As suggested by references , the dose-response parameter on the mucous membranes, ηm, and the viral load, L0, strongly influence the infection risk distributions but might vary considerably among cases. According to the dose-response relationship model, we combined these two parameters as the product ηmL0 to reduce the number of variables and defined the product as the dose effect of introducing 1 g of norovirus-containing particles with a viral load of L0 to the mucous membranes. Based on the literature, we set a baseline scenario with a ηm of 0.1415/genome copy  and a L0 of 3 × 108 genome copies/g  and investigated different scenarios as the value of ηmL0 varied from 105 to 109/g.