Considering its extensive contact with body structures, human blood is an attractive source for biomarker discovery. Increased discohesiveness of cancerous tissues sometimes makes tumour cells more mobile and is transported in the blood stream as tumour markers. Even though limited in volume, it is the most frequently used sample for clinical diagnosis of many disease conditions. Blood samples have been used to identify biomarkers of many human diseases including: Alzheimer's disease , Parkinson's disease , breast cancer , preeclampsia , and PCa . Importantly, it is also known that disease conditions such as cancer are able to stimulate humoral immune response leading to the generation of auto-antibodies ; and this has been demonstrated in many different human cancers, including renal , colorectal , lung , and PCa [82–86]. These autoantibodies generated, have potential theranostic utilities for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic vaccine target development.