Beauty and the Beast - wikipedia Beauty and the Beast Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the fairy tale . For other uses , see Beauty and the Beast ( disambiguation ) . Illustration for Beauty and the Beast by Walter Crane . Beauty and the Beast ( French : La Belle et la Bête ) is a traditional fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle - Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins ( The Young American and Marine Tales ) . Her lengthy version was abridged , rewritten , and published first by Jeanne - Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in Magasin des enfants ( Children 's Collection ) and by Andrew Lang in the Blue Fairy Book of his Fairy Book series in 1889 , to produce the version ( s ) most commonly retold . It was influenced by some earlier stories , such as `` Cupid and Psyche '' , written by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensi in The Golden Ass in the 2nd century AD , and `` The Pig King '' . an Italian fairytale published by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in The Facetious Nights of Straparola . Variants of the tale are known across Europe . In France , for example , Zémire and Azor is an operatic version of the story , written by Marmontel and composed by Grétry in 1771 , which had enormous success well into the 19th century ; it is based on the second version of the tale . Amour pour amour ( Love for love ) , by Nivelle de la Chaussée , is a 1742 play based on de Villeneuve 's version . According to researchers at universities in Durham and Lisbon , the story originated around 4,000 years ago . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Villeneuve 's version 3 Commentary 4 Modern uses and adaptations 4.1 Literature 4.2 Film 4.3 Television 4.4 Theatre 4.5 Other 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Plot ( edit ) A widower merchant lives in a mansion with his six children , three sons and three daughters . All his daughters are very beautiful , but the youngest , Beauty , is the most lovely , as well as kind , well - read , and pure of heart ; while the two elder sisters , in contrast , are wicked , selfish , vain , and spoiled . They secretly taunt Beauty and treat her more like a servant than a sister . The merchant eventually loses all of his wealth in a tempest at sea which sinks most of his merchant fleet . He and his children are consequently forced to live in a small farmhouse and work for their living . Some years later , the merchant hears that one of the trade ships he had sent has arrived back in port , having escaped the destruction of its compatriots . Before leaving , he asks his children if they wish for him to bring any gifts back for them . The sons ask for weaponry and horses to hunt with , whereas his oldest daughters ask for clothing , jewels , and the finest dresses possible as they think his wealth has returned . Beauty is satisfied with the promise of a rose as none grow in their part of the country . The merchant , to his dismay , finds that his ship 's cargo has been seized to pay his debts , leaving him penniless and unable to buy his children 's presents . During his return , the merchant becomes lost during a storm . Seeking shelter , he enters a dazzling palace . A hidden figure opens the giant doors and silently invites him in . The merchant finds tables inside laden with food and drink , which seem to have been left for him by the palace 's invisible owner . The merchant accepts this gift and spends the night there . The next morning , as the merchant is about to leave , he sees a rose garden and recalls that Beauty had desired a rose . Upon picking the loveliest rose he can find , the merchant is confronted by a hideous `` Beast '' which tells him that for taking his most precious possession after accepting his hospitality , the merchant must die . The merchant begs to be set free , arguing that he had only picked the rose as a gift for his youngest daughter . The Beast agrees to let him give the rose to Beauty , but only if the merchant or one of his daughters will return . Beauty dines with the Beast in an illustration by Anne Anderson . The merchant is upset but accepts this condition . The Beast sends him on his way , with wealth , jewels and fine clothes for his sons and daughters , and stresses that Beauty must never know about his deal . The merchant , upon arriving home , tries to hide the secret from Beauty , but she pries it from him . Her brothers say they will go to the castle and fight the Beast , but the merchant dissuades them , saying they will stand no chance against the monster . Beauty then agrees to go to the Beast 's castle . The Beast receives her graciously and informs her that she is now mistress of the castle , and he is her servant . He gives her lavish clothing and food and carries on lengthy conversations with her . Every night , the Beast asks Beauty to marry him , only to be refused each time . After each refusal , Beauty dreams of a handsome prince who pleads with her to answer why she keeps refusing him , to which she replies that she can not marry the Beast because she loves him only as a friend . Beauty does not make the connection between the handsome prince and the Beast and becomes convinced that the Beast is holding the prince captive somewhere in the castle . She searches and discovers multiple enchanted rooms , but never the prince from her dreams . For several months , Beauty lives a life of luxury at the Beast 's palace , having every whim catered to by invisible servants , with no end of riches to amuse her and an endless supply of exquisite finery to wear . Eventually , she becomes homesick and begs the Beast to allow her to go see her family . He allows it on the condition that she returns exactly a week later . Beauty agrees to this and sets off for home with an enchanted mirror and ring . The mirror allows her to see what is going on back at the Beast 's castle , and the ring allows her to return to the castle in an instant when turned three times around her finger . Her older sisters are surprised to find her well fed and dressed in finery . Beauty tries to share the magnificent gowns and jewels the Beast gave her with her sisters , but they turn into rags at her sisters ' touch , and are restored to their splendour when returned to Beauty , as the Beast meant them only for her . Her sisters are envious when they hear of her happy life at the castle , and , hearing that she must return to the Beast on a certain day , beg her to stay another day , even putting onion in their eyes to make it appear as though they are weeping . They hope that the Beast will be angry with Beauty for breaking her promise and eat her alive . Beauty 's heart is moved by her sisters ' false show of love , and she agrees to stay . Illustration by Warwick Goble . Beauty begins to feel guilty about breaking her promise to the Beast and uses the mirror to see him back at the castle . She is horrified to discover that the Beast is lying half - dead from heartbreak near the rose bushes from which her father plucked the rose , and she immediately uses the ring to return to the Beast . Beauty weeps over the Beast , saying that she loves him . When her tears strike him , the Beast is transformed into the handsome prince from Beauty 's dreams . The Prince informs her that long ago a fairy turned him into a hideous beast after he refused to let her in from the rain and that only by finding true love , despite his ugliness , could the curse be broken . He and Beauty are married and they live happily ever after together . Villeneuve 's version ( edit ) Villeneuve 's original tale includes several elements that Beaumont 's omits . Chiefly , the backstory of both Beauty and the Beast is given . The Beast was a prince who lost his father at a young age , and whose mother had to wage war to defend his kingdom . The queen left him in care of an evil fairy , who tried to seduce him when he became an adult ; when he refused , she transformed him into a beast . Beauty 's story reveals that she is not really a merchant 's daughter but the offspring of a king and