Overall accuracy of facial emotion identification showed a main effect of participant group (F4 = 10.89, p < 0.001), and was reduced in all syndromic groups relative to controls (all pbonf < 0.012) (Table 2). There was no significant relationship between emotion identification accuracy and age but a significant effect of gender (p = 0.04), with higher identification scores overall in female participants. The main effect of participant group persisted after covarying for gender (F4 = 13.852, p < 0.001). Emotion identification accuracy in the patient cohort correlated with standard measures of nonverbal executive function (WASI Matrices score, an index of disease severity; rho = 0.547, p < 0.001) and semantic competence (British Picture Vocabulary Scale; rho = 0.676, p < 0.001).