These results (varying pre-processing parameters and pre-treatment methods) clearly demonstrate that handling the multivariate data from untargeted metabolomic analyses is indeed challenging. Both Figure 3 and Figure 5 depict that the data analysis outcome of an untargeted metabolomic data is remarkably influenced by the upstream data handling, such as pre-processing and pre-treatment methods, and the algorithms applied. The symbiosis of chemometrics and metabolomics  is illustrated here, with a clear demonstration that an understanding of data structures and data analysis methodologies is mandatory for stepping forward from data to information as comprehensively as possible.