Ouija - wikipedia Ouija Jump to : navigation , search ( show ) Part of a series of articles on the paranormal Main articles Afterlife Angel Astral projection Aura Bilocation Clairvoyance Close encounter Cold spot Conjuration Deity Demon Demonic possession Demonology Devil Ectoplasm Electronic voice phenomenon Exorcism Extrasensory perception Fairy Fear of ghosts Forteana Ghost Ghost hunting Ghost story God Haunted house Hypnosis Indigo children Magic Mediumship Miracle Occult Orb Ouija Paranormal Paranormal fiction Paranormal television Poltergeist Precognition Psychic Psychic reading Psychokinesis Psychometry Reincarnation Remote viewing Residual haunting Retrocognition Shadow people Soul Spirit photography Spirit possession Spirit world Spiritualism Stone Tape Supernatural Telepathy UFO UFO sightings Ufology Will - o ' - the - wisp Haunted locations United Kingdom United States World Articles on skepticism Cold reading Committee for Skeptical Inquiry Debunking Hoax James Randi Educational Foundation Magical thinking Prizes for evidence of the paranormal Pseudoskepticism Scientific skepticism Related articles on science , psychology , and logic Agnosticism Anomalistics Argument from ignorance Argumentum ad populum Bandwagon effect Begging the question Cognitive dissonance Communal reinforcement Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty Urban legend Related articles on Social change and Parapsychology Countermovement Death and culture Parapsychology Scientific literacy Social movement This article is about the spiritualist use of the ouija board . For other uses , see Ouija ( disambiguation ) . Not to be confused with Ouida . Original Ouija board created in 1894 Part of a series on ( hide ) Spiritualism Spirit Spiritualism Spiritualist beliefs Spiritism Practices Mediumship Faith healing Psychometry Automatic writing Related topics Afterlife Spirit world Spirit guide Shamanism Animism Psychic Clairvoyant Paranormal Occult Parapsychology The ouija ( / ˈwiːdʒə / WEE - jə or / ˈwiːdʒi / WEE - jee ) , also known as a spirit board or talking board , is a flat board marked with the letters of the alphabet , the numbers 0 -- 9 , the words `` yes '' , `` no '' , `` hello '' ( occasionally ) , and `` goodbye '' , along with various symbols and graphics . It uses a small heart - shaped piece of wood or plastic called a planchette . Participants place their fingers on the planchette , and it is moved about the board to spell out words . `` Ouija '' is a trademark of Hasbro , Inc. , but is often used generically to refer to any talking board . According to Hasbro , players take turns asking questions and then `` wait to see what the planchette spells out '' for them . Following its commercial introduction by businessman Elijah Bond on July 1 , 1890 , the ouija board was regarded as a parlor game unrelated to the occult until American spiritualist Pearl Curran popularized its use as a divining tool during World War I. Spiritualists believed that the dead were able to contact the living and reportedly used a talking board very similar to a modern ouija board at their camps in Ohio in 1886 to ostensibly enable faster communication with spirits . Some Christian denominations have `` warned against using ouija boards '' , holding that they can lead to demonic possession . Occultists , on the other hand , are divided on the issue , with some saying that it can be a positive transformation ; others reiterate the warnings of many Christians and caution `` inexperienced users '' against it . Paranormal and supernatural beliefs associated with Ouija have been harshly criticized by the scientific community , since they are characterized as pseudoscience . The action of the board can be parsimoniously explained by unconscious movements of those controlling the pointer , a psychophysiological phenomenon known as the ideomotor effect . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 China 1.2 Talking boards 1.3 Commercial parlor game 2 Scientific investigation 3 Use in creation of literature 4 Religious responses 5 Notable users 6 In popular culture 6.1 Books 6.2 Movies 6.3 Television 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links History ( edit ) China ( edit ) See also : Fuji ( planchette writing ) Wang Chongyang , founder of the Quanzhen School , depicted in Changchun Temple , Wuhan One of the first mentions of the automatic writing method used in the ouija board is found in China around 1100 AD , in historical documents of the Song Dynasty . The method was known as fuji `` planchette writing '' . The use of planchette writing as an ostensible means of necromancy and communion with the spirit - world continued , and , albeit under special rituals and supervisions , was a central practice of the Quanzhen School , until it was forbidden by the Qing Dynasty . Several entire scriptures of the Daozang are supposedly works of automatic planchette writing . According to one author , similar methods of mediumistic spirit writing have been practiced in ancient India , Greece , Rome , and medieval Europe . Talking boards ( edit ) As a part of the spiritualist movement , mediums began to employ various means for communication with the dead . Following the American Civil War in the United States , mediums did significant business in presumably allowing survivors to contact lost relatives . The ouija itself would be created and named in Baltimore , Maryland , in 1890 , but the use of talking boards was so common by 1886 that news reported the phenomenon taking over the spiritualists ' camps in Ohio . Commercial parlor Game ( edit ) A modern Ouija board plus planchette Businessman Elijah Bond had the idea to patent a planchette sold with a board on which the alphabet was printed , much like the previously existing talking boards . The patentees filed on May 28 , 1890 for patent protection and thus are credited with the invention of the Ouija board . Issue date on the patent was February 10 , 1891 . They received U.S. Patent 446,054 . Bond was an attorney and was an inventor of other objects in addition to this device . An employee of Elijah Bond , William Fuld , took over the talking board production . In 1901 , Fuld started production of his own boards under the name `` Ouija '' . Charles Kennard ( founder of Kennard Novelty Company which manufactured Fuld 's talking boards and where Fuld had worked as a varnisher ) claimed he learned the name `` Ouija '' from using the board and that it was an ancient Egyptian word meaning `` good luck . '' When Fuld took over production of the boards , he popularized the more widely accepted etymology : that the name came from a combination of the French and German words for `` yes '' . The Fuld name became synonymous with the Ouija board , as Fuld reinvented its history , claiming that he himself had invented it . The strange talk about the boards from Fuld 's competitors flooded the market , and all these boards enjoyed a heyday from the 1920s through the 1960s . Fuld sued many companies over the `` Ouija '' name and concept up until his death in 1927 . In 1966 , Fuld 's estate sold the entire business to Parker Brothers . Hasbro purchased the product line in 1991 and continues to hold all trademarks and patents . About ten brands of talking boards are sold today under various names . Scientific investigation ( edit ) The ouija phenomenon is considered by the scientific community to be the result of the ideomotor response . Michael Faraday first described this effect in 1853 , while investigating table - turning . Various studies have been produced , recreating the effects of the ouija board in the lab and showing that , under laboratory conditions , the subjects were moving the planchette involuntarily . A 2012 study found that when answering yes or no questions , ouija use was significantly more accurate than guesswork , suggesting that it might draw on the unconscious mind . Skeptics have described ouija board users as ' operators ' . Some critics noted that the messages ostensibly spelled out by spirits were similar to whatever was going through the minds of the subjects . According to Professor of neurology Terence Hines in his book Pseudoscience and the Paranormal ( 2003 ) : The planchette is guided by unconscious muscular exertions like those responsible for table movement . Nonetheless , in both cases , the illusion that the object ( table or planchette ) is moving under its own control is often extremely powerful and sufficient to convince many people that spirits are truly at work ... The unconscious muscle movements responsible for the moving tables and Ouija board phenomena seen at seances are examples of a class of phenomena due to what psychologists call a dissociative state . A dissociative state is one in which consciousness is somehow divided or cut off from some aspects of the individual 's normal cognitive , motor , or sensory functions . In the 1970s ouija board users were also described as `` cult members '' by sociologists , though this was severely scrutinised in the field . Ouija boards have been criticized in the press since their inception , having been variously described as `` ' vestigial remains ' of primitive belief - systems '' and a con to part fools from their money . Some journalists have described reports of ouija board findings as ' half truths ' and have suggested that their inclusion in national newspapers lowers the national discourse overall . Use in creation of literature ( edit ) Ouija boards have been the source of inspiration for literary works , used as guidance in writing or as a form of channeling literary works . As a result of Ouija boards ' becoming popular in the early 20th century , by the 1920s many `` psychic '' books were written of varying quality often initiated by ouija board use . Emily Grant Hutchings claimed that her novel Jap Herron : A Novel Written from the Ouija Board ( 1917 ) was dictated by Mark Twain 's spirit through the use of a Ouija board after his death . Pearl Lenore Curran ( February 15 , 1883 -- December 4 , 1937 ) , alleged that for over 20 years she was in contact with a spirit named Patience Worth . This symbiotic relationship produced several novels , and works of poetry and prose , which Pearl Curran claimed were delivered to her through channelling Worth 's spirit during sessions with a ouija board , and which works Curran then transcribed . In late 1963 , Jane Roberts and her husband Robert Butts started experimenting with a ouija board as part of Roberts ' research for a book on extra-sensory perception . According to Roberts and Butts , on December 2 , 1963 they began to receive coherent messages from a male personality who eventually identified himself as Seth , culminating in a series of books dictated by `` Seth '' . In 1982 , poet James Merrill released an apocalyptic 560 - page epic poem titled The Changing Light at Sandover , which documented two