Strengths and limitationsThis systematic review and meta-analysis will provide a comprehensive and objective assessment of the incidence of malignant hyperthermia in patients undergoing general anesthesia and/or surgery.The study will provide useful and novel information for patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers.The study will assess the methodological and reporting qualities of included studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and modified risk of bias tool.Our results may be limited by heterogeneity due to differences in age, gender, geographic region, race, and provoking agent.Subgroup analysis will be carried out based on quality of study, geographic region, age, gender, race, and provoking agent if possible.