Treatment with FLU or c-PTIO abrogated the effects of B. licheniformis SA03 on saline–alkaline tolerance of Chrysanthemum plants. After 10 days of bacterial inoculation, plants were subjected to saline–alkaline stress for 4 weeks with or without FLU or c-PTIO treatments. These plants were used to analyze (A) growth phenotypes, shoot and root (B) K+ or (C) Na+ concentration, shoot (D) and root (E) Na+/K+ ratio, shoot (F) and root (G) Fe concentrations. I, inoculated plants; NI, non-inoculated plants; BS, before the stress treatment; AS, after the stress treatment. Data are expressed as the mean values of three replicates (±SE) with 10 plants each. Different letters indicate significant differences using one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan’s multiple range test at P < 0.05.