List of top International association football goal scorers by country - wikipedia List of top International association football goal scorers by country Jump to : navigation , search This page lists the top all - time male goal scorer for each national football team where the top scorer has a minimum 20 goals in official international matches for his country . Players who are currently active at international level are indicated in bold type . This list is not an all - time top international goal scorers list , as some country 's second - top scorer could have scored more than another country 's top scorer . It lists only the top scorer for each country . This list is for Men 's association football only . Contents ( hide ) 1 List of players 2 Other countries ' players 3 Notes 4 See also 5 References 6 External links List of Players ( edit ) As of 27 March 2018 . Players in bold are still active at international level . Players in italics also hold the record for most caps for their nation . # Country Name International goals Caps Goals per match Ref Iran Ali Daei 109 149 0.73 Hungary Ferenc Puskás 84 89 0.94 Portugal Cristiano Ronaldo 81 149 0.54 Japan Kunishige Kamamoto 80 84 0.95 5 Zambia Godfrey Chitalu 79 111 0.71 6 Iraq Hussein Saeed 78 137 0.57 7 Brazil Pelé 77 92 0.84 8 Kuwait Bashar Abdullah 75 133 0.56 9 Malawi Kinnah Phiri 71 115 0.61 Saudi Arabia Majed Abdullah 71 116 0.60 Thailand Kiatisuk Senamuang 71 134 0.53 Germany Miroslav Klose 71 137 0.52 13 Trinidad and Tobago John , Stern Stern John 70 115 0.61 Egypt Hassan , Hossam Hossam Hassan 70 178 0.38 15 Guatemala Ruiz , Carlos Carlos Ruiz 68 132 0.52 Republic of Ireland Keane , Robbie Robbie Keane 68 146 0.46 17 Ivory Coast Drogba , Didier Didier Drogba 65 105 0.62 18 Sweden Ibrahimović , Zlatan Zlatan Ibrahimović 62 116 0.53 19 Argentina Messi , Lionel Lionel Messi 61 123 0.50 20 Spain Villa , David David Villa 59 98 0.61 21 South Korea Cha Bum - kun 58 134 0.43 22 Honduras Pavón , Carlos Carlos Pavón 57 101 0.56 United States Dempsey , Clint Clint Dempsey / Landon Donovan 57 / 57 141 / 157 0.40 / 0.36 24 India Chhetri , Sunil Sunil Chhetri 56 97 0.58 Cameroon Eto'o , Samuel Samuel Eto'o 56 118 0.48 26 Czech Republic Koller , Jan Jan Koller 55 91 0.60 Singapore Ahmad , Fandi Fandi Ahmad 55 101 0.54 East Germany Streich , Joachim Joachim Streich 55 102 0.54 29 England Rooney , Wayne Wayne Rooney 53 119 0.44 30 Denmark Poul Nielsen / Jon Dahl Tomasson 52 / 52 38 / 112 1.37 / 0.46 Maldives Ashfaq , Ali Ali Ashfaq 52 78 0.65 Bosnia and Herzegovina Džeko , Edin Edin Džeko 52 89 0.60 Poland Robert Lewandowski 52 93 0.56 United Arab Emirates Talyani , Adnan Al Adnan Al Talyani 52 161 0.32 . 35 Vietnam Vinh , Lê Công Lê Công Vinh 51 83 0.61 Ghana Asamoah Gyan 51 106 0.49 Turkey Şükür , Hakan Hakan Şükür 51 112 0.46 France Henry , Thierry Thierry Henry 51 123 0.41 39 Uruguay Suárez , Luis Luis Suárez 50 97 0.52 Philippines Younghusband , Phil Phil Younghusband 50 97 0.52 Netherlands Persie , Robin van Robin van Persie 50 102 0.49 Australia Cahill , Tim Tim Cahill 50 104 0.49 43 Mexico Hernández , Javier Javier Hernández 49 101 0.48 44 Bulgaria Dimitar Berbatov / Hristo Bonev 48 / 48 78 / 96 0.62 / 0.50 Ukraine Andriy Shevchenko 48 111 0.43 46 Costa Rica Fonseca , Rolando Rolando Fonseca 47 113 0.42 47 Croatia Šuker , Davor Davor Šuker 45 69 0.65 48 Austria Polster , Toni Toni Polster 44 95 0.46 49 Oman Al - Dhabit , Hani Hani Al - Dhabit 43 102 0.42 Panama Tejada , Luis Luis Tejada 43 105 0.41 51 Morocco Faras , Ahmed Ahmed Faras 42 77 0.55 Antigua and Barbuda Peter Byers 42 82 0.52 Switzerland Frei , Alexander Alexander Frei 42 84 0.50 Soviet Union Blokhin , Oleh Oleh Blokhin 42 112 0.38 55 China PR Hao Haidong 41 107 0.38 56 Qatar Soria , Sebastián Sebastián Soria 40 119 0.33 Malta Mifsud , Michael Michael Mifsud 40 127 0.31 58 El Salvador Díaz Arce , Raúl Raúl Díaz Arce 39 72 0.54 Angola Akwá 39 78 0.50 Chile Sánchez , Alexis Alexis Sánchez 39 121 0.32 Bahrain Ismail Abdul - Latif 39 112 0.35 62 Yugoslavia / Serbia Bobek , Stjepan Stjepan Bobek 38 63 0.60 Indonesia Pamungkas , Bambang Bambang Pamungkas 38 86 0.44 Estonia Oper , Andres Andres Oper 38 134 0.28 Zimbabwe Ndlovu , Peter Peter Ndlovu 38 unk unk 66 Nigeria Yekini , Rashidi Rashidi Yekini 37 58 0.64 Hong Kong Chan Siu Ki 37 67 0.55 68 Tunisia Jemâa , Issam Issam Jemâa 36 84 0.43 Northern Ireland Healy , David David Healy 36 95 0.38 70 Italy Riva , Luigi Luigi Riva 35 42 0.83 Jamaica Shelton , Luton Luton Shelton 35 75 0.47 Romania Adrian Mutu / Hagi , Gheorghe Gheorghe Hagi 35 / 35 77 / 125 0.45 / 0.28 Slovenia Zahovič , Zlatko Zlatko Zahovič 35 80 0.44 74 Czechoslovakia Antonín Puč 34 60 0.57 Uzbekistan Shatskikh , Maksim Maksim Shatskikh 34 61 0.56 Kenya Oliech , Dennis Dennis Oliech 34 72 0.47 Algeria Tasfaout , Abdelhafid Abdelhafid Tasfaout 34 79 0.43 Burkina Faso Dagano , Moumouni Moumouni Dagano 34 83 0.41 79 Norway Juve , Jørgen Jørgen Juve 33 45 0.73 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samuel , Shandel Shandel Samuel 33 63 0.52 Belgium Romelu Lukaku 33 66 0.50 Israel Spiegler , Mordechai Mordechai Spiegler 33 83 0.40 Peru Paolo Guerrero 33 85 0.39 84 Bermuda Goater , Shaun Shaun Goater 32 36 0.89 Syria Rafe , Raja Raja Rafe 32 77 0.42 South Africa McCarthy , Benni Benni McCarthy 32 80 0.40 Cyprus Konstantinou , Michalis Michalis Konstantinou 32 84 0.38 Paraguay Santa Cruz , Roque Roque Santa Cruz 32 111 0.29 Finland Litmanen , Jari Jari Litmanen 32 137 0.23 90 Ecuador Delgado , Agustín Agustín Delgado 31 70 0.44 Macedonia Pandev , Goran Goran Pandev 31 92 0.34 92 Scotland Denis Law / Dalglish , Kenny Kenny Dalglish 30 / 30 55 / 102 0.55 / 0.29 Togo Adebayor , Emmanuel Emmanuel Adebayor 30 77 0.38 Jordan Abdel - Fattah , Hassan Hassan Abdel - Fattah 30 88 0.34 Russia Kerzhakov , Aleksandr Aleksandr Kerzhakov 30 91 0.32 96 Cuba Lester Moré 29 69 0.42 Wales Bale , Gareth Gareth Bale 29 69 0.42 Colombia Falcao , Radamel Radamel Falcao 29 71 0.40 Greece Anastopoulos , Nikos Nikos Anastopoulos 29 73 0.39 Senegal Camara , Henri Henri Camara 29 99 0.29 Latvia Māris Verpakovskis 29 104 0.28 102 New Zealand Coveny , Vaughan Vaughan Coveny 28 64 0.44 Yemen Al - Nono , Ali Ali Al - Nono 28 unk unk Guinea Feindouno , Pascal Pascal Feindouno 28 unk unk 105 Solomon Islands Commins Menapi 27 35 0.77 Mozambique Tico - Tico 27 unk unk Sri Lanka Jayasuriya , Kasun Kasun Jayasuriya 27 unk unk 108 Georgia Arveladze , Shota Shota Arveladze 26 60 0.43 Iceland Eiður Guðjohnsen 26 88 0.30 110 Armenia Mkhitaryan , Henrikh Henrikh Mkhitaryan 25 70 0.36 Mali Keita , Seydou Seydou Keita 25 102 0.24 112 Montenegro Jovetić , Stevan Stevan Jovetić 24 48 0.50 Botswana Ramatlhakwane , Jerome Jerome Ramatlhakwane 24 58 0.31 Tanzania Ngasa , Mrisho Mrisho Ngasa 24 100 0.24 Rwanda Karekezi , Olivier Olivier Karekezi 24 unk unk 116 Gabon Aubameyang , Pierre - Emerick Pierre - Emerick Aubameyang / Nzue Nguema , Théodore Théodore Nzue Nguema 23 / 23 55 / 77 0.41 / 0.30 Malaysia Sali , Safee Safee Sali 23 74 0.31 Slovakia Vittek , Róbert Róbert Vittek 23 81 0.28 Venezuela Arango , Juan Juan Arango 23 129 0.18 120 Belize McCaulay , Deon Deon McCaulay 22 42 0.52 Canada De Rosario , Dwayne Dwayne De Rosario 22 81 0.27 122 Ethiopia Kebede , Getaneh Getaneh Kebede 21 40 0.52 Grenada Charles , Ricky Ricky Charles 21 50 0.42 Benin Omotoyossi , Razak Razak Omotoyossi / Sessègnon , Stéphane Stéphane Sessègnon 21 / 21 55 / 68 0.38 / 0.31 Fiji Masi , Esala Esala Masi 21 unk unk 126 New Caledonia Kaï , Bertrand Bertrand Kaï 20 31 0.64 Sudan Haytham Tambal 20 41 0.49 Bolivia Botero , Joaquín Joaquín Botero 20 48 0.42 Lebanon Antar , Roda Roda Antar 20 58 0.34 Belarus Romaschenko , Maksim Maksim Romaschenko 20 63 0.32 Other countries ' Players ( edit ) As of 27 March 2018 . Players in bold are still active at international level . Players in italics also hold the record for most caps for their nation . Country Name International goals Caps Goals per match Ref Afghanistan Balal Arezou 9 22 0.41 Albania Erjon Bogdani 18 74 0.24 American Samoa Ramin Ott 14 0.21 Andorra Ildefons Lima 11 111 0.10 Anguilla Richard O'Connor 5 6 0.83 Azerbaijan Gurban Gurbanov 14 68 0.21 Bahamas Lesly St. Fleur 6 11 0.54 Bangladesh Jahid Hasan Ameli 15 64 0.23 Barbados Norman Forde 16 69 0.23 Bhutan Chencho Gyeltshen 10 28 0.36 Brunei Shahrazen Said 8 18 0.44 Cambodia Chan Vathanaka 13 37 0.35 Cape Verde Héldon Ramos 15 47 0.32 Cayman Islands Mark Ebanks 5 9 0.55 Central African Republic Hilaire Momi 6 24 0.25 Comoros El Fardou Ben Nabouhane 12 0.33 Congo Thievy Bifouma 12 24 0.50 Cook Islands Taylor Saghabi 6 10 0.60 Curaçao Felitciano Zschusschen 9 13 0.69 DR Congo Dieumerci Mbokani 18 40 0.45 Djibouti Ahmed Daher 14 0.29 Dominica Kurlson Benjamin 14 23 0.61 Dominican Republic Jonathan Faña 19 37 0.52 Eritrea Berhane Aregai 8 0.50 Faroe Islands Rógvi Jacobsen 10 53 0.18 Gibraltar Lee Casciaro / Jake Gosling / Liam Walker 18 / 11 / 22 0.11 / 0.18 / 0.10 Guam Jason Cunliffe 17 40 0.42 Guinea - Bissau Cícero Semedo 6 14 0.43 Guyana Nigel Codrington 17 33 0.51 Haiti Golman Pierre 18 23 0.79 Kazakhstan Ruslan Baltiev 13 73 0.18 Kosovo Elba Rashani / Albert Bunjaku 4 / 6 0.75 / 0.50 Kyrgyzstan Anton Zemlianukhin 12 25 0.47 Laos Visay Phaphouvanin 18 51 0.35 Liechtenstein Mario Frick 16 125 0.13 Lithuania Tomas Danilevicius 19 72 0.26 Luxembourg Leon Mart 16 24 0.67 Macau Chan Kin Seng 17 27 0.63 Madagascar Faneva Imà Andriatsima 11 29 0.38 Mauritania Cheikh Moulaye Ahmed 10 37 0.27 Mauritius Kersley Appou 10 24 0.42 Moldova Serghei Cleșcenco 11 69 0.16 Mongolia Donorovyn Lümbengarav 8 35 0.29 Montserrat Jaylee Hodgson 7 0.57 Myanmar Soe Myat Min 19 57 0.33 Namibia Rudolf Bester 13 46 0.28 Nepal Nirajan Rayamajhi 12 19 0.63 Nicaragua Juan Barrera 12 44 0.27 Niger Moussa Maâzou 11 43 