a good fairy . A wicked fairy had tried to murder Beauty so she could marry her father the king , and Beauty was put in the place of the merchant 's dead daughter to protect her . Villeneuve also gave the castle elaborate magic , which obscured the more vital pieces of it . Beaumont greatly pared down the cast of characters and simplified the tale to an almost archetypal simplicity . Commentary ( edit ) Painting of Petrus Gonsalvus ( c. 1580 ) Tatar ( 2017 ) compares the tale to the theme of `` animal brides and grooms '' found in folklore throughout the world , pointing out that the French tale was specifically intended for the preparation of young girls in 18th century France for arranged marriages . The urban opening is unusual in fairy tales , as is the social class of the characters , neither royal nor peasants . It may reflect the social changes occurring at the time of its first writing . Hamburger ( 2015 ) points out that the design of the Beast in the 1946 film adaptation by Jean Cocteau was inspired by the portrait of Petrus Gonsalvus , a native of Tenerife who suffered from hypertrichosis , causing an abnormal growth of hair on his face and other parts , and who came under the protection of the French king and married a beautiful Parisian woman named Catherine . Modern uses and adaptations ( edit ) The tale has been notably adapted for screen , stage , prose , and television over the years . Literature ( edit ) The Pig King , by Giovanni Francesco Straparola , an Italian fairytale published in The Facetious Nights of Straparola . The Scarlet Flower , a Russian fairy tale published in 1858 by Sergey Aksakov . Beauty and the Beast ... The Story Retold . Laura E. Richards . London : Blickie & Son , 1886 . Also , Boston : Roberts Brothers , 1886 . Beauty : A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast , 1978 and Rose Daughter , 1997 ( both by author Robin McKinley ) . `` The Courtship of Mr. Lyon '' , a story from Angela Carter 's The Bloody Chamber ( 1979 ) , is based on Madame Le Prince de Beaumont 's version . `` Beauty '' , a short story by Tanith Lee , is a science fiction retelling of `` Beauty and the Beast '' . It appeared in Lee 's anthology , Red as Blood , or Tales from the Sisters Grimmer , published in 1983 . The heroine is named Estár ; the Beast , a catlike telepathic alien , is never given a name that can be written or spoken in any human language . Fashion Beast , a 1985 screenplay by Alan Moore , was adapted into a graphic novel in 2012 . In The Last Wish ( 1993 ) by Andrzej Sapkowski , the story `` A Grain of Truth '' is very similar to `` Beauty and the Beast '' , though the beast enjoys being a beast and the daughters of various merchants willingly live with him in exchange for money . Lord of Scoundrels ( 1995 ) by Loretta Chase , a Regency romance and retelling of Beauty and the Beast The Fire Rose ( 1995 ) by Mercedes Lackey , part of the Elementals series . The Quantum Rose by Catherine Asaro is another science fiction retelling of `` Beauty and the Beast '' . It won the 2002 Nebula Award for Best Novel and the 2001 Affaire de Coeur Award for Best Science Fiction Novel . The first third of the novel appeared as a three - part serialization in Analog magazine in the 1999 May , June , and July / August issues . Tor Books published the full novel in 2000 . Beastly , written in 2007 by Alex Flinn , sets the story in modern - day Manhattan . Film ( edit ) A French version entitled La Belle et la Bête was made in 1946 , directed by Jean Cocteau , starring Jean Marais as the Beast and Josette Day as the Beauty . This version adds a subplot involving Belle 's suitor Avenant , also played by Marais . A 1952 animated feature film , The Scarlet Flower , based upon Aksakov 's aforementioned tale , was directed by Lev Atamanov and produced at the Soyuzmultfilm . It was restored at the Gorky Film Studio in 1987 , and is now widely available on several video and DVD editions in Russia ( an English - subtitled version has not been released ) . A 1962 version directed by Edward L. Cahn , starring Joyce Taylor and Mark Damon , had the Beast as a prince who transformed into a werewolf at night , with makeup by Universal 's Jack Pierce . In 1987 , The Cannon Group and Golan - Globus Productions released Beauty and the Beast , a musical live - action version , directed by Eugene Marner , starring John Savage as Beast , and Rebecca De Mornay as Beauty , with original music by Lori McKelvey . It was released on VHS in 1988 by Cannon Video , and on DVD in 2005 by MGM Home Entertainment . In 1991 , Walt Disney Feature Animation produced a musical animated film entitled Beauty and the Beast , directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale , with a screenplay by Linda Woolverton , and songs by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman . Like the 1946 version , the Disney version also names Beauty `` Belle '' and gives her a handsome suitor ( here named Gaston ) who eventually plots to kill the Beast . The Beast is depicted to having the head structure and horns of a bison , the jaws , teeth , and mane of a lion , the eyebrow of a gorilla , the tusks of a wild boar , the arms and body of a bear , and the hind legs and tail of a wolf . Children 's film producer Diane Eskenazi produced Beauty and the Beast , directed by Masakazu Higuchi and Chinami Namba , for Golden Films in 1993 . The film , which relied on moderate animation techniques but was mostly faithful to the original tale , featured classical compositions as opposed to an original soundtrack , featuring the works of many well - known popular composers . This film 's version of the Beast has the body of a gorilla , the mane of a lion , the snout and tusks of a common warthog , and the tail of a bull . The theme of the music video `` I 'd Do Anything for Love ( But I Wo n't Do That ) '' by Meat Loaf , released in 1993 , is adapted from Beauty and the Beast . A 2005 Viking period film directed by David Lister was alternately known as Beauty and the Beast and Blood of Beasts . A dark version of the fairy tale updated to modern times , director Robert Beaucage 's 2008 film Spike , was described ( at its premiere at the Edinburgh International Film Festival where it was chosen as part of the Best of the Fest ) as `` Angela Carter rewriting La Belle et la Bête as an episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer '' . Another modern take is Beastly starring Alex Pettyfer as the beast ( named Kyle ) and Vanessa Hudgens as the love interest ( named Lindy ) . Directed by Daniel Barnz it is based on the book Beastly mentioned above . Beauty and the Beast , a French - German film , released in 2014 . Beauty and the Beast , a Disney live - action remake of the 1991 animated film , starring Emma Watson and Dan Stevens , was released on March 17 , 2017 . Television ( edit ) George C. Scott appeared as the Beast in a made - for - TV rendition in 1976 , with his second wife , Patricia `` Trish '' Van Devere , co-starring alongside him as Belle in the film , which aired as part of the Hallmark Hall of Fame . Scott was nominated for an Emmy for his performance . In 1984 , Shelley Duvall 's Faerie Tale Theatre aired `` Beauty and the Beast '' , starring Klaus Kinski and Susan Sarandon . The script , sets , makeup , and costumes were based on the 1946 film . Beauty and the Beast , a television series which owed as much to detective shows and fantasy fiction as to the fairy tale , was originally broadcast from 1987 to 1989 . This was centered around the relationship between Catherine ( played by Linda Hamilton ) , an attorney who lived in New York City , and Vincent ( played by Ron Perlman ) , a gentle but lion - faced `` beast '' who dwells in the tunnels beneath the city . Wendy Pini created two issues of a comic - book adaptation of the TV series . The series was cancelled when ratings fell after Hamilton decided to leave the show at the end of the second season . Beauty and the Beast was featured in Grimm 's Fairy Tale Classics . In this version , the Beast had an ogre - like appearance and appeared at the Merchant 's house