuân Phúc Yemen 1990 yes years Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr Western Sahara 1976 no years Abdelkader Taleb Oumar Zambia 1964 yes dates ( Post abolished ) Zimbabwe 1923 - dates ( Post abolished ) See also ( edit ) Chancellor Chief Minister Governor - General Head of government Head of state Monarch President Prime ministerial government Lists List of current heads of state and government List of democracy and election - related topics References ( edit ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Jump up ^ Contrary to popular perception , the two posts are separate and need not be held by the one person . The last prime minister not to be First Lord of the Treasury was Lord Salisbury at the turn of the 20th century . 10 Downing Street is actually the First Lord 's residence , not the Prime Minister 's . As Salisbury was not First Lord , he had to live elsewhere as prime minister . Jump up ^ Testament Politique du Cardinal Duc de Richelieu , Premier Ministre de France sous le Règne de Louïs XIII Jump up ^ Ancien Régime in Encyclopédie Larousse ( `` Après 1661 , Louis XIV impose une nouvelle formule , qui joue à la fois sur les ministres et sur les conseils , sans accepter la primauté d'un ministre . '' ) Jump up ^ `` Oxford English Dictionary '' . Retrieved 15 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Britain 's unwritten constitution '' . British Library . Retrieved 27 November 2015 . The key landmark is the Bill of Rights ( 1689 ) , which established the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown ... The Bill of Rights ( 1689 ) then settled the primacy of Parliament over the monarch 's prerogatives , providing for the regular meeting of Parliament , free elections to the Commons , free speech in parliamentary debates , and some basic human rights , most famously freedom from ' cruel or unusual punishment ' . Jump up ^ Dr Andrew Blick and Professor George Jones -- No 10 guest historian series , Prime Ministers and No. 10 ( 1 January 2012 ) . `` The Institution of Prime Minister '' . Government of the United Kingdom : History of Government Blog . Retrieved 15 April 2016 . Jump up ^ Carter , Byrum E. ( 2015 ) ( 1955 ) . `` The Historical Development of the Office of Prime Minister '' . Office of the Prime Minister . Princeton University Press . ISBN 9781400878260 . Jump up ^ Seidle , F. Leslie ; Docherty , David C. ( 2003 ) . Reforming parliamentary democracy . McGill - Queen 's University Press . p. 3 . ISBN 9780773525085 . Jump up ^ Johnston , Douglas M. ; Reisman , W. Michael ( 2008 ) . The Historical Foundations of World Order . Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers . p. 571 . ISBN 9047423933 . Jump up ^ Fieldhouse , David ; Madden , Frederick ( 1990 ) . Settler self - government , 1840 - 1900 : the development of representative and responsible government ( 1 . publ . ed . ) . New York : Greenwood Press . p. xxi . ISBN 9780313273261 . Jump up ^ Julian Go ( 2007 ) . `` A Globalizing Constitutionalism ? , Views from the Postcolony , 1945 - 2000 '' . In Arjomand , Saïd Amir . Constitutionalism and political reconstruction . Brill . pp. 92 -- 94 . ISBN 9004151745 . Jump up ^ `` How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World '' . University of Cambridge . 2 December 2013 . Retrieved 16 December 2013 . Jump up ^ Although the roles of the Spanish head of government coincide with the definition of a ' prime minister ' , in Spain the position is in fact referred to as ' the Presidency of the Government ' Jump up ^ `` Privy Council Members '' . The Privy Council Office . Archived from the original on 2009 - 09 - 25 . Retrieved 19 Sep 2009 . Further reading ( edit ) Andrew Blick and George Jones , Premiership : the development , nature and power of the office of the British Prime Minister ( Imprint Academic , Exeter , 2010 ) Michael Foley , The British Presidency ( Manchester University Press , Manchester , 2000 ) Peter Hennessy , The Prime Minister : The office and its holders since 1945 ( Penguin , London , 2001 ) Paul Langford , Prime Ministers and Parliaments : the long view , Walpole to Blair , The Annual History of Parliament Lecture , 2005 , Parliamentary History , 25 ( 2006 ) Brian Carroll , Australia 's Prime Ministers : From Barton to Howard ( Rosenberg Publishing , 2004 ) James Manor , Nehru to the Nineties : The Changing Office of Prime Minister in India ( C. Hurst & Co. , 1994 ) Jagdish Chandra Sharma , Indian Prime Ministership : A Comprehensive Study ( Concept Publishing Company , 2002 ) Titles used for heads of government Chancellor Chief executive Chief minister Federal Council ( collective head of government ) First minister ( and deputy First Minister ) Minister - president Premier President President of the Executive Council President of the Council of Ministers President of the government Prime minister State Elder Statsminister Taoiseach Prime minister Prime Ministers by country Abkhazia Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Armenia Artsakh Aruba Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Bermuda Bhutan Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo ( Kinshasa ) Cook Islands Croatia Cuba Curaçao Northern Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica East Timor Egypt Equatorial Guinea Estonia Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France Ghana Georgia Greece Greenland Grenada Guinea Guyana Haiti Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya North Korea South Korea Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malaysia Malta Mauritius Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Myanmar ( Burma ) Nagorno - Karabakh Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Niue Norway Pakistan Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa São Tomé and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Singapore Sint Maarten Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Ossetia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Swaziland Sweden Syria Taiwan ( Republic of China ) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkmenistan Turkey Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vietnam Yemen Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Common types of government ministers and ministries Leadership President Vice-President Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister Office of the President Cabinet department / Office of the Prime Minister Defence / Foreign Affairs / Public Safety Defence ( list ) Foreign / External Affairs ( list ) International development Public Security / Internal Security / Homeland Security Immigration Economics / Infrastructure Commerce / Trade Communications Finance / Treasury ( list ) Industry Public Works / Infrastructure Transport Environment / Natural resources Agriculture Climate change Energy Environment ( list ) Fisheries Forestry Irrigation Land management Mining Natural resources Petroleum / Oil Water resources Social Education ( List ) Culture Health Information Interior / Internal Affairs / Home Affairs ( list ) Justice / Law Labour Religion Science ( and Technology ) Sports Tourism Minister without portfolio Ministries by portfolio Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&oldid=838419930 '' Categories : Prime ministers Heads of government Titles Government ministers Positions of authority 17th - century neologisms Hidden categories : Articles with short description Articles containing Irish - language text Articles containing Spanish - language text Articles containing Italian - language text Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2016 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010 Articles needing additional references from June 2012 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans አማርኛ Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца )  भोजपुरी Български Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Davvisámegiella Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Gàidhlig Galego ગુજરાતી 