decades of messages dictated from the Ouija board during séances hosted by Merrill and his partner David Noyes Jackson . Sandover , which received the National Book Critics Circle Award in 1983 , was published in three volumes beginning in 1976 . The first contained a poem for each of the letters A through Z , and was called The Book of Ephraim . It appeared in the collection Divine Comedies , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1977 . According to Merrill , the spirits ordered him to write and publish the next two installments , Mirabell : Books of Number in 1978 ( which won the National Book Award for Poetry ) and Scripts for the Pageant in 1980 . Religious responses ( edit ) Since early in the ouija board 's history , it has been criticized by several Christian groups including Roman Catholics . Catholic Answers , a Christian apologetics organization , states that `` The Ouija board is far from harmless , as it is a form of divination ( seeking information from supernatural sources ) . '' In 2001 , Ouija boards were burned in Alamogordo , New Mexico , by fundamentalist groups alongside Harry Potter books as `` symbols of witchcraft . '' Religious criticism has also expressed beliefs that the Ouija board reveals information which should only be in God 's hands , and thus it is a tool of Satan . A spokesperson for Human Life International described the boards as a portal to talk to spirits and called for Hasbro to be prohibited from marketing them . Bishops in Micronesia called for the boards to be banned and warned congregations that they were talking to demons and devils when using the boards . Notable users ( edit ) Dick Brooks , of the Houdini Museum in Scranton , Pennsylvania , uses a Ouija board as part of a paranormal and seance presentation . Jane Roberts contacted Seth initially through the Ouija board an ' energy personality essence no longer focused in the physical world ' . The book Seth Speaks was an explanation of reality by Seth . G.K. Chesterton used a Ouija board in his teenaged years . Around 1893 , he had gone through a crisis of scepticism and depression , and during this period Chesterton experimented with the Ouija board and grew fascinated with the occult . Early press releases stated that Vincent Furnier 's stage and band name `` Alice Cooper '' was agreed upon after a session with a Ouija board , during which it was revealed that Furnier was the reincarnation of a 17th - century witch with that name . Alice Cooper later revealed that he just thought of the first name that came to his head while discussing a new band name with his band . Poet James Merrill used a Ouija board for years and even encouraged entrance of spirits into his body . Before he died , he recommended that people must not use Ouija boards . Former Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi claimed under oath that , in a séance held in 1978 with other professors at the University of Bologna , the `` ghost '' of Giorgio La Pira used a Ouija to spell the name of the street where Aldo Moro was being held by the Red Brigades . According to Peter Popham of The Independent : `` Everybody here has long believed that Prodi 's Ouija board tale was no more than an ill - advised and bizarre way to conceal the identity of his true source , probably a person from Bologna 's seething far - left underground whom he was pledged to protect . '' The Mars Volta wrote their album Bedlam in Goliath ( 2008 ) based on their alleged experiences with a Ouija board . According to their story ( written for them by a fiction author , Jeremy Robert Johnson ) , Omar Rodriguez Lopez purchased one while traveling in Jerusalem . At first the board provided a story which became the theme for the album . Strange events allegedly related to this activity occurred during the recording of the album : the studio flooded , one of the album 's main engineers had a nervous breakdown , equipment began to malfunction , and Cedric Bixler - Zavala 's foot was injured . Following these bad experiences the band buried the Ouija board . In the murder trial of Joshua Tucker , his mother insisted that he had carried out the murders while possessed by the Devil , who found him when he was using a Ouija board . Bill Wilson , the co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous , used a Ouija board and conducted seances in attempts to contact the dead . Much of William Butler Yeats 's later poetry was inspired , among other facets of occultism , by the Ouija board . Yeats himself did not use it , but his wife did . In London in 1994 , convicted murderer Stephen Young was granted a retrial after it was learned that four of the jurors had conducted a Ouija board séance and had `` contacted '' the murdered man , who had named Young as his killer . Young was convicted for a second time at his retrial and jailed for life . Aleister Crowley had great admiration for the use of the ouija board and it played a passing role in his magical workings . Jane Wolfe , who lived with Crowley at Abbey of Thelema , also used the Ouija board . She credits some of her greatest spiritual communications to use of this implement . Crowley also discussed the Ouija board with another of his students , and the most ardent of them , Frater Achad ( Charles Stansfeld Jones ) : it is frequently mentioned in their unpublished letters . In 1917 Achad experimented with the board as a means of summoning Angels , as opposed to Elementals . In one letter Crowley told Jones : `` Your Ouija board experiment is rather fun . You see how very satisfactory it is , but I believe things improve greatly with practice . I think you should keep to one angel , and make the magical preparations more elaborate . '' Over the years , both became so fascinated by the board that they discussed marketing their own design . Their discourse culminated in a letter , dated February 21 , 1919 , in which Crowley tells Jones , `` Re : Ouija Board . I offer you the basis of ten percent of my net profit . You are , if you accept this , responsible for the legal protection of the ideas , and the marketing of the copyright designs . I trust that this may be satisfactory to you . I hope to let you have the material in the course of a week . '' In March , Crowley wrote to Achad to inform him , `` I 'll think up another name for Ouija . '' But their business venture never came to fruition and Crowley 's new design , along with his name for the board , has not survived . Crowley has stated , of the Ouija Board that , There is , however , a good way of using this instrument to get what you want , and that is to perform the whole operation in a consecrated circle , so that undesirable aliens can not interfere with it . You should then employ the proper magical invocation in order to get into your circle just the one spirit you want . It is comparatively easy to do this . A few simple instructions are all that is necessary , and I shall be pleased to give these , free of charge , to any one who cares to apply . E.H. Jones and C.W. Hill , whilst prisoners of the Turks during the First World War , used a Ouija board to convince their captors that they were mediums as part of an escape plan . In popular culture ( edit ) Ouija boards have figured prominently in horror tales in various media as devices enabling malevolent spirits to spook their users . Most often , they make brief appearances , relying heavily on the atmosphere of mystery the board already holds in the mind of the viewer , in order to add credence to the paranormal presence in the story being told . Books ( edit ) In Stephen King 's post-apocalyptic novel The Stand , Nadine Cross is contacted by Randall Flagg ( also known as the dark man or Satan 's Imp ) twice via Ouija board . The first time is unintentionally , in college ; the second time , in post-plague Boulder , she deliberately opens herself up to the communication , with dire consequences . The Ouija Board ( Paranormal Adventure Series Book 1 ) by Shelby White centers on a group of friends who unintentionally release evil through their use of a Ouija board , as does The Harrowing by Alexandra Sokoloff . In For What It 's Worth by Janet Tashjian a boy uses a Ouija board to contact the spirits of Janis Joplin , Jimi Hendrix , and Jim Morrison . Issue # 79 of Bart Simpson , a comic book series based on The Simpsons , contains a story called `` The Demon '' in which Bart and Lisa find a Ouija board and unleash a demon . Issue # 10 of Bart Simpson 's Treehouse of horror contains the story `` Scareway to Heaven '' in which a Ouija board results in demon possession . The Invisible Histories of the Spiral Mountain ; or The Hymns of Melchizedek , an occult novel by Christopher of Detroit , contains several chapter that use the talking board for communication with the protagonist 's higher self . Movies ( edit ) The Uninvited , made in 1944 , features a scene with an impromptu board the characters put together . The 1973 blockbuster film , The Exorcist , also uses a ouija board to explain why the young girl becomes possessed . Alison 's Birthday has one too , with its claustrophobia - inducing filming , as do the films Deadly Messages and Awakenings . The earliest Western film to hinge its entire plot around the ( mis ) use of a Ouija board , Witchboard ( 1986 ) , makes a nod to The Exorcist ( where there is a sequence in which a board is used ) , with a main character called Linda , and her partner quipping `` So what you 're telling me is ... that I 'm living with Linda Blair ? '' Witchboard was so successful it spawned two sequels : Witchboard 2 : The Devil 's Doorway , and Witchboard III : The Possession . In the same year as the first of the trilogy , the film Spookies also had its own Ouija board scene . What Lies Beneath ( 2000 ) also includes a séance scene with a board . Paranormal Activity ( 2007 ) involved a violent entity haunting a couple that becomes powerful when the man uses a Ouija board , despite the woman 's objection . Another 2007 film , Ouija , depicted a group of adolescents whose use of the board causes a murderous spirit to follow them , while four years later , The Ouija Experiment portrayed a group of friends whose use of the board opens , and fails to close , a portal between the worlds of the living and the dead . The 2014 film Ouija featured a group of friends whose use of the board prompted a series of deaths . That film was followed by a 2016 prequel , Ouija : Origin of Evil , which also features the device . Television ( edit ) In season 1 episode 5 of The West Wing , the Ouija boards are mentioned by two characters who compare having a Ouija board to believing in UFO 's . In Season 3 Episode 8 of Reba ( TV series ) , Barbra Jean and Reba use an Ouija Board to try and clean Barbra Jean and Brock 's house after Reba convinced her that the house was haunted . While holding the séance Reba pretended to be a ghost causing Barbra Jean to scream and run up stairs . The electric then goes out and Barbra Jean screams once again . At the end of the episode Barbra Jean asked Reba if they should ask the board if Brock was being a good husband in Vegas and the planchette moved . Reba then jumped across the table into Barbra Jean 's arms . See also ( edit ) List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Dowsing Divided consciousness Dual consciousness Left brain interpreter Bicameralism ( psychology ) Alien hand syndrome Notes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` US Trademark Registration Number 0519636 under First Use in Commerce '' . tsdr.uspto.gov . Jump up ^ `` Ouija Board ( 2001 ) Instructions - Hasbro '' ( PDF ) . Hasbro.com . Hasbro , Inc . Retrieved 13 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Brunvand , Jan Harold ( 1998 ) . American folklore : an encyclopedia . Taylor & Francis . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8153 - 3350 - 0 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Strange and Mysterious History of the ouija Board '' . ^ Jump up to : Raising the devil : Satanism , new religions , and the media . University Press of Kentucky . Retrieved 31 December 2007 . Practically since its invention a century ago , mainstream Christian religions , including Catholicism , have warned against the use of oujia boards , claiming that they are a means of dabbling with Satanism ( Hunt 1985 : 93 - 95 ) . Occultists are divided on the oujia board 's value . Jane Roberts ( 1966 ) and Gina Covina ( 1979 ) express confidence that it is a device for positive transformation and they provide detailed instructions on how to use it to contact spirits and map the other world . But some occultists have echoed Christian warnings , cautioning inexperienced persons away from it . Jump up ^ Carlisle , Rodney P. ( 2 April 2009 ) . Encyclopedia of Play in Today 's Society . SAGE Publications . p. 434 . ISBN 9781412966702 . In particular , Ouija boards and automatic writing are kin in that they can be practiced and explained both by parties who see them as instruments of psychological discovery ; and both are abhorred by some religious groups as gateways to demonic possession , as the abandonment of will and invitation to external forces represents for them an act much like presenting an open wound to a germ - filled environment . ^ Jump up to : Heap , Michael . ( 2002 ) . Ideomotor Effect ( the Ouija Board Effect ) . In Michael Shermer . The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience . ABC - CLIO . pp. 127 - 129 . ISBN 1 - 57607 - 654 - 7 Jump up ^ Adams , Cecil ; Ed Zotti ( 3 July 2000 ) . `` How does a Ouija board work ? '' . The Straight Dope . Retrieved 6 July 2010 . Jump up ^ Carroll , Robert T. ( 31 October 2009 ) . `` Ouija board '' . Skeptic 's Dictionary . Retrieved 6 July 2010 . Jump up ^ French , Chris . ( 2013 ) . `` The unseen force that drives Ouija boards and fake bomb detectors '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 11 October 2014 . Jump up ^ Silvers , Brock . The Taoist Manual ( Honolulu : Sacred Mountain Press , 2005 ) , p. 129 -- 132 . Jump up ^ Chao Wei - pang. 1942 . `` The origin and Growth of the Fu Chi '' , Folklore Studies 1 : 9 -- 27 ^ Jump up to : Orlando , Eugene . `` Ancient Ouija Boards : Fact ot Fiction ? '' . Museum of Talking Boards . Retrieved 24 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Cornelius , J.E. Aleister Crowley and the Ouija Board , pp. 20 -- 21 . Feral House , 2005 . ^ Jump up to : Burgess , Cheryl A ; Irving Kirsch ; Howard Shane ; Kristen L. Niederauer ; Steven M. Graham ; Alyson Bacon . `` Facilitated Communication as an Ideomotor Response '' . Psychological Science . Blackwell Publishing . 9 ( 1 ) : 71 . doi : 10.1111 / 1467 - 9280.00013 . JSTOR 40063250 . ^ Jump up to : Gauchou HL ; Rensink RA ; Fels S. ( 2012 ) . Expression of nonconscious knowledge via ideomotor actions . Conscious Cogn. 21 ( 2 ) : 976 - 982 . Jump up ^ Shenefelt PD. ( 2011 ) . Ideomotor signaling : from divining spiritual messages to discerning subconscious answers during hypnosis and hypnoanalysis , a historical perspective . Am J Clin Hypn. 53 ( 3 ) : 157 - 167 . Jump up ^ Faraday , Michael ( 1853 ) . `` Experimental investigation of table - moving '' . Journal of the Franklin Institute . 56 ( 5 ) : 328 -- 333 . doi : 10.1016 / S0016 - 0032 ( 38 ) 92173 - 8 . Jump up ^ Chisholm , Hugh , ed. ( 1911 ) . `` Table - turning '' . Encyclopædia Britannica ( 11th ed . ) . Cambridge University Press . Jump up ^ Garrow , Hattie Brown ( 1 December 2008 ) . `` Suffolk 's Lakeland High teens find their own answers '' . The Virginian - Pilot . Jump up ^ Dickerson , Brian ( 6 February 2008 ) . `` Crying rape through a Ouija board '' . Detroit Free Press . McClatchy -- Tribune Business News . ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . Jump up ^ Tucker , Milo Asem ( Apr 1897 ) . `` Comparative Observations on the Involuntary Movements of Adults and Children '' . The American Journal of Psychology . University of Illinois Press . 8 ( 3 ) : 402 . JSTOR 1411486 . Jump up ^ Hines , Terence. ( 2003 ) . Pseudoscience and the Paranormal . Prometheus Books . p. 47 . ISBN 1 - 57392 - 979 - 4 Jump up ^ Robbins , Thomas ; Dick Anthony ( 1979 ) . `` The Sociology of Contemporary Religious Movements '' . Annual Review of Sociology . Annual Reviews . 5 : 81 -- 7 . doi : 10.1146 / annurev. so. 05.080179. 000451 . JSTOR 2945948 . Jump up ^ Howerth , I.W. ( Aug 1927 ) . `` Science and Religion '' . The Scientific Monthly . American Association for the Advancement of Science . 25 ( 2 ) : 151 . doi : 10.2307 / 7828 . JSTOR 7828 . Jump up ^ Lloyd , Alfred H. ( Sep 1921 ) . `` Newspaper Conscience -- A Study in Half - Truths '' . The American Journal of Sociology . The University of Chicago Press . 27 ( 2 ) : 198 -- 205 . doi : 10.1086 / 213304 . JSTOR 2764824 . Jump up ^ White , Stewart Edward ( March 1943 ) . The Betty Book . USA : E.P. Dutton & CO. , Inc . pp. 14 -- 15 . ISBN 0 - 89804 - 151 - 1 . Jump up ^ `` Book Review - Jap Herron '' . Twainquotes.com . Retrieved 11 June 2012 . Jump up ^ ESP Power , by Jane Roberts ( 2000 ) ( introductory essay by Lynda Dahl ) . ISBN 0 - 88391 - 016 - 0 Jump up ^ `` All Past National Book Critics Circle Awards Winners and Finalists '' . National Book Critics Circle . Retrieved 24 April 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Past winners & finalists by category '' . The Pulitzer Prizes . Pulitzer.org . Retrieved 6 April 2012 . Jump up ^ `` National Book Awards -- 1979 '' . National Book Foundation . Retrieved 6 April 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Are Ouija boards harmless ? '' . Catholic Answers . 1996 . Retrieved 25 October 2014 . Jump up ^ Ishizuka , Kathy ( 1 February 2002 ) . `` Harry Potter book burning draws fire '' . School Library Journal . New York . 48 ( 2 ) : 27 . Jump up ^ `` Book banning spans the globe '' . Houston Chronicle. 3 October 2002 . Jump up ^ LaRocca , Lauren ( 13 July 2007 ) . `` The Potter phenomenon '' . The Frederick News - Post . Jump up ^ Zyromski , Page McKean ( October 2006 ) . `` Facts for Teaching about Halloween '' . Catechist MAgazine . Jump up ^ Smith , Hortense ( 7 February 2010 ) . `` Pink Ouija Board Declared `` A Dangerous Spiritual Game , '' Possibly Destroying Our Children ( The Craft ) `` . Jezebel . Jump up ^ Dernbach , Katherine Boris ( Spring 2005 ) . `` Spirits of the Hereafter : Death , Funerary Possession , and the Afterlife in Chuuk , Micronesia '' . Ethnology . Pittsburgh . 44 ( 2 ) : 99 . doi : 10.2307 / 3773992 . JSTOR 3773992 . Jump up ^ `` Psych Theater '' . psychictheater.com . Jump up ^ Chesterton , G.K. ( 2006 ) . Autobiography . Ignatius Press . p. 77ff . ISBN 1586170716 . Jump up ^ `` Alice Cooper Biography '' . The Rock Radio . Jump up ^ Hunt , Stoker . Ouija : The Most Dangerous Game . Chapter 6 , pages 44 -- 50 . Jump up ^ Popham , Peter ( 2 December 2005 ) . `` The seance that came back to haunt Romano Prodi '' . The Independent . Retrieved 3 April 2010 . Jump up ^ `` The Bedlam in Goliath Offers Weird Ouija Tale of The Mars Volta '' . Alarm Magazine . 2007 . Jump up ^ Horton , Paula ( 15 March 2008 ) . `` Teen gets 41 years in Benton City slayings '' . McClatchy -- Tribune Business News . Jump up ^ Horton , Paula ( 26 January 2008 ) . `` Mom says son influenced by Satan on day of Benton City slayings '' . McClatchy -- Tribune Business News -- via Boxden . Jump up ^ Raphael , Matthew J. ( May 2002 ) . Bill W. and Mr. Wilson : The Legend and Life of A.A. 's Cofounder . Univ of Massachusetts Press . p. 159 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55849 - 360 - 5 . Retrieved 24 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Conradt , Stacy ( 21 October 2010 ) . `` The Quick 10 : 10 Famous Uses of the Ouija Board '' . Mental Floss . Jump up ^ Mills , Heather ( 25 October 1994 ) . `` Retrial order in ' Ouija case ' '' . The Independent . Retrieved 11 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Spencer , J.R. ( November 1995 ) . `` Seances , and the Secrecy of the Jury -- Room '' . The Cambridge Law Journal . 54 ( 3 ) : 519 -- 522 . doi : 10.1017 / S0008197300097282 . JSTOR 4508123 . Jump up ^ `` Jury deliberations may be studied '' . BBC News . 22 January 2005 . Retrieved 11 June 2012 . Jump up ^ `` ' Ouija board ' appeal dismissed '' . BBC News . 7 December 2004 . Retrieved 18 October 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Cornelious , J. Edward Aleister Crowley and the Ouija Board 2005 ISBN 978 - 1 - 932595 - 10 - 9 Jump up ^ Mini site J. Edward 's book , Aleister Crowley and the Ouija Board Jump up ^ `` Jones , Elias Henry '' . National Library of Wales Welsh Biography Online . Jump up ^ `` THE OUIJA EXPERIMENT '' . PHASE 4 FILMS . Phase 4 Films Inc. n.d . Retrieved 23 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Ouija Experiment ( 2014 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . References ( edit ) Cain , D. Lynn , `` OUIJA -- For the Record '' 2009 ISBN 978 - 0 - 557 - 15871 - 3 Carpenter , W.B. , `` On the Influence of Suggestion in Modifying and directing Muscular Movement , independently of Volition '' , Royal Institution of Great Britain , ( Proceedings ) , 1852 , ( 12 March 1852 ) , pp. 147 -- 153 . Cornelius , J. Edward , Aleister Crowley and the Ouija Board . Feral House , 2005 . ISBN 1 - 932595 - 10 - 4 Gruss , Edmond C. , The Ouija Board : A Doorway to the Occult 1994 ISBN 0 - 87552 - 247 - 5 Hunt , Stoker , Ouija : The Most Dangerous Game . 