When We First Met - wikipedia When We First Met Jump to : navigation , search When We First Met Film release poster Directed by Ari Sandel Produced by Adam Saunders Mason Novick Mary Viola Michelle Knudsen McG Written by Josh Whittington Starring Adam DeVine Alexandra Daddario Shelley Hennig Andrew Bachelor Robbie Amell Music by Eric V. Hachikian Cinematography David Hennings Edited by Jeffrey Wolf Production company Footprint Features MXN Entertainment Wonderland Sound and Vision Distributed by Netflix Release date February 9 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 09 ) Running time 97 minutes Country United States Language English When We First Met is a 2018 American romantic comedy film directed by Ari Sandel , written by John Whittington and starring Adam DeVine , Alexandra Daddario , Andrew Bachelor and Robbie Amell . It was released worldwide on Netflix on February 9 , 2018 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Reception 5 References 6 External links Plot ( edit ) During Avery Martin 's ( Alexandra Daddario ) engagement party , Noah Ashby ( Adam DeVine ) recalls his and Avery 's first meeting during a Halloween party three years earlier and is sad to see her engaged to perfect Ethan ( Robbie Amell ) instead of him . Drunk and being driven home by Avery 's photographer roommate Carrie Grey ( Shelley Hennig ) , Noah admits he is secretly in love with Avery but , on the night they met , Avery only saw him as a good friend and met Ethan the next day . Carrie deposits him with Max ( Andrew Bachelor ) , his successful vice president best friend , at the piano bar where Noah works . Noah drunkenly uses the photo booth where he and Avery shared a moment and falls asleep . He awakens in his bed and soon discovers he has traveled back in time to the day he met Avery . Noah tries to re-do their meeting , using his knowledge of her to his advantage , but Carrie , whom he met earlier and claimed he knew her and Avery well , comes home early and the two deduce he is a stalker and attack him . He wakes up back in the present thinking it was only a dream , but when he goes to Avery 's house he realizes he is repeating the day of Avery 's engagement party , but this time she recognizes him as the stalker from three years ago . Noah realizes he can use the photo booth to go back in time to re-do their meeting and will wake up to the consequences three years later . Noah goes back a second time and seeks Max 's help impressing Avery . Max convinces him to be a rude and cynical alpha male , and while Avery is initially disgusted by his attitude , she is aroused during their argument and they end up having sex . Noah wakes up in the present and learns that he and Avery 's relationship is unrequited and , for Avery , is purely sexual while she and Carrie are part of an exercise group with Ethan . Noah learns from Carrie that Avery is attracted to stable and dependable men , and Noah goes back a third time . He asks Max , still a low - ranking employee at the company , to ask his boss for a job for him and then acts kinder and more maturely during his first meeting with Avery . He wakes up to find himself engaged to Avery , living a wealthy lifestyle , and is the successful vice president of the company . However , he learns that he and Max have become work enemies , is a workaholic that neglects Avery and has abandoned his piano hobbies , and , despite Ethan switching roles with him during his engagement party , Avery still loves Ethan more than him . While confiding in Carrie , Noah realizes Ethan and Avery are meant to be together and how he and Carrie end up learning more about each other in every alternate present . Noah goes back in time , this time bringing Ethan with him to the party to meet Avery while he spends time with Carrie . Noah learns that the things he likes about Avery is because of Carrie 's influence on her . He also learns that `` Doctor Jello - Shot , '' the man Carrie is seen kissing in all alternate pasts , is her ex-boyfriend with whom she is having an unstable breakup . He shares a photo booth round with Avery , Carrie , and Ethan and wakes up in the present . He learns that Avery and Ethan are engaged , but Carrie ended up leaving him to return to her ex-boyfriend , only for them to break up . Noah goes to Avery and Carrie 's house and finds out that , since Avery and Ethan met a day earlier , their engagement party was the day before , and Carrie is off to a date . She rejects Noah 's pleas to try again and leaves . Noah tries to return to the photo booth , but finds a modern replacement in its place . Ethan and Avery arrive in the piano bar and inform him that they bought the old photo booth for him years ago , and Noah realizes he initially met Carrie through Avery , and he goes back and replays his meeting with Avery the original way . He wakes up to the original present , this time happy for Ethan and Avery during their engagement party . He and Carrie spend time together and decide to leave the party . A photo montage follows of Noah and Carrie 's relationship . Cast ( edit ) Adam DeVine as Noah Ashby Alexandra Daddario as Avery Martin Shelley Hennig as Carrie Grey Andrew Bachelor as Max , Noah 's friend Robbie Amell as Ethan Production ( edit ) In May 2016 Ari Sandel was reported to direct the film from a script by John Whittington and Adam DeVine , while producers on the film would be Adam Saunders of Footprint Features , Mason Novick of MXN Entertainment , with Mary Viola and McG of Wonderland Sound and Vision . Principal photography on the film began in mid-July 2016 in New Orleans . Reception ( edit ) The neutrality of this section is disputed . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met . ( March 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 33 % based on 15 reviews , with an average rating of 4.7 / 10 . On Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating to reviews , the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100 , based on 5 critics , indicating `` generally unfavorable reviews '' . Filmink praised the characters for being `` not only well cast but change organically through the story ; there are no big corny dialogue rom - com turning points , and the characters develop gradually , you know , like normal humans do . '' The Daily Caller 's David Hookstead gave the film a positive review and wrote in part , `` Daddario was excellent , it was a fun idea , and Devine crushed it . Plus it 's interesting to think about what we would do if we found ourselves in the same situation . '' He further went on to praise Devine , calling him a `` rare talent . '' Decider 's Lea Palmieri wrote : `` Devine 's ability to be charming and endearing should n't be underestimated here , and you 'll be rooting for him before you know it '' , whilst Age of the Nerd exclaimed that he `` carries the whole movie on his shoulders with perfection . '' References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Watch Adam Devine get friend - zoned by Alexandra Daddario in ' When We First Met ' trailer '' . Retrieved 9 February 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Pedersen , Erik ( May 6 , 2016 ) . `` Adam Devine & Alexandra Daddario Will Reminisce About ' When We First Met ' '' . Deadline . Retrieved July 20 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Pedersen , Erik ( 2016 - 08 - 04 ) . `` Shelley Hennig Joins ' When We First Met ' ; Stephen Root Cast In ' Three Christs ' '' . Deadline . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 17 . ^ Jump up to : Kroll , Justin ( July 18 , 2016 ) . `` ' The DUFF ' Actor Robbie Amell to Co-Star with Adam Devine in ' When We First Met ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Retrieved July 20 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Scott , Mike ( July 11 , 2016 ) . `` Adam DeVine 's ' When We First Met ' to shoot in New Orleans '' . NOLA . Retrieved July 20 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` How We First Met ( 2018 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango . Retrieved March 2 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` How We First Met Reviews '' . Metacritic . CBS Interactive . Retrieved February 11 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Mansfield , Jessica . `` When We First Met '' . FilmInk . Retrieved March 2 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Hookstead , David ( February 11 , 2018 ) . `` Netflix 's ' When We First Met ' Is A Surprisingly Fun Time '' . The Daily Caller . Retrieved March 2 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Palmieri , Lea ( February 9 , 2018 ) . `` ' When We First Met ' Is ' Happy Death Day ' For Relationships '' . Decider . Retrieved March 2 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Teja , Ravi ( February 15 , 2018 ) . `` Adam DeVine Shines in the Netflix Original ' When We First Met ' '' . Age of the Nerd . Retrieved March 2 , 2018 . 