The function of CsMRP4 seems to be to export bile acids from the worm’s body, which is similar to the function of typical MRP4. C. sinensis adults and metacercariae immerse themselves in bile juice, which can exert toxic effects and impair the tissues and cells of the worm’ bodies. Bile acids have also been reported to decrease the locomotive cycles of juvenile F. hepatica and to provoke parasite death . Together, these data suggest that C. sinensis needs to dilute the high concentrations of bile acids in the interior of the body by pumping them out and that CsMRP4 plays a role in transporting bile acids in coordination with other bile acid exporters.