Recessive resistance is conferred either by a recessive gene mutation that encodes a host factor critical for viral infection or by a mutation in a negative regulator of plant defense responses, possibly due to the autoactivation of defense signaling. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4E and eIF4G and their isoforms are the most widely exploited recessive resistance genes in several crop species (Kang et al., 2005). Hashimoto et al. thoroughly review the recent advances in recessive resistance studies not just limited to eIF4E and eIF4G.