Although IL-1α is a potent cytokine whose role in kidney lesