The Pho8Δ60 assay to quantify the magnitude of autophagy was performed as previously described (Noda and Klionsky 2008). Briefly, cell lysates from 0.5 OD600 of cells were incubated with 5.5 mM α-naphthyl phosphate (disodium salt, Sigma-Aldrich, N7255) for 20 min at 30° in reaction buffer (250 mM Tris-HCl, pH 9.0, 10 mM MgSO4, and 10 µM ZnSO4). The reaction was stopped with an equal volume of 2 M glycine-NaOH, pH 11.0. Fluorescence emissions of the product 1-napthol were measured (λex = 330 and λem = 472) using a GloMax plate reader (Promega) with a UV filter. Protein concentrations were determined by the Bradford assay (Bradford 1976). All experiments were repeated three times.