1992 ISBN 0 - 06 - 092350 - 4 Hill , Joe , Heart - Shaped Box Murch , R. , `` A Brief History of the Ouija Board '' , Fortean Times , No. 249 , ( June 2009 ) , pp. 32 -- 33 . Schneck , R.D. , `` Ouija Madness '' , Fortean Times , No. 249 , ( June 2009 ) , pp. 30 -- 37 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ouija . Information on talking boards Museum Of Talking Boards The Official Website of William Fuld and home of the Ouija board Skeptics Ouija board helps psychologists probe the subconscious from New Scientist The Skeptics ' Dictionary : Ouija An Encyclopedia of Claims , Frauds , and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural How does a Ouija board work ? from The Straight Dope Do Ouija Boards Work - The Fact and Fiction Trade marks and patents Trade - Mark Registration : `` Ouija '' ( Trademark no . 18,919 ; 3 February 1891 : Kennard Novelty Company ) `` Ouija or Egyptian Luck Board '' ( patent no. 446,054 ; 10 February 1891 : Elijah J. Bond -- assigned to Charles W. Kennard and William H.A. Maupin ) `` Talking - Board '' ( patent no. 462,819 ; 10 November 1891 : Charles W. Kennard ) `` Game Apparatus '' ( patent no . 479,266 : 19 July 1892 : William Fuld ) `` Game Apparatus '' ( patent no . 619,236 : 7 February 1899 : Justin F. Simonds ) `` Ouija or Talking Board '' ( patent no. 1,125,833 ; 19 January 1915 : William Fuld ) `` Design for the Movable Member of a Talking - Board '' ( patent no. D56 , 001 ; 10 August 1920 : William Fuld ) `` Design of Finger - Rest and Pointer for a Game '' ( patent no . D56 , 085 ; 10 August 1920 : John Vanderkamp -- assigned to Goldsmith Publishing Company ) `` Message Interpreting Device '' or `` Psychic Messenger '' ( patent no. 1,352,046 ; 7 September 1920 : Frederick H. Black ) `` Design for the Movable Member of a Talking - Board '' ( patent no. D56 , 001 ; 10 August 1920 : William Fuld ) `` Ouija Board '' ( patent no. D56 , 449 ; 26 October 1920 : Clifford H. McGlasson ) `` Psychic Game '' ( patent no. 1,370,249 ; 1 March 1921 : Theodore H. White ) `` Ouija Board '' ( patent no. 1,400,791 ; 20 December 1921 : Harry M. Bigelow ) `` Game Board '' ( patent no. 1,422,042 ; 4 July 1922 : John R. Donnelly ) `` ( Magnetic ) Toy '' ( patent no. 1,422,775 ; 11 July 1922 : Leon Martocci - Pisculli ) `` Psychic Instrument '' ( patent no. 1,476,158 ; 4 December 1923 : Grover C. Haffner ) `` Game '' ( patent no. 1,514,260 ; 4 November 1924 : Alfred A. Rees ) `` Amusement Device '' ( patent no. 1,870,677 ; 9 August 1932 : William A. Fuld ) `` Amusement Device '' ( patent no. 2,220,455 ; 5 November 1940 : John P. McCarthy ) `` Finger Pressure Actuated Message Interpreting Amusement Device '' ( patent no. 2,511,377 ; 13 June 1950 : Raymond S. Richmond ) `` Message Device With Freely Swingable Pointer '' ( patent no. 3,306,617 ; 28 February 1967 : Thomas W. Gillespie ) Other `` ' Ouija board ' appeal ( against second guilty verdict ) dismissed '' -- R. v. Young ( 1995 ) BBC video on Ouija Board Ouija at Curlie ( based on DMOZ ) Spiritualism and spiritism History and beliefs Apport Automatic writing Cross-correspondences Ectoplasm Materialization Mediumship Séance Spirit guides Spiritual healing Spirit obsession Spirit photography Spirit possession Spirit world Table - turning Theism Spiritualists Derek Acorah Rosemary Altea Charles Bailey Ada Besinnet Eddy Brothers Bangs Sisters Stephen E. Braude Rosemary Brown Sylvia Browne Eva Carrière Doris Collins Florence Cook Mina Crandon William Crookes Geraldine Cummins Pearl Curran Frank Decker Arthur Conan Doyle Helen Duncan Harry Edwards John Edward William Eglinton Colin Evans Fox sisters Leslie Flint Arthur Ford Colin Fry Eileen Garrett Kathleen Goligher Rita Goold Jan Guzyk Robert Hare Alec Harris Gordon Higginson Richard Hodgson Daniel Dunglas Home Elizabeth Hope William Hope Cecil Husk Swami Laura Horos James H. 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Bechhofer Roberts Chung Ling Soo Gordon Stein Amy Tanner Ivor Lloyd Tuckett Lyttelton Winslow Richard Wiseman Methods of divination Theriomancy Ailuromancy Alectryomancy Augury Myomancy Myrmomancy Ornithomancy Bibliomancy I Ching Rhapsodomancy Bible Homer Virgil Scrying Crystal gazing Oculomancy Catoptromancy Hydromancy Cleromancy Astragalomancy Belomancy Cartomancy Favomancy Fortune - telling Kumalak Merindinlogun Molybdomancy Obi divination Opele Opon Ifá Rhabdomancy Runic magic Tarotology Necromancy Necromancy Taghairm Somatomancy Bone divination Cephalomancy Chiromancy Omphalomancy Podomancy Rumpology Scapulimancy Other Apophenia Astrology Esotericism Ifá Technomancy Western esotericism Hasbro Intellectual properties currently managed by Hasbro Toys Action Man Baby Alive Blythe Easy - Bake Oven Furby G.I. 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Question: when did the ouija board first come out


The Glass Castle ( film ) - wikipedia The Glass Castle ( film ) Jump to : navigation , search The Glass Castle Theatrical release poster Directed by Destin Daniel Cretton Produced by Gil Netter Ken Kao Screenplay by Destin Daniel Cretton Andrew Lanham Marti Noxon Based on The Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls Starring Brie Larson Woody Harrelson Max Greenfield Sarah Snook Naomi Watts Music by Joel P. West Cinematography Brett Pawlak Edited by Nat Sanders Production company Gil Netter Productions Distributed by Lionsgate Release date August 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 09 ) ( Manhattan ) August 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 11 ) ( United States ) Running time 127 minutes Country United States Language English Box office $21.7 million The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton , Andrew Lanham , and Marti Noxon , based on Jeannette Walls 's 2005 memoir of the same name . Depicting Walls 's real - life childhood spent squatting in homes and living in poverty , the film stars Brie Larson as Walls with Naomi Watts , Woody Harrelson , Max Greenfield , and Sarah Snook in supporting roles . The film was released on August 11 , 2017 , by Lionsgate and received mixed reviews from critics , who praised the performances of its cast ( particularly Larson and Harrelson ) but criticized the mishandled tones and material . Contents ( hide ) 1 Cast 2 Production 3 Release 3.1 Box office 3.2 Critical response 4 References 5 External links Cast ( edit ) Brie Larson as Jeannette Walls , the second daughter of Rex and Rose Mary Walls and Lori , Maureen and Brian 's second sister Ella Anderson as Young Jeannette Walls Chandler Head as Youngest Jeannette Walls Woody Harrelson as Rex Walls , Jeannette , Lori , Brian and Maureen 's alcoholic father and Rose Mary 's husband Sarah Snook as Lori Walls , the oldest daughter of Rex and Rose Mary Walls and Jeanette , Maureen and Brian 's older sister Olivia Kate Rice as Youngest Lori Walls Sadie Sink as Young Lori Walls Naomi Watts as Rose Mary Walls , Jeannette , Lori , Brian and Maureen 's eccentric mother and Rex 's wife Josh Caras as Brian Walls , the son of Rex and Rose Mary Walls and Jeanette , Lori and Maureen 's brother Iain Armitage as Youngest Brian Walls Charlie Shotwell as Young Brian Walls Brigette Lundy - Paine as Maureen Walls , the youngest daughter of Rex and Rose Mary Walls and Jeanette , Lori and Brian 's younger sister Charlie and Noemie Guyon as Baby Maureen Walls Eden Grace Redfield as three - year - old Maureen Walls Shree Crooks as Young Maureen Walls Max Greenfield as David , Jeanette 's fiancé . Dominic Bogart as Robbie Joe Pingue as Uncle Stanley Production ( edit ) In April 2012 , it was revealed that Lionsgate acquired the rights to the book and Jennifer Lawrence was in talks to star in the film . In October 2013 , it was revealed that Destin Daniel Cretton was in talks to direct the film and re-write the screenplay with Andrew Lanham from a previous draft by Marti Noxon . In October 2015 , Brie Larson joined the cast of the film , replacing Lawrence who exited the film after a male lead could n't be found . In November 2015 , Woody Harrelson joined the cast of the film . In March 2016 , Naomi Watts joined the cast . In April 2016 , Max Greenfield and Sarah Snook joined the cast . In May 2016 , Ella Anderson joined the cast . Principal photography began on May 20 , 2016 , in Welch , West Virginia . Release ( edit ) The Glass Castle was released on August 11 , 2017 , by Lionsgate . Box office ( edit ) The Glass Castle grossed $17.3 million in the United States and Canada and $3.9 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $21.2 million . In North America , The Glass Castle was released alongside The Nut Job 2 : Nutty by Nature and Annabelle : Creation , and was projected to gross around $5 million from 1,461 theaters in its opening weekend . The film made $1.7 million on its first day and $4.7 million over the weekend , finishing 9th at the box office . The film made $2.6 million in its second weekend ( a drop of 45.5 % ) , finishing 12th . Critical response ( edit ) On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 50 % based on 104 reviews , and an average rating of 6.1 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` The Glass Castle has an affecting real - life story and a hard - working cast in its corner , but they are n't enough to outweigh a fundamentally misguided approach to the material . '' On Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating to reviews , the film has a weighted average score 56 out of 100 , based on 39 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A − '' on an A+ to F scale . Writing for Rolling Stone , Peter Travers said the film `` peddles easy uplift instead of cold , hard truths '' and gave it two stars out of four , saying , `` Hollywood has a knack for sanitizing books that deserve better . In the case of The Glass Castle , it 's a damn shame . '' Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun - Times also gave the film two out of four stars and was equally as critical for how the material was presented , writing : `` ... a film that presents overwhelming evidence of Rex and Rose Mary as appalling human beings for 90 percent of the journey , and then asks us to give them a break ? No sale . '' References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` The Glass Castle '' . AMC Theatres . Retrieved July 26 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Glass Castle ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved December 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Jeff Giles ( August 10 , 2017 ) . `` Annabelle : Creation is a Potent Prequel '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Finke , Nikki ( April 23 , 2012 ) . `` Jennifer Lawrence In Talks To Star After Lionsgate Buys Rights To Jeannette Walls Memoir '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( October 9 , 2013 ) . `` ' Short Term 12 ' Director Circles ' Glass Castle ' Starring Jennifer Lawrence ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( October 9 , 2015 ) . `` Brie Larson Eyed for Lead in Lionsgate 's ' Glass Castle ' '' . Variety . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Busch , Anita ( November 5 , 2015 ) . `` Woody Harrelson In Talks For ' The Glass Castle ' Opposite Brie Larson '' . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( March 29 , 2016 ) . `` Naomi Watts Joins Brie Larson in ' Glass Castle ' '' . Variety . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( April 20 , 2016 ) . `` Max Greenfield in Talks to Star With Brie Larson in ' Glass Castle ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ A. Lincoln , Ross ( April 28 , 2016 ) . `` Sarah Snook In Talks For Lionsgate 's ' The Glass Castle ' Opposite Brie Larson '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Larson , Brie ( May 5 , 2016 ) . `` So happy that this deeply intelligent , ridiculously talented and totally inspiring creature @ ellaanderson4u is joining us as young Jeannette in The Glass Castle . We had the best time at color me mine . # tbt '' . Instagram . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Be in a movie : ' The Glass Castle ' filming today in Welch '' . Bluefield Daily Telograph . May 20 , 2016 . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Perry , Samantha ( May 20 , 2016 ) . `` ' The Glass Castle ' : Academy Award winning actress films scene in McDowell County '' . Bluefield Daily Telograph . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( May 4 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Glass Castle ' : Brie Larson , Woody Harrelson and Naomi Watts Drama Gets Summer Bow '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved May 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ' Annabelle : Creation ' Will Be This Summer 's Last Scream At The B.O. With Estimated $30 M+ Opening -- Preview '' . Deadline.com . August 9 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : D'Allesandro , Anthony . `` New Line 's Dollhouse Of Dough : ' Annabelle : Creation ' Opening To $36 M + '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved August 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ D'Allesandro , Anthony . `` ' Hitman 's Bodyguard ' Flexes Muscle With $21 M+ Opening During Sleepy Summer Weekend '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved August 20 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Glass Castle ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Glass Castle reviews '' . Metacritic . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Travers , Peter ( August 10 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Glass Castle ' Review : Legendary Memoir Gets the Mediocre - Movie Treatment '' . Rolling Stone . Retrieved August 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Roeper , Richard ( August 10 , 2017 ) . `` Attempt to redeem reprehensible dad cracks ' The Glass Castle ' '' . Chicago Sun - Times . External links ( edit ) The Glass Castle on IMDb Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Glass_Castle_(film)&oldid=822343638 '' Categories : 2017 films English - language films American films American drama films Films about journalists Films about writers Films based on American novels Biographical films about journalists Biographical films about writers American biographical films Drama films based on actual events 2010s biographical films Lions Gate Entertainment films Films shot in West Virginia Films based on non-fiction books 2010s drama films Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Français 한국어 Italiano עברית Nederlands 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 25 January 2018 , at 20 : 52 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . 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Question: where was the movie the glass castle filmed


Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas - wikipedia Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas Jump to : navigation , search Oakland -- Alameda Coliseum before a football game . The Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas was a successful effort by the owner of the Oakland Raiders ( Mark Davis ) to relocate the American football club from its current and longtime home of Oakland , California to Las Vegas , Nevada . The team is scheduled to begin play as the Las Vegas Raiders for the 2020 National Football League ( NFL ) season ( although a move to Las Vegas could happen as soon as 2019 with Sam Boyd Stadium ) , playing home games at the Las Vegas Stadium . NFL team owners voted 31 -- 1 to approve the move , which was announced at the annual league meetings in Phoenix , Arizona on March 27 , 2017 . The Raiders became the third NFL franchise to relocate in the 2010s , following the Rams ' move from St. Louis , Missouri to Los Angeles , California on January 12 , 2016 , and the Chargers ' move from San Diego , California to Los Angeles on January 12 , 2017 . The Raiders ' move to Las Vegas comes after years of failed efforts to renovate or replace the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum , which has been rated by multiple sources as one of the worst stadiums in the NFL . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 The hunt for a home 2.1 2011 : Levi 's Stadium 2.2 2012 − 2013 : Coliseum City 2.3 2013 : Concord , California 2.4 2014 : San Antonio , Texas 2.5 2015 : Raiders attempt to put together a project with Athletics 2.6 2015 : Los Angeles project and losing to the Rams 3 2016 − 2017 : Negotiations to move to Las Vegas and last Oakland stadium effort 3.1 2016 3.2 2017 4 Relocation to Las Vegas 5 Popular culture 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Background ( edit ) The Oakland Raiders were founded as a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) in 1960 . The team joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970 . From 1966 until 1981 , it played home games at the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum , which it shared with Major League Baseball 's Oakland Athletics after that team moved to Oakland in 1968 . In 1980 Al Davis , dissatisfied with the stadium situation in Oakland and seeing luxury boxes as the future of the NFL came to an agreement with the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum commission to move the Raiders to Los Angeles . The NFL had refused to let the team move , but a court over-ruled the league , clearing the way for the Raiders to move to Los Angeles and become the Los Angeles Raiders . In 1982 , the Raiders ( then owned by Al Davis ) were approved to relocate from Oakland to Los Angeles . The Raiders played home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 1982 -- 1994 . In 1995 , after being unable to secure a new stadium in the Los Angeles area the Raiders moved back to Oakland . Meanwhile , Las Vegas had been home to a number of other professional football franchises between 1994 and the Raiders ' arrival , none of which were particularly successful . The Las Vegas Posse , part of the Canadian Football League 's effort to enter the U.S. market , lasted one season in 1994 and suffered from poor on - field product and worse attendance figures . The XFL included the Las Vegas Outlaws in its lone 2001 season ; its attendance and on - field performance were respectable , and the team embraced the city 's culture , but the Outlaws ' modest success was overshadowed by the failure of the XFL . The Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League were a major on - field success and were one of the UFL 's best teams ; it nonetheless suffered from poor attendance to start that continued to decline throughout the league 's existence to the point that its last home game drew only 600 fans . The Arena Football League included three teams in Las Vegas over the course of its history : the Las Vegas Sting ( 1994 and 1995 ) , Las Vegas Gladiators ( 2003 to 2007 , now the Cleveland Gladiators ) , and another Las Vegas Outlaws ( 2015 ) . The Las Vegas Sin of the Lingerie Football League ( now the Legends Football League ) played in the city from 2011 to 2014 . The hunt for a home ( edit ) Raiders owner Mark Davis Recent efforts to either renovate or replace the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum with a new football stadium in Oakland or elsewhere date back to November 18 , 2009 . In 2011 , Al Davis died and control of the team was assumed by his son Mark Davis who made finding a solution to the 3 decade long stadium problem a top priority . The Raiders were free to move after the 2013 NFL season , when its lease on the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum expired . While exploring possible solutions in the Bay Area and potential relocation candidates , the Raiders signed one - year extensions of its lease on the Coliseum . 2011 : Levi 's stadium ( edit ) There had been discussions for the Raiders to share Levi 's Stadium in Santa Clara , California with the San Francisco 49ers . However , the 49ers went ahead without the Raiders and broke ground on the $1.2 billion stadium on April 19 , 2012 and afterwards sold $670 million worth of seats including 70 % of club and luxury suites , making it more unlikely that the Raiders would continue to explore the idea of sharing the stadium as they would then be secondary tenants with little to no commercial rights over the highly lucrative luxury suites . Mark Davis further increased the unlikelihood of the Raiders and the 49ers to share Levi 's stadium when he told NFL Network reporter Ian Rapoport that he had no plans to share the stadium but that he did recognize the Raiders ' need for a new home and that he hoped the new home would be in Oakland . When Levi 's Stadium had its grand opening on July 17 , 2014 , NFL commissioner Roger Goodell mentioned to the live crowd that it would make a great home for the Raiders and that it was up for the team to decide whether or not it wanted to play there or build a stadium on the site of the Oakland Coliseum . 2012 − 2013 : Coliseum city ( edit ) On March 7 , 2012 , then - mayor Jean Quan unveiled an ambitious project to the media that was designed to improve the sports facilities of all three major league sports teams in the city ( the Raiders , Major League Baseball ( MLB ) 's Athletics and the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's Golden State Warriors ) , as well as attract new businesses to the city . The project , dubbed Coliseum City , had entailed the redevelopment of the existing Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum complex . The redevelopment would have seen the construction of two new stadiums on the present location , a baseball - only stadium and a football - only stadium , while Oracle Arena , home of the Warriors , would have been either rebuilt or undergone extensive renovations . A sum of $3.5 million was committed to preliminary planning on the project . However , no officials from either of Oakland 's major league teams were present at the media conference . According to the San Francisco Business Times , Oakland 's assistant city administrator Fred Blackwell said the Bay Investment Group LLC , an entity being formed by Colony Capital LLC , Rashid Al Malik ( chairman and CEO of HayaH Holdings ) , and the city , had numerous details to continue working out for the prospective $2 billion Coliseum City project , which covered 800 acres surrounding the Oakland -- Alameda Coliseum Complex . The development team also included JRDV Urban International , HKS Architects , and Forest City Real Estate Services . In an ideal situation , construction could have started by the end of 2014 . Meanwhile , the Warriors began to go forward with plans to build a new arena at Mission Bay , not far from AT&T Park , and move back across the Bay Area from Oakland to San Francisco as soon as 2019 . 