when his time to give him Beauty came . Outside of Beauty breaking the spell on the Beast enough to turn him back into a prince , the two of them sent birds to carry messages of their marriage . The narrator commented that he learned of this story because `` a little birdie told '' him . A version of `` Beauty and the Beast '' was featured in Happily Ever After : Fairy Tales for Every Child . The story is set in Africa and features the voices of Vanessa L. Williams as the Beauty , Gregory Hines as the Beast , Debbie Allen as Precious , Terrence C. Carson as the Tree , and Paul Winfield as the Father . A loose adaption of the story was featured in the animated series Stories from My Childhood . The voice cast included Amy Irving as the Beauty , Tim Curry as the Beast and Robert Loggia as the Beauty 's father . Beauty & the Beast ( 2012 ) is a reworking of the 1987 TV series with Jay Ryan and Kristin Kreuk reprising the roles that Perlman and Hamilton , respectively , had originated in that production . A variation of the story was incorporated into an episode of the ABC TV series Once Upon a Time entitled `` Skin Deep '' , in which Beauty / Belle is played by Emilie de Ravin and the Beast is Rumpelstiltskin ( played by Robert Carlyle ) . While Belle had appeared in Sofia the First , the Beast was n't featured . Instead , a variation of the story is used in the episode `` Beauty is the Beast '' where Princess Charlotte of Isleworth ( voiced by Megan Hilty ) was turned into a Beast by the powerful enchantress Zinessa ( voiced by Meredith Roberts Quill ) because she was rude and insensitive to Zinessa 's friend Morris the Goblin ( voiced by Andrew Rannells ) . The description of her Beast form is a cross between a human and a wild boar with a wolf - like tail . Once Princess Charlotte vouched for Morris the Goblin upon the royal guards arresting him and became friends with him in front of her parents King Philip and Queen Everly ( voiced by Fritz Sperburg and Jamie Denbo ) upon being encouraged by Sofia , the spell on Princess Charlotte was broken and Zinessa left in cat form while quoting to Princess Charlotte `` well done . '' After thanking Sofia who was transported back to Enchancia , Princess Charlotte invited Morris to the Summer Ball . Theatre ( edit ) In 1994 , Philip Glass wrote an opera , La Belle et la Bête , based on Cocteau 's film . Glass 's composition follows the film scene by scene , effectively providing a new original soundtrack for the movie . The Disney film was adapted for the stage as Beauty and the Beast by Linda Woolverton and Alan Menken , who had worked on the film . Howard Ashman , the original lyricist , had died , and additional lyrics were written by Tim Rice . In 2011 , a new ballet adaptation of Beauty and the Beast was created by choreographer David Nixon for Northern Ballet . Works by several composers , including Bizet and Poulenc , were used for the score . Other ( edit ) A hidden object game , Mystery Legends : Beauty and the Beast , was released in 2012 . The narrative of the Sierra Entertainment adventure game King 's Quest VI follows several fairy tales , and Beauty and the Beast is the focus of one multiple part quest . Stevie Nicks recorded a song based on the fairy tale for her 1983 solo album , The Wild Heart . Real Life based the video for their signature hit `` Send Me an Angel '' on the fairy story . Disco producer Alec R. Costandinos released a twelve inch by his side project Love & Kisses with the theme of the fairy - tale set to a disco melody in 1978 . See also ( edit ) Damsel in distress Eros and Psyche Noble savage Shapeshifting References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Windling , Terri . `` Beauty and the Beast , Old and New '' . The Journal of Mythic Arts . The Endicott Studio . Jump up ^ Stouff , Jean . `` La Belle et la Bête '' . Biblioweb . Jump up ^ Harrison , `` Cupid and Psyche '' , Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome ' , ' p. 339 . Jump up ^ Heidi Anne Heiner , `` Tales Similar to Beauty and the Beast '' Jump up ^ Thomas , Downing . Aesthetics of Opera in the Ancien Régime , 1647 -- 1785 . Cambridge : Cambridge UP , 2002 . Jump up ^ BBC . `` Fairy tale origins thousands of years old , researchers say '' . BBC News . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . Jump up ^ Betsy Hearne , Beauty and the Beast : Visions and Revisions of An Old Tale , p 22 -- 23 ISBN 0 - 226 - 32239 - 4 ^ Jump up to : Betsy Hearne , Beauty and the Beast : Visions and Revisions of An Old Tale , p 25 ISBN 0 - 226 - 32239 - 4 Jump up ^ Tatar , Maria ( March 7 , 2017 ) . Beauty and the Beast : Classic Tales of Animal Brides and Grooms from Around the World . Random House Penguin . ISBN 9780143111696 . Jump up ^ Gilbert , Sophie ( March 31 , 2017 ) . `` The Dark Morality of Fairy - Tale Animal Brides '' . The Atlantic . Retrieved 31 March 2017 . `` Maria Tatar points ( ... ) the story of Beauty and the Beast was meant for girls who would likely have their marriages arranged '' . Jump up ^ Maria Tatar , p 45 , The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales , ISBN 0 - 393 - 05163 - 3 Jump up ^ Andreas Hamburger in : Andreas Hamburger ( ed . ) Women and Images of Men in Cinema : Gender Construction in La Belle et La Bete by Jean Cocteau chapter 3 ( 2015 ) . see also : `` La Bella y la Bestia '' : Una historia real inspirada por un hombre de carne y hueso ( difundir.org 2016 ) Jump up ^ Crunelle - Vanrigh , Anny . `` The Logic of the Same and Différance : ' The Courtship of Mr. Lyon ' '' . In Roemer , Danielle Marie , and Bacchilega , Cristina , eds. ( 2001 ) . Angela Carter and the Fairy Tale , p. 128 . Wayne State University Press . Jump up ^ Wherry , Maryan ( 2015 ) . `` More than a Love Story : The Complexities of the Popular Romance '' . In Berberich , Christine . The Bloomsbury Introduction to Popular Fiction . Bloomsbury . p. 55 . ISBN 978 - 1441172013 . Jump up ^ David J. Hogan ( 1986 ) . Dark Romance : Sexuality In the Horror Film . Jefferson , North Carolina : McFarland & Company . p. 90 . ISBN 0 - 7864 - 0474 - 4 . Jump up ^ `` 50 's and 60 's Horror Movies B '' . The Missing Link . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ Russell A. Peck . `` Cinderella Bibliography : Beauty and the Beast '' . The Camelot Project at the University of Rochester . Archived from the original on 6 April 2010 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ Janet Maslin ( 13 November 1991 ) . `` Disney 's ' Beauty and the Beast ' Updated In Form and Content '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` Beauty and the Beast '' . Movie Review Film . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GNhdQRbXhc Jump up ^ Maslin , Janet . `` Beauty and the Beast : Overview '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ Jason Buchanan . `` Spike '' . All Movie Guide . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ Calum Waddell . `` Spike '' . Total Sci - Fi . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` Beauty & the Beast + Blood and Guts = Spike '' . HorrorMovies.ca. 11 January 2007 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` Festival Highlights : 2008 Edinburgh International Film Festival '' . Variety . 13 June 2008 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` Best of the Fest Programme at Edinburgh International Film Festival '' . The List . 25 June 2008 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ Robert Hope . `` Spike '' . Edinburgh International Film Festival . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ Larry Carroll ( 30 March 2010 ) . `` Vanessa Hudgens And Alex Pettyfer Get ' Intense ' In ' Beastly ' '' . MTV . Archived from the original on 5 April 2010 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ http://www.premiere.fr/Cinema/News-Cinema/Christophe-Gans-decrypte-sa-version-de-La-Belle-et-la-Bete Jump up ^ `` Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 ) '' . Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Alternate Versions for La Belle et la Bête '' . IMDb . Archived from the original on 11 April 2010 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 21 . Jump up ^ Tale as Old as Time : The Making of Beauty and the Beast . ( VCD ) . Walt Disney Home Entertainment . 