For this purpose, CHME-5 cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of actD, a potent inhibitor of transcription, before cytokine or ATP treatment. Interestingly, actD completely blocked the effect of the two cytokines (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.0002) but not of exATP on MV production (Figure 6A). Moreover, the number of MVs released by cytokine-treated cells in the presence of the inhibitor was significantly lower than the number of MVs released by untreated cells. Indeed, cells treated with just actD released much less vesicles with respect to the unstimulated controls (p: 0.0086) (Figure 6B).