2013 : Concord , California ( edit ) The abandoned Concord Naval Weapons Station , 26.6 miles from Oakland , was announced in 2013 as a possible location for a new stadium but developments failed to materialize . 2014 : San Antonio , Texas ( edit ) In July 2014 , San Antonio , Texas , emerged as a potential relocation candidate for the team , after Raiders owner Mark Davis visited an event hosted for former Raiders wide receiver Cliff Branch in the city . San Antonio , while it was in a smaller media market than the San Francisco Bay Area , had the advantage of having a relatively new and NFL - ready stadium in the Alamodome and less sporting competition . On July 29 , 2014 , it was reported by the San Antonio Express - News that Mark Davis met with officials from the city of San Antonio to discuss the possibility of relocating the Raiders to San Antonio after the 2014 -- 15 NFL season . Davis confirmed that he did speak with San Antonio city officials while visiting San Antonio to honor former Raiders wide receiver Cliff Branch 's induction into a local Hall of Fame , but did not comment on whether he was considering relocation to San Antonio . The Raiders would have played at the 65,000 - seat Alamodome until a new stadium could be built . San Antonio remained in contention as a site through at least November 2014 , when Raiders staffers scouted the stadium and began negotiating with San Antonio officials . 2015 : Raiders attempt to put together a project with Athletics ( edit ) It was reported in early 2015 that the Raiders sat down with Athletics owner Lewis Wolff in an effort to create a stadium solution where two separate stadiums ( one for the Raiders and one for the Athletics ) would have been built on the coliseum site . The Athletics balked at the deal . In an interview with J.T. the Brick on KGMZ on April 4 , 2017 , Davis revealed that he offered Wolff ( the owner of the Athletics ) 20 percent of the Raiders in an attempt to get a deal done . Davis further elaborated that the closest that the Raiders came to a deal in Oakland was in 2013 with Colony Capital , before the Athletics agreed to a 10 - year lease extension at the Coliseum with the city of Oakland . 2015 : Los Angeles project and losing to the Rams ( edit ) Main articles : National Football League in Los Angeles , Carson Stadium , Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park , and History of the Los Angeles Raiders § Attempted return to Los Angeles On February 19 , 2015 , the Raiders and the then San Diego Chargers announced that they would build a privately financed $1.78 billion stadium in Carson , California if they were to move back to the Los Angeles market . Both teams stated that they would continue to attempt to get stadiums built in their respective cities . The Carson City Council would bypass the public vote and approved the plan 3 -- 0 . The council voted without having clarified several issues , including who would finance the stadium , how the required three - way land swap would be performed , and how it would raise enough revenue if only one team moved in as tenant . On January 12 , the NFL rejected the Raiders ' relocation request in favor of a competing plan by Stan Kroenke to move the then St. Louis Rams back to Los Angeles and construct a stadium and entertainment district in Inglewood , California . However , the NFL left open the possibility of the Raiders relocating to Los Angeles by 2019 and playing in the new stadium under construction to house the Los Angeles Rams . The San Diego Chargers however had the first option to join the Rams at the new stadium , the Raiders would have been authorized to negotiate an agreement if the Chargers did not exercise their option by January 2017 . The Chargers exercised their choice and announced their relocation to Los Angeles in January 2017 , shutting the Raiders out of the Southern California market . Around this time other markets expressed interest in luring the Raiders . For example Duluth , Minnesota submitted a proposal to construct a new stadium for the team , a proposal that was not taken seriously because of the metro area 's small size , proximity to the Minnesota Vikings and unwillingness to commit money to the stadium proposal . Less than a month after the Chargers announced their move to Los Angeles , Las Vegas had emerged as the most likely destination candidate for the Raiders . 2016 − 2017 : negotiations to move to Las Vegas and last Oakland stadium effort ( edit ) Main article : Las Vegas Stadium 2015 view of the Las Vegas Stadium site , adjacent to Mandalay Bay and Interstate 15 2016 ( edit ) On January 29 , 2016 , Davis met with Las Vegas Sands owner Sheldon Adelson about possibly relocating to a $2.3 billion , 65,000 capacity domed stadium in Las Vegas , Nevada . During Davis ' meeting with Adelson , he also visited the University of Nevada , Las Vegas ( UNLV ) , which included a contingent consisting of the university 's president Len Jessup , former university president Donald Snyder , Steve Wynn , and former Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) owner Lorenzo Fertitta . The proposed stadium would replace Sam Boyd Stadium and would serve as the home of both the Raiders and the UNLV Rebels college football program . A relocation to Las Vegas would be a long - term proposal , as Sam Boyd Stadium is undersized for the NFL and there are no other professional - caliber stadiums in Nevada . Raiders officials were also in Las Vegas to tour locations in the valley for a potential new home ; they were also on the 42 - acre site of the proposed stadium to ask questions about the site . Interviewed by sports columnist Tim Kawakami of the San Jose Mercury News , Davis said that he had a `` great '' visit in the city he described it as interesting . Davis also said that Las Vegas was a global city and that `` it 's absolutely an NFL city , '' as well as saying that `` the Raider brand would do well '' and `` I think Las Vegas is coming along slowly . '' On March 21 , 2016 , when asked about Las Vegas , Davis said , `` I think the Raiders like the Las Vegas plan , '' and `` it 's a very very very intriguing and exciting plan , '' referring to the stadium plan in Las Vegas . Davis also met with Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval about the stadium plan . On April 1 , 2016 , Davis toured Sam Boyd Stadium to evaluate whether UNLV could serve as a temporary home of the team and was with UNLV football coach Tony Sanchez , athletic director Tina Kunzer - Murphy , adviser Don Snyder and school president Len Jessup to further explore the possibility of the Raiders moving to Las Vegas . On April 28 , 2016 , Davis said he wanted to move the Raiders to Las Vegas and pledged $500 million toward the construction of a proposed $2.4 billion domed stadium . `` Together we can turn the Silver State into the silver and black state , '' Davis said . At a media conference in UNLV 's Stan Fulton Building , Davis also said the club had `` made a commitment to Las Vegas at this point in time and that 's where it stands . '' In an interview with ESPN after returning from a meeting for the 2016 NFL draft he expanded upon reasons why Southern Nevada held a certain appeal over the East Bay of the Oakland -- San Francisco Bay Area , how he tried to make it work in Oakland and why ( as he told Sandoval ) he hopes to turn Nevada into the `` Silver and Black State '' ; he also spoke of the meeting saying , `` It was a positive , well - organized presentation that I believe was well - received '' , and stating , `` It was a very positive step in finding the Raiders a home . '' On May 20 , 2016 , New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft said he would support Davis and the Raiders move to Las Vegas , stating , `` I think it would be good for the NFL . '' On May 23 , 2016 , the San Francisco Chronicle and other media outlets reported that a group led by former San Francisco 49ers safety ( and Pro Football Hall of Fame member ) Ronnie Lott and retired quarterback Rodney Peete were looking into building a new Oakland stadium for the Raiders . The group met with team executives and Oakland city officials to brief them on their proposal . They also met with mayor Libby Schaaf . The Alameda County Board of Supervisors voted to begin negotiations with Lott 's group and with the city of Oakland regarding the `` price and terms of sale '' for the 120 - acre land of the Oakland Coliseum and Oracle Arena . Davis publicly reiterated his commitment to his announced plans to relocate the Raiders franchise to Las Vegas , Nevada with the support of the state of Nevada and casino mogul Sheldon Adelson , and said he did not wish to negotiate further with Oakland while the Las Vegas deal was still actively in progress ; any relocation to Las Vegas needed to be approved by a three - quarters majority of all NFL owners , and NFL commissioner Roger Goodell publicly stated his preference for keeping the Raiders franchise in Oakland if at all possible . However , it was reported that the NFL had issues with the Lott Group 's financier Fortress Investment Group due to past issues the group had . On August 11 , 2016 , Raiders ' officials met with Northern Nevada officials about the possibility of Reno being the site of a new training camp / practice facility and toured several sites including the University of Nevada , Reno , Reno area high schools , and sports complexes . On August 25 , 2016 , the Raiders filed a trademark application for `` Las Vegas Raiders '' on the same day renderings of a new stadium ( located west of Interstate 15 at Las Vegas ) were released to the public . On September 15 , 2016 , the Southern Nevada Tourism Infrastructure Committee unanimously voted to recommend and approve $750 million for the Las Vegas stadium plan . On October 11 , 2016 , the Nevada Senate voted 16 -- 5 to approve the funding bill for the Las Vegas stadium proposal . The Nevada Assembly voted 28 -- 13 three days later to approve the bill to fund the new Las Vegas stadium proposal ; two days later , Sandoval signed the funding bill into law . Davis told ESPN on October 15 , 2016 that even if the Raiders were approved by the league to relocate to the Las Vegas metropolitan area , the club would play the next two seasons at