2002 . Jump up ^ Thompson , Laura ( 19 December 2011 ) . `` Beauty and the Beast , Northern Ballet , Grand Theatre , Leeds , review '' . Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 8 June 2016 . Jump up ^ Mystery Legends : Beauty and the Beast Collector 's Edition ( PC DVD ) Jump up ^ KQ6 Game Play video External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Beauty and Beast . Wikisource has original text related to this article : Beauty and the Beast `` Beauty and the Beast : folktales of Aarne - Thompson type 425C Cinderella Bibliography -- includes an exhaustive list of B&tB productions in books , TV and recordings Original version and psychological analysis of Beauty and the Beast ( in French ) La Belle et la Bête , audio version ( hide ) Gabrielle - Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve 's Beauty and the Beast Film La Belle et la Bête ( 1946 ) The Scarlet Flower ( 1952 ) Beauty and the Beast ( 1962 ) Beauty and the Beast ( 1976 ) Panna a netvor ( 1978 ) Beauty and the Beast ( 1987 ) Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) soundtrack Beauty and the Beast ( 1992 ) Beauty and the Beast : The Enchanted Christmas ( 1997 ) Beauty and the Beast ( or Blood of Beasts , 2005 ) Beauty and the Beast ( 2009 ) Beastly ( 2011 ) Beauty and the Beast ( 2014 ) Little Miss Perfect ( 2016 ) Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 ) soundtrack Television Series Beauty and the Beast , ( 1987 ) Exile ( 2003 ) Beauty & the Beast ( 2012 ) episodes Brahmarakshas ( 2016 ) Episodes `` Reptar on Ice '' ( 1992 ) `` Skin Deep '' ( 2012 ) `` Her Handsome Hero '' ( 2016 ) Literature The Scarlet Flower ( 1858 ) Beauty : A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast ( 1978 ) Lord of Scoundrels ( 1995 ) Rose Daughter ( 1997 ) The Quantum Rose ( 2000 ) Beastly ( 2007 ) Fashion Beast ( 2012 ) Stage Zémire et Azor ( opera ) Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage ( stage ) Beauty and the Beast ( musical ) Songs `` Beauty and the Beast '' ( 1983 ) `` Election Day '' ( 1985 ) `` Beauty and the Beast '' ( 1991 ) Other Disney Characters Disney 's Beauty and the Beast ( video game ) Beauty and the Beast ( Disney franchise ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beauty_and_the_Beast&oldid=806863313 '' Categories : Shapeshifting in fiction Literary duos 1740 works French fairy tales Beauty and the Beast Love stories Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from June 2012 Articles containing French - language text All articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from February 2014 Articles with French - language external links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская ( тарашкевіца )  Български Català Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ລາວ Latina Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Suomi Svenska Tagalog ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 24 October 2017 , at 16 : 34 . 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Question: who is beauty and the beast written by

French novelist Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve


Running of the bulls - wikipedia Running of the bulls Jump to : navigation , search Running of the Bulls ( encierro ) The bull run in Pamplona Dates 6 -- 14 July Location ( s ) Pamplona and other Monument in Pamplona Runners surround the bulls on Estafeta Street The Running of the Bulls ( in Spanish : encierro , from the verb encerrar , `` to corral , to enclose '' ) is a practice that involves running in front of a small group of cattle , typically six , of the toro bravo breed that have been let loose on a course of a sectioned - off subset of a town 's streets . The most famous running of the bulls is held during the nine - day festival of Sanfermines in honor of Saint Fermin in Pamplona , although they are also traditionally held in other places such as towns and villages across Spain , Portugal , in some cities in Mexico , and southern France during the summer . The origin of this event comes from the need to transport the bulls from the fields outside the city , where they were bred , to the bullring , where they would be killed in the evening . During this ' run ' , youngsters would jump among them to show off their bravado . In Pamplona and other places , the six bulls in the event are still those that will feature in the afternoon bullfight of the same day . Spanish tradition says the true origin of the run began in northeastern Spain during the early 14th century . While transporting cattle in order to sell them at the market , men would try to speed the process by hurrying their cattle using tactics of fear and excitement . After years of this practice , the transportation and hurrying began to turn into a competition , as young adults would attempt to race in front of the bulls and make it safely to their pens without being overtaken . When the popularity of this practice increased and was noticed more and more by the expanding population of Spanish cities , a tradition was created and stands to this day . Contents ( hide ) 1 Pamplona bull run 1.1 Fence 1.2 Preliminaries 1.3 The running 1.4 Injuries , fatalities and medical attention 1.5 Dress code 1.6 Media 2 Other examples 2.1 Bous al carrer 2.2 Occitan area of France 2.3 Stamford Bull Run 2.4 Mock bull runs 3 Opposition 4 Further reading 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Pamplona bull run ( edit ) Saint Fermin , honored in Pamplona Pamplona , 7 July 2005 . People climb to the fences as the bulls run by and cross the Town Hall Plaza . The Pamplona encierro is the most popular in Spain and has been broadcast live by RTVE , the public Spanish national television channel , for over 30 years . It is the highest profile event of the San Fermin festival , which is held every year from 6 -- 14 July . The first bull running is on 7 July , followed by one on each of the following mornings of the festival , beginning every day at 8 am . Among the rules to take part in the event are that participants must be at least 18 years old , run in the same direction as the bulls , not incite the bulls , and not be under the influence of alcohol . Fence ( edit ) In Pamplona , a set of wooden fences are erected to direct the bulls along the route and to block off side streets . A double wooden fence is used in those areas where there is enough space , while in other parts the buildings of the street act as barriers . The gaps in the barricades are wide enough for a human to slip through but narrow enough to block a bull . The fence is composed of approximately three thousand separate pieces of wood . Some parts of the fence remain in place for the duration of the fiesta , while others are placed and removed each morning . Spectators can only stand behind the second fence , whereas the space between the two fences is reserved for security and medical personnel and also to participants who need cover during the event . Preliminaries ( edit ) Police barrier at the beginning of the running stops people until the first rocket is fired . The encierro begins with runners singing a benediction . It is sung three times , each time being sung both in Spanish and Basque . The benediction is a prayer given at a statue of Saint Fermin , patron of the festival and the city , to ask the saint 's protection and can be translated into English as `` We ask Saint Fermin , as our Patron , to guide us through the encierro and give us his blessing '' . The singers finish by shouting `` Viva San Fermín ! , Gora San Fermin ! '' ( `` Long live Saint Fermin '' , in Spanish and Basque ) . Most runners dress in the traditional clothing of the festival which consists of a white shirt and trousers with a red waistband ( `` faja '' ) and neckerchief ( `` pañuelo '' ) . Also some of them hold the day 's newspaper rolled to draw the bulls ' attention from them if necessary . The running ( edit ) Pamplona , 2007 . Bulls following some runners enter the bull ring from the