Finally, to test the hypothesis that those who believed that President Obama is Muslim would rate him more negatively than would those who believe he is Christian, an independent samples t-test not assuming equal variances was conducted. As predicted, the test showed that those who thought president Obama is Muslim (n = 66, M = 3.71, SD = 1.35) did, in fact, rate him significantly more negatively than did those who thought he was Christian (n = 240, M = 4.28, SD = 1.14), t(91.97) = 3.17, p = .002, d = 0.46. These results are consistent with findings that Muslims are viewed negatively in America . There are a variety of reasons for these anti-Muslim attitudes and behaviors, including fear, misunderstanding, and the fact that many recent terrorist acts have been committed by members of extreme factions identifying themselves as Muslim . Therefore, based on the generally negative attitudes toward Muslims, it is reasonable to expect that those who believe President Obama is Muslim will hold more negative attitudes toward him.