We compared the genome-wide marginal effects with between-genotype variance heterogeneity results for each of the five cardiometabolic traits by calculating the association between marginal effects (Pm) and variance heterogeneity (Pv) P-values using the rank-based Spearman correlation (ρ). This was done using a set of 42,710 pruned SNPs produced using the--indep-pairwise command in PLINK (see Materials and Methods) to account for linkage disequilibrium (LD) among variants.