callejón , where the event ends . The bulls can be seen in the foreground and background of the picture . A first rocket is set off at 8 a.m. to alert the runners that the corral gate is open . A second rocket signals that all six bulls have been released . The third and fourth rockets are signals that all of the herd has entered the bullring and its corral respectively , marking the end of the event . The average duration between the first rocket and the end of the encierro is two minutes , 30 seconds . The encierro is usually composed of the six bulls to be fought in the afternoon , six steers that run in herd with the bulls , and three more steers that follow the herd to encourage any reluctant bulls to continue along the route . The function of the steers , who run the route daily , is to guide the bulls to the bullring . The average speed of the herd is 24 km / h ( 15 mph ) . The length of the run is 875 meters ( 957 yards ) . It goes through four streets of the old part of the city ( Santo Domingo , Ayuntamiento , Mercaderes and Estafeta ) via the Town Hall Square and the short section `` Telefónica '' ( named for the location of the old telephone office at end of Calle Estafeta ) just before entering into the bullring through its callejón ( tunnel ) . The fastest part of the route is up Santo Domingo and across the Town Hall Square , but the bulls often became separated at the entrance to Estafeta Street as they slowed down . One or more would slip going into the turn at Estafeta ( `` la curva '' ) , resulting in the installation of anti-slip surfacing , and now most of the bulls negotiate the turn onto Estafeta and are often ahead of the steers . This has resulted in a quicker run . Runners are not permitted in the first 50 meters of the encierro , which is an uphill grade where the bulls are much faster . Injuries , fatalities and medical attention ( edit ) Two injured runners are treated by medical services . Every year , between 50 and 100 people are injured during the run . Not all of the injuries require taking the patients to the hospital : in 2013 , 50 people were taken by ambulance to Pamplona 's hospital , with this number nearly doubling that of 2012 . Goring is much less common but potentially life threatening . In 2013 , for example , six participants were gored along the festival , in 2012 , only four runners were injured by the horns of the bulls with exactly the same number of gored people in 2011 , nine in 2010 and 10 in 2009 ; with one of the latter killed . As most of the runners are male , only 5 women have been gored since 1974 . Before that date , running was prohibited for women . Another major risk is runners falling and piling up ( a `` montón '' ) at the entrance of the bullring , which acts as a funnel as it is much narrower than the previous street . In such cases injuries come both from asphyxia and contusions to those in the pile and from goring if the bulls crush into the pile . This kind of blocking of the entrance has occurred at least ten times in the history of the run , the last occurring in 2013 and the first dating back to 1878 . A runner died of suffocation in one such pile up in 1977 . Overall , since record - keeping began in 1910 , 15 people have been killed in the bull running of Pamplona , most of them due to being gored . To minimize the impact of injuries every day 200 people collaborate in the medical attention . They are deployed in 16 sanitary posts ( every 50 metres on average ) , each one with at least a physician and a nurse among their personnel . Most of these 200 people are volunteers , mainly from the Red Cross . In addition to the medical posts , there are around 20 ambulances . This organization makes it possible to have a gored person stabilized and taken to a hospital in less than 10 minutes . 15 Deaths since 1910 in the bull run of Pamplona Year Name Age Origin Location Cause of death 1924 Esteban Domeño 22 Navarre , Spain Telefónica Goring 1927 Santiago Zufía 34 Navarre , Spain Bullring Goring 1935 Gonzalo Bustinduy 29 San Luis Potosí , Mexico Bullring Goring 1947 Casimiro Heredia 37 Navarre , Spain Estafeta Goring 1947 Julián Zabalza 23 Navarre , Spain Bullring Goring 1961 Vicente Urrizola 32 Navarre , Spain Santo Domingo Goring 1969 Hilario Pardo 45 Navarre , Spain Santo Domingo Goring Juan Ignacio Eraso 18 Navarre , Spain Telefónica Goring Gregorio Gorriz 41 Navarre , Spain Bullring Goring 1977 José Joaquín Esparza 17 Navarre , Spain Bullring Suffocated in a pile - up . 1980 José Antonio Sánchez 26 Navarre , Spain Town Hall Square Goring 1980 Vicente Risco 29 Badajoz , Spain Bullring hit 1995 Matthew Peter Tassio 22 Glen Ellyn , Illinois , USA Town Hall Square Goring 2003 Fermín Etxeberria 62 Navarre , Spain Mercaderes Hit by a horn 2009 Daniel Jimeno Romero 27 Alcalá de Henares , Spain Telefónica Goring Dress code ( edit ) Runners at the Pamplona bull run in typical attire Though there is no formal dress code , the very common and traditional attire is white pants , white shirt with a red scarf around the waist and a red handkerchief around the neck . Another common dress practice , seen as a risk by some but as a daring depiction of courage by others is dressing in a conspicuous manner . Many runners that want to be seen wear colors other than white , a common alternate color choice is blue . Others include large logos on their shirt to capture the attention of the bulls . In the age of social media explosion , this is also thought to be a way to highlight someone in a photo . Media ( edit ) Hemingway drank in the Café Iruña , established 1888 in Pamplona / Iruña The encierro of Pamplona has been depicted many times in literature , television or advertising , but became known worldwide partly because of the descriptions of Ernest Hemingway in books The Sun Also Rises and Death in the Afternoon . The cinema pioneer Louis Lumière filmed the run in 1899 . The event is the basis for a chapter in James Michener 's 1971 novel The Drifters . The run is depicted in the 1991 Billy Crystal film City Slickers , where the character `` Mitch '' ( Crystal ) is gored ( non-fatally ) from behind by a bull during a vacation with the other main characters . The run appears in the 2011 Bollywood movie Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara , directed by Zoya Akhtar , as the final dare in the bucket list of the three bachelors who have to overcome their ultimate fear ; death . At first , the trio run part of the route . They stop at the square , but then recover their nerve , and continue to the end . The completion of the run depicts their freedom as they learn that surviving a mortal danger can bring joy . Running with Bulls , a 2012 documentary of the festival filmed by Construct Creatives and presented by Jason Farrel , depicts the pros and cons of the controversial tradition . Since 2014 , the Esquire Channel has broadcast the running of the bulls as a show in the US , with both live commentary and then a recorded ' round up ' later in the day by NBCSN commentators the Men in Blazers , including interviews with noted participants such as Madrid - born runner David Ubeda , former US Special Forces soldier turned filmmaker Dennis Clancey , the historic New York - born runner Joe Distler and former British bullfighter and author Alexander Fiske - Harrison . In 2014 , the eBook guide , Fiesta : How To Survive The Bulls Of Pamplona , caused headlines around the world when one of the contributors was gored by a bull soon after its publication . ( See Further Reading section below . ) Other examples ( edit ) Fire bull and children running from it ( Tudela , Navarre ) Although the most famous running of the bulls is that of San Fermín , they are held in towns and villages across Spain , Portugal , and in some cities in southern France during the summer . Examples are the bull run of San Sebastián de los Reyes , near Madrid , at the end of August which is the most popular of Spain after Pamplona , the bull run of Cuéllar , considered as the oldest of Spain since there are documents of its existence dating back to 1215 , the Highland Capeias of the Raia in