Although most EVs cause only mild symptoms, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, pleurodynia and rashes [19, 20], some members belonging to the genus Enterovirus can cause severe diseases. The most well known pathogen is poliovirus affecting humans. Poliovirus and some of other EVs, including coxsackie virus and echovirus, can invade the central nervous system causing neurological diseases, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and ataxia [21, 22]. In other animals, although porcine teschovirus, formerly classified as porcine enterovirus, can cause a neurological disorder known as Teschen/Talfan disease , the pathogenicity of EVs infecting animals are still unclear. In case of cattle, foot-and-mouth disease virus belonging to the genus Aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae can cause vesicular diseases leading to a serious economic impact for farmers ; the pathogenicity of viruses belonging to the genus Enterorovirus is still unclear. Several reports have claimed that BEVs can cause diarrhea, respiratory diseases, reproductive diseases and infertility in cattle [25–27]; however, BEVs have also been widely detected in asymptomatic cattle and their environment, and experimental infection trials of BEV have failed to produce clinical signs [28–30]. Therefore, whether BEV infection is clinically important remains unclear.