The short form of the CES-D (Radloff, 1977; Hautzinger et al., 2012) is a 15-item questionnaire for measuring depressive symptoms in the past seven days. Response categories range from rarely or none of the time to most or all of the time (scored from 0 to 3). Thus, higher values indicate higher depressiveness. Internal consistency was α = 0.911 in the current study.