Sabugal , Portugal , with horses leading the herd crossing old border passes out of Spain and using the medieval ' Forcåo ' , or the bull run of Navalcarnero held at night . Other encierros have also caused fatalities . Bous al carrer ( edit ) Bous al carrer at Albocàsser Bous al carrer , correbou or correbous ( meaning in Catalan , bulls in the street ) is a typical festivity in many villages in the Valencian region , Terres de l'Ebre , Catalonia and Fornalutx , Mallorca . Another similar tradition is soltes de vaques , where cows are used instead of bulls . Even though they can take place all along the year , they are most usual during local festivals ( normally in August ) . Compared to encierros , animals are not directed to any bullring . These festivities are normally organized by the youngsters of the village , as a way for showing their courage and ability with the bull . Some sources consider this tradition a masculine initiation rite to adulthood . Occitan area of France ( edit ) An abrivado at Calvisson . The guardians are demonstrating their skill in turn a group of at least four bulls through a 360 degree turn A bandido at Calvisson . Contact has been made with the bull : but it has not yet been stopped . Numerous bull running events happen in France in the region around Sommières , in accordance with the Camargues tradition , in which no bull gets hurt . For instance in Calvisson , the annual event takes place around 20 July over a period of five days . There are four events : the Abrivado where over ten bulls are run together through the street guided by a group of twelve ' gardians ' mounted on white Camargues horses , an Encierro where one bull is released outside the foyer and finds his own way back to the pen , the Bandido where one bull is run accompanied through the streets , and the Bandido de nuit which is the same thing but after dark . Boys and men run with the bulls and try and separate them from the horses , stop them , and physically turn them away from the horses . Stamford bull run ( edit ) Main article : Stamford Bull Run The English town of Stamford , Lincolnshire was host to the Stamford Bull Run for almost 700 years until it was abandoned in 1837 . According to local tradition , the custom dated from the time of King John when William de Warenne , 5th Earl of Surrey , saw two bulls fighting in the meadow beneath . Some butchers came to part the combatants and one of the bulls ran into the town , causing a great uproar . The earl , mounting his horse , rode after the animal , and enjoyed the sport so much , that he gave the meadow in which the fight began , to the butchers of Stamford , on condition that they should provide a bull , to be run in the town every 13 November , for ever after . As of 2013 the bull run had been revived as a ceremonial , festival - style community event . Mock bull runs ( edit ) A variation is the nightly `` fire bull '' where balls of flammable material are placed on the horns . Currently the bull is often replaced by a runner carrying a frame on which fireworks are placed and dodgers , usually children , run to avoid the sparks . In 2008 , Red Bull Racing driver David Coulthard and Scuderia Toro Rosso driver Sébastien Bourdais performed a version of a ' bull running ' event in Pamplona , Spain , with the Formula One cars chasing 500 runners through the actual Pamplona route . `` Running of the Bulls '' in the French Quarter of New Orleans The Big Easy Rollergirls roller derby team has performed a version of annual bull run in New Orleans , Louisiana since 2007 . The team , dressed as bulls , skates after runners through the French Quarter . In 2012 , there were 14,000 runners and over 400 `` bulls '' from all over the country , with huge before - and after - parties . In Ballyjamesduff , Ireland , an annual `` Pig Run '' is held with small pigs . It looks just like mini-encierro but with pigs instead of bulls . In Dewey Beach , Delaware , the Starboard bar sponsors an annual Running of the Bull ( sic ) , in which hundreds of red and white - clad beachgoers are chased down the shore by a single `` bull '' ( two people in a costume ) . In Rangiora , New Zealand , an annual `` Running of the Sheep '' is held , in which 1000 -- 2000 sheep are released down the main street of the small farming town . The Running of the Bulls UK is a pub crawl event that takes place on London 's Hampstead Heath and uses fast runners in place of bulls . In 2014 , Pamplona inaugurated a series of running events in June , the San Fermin Marathon , of a full marathon ( 42.195 km ) , half marathon ( 21.097 km ) , or 10 km road race that concludes with the final 900m of each race using the encierro route , runners crossing the finish line inside the bullring . Opposition ( edit ) Many opponents argue that bulls are mentally injured by the harassment and voicing of both participants and spectators , and some of animals may also die because of the stress , especially if they are roped or bring flares in their horns ( bou embolat version ) . Despite all this , the festivities seem to have wide popular support in their villages Many animal rights activists oppose the event . PETA activists created the `` running of the nudes '' , a demonstration done two days before the beginning of San Fermín in Pamplona . By marching naked , they protested the festival and the following bullfight , arguing the bulls are tortured for entertainment . The city of San Miguel de Allende , Mexico , cancelled its Sanmiguelada running of the bulls after 2006 , citing public disorder associated with the event . After the event was cancelled in San Miguel , the city of Salvatierra , also in the state of Guanajuato , picked up the event . It is now called La Marquesada and the three - day event is held during the last weekend of the month of September or first weekend of October . Further Reading ( edit ) Alexander Fiske - Harrison , ed. ( 2016 ) . Fiesta : How To Survive The Bulls Of Pamplona ( 3 ed . ) . Mephisto Press . Bill Hillmann ( 2015 ) . Mozos : A Decade Running with the Bulls of Spain . Chicago , Illinois : Curbside Splendor Publishing . ISBN 978 - 1 - 9404 - 3053 - 9 . See also ( edit ) Bou embolat -- version with bulls bringing flares in their horns Bullfighting Bull - leaping Correbous Jallikattu -- a similar tradition in Tamil Nadu , India Spanish - style bullfighting References ( edit ) Some links may contain graphic content where marked . Jump up ^ Fiske - Harrison , Alexander ( Editor ) Fiesta : How To Survive The Bulls Of Pamplona , Mephisto Press , 2014 ^ Jump up to : `` Sanfermin guide . Running of the bulls '' . Kukuxumusu. 2007 . Archived from the original on 5 May 2008 . Retrieved 21 July 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Bull - run hits liquor - fueled town '' , 2 February 2009 . `` The tradition , enacted in a handful of Mexican towns , traces its roots back to the centuries - old Pamplona bull - run in Mexico 's former colonial power . '' Retrieved 4 March 2009 . Jump up ^ According to the Mayor of Pamplona in his foreword to the book Fiesta : How To Survive The Bulls Of Pamplona Jump up ^ Running of the Bulls 2011 Live Stream ( Event Information ) Jump up ^ `` 27 añllj ghjzest in a penises en TVE '' . RTVE. 2008 . Retrieved 21 July 2008 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Bull Run '' . Ayuntamiento de Pamplona ( Council of Pamplona ) . Archived from the original on 29 May 2008 . Retrieved 21 July 2008 . ^ Jump up to : `` Sección quinta '' . Bando San Fermin 2014 . Ayuntamiento de Pamplona . Retrieved 20 March 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Encierro bullrun San Fermin festival Sanfermines tourist information on Navarre '' . Government of Navarre . Retrieved 8 March 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Gorka Alonso ( 15 July 2013 ) . `` Los encierros se saldan con 50 heridos trasladados y 6 corneados '' ( in Spanish ) . Noticias de Navarra . Archived from the original on 16 July 2013 . Retrieved 15 July 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Los encierros de 2012 dejan cuatro heridos por asta , los mismos que en 2011 '' ( in Spanish ) . Diario de Noticias. 