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Ilokano Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ Къарачай - малкъар ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili ລາວ Latina Latviešu Lingála Lumbaart Magyar मैथिली Македонски Malagasy മലയാളം मराठी მარგალური Bahasa Melayu Baso Minangkabau Mìng - dĕ̤ng - ngṳ̄ Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Nouormand Occitan ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Papiamentu ភាសា ខ្មែរ Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Soomaaliga کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça Tetun ไทย Türkçe Удмурт Українська اردو Tiếng Việt ייִדיש Yorùbá 粵語 中文 93 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 April 2018 , at 22 : 06 . 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Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- Men 's singles - wikipedia Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- Men 's singles Jump to : navigation , search Men 's singles at the XXIII Olympic Winter Games Venue Gangneung Ice Arena Gangneung , South Korea Dates 16 -- 17 February Competitors 30 from 21 nations Winning score 317.85 Medalists 01 ! Yuzuru Hanyu Japan 02 ! Shoma Uno Japan 03 ! Javier Fernández Spain ← 2014 2022 → Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics Qualification Singles men ladies Pairs mixed Ice dancing mixed Team event mixed The men 's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung , South Korea . The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February . This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games . Contents ( hide ) 1 Summary 2 Qualification 3 Schedule 4 Results 4.1 Short program 4.2 Free skating 4.3 Overall 5 References Summary ( edit ) With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics , Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button , who did so in 1952 . Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal , and Spain 's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal . Fernández won Spain 's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics . After the short program , Hanyu , Fernández , Uno , and Jin Boyang were first , second , third , and fourth respectively . Nathan Chen , originally one of the favorites for the podium , skated an uncharacteristically poor short program that placed him at 17th , but fought back to win the free skating with a score of 215.08 -- 8.91 points above the second place free skating by Hanyu . He ended up fifth overall . In the free program , Jin Boyang overtook Chen by less than a point overall , and placed fourth . In the victory ceremony , the medals were presented by Tsunekazu Takeda , member of the International Olympic Committee , accompanied by Alexander Lakernik , ISU Figure Skating Vice President . Vincent Zhou landed the first quadruple lutz at the Olympics . Nathan Chen became the first to ever land six quads , five clean . He also landed the first quadruple flip at the Olympics . With these jumps he holds the new record for highest free skating technical score . For complete list of figure skating records , see list of highest scores in figure skating . Qualification ( edit ) Main article : Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- Qualification A total of 30 skaters qualified to compete for the event , with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three . 24 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships and the remaining six were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy . Each country decided the entry of its teams , and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete . All athletes competing must have met the minimum total elements score , which does not include component scores . For the short program this was 25.00 and the free skating 45.00 . Schedule ( edit ) All times are ( UTC + 9 ) . Date Time Round 16 February 10 : 00 Short program 17 February 10 : 00 Free skating Results ( edit ) Short program ( edit ) The short program was held on 16 February 2018 . Pl . Name Nation TSS TES PCS SS TR PE CH IN Ded StN Yuzuru Hanyu Japan 111.68 63.18 48.50 9.71 9.43 9.86 9.75 9.75 0.00 25 Javier Fernández Spain 107.58 59.79 47.79 9.36 9.36 9.71 9.68 9.68 0.00 29 Shoma Uno Japan 104.17 58.13 46.04 9.29 9.00 9.25 9.29 9.21 0.00 28 Jin Boyang China 103.32 60.27 43.05 8.79 8.29 8.82 8.54 8.61 0.00 30 5 Dmitri Aliev Olympic Athletes from Russia 98.98 56.98 42.00 8.43 8.11 8.50 8.50 8.46 0.00 20 6 Patrick Chan Canada 90.01 45.08 45.93 9.36 9.07 9.00 9.29 9.21 -- 1.00 21 7 Adam Rippon United States 87.95 44.48 43.47 8.57 8.43 8.86 8.68 8.93 0.00 19 8 Mikhail Kolyada Olympic Athletes from Russia 86.69 43.84 43.85 8.96 8.54 8.64 8.82 8.89 -- 1.00 27 9 Michal Březina Czech Republic 85.15 44.34 40.81 8.25 7.89 8.25 8.21 8.21 0.00 13 10 Keegan Messing Canada 85.11 45.50 40.61 8.04 7.96 8.07 8.29 8.25 − 1.00 12 11 Jorik Hendrickx Belgium 84.74 44.17 40.57 7.96 7.89 8.25 8.18 8.29 0.00 17 12 Vincent Zhou United States 84.53 48.50 36.03 7.39 6.96 7.11 7.32 7.25 0.00 13 Oleksii Bychenko Israel 84.13 43.63 40.50 7.93 7.71 8.36 8.18 8.32 0.00 23 14 Misha Ge Uzbekistan 83.90 41.75 42.15 8.18 8.18 8.54 8.46 8.79 0.00 16 15 Cha Jun - hwan South Korea 83.43 43.79 39.64 7.93 7.68 8.07 8.00 7.96 0.00 14 16 Brendan Kerry Australia 83.06 45.49 37.57 7.57 7.36 7.61 7.57 7.46 0.00 10 17 Nathan Chen United States 82.27 41.39 41.88 8.46 8.32 8.14 8.57 8.39 -- 1.00 26 18 Daniel Samohin Israel 80.69 43.29 38.40 7.79 7.29 7.79 7.71 7.82 -- 1.00 18 19 Yan Han China 80.63 40.99 40.64 8.46 8.07 7.86 8.18 8.07 − 1.00 8 20 Keiji Tanaka Japan 80.05 40.30 40.75 8.36 7.86 8.07 8.21 8.25 -- 1.00 22 21 Deniss Vasiļjevs Latvia 79.52 39.34 41.18 8.25 8.00 8.18 8.39 8.36 -- 1.00 24 22 Moris Kvitelashvili Georgia 76.56 40.88 36.68 7.46 7.11 7.32 7.43 7.36 − 1.00 11 23 Matteo Rizzo Italy 75.63 39.23 36.40 7.29 7.11 7.29 7.39 7.32 0.00 5 24 Paul Fentz Germany 74.73 37.71 37.02 7.46 7.25 7.46 7.46 7.39 0.00 15 Did not advance to free skating 25 Julian Yee Malaysia 73.58 38.37 35.21 7.07 6.82 7.11 7.14 7.07 0.00 9 26 Chafik Besseghier France 72.10 38.41 33.69 6.79 6.29 6.89 6.86 6.86 0.00 27 Denis Ten Kazakhstan 70.12 30.77 39.35 8.11 7.82 7.46 8.07 7.89 0.00 28 Michael Christian Martinez Philippines 55.56 26.04 29.52 5.96 5.64 5.96 6.00 5.96 0.00 6 29 Felipe Montoya Spain 52.41 22.59 30.82 6.25 6.07 6.00 6.25 6.25 − 1.00 30 Yaroslav Paniot Ukraine 46.58 18.68 29.90 6.43 5.79 5.61 6.21 5.86 − 2.00 7 Notes : WR - World record TSS - Total Segment Score ; TES - Technical Element Score ; PCS - Program Component Score SS - Skating Skills ; TR - Transitions ; PE - Performance / Execution CH - Choreography ; IN - Interpretation ; Ded - Deduction ; StN - Starting Number Free skating ( edit ) The free skating was held on 17 February 2018 . Pl . Name Nation TSS TES PCS SS TR PE CH IN Ded StN Nathan Chen United States 215.08 127.64 87.44 8.82 8.32 9.04 8.79 8.75 0.00 9 Yuzuru Hanyu Japan 206.17 109.55 96.62 9.71 9.50 9.64 9.71 9.75 0.00 22 Shoma Uno Japan 202.73 111.01 92.72 9.36 9.07 9.25 9.32 9.36 -- 1.00 24 Javier Fernández Spain 197.66 101.52 96.14 9.46 9.43 9.64 9.79 9.75 0.00 23 5 Jin Boyang China 194.45 109.69 85.76 8.71 8.21 8.64 8.68 8.64 -- 1.00 20 6 Vincent Zhou United States 192.16 112.24 79.92 8.04 7.71 8.25 7.96 8.00 0.00 15 7 Mikhail Kolyada Olympic Athletes from Russia 177.56 91.62 87.94 9.00 8.64 8.68 8.86 8.72 -- 2.00 16 8 Patrick Chan Canada 173.42 81.56 91.86 9.32 9.14 8.66 9.29 9.32 0.00 21 9 Oleksii Bychenko Israel 172.88 89.08 83.80 8.39 8.04 8.61 8.43 8.43 0.00 7 10 Adam Rippon United States 171.41 84.47 86.94 8.75 8.54 8.68 8.71 8.79 0.00 18 11 Daniel Samohin Israel 170.75 89.03 81.72 8.32 7.75 8.32 8.18 8.29 0.00 8 12 Keegan Messing Canada 170.32 84.88 85.44 8.50 8.29 8.61 8.61 8.71 0.00 14 13 Dmitri Aliev Olympic Athletes from Russia 168.53 85.39 85.13 8.64 8.39 8.32 8.61 8.61 -- 2.00 19 14 Cha Jun - hwan South Korea 165.16 84.94 81.22 8.21 7.86 8.25 8.11 8.18 -- 1.00 13 15 Keiji Tanaka Japan 164.78 85.64 81.14 8.36 7.89 8.00 8.18 8.14 -- 2.00 5 16 Jorik Hendrickx