0.26 North Korea Jong Il - gwan 17 57 0.28 Pakistan Muhammad Essa 11 37 0.23 Palestine Fahed Attal 14 40 0.35 Puerto Rico Héctor Ramos 11 27 0.41 Saint Lucia Titus Elva 14 24 0.58 Samoa Desmond Fa'aiuaso 7 12 0.58 San Marino Andy Selva 8 74 0.11 São Tomé and Príncipe Luis Leal 10 0.40 Seychelles Philip Zialor 11 28 0.39 Sierra Leone Umaru Bangura 43 0.10 South Sudan James Moga 6 17 0.36 Suriname Stefano Rijssel 10 31 0.32 Swaziland Felix Badenhorst 11 24 0.46 Tahiti Teaonui Tehau 16 26 0.62 Tajikistan Manuchekhr Dzhalilov 15 23 0.64 Timor - Leste Murilo de Almeida 6 7 0.86 Tonga Unaloto Feao 7 17 0.41 Turkmenistan Çariýar Muhadow 13 ? ? Turks and Caicos Islands Gavin Glinton 10 0.40 Vanuatu Richard Iwai 19 32 0.59 Notes ( edit ) Number is a count of nations . Seven nations ( Benin , Bulgaria , Denmark , Gabon , Romania , Scotland , and the United States ) have a pair of players tied for national leader . These are counted as one nation each . See also ( edit ) List of men 's association football players with 50 or more international goals List of footballers with 100 or more caps References ( edit ) General Roberto Mamrud , Karel Stokkermans . `` Players with 100 + Caps and 30 + International Goals '' . RSSSF . Retrieved 15 January 2016 . Specific Jump up ^ `` Ali Daei -- Century of International Appearances '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ferenc Puskás -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Godfrey Chitalu -- Century of International Appearances '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . Jump up ^ 80 days to go -- With 80 goals in 84 appearances , Kunishige Kamamoto is Japan 's all - time leading goalscorer . ( FIFA.com ) Jump up ^ `` Kunishige Kamamoto -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Godfrey Chitalu -- Century of International Appearances '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Hussein Saeed Mohammed -- Century of International Appearances '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . Jump up ^ PELÉ ( Edson Arantes do Nascimento ) -- The King of football ( FIFA.com ) Jump up ^ `` Edson Arantes do Nascimento `` Pelé '' -- Goals in International Matches `` . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Bashar Abdullah Salem Abdulaziz -- Century of International Appearances '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kinnah Phiri -- Century of International Appearances '' . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . 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Jump up ^ `` Shahrazen Said '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Heldon Ramos -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Mark Ebanks '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 12 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Hilaire Momi '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` El Fardou Ben Nabouhane '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Taylor Saghabi '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 12 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Felitciano Zschusschen '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Dieumerci Mbokani '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Kurlson Benjamin -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 4 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Berhane Aregai '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Jason Cunliffe -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 4 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cicero Semedo '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Nigel Codrington -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 4 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Ruslan Baltiev -- International Appearances '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 4 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Anton Zemlianukhin '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Visay Phaphouvanin -- International Goals '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Mario Frick -- Century of International Appearances '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 4 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Tomas Danilevicius -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Leon Mart -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Chan Kin Seng -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Faneva Andriatsima '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Moulaye Ahmed Bessam '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Kersley Appou '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Serghei Clescenco -- International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Donorovyn Lumbengarav -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Jaylee Hodgson '' . www.caribbeanfootballdatabase.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ min - intlg. html `` Soe Myat Min -- Goals in International Matches '' Check url = value ( help ) . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Rudolf Bester -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Nirajan Raymajhi '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 12 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Emilio Palacios -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Moussa Maazou '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Muhammad Essa '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 20 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Fahed Attal -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Hector Ramos '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 12 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Titus Elva '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 12 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Desmond Fa'aiuaso '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Andy Selva -- International Appearances '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 4 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Philip Zialor '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Stefano Rijssel '' . www.caribbeanfootballdatabase.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Felix Badenhorst '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 16 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Teaonui Tehau '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 26 March 2018 . Jump up ^ `` MMurilo de Almeida '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Unaloto Feao '' . www.national-football-teams.com . Retrieved 12 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` International Goals of Turkmenistan '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 6 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Richard Iwai -- Goals in International Matches '' . www.rsssf.com . Retrieved 4 February 2018 . External links ( edit ) RSSSF More goals than caps . FIFA. 3 June 2009 Europe 's all - time top international goalscorers UEFA. 8 November 2011 Top 10 premier league - goals . 30 December 2017 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_top_international_association_football_goal_scorers_by_country&oldid=838009872 '' Categories : National association football team records and statistics Lists of association football top scorers Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from January 2018 Articles with permanently dead external links Pages with URL errors Articles with hCards Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch فارسی Français Italiano Português Română Edit links This page was last edited on 24 April 2018 , at 11 : 22 . About Wikipedia

Question: who has the most international goals of all time


2018 Commonwealth Games medal table - Wikipedia 2018 Commonwealth Games medal table Jump to : navigation , search Part of a series on 2018 Commonwealth Games ( show ) Bids Venues ( Athletes ' Village ) Concerns and controversies Queen 's Baton Relay Opening ceremony ( Parade of Nations ) Participating teams Medal table Chronological summary Closing ceremony Mascot Festival 2018 CGF CGA The 2018 Commonwealth Games ( officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games ) , were a multi-sport event held in Gold Coast , Queensland , Australia , between 4 and 15 April 2018 . 275 medal events were held at these games . Australia , serving as the host nation , dominated the games with 80 gold , 59 silver and 59 bronze , for a total of 198 medals . Contents ( hide ) 1 Firsts 2 Medal table 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Firsts ( edit ) The Solomon Islands won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal , a bronze won by Jenly Tegu Wini in the women 's 58 kg weightlifting event . The Cook Islands won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal , a bronze won by Taiki Paniani and Aidan Zittersteijn in the men 's pairs lawn bowls event . Vanuatu won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal , a bronze won by para athlete Friana Kwevira in the women 's javelin throw ( F46 ) event . Dominica won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal when Thea LaFond won a bronze medal in the women 's triple jump event . A few days later , Dominica won its first ever silver medal when Yordanys Duranona Garcia came second in the men 's triple jump event . British Virgin Islands won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal when Kyron McMaster won the men 's 400m hurdles . Saint Lucia won its first ever Commonwealth Games gold medal when Levern Spencer won the women 's high jump event . Medal table ( edit ) The ranking in this table is consistent with International Olympic Committee convention in its published medal tables . By default , the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won ( in this context , a `` nation '' is an entity represented by a Commonwealth Games Association ) . The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals . If nations are still tied , equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by their three - letter country code . Australia tops the medal table rank with 80 gold , second England with 45 gold and third India with 26 gold . Key * Host nation ( Australia ) 2018 Commonwealth Games medal table Rank CGA Gold Silver Bronze Total Australia ( AUS ) * 80 59 59 198 England ( ENG ) 45 45 46 136 India ( IND ) 26 20 20 66 Canada ( CAN ) 15 40 27 82 5 New Zealand ( NZL ) 15 16 15 46 6 South Africa ( RSA ) 13 11 13 37 7 Wales ( WAL ) 10 12 14 36 8 Scotland ( SCO ) 9 13 22 44 9 Nigeria ( NGR ) 9 9 6 24 10 Cyprus ( CYP ) 8 5 14 11 Jamaica ( JAM ) 7 9 11 27 12 Malaysia ( MAS ) 7 5 12 24 13 Singapore ( SGP ) 5 9 14 Kenya ( KEN ) 7 6 17 15 Uganda ( UGA ) 6 16 Botswana ( BOT ) 5 17 Samoa ( SAM ) 0 5 18 Trinidad and Tobago ( TTO ) 0 19 Namibia ( NAM ) 0 0 20 Northern Ireland ( NIR ) 7 12 21 Bahamas ( BAH ) 0 22 Papua New Guinea ( PNG ) 0 23 Fiji ( FIJ ) 24 Pakistan ( PAK ) 0 5 25 Grenada ( GRN ) 0 26 Bermuda ( BER ) 0 0 Guyana ( GUY ) 0 0 British Virgin Islands ( IVB ) 0 0 Saint Lucia ( LCA ) 0 0 30 Bangladesh ( BAN ) 0 0 31 Sri Lanka ( SRI ) 0 5 6 32 Cameroon ( CMR ) 0 33 Dominica ( DMA ) 0 34 Isle of Man ( IOM ) 0 0 Mauritius ( MRI ) 0 0 Nauru ( NRU ) 0 0 37 Malta ( MLT ) 0 0 Vanuatu ( VAN ) 0 0 39 Cook Islands ( COK ) 0 0 Ghana ( GHA ) 0 0 Norfolk Island ( NFI ) 0 0 Seychelles ( SEY ) 0 0 Solomon Islands ( SOL ) 0 0 Total ( 43 CGAs ) 275 276 289 840 See also ( edit ) Commonwealth Games portal 2010s portal Gold Coast portal Queensland portal Australia portal All - time Commonwealth Games medal table References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Sport : Solomon Islands win first Comm Games medal '' . Radio New Zealand . Wellington , New Zealand . 7 April 2018 . Retrieved 7 April 2018 . Jump up ^ Persico , Christina ; Mitchell , Stephanie ( 9 April 2018 ) . `` Taranaki teen wins Cook Islands ' first Commonwealth Games medal '' . Stuff.co.nz . Retrieved 9 April 2018 . Jump up ^ Butler , Nick ( 9 April 2018 ) . `` Simbine stuns Blake to win Commonwealth Games 100 metres '' . Insidethegames.biz . Dunsar Media . Retrieved 9 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` UPDATE : Thea Lafond wins bronze for Dominica at Commonwealth Games '' . Dominica News Online . Retrieved 10 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Athletics Event Schedule Women 's Triple Jump - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games '' . results.gc2018.com . Retrieved 10 April 2018 . Jump up ^ Kelner , Martha ( 12 April 2018 ) . `` Kyron McMaster lets the tears flow after gold follows coach 's death '' . The Guardian . London , England . Retrieved 13 April 2018 . Jump up ^ Scott , Chris ( 12 April 2018 ) . `` A year after Hurricane Irma , Kyron McMaster wins BVI 's first Commonwealth medal '' . CNN . Atlanta , Georgia , United States . Retrieved 13 April 2018 . External links ( edit ) Official medal table ( hide ) Commonwealth Games medal tables 1930 1934 1938 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1978 1982 1986 1998 2002 2006 2014 2018 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_Commonwealth_Games_medal_table&oldid=838341120 '' Categories : 2018 Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games medal tables Queensland - related lists Hidden categories : Use Australian English from April 2018 All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English Use dmy dates from April 2018 Talk Contents About Wikipedia تۆرکجه Deutsch हिन्दी 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 26 April 2018 , at 11 : 57 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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Question: how many gold medals won by india in 2018 commonwealth games


Middle - Eastern cuisine - wikipedia Middle - Eastern cuisine Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Hummus , a Levantine and Egyptian dip made from mashed chickpeas Serving in Jerusalem restaurant including falafel , hummus , and salad Tahchin , an Iranian rice cake popular in Iran Middle Eastern cuisine is the cuisine of the various countries and peoples of the Middle East . The cuisine of the region is diverse while having a degree of homogeneity . It includes Arab , Iranian / Persian , Israeli , Assyrian , Armenian , Kurdish , Greek , Cypriot , Azerbaijani and Turkish cuisines . In 2017 , Middle Eastern cuisine was claimed by many sources to be one of the most popular and fastest growing ethnic cuisines in the US . Some commonly used ingredients include olives and olive oil , pitas , honey , sesame seeds , dates , sumac , chickpeas , mint , rice , and parsley . Some popular dishes include kebabs , dolma , baklava , yogurt , doner kebab , shawarma and Mulukhiyah . Contents ( hide ) 1 History and influences 2 Elements 2.1 Grains 2.2 Flavorings 2.3 Meat 2.4 Vegetables 2.5 Dishes 3 Beverages 4 Etiquette 4.1 Dining etiquette in Arab countries 4.2 Dining etiquette in non-Arab countries of Middle East 4.3 Iran 4.3. 1 Turkey 4.4 Month of Ramadan 5 Globalization 6 Geographical varieties of Arab cuisine of Middle East 7 Geographical varieties of non-Arab cuisines of Middle East 8 See also 9 References History and influences ( edit ) Doner kebab The Middle East includes the region formerly known as the Fertile Crescent ( the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers - Sumeria , Akkad , Assyria and Babylonia ) , where wheat was first cultivated , followed by barley , pistachios , figs , pomegranates , dates and other regional staples . Fermentation was also discovered here to leaven bread and make beer in Mesopotamia , and the earliest written recipes come from that region also . As a crossroads between Europe , Asia , the Caucasus and North Africa , this area has long been a hub of food and recipe exchange . During the first Persian Empire ( ca . 550 -- 330 BCE ) , the foundation was laid for modern Middle Eastern food when rice , poultry and various fruits were incorporated into the local diets . Figs , dates and nuts were brought by merchants to conquered lands , and spices were brought back from the Orient . The area was also influenced by dumplings from Mongol invaders ; turmeric , cumin , garlic and other spices from India ; cloves , peppercorns and allspice from the Spice Islands ; okra from Africa ; and tomatoes from the New World , via the Moors of Spain . Religion has also influenced the cuisine ; neither Jews nor Muslims eat pork , making lamb the primary meat . Since the Qur'an forbids alcohol consumption , the region is n't noted much for its wine -- except in religiously mixed Lebanon , where vineyards like Chateau Ksara , Chateau Kefraya and Chateau Masaya have gained international fame for their wines . Chateau Ksara is also very popular for its arak , an alcoholic drink produced in the Levant and Iraq . Al - Maza is Lebanon 's primary brewery , which was also , at one time , the Middle East 's only beer - producing factory . Lebanon has always been well known in the region for its wines and arak , making it an exception when it comes to lack of alcohol in the region . Under the Ottoman Empire , sweet pastries of paper thin phyllo dough and dense coffee were brought to the area . Elements ( edit ) Grains ( edit ) Grains constitute the basis of the Middle Eastern diet , both historically and today . Wheat and rice are the major and preferred sources of staple foods . Barley is also widely used in the region and maize has become common in some areas as well . Bread is a universal staple -- eaten in one form or another by all classes and groups -- practically at every meal . Aside from bread , wheat is also used in the forms of bulghur and couscous . Burghul is cracked wheat , made by partially cooking the wheat grains in water , drying it in an oven or in the sun , then breaking it into pieces , in different grades of size . Typically , it is cooked in water , with flavorings , much like rice . Burghul is also used in making meat pies and as an ingredient in salads , notably in tabbouleh , with chopped parsley , tomato , lemon , and oil . Freekeh is another common grain , made from immature green wheat . There are many types of rice produced and consumed in the region . Plain rice is served under grilled meats or with meat / vegetable stews . In more complex rice dishes , there are layers of meat , vegetables , sauces , nuts , or dried fruits . Flavorings ( edit ) Butter and clarified butter ( also known as smen ) are , traditionally , the preferred medium of cooking . Olive oil is prevalent in the Mediterranean coastal areas . Christians use it during Lent , when meat and dairy products are excluded , and Jews use it in place of animal fats such as butter to avoid mixing meat and dairy products . Most regions in the Middle East use spices . Typically , a stew will include a small amount of cinnamon , nutmeg , cloves , cumin , and coriander . Black pepper is common , and chili peppers are used occasionally , especially as a separate sauce or as a pickle . Parsley and mint are commonly used both in cooking and in salads . Thyme and thyme blends ( za'atar ) are common in Syria , Lebanon , Jordan and Israel , and a mixture of dried thyme and sumac ( crushed sour berries ) is a common breakfast item with oil and bread . Sumac is also sprinkled over grilled meat . Garlic is common to many dishes and salads . Meat ( edit ) Kebab koobideh Lamb and mutton have always been the favored meats of the Middle East . Pork is prohibited in both Islam and Judaism , and as such is rarely eaten in the region . Prominent among the meat preparations are grilled meats , or kebabs . There are a wide variety of these grills , with many regional specialties and styles . The most common are the cubed cuts on skewers , known as shish kebab in most places . Chicken may also be grilled in the same fashion . Another common variety is kofta kebab , made from ground meat , sometimes mixed with onions and spices , shaped around the skewer like a long sausage and grilled . Kebabs are typically a street or restaurant food , served with bread , salad , and pickles . It is not usually prepared in domestic kitchens . Meat and vegetable stews , served with rice , bulgur , or bread , are another form of meat preparation in the region . Kibbeh is a pie or dumpling made with meat and cereal . The most common are made with ground meat ( typically lamb ) and burghul , worked together like a dough , then stuffed with minced meat that has been fried with onion , aromatics , and , sometimes , pine nuts or almonds and raisins . This can either be in the form of individual small dumplings ( usually shaped like a torpedo ) , or in slices like a cake , baked on an oven tray with the stuffing placed between two layers of the dough . One variation is kibbeh naye , raw kibbeh , which is made by pounding raw meat and burghul together with seasoning and served with dips of lemon juice and chili sauce . Vegetables ( edit ) Tursu are the pickled vegetables of the cuisines of many Balkan and Middle East countries . Vegetables and pulses are the predominant staple of the great majority of the people in the Middle East . They are boiled , stewed , grilled , stuffed , and cooked with meat and with rice . Among the green leaf vegetables , many varieties of cabbage , spinach , and chard are widely used . Root and bulb vegetables , such as onions and garlic , as well as carrots , turnips , and beets are equally common . Squash , tomato , eggplants , and okra are distinctive elements in the cookery of the region . ( Use your own discretion with this commentary , as Squash and tomatoes originate from the Americas , and are not ' distinctive ' to the region as the above suggested . ) Eggplant is often fried in slices and dressed in yogurt and garlic , or roasted over an open fire , then pulped and dressed with tahini ( sesame paste ) , lemon juice , garlic , and cumin , a dish known as baba ghanoush . Tomato is the most ubiquitous ingredient in Middle Eastern cookery . It is used fresh in a variety of salads , cooked in almost every stew and broth , and grilled with kebab . Beans and pulses are crucial to the diet of the region , second only to cereals . Fava beans are eaten both green and dried . Dried , they are boiled into one of the most popular Egyptian foods : ful medames , a domestic and street food , eaten for breakfast or any other meal , mashed and dressed in oil , lemon , and chili . Similar dishes are found in all other parts of the region . The famous Falafel , now popular in Europe and America , was originally made from dried fava , crushed and formed into a rissole with herbs and spices , then fried . It is also made from chickpeas or a mixture of the two . Green fava are cooked like other green beans , boiled and dressed in oil , or stewed with meat . The haricot beans and black - eyed beans are also common . Lentils , split peas , and chickpeas are widely used in soups , with rice , in salads , or with meat . Hummus , made from chickpeas and sesame paste , originated in Syria and Lebanon . Dishes ( edit ) Meze is a selection of small dishes served to accompany alcoholic drinks as a course or as appetizers before the main dish in Arab countries , Turkic countries , and Iran . Stuffed vegetables are a dish most associated with the Middle East in the popular mind . They are commonly called dolma , the Turkish word meaning `` stuffed , '' but also the Arabic mahshi . Grape leaves , chard , and cabbage are stuffed with rice , ground meat , pine nuts , and spices , and then stewed in oil and tomato . Many vegetables are similarly stuffed and stewed or baked , such as squash , onion , tomato , eggplant , peppers , and even carrots . Mezze is common throughout the Middle East . It consists of a number of small dishes that are picked at leisure : cheese , melon , nuts , various salads and dips , such as tabbouleh , hummus and mutabbal , pickles , and also more substantial items , such as grilled meat , kibbeh , and sausage . Arabs commonly consume milk , fresh or soured . Yogurt , a Turkish contribution , is commonly consumed plain , used in cooking , used in salad dressing , or diluted as a drink . White cheeses , like the Greek feta and haloumi , are the most common in the region . Beverages ( edit ) Turkish coffee Turkish coffee is the most well known beverage of the region . It is thicker than regular coffee and is made by boiling finely ground coffee in water and then letting the grounds settle . In the 1980s , instant coffee also became popular . Aside from coffee , there is also an alcoholic drink called arak . It is most famous for its potency and milky - white color when water is added , producing the drink nicknamed `` the milk of lions '' . Water and ice are almost always added because of an alcohol content between 30 % and 60 % . Arak is colorless in its pure form and is aniseed - flavored . In the Middle East , arak is served in social settings and with mezze . Some Christians in the Middle East , such as the Assyrians and Armenians produce their own home made beer and wine . A common drink among Muslims served during Ramadan is Qamar El Deen , a thick and sweet apricot drink . The apricots are boiled with sugar and water until they are thick and placed on wooden planks left in the sun until dry . A fruit leather is left , which is then melted with water and sugar and drunk . Another popular drink is Jallab . It is made by diluting a mixture grape molasses , dates , and rose water and served with crushed ice . Some also serve it with raisins or pine nuts . Ayran ( and Doogh ) is a beverage made from yogurt very popular in certain Middle Eastern countries such as Turkey and Iran . Etiquette ( edit ) See also : Etiquette in the Middle East Dining etiquette in Arab countries ( edit ) In Arab countries of the Middle East , especially in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf , it is common for people to take their food from a communal plate in the center of the table . Rather than employing forks or spoons , people traditionally dine without utensils ; they scoop up food with their thumb and two fingers or pita bread . In the Arab culture , the left hand is considered unclean . This however is changing now with utensils being widely used for dining . Even left - handed people eat only with the right hand . A common exception is that the left hand may be used to hold a drinking glass when eating greasy food with the right . It is proper etiquette to compliment the host on the food and her hospitality . Similarly , it is important to try every plate on the table . If a guest does not leave food on his plate , the host generally fills it immediately . The Middle East places emphasis on enjoying meals with family and friends . Dining etiquette in non-Arab countries of Middle East ( edit ) Iran ( edit ) In Iranian Azerbaijan the term `` eliz ağırmasın '' ( literally ' may your hand not hurt ' ) is used to thank someone . The language spoken in Iranian Azerbaijan is Azeri Turkish , a Turkic language . Turkey ( edit ) Tea is usually served in little curved glasses that you hold not by the stem , but by the lip : you never add milk , but you can add water as you drink it to dilute the tea , which is sometimes still steeping when you get it . Coffee is generally available . The coffee is drunk carefully ( there are grounds on the bottom ) ; it is also thick and black , and each cup is individually brewed , often with the sugar already in it , and milk is usually not to be added . Since it is offered all the time and everywhere , it is a gesture of hospitality and you must always take the coffee or tea , even if you only put it to your lips or just take a few sips . Your cup will always be refilled if it is less than half full . Because you must never pour your own drink , you must always be alert throughout the meal as to whether your neighbor 's cup or glass needs refilling . If it is less than half full , it needs refilling ; alternately , if yours is less than half full , your neighbor is obliged to refill it . If he or she does not , do not refill it yourself , for this will cause him or her to lose face ; instead , diplomatically indicate your need by pouring a little more drink into your neighbor 's glass , even if it does n't really need it . If you are the honored guest , you will be expected to make a toast , usually soon after the host does or at the end of the meal , just before everyone departs . Dining is done with forks and spoons and knives , Western style . The knife is held in the right hand , and the fork in the left . Do not switch hands for knives and forks . Smoking is ubiquitous in Turkey . People smoke between courses during dinner . The host sits at the head of the table , with the honored guest seated next to the host . In addition , the honored guest sits on the side of the table farthest from the door . ( At business meetings , the key people sit in the middle , flanked on either side in descending order by their aides , with the least important people sitting at the ends of the table farthest from the middle , and closest to the door ; the arrangement is mirrored on the other side . ) Men and women eating at someone 's home might dine in separate areas ( and spend the entire evening separated ) or at separate times , with the men dining first The honored guest is served first , then