A multi-center qualitative study was conducted in three universities: Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS), and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). The participants in this study were midwifery students. Prior to undertaking the investigation, ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. With regards to the ethical considerations, the researchers elaborated the aim of the study, who will conduct the interviews, and how the data will be used. In addition, the students understood that their participation was entirely voluntary, and their responses were anonymous. All responses were also kept confidential. What is more, the students were aware that they could easily withdraw from the study at any time and without fear of retribution. Before the research proceed, the written consent forms were signed off by the res students to indicate consent.