Belgium 164.21 81.79 82.42 8.25 7.96 8.36 8.25 8.39 0.00 13 17 Misha Ge Uzbekistan 161.04 74.96 86.08 8.46 8.36 8.54 8.75 8.93 0.00 10 18 Michal Březina Czech Republic 160.92 76.58 84.34 8.57 8.21 8.39 8.57 8.43 0.00 17 19 Matteo Rizzo Italy 156.78 80.86 75.92 7.64 7.32 7.79 7.64 7.57 0.00 20 Deniss Vasiļjevs Latvia 155.06 76.42 80.64 8.14 7.86 7.96 8.18 8.18 -- 2.00 21 Brendan Kerry Australia 150.75 73.33 77.42 7.96 7.54 7.68 7.82 7.71 0.00 12 22 Paul Fentz Germany 139.82 66.98 72.84 7.50 7.14 7.14 7.39 7.25 0.00 23 Yan Han China 132.38 53.80 79.58 8.56 7.82 7.57 8.04 8.00 -- 1.00 24 Moris Kvitelashvili Georgia 128.01 63.35 70.66 7.34 6.86 6.68 7.32 7.04 -- 6.00 6 Notes : TSS - Total Segment Score ; TES - Technical Element Score ; PCS - Program Component Score SS - Skating Skills ; TR - Transitions ; PE - Performance / Execution CH - Choreography ; IN - Interpretation ; Ded - Deduction ; StN - Starting Number Overall ( edit ) The skaters were ranked according to their overall score . Rank Name Nation TP SP FS 01 ! Yuzuru Hanyu Japan 317.85 111.68 206.17 02 ! Shoma Uno Japan 306.90 104.17 202.73 03 ! Javier Fernández Spain 305.24 107.58 197.66 Jin Boyang China 297.77 103.32 194.45 5 5 Nathan Chen United States 297.35 82.27 17 215.08 6 Vincent Zhou United States 276.69 84.53 12 192.16 6 7 Dmitri Aliev Olympic Athletes from Russia 267.51 98.98 5 168.53 13 8 Mikhail Kolyada Olympic Athletes from Russia 264.25 86.69 8 177.56 7 9 Patrick Chan Canada 263.43 90.01 6 173.42 8 10 Adam Rippon United States 259.36 87.95 7 171.41 10 11 Oleksii Bychenko Israel 257.01 84.13 13 172.88 9 12 Keegan Messing Canada 255.43 85.11 10 170.32 12 13 Daniel Samohin Israel 251.44 80.69 18 170.75 11 14 Jorik Hendrickx Belgium 248.95 84.74 11 164.21 16 15 Cha Jun - hwan South Korea 248.59 83.43 15 165.16 14 16 Michal Březina Czech Republic 246.07 85.15 9 160.92 18 17 Misha Ge Uzbekistan 244.94 83.90 14 161.04 17 18 Keiji Tanaka Japan 244.83 80.05 20 164.78 15 19 Deniss Vasiļjevs Latvia 234.58 79.52 21 155.06 20 20 Brendan Kerry Australia 233.81 83.06 16 150.75 21 21 Matteo Rizzo Italy 232.41 75.63 23 156.78 19 22 Paul Fentz Germany 214.55 74.73 24 139.82 22 23 Yan Han China 213.01 80.63 19 132.38 23 24 Moris Kvitelashvili Georgia 204.57 76.56 22 128.01 24 Did not advance to free skating 25 Julian Yee Malaysia 73.58 25 26 Chafik Besseghier France 72.10 26 27 Denis Ten Kazakhstan 70.12 27 28 Michael Christian Martinez Philippines 55.56 28 29 Felipe Montoya Spain 52.41 29 30 Yaroslav Paniot Ukraine 46.58 30 TP - Total points ; SP - Short program ; FS - Free skating References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Venues '' . www.pyeongchang2018.com/ . Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Organizing Committee for the 2018 Winter Olympics . Retrieved 26 December 2017 . Jump up ^ Start list ^ Jump up to : `` Schedule '' . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Hanyu edges out YOG star for skating gold '' . olympic.org. 17 February 2018 . Retrieved 17 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Nathan Chen Makes Olympic History With 6 Quad Jumps '' . Time . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` Personal Bests '' . www.isuresults.com . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` Qualification Systems for XXIII Olympic Winter Games , PyeongChang 2018 , Figure skating '' . International Skating Union ( ISU ) . 17 May 2016 . Retrieved 20 January 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Extract from ISU Communication 2097 '' . www.iceskating.org.uk/ . National Ice Skating Association ( UK ) . Retrieved 20 January 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Judges Details Per Skater : Figure Skating Men 's Short Program Results '' ( PDF ) . International Skating Union ( PDF ) . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Judges Details Per Skater : Figure Skating Men 's Free Skating Results '' ( PDF ) . International Skating Union ( PDF ) . Retrieved 17 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Judges Details Per Skater : Figure Skating Men 's Total Results '' . International Skating Union . Retrieved 17 February 2018 . Olympic champions in figure skating -- Men 's singles 1908 : Ulrich Salchow ( SWE ) 1920 : Gillis Grafström ( SWE ) 1924 : Gillis Grafström ( SWE ) 1928 : Gillis Grafström ( SWE ) 1932 : Karl Schäfer ( AUT ) 1936 : Karl Schäfer ( AUT ) 1948 : Dick Button ( USA ) 1952 : Dick Button ( USA ) 1956 : Hayes Alan Jenkins ( USA ) 1960 : David Jenkins ( USA ) 1964 : Manfred Schnelldorfer ( EUA ) 1968 : Wolfgang Schwarz ( AUT ) 1972 : Ondrej Nepela ( TCH ) 1976 : John Curry ( GBR ) 1980 : Robin Cousins ( GBR ) 1984 : Scott Hamilton ( USA ) 1988 : Brian Boitano ( USA ) 1992 : Viktor Petrenko ( EUN ) 1994 : Alexei Urmanov ( RUS ) 1998 : Ilia Kulik ( RUS ) 2002 : Alexei Yagudin ( RUS ) 2006 : Evgeni Plushenko ( RUS ) 2010 : Evan Lysacek ( USA ) 2014 : Yuzuru Hanyu ( JPN ) 2018 : Yuzuru Hanyu ( JPN ) Record scores in figure skating Combined total ( Total ) Short program ( SP ) Free skating ( FS ) Short dance ( SD ) Free dance ( FD ) Juniors ( J ) Men Total : Yuzuru Hanyu 330.43 SP : Yuzuru Hanyu 112.72 FS : Yuzuru Hanyu 223.20 Total ( J ) : Vincent Zhou 258.11 SP ( J ) : Shoma Uno 84.87 FS ( J ) : Vincent Zhou 179.24 Ladies Total : Evgenia Medvedeva 241.31 SP : Alina Zagitova 82.92 FS : Evgenia Medvedeva 160.46 Total ( J ) : Alexandra Trusova 225.52 SP ( J ) : Alexandra Trusova 73.25 FS ( J ) : Alexandra Trusova 153.49 Pairs Total : Aliona Savchenko / Bruno Massot 245.84 SP : Tatiana Volosozhar / Maxim Trankov 84.17 FS : Savchenko / Massot 162.86 Total ( J ) : Anna Dušková / Martin Bidař 181.82 SP ( J ) : Amina Atakhanova / Ilia Spiridonov 64.79 FS ( J ) : Sui Wenjing / Han Cong 118.54 Ice dance Total : Gabriella Papadakis / Guillaume Cizeron 207.20 SD : Papadakis / Cizeron 83.73 FD : Papadakis / Cizeron 123.47 Total ( J ) : Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons 164.83 SD ( J ) : R. Parsons / M. Parsons 67.88 FD ( J ) : R. Parsons / M. Parsons 97.54 See also Progression of record scores Record technical and component scores Highest technical element scores Highest program component scores See also ( J ) Record junior scores Progression of record scores ( J ) Record technical and component scores ( J ) Highest technical element scores ( J ) Highest program component scores ( J ) 2017 -- 18 figure skating season Olympics Qualification Men 's singles Ladies ' singles Pair skating Ice dancing Team event ISU Championships European Championships Four Continents Championships World Junior Championships World Championships ISU Grand Prix Rostelecom Cup Skate Canada International Cup of China NHK Trophy Internationaux de France Skate America Grand Prix Final ISU Challenger Series U.S. Classic Lombardia Trophy Autumn Classic Ondrej Nepela Trophy Nebelhorn Trophy Finlandia Trophy Minsk - Arena Ice Star Warsaw Cup Tallinn Trophy Golden Spin of Zagreb Junior internationals ISU Junior Grand Prix Junior Grand Prix Final National championships Canada China Germany Japan Russia South Korea United States Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Figure_skating_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_ -- _Men % 27s_singles&oldid = 833477722 '' Categories : Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics Men 's events at the 2018 Winter Olympics Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Italiano Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Suomi Türkçe Українська 中文 9 more Edit links This page was last edited on 31 March 2018 , at 20 : 06 . 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Cain and Abel ( software ) - Wikipedia Cain and Abel ( software ) Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with CAINE Linux in the List of digital forensics tools . This article includes a list of references , related reading or external links , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( June 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Cain and Abel Developer ( s ) Massimiliano Montoro Stable release 4.9. 