the oldest man , then the rest of the men , then children , and finally women . Do not begin to eat or drink until the oldest man at the table has been served and has begun . You may want to ask your host when it is appropriate to begin . At the end of the meal , it is appropriate to thank the host or hostess for a wonderful meal . In restaurants , you often order each dish as you want it , so that they are not ordered all at once at the beginning of the meal . In informal restaurants , you may be required to share a table . If so , do not force conversation : act as if you are seated at a private table . Waitstaff may be summoned by making eye contact ; waving or calling their names is very impolite . Dining etiquette for business meals . Most business meals are lunches . Business meals are generally not good times to discuss business or make business decisions ; they are intended to build the more important personal relationship . Take your cue from your Turkish associates : if they bring up business , then it 's okay to discuss it , but wait to take your lead from their conversation . Water , and other drinks , may not be served until after the meal is over , as some believe that drinking while eating is not healthy . When you are at a colleague 's home for a formal meal , you will be invited to sit anywhere you like at the table ; resist the impulse to sit down , and wait until your host gives you further instructions . These will generally come after the host or oldest man is seated , and often you will be placed at his side . It is a great honor to be invited into a Turkish home . Once inside , you may need to remove your shoes ( this is not the custom in restaurants , however ) . If you move from room to room in a Turkish home , be sure to always allow the more senior members of your party to enter the room ahead of you . It is customary to say `` Afiyet olsun '' ( `` May what you eat bring well - being '' ) before or after eating , and to say `` Elinize sağlik '' ( it is a compliment to the hostess , meaning `` Bless your hand '' ) after the meal . Month of Ramadan ( edit ) During the month of Ramadan , food consumption increases dramatically throughout Muslim communities . Breaking the fast becomes a banquet , with exchanges of invitations between kin and friends , and public banquets held by charities and associations . Cafes and pastry shops are open at night , and a carnival atmosphere prevails in the streets . Many Muslims , following the reported example of Muhammad , break their fast with a date , followed by a variety of dishes . Sweet pastries and puddings are always present on Ramadan nights everywhere . The end of Ramadan is marked by a festival , Id ' al - Fitr , a feast that breaks the fast , during which a great quantity and variety of sweets and pastries are consumed . The other major Muslim feast is that of ' Id al - Adha , the feast of the sacrifice , which occurs during the pilgrimage month . At this time an animal , usually a sheep or a goat , is slaughtered in every household that can afford it , and great banquets are prepared , with an obligation to give food to the poor . Globalization ( edit ) In North America , Middle Eastern food first came became popular in the 1990s with the so - called Mediterranean diet . According to the Mayo Clinic , the benefits included reduced risks of heart disease , Alzheimer 's disease and cancer . Geographical varieties of Arab cuisine of Middle East ( edit ) Bahraini cuisine Emirati cuisine Egyptian cuisine Iraqi cuisine Jordanian cuisine Kuwaiti cuisine Lebanese cuisine Omani cuisine Palestinian cuisine Qatari cuisine Saudi Arabian cuisine Syrian cuisine Yemeni cuisine Geographical varieties of non-Arab cuisines of Middle East ( edit ) Assyrian cuisine Armenian cuisine Azerbaijani cuisine Cypriot cuisine Kurdish cuisine Greek cuisine Georgian cuisine Iranian cuisine ( Persian cuisine ) Israeli cuisine ( Jewish cuisine ) Turkish cuisine ( Ottoman cuisine ) See also ( edit ) Middle East portal Food portal Arab cuisine Caucasian cuisine Central Asian cuisine Greek cuisine Jewish cuisine Levantine cuisine Mediterranean cuisine Cuisine of the Mizrahi Jews Ottoman cuisine Islamic dietary laws Jewish dietary laws References ( edit ) Wikivoyage has travel information for Middle Eastern cuisine . ^ Jump up to : `` The Middle East : Background & History '' . Archived from the original on 26 May 2017 . Retrieved 20 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` How Middle Eastern Cuisine Became The ' It ' Food Of 2017 '' . The RushOrder Blog. 2017 - 12 - 05 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 14 . Jump up ^ Middle Eastern cuisines : gain ground . Bnet UK . January 2003 ^ Jump up to : `` Crisis in the Middle East : layout your solution to bring peace to the region '' . eNotes . Retrieved 20 November 2014 . Jump up ^ Arak : Middle Eastern Alcoholic Beverage , About.com , Jump up ^ `` In pictures : Turkey 's Assyrian wine - makers '' . BBC News . Jump up ^ `` Devour Blog : Qamar El Deen '' . Retrieved 20 November 2014 . Jump up ^ Mayssam Samaha . `` Jallab -- A Refreshingly Sweet Summer Drink -- Honest Cooking '' . Honest Cooking . Archived from the original on 1 May 2013 . Retrieved 20 November 2014 . Jump up ^ Getcustoms.com Archived September 22 , 2010 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Cross Cultural Dining Etiquette '' . Retrieved 20 November 2014 . 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Phosphorus pentoxide - wikipedia Phosphorus pentoxide Jump to : navigation , search Phosphorus pentoxide Names Other names Diphosphorus pentoxide Phosphorus ( V ) oxide Phosphoric anhydride Tetraphosphorus decaoxide Tetraphosphorus decoxide Identifiers CAS Number 1314 - 56 - 3 16752 - 60 - 6 ( P O ) 3D model ( JSmol ) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI : 37376 ChemSpider 14128 ECHA InfoCard 100.013. 852 PubChem CID 14812 RTECS number TH3945000 InChI ( show ) InChI = 1S / P6o5 / c1 - 11 - 5 - 12 ( 2 ) 8 - 13 ( 3 , 6 - 11 ) 10 - 14 ( 4 , 7 - 11 ) 9 - 12 Key : DLYUQMMRRRQYAE - UHFFFAOYSA - N SMILES ( show ) O = P13OP2 ( = O ) OP ( = O ) ( O1 ) OP ( = O ) ( O2 ) O3 Properties Chemical formula P O Molar mass 283.886 g mol Appearance white powder very deliquescent pungent odour Density 2.39 g / cm Melting point sublimes Boiling point 360 ° C ( 680 ° F ; 633 K ) Solubility in water exothermic hydrolysis Vapor pressure 1 mmHg @ 385 ° C ( stable form ) Hazards Safety data sheet MSDS EU classification ( DSD ) ( outdated ) not listed NFPA 704 0 Except where otherwise noted , data are given for materials in their standard state ( at 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) , 100 kPa ) . N verify ( what is ? ) Infobox references Phosphorus pentoxide is a chemical compound with molecular formula P O ( with its common name derived from its empirical formula , P O ) . This white crystalline solid is the anhydride of phosphoric acid . It is a powerful desiccant and dehydrating agent . Contents ( hide ) 1 Structure 2 Preparation 3 Applications 4 Related phosphorus oxides 5 Hazards 6 Fiction 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Structure ( edit ) Phosphorus pentoxide crystallizes in at least four forms or polymorphs . The most familiar one , a metastable form , shown in the figure , comprises molecules of P O. Weak van der Waals forces hold these molecules together in a hexagonal lattice ( However , in spite of the high symmetry of the molecules , the crystal packing is not a close packing ) . The structure of the P O cage is reminiscent of adamantane with T symmetry point group . It is closely related to the corresponding anhydride of phosphorous acid , P O . The latter lacks terminal oxo groups . Its density is 2.30 g / cm . It boils at 423 ° C under atmospheric pressure ; if heated more rapidly it can sublimate . This form can be made by condensing the vapor of phosphorus pentoxide rapidly , the result is an extremely hygroscopic solid . The other polymorphs are polymeric , but in each case the phosphorus atoms are bound by a tetrahedron of oxygen atoms , one of which forms a terminal P =O bond involving the donation of the terminal oxygen p - orbital electrons to the antibonding phosphorus - oxygen single bonds . The macromolecular form can be made by heating the compound in a sealed tube for several hours , and maintaining the melt at a high temperature before cooling the melt to the solid . The metastable orthorhombic , `` O '' - form ( density 2.72 g / cm , melting point 562 ° C ) , adopts a layered structure consisting of interconnected P O rings , not unlike the structure adopted by certain poly silicates . The stable form is a higher density phase , also orthorhombic , the so - called O ' form . It consists of a 3 - dimensional framework , density 3.5 g / cm . The remaining polymorph is a glass or amorphous form ; it can be made by fusing any of the others . part of an o ′ - ( P O ) layer o ′ - ( P O ) layers stacking Preparation ( edit ) P O is prepared by burning elemental phosphorus with sufficient supply of air : P + 5 O → P O For most of the 20th century , phosphorus pentoxide was used to provide a supply of concentrated pure phosphoric acid . In the thermal process , the phosphorus pentoxide obtained by burning white phosphorus was dissolved in dilute phosphoric acid to produce concentrated acid . Improvements in filter technology is leading to the `` wet phosphoric acid process '' taking over from the thermal process , obviating the need to produce white phosphorus as a starting material . The dehydration of phosphoric acid to give phosphorus pentoxide is not possible as on heating metaphosphoric acid will boil without losing all its water . Applications ( edit ) Phosphorus pentoxide is a potent dehydrating