14 July 2012 . Archived from the original on 19 July 2012 . Retrieved 13 July 2013 . Jump up ^ E.F.E Pamplona ( 14 July 2013 ) . `` Quinta mujer corneada en los encierros de San Fermín '' ( in Spanish ) . Diario de Navarra . Retrieved 15 July 2013 . Jump up ^ Javier Doria ( 13 July 2013 ) . `` Montón en el encierro de Sanfermines , un peligro con historia '' ( in Spanish ) . El País . Retrieved 14 July 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Especialistas destacan que el dispositivo sanitario de los encierros `` no se puede mejorar '' porque es `` espectacular '' '' ( in Spanish ) . Diario de Navarra. 18 June 2009 . Archived from the original on 4 November 2013 . Retrieved 16 July 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Terra Noticias . `` La muerte de hoy es la número quince en la historia del encierro '' ( in Spanish ) . Noticias.terra.es . Retrieved 6 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` The last person killed at Pamplona '' . BBC . 14 July 2005 . Retrieved 10 July 2009 ... Matthew Tassio ... 22 years old and came from Chicago ... The ... bull ... hit him in the abdomen , severed a main artery , sliced through his kidney and punctured his liver Jump up ^ `` Muere el pamplonés Fermín Etxeberria , de 63 años , herido en el encierro del 8 de julio '' ( in Spanish ) . DiarioDeNavarra.es. 25 September 2003 . Archived from the original on 3 August 2009 . Retrieved 10 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Bull gores man to death in Spain '' . BBC . 10 July 2009 . Retrieved 10 July 2009 . The 27 - year - old was gored in the neck on Friday , during the fourth bull run of the week - long San Fermin festival . Daniel Jimeno Romero , from Madrid , had emergency surgery in hospital but died of his injuries . Earlier reports had described the dead man as British ... a veteran Spanish bull - runner died after a fall in 2003 Jump up ^ `` One dead in the running of the bull 's in Pamplona '' . EncierroSanFermin.com. 10 July 2009 . Archived from the original on 14 July 2009 . Retrieved 10 July 2009 . A runner died in today 's running of the bulls in the northern spanish city of Pamplona , the bull running held during the famous San Fermin festivities . The man died after being gored in the neck and lung by a bull of the Jandilla ranch , named `` Capuchino ''. The runner , Daniel Jimeno Romero from Alcalá de Henares ( Madrid ) was at the end of the street run Jump up ^ http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishfestivals/qt/pamplonasurvive.htm Jump up ^ Encierro de toros in the Spanish - language Auñamendi Encyclopedia . Jump up ^ Running with Bulls on IMDb Jump up ^ ' Running Of The Bulls ' , Esquire TV Jump up ^ Vadillo , Jose Luis . ' Así son los corredores de elite en San Fermín ' , El Mundo. 6 July 2015 Jump up ^ Editorial Staff . ' Pamplona , bull running , bull gorings , Esquire TV and poetry from New York ' , The Pamplona Post . 10 July 2015 Jump up ^ Joe Distler website Jump up ^ ' Running Of The Bulls 2015 : A Democratic Sport Archived 17 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. , Esquire TV Jump up ^ ' San Fermín So Far -- 2014 ' Archived 15 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine . The Pamplona Post , 12 July 2014 Jump up ^ Mari Carmen López del Burgo , aged 48 , from Madrid , Spain . `` Muere una mujer embestida por un toro en los encierros de Arganda del Rey '' ( in Spanish ) . elpais.com. 9 September 2010 . Retrieved 9 September 2010 . Jump up ^ Touristic leaflet . Festes de la Costa Blanca , Diputació Provincial d'Alacant , 2006 , Alacant . Jump up ^ `` Taurine traditions '' . ot-sommieres.com . Office de Tourisme du Pays de Sommières . Retrieved 22 August 2017 . Jump up ^ Chambers Book of Days ( 1864 ) , . W. & R. Chambers ltd. 1832 . 13 November entry Jump up ^ `` Red Bull to visit Pamplona for Bull running '' . GPUpdate.net . GPUpdate. 11 June 2008 . Retrieved 30 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Keith I. Marszalek , NOLA.com ( 24 June 2007 ) . `` Big Easy Rollergirls to reinact ( sic ) famed bull run '' . Blog.nola.com . Retrieved 2 July 2011 . Jump up ^ `` San Fermín in Nueva Orleans , The Running of the Roller Girls '' . Laughingsquid.com. 20 July 2008 . Retrieved 2 July 2011 . Jump up ^ Coviello , Will . `` Running of the Bulls 2012 '' . Gambit Weekly . Retrieved 18 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Dewey Beach , DE '' . The Starboard . Retrieved 2 July 2011 . Jump up ^ San Fermin marathon Jump up ^ Article sobre la crueltat dels bous al carrer. ( in Catalan ) Jump up ^ Article sobre la popularitat dels bous al carrer a les terres de l'Ebre. ( in Catalan ) Jump up ^ Running of the Nudes . PETA official site . Jump up ^ `` No More Bull ( Running , That Is ) in San Miguel de Allende , '' Austin American - Statesman , 24 May 2007 . Retrieved 4 March 2009 External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Running of the Bulls . A blog about Pamplona 's annual bull - running festival How to attend or view the Pamplona festival Student Travel and Party at Running of the Bulls Google Maps Route Map ( hide ) Bullfighting Types , styles , and events Bull - leaping Corraleja Course landaise Don Tancredo Feria ( festival ) Feria d'Arles Jallikattu Portuguese - style bullfighting Running of the Bulls Spanish - style bullfighting Tōgyū Toro de fuego Toro embolado Tourada à corda Vaquejada Sites Bullrings by country Colombia Ecuador France Mexico Peru Portugal Spain Uruguay Venezuela Other venues Route of the Bull Animals Bulls Got Islero Miura bull Murciélago Spanish Fighting Bull Ratón Horses Andalusian horse Lusitano People Roles Alguacilillo Bullfighter Forcado Picador Rejoneador Rodeo clown Individual bullfighters By name List of bullfighters List of female bullfighters Ordóñez family Romero family By country American British Colombian French Mexican Peruvian Portuguese Puerto Rican Romanian Spanish Equipment Estoc Montera Muleta Traje de luces Organizations Institutions California Academy of Tauromaquia Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes Anti-bullfighting Animal Welfare Board of India AnimaNaturalis Anti-Bullfighting City CAS International Equanimal People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) The Bull and the Ban Media Films Books L'Écho taurin Mexican Hayride ( musical ) Ferdinand the Bull ( film ) Ferdinand ( film ) Related Bovine sports Bous al carrer Bull wrestling Camel wrestling Combat de Reines Rodeo Commons Wiktionary Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Running_of_the_Bulls&oldid=837390898 '' Categories : Bull runners Animal festival or ritual Spanish culture Bull sports Hidden categories : CS1 Spanish - language sources ( es ) Webarchive template wayback links Articles with Catalan - language external links Use dmy dates from June 2016 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara Français Galego Hrvatski Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 13 more Edit links This page was last edited on 20 April 2018 , at 14 : 43 . 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Question: when is the running of the bulls held in spain


