A cohort of 257 HCC patients who received curative hepatectomy at Zhongshan Hospital (Fudan University, China) from January to December 2007 was enrolled. This study was conducted after obtaining informed consent forms from patients and ethical approval from Zhongshan Hospital Research Ethics Committee. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for patients, therapeutic modalities, and postoperative surveillance according to a uniform guideline have been described previously 22. The clinicopathologic features are provided in the supplementary material, Table S1, and patient follow‐up is included in the Supplementary materials and methods. Tissue microarrays were constructed as described previously 23. Details are included in the supplementary material, Supplementary materials and methods.