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A Walk to Remember ( novel ) - wikipedia A Walk to Remember ( novel ) Jump to : navigation , search A Walk to Remember The cover of the first hardback edition of the novel Author Nicholas Sparks Country United States Language English Genre Drama , romance Publisher Warner Books Publication date October 1999 Media type Print ( hardcover , paperback ) Pages 240 ISBN 0 - 446 - 60895 - 5 OCLC 44913996 A Walk to Remember is a novel by American writer Nicholas Sparks , released in October 1999 . The novel , set in 1958 -- 1959 in Beaufort , North Carolina , is a story of two teenagers who fall in love with each other despite the disparity of their personalities . A Walk to Remember is adapted in the film of the same name . Contents ( hide ) 1 Writing 2 Plot summary 3 Characters 4 Reception 5 Adaptation 6 See also 7 Bibliography 8 References 9 External links Writing ( edit ) Sparks wrote the manuscripts for A Walk to Remember , his third novel , in the summer of 1999 . He wrote it in North Carolina , which is the setting of the novel . Like his first published novel The Notebook , the prologue to A Walk to Remember was written last . The title A Walk to Remember was taken from one of the tail end pages of the novel : `` In every way , a walk to remember . '' The novel is written in first - person , and its narrator is a seventeen - year - old boy , living in the 1950s . The novel was inspired by Sparks ' sister , Danielle Sparks Lewis , who later died of cancer in June 2000 . Although the story is largely fictional , certain parts were based on real experiences . For example , his sister , just like Jamie , was never popular at school and always wore an ugly sweater . And just like Jamie , she always carried the Bible around with her every where she went . And just like Landon and Jamie , never in a thousand years did anyone think someone would ever deeply fall head - over-heels for her . His sister 's husband proposed marriage to her despite her sickness . After her death , Sparks said in the eulogy : `` ... I suppose I wrote this novel not only so that you could get to know my sister , but so that you would know what a wonderful thing it was that her husband once did for her . '' Plot summary ( edit ) The story starts with a prologue from Landon Carter at age 56 . The remainder of the story takes place when Landon is a 17 - year - old high school senior . Landon lives in the small , religious town of Beaufort , North Carolina . His father is a genial , charismatic congressman . His father is not around very much , as he lives in Washington , D.C. Landon is more reclusive , which causes some tension in their relationship . Landon 's father pressures him into running for class president . His best friend , Eric Hunter , who is the most popular boy in school , helps him and , to his surprise , Landon wins the election . As student body president , Landon is required to attend the school dance with a date . He asks many girls , but none are available . That night , he looks through his yearbook , trying to find an acceptable date . Since nobody else seems to be available , Landon reluctantly asks Jamie Sullivan , the daughter of Hegbert Sullivan , the Beaufort church minister , who accepts his invitation . While Jamie is very religious and carries a Bible with her wherever she goes , Landon ( one of the popular students ) is reluctant to go to the dance with someone like her . When Landon is threatened by Lew , Jamie comes to Landon 's aid , to his appreciation . At the end of the night , he admits she was the best date possible . A few days later , Jamie asks Landon to participate in the school 's production of The Christmas Angel . While Landon is not very enthusiastic about participating , he agrees to it anyway . Jamie , on the other hand , could not be happier about her new castmate . Landon knows that if his friends learn about his role in the play , he will be teased relentlessly . One day at rehearsal , Jamie asks if Landon will walk her home , after which it becomes routine . A couple of days later , Eric mocks the couple during their walk home and Landon becomes truly embarrassed to be with Jamie . Meanwhile , Landon continues to learn about all the people and organizations Jamie spends her time helping , including an orphanage . Landon and Jamie visit the orphanage one day to discuss a possible showing of The Christmas Angel , but their proposal is quickly rejected by Mr. Jenkins . When Jamie and Landon were waiting to meet Mr. Jenkins , she tells Landon that all she wants in the future is to get married in a church full of people and to have her father walk her down the aisle . While Landon thinks this is a strange wish , he accepts it . In truth , he is beginning to enjoy his time with her . One day , while they are walking home , Landon yells at Jamie and he tells her that he is not friends with her . The next day at the first show of The Christmas Angel , Jamie enters the stage dressed as the angel , making Landon simply utter his line , `` You 're beautiful '' , meaning it for the first time . Following that , Jamie asks Landon if he would go around town and retrieve the jars containing money collected for the orphans ' Christmas presents . When Landon collects the jars , there is only $55.73 , but when he gives the money to Jamie , there is $247 . Jamie buys gifts for the orphanage , and Landon and Jamie spend Christmas Eve there . Jamie 's Christmas gift to Landon is her deceased mother 's Bible . As they get in the car to go home , Landon realizes his true feelings for her . `` All I could do is wonder how I 'd ever fallen in love with a girl like Jamie Sullivan '' . He invites her to his house for Christmas dinner . The next day Landon visits Jamie at her house , where they share their first kiss on her porch . Afterward , Landon asks Hegbert if they can go to Flavin 's , a local restaurant , on New Year 's Eve . While Hegbert initially refuses , after Landon declares his love for Jamie , Hegbert allows it . On New Year 's Jamie and Landon go to dinner , where they share their first dance . A couple of weeks later , Landon tells Jamie that he is in love with her . To his surprise , Jamie replies by insisting that he can not be . In response , Landon demands an explanation , and Jamie reveals that she is dying of leukemia . The following Sunday , Hegbert announces to his congregation that his daughter is dying . Jamie does not return to school the following Monday and that it is eventually learned that she is too ill and will never return to school . While they are having dinner at Landon 's house , Jamie tells Landon , `` I love you , too '' , for the first time . A couple weeks later , Eric and Margaret visit Jamie 's house , where they apologize for ever being rude to her . Eric gives Jamie the $400 that he collected for the orphanage . Jamie refuses to stay at the hospital , because she wants to die at home . In turn , Landon 's father helps to provide Jamie the best equipment and doctors so she can spend the rest of her life at home . This gesture helps to mend the gap between father and son . One day , while sitting next to Jamie while she sleeps , Landon comes up with an idea . He runs to the church to find Hegbert and asks him for permission to marry Jamie . While Hegbert is reluctant , his refusal to deny Landon 's request is seen by Landon as approval . Landon runs back to Jamie 's side and asks , `` Will you marry me ? '' Landon and Jamie are married in a church full of people . Although she was weak and was in a wheelchair , she insisted on walking down the aisle so that her father could give her away which was part of her dream . Landon remembers thinking `` It was ... the most difficult walk anyone ever had to make . In every way , a walk to remember '' . When they reach the front of the church , Hegbert says , `` I can no more give Jamie away than I can give away my heart . But what I can do is let another share in the joy that she has always given me '' . Hegbert has had to experience so much pain in his life , first losing his wife , now knowing his only child will soon be gone , too . The book ends with Landon 40 years later at age 57 . He still loves Jamie and wears her ring . He finishes the story by saying , `` I now believe , by the way , that miracles can happen '' . Characters ( edit ) Jamie Sullivan is the daughter of the Beaufort church minister Hegbert Sullivan . She is very religious , sweet , and kind . Landon Carter is a son of a rich family , the narrator of the novel . Hegbert Sullivan is Jamie 's father . He is the Beaufort church minister . His wife died shortly after giving birth to Jamie . He is very old with `` translucent skin '' ; he is often crabby but his daughter describes him as having `` a good sense of humor '' . He wrote the local play , The Christmas Angel but he maintains a strong dislike for Mr. Carter due to his father 's choices . Mrs. Carter is the mother of Landon Carter . `` She ( is ) a nice lady , sweet and gentle . '' Mr. Carter is the father of Landon Carter . He is a congressman in North Carolina and is gone nine months out of the year because he lives in Washington D.C. Angela Clark is the first girlfriend of Landon and then begins dating Lew . Carey Denison is the treasurer at Landon 's high school as well as a tuba player . He is unproportional , with short arms , a large stomach , and a squeaky voice . Lew is Angela Clark 's boyfriend , who `` ( is ) twenty years old and ( works ) as a mechanic '' and `` always ( wears ) a white T - shirt with a pack of Camels folded into the sleeve '' . Miss Garber is the drama teacher at Landon 's high - school . `` She ( is ) big , at least 6'2 '' , with flaming red hair and pale skin that ( shows ) her freckles well into her forties . '' Her favorite