the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum in 2017 and 2018 , stating `` We want to bring a Super Bowl championship back to the Bay Area . '' The team would then play at a temporary facility in 2019 after its lease at the Coliseum expires . Davis has also indicated a desire to play at least one preseason game in Las Vegas , at Sam Boyd Stadium , as early as the 2017 season . ( The Raiders ' 2017 schedule has both preseason games in Oakland . ) On October 17 , 2016 , Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval signed into law Senate Bill 1 and Assembly Bill 1 which approved a hotel room rate tax increase to accommodate $750 million in public funding for the new stadium . On November 12 , 2016 , a report from the NFL 's own in - house media team outlined how Las Vegas might not be a done deal . The report stated that the majority of owners favored the Raiders staying in Oakland due to market size and stability . The vast majority of the NFL 's revenue comes from TV contracts . So because of that , it made little sense for the other 31 NFL owners to vote in favor of one of their partners abandoning the 6th biggest media market for the 42nd . On November 30 , 2016 , a framework deal to keep the Raiders in Oakland was announced . In addition to the public land , the city of Oakland would commit $200 million to improve the infrastructure of the surrounding area . The Raiders would contribute $500 million to the stadium , while Lott 's group would contribute $400 million ; the NFL already committed $300 million when it rejected the Raiders ' bid to return to Los Angeles in 2015 . Ronnie Lott had no financial or ownership stake in the Raiders ; some sources indicated that Lott was also asking for an ownership stake ( reportedly around 20 percent ) in the Raiders franchise as part of the deal , a condition that was unacceptable to Raiders owner Mark Davis . The Oakland proposal was officially announced in December 2016 , and called for a $1.3 billion , football - only stadium built on the existing Coliseum site . It included mixed use development for possible office or retail space , hotel or residential living and parking , as well as 15 acres set aside for a new baseball - only facility for the Oakland Athletics if the A 's so desired . The site also could have been expanded to include the land Oracle Arena sits on , with the Warriors cleared to move to their new San Francisco arena by the 2019 season . The Ronnie Lott proposal was voted on by the Oakland city and Alameda County elected officials on December 13 , 2016 and approved by Oakland in a 7 -- 0 vote and by Alameda County in a 3 -- 1 vote . 2017 ( edit ) The Raiders officially filed paperwork to relocate from Oakland , California , to Las Vegas , Nevada , on January 19 , 2017 . The Raiders needed 24 of the 32 NFL club owners to vote to officially approve the move to Las Vegas . On January 30 , 2017 , it was announced that Adelson had dropped out of the stadium project , also withdrawing the Las Vegas Sands ' proposed $650 million contribution from the project . Instead , the Raiders would increase their contribution from $500 million to $1.15 billion . One day after Adelson 's announcement , Goldman Sachs ( the company behind the financing to the proposed Las Vegas stadium ) announced its intent to withdraw from the project . On January 31 , 2017 , in the aftermath of Adelson and Goldman Sachs ' withdrawal from the Las Vegas deal , the San Diego Union - Tribune reported that Mayor Kevin Faulconer reached out to an NFL official to let them know they were eager to engage ; a city official also spoke to a Raiders official on the phone . The Union - Tribune noted that any possible Raiders relocation to San Diego or bringing a team to the city would have been aided by a proposal for a soccer - specific stadium and mixed development . NFL commissioner Roger Goodell reiterated , during his State of the NFL address , that San Diego would need a new stadium in order to be a relocation possibility . Another roadblock for a Raiders relocation to the city would have been the owners of the current Los Angeles teams . Stan Kroenke and Dean Spanos would block any team from sharing Southern California , especially if that team is the Raiders ( given the team 's continued popularity in the region ) . San Diego , as an option for the Raiders , was remote . San Diego was previously home to the San Diego Chargers from 1961 until 2016 ( when the team relocated to the Greater Los Angeles Area ) ; a Raiders move there would have been ironic given that the team 's primary rival the Chargers were based in that city . On February 16 , 2017 , the San Diego Union - Tribune obtained a letter from Doug Manchester that stated he had `` assembled a powerful group of associates '' who would develop a 70,000 - seat stadium on the land of Qualcomm Stadium ; the letter also stated the project would provide `` a viable alternative '' to the Raiders in case Las Vegas fell through ; the group also stated that they were `` open to working with the Chargers , Raiders , other NFL owners , or a new ownership group '' ; it also stated an NFL franchise could participate as a partner or tenant : `` Our group will provide the funds previously allocated to be provided by the City of San Diego and guarantee the stadium 's expeditious construction . Accordingly it will not require voter approval . '' It also said they would provide `` new state of the art scoreboards and upgrade Qualcomm Stadium while the new stadium is being constructed '' . On March 1 , 2017 , Fortress Investment Group submitted a tweaked version of the Oakland stadium plan to the NFL . Relocation to Las Vegas ( edit ) On March 6 , 2017 , the Raiders revealed that Bank of America would be replacing Sheldon Adelson 's portion of the funding for the new stadium in Las Vegas . On March 27 , 2017 , the National Football League officially approved the Raiders move from Oakland to Las Vegas in a 31 -- 1 vote , ensuring them a new stadium in the process . However , even though the Raiders were approved to move to Las Vegas , the club will still play the 2017 and 2018 NFL seasons at the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum and still be known as the Oakland Raiders so as long as they play in the San Francisco Bay Area . About one thousand season ticket holders asked for and received refunds after the move to Las Vegas was announced . Their tickets were sold to other fans within hours , and the Raiders ' 53,250 season tickets were all sold out by late May . The league levied a $350 million relocation fee on the Raiders , which will be paid in ten annual installments beginning in 2019 . This figure is slightly more than half of the $650 million fee that the Rams and Chargers each paid to relocate to Los Angeles . Popular culture ( edit ) In season 3 of the HBO television series Ballers , which was produced in 2016 and aired in 2017 , Spencer Strasmore ( Dwayne Johnson ) leads an effort to relocate the Raiders to Las Vegas . See also ( edit ) Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis Cleveland Browns relocation controversy National Football League franchise moves and mergers Relocation of professional sports teams National Football League controversies References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Rosenthal , Gregg ( March 27 , 2017 ) . `` NFL team owners approve Raiders ' move to Las Vegas '' . National Football League . Retrieved March 27 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Raiders Media Relations ( March 27 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders Receive NFL Approval For Las Vegas Relocation '' . Oakland Raiders . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Hanzus , Dan ( January 12 , 2016 ) . `` Rams to relocate to L.A. ; Chargers first option to join '' . NFL.com . National Football League . Retrieved January 18 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Chargers announce decision to relocate to Los Angeles '' . National Football League . January 12 , 2017 . Retrieved January 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Chase , Chris ( October 16 , 2015 ) . `` Ranking the best and worst NFL stadiums , from No. 1 ( Lambeau ) to 31 ( Soldier ) '' . USA Today . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ranking the NFL 's Best and Worst Stadiums '' . Athlon Sports . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Puma , Mike ( December 1 , 2003 ) . `` Good guys wear black '' . ESPN Classic . Retrieved January 30 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Smith , Timothy W. ( June 24 , 1995 ) . `` PRO FOOTBALL ; Raiders Run a Reverse Play Back to Oakland '' . The New York Times . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kantowski , Ron ( December 2 , 2009 ) . `` Grey Cup stirs memories of Posse '' . Las Vegas Sun . Retrieved December 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Kantowski , Ron ( January 28 , 2017 ) . `` New ESPN film examines XFL 's short life , legacy '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Retrieved May 1 , 2017 . I spent a lot of time in Las Vegas a couple of years ago , '' said Charlie Ebersol , son of Dick Ebersol , the NBC Sports executive who co-founded the XFL with pro wrestling mastermind Vince McMahon . `` I think it spoke to the ethos of what that city is about . Jump up ^ Dewey , Todd ( October 4 , 2012 ) . `` Sparse crowd sees Las Vegas Locos roll over Omaha '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Retrieved October 5 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Around the NFL staff ( March 27 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders relocation to Las Vegas : Timeline of events '' . National Football League . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Kukura , Joe . `` NFL May Bribe Raiders , 49ers Into Shotgun Wedding '' . Nbcbayarea.com . Retrieved 2013 - 08 - 18 . Cite error : Invalid < ref > tag ; name `` Raiders '' defined multiple times with different content ( see the help page ) . Jump up ^ Taylor Price ( April 19 , 2012 ) . `` 49ers break ground on Santa Clara stadium '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved November 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Mike Florio ( September 10 , 2012 ) . `` Niners strike gold with new stadium '' . profootballtalk.nbcsports.com . Retrieved November 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ NFL.com ( October 16 , 2012 ) . `` Oakland Raiders have no plans to share stadium with 49ers '' . NFL.com . Retrieved November 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Goodell : Levi 's might fit Raiders ESPN.com ( 07 / 18 / 2014 ) Jump up ^ Torres , Bianca ( October 3 , 2013 ) . `` Oakland 's Coliseum City project could cost $2 billion '' . San Francisco Business Times . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Raiders owner scouts Concord site for new stadium '' . SF Gate . October 7 , 2013 . Retrieved 2014 - 10 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Raiders owner confirms talks with San Antonio '' . Associated Press ( AP ) . 2014 - 07 - 30 . Archived from the original on August 12 , 2014 . Retrieved 2014 - 07 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Mark Davis , San Antonio group meet '' . ESPN . Associated Press . Retrieved November 8 , 2014 . Jump up ^ @ DailyNewsVinny ( March 30 , 2017 ) . `` 2 . To propose a joint development project on Coliseum land that would have built new stadiums for both teams . But A 's declined '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ J.T. the Brick ( April 4 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders owner Mark Davis breaks down relocation brick by brick with JT `` the Brick '' `` . KGMZ . Retrieved April 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Williams , Eric D. ( February 20 , 2015 ) . `` Chargers , Raiders reveal L.A. plan '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved February 21 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Rapoport , Ian ( February 20 , 2015 ) . `` Chargers , Raiders team up for stadium proposal in Los Angeles '' . NFL.com . Retrieved February 20 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Jablon , Robert ( April 22 , 2015 ) . `` City Council approves plan for NFL stadium near Los Angeles '' . Associated Press . Archived from the original on April 23 , 2015 . Retrieved 2015 - 04 - 22 . Jump up ^ Logan , Tim ; Nathan Fenno ( April 21 , 2015 ) . `` Carson City Council may be set to approve NFL stadium , sight unseen '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2015 - 04 - 22 . Jump up ^ `` Source : Chargers think L.A. proposal has doable components '' . ESPN . Retrieved 15 January 2016 . Jump up ^ `` An NFL team in Duluth - Superior ? Proctor is going long '' . Twin Cities Pioneer Press . May 17 , 2015 . Retrieved October 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Las Vegas Sands wants stadium for UNLV , possibly Raiders '' . Sports Illustrated . Associated Press . January 28 , 2016 . Retrieved March 13 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Raiders owner willing to give $20 M toward Las Vegas stadium '' . National Football League . Associated Press . April 28 , 2016 . Retrieved April 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Gutierrez , Paul ( April 28 , 2016 ) . `` Raiders owner Mark Davis says he wants to move team to Las Vegas '' . ESPN.com . ESPN . Retrieved April 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Oakland Raiders owner willing to spend $500 million to move team to Vegas '' . Fox News . Associated Press . April 28 , 2016 . Retrieved April 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Knoblauch , Austin ( May 20 , 2016 ) . `` Robert Kraft would support Raiders move to Las Vegas '' . National Football League . Retrieved June 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Matier & Ross ( May 23 , 2016 ) . `` Ronnie Lott wants to help build a Raiders stadium in Oakland '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pelissero , Tom ( October 19 , 2016 ) . `` Raiders owner Mark Davis rails against Oakland ' disrespect , ' has sole focus on Las Vegas '' . USA Today . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Breech , John ( October 19 , 2016 ) . `` Goodell wants Raiders in Oakland , while Davis wants game in Vegas in 2017 '' . CBS Sports . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Richardson , Seth ( August 11 , 2016 ) . `` Raiders relocation could include Reno training camp '' . Reno Gazette - Journal . Retrieved September 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Perez , A.J. ( August 25 , 2016 ) . `` Oakland Raiders file to trademark ' Las Vegas Raiders ' name '' . USA Today . Retrieved August 25 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Stadium plan to lure Raiders to Las Vegas passes vote '' . National Football League . Associated Press . September 15 , 2016 . Retrieved September 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Chereb , Sandra ; Whaley , Sean ( October 11 , 2016 ) . `` Raiders stadium project for Las Vegas clears Nevada Senate in 16 -- 5 vote '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Retrieved October 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Las Vegas stadium plan gains approval from Nevada Legislature '' . National Football League . Associated Press . October 14 , 2016 . Retrieved October 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Gutierrez , Paul ( October 15 , 2016 ) . `` Mark Davis : Raiders ' Oakland plan unchanged even if Las Vegas deal OK 'd '' . ESPN . Retrieved October 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Nevada governor signs bill to approve Las Vegas stadium plan '' . National Football League . Associated Press . October 17 , 2016 . Retrieved October 19 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Spousta , Tom ( October 17 , 2016 ) . `` Gov. Brian Sandoval signs Raiders stadium bill -- VIDEO '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Retrieved October 19 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Boilard , Kevin ( November 12 , 2016 ) . `` Report : NFL against Las Vegas , wants to keep Raiders in Oakland '' . CBS Sports . Retrieved November 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Matier & Ross ( November 30 , 2016 ) . `` Outline emerges of Oakland stadium deal to keep Raiders '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Oakland , Ronnie Lott Group Unveil Stadium Plan To Keep Raiders '' . KPIX - TV . Associated Press . December 9 , 2016 . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Vergara , Andre . `` Oakland reveals stadium proposal to keep Raiders '' . Fox Sports . Retrieved December 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Ryan ( December 14 , 2016 ) . `` Oakland , Alameda County approve stadium deal to try to keep Raiders '' . CBS Sports . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Will the Raiders stay in Oakland ? Negotiations on $1.3 - billion stadium OK 'd '' . Los Angeles Times . Associated Press . December 13 , 2016 . Retrieved March 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Oakland Raiders file Las Vegas relocation paperwork '' . National Football League . January 19 , 2017 . Retrieved January 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Raiders file paperwork for Las Vegas relocation '' . USA Today . Retrieved January 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Adelson no longer involved in Raiders ' Las Vegas stadium plan '' . National Football League . January 30 , 2017 . Retrieved January 31 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Sources : Financial giant Goldman Sachs backs out of Raiders ' stadium deal '' . ESPN . January 31 , 2017 . Retrieved February 1 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Raiders secure financing for potential Las Vegas stadium '' . National Football League . March 7 , 2017 . Retrieved March 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Jon Mark Saraceno ( March 6 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders ' Las Vegas stadium gets boost from Bank of America '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Retrieved March 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Smith , Michael David ( May 23 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders ' move led about 1,000 fans to seek ticket refunds '' . Profootballtalk.com . Retrieved June 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Leuty , Ron ( May 24 , 2017 ) . `` Raiders ' move led about 1,000 fans to seek ticket refunds '' . San Francisco Business Times . Retrieved June 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Skurski , Jay ( July 13 , 2017 ) . `` Bills ' piece of national NFL revenue pie revealed to be a whopping $244 million '' . The Buffalo News . Retrieved July 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Dodson , Aaron ( August 7 , 2017 ) . `` ' Ballers ' recap : Meet Candace Brewer , the brilliant woman between Spencer and Las Vegas '' . The Undefeated . Retrieved August 13 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Sin City Or Bust -- A profile on how Mark Davis moved the Raiders to Las Vegas from ESPN 's Outside the Lines Las Vegas Raiders from the Oakland Raiders ' official website ( hide ) Oakland Raiders Founded in 1960 Played in Los Angeles ( 1982 -- 94 ) Based in Oakland , California Headquartered in Alameda , California Franchise History in Los Angeles relocation to Las Vegas Seasons Players First - round draft picks Starting quarterbacks Head coaches Stadiums Kezar Stadium Candlestick Park Frank Youell Field Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Las Vegas Stadium Key personnel Owner / CEO : Mark Davis President : Marc Badain General manager : Reggie McKenzie Head coach : Jack Del Rio Culture Oakland Raiderettes Raider Nation The Autumn Wind Mount Davis Ricky 's Sports Theatre and Grill Straight Outta L.A. Lore Heidi Game Immaculate Reception The Sea of Hands Ghost to the Post Holy Roller Red Right 88 Tuck Rule Game Rivalries Denver Broncos Kansas City Chiefs Los Angeles Chargers Pittsburgh Steelers Media Broadcasters Television : NBC Sports California NBC Sports Bay Area KTVU KVVU Radio : KGMZ KBLX KUFX KCYE KDWN Other : Compass Media Networks The Raider Cast Personalities : Bill King Greg Papa J.T. the Brick Playoff appearances ( 22 ) 1967 1968 1969 1970 1972 1973 1976 1977 1980 1982 1984 1985 1990 1991 1993 2000 2001 2002 2016 Division championships ( 15 ) 1967 1968 1969 1970 1972 1973 1976 1985 1990 2000 2001 2002 Conference championships ( 4 ) 1976 1980 2002 League championships ( 3 ) 1976 ( XI ) 1980 ( XV ) 1983 ( XVIII ) does not include 1967 AFL championship Current league affiliations League : National Football League ( 1970 -- present ) Conference : American Football Conference Division : West Division Former league affiliation League : American Football League ( 1960 -- 1969 ) Seasons ( 58 ) 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 2001 2017 Championship seasons in bold Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oakland_Raiders_relocation_to_Las_Vegas&oldid=806312419 '' Categories : Oakland Raiders Las Vegas Raiders National Football League controversies National Football League franchise relocations 2017 in sports in California 2017 in sports in Nevada Hidden categories : Pages with reference errors Pages with duplicate reference names Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 21 October 2017 , at 04 : 32 . 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Question: when do the oakland raiders move to vegas

scheduled to begin play as the Las Vegas Raiders for the 2020 National Football League (NFL) season (although a move to Las Vegas could happen as soon as 2019 with Sam Boyd Stadium)