Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly higher in children with non-variceal bleeding than controls (P = 0.02) and variceal bleeding (P = 0.03) with no significant differences between children with variceal bleeding and controls (P = 0.9). All patients were negative for both hepatitis B and C markers. No significant differences between cases and controls as regards urea or creatinine levels were present. A laboratory triad of increased ALT (> 45 U/L), decreased albumin levels (< 4 g/dL) and negative H. pylori infection was a significant triad in predicting variceal bleeding as a cause in children presented with upper GIT bleeding. It was positive in 8 cases of 18 children presented with variceal bleeding (44.4%) versus only one case of 52 children presented with non-variceal bleeding (1.9 %) (P = 0.002). Non-Variceal group included: gastritis (38 patients), duodenitis (9 patients), esophagitis (2 patients), multiple duodenal polyps (1 patient) and Mallory Weiss tear (2 patients), (Table 1-3).