In particular, the last decade has witnessed an increased emphasis on CBA research in Northern Canada, and is increasingly being emphasized by funding agencies, governments, research licensing bodies, and the scientific community. At a broad level, this builds from acknowledgment of the damage that historical research practices have caused in the North, of an understanding of continuing colonial legacies, and of associated mistrust of Western knowledge.72, 73, 74, 75, 76 Specific to adaptation, the importance of community engagement reflects how climate change will affect Northern communities, with many risks propagated through subsistence‐based hunting and land use activities in which individual, household, and community behavior and decision making are essential for adaptation to current and future change.44, 46, 50, 66, 77 Many adaptations, therefore, need to be rooted in local customs, values, and decision‐making process if they are to be successful, building on traditional knowledge of local environmental conditions and coping mechanisms. Local engagement is further underscored by institutional processes in Canada's Inuit regions, in which community consultation, the integration of cultural values, and respect for traditional knowledge are built into political and governmental decision‐making processes as part of land claims agreements and regional and territorial government institutions. In this context, adaptation policy and planning processes have significant emphasis on community engagement.66