Regarding IR exposure as a genuine genotoxic stress, accumulating experimental evidence suggests a diverse range of radiation effects for non-irradiated areas often referred to as non-targeted effects (NTE) or under the general umbrella of systemic effects . The NTE can be separated in two major groups: near (bystander), where non-irradiated cells exhibit a response similar to their neighboring irradiated cells, and distant (e.g., the clinically relevant abscopal effect) while different mechanisms are implicated in each case, as discussed recently in . The NTE usually involve the discharge of various chemical and biological mediators from the irradiated cells and thus promoting the communication of the radiation attack via the so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which is based on the originally introduced idea of “danger” signals .