word is marvelous . Eric Hunter is Landon 's best friend , who does more making fun , than being an actual friend . The popular jock at school , he starts out very crude , but when tragedy strikes his longtime friend , he shows that he is sympathetic . Eddie Jones is not well liked by the drama department . He was scheduled to play the main character in the play , but is demoted to the `` bum '' when Landon steps in . He is extremely apathetic . Jamie 's dead mother is a minor role . Described as `` a wispy little thing '' , she died while giving birth to Jamie , and is greatly missed by Hegbert and Jamie . Margaret , a cheerleader , is Eric 's girlfriend . Reception ( edit ) The novel was published in the fall of October 1999 in hardcover print , and later in paperback edition . It spent nearly six months in the best - seller list on hardcover , and an additional four months on paperback . The novel received mixed reviews from critics . The Sunday New York Post holds that it `` never fails to be interesting , touching , at times riveting ... a book you wo n't soon forget '' . African Sun Times echoes the former 's comments , saying , `` A remarkable love story that , like its predecessors , will touch the hearts of readers everywhere . '' New York Daily News compliments Sparks , commenting that he `` has written a sweet tale of young but everlasting love , and though he 's told us to expect both joy and sadness , the tears will still come '' . Clarissa Cruz of Entertainment Weekly , however , panned the novel , saying , `` With its cliche - riddled prose and plot twists that can be predicted after skimming the prologue , Nicholas Sparks ' latest , A Walk To Remember , reads more like the script for a bad after - school special than anything approaching literature . '' Although the novel is number 12 on their list of 1999 Bestsellers Fiction , Publishers Weekly described it as `` a forced coming of age story '' and `` the author 's most simple , formulaic , and blatantly melodramatic package to date '' . Theresea Parks from Publishers Weekly goes on to say how many will be disappointed stating , `` Readers may be frusturated with the invariable formula that Sparks seems to regurgitate with regularity '' . She also writes that it is especially similar to The Notebook in its `` corny flashback device that mimics The Notebook '' . Overall , Publishers Weekly expressed its disappointment . Adaptation ( edit ) A Walk to Remember was adapted in the film of the same name , becoming Sparks ' second novel adapted to the big screen after Message in a Bottle in 1999 . Sparks sold the film rights to Warner Bros. in December 1998 , months before the publication of the novel . The movie was directed by Adam Shankman and produced by Denise DiNovi and Hunt Lowry for Warner Bros. ; the film premiered on January 25 , 2002 . The film , starring singer and actress Mandy Moore ( Jamie ) and Shane West ( Landon ) , is set in the late 1990s . Sparks and the producer thought that because the film was suitable for teenagers `` because of the message it provided '' , they had to make the adaptation more contemporary . See also ( edit ) Books portal 1990s portal United States portal Novels portal Love Story ( novel ) Bibliography ( edit ) Sparks , Nicholas . A Walk to Remember . Warner Books : New York , 1999 . ISBN 0 - 446 - 52553 - 7 . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` General Information on A Walk to Remember '' . Nicholassparks.com . Archived from the original on 14 September 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Notes on the Writing of A Walk to Remember '' . Nicholassparks.com . Archived from the original on 14 September 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 26 . Jump up ^ Sparks , Nicholas ( 1999 ) . Jamie Raab , ed . A Walk to Remember . United States : Warner Books . p. 237 . ISBN 0 - 446 - 60895 - 5 . ^ Jump up to : `` Frequently Asked Questions About A Walk to Remember '' . Nicholassparks.com . Archived from the original on 2009 - 10 - 22 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 26 . ^ Jump up to : `` Notes on the Writing of A Walk to Remember '' . Nicholassparks.com . Archived from the original on 1 December 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 26 . Jump up ^ Sparks , p. x Jump up ^ Sparks , p. xi Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 1 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 9 ^ Jump up to : Sparks , p. 28 ^ Jump up to : Sparks , p. 32 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 33 ^ Jump up to : Sparks , p. 16 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 44 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 56 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 61 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 73 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 77 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 83 Jump up ^ sparks , p. 108 Jump up ^ sparks , p. 120 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 88 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 102 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 99 Jump up ^ Sparks , pp. 124 -- 125 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 134 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 135 Jump up ^ Sparks , pp. 140 -- 142 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 145 Jump up ^ Sparks , pp. 147 -- 148 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 153 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 154 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 171 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 180 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 181 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 183 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 188 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 190 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 191 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 193 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 197 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 209 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 211 Jump up ^ Sparks , pp. 212 -- 213 Jump up ^ Sparks , pp. 219 -- 220 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 222 Jump up ^ Sparks , pp. 227 -- 228 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 228 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 229 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 232 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 236 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 237 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 239 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 240 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 16 ^ Jump up to : Sparks , p. 3 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 116 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 10 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 13 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 9 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 12 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 32 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 34 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 18 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 19 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 114 Jump up ^ Sparks , p. 78 ^ Jump up to : `` Reviews of A Walk to Remember '' . Nicholassparks.com . Archived from the original on 2008 - 05 - 02 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ Cruz , Clarissa ( 1999 - 10 - 15 ) . `` A WALK TO REMEMBER ( 1999 ) '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on 23 October 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 25 . Jump up ^ Howell , Kevin ( 2008 - 03 - 24 ) . `` Bestselling Books of the Year , 1996 - 2006 '' . Publishers Weekly . Reed Business Information , Inc . Archived from the original on 2009 - 02 - 10 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ `` Editorial Reviews '' . Publishers Weekly . Reed Business Information , Inc. 1999 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 31 . ^ Jump up to : `` A Walk to Remember by Nicholas Sparks '' . Barnes and Nobles . ^ Jump up to : `` Movie Adaptation '' . Nicholassparks.com . Archived from the original on 14 September 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 26 . External links ( edit ) Official Nicholas Sparks website ( hide ) Nicholas Sparks Novels The Notebook ( 1996 ) Message in a Bottle ( 1998 ) A Walk to Remember ( 1999 ) The Rescue ( 2000 ) A Bend in the Road ( 2001 ) Nights in Rodanthe ( 2002 ) The Guardian ( 2003 ) The Wedding ( 2003 ) True Believer ( 2005 ) At First Sight ( 2006 ) Dear John ( 2006 ) The Choice ( 2007 ) The Lucky One ( 2008 ) The Last Song ( 2009 ) Safe Haven ( 2010 ) The Best of Me ( 2011 ) The Longest Ride ( 2013 ) See Me ( 2015 ) Two by Two ( 2016 ) Non-fiction Wokini : A Lakota Journey to Happiness and Self - Understanding ( 1990 ) Three Weeks with My Brother ( 2004 ) Film adaptations Message in a Bottle ( 1999 ) A Walk to Remember ( 2002 ) The Notebook ( 2004 ) Nights in Rodanthe ( 2008 ) Dear John ( 2010 ) The Last Song ( 2010 ) The Lucky One ( 2012 ) Safe Haven ( 2013 ) The Best of Me ( 2014 ) The Longest Ride ( 2015 ) The Choice ( 2016 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Walk_to_Remember_(novel)&oldid=801362763 '' Categories : 1958 in fiction 1959 in fiction 1999 American novels American novels adapted into films American romance novels American young adult novels Books about cancer Carteret County , North Carolina Novels by Nicholas Sparks Novels set in North Carolina Novels set in the 1950s Warner Books books Hidden categories : Pages to import images to Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Català Čeština Dansk Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Македонски Bahasa Melayu नेपाली Polski Svenska Українська Tiếng Việt Edit links This page was last edited on 19 September 2017 , at 06 : 38 . 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Question: who is the writer of a walk to remember


