Despite these strengths, several limitations persist that should be considered when interpreting these results. Our sample is not representative of the Chilean adolescent population, as it consisted of adolescents from low and middle SES families. However, data from these socioeconomic groups may be especially important: population-based surveys conducted in Chile show that the prevalence of unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity, and excess weight is higher in adolescents from low and middle SES families compared to adolescents from high SES families . This means that students from low and middle SES families are more exposed to risk factors for difficulties related to progressing from high school to higher education. Encouraging healthy dietary habits and, in particular, intake of healthy snacks, might smooth the pathway to college. Second, although we accounted for the effect of important confounders (including parental education and family structure), we were not able to consider other key influences, such as family support-related variables, general motivational factors (e.g., achievement motivation), and students’ interests in specific subject areas, which may also impact their academic functioning. A third limitation is the cross-sectional nature of the study. Since data on snack quality for each participant was recorded only once, it would be difficult to infer the temporal association between this exposure and the academic outcomes. Thus, only association, and not causation, can be inferred from our study. While our results may be useful to inform new hypotheses, a more complex investigation, such as a longitudinal study or crossover intervention trial, should be conducted to test the temporality of these associations, i.e., that the exposure to Western-type food items precede academic difficulties. Finally, future studies should replicate and extend this analysis in other young populations.