In summary, our approach might be able to inspire new periodontal disease treatment only targeting the performance P. gingivalis, while taking into consideration the application of antioxidants before aPDT for protection of the oral tissues. In addition, aPDT using several exogenous dye has already been performed and clinical research results have been reported on periodontal disease treatment18, 23, 24. Unfortunately, this present study as aPDT which does not use exogenous dye, has not been carried out in vivo human study. We are going to need to implement in future dental aPDT treatment for the establishment of novel periodontal treatment.