agent as indicated by the exothermic nature of its hydrolysis : P O + 6 H O → 4 H PO ( -- 177 kJ ) However , its utility for drying is limited somewhat by its tendency to form a protective viscous coating that inhibits further dehydration by unspent material . A granular form of P O is used in desiccators . Consistent with its strong desiccating power , P O is used in organic synthesis for dehydration . The most important application is for the conversion of primary amides into nitriles : P O + RC ( O ) NH → P O ( OH ) + RCN The indicated coproduct P O ( OH ) is an idealized formula for undefined products resulting from the hydration of P O . Alternatively , when combined with a carboxylic acid , the result is the corresponding anhydride : P O + RCO H → P O ( OH ) + ( RC ( O ) ) O The `` Onodera reagent '' , a solution of P O in DMSO , is employed for the oxidation of alcohols . This reaction is reminiscent of the Swern oxidation . The desiccating power of P O is strong enough to convert many mineral acids to their anhydrides . Examples : HNO is converted to N O ; H SO is converted to SO ; HClO is converted to Cl O ; CF SO H is converted to ( CF ) S O . Related phosphorus oxides ( edit ) Between the commercially important P O and P O , phosphorus oxides are known with intermediate structures . Hazards ( edit ) Phosphorus pentoxide is not flammable . It reacts vigorously with water and water - containing substances like wood or cotton , liberates much heat and may even cause fire . It is corrosive to metal and is very irritating -- it may cause severe burns to the eye , skin , mucous membrane , and respiratory tract even at concentrations as low as 1 mg / m . Fiction ( edit ) In Anthony Burgess ' The Wanting Seed , phosphorus pentoxide is a highly prized compound . In Detective Comics # 825 , Batman notices that phosphorus pentoxide was at the scene of a fire , indicating that the villain Dr. Phosphorus was involved . In Aldous Huxley 's Point Counter Point , Lord Edward bemoans societal loss of phosphorous pentoxide to his assistant Illidge . In Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World , Henry Foster tells Lenina about the recovery of phosphorus pentoxide . In The Tunnel , ( season 1 , episode 6 ) , a victim was consumed by a fire started with phosphorus pentoxide . See also ( edit ) Eaton 's reagent References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Greenwood , Norman N. ; Earnshaw , Alan ( 1997 ) . Chemistry of the Elements ( 2nd ed . ) . Butterworth - Heinemann . ISBN 0 - 08 - 037941 - 9 . Jump up ^ Cruickshank , D.W.J. ( 1964 ) . `` Refinements of Structures Containing Bonds between Si , P , S or Cl and O or N : V. P O '' . Acta Crystallogr. 17 ( 6 ) : 677 -- 9 . doi : 10.1107 / S0365110X64001669 . Jump up ^ D.E.C. Corbridge `` Phosphorus : An Outline of its Chemistry , Biochemistry , and Technology '' 5th Edition Elsevier : Amsterdam . ISBN 0 - 444 - 89307 - 5 . ^ Jump up to : . Catherine E. Housecroft ; Alan G. Sharpe ( 2008 ) . `` Chapter 15 : The group 15 elements '' . Inorganic Chemistry , 3rd Edition . Pearson . p. 473 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 13 - 175553 - 6 . Jump up ^ D. Stachel , I. Svoboda and H. Fuess ( June 1995 ) . `` Phosphorus Pentoxide at 233 K '' . Acta Crystallogr. C. 51 ( 6 ) : 1049 -- 1050 . doi : 10.1107 / S0108270194012126 . Jump up ^ Threlfall , Richard E. , ( 1951 ) . The story of 100 years of Phosphorus Making : 1851 - 1951 . Oldbury : Albright & Wilson Ltd Jump up ^ Podger , Hugh ( 2002 ) . Albright & Wilson : The Last 50 Years . Studley : Brewin Books . ISBN 1 - 85858 - 223 - 7 Jump up ^ Meier , M.S. `` Phosphorus ( V ) Oxide '' in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis ( Ed : L. Paquette ) 2004 , J. Wiley & Sons , New York . doi : 10.1002 / 047084289 . Jump up ^ Joseph C. Salamone , ed. ( 1996 ) . Polymeric materials encyclopedia : C , Volume 2 . CRC Press . p. 1417 . ISBN 0 - 8493 - 2470 - X . Jump up ^ Tidwell , T.T. `` Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- Phosphorus Pentoxide '' in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis ( Ed : L. Paquette ) 2004 , J. Wiley & Sons , New York . doi : 10.1002 / 047084289 . Jump up ^ Luer , B. ; Jansen , M. `` Crystal Structure Refinement of Tetraphosphorus Nonaoxide , P O '' Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 1991 , volume 197 , pages 247 - 8 . Jump up ^ Phosphorus pentoxide MSDS External links ( edit ) OSHA Spec sheet Definition Website of the Technische Universität Darmstadt and the CEEP about Phosphorus Recovery Phosphorus compounds PBr PBr PCl PCl PF PF PI InP PH PN P O P O P O AlP Ca P Zn P CuP HfP FeP Fe P BP YP Oxides Mixed oxidation states Antimony tetroxide ( Sb O ) Cobalt ( II , III ) oxide ( Co O ) Europium ( II , III ) oxide ( Eu O ) Iron ( II , III ) oxide ( Fe O ) Lead ( II , IV ) oxide ( Pb O ) Manganese ( II , III ) oxide ( Mn O ) Silver ( I , III ) oxide ( Ag O ) Triuranium octoxide ( U O ) Carbon suboxide ( C O ) Mellitic anhydride ( C O ) Praseodymium ( III , IV ) oxide ( Pr O ) Terbium ( III , IV ) oxide ( Tb O ) + 1 oxidation state Copper ( I ) oxide ( Cu O ) Dicarbon monoxide ( C O ) Dichlorine monoxide ( Cl O ) Gallium ( I ) oxide ( Ga O ) Lithium oxide ( Li O ) Potassium oxide ( K O ) Rubidium oxide ( Rb O ) Silver oxide ( Ag O ) Thallium ( I ) oxide ( Tl O ) Sodium oxide ( Na O ) Water ( hydrogen oxide ) ( H O ) + 2 oxidation state Aluminium ( II ) oxide ( Al O ) Barium oxide ( Ba O ) Beryllium oxide ( Be O ) Cadmium oxide ( Cd O ) Calcium oxide ( Ca O ) Carbon monoxide ( CO ) Chromium ( II ) oxide ( Cr O ) Cobalt ( II ) oxide ( Co O ) Copper ( II ) oxide ( Cu O ) Europium ( II ) oxide ( Eu O ) Germanium monoxide ( Ge O ) ) Iron ( II ) oxide ( Fe O ) Lead ( II ) oxide ( Pb O ) Magnesium oxide ( Mg O ) Manganese ( II ) oxide ( Mn O ) Mercury ( II ) oxide ( Hg O ) Nickel ( II ) oxide ( Ni O ) Nitric oxide ( N O ) Palladium ( II ) oxide ( Pd O ) Silicon monoxide ( Si O ) Strontium oxide ( Sr O ) Sulfur monoxide ( S O ) Disulfur dioxide ( S O ) Tin ( II ) oxide ( Sn O ) Titanium ( II ) oxide ( Ti O ) Vanadium ( II ) oxide ( V O ) Zinc oxide ( Zn O ) + 3 oxidation state Aluminium oxide ( Al O ) Antimony trioxide ( Sb O ) Arsenic trioxide ( As O ) Bismuth ( III ) oxide ( Bi O ) Boron trioxide ( B O ) Cerium ( III ) oxide ( Ce O ) Dibromine trioxide ( Br O ) Chromium ( III ) oxide ( Cr O ) Dinitrogen trioxide ( N O ) Dysprosium ( III ) oxide ( Dy O ) Erbium ( III ) oxide ( Er O ) Europium ( III ) oxide ( Eu O ) Gadolinium ( III ) oxide ( Gd O ) Gallium ( III ) oxide ( Ga O ) Holmium ( III ) oxide ( Ho O ) Indium ( III ) oxide ( In O ) Iron ( III ) oxide ( Fe O ) Lanthanum oxide ( La O ) Lutetium ( III ) oxide ( Lu O ) Manganese ( III ) oxide ( Mn O ) Neodymium ( III ) oxide ( Nd O ) Nickel ( III ) oxide ( Ni O ) Phosphorus trioxide ( P O ) Praseodymium ( III ) oxide ( Pr O ) Promethium ( III ) oxide ( Pm O ) Rhodium ( III ) oxide ( Rh O ) Samarium ( III ) oxide ( Sm O ) Scandium oxide ( Sc O ) Terbium ( III ) oxide ( Tb O ) Thallium ( III ) oxide ( Tl O ) Thulium ( III ) oxide ( Tm O ) Titanium ( III ) oxide ( Ti O ) Tungsten ( III ) oxide ( W O ) Vanadium ( III ) oxide ( V O ) Ytterbium ( III ) oxide ( Yb O ) Yttrium ( III ) oxide ( Y O ) + 4 oxidation state Americium dioxide ( Am O ) Carbon dioxide ( C O ) Carbon trioxide ( C O ) Cerium ( IV ) oxide ( Ce O ) Chlorine dioxide ( Cl O ) Chromium ( IV ) oxide ( Cr O ) Dinitrogen tetroxide ( N O ) Germanium dioxide ( Ge O ) Hafnium ( IV ) oxide ( Hf O ) Lead dioxide ( Pb O ) Manganese dioxide ( Mn O ) Neptunium ( IV ) oxide ( Np O ) Nitrogen dioxide ( N O ) Osmium dioxide ( Os O ) Plutonium ( IV ) oxide ( Pu O ) Praseodymium ( IV ) oxide ( Pr O ) Protactinium ( IV ) oxide ( Pa O ) Rhodium ( IV ) oxide ( Rh O ) Ruthenium ( IV ) oxide ( Ru O ) Selenium dioxide ( Se O ) Silicon dioxide ( Si O ) Sulfur dioxide ( S O ) Tellurium dioxide ( Te O ) Terbium ( IV ) oxide ( Tb O ) Thorium dioxide ( Th O ) Tin dioxide ( Sn O ) Titanium dioxide ( Ti O ) Tungsten ( IV ) oxide ( W O ) Uranium dioxide ( U O ) Vanadium ( IV ) oxide ( V O ) Zirconium dioxide ( Zr O ) + 5 oxidation state Antimony pentoxide ( Sb O ) Arsenic pentoxide ( As O ) Dinitrogen pentoxide ( N O ) Niobium pentoxide ( Nb O ) Phosphorus pentoxide ( P O ) Protactinium ( V ) oxide ( Pa O ) Tantalum pentoxide ( Ta O ) Vanadium ( V ) oxide ( V O ) + 6 oxidation state Chromium trioxide ( Cr O ) Molybdenum trioxide ( Mo O ) Rhenium trioxide ( Re O ) Selenium trioxide ( Se O ) Sulfur trioxide ( S O ) Tellurium trioxide ( Te O ) Tungsten trioxide ( W O ) Uranium trioxide ( U O ) Xenon trioxide ( Xe O ) Iridium trioxide ( Ir O ) + 7 oxidation state Dichlorine heptoxide ( Cl O ) Manganese heptoxide ( Mn O ) Rhenium ( VII ) oxide ( Re O ) Technetium ( VII ) oxide ( Tc O ) + 8 oxidation state Osmium tetroxide ( Os O ) Ruthenium tetroxide ( Ru O ) Xenon tetroxide ( Xe O ) Iridium tetroxide ( Ir O ) Hassium tetroxide ( Hs O ) Related Oxocarbon Suboxide Oxyanion Ozonide Peroxide Superoxide Oxides are sorted by oxidation state . Category : Oxides Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phosphorus_pentoxide&oldid=816094955 '' Categories : Inorganic phosphorus compounds Acid anhydrides Acidic oxides Glass compositions Dehydrating agents Adamantane - like molecules Hidden categories : Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers Articles without InChI source Articles without KEGG source Articles without UNII source Articles with changed CASNo identifier ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata Articles with changed InChI identifier Chembox having DSD data Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes Chembox image size set Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia تۆرکجه Bosanski Català Čeština Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Қазақша Latviešu Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 19 December 2017 , at 06 : 39 . 