Geothermal Energy in the United States - wikipedia Geothermal Energy in the United States Jump to : navigation , search Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Plants 2.1 By state 3 Production and development 4 Reliability 5 Environmental effects 6 See also 7 References 8 External links History ( edit ) According to archaeological evidence , geothermal resources have been in use on the current territory of the United States for more than 10,000 years . The Paleo - Indians first used geothermal hot springs for warmth , cleansing , and minerals . The first commercial geothermal power plant producing power to the U.S. utility grid opened at The Geysers in California in 1960 , producing eleven megawatts of net power . The Geysers system continues to operate successfully today , and the complex has grown into the largest geothermal development in the world , with an output of 750 MW . Plants ( edit ) Map showing geothermal power capacity by state in 2000 ( USGS ) . The largest dry steam field in the world is the Geysers , 116 km ( 72 mi ) north of San Francisco . It was here that Pacific Gas and Electric began operation of the first successful geothermal electric power plant in the United States in 1960 . The original turbine lasted for more than 30 years and produced 11 MW net power . The Geysers has 1517 megawatt ( MW ) of active installed capacity with an average capacity factor of 63 % . Calpine Corporation owns 15 of the 18 active plants in the Geysers and is currently the United States ' largest producer of geothermal energy . Two other plants are owned jointly by the Northern California Power Agency and the City of Santa Clara 's municipal Electric Utility ( now called Silicon Valley Power ) . The remaining Bottle Rock Power plant owned by the US Renewables Group has only recently been reopened . A nineteenth plant is now under development by Ram Power , formerly Western Geopower . Since the activities of one geothermal plant affects those nearby , the consolidation plant ownership at The Geysers has been beneficial because the plants operate cooperatively instead of in their own short - term interest . The Geysers is now recharged by injecting treated sewage effluent from the City of Santa Rosa and the Lake County sewage treatment plant . This sewage effluent used to be dumped into rivers and streams and is now piped to the geothermal field where it replenishes the steam produced for power generation . Another major geothermal area is located in south central California , on the southeast side of the Salton Sea , near the cities of Niland and Calipatria , California . In 2001 , there were 15 geothermal plants producing electricity in the area . CalEnergy owns about half of them and the rest are owned by various companies . Combined the plants have a capacity of about 570 MW . Hudson Ranch I geothermal plant , a 50 MW plant opened in May 2012 , the first in the area in 20 years . A second similar plant is to open in 2013 . The Basin and Range geologic province in Nevada , southeastern Oregon , southwestern Idaho , Arizona and western Utah is now an area of rapid geothermal development . Several small power plants were built during the late 1980s during times of high power prices . Rising energy costs have spurred new development . Plants in Nevada at Steamboat Springs , Brady / Desert Peak , Dixie Valley , Soda Lake , Stillwater and Beowawe now produce about 235 MW . By state ( edit ) Existing and planned US geothermal power generation , in February 2013 Installed geothermal capacity in megawatts ( MW ) by state as of February 2013 : State Capacity ( MW ) Share of U.S total California 2,732.2 80.7 % Nevada 517.5 15.3 % Utah 48.1 1.4 % Hawaii 38.0 1.1 % Oregon 33.3 1.0 % Idaho 15.8 0.5 % New Mexico 4.0 0.1 % Alaska 0.7 < 0.1 % Wyoming 0.3 < 0.1 % Total 3,389.9 100 % Production and development ( edit ) US electricity generated from geothermal sources 1960 - 2008 ( blue ) , and as a percentage of total US electricity ( red ) . With 3,040.27 MW of installed geothermal capacity , the United States remains the world leader with 30 % of the online capacity total . The future outlook for expanded production from conventional and enhanced geothermal systems is positive as new technologies promise increased growth in locations previously not considered . As of August 2008 , 103 new projects are under way in 13 U.S. states . When developed , these projects could potentially supply up to 3,979 MW of power , meeting the needs of about 4 million homes . At this rate of development , geothermal production in the United States could exceed 15,000 MW by 2025 . The most significant catalyst behind new industry activity is the Energy Policy Act of 2005 . This Act made new geothermal plants eligible for the full federal production tax credit , previously available only to wind power projects and certain kinds of biomass . It also authorized and directed increased funding for research by the Department of Energy , and enabled the Bureau of Land Management to address its backlog of geothermal leases and permits . Estimated subterranean temperatures at a depth of 6 kilometers In April 2008 , exploratory drilling began at Newberry Volcano in Oregon . In 2009 , investment bank Credit Suisse calculated that geothermal power costs 3.6 cents per kilowatt - hour , versus 5.5 cents per kilowatt - hour for coal , if geothermal receives loans with lower rates than offered by the market . '' Reliability ( edit ) Unlike some other renewable power sources such as wind and solar , geothermal energy is dispatchable , meaning that it is both available whenever needed , and can quickly adjust output to match demand . According to the US Energy Information Administration ( EIA ) , of all types of new electrical generation plants , geothermal generators have the highest capacity factor , a measure of how much power a facility actually generates as a percent of its maximum capacity . The EIA rates new geothermal plants as having a 92 % capacity factor , comparable to those of nuclear ( 90 % ) , and higher than gas ( 87 % ) , or coal ( 85 % ) , and much higher than those of intermittent sources such as onshore wind ( 34 % ) or solar photovoltaic ( 25 % ) . While the carrier medium for geothermal electricity ( water ) must be properly managed , the source of geothermal energy , the Earth 's heat , will be available , for most intents and purposes , indefinitely . In 2008 the USDOE funded research in Enhanced Geothermal Systems ( EGS ) to learn more about the fracture systems in geothermal reservoirs and better predict the results of reservoir stimulation . The DOE Geothermal Technologies Program ( part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ) provided funding to establish the National Geothermal Data System ( NGDS ) . Through the NGDS , many older paper archives and drill logs that are stored at state geological surveys are now being digitized and made available for free to the public . Environmental effects ( edit ) The underground hot water and steam used to generate geothermal power may contain chemicals that could pollute the air and water if released at the surface . Hydrogen sulfide , which is toxic in high concentrations , is sometimes found in geothermal systems . Newer methods of generating geothermal power separate the hot steam collected underground from the steam used to power turbines , and substantially reduce the risk of releasing air - polluting contaminants . The water mixed with the steam contains dissolved salts that can damage pipes and harm aquatic ecosystems . Some subsurface water associated with geothermal sources contain high concentrations of toxic elements such as boron , lead , and arsenic . Injection of water in enhanced geothermal systems may cause induced seismicity . Earthquakes at the Geysers geothermal field in California , the largest being Richter magnitude 4.6 , have been linked to injected water . `` Possible effects include scenery spoliation , drying out of hot springs , soil erosion , noise pollution , and chemical pollution of the atmosphere and of surface - and groundwaters . '' See also ( edit ) Renewable energy portal Energy portal Environment portal United States portal Aquaculture Biofuel in the United States Geothermal desalination Geothermal Energy Association Geothermal Resources Council Hydroelectric power in the United States List of renewable energy topics by country Renewable energy in the United States Solar power in the United States Wind power in the United States References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Archived 2007 - 10 - 12 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Lund , J. ( September 2004 ) , `` 100 Years of Geothermal Power Production '' ( PDF ) , Geo - Heat Centre Quarterly Bulletin , Klamath Falls , Oregon : Oregon Institute of Technology , 25 ( 3 ) , pp. 11 -- 19 , ISSN 0276 - 1084 , retrieved 2009 - 04 - 13 Jump up ^ McLarty , Lynn ; Reed , Marshall J. ( October 1992 ) . `` The U.S. Geothermal Industry : Three Decades of Growth '' ( PDF ) . Energy Sources , Part A : Recovery , Utilization , and Environmental Effects . London : Taylor & Francis . 