For cellular ROS detection, cells were incubated with 2,7 dichloro‐fluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) (Abcam) 100 μM for 30 min at 37°C in the dark, and fluorescence was analyzed with excitation/emission at 495/529 nm, using SpectraMax M2e (Molecular devices). Fluorescence intensity was then normalized for cell number. To determine mitochondrial ROS production, cells were treated with 5 μM MitoSOX™ Red, a mitochondrial superoxide indicator (Invitrogen) for 10 min at 37°C, according to the manufacturer's protocol, and fluorescence was analyzed with excitation/emission at 510/580 nm, using SpectraMax M2e (Molecular devices).