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Baseball metaphors for sex - wikipedia Baseball metaphors for sex This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 11 March 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search Among American adolescents , baseball metaphors for sex are often used as euphemisms for the degree of physical intimacy achieved in sexual encounters or relationships . In the metaphor , first prevalent in the aftermath of World War II , sexual activities are described as if they are actions in a game of baseball . Contents ( hide ) 1 Details and popularity 2 Sex education 3 Alternative views 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Details and popularity ( edit ) Among the most commonly used metaphors are the bases describing levels of physical intimacy ( generally from a heterosexual perspective ) . Definitions vary , but the following are typical usages of the terms : First base -- mouth - to - mouth kissing , especially French kissing ; Second base -- skin - to - skin touching / kissing of the breasts ; in some contexts , it may instead refer to touching any erogenous zones through the clothes ( i.e. , not actually touching the skin ) , or manual stimulation of the genitals ; Third base -- touching below the waist ( without sexual intercourse ) ; in some contexts , it may instead refer to oral stimulation of the genitals ; Home run ( home base or scoring ) -- `` full '' sexual intercourse . Additionally , Strikeout -- a failure to engage in any form of foreplay or other sexual activity ; Additionally , there are two metaphors used to refer to men who have sex with men : Pitching -- the man performing anal sex Catching -- the man receiving anal sex Other similar metaphors include : Switch hitter -- a bisexual individual , referencing a player who can bat from either side Playing for the other team -- usually indicating a person is gay or lesbian Playing for both teams -- usually indicating a person is bisexual The metaphors are found variously in popular American culture , with one well - known example in the Meat Loaf song `` Paradise by the Dashboard Light '' , which describes a young couple `` making out '' , with a voice - over commentary , by baseball announcer Phil Rizzuto , of a portion of a baseball game as a metaphor for the couple 's activities . A similar example can be found in Billy Joel 's song `` Zanzibar '' in which he compares himself to Pete Rose and sings the lines `` Me , I 'm trying just to get to second base and I 'd steal it if she only gave the sign . She 's gon na give the go ahead , the inning is n't over yet for me . '' David Letterman chronicled many of these in his `` Top Ten Baseball Euphemisms for Sex '' -- a recurring theme on the Top Ten Lists featured on the late - night talk shows he hosted before his retirement . Sex education ( edit ) Educators have found the baseball metaphor an effective instructional tool when providing sex education to middle school students . Leman and Bell , in their book A Chicken 's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex , make use of it to aid parents in the discussion of puberty with their children , dividing the topics into `` first base '' ( `` Changes from the neck up '' ) , `` second base '' ( `` Changes from the neck to the waist '' ) , `` third base '' ( `` Changes from the waist down '' ) , and `` home plate '' ( `` The Big ' It ' '' ) . Alternative views ( edit ) This sequence of `` running the bases '' is often regarded as a script , or pattern , for young people who are experimenting with sexual relationships . The script may have slightly changed since the 1960s . Kohl and Francoeur state that with the growing emphasis in the 1990s on safe sex to expand sex beyond heterosexual penetrative intercourse , the `` home run '' has taken on the additional dimension of oral sex . Richters and Rissel conversely state that `` third base '' is now sometimes considered to comprise oral sex as part of the accepted pattern of activities , as a precursor to `` full '' ( i.e. penetrative ) sex . See also ( edit ) Baseball portal Sexuality portal Glossary of English - language idioms derived from baseball References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Hellermann , Steven L. ; Markovits , Andrei S. ( 2001 ) . Offside : Soccer and American Exceptionalism . Princeton University Press . p. 66 . ISBN 069107447X . Jump up ^ Romaine , Suzanne ( 1999 ) . Communicating Gender . Lawrence Erlbaum Associates . p. 210 . ISBN 0 - 8058 - 2926 - 1 . Jump up ^ Jezer , Marty ( 1982 ) . The Dark Ages , Life in the United States , 1945 -- 1960 . South End Press . p. 248 . ISBN 0 - 89608 - 127 - 3 . Jump up ^ Levkoff , Logan ( 2012 ) . `` Sex Talk Among Teens '' . Third Base Ai n't What it Used to Be : What Your Kids Are Learning About Sex Today -- and How to Teach Them to Become Sexually Healthy Adults . Open Road Media . ISBN 9781453262924 . Dalzell , Tom ( 2008 ) . The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English . Routledge . ISBN 9781134194780 . Rutter , Virginia & Schwartz , Pepper ( 2012 ) . The Gender of Sexuality : Exploring Sexual Possibilities . Rowman & Littlefield . ISBN 9780742570030 . Jump up ^ Pearlman , Jeff ( 2007 - 08 - 29 ) . `` Phil and Meat Loaf will always have `` Paradise '' `` . ESPN . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . Jump up ^ Bielen , Ken ( 2011 ) . The Words and Music of Billy Joel . Praeger . p. 50 . ISBN 9780313380167 . Jump up ^ Letterman , David ( 2001 - 09 - 19 ) . Top Ten Baseball Euphemisms for Sex . Late Show with David Letterman . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 30 . ( Search the `` Top Ten '' archive by the show date here . ) Jump up ^ Hall , Alvin L. ; Altherr , Thomas L. ( 2002 ) . `` Eros at the Bat : American Baseball and Sexuality in Historical Context '' . The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1998 . McFarland & Company . pp. 157 -- 182 . ISBN 0 - 7864 - 0954 - 1 . Jump up ^ Leman , Kevin ; Bell , Kathy Flores ( 2004 ) . A Chicken 's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex . Zondervan . ISBN 031025096X . Jump up ^ Juliet Richters and Chris Rissel ( 2005 ) . Doing it Down Under : The Sexual Lives of Australians . Allen & Unwin . p. 32 . ISBN 1 - 74114 - 326 - 8 . Jump up ^ Kohl , James V. ; Francoeur , Robert T. ( 2002 ) . The Scent of Eros : Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality . iUniverse . pp. 153 -- 154 . ISBN 059523383X . External links ( edit ) Dale , David ( 2004 - 02 - 10 ) . `` Strike me lucky , it just is n't cricket '' . The Sun - Herald . Sexual slang General Anilingus Banjee Bareback Baseball metaphors for sex Blue balls Bottom Camel toe Chickenhead Circle jerk Cock tease Cornhole Cougar Cunt Daisy chain Deep - throating Dick Dirty Sanchez Dogging Donkey punch Douche Felching Fuck Girlfriend experience Glory hole Hogging Hot Karl Italian profanity Latin profanity Mama - san Mammary intercourse Mat Mile high club Motherfucker Nookie Party and play Pearl necklace Pegging Pirate Pussy Quickie Red wings Rusty trombone Saddlebacking Serosorting Shemale Slut Snowballing Soggy biscuit Switch Teabagging Tits Top Top , bottom and versatile Turkey slap Twat Voulez - vous coucher avec moi ? Wanker Whale tail Whore LGBT - specific Bara Bear Beard Bi-curious Breeder Bugchasing Chicken Chickenhawk Chub Daddy Down - low Dyke Fag hag Fruit Gay - for - pay Lipstick lesbian Queen Soft butch Swish Trade Troll Twink U-Haul lesbian In pornography Ass to mouth Bukkake Centerfold Clothed female , naked male ( CFNM ) Clothed male , naked female ( CMNF ) Creampie Cum shot Deep - throating Downblouse Facial Felching Fluffer Gang bang Gokkun Golden Age of Porn Insert MILF / DILF Money shot Paysite Point - of - view Rosebud Stunt cock Upskirt In popular culture List of films that most frequently use the word `` fuck '' Human sexuality Sexology Sexual slur Terminology of homosexuality Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball_metaphors_for_sex&oldid=829908955 '' Categories : American slang Baseball culture Metaphors referring to sport Sexual acts Sexual slang Hidden categories : Wikipedia pending changes protected pages Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Français 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 11 March 2018 , at 15 : 32 . 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Marie Van Brittan Brown - Wikipedia Marie Van Brittan Brown Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Marie Van Brittan Brown ( 1922 - 10 - 30 ) 30 October 1922 2 February 1999 ( 1999 - 02 - 02 ) ( aged 76 ) Marie Van Brittan Brown ( October 30 , 1922 -- February 2 , 1999 ) was an African - American inventor , becoming the originator of the home security system ( patent number 3,482,037 ) in 1966 , along with her husband Albert Brown , a patent was granted in 1969 . Brown was born in Jamaica , Queens , New York ; she died there at the age of 76 . Brown 's system had a set of four peep - holes and a camera that could slide up and down to look at each one . Anything and everything the camera picked up would appear on a monitor . Also , a resident could unlatch the door by remote control . Although the system was originally intended for domestic uses , many businesses began to adopt her system due to its effectiveness . For her invention she received an award from the National Science Committee . The system included a device that enabled a homeowner to use a television set to view the person at the door and hear the caller 's voice . Brown cited the inspiration for her invention as the long time it would take for police to arrive at a house after being called by residents . Sources ( edit ) Social Security Death Index United States Patent Office Black Stars : African American Women Scientists and Inventors , by Sullivan et al. , publ . Jossey - Bass , 2001 , ISBN 0 - 471 - 38707 - X References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Marie Van Brittan Brown biography at African American Registry . ^ Jump up to : `` Inventor Marie Van Brittan Brown born African American Registry '' . www.aaregistry.org . Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 22 . Jump up ^ Webster , Raymond B. ( 1999 ) . African American firsts in science & technology . Detroit ( u.a. ) : Gale . p. 127 . ISBN 0787638765 . This article about an American scientist is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Van_Brittan_Brown&oldid=817537733 '' Categories : 1922 births 1999 deaths American inventors Women inventors African - American inventors American scientist stubs Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from December 2010 All articles needing additional references Articles with hCards All stub articles Talk About Wikipedia Español Português Edit links This page was last edited on 29 December 2017 , at 01 : 23 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia

Question: who invented the first home video security system


90th Academy Awards - wikipedia 90th Academy Awards Jump to : navigation , search 90th Academy Awards Official poster Date March 4 , 2018 Site Dolby Theatre Hollywood , Los Angeles , California , U.S. Hosted by Jimmy Kimmel Produced by Michael De Luca Jennifer Todd Directed by Glenn Weiss TV in the United States Network ABC ← 89th Academy Awards 91st → The 90th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , will honor the best films of 2017 and will take place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California at 5 : 00 p.m. PST on March 4 , 2018 . The ceremony will take place after its usual late - February date to avoid conflicting with the 2018 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS will present Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony will be televised in the United States by ABC , produced by Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd and directed by Glenn Weiss . Comedian Jimmy Kimmel will host for a second consecutive year , making Kimmel the first person to host back - to - back ceremonies since Billy Crystal in 1997 and 1998 . In related events , the Academy held its 9th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 11 , 2017 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Schedule 1.1 Governors Awards 2 Ceremony information 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Schedule ( edit ) Date Event Friday , January 12 , 2018 Nominations polls close Tuesday , January 23 , 2018 Nominations announced Monday , February 5 , 2018 Nominees Luncheon Saturday , February 10 , 2018 Scientific and Technical Achievement Awards presentation Tuesday , February 20 , 2018 Final voting begins Tuesday , February 27 , 2018 Final polls close Sunday , March 4 , 2018 90th Annual Academy Awards presentation Governors Awards ( edit ) The Academy held its ninth annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 11 , 2017 , during which the following awards were presented : Academy Honorary Awards Main article : Academy Honorary Award Agnès Varda -- French film director , writer , editor and producer . Charles Burnett -- American director , writer , producer , editor and cinematographer . Donald Sutherland -- Canadian actor . Owen Roizman -- American cinematographer . Special Achievement Academy Award Main article : Special Achievement Academy Award Alejandro González Iñárritu for his virtual reality project Carne y arena . Ceremony information ( edit ) On December 4 , 2017 , it was announced that the ceremony and its pre-show 's timings has been changed and are scheduled to broadcast a half - hour earlier than prior telecasts . See also ( edit ) Academy Award portal 45th Annie Awards 71st British Academy Film Awards 23rd Critics ' Choice Awards 75th Golden Globe Awards 38th Golden Raspberry Awards 21st Hollywood Film Awards 33rd Independent Spirit Awards 22nd Satellite Awards 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards List of submissions to the 90th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` 90TH ANNUAL ACADEMY AWARDS '' . Retrieved December 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Josh Rottenberg . `` Academy Awards dates set through 2021 ; Winter Olympics bump 2018 Oscars to March '' . Los Angeles Times . Tronc . Retrieved December 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Thompson , Anne ( May 16 , 2017 ) . `` Oscar Host Jimmy Kimmel , Producers Return for Academy Awards 2018 '' . IndieWire . Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved April 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Thompson , Anne ( May 16 , 2017 ) . `` Jimmy Kimmel Returning to Host the 2018 Oscars '' . Collider . Complex . Retrieved May 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Goldstein , Micheline ( September 6 , 2017 ) . `` The Academy to Honor Charles Burnett , Owen Roizman , Donald Sutherland and Agnes Varda with Oscars at 2017 Governors Awards '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Archived from the original on December 27 , 2017 . Retrieved December 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hipes , Patrick ( April 4 , 2017 ) . `` Oscars Dates Set For 2018 And Beyond '' . Deadline.com . Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved April 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Tapley , Kristopher ( 2017 - 09 - 06 ) . `` Oscars : Charles Burnett , Owen Roizman , Donald Sutherland , Agnes Varda Set for Academy 's Governors Awards '' . Variety . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Agnes Varda '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . 2017 - 10 - 17 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Charles Burnett '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . 2017 - 10 - 17 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Donald Sutherland '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . 2017 - 10 - 17 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Owen Roizman '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . 2017 - 10 - 17 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Alejandro González Iñárritu 's incredible VR experience is getting a special Oscar award '' . The Verge . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Inarritu awarded Oscar for VR show '' . BBC News . October 28 , 2017 . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Dove , Steve ( December 4 , 2017 ) . `` New broadcast time for the 90th Oscar announced '' . Oscar . Retrieved December 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Oscars Will Start 30 Minutes Earlier This Year '' . PopCulture.com . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 06 . External links ( edit ) Academy Awards official website The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences official website ( hide ) Academy Awards Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) Records Most wins per ceremony Oscar season Governors Awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting Pre-show Awards of Merit Best Picture Director Actor Actress Supporting Actor Supporting Actress Adapted Screenplay Original Screenplay Animated Feature Documentary Feature Foreign Language Film Animated Short Film Documentary Short Subject Live Action Short Film Cinematography Costume Design Film Editing Makeup and Hairstyling Original Score Original Song Production Design Sound Editing Sound Mixing Visual Effects Special awards Governors Awards Academy Honorary Award Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award Special Achievement Academy Award Academy Scientific and Technical Awards Academy Award of Merit ( non-competitive ) Scientific and Engineering Award Technical Achievement Award John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation Gordon E. Sawyer Award Student Awards Student Academy Award Former awards Merit Awards Assistant Director Dance Direction Director of a Comedy Picture Engineering Effects Short Subject , Two - reel Short Subject , Comedy Short Subject , Novelty Story Title Writing Unique and Artistic Quality of Production Special Awards Academy Juvenile Award Ceremonies ‡ ( List Book ) 1927 / 28 1928 / 29 1929 / 30 1930 / 31 1931 / 32 1932 / 33 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1997 1998 2017 Footnotes ‡ Dates and years listed for each ceremony were the eligibility period of film release in Los Angeles County , California . For the first five ceremonies , the eligibility period was done on a seasonal basis , from August to July . For the 6th ceremony held in 1934 , the eligibility period lasted from August 1 , 1932 to December 31 , 1933 . Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935 , the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31 . Book Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=90th_Academy_Awards&oldid=819484357 '' Categories : Academy Awards ceremonies 2018 film awards 2018 in Los Angeles 2018 in American cinema 2018 awards in the United States Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from December 2017 Official website not in Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Latviešu Magyar Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Svenska Türkçe 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 9 January 2018 , at 16 : 43 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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Question: when will the 2018 oscar nominations be announced