Vector Based Forwarding (VBF) was proposed in , which aims to increase network lifetime taking into account mobility of nodes. A hypothetical vector, which makes a virtual pipe of radius R from source to destination is assumed. Nodes within the range of vector are selected as candidates for forwarding process. EVBF (Efficient-VBF)  is an extension and improvement in VBF, in which “desirable-ness” factor α and adaptation time Tadaptation are utilized in forwarding and selecting most suitable forwarder. This protocol is workable for both sink based queries and source generated queries. Another variant of this protocol is LE-VBF (Lifetime-Extended VBF)  in which desirableness is redefined employing position and energy of the deployed node. Routing pipe radius threshold influences on the efficiency of this protocol. VBF also requires localization information and extra equipment to measure Angle of Arrival (AoA) which is an overhead and causes extra energy consumption. Nodes closer to the axis of routing pipe become hot spot and their faster energy depletion causes void regions.