56 / April 7 , 2014 ; 4 years ago ( 2014 - 04 - 07 ) Operating system Microsoft Windows Type password cracking License Freeware Website www.oxid.it/cain.html Cain and Abel ( often abbreviated to Cain ) is a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows . It can recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing , cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks , brute force and cryptanalysis attacks . Cryptanalysis attacks are done via rainbow tables which can be generated with the winrtgen. exe program provided with Cain and Abel . Cain and Abel is maintained by Massimiliano Montoro and Sean Babcock . Contents ( hide ) 1 Features 2 Status with virus scanners 3 See also 4 External links Features ( edit ) WEP cracking Speeding up packet capture speed by wireless packet injection Ability to record VoIP conversations Decoding scrambled passwords Calculating hashes Traceroute Revealing password boxes Uncovering cached passwords Dumping protected storage passwords ARP spoofing IP to MAC Address resolver Network Password Sniffer LSA secret dumper Ability to crack : LM & NTLM hashes NTLMv2 hashes Microsoft Cache hashes Microsoft Windows PWL files Cisco IOS - MD5 hashes Cisco PIX - MD5 hashes APOP - MD5 hashes CRAM - MD5 MD5 hashes OSPF - MD5 hashes RIPv2 MD5 hashes VRRP - HMAC hashes Virtual Network Computing ( VNC ) Triple DES MD2 hashes MD4 hashes MD5 hashes SHA - 1 hashes SHA - 2 hashes RIPEMD - 160 hashes Kerberos 5 hashes RADIUS shared key hashes IKE PSK hashes MSSQL hashes MySQL hashes Oracle and SIP hashes Status with virus scanners ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Some virus scanners ( and browsers , e.g. Chrome 20.0. 1132.47 ) detect Cain and Abel as malware . Avast ! detects it as `` Win32 : Cain - B ( Tool ) '' and classifies it as `` Other potentially dangerous program '' , while Microsoft Security Essentials detects it as `` Win32 / Cain ! 4_9_14 '' and classifies it as `` Tool : This program has potentially unwanted behavior . '' Even if Cain 's install directory , as well as the word `` Cain '' , are added to Avast 's exclude list , the real - time scanner has been known to stop Cain from functioning . However , the latest version of Avast no longer blocks Cain . See also ( edit ) Black - hat hacker White - hat hacker Hacker ( computer security ) Password cracking Aircrack - ng Crack DaveGrohl Hashcat John the Ripper L0phtCrack Ophcrack RainbowCrack External links ( edit ) Official website Interview with Massimiliano Montoro , creator of Cain & Abel ( hide ) Password cracking software Crack Cain DaveGrohl Hashcat John the Ripper L0phtCrack Ophcrack RainbowCrack Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cain_and_Abel_(software)&oldid=790963733 '' Categories : Windows - only freeware Password cracking software Windows security software Network analyzers Windows network - related software Hidden categories : Articles lacking in - text citations from June 2016 All articles lacking in - text citations Articles needing additional references from January 2016 All articles needing additional references Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Français Italiano Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 17 July 2017 , at 06 : 39 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: what is cain and abel software used for


List of governors of Maharashtra - wikipedia List of governors of Maharashtra Jump to : navigation , search Governor of Maharashtra Incumbent Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao since 30 August 2014 Style His Excellency Residence Main : Raj Bhavan ( Mumbai ) Additional : Raj Bhavan ( Nagpur ) ; Raj Bhavan ( Pune ) & Raj Bhavan ( Mahabaleshwar ) Appointer President of India Term length Five Years Inaugural holder John Colville , PC , GCIE Formation 15 August 1947 ; 70 years ago ( 1947 - 08 - 15 ) The Governor of Maharashtra is the Executive Head of the State of Maharashtra . The Constitution of India confers the executive powers of the State to the Governor and the Governor exercises all powers on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers . Contents ( hide ) 1 Powers and duties ( Functions ) 2 Governors of Maharashtra 3 See also 4 References Powers and duties ( functions ) ( edit ) The Governor appoints many top authorities as follows : Advocate General of Maharashtra . Lokayukta and Upa Lokayukta . State Election Commissioner Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal . Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra State Human Rights Commission . Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra Public Service Commission ( MPSC ) . Chairmen and Members of the 3 Development Boards . Sheriff of Mumbai . State Chief Information Commissioner . Governors of Maharashtra ( edit ) This is a list of governors of the erstwhile Bombay State and Maharashtra : # Name Took Office Left Office John Colville , PC , GCIE 1943 1948 Raja Sir Maharaj Singh , CIE 1948 1952 Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai , KCSI , KBE , CIE 1952 1954 Dr Harekrushna Mahatab 1955 1956 Sri Prakasa 1956 1962 6 Dr P. Subbarayan 17 April 1962 6 October 1962 7 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit 28 November 1962 18 October 1964 8 Dr PV Cherian 14 November 1964 8 November 1969 9 Ali Yavar Jung 26 February 1970 11 December 1976 10 Sri Sadiq Ali 30 April 1977 3 November 1980 11 Air Chief Marshal OP Mehra 3 November 1980 5 March 1982 12 Air Chief Marshal IH Latif 6 March 1982 16 April 1985 13 Kona Prabhakara Rao 31 May 1985 2 April 1986 14 Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma 3 April 1986 2 September 1987 15 Kasu Brahmananda Reddy 20 February 1988 18 January 1990 16 Dr. C Subramaniam 15 February 1990 9 January 1993 17 Dr. P.C. Alexander 12 January 1993 13 July 2002 18 Mohammed Fazal 10 October 2002 5 December 2004 19 S.M. Krishna 12 December 2004 5 March 2008 20 S.C. Jamir 9 March 2008 22 January 2010 21 Kateekal Sankaranarayanan 22 January 2010 24 August 2014 22 Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao 30 August 2014 Present See also ( edit ) Government of Maharashtra Governors of India References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Governor - Information under RTI Act '' ( PDF ) . p. 1 . Retrieved 16 March 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Previous Governors '' . Rajbhavan , Government of Maharashtra . Archived from the original on 6 February 2009 . Retrieved 7 December 2017 . Lists of governors , lieutenant governors and administrators of Indian states and union territories ( and current incumbents ) Andaman and Nicobar Devendra Kumar Joshi Andhra Pradesh E.S.L. Narasimhan Arunachal Pradesh B.D. Mishra Assam Jagdish Mukhi Bihar Satya Pal Malik Chandigarh V.P. Singh Badnore Chhattisgarh Balram Das Tandon Dadra and Nagar Haveli Praful Khoda Patel Daman and Diu Praful Khoda Patel Delhi Anil Baijal Goa Mridula Sinha Gujarat Om Prakash Kohli Haryana Kaptan Singh Solanki Himachal Pradesh Acharya Dev Vrat Jammu and Kashmir Narinder Nath Vohra Jharkhand Draupadi Murmu Karnataka Vajubhai Vala Kerala P. Sathasivam Lakshadweep Farooq Khan Madhya Pradesh Anandiben Patel Maharashtra C. Vidyasagar Rao Manipur Najma Heptulla Meghalaya Ganga Prasad Mizoram Nirbhay Sharma Nagaland Padmanabha Acharya Odisha Satya Pal Malik Puducherry Kiran Bedi Punjab V.P. Singh Badnore Rajasthan Kalyan Singh Sikkim Shriniwas Patil Tamil Nadu Banwarilal Purohit Telangana E.S.L. Narasimhan Tripura Tathagata Roy Uttar Pradesh Ram Naik Uttarakhand Krishan Kant Paul West Bengal Keshari Nath Tripathi Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Maharashtra&oldid=834314363 '' Categories : Lists of governors of Indian states Governors of Maharashtra Maharashtra - related lists Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia मराठी Nederlands தமிழ் Edit links This page was last edited on 5 April 2018 , at 01 : 36 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: what is the name of governor of maharashtra