14 ( 4 ) : 443 -- 455 . doi : 10.1080 / 00908319208908739 . ISSN 1556 - 7230 . Jump up ^ DiPippo , Ronald . Geothermal Power Plants , Second Edition : Principles , Applications , Case Studies and Environmental Impact . Butterworth - Heinemann . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7506 - 8620 - 4 . Jump up ^ Lund , John W. ; Bloomquist , R. Gordon ; Boyd , Tonya L. ; Renner , Joel ( 24 -- 29 April 2005 ) , `` The United States of America Country Update '' ( PDF ) , Proceedings World Geothermal Congress , Antalya , Turkey , retrieved 2009 - 11 - 09 Missing or empty title = ( help ) Jump up ^ All figures adjusted to include recently reopened Bottle Rock Power plant . Jump up ^ Baker , David R. ( January 14 , 2007 ) . `` Steamy industry may clear the air '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Lake County . p. F - 1 . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 09 . Jump up ^ 49.9 - MW Hudson Ranch I Geothermal Plant Unveiled in California , Meg Cichon , RenewableEnergyWorld.com Jump up ^ `` 2012 Annual US Geothermal Power Production and Development Report '' ( PDF ) . Geothermal Energy Association . February 2013 . Jump up ^ Danko , Pete . New Mexico joins the geothermal power ranks . Geothermal Power . Renewable Energy . Earth Techling . http://www.earthtechling.com/2014/01/new-mexico-joins-the-geothermal-power-ranks/ . Accessed 6 February 2014 . Jump up ^ Geothermal Industry Update March ^ Jump up to : Update : The State of U.S. Geothermal Production and Development Jump up ^ 6 Million American Households to be Powered by Geothermal Energy , New Survey Reports Archived 2007 - 05 - 27 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Gail Kinsey - Hill ( 2008 - 06 - 03 ) . `` Company Seeks Power From Crater '' . Vancouver Sun . p . B2 . Jump up ^ Christopher Mims `` Can Geothermal Power Compete with Coal on Price ? '' Scientific American , 2 March 2009 . Web . 9 Oct. 2009 . Jump up ^ US Energy Information Administration , Levelized cost of new generation resources , Annual Energy Outlook 2013 , 15 April 2013 . Jump up ^ Geothermal 101 : Basics of Geothermal Energy Production and Use p. 5 & 7 . Archived March 6 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` New Geothermal Data System Could Open Up Clean - Energy Reserves '' . Scientific American , William Ferguson on February 25 , 2013 Jump up ^ McFarland , Ernest L. `` Geothermal Energy . '' Macmillan Encyclopedia of Energy . Ed . Ed John Zumerchik . Vol. 2 . New York : Macmillan Reference USA , 2001 . 572 - 579 . Gale Virtual Reference Library . Web . 9 Oct. 2009 . Jump up ^ Raser Technologies - How Modular Geothermal Power Generation Works Archived 2011 - 07 - 03 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Alternative Energy Sources . '' UXL Encyclopedia of Science . Ed . Rob Nagel . 2nd ed . Detroit : UXL , 2007 . Student Resource Center Gold . Web . 9 Oct. 2009 . Jump up ^ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , The Geysers Jump up ^ Arnórsson , Stefán ( 2004 ) . `` Environmental impact of geothermal energy utilization '' . Special Publications . The Geological Society of London . 236 : 297 -- 336 . doi : 10.1144 / GSL. SP. 2004.236. 01.18 . Retrieved 2013 - 09 - 23 . External links ( edit ) GA Mansoori , N Enayati , LB Agyarko ( 2016 ) , Energy : Sources , Utilization , Legislation , Sustainability , Illinois as Model State , World Sci. Pub. Co. , ISBN 978 - 981 - 4704 - 00 - 7 Geothermal Energy Association Geothermal Resources Council Geothermal Lease Auction Signals New Trend in U.S. The Status of the U.S. Geothermal Industry Scaling Geothermal for Reliable Baseload Power Technological Innovation Driving Renewed Interest in Geothermal Energy Interior Department To Open 190 Million Acres to Geothermal Power Raser Ready to Deliver Power from Thermo Plant A History of Geothermal Energy in the United States Geothermal energy prospect in the United States Hawaii Groundwater & Geothermal Resources Center by the University of Hawaii at Manoa The Geothermal Collection by UH Manoa M 5.0 - 8km NW of The Geysers , California -- United States Geological Survey Geothermal energy Category : Geothermal energy Geothermal energy Geothermal power Geothermal heating Geothermal gradient By country Armenia Australia Canada Chile China Denmark El Salvador Energy in Ethiopia Germany Iceland Indonesia Italy Japan Kenya Lebanon Lithuania Mexico New Zealand Philippines Portugal Romania Russia Turkey United Kingdom United States Technologies Aquaculture Desalination Geothermal heat pump District heating Binary Cycle EGS Heat pump Hot dry rock Energy Concepts Baseload power Capacity factor Energy storage Energy subsidies EROEI Category Portals : Renewable energy Energy Sustainable development Renewable energy by country Africa Ethiopia Kenya Morocco Seychelles South Africa Asia Afghanistan Armenia Bangladesh Bhutan China India Kazakhstan Nepal Pakistan Palestine Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Europe European Union ( Czech Republic , Denmark , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Hungary , Ireland , Italy , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , Netherlands , Poland , Portugal , Spain , Sweden , United Kingdom ) Albania Iceland Norway Russia Turkey North America Canada Costa Rica Honduras Mexico United States Oceania Australia New Zealand Tuvalu South America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Category Portals : Energy Renewable energy Sustainable development Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geothermal_energy_in_the_United_States&oldid=809706239 '' Categories : Geothermal energy in the United States Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Pages with citations lacking titles All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from November 2015 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 10 November 2017 , at 21 : 44 . 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Question: where is geothermal energy used the most in the us


V sign - wikipedia V sign Jump to : navigation , search For the V sign of dermatomyositis , see Shawl sign . Not to be confused with V ( symbol ) . A Malaysian woman showing the V sign at the 2009 Moscow Spring Fest The V sign is a hand gesture in which the index and middle fingers are raised and parted , while the other fingers are clenched . It has various meanings , depending on the cultural context and how it is presented . When displayed with the palm inward towards the signer , it has long been an offensive gesture in some Commonwealth nations . In the 1940s , during the Second World War , a campaign by the Western Allies to use the sign with the back of the hand towards the signer ( U + 270C ✌ Victory hand in Unicode ) as a `` V for Victory '' sign proved quite effective . During the Vietnam War , in the 1960s , the `` V sign '' was widely adopted by the counterculture as a symbol of peace . Shortly thereafter , it also became adopted as a gesture used in photographs , especially in Japan . Contents ( hide ) 1 Usage 2 As an insult 2.1 Origins 3 Victory sign 3.1 Second World War : V for Victory campaign 3.2 Vietnam War , victory and peace 4 As a photography pose 4.1 Japan 4.2 Other East Asian countries 4.3 Elsewhere 5 Specific uses 6 Footnotes 7 References 8 External links Usage ( edit ) The meaning of the V sign is partially dependent on the manner in which the hand is positioned : Singer Robbie Williams using a V sign with palm facing himself as an insult to the observer . If the palm of the hand faces the signer ( i.e. , the back of the hand faces the observer ) , the sign can mean : An insulting gesture in Australia , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , South Africa and the United Kingdom . The number ' 2 ' in American Sign Language . With the back of the hand facing the signer ( palm of the hand facing the observer ) , it can mean : The number ' 2 ' . Victory -- in a setting of wartime or competition . It was first popularised in January 1941 by Victor de Laveleye , a Belgian politician in exile , who suggested it as a symbol of unity in a radio speech and the subsequent `` V for Victory '' campaign by the BBC . It is sometimes made using both hands with upraised arms as United States President Dwight Eisenhower , and in imitation of him , Richard Nixon , used to do . American actor Steve McQueen flashing the V sign for a mugshot , after being arrested for drunk driving . Peace , or friend -- used around the world by peace and counter-culture groups ; popularized in the American peace movement of the 1960s . The commonality with the symbol 's use from the 1940s was its meaning the `` end of war '' . V ( the letter ) -- used when spelling in American Sign Language . When used with movement , it can mean : Air quotes -- flexing fingers , palm out , both hands . This hand shape is also used in a number of