The probiotic L. plantarum G83 had a positive effect against pathogens mainly by chemical barrier and biological barrier, not only increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, but modulating immune response. In addition, different dose of L. plantarum G83 had various effects in modulating immune response. The results of this research may suggest that there is an opportunity to develop a new probiotic product for use in giant panda. And more research is needed for fully guarantee the safety and efficacy of this strain.