The sequence polymorphisms in the nucleotide position range 16040–16400 were compared with the rCRS40 as well as the Reconstructed Sapiens Reference Sequence (RSRS, www.mtdnacommunity.org)41. Sequences were submitted to GenBank under the accession numbers KU739156–KU739266. Haplogroup determination was carried out according to the mtDNA phylogeny of PhyloTree build 17, accessed 18 February 201642, and these haplogroup definitions were checked in our mtDNA database of 78,000 samples (enlarged database of that reported in ref. 24), and in EMPOP (http://empop.online/).