signs in many sign languages , including ( in American Sign Language ) `` to look '' ( with the palm down ) or `` to see '' ( palm up ) . When the pointer and middle fingers are pointed at the signer 's eyes then turned and the pointer finger is pointed at someone it means `` I am watching you . '' The ordinal `` second '' in American Sign Language has the V - sign palm forward , then the hand turns ( yaws ) until the palm faces backward . As an insult ( edit ) The use of the V sign ( `` the forks '' ) as an insulting gesture , including the use of the upwards swing at the elbow . The insulting version of the gesture ( with the palm inwards U + 1F594 🖔 Reversed victory hand ) is often compared to the offensive gesture known as `` the finger '' . The `` two - fingered salute '' ( also `` the forks '' in Australia ) is commonly performed by flicking the V upwards from wrist or elbow . The V sign , when the palm is facing toward the person giving the sign , has long been an insulting gesture in England , and later in the rest of the United Kingdom , Ireland , Australia , India , Pakistan and New Zealand . It is frequently used to signify defiance ( especially to authority ) , contempt , or derision . As an example of the V sign ( palm inward ) as an insult , on November 1 , 1990 , The Sun , a British tabloid , ran an article on its front page with the headline `` Up Yours , Delors '' next to a large hand making a V sign protruding from a Union Jack cuff . The Sun urged its readers to stick two fingers up at then President of the European Commission , Jacques Delors , who had advocated an EU central government . The article attracted a number of complaints about its alleged racism , but the now defunct Press Council rejected the complaints after the editor of The Sun stated that the paper reserved the right to use vulgar abuse in the interests of Britain . On April 3 , 2009 , Scottish football players Barry Ferguson and Allan McGregor were permanently banned from the Scottish national squad for showing the V sign while sitting on the bench during the game against Iceland . Both players were in their hotel bar drinking alcohol after the Scottish defeat to The Netherlands until around 11 am the next morning , meaning that both of the players breached the SFA discipline code before the incident as well , but the attitude shown by the V sign was considered to be so rude that the SFA decided never to include these players in the national line - up again . Ferguson also lost the captaincy of Rangers as a result of the controversy . McGregor 's ban was lifted by then SFA manager Craig Levein and he returned to Scotland national squad in 2010 . Steve McQueen gives the sign in the closing scene of the 1971 motorsport movie , Le Mans . A still picture of the gesture was recorded by photographer Nigel Snowdon and has become an icon of both McQueen and the film itself . The gesture was also flashed by Spike ( played by James Marsters ) in `` Hush '' , a Season 4 episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer . The scene was also featured in the series ' opening credits for all of Season 5 . It was censored by BBC Two only in its early - evening showings of the program . For a time in the UK , `` a Harvey ( Smith ) '' became a way of describing the insulting version of the V sign , much as `` the word of Cambronne '' is used in France , or `` the Trudeau salute '' is used to describe the one - fingered salute in Canada . This happened because , in 1971 , show - jumper Harvey Smith was disqualified for making a televised V sign to the judges after winning the British Show Jumping Derby at Hickstead . His win was reinstated two days later . Harvey Smith pleaded that he was using a Victory sign , a defence also used by other figures in the public eye . Sometimes foreigners visiting the countries mentioned above use the `` two - fingered salute '' without knowing it is offensive to the natives , for example when ordering two beers in a noisy pub , or in the case of the United States president George H.W. Bush , who , while touring Australia in 1992 , attempted to give a `` peace sign '' to a group of farmers in Canberra -- who were protesting about U.S. farm subsidies -- and instead gave the insulting V sign . Origins ( edit ) A commonly repeated legend claims that the two - fingered salute or V sign derives from a gesture made by longbowmen fighting in the English and Welsh archers at the Battle of Agincourt ( 1415 ) during the Hundred Years ' War , but no historical primary sources support this contention . This origin legend states that archers who were captured by the French had their index and middle fingers cut off so that they could no longer operate their longbows , and that the V sign was used by uncaptured and victorious archers in a display of defiance against the enemy . However , it was common practice in warfare of that period to summarily execute common soldiers , since they held no ransom value . Alternatively , there is evidence against this interpretation as the chronicler Jean de Wavrin , contemporary of the battle of Agincourt , reports that the captured archers would have three fingers cut , and not two . Wielding an English longbow requires three fingers , as is the case for modern bows . The first unambiguous evidence of the use of the insulting V sign in the United Kingdom dates to 1901 , when a worker outside Parkgate ironworks in Rotherham used the gesture ( captured on the film ) to indicate that he did not like being filmed . Peter Opie interviewed children in the 1950s and observed in The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren that the much - older thumbing of the nose ( cocking a snook ) had been replaced by the V sign as the most common insulting gesture used in the playground . Between 1975 and 1977 a group of anthropologists including Desmond Morris studied the history and spread of European gestures and found the rude version of the V - sign to be basically unknown outside the British Isles . In his Gestures : Their Origins and Distribution , published in 1979 , Morris discussed various possible origins of this sign but came to no definite conclusion : because of the strong taboo associated with the gesture ( its public use has often been heavily penalised ) . As a result , there is a tendency to shy away from discussing it in detail . It is `` known to be dirty '' and is passed on from generation to generation by people who simply accept it as a recognised obscenity without bothering to analyse it ... Several of the rival claims are equally appealing . The truth is that we will probably never know ... Victory sign ( edit ) Second World War : V for victory campaign ( edit ) Winston Churchill , British prime minister , giving a V sign in 1943 . On 14 January 1941 , Victor de Laveleye , former Belgian Minister of Justice and director of the Belgian French - language broadcasts on the BBC ( 1940 -- 44 ) , suggested in a broadcast that Belgians use a V for victoire ( French : `` victory '' ) and vrijheid ( Dutch : `` freedom '' ) as a rallying emblem during the Second World War . In the BBC broadcast , de Laveleye said that `` the occupier , by seeing this sign , always the same , infinitely repeated , ( would ) understand that he is surrounded , encircled by an immense crowd of citizens eagerly awaiting his first moment of weakness , watching for his first failure . '' Within weeks chalked up Vs began appearing on walls throughout Belgium , the Netherlands and Northern France . Buoyed by this success , the BBC started the `` V for Victory '' campaign , for which they put in charge the assistant news editor Douglas Ritchie posing as `` Colonel Britton '' . Ritchie suggested an audible V using its Morse code rhythm ( three dots and a dash ) . As the rousing opening bars of Beethoven 's Fifth Symphony had the same rhythm , the BBC used this as its call - sign in its foreign language programmes to occupied Europe for the rest of the war . The more musically educated also understood that it was the Fate motif `` knocking on the door '' of the Third Reich . ( Listen to this call - sign . ( help info ) ) . The BBC also encouraged the use of the V gesture introduced by de Laveleye . By July 1941 , the emblematic use of the letter V had spread through occupied Europe . On 19 July , Prime Minister Winston Churchill referred approvingly to the V for Victory campaign in a speech , from which point he started using the V hand sign . Early on he sometimes gestured palm in ( sometimes with a cigar between the fingers ) . Later in the war , he used palm out . After aides explained to the aristocratic Churchill what the palm in gesture meant to other classes , he made sure to use the appropriate sign . Yet the double - entendre of the gesture might have contributed to its popularity , `` for a simple twist of hand would have presented the dorsal side in a mocking snub to the common enemy '' . Other allied leaders used the sign as well . The Germans could not remove all the signs , so adopted the V Sign as a German symbol , sometimes adding laurel leaves under it , painting their own V 's on walls , vehicles and adding a massive V on the Eiffel Tower . In 1942 , Aleister Crowley , a British occultist , claimed to have invented the usage of a V - sign in February 1941 as a magical foil to the Nazis ' use of the Swastika . He maintained that he passed