The different sequences in the causes of death reflect an unfair outcome. The results of this study show similar sequences in the causes of death within the U5MR for different genders, whereas the U5MR and MMR differ between urban and rural areas. When comparing Figs. 2 to 3, we found that the gender differences in the IBD, U5MR, and NMR for the same year were smaller than the urban and rural differences; additionally, no gender difference is found in pregnant women. Therefore, this study focused on the analysis of urban-rural differences in an effort to reduce the overall differences; this approach was likely to reduce the urban-rural differences in maternal and child health.