White coat ceremony - wikipedia White coat ceremony Jump to : navigation , search A white coat worn by a Canadian gastroenterologist . The White Coat Ceremony ( WCC ) is a relatively new ritual in some medical ( MD , DO ) , dental , optometry , audiology , chiropractic , dietetic , occupational therapy , physical therapy , podiatric , pharmacy , physician assistant , pathologists ' assistant , nursing , naturopathic and veterinary schools that marks the student 's transition from the study of preclinical to clinical health sciences . At some schools , where students begin meeting patients early in their education , the white coat ceremony is held before the first year begins . It is an example of a matriculation . WCCs typically involve a formal `` coating '' of students . Contents ( hide ) 1 Description 2 History 3 See also 4 References Description ( edit ) Over 100 medical schools in the USA now have a WCC , and many students now consider it a rite of passage in the journey toward a healthcare career . Some schools also use this as a graduation from the entire program . For example , Moreno Valley College has a White Coat Ceremony for the Physician Assistant students at the end of their final term , where the short coats are discarded and long coats are given as a symbol of being equal clinicians to others who have earned the long coats . According to some , WCCs have taken on a quasi-religious significance , that symbolizes a `` conversion '' of a lay person into a member of the healthcare profession and is similar to a priest 's ordination to the priesthood , although it is notable that the white coat is a recent adoption by the medical profession . However , in many medical schools around the world students begin wearing their white coats during first year anatomy class , so there is no official white coat ceremony . In the nineteenth century respect for the certainty of science was in stark contrast to the quackery and mysticism of nineteenth century medicine . To emphasize the transition to the more scientific approach to modern medicine , physicians sought to represent themselves as scientists and began to wear the most recognizable symbol of the scientist - the white laboratory coat . This led to the more recent association of the white coat with medicine since its continued adoption . History ( edit ) White Coat Ceremony in Graz ( Austria ) 2012 RCSI Bahrain students taking a group photo following the 2013 White coat ceremony WCCs originated in University of Chicago 's Pritzker School of Medicine in 1989 , but the first full - fledged ceremony was at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons . In 1993 , Dr. Arnold P. Gold , a teacher and pediatric neurologist , created the first full - fledged WCC at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons . Before this ceremony , medical students typically received the Hippocratic Oath for the first time at commencement . This ceremony marks a change in tradition , introducing students to the Oath before starting their first year of study . This was intended to provide students with well - defined guidelines regarding the expectations and responsibilities appropriate for the medical profession prior to their first day of class . Since its conception at Columbia , the WCC has spread rapidly to schools of medicine , dentistry , osteopathic medicine , optometry , and nursing worldwide . Since starting in the US , several medical schools in countries outside of the United States ( such as Iran , Israel , Canada , UK , Dominican Republic , Brazil and Poland ) have also started holding WCCs . The ceremony is no longer limited to medical students ; starting in 1995 , US pharmacy schools started holding WCCs , with the difference that most pharmacy students receive their coats at the end of their first academic year . In 2003 a survey found that the majority of US pharmacy schools hold WCCs . The Gold - sponsored version of the WCC , or a similar rite of passage , is currently used by 97 percent of Association of American Medical Colleges ( AAMC ) - accredited schools of medicine in the United States , and takes place at medical and osteopathic schools in 13 other countries . In December 2006 the first white coat ceremony was held by Fatima Jinnah Dental College ( FJDC ) , in Karachi , Pakistan . In October 2008 the white coat ceremony was held at the VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , it was the first ceremony held in The Netherlands . In 2011 Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam also participated in holding the ceremony at their Medical Faculty . On October 13 , 2010 , the faculty of medicine at the University of Cologne , Germany , became the first German - speaking University to integrate this ritual into its programme . Initiated by then - student representative Hormos Salimi Dafsari in Cologne , the ceremony has been spread to various German cities such as Leipzig and Halle via channels of the German Medical Students ' Association ( bvmd ) . On April 12 , 2010 , The University of Queensland 's ( Australia ) School of Pharmacy became the first in Australia to adopt the ceremony for its incoming Bachelor of Pharmacy students . In September 2011 , Jagiellonian University in Kraków became the first medical school in Poland to introduce a white coat ceremony for the incoming class . ( 1 ) '' On February 28 , 2011 , the Faculty of Medicine at the Università del Piemonte Orientale `` Amedeo Avogadro '' in Novara became the first Italian medical school to introduce a white coat ceremony for its third year students . On October 5 , 2012 , the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy `` Gr . T. POPA '' of Iasi , Romania , became the first Romanian university to integrate this ritual , for its first year medical students , into the symbolism of developing as a physician . On October 8 , 2012 , the Medical University of Graz became the first university in Austria to celebrate a White Coat Ceremony of its third - year students . On December 6 , 2012 , the School of Medicine at the All American Institute of Medical Sciences , Jamaica , became the first in Jamaica to introduce this ritual , for its Basic Sciences medical students . In 2014 the Arnold P. Gold Foundation for Humanism in Medicine partnered with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing ( AACN ) to pilot the White Coat Ceremony at nursing schools . On 13th of July 2017 . The medical school of University Of Tripoli became the first Libyan University to introduce this event See also ( edit ) Pinning ceremony for nurses References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Veatch RM ( February 2002 ) . `` White coat ceremonies : a second opinion '' . J Med Ethics. 28 ( 1 ) : 5 -- 9 . doi : 10.1136 / jme. 28.1. 5 . PMC 1733513 . PMID 11834749 . Jump up ^ Jones VA , `` The White Coat : Why not Follow Suit ? '' JAMA. 1999 ; 281 : 478 . Full Text . ^ Jump up to : Warren , Peter M. `` For New Medical Students , White Coats Are a Warmup '' Los Angeles Times , 18 October 1999 . Jump up ^ `` Celebrating 20 Years of the White Coat Ceremony '' . Columbia Medicine Magazine . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` White Coat Ceremony '' . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . Jump up ^ `` White Coat Ceremony - History '' . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . Jump up ^ `` New York Medical College - Press Releases '' . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . Jump up ^ Brown DL , Ferrill MJ , Pankaskie MC ( October 2003 ) . `` White coat ceremonies in US schools of pharmacy '' . Ann Pharmacother. 37 ( 10 ) : 1414 -- 9 . doi : 10.1345 / aph. 1D124 . PMID 14519030 . Jump up ^ `` The Arnold P. Gold Foundation White Coat Ceremony - The Arnold P. Gold Foundation '' . The Arnold P. Gold Foundation . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . Jump up ^ `` White Coat Ceremony , Fachschaft Medizin Köln '' White Coat Ceremony , Fachschaft Medizin Köln Jump up ^ `` White Coat Ceremony Winter 2010 Cologne , Key Note Speech Hormos Salimi Dafsari '' White Coat Ceremony Winter 2010 Cologne , Key Note Speech Hormos Salimi Dafsari Jump up ^ `` Bundesvertretung der Medizinstudierenden in Deutschland e.V. ( bvmd ) '' Bundesvertretung der Medizinstudierenden in Deutschland e.V. ( bvmd ) Wikipedia Page Jump up ^ `` Debutto per la Cerimonia del Camice Bianco , NovaraOggi.com '' Jump up ^ `` American Association of Colleges of Nursing - The Arnold P. Gold Foundation and AACN Initiate White Coat Ceremony '' . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_coat_ceremony&oldid=817798013 '' Categories : Ceremonies Fashion - related occasions Medical education Rites of passage Hidden categories : All articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from June 2012 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch 日本 語 Edit links This page was last edited on 30 December 2017 , at 17 : 18 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: when do you get your white coat in pharmacy school