this to friends at the BBC , and to the British Naval Intelligence Division through his connections in MI5 , eventually gaining the approval of Winston Churchill . Crowley noted that his 1913 publication Magick featured a V - sign and a swastika on the same plate . Resistance graffiti on a Norwegian road , depicting the V - sign together with the initials of King Haakon VII . A German V - sign and slogan on the Palais Bourbon in occupied Paris . The banner beneath the `` V '' reads `` Germany is Victorious on All Fronts '' . The V - sign ( and its morse code equivalent ) incorporated on an American propaganda poster for the War Production Board , 1942 or 1943 . Vietnam War , victory and peace ( edit ) Nixon departing the White House on 9 August 1974 U.S. President Richard Nixon used the gesture to signal victory in the Vietnam War , an act which became one of his best - known trademarks . He also used it on his departure from public office following his resignation in 1974 . Protesters against the Vietnam War ( and subsequent anti-war protests ) and counterculture activists adopted the gesture as a sign of peace . Because the hippies of the day often flashed this sign ( palm out ) while saying `` Peace '' , it became popularly known ( through association ) as the peace sign . As a photography pose ( edit ) Japan ( edit ) Young Japanese women giving V gesture in Tokyo ( 2006 ) The V sign , primarily palm - outwards , is very commonly made by Japanese people , especially younger people , when posing for informal photographs , and is known as pīsu sain ( ピース サイン , peace sign ) , or more commonly simply pīsu ( ピース , peace ) . As the name reflects , this dates to the Vietnam War era and anti-war activists , though the precise origin is disputed . The V sign was known in Japan from the post-World War II Allied occupation of Japan , but did not acquire the use in photographs until later . In Japan , it is generally believed to have been influenced by Beheiren 's anti-Vietnam War activists in the late 1960s and Konica 's advertisement in 1971 . A more colorful account of this practice claims it was influenced by the American figure skater Janet Lynn during the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo , Hokkaidō . She fell during a free - skate period , but continued to smile even as she sat on the ice . Though she placed third in the competition , her cheerful diligence and persistence resonated with many Japanese viewers . Lynn became an overnight foreign celebrity in Japan . A peace activist , Lynn frequently flashed the V sign when she was covered in Japanese media , and she is credited by some Japanese for having popularized its use since the 1970s in amateur photographs . Because of its popularity in Japan , it exists as an Emoji and is in Unicode , as the sequence U + 270C , or ✌ . Other east asian countries ( edit ) In Mainland China , Hong Kong , South Korea and Taiwan , the V sign is a popular pose in photographs . It is used in both casual and formal settings . For the most part in these countries , the gesture is divorced from its previous meanings as a peace sign or as an insult ; for most the meaning of the sign is `` victory '' or `` yeah '' , implying a feeling of happiness . It is used in both directions ( palm facing the signer and palm facing forward ) . In certain contexts the sign simply means `` two '' , such as when ordering or boarding a bus . The pose is gaining significant popularity in South Korea due to the common usage amongst Kpop idols and young people -- especially in selfies . V signing is commonly linked with aegyo , a popular trend in Korea meaning ' acting cutely ' . Elsewhere ( edit ) An investigator flashes V - for - victory signs upon the 2006 arrival of material gathered by the Stardust spacecraft at the Johnson Space Center in Texas . In the United States , the usage of the V sign as a photography gesture is known but not widely used . The original poster for the 2003 film What a Girl Wants showed star Amanda Bynes giving a V sign as an American girl visiting London . In the US , the poster was altered to instead show Bynes with both arms down , to avoid giving the perception that the film was criticizing the then - recently commenced Iraq War . Specific uses ( edit ) In Argentina , the V sign , besides `` victory '' , is linked to a political movement , Peronism . In South Africa after the Nationalist Party won the 1948 election with less voters than the opposition , V 's appeared as graffiti representing the word `` Volkswil '' ( will of the people ) and questioning thus the results . University of Southern California , University of Virginia , The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , and Villanova University students , alumni , and fans `` throw their Vs up '' in tradition and as a sign of pride of their university and athletic teams . The V sign in this form frequently accompanies the motto `` Fight on ! '' at USC . V sign , especially when printed in green , is a sign of the Iranian Green Movement . After the first elections in Iraq after the U.S. Invasion , a well known photo was circulated of a woman showing the V sign with one of her fingers dipped in purple ink . The ink is used to identify individuals who have already voted . In Poland during the Solidarity movement , protesters showed the V sign meaning they would defeat Communism . After partially free elections , when Tadeusz Mazowiecki was chosen as prime minister ( August 24 , 1989 ) , he went to the MPs with the V sign , which was transmitted on TV . It is sometimes shown during debates about the fall of Communism . In Romania the sign represents victory and has been used as an extension of the Roman salute to announce that victory has been achieved . It was used heavily during the Romanian revolution after the ousting of Nicolae Ceaușescu . Mircea Dinescu is appearing in the first transmission of the Romanian Television after the revolutionaries occupied it shouting `` We won ! '' and flashing the victory sign . During the Yugoslav Wars , Croatian and Bosnian troops and paramilitary militia used the sign as a greeting or an informal salute . U.S. and NATO peacekeepers stationed in Bosnia were forbidden to use the V - sign ( peace symbol ) to avoid upsetting or offending Serbs they might encounter . In Vietnam , the V sign means `` hello '' since the Vietnamese word for the number `` 2 '' sounds like the English pronunciation of the greeting `` hi '' . Ringo Starr of the Beatles uses the V sign extensively while quoting the phrase `` Peace and Love '' as a sort of catchphrase . A variation is to put the V sign with the fingers on either side of the mouth ( usually with the knuckles facing the observer ) and to stick the tongue out . Most of the time the tongue is wriggled around . This is used to signify cunnilingus and the gesture is often off - colour . A partially obscured V sign can be added to someone else 's head to produce devil 's horns or `` bunny ears '' for an amusing photo . In September 2013 , Manu Tuilagi apologised to Prime Minister David Cameron after making a `` bunny ears '' sign behind his head in a photo taken during a visit by the British and Irish Lions squad to Downing Street . In Indonesia , candidate of presidential election Joko Widodo use that sign for political campaign . The sign called `` Salam Dua Jari '' . In Belgium , the New Flemish Alliance ( N - VA ) political party uses it as a rallying gesture . During the taking the oath of the actual Belgian federal government , three N - VA ministers used the V sign instead of the formal three - fingers sign . Lech Wałęsa and George H.W. Bush , July 1989 Singer Rihanna using the V sign , 2011 . 2009 Iranian election protests Footnotes ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Victory Hand '' . emojipedia.org Emojipedia.org . ^ Jump up to : V sign as an insult : UK : Staff . No ban for speeding V - sign biker BBC 14 March 2008 UK : Staff . Two fingers Prescott BBC , 22 May 2001 IE : Staff . Shambolic Irish give two fingers to the past Irish Independent AU : Keim , Tony ( 18 November 2008 ) . `` Long tradition of flipping the bird '' . Courier Mail . Retrieved 14 April 2011 . AU : Karl S. Kruszelnicki . Arrow Up Yours & Plague 1 www.abc.net.au . Accessed 23 April 2008 NZ : Glyn Harper Just the Answer Alumni Magazine ( Massey University ) November 2002 . Jump up ^ Eric Patridge , Tom Dalzell , Terry Victor . ( 2008 . ) The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English , Routledge , p. 683 . ISBN 0 - 203 - 96211 - 7 Jump up ^ `` 20th July 1941 : ' V for Victory ' widespread across Europe '' . ww2today.com . Jump up ^ Zelinsky , Nathaniel ( 18 March 2011 ) . `` From Churchill to Libya : How the V symbol went viral '' . Washington Post . Retrieved 14 December 2015 . Jump up ^ Staff . American Manual Alphabet Chart Center for Disability Information & Referral ( CeDIR ) , Indiana Institute on Disability and Community at Indiana University Jump up ^ Gary Martin . `` Air quotes '' . phrases.org.uk . Jump up ^ `` '' see '' American Sign Language ( ASL ) `` . lifeprint.com . Jump up ^ `` '' numbers '' ASL American Sign Language `` . lifeprint.com . Jump up ^ `` The Unicode Standard , Version 8.0 , range 2700 -- 27BF '' ( PDF ) . unicode.org . Jump up ^ Tony Keim `` Long tradition of flipping the bird '' , Courier Mail , November 18 , 2008 , accessed April 14 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Staff Henry V , British Shakespeare Company. Accessed 23 April 2008 Jump up ^ Defiance , contempt or derision : Staff , V - sign , encyclopedia.com cites The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English 2008 `` Brit . a similar sign made with the first two fingers pointing up and the back of the hand facing outward , used as a gesture of abuse or contempt . '' Accessed 9 May 2008 . Staff . Hooligan grandson of legend , Daily Mirror , 20 December 2007 Staff . V - sign led to assault on school bus teens The Press ( York ) , 1 March 2008 Jump up ^ `` Up Yours Delors '' . The Sun . Archived from the original on 2011 - 10 - 26 . Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ Wheeler , Brian ( 2005 - 06 - 24 ) . `` BBC NEWS Politics From two jags to two fingers '' . Newswww.bbc.net.uk . Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ `` Finished : Furious Walter tells disgraced pair their Rangers days are over '' . Daily Mail . London . 3 April 2009 . Jump up ^ Barry Ferguson and Allan McGregor banned for life by Scotland , The Guardian , Friday 3 April 2009 Jump up ^ `` Gers strip Ferguson of captaincy '' . BBC News . 1 January 2007 . Retrieved 27 May 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Allen McGregor recalled to Scotland squad to face Sweden '' . The Daily Mail . August 2 , 2010 . Retrieved 6 March 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Sweden 3 - 0 Scotland '' . BBC . August 11 , 2010 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . Jump up ^ http://stvmcqueen.tripod.com/salute.jpg Jump up ^ Radar : Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Season 4 -- TV Tropes Jump up ^ Still photograph of the gesture in the Season 5 opening credits of Buffy the Vampire Slayer Jump up ^ Staff On this Day 15 August 1971 : ' V - sign ' costs rider victory `` BBC The infamous gesture won him an entry in the Chambers dictionary which defined ' a Harvey Smith ' as ' a V - sign with the palm inwards , signifying derision and contempt ' '' . Accessed 23 April 2008 ^ Jump up to : Staff . The V sign , www.icons.org.uk . Accessed 23 April 2008 Jump up ^ Webster Griffin Tarpley and Anton Chaitkin ( 2004 ) . George Bush : The Unauthorized Biography , Progressive Press paperback edition ( 2004 ) , p. 651 ( web link to Chapter - XXV - Thyroid Storm ) . Tarpley & Chaitkin cite the Washington Post , 3 January 1992 . Jump up ^ `` The Hundred Years War : Battle of Agincourt '' . britishbattles.com . Jump up ^ David Wilton , Word Myths : Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends , Oxford University Press , 2008 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 537557 - 2 . Jump up ^ `` Two fingers up to English history ... '' . The BS Historian. 2007 - 07 - 02 . Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 21 . Jump up ^ Wavrin , Jean de ( 1400 ? - 1474 ? ) . A collection of the chronicles and ancient histories of Great Britain , now called England . 2 . From A.D. 1399 to A.D. 1422 / by John de Wavrin , lord of Forestel ; transl . by William Hardy , ... and Edward L.C.P. Hardy , ... London : Longman . p. 203 . Jump up ^ `` Traditional English Draw '' . www.primitivearcher.com . Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 21 . ^ Jump up to : Staff . The V sign , www.icons.org.uk web.archive.org Jump up ^ `` Parkgate Iron and Steel Co. , Rotherham ( 1901 ) '' . YouTube . British Film Institute . Retrieved 13 November 2016 . ^ Jump up to : The V - campaign , Virtual Radiomuseum Jump up ^ C. Sterling , 2003 , Encyclopedia of Radio London : Taylor and Francis , page 359 . at Google Books Jump up ^ `` The V sign at BBC 's H2G2 website '' . Bbc.co.uk. 1990 - 11 - 01 . Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ `` Newswatch 1940s '' . news.bbc.co.uk . Retrieved 27 May 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Churchill outside Downing Street '' . Number-10.gov.uk . Archived from the original on December 2 , 2007 . Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ `` Churchill 's famous victory sign '' . Number-10.gov.uk . Archived from the original on 2007 - 06 - 13 . Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ Staff . `` The V Sign '' . The British Postal Museum & Archive ( BPMA ) . Jump up ^ James Jerman , Anthony Weir , Images of Lust : Sexual Carvings on Medieval Churches London : Routledge , 2013 , page 145 . Jump up ^ Kaczynski , Richard . Perdurabo : The Life of Aleister Crowley . North Atlantic Books , 2010 , p. 511 . ^ Jump up to : Staff . The Japanese Version ( the Sign of Peace ) ICONS . A portrait of England . Accessed 1 June 2008 Jump up ^ `` 雑誌 に 載っ た わたし . '' . 日刊 「 きのこ 」 skip の ブログ . Jump up ^ 1971 's buzzwords Jump up ^ Ascher - Walsh , Rebecca ( Apr 11 , 2003 ) . `` Sign of the Times '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved February 27 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Francisco , Ronald ( 2010 ) . Collective Action Theory and Empirical Evidence ( 1 ed . ) . Springer . p. 46 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4419 - 1475 - 0 . Subtle gestures , noise , and artwork are additional symbolic signs that dissidents use in coercive countries . Poland 's Solidarity 's signal was two fingers held up in the form of the letter V . This gesture diffused widely in Eastern Europe and now it is used in Palestine as a symbol of unity and nationalism . Jump up ^ `` End to 45 years of Red rule '' . New Straits Times . 1989 - 09 - 13 . Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 29 . Tadeusz Mazowlecki , who nearly fainted during his opening speech , flashed a V - for - victory sign as deputies voted his Cabinet into office by 402 -- 0 with 13 abstentions . Jump up ^ `` A Soldier 's Guide : Bosnia - Herzegovina '' . Dtic.mil . Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ `` Manu Tuilagi forced to apologise for playing prank on Prime Minister David Cameron in No 10 visit '' . Daily Telegraph . 17 September 2013 . Retrieved 17 September 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Prestation de serment : trois N - VA font le ' V ' , signe de la victoire et de ralliement de leur parti ( vidéo ) '' . RTL Newmedia . References ( edit ) Desmond Morris with Peter Collett , Peter Marsh and Marie O'Shaughnessy . Gestures : Their Origins and Distribution . London : Jonathan Cape , 1979 . ISBN 0 - 224 - 01570 - 2 ; NY : Stein and Day , ISBN 0 - 8128 - 2607 - 8 Armstrong , Nancy ; Wagner , Melissa ( 2003 ) . `` The ' V ' '' . Field Guide to Gestures : How to Identify and Interpret Virtually Every Gesture Known to Man . Philadelphia : Quirk Books . pp. 227 -- 30 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 931686 - 20 - 4 . Lefevre , Romana ( 2011 ) . `` V '' . Rude Hand Gestures of the World : A Guide to Offending Without Words . San Francisco : Chronicle Books . pp. 122 -- 3 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8118 - 7807 - 4 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to V - sign . Photos of the V sign : Churchill Outside no . 10 Churchill Victory Sign Nixon departing office Paavo Väyrynen after Finnish Centre party named him foreign trade and development minister Need4Peace The V sign in the news : Guardian 6 June 2002 : In pictures the V sign Sky News 18 June 2004 : OAP fined £ 100 for V sign BBC 3 April 2009 : Scottish footballers dropped for V sign ( hide ) Gestures Friendly gestures Air kiss Applause Cheek kiss Dap Elbow bump Eskimo kiss Finger heart Fist bump Forehead kiss Hand heart Handshake Hand wave Hat tip High five Hongi ILY sign Kiss Liberian snap handshake Namaste OK Pinky swear Pound hug Shaka Thumb signal Gestures of respect Adab Añjali Mudrā Bow Curtsey Gadaw Genuflection Hand - kiss Kowtow Kuji - in Mano Mudra Namaste Pranāma Prostration Sampeah Sembah Schwurhand Wai Zolgokh Salutes Bellamy salute Nazi salute Raised fist Roman salute Scout sign and salute Three - finger salute Two - finger salute Vulcan salute Zogist salute Celebratory gestures Applause Crossed hands Fist pump High five Victory clasp V sign Finger - counting Finger binary Chinese number gestures Chisanbop Obscene gestures Anasyrma Bras d'honneur Cornuto Fig sign Finger Mooning Mountza Reversed V sign Shocker Thumb / index - finger ring Wanker Taunts Akanbe Finger Loser Talk to the hand Head motions Head shake Head bobble Nod Other gestures Air quotes Allergic salute Aussie salute Awkward turtle Crossed fingers Facepalm Eyelid pull Finger gun Gang signal Hand - in - waistcoat Hand rubbing Jazz hands Laban sign Merkel diamond Pointing Pollice verso Shrug Sign of the cross Sign of the horns Related List of gestures Mudras Articulatory gestures Manual communication Nonverbal communication Sign language Surya Namaskara Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V_sign&oldid=837066852 '' Categories : Hand gestures Peace symbols Victory Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from January 2018 Articles with permanently dead external links Articles containing French - language text Articles containing Dutch - language text Articles with hAudio microformats Articles containing Japanese - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 16 more Edit links This page was last edited on 18 April 2018 , at 14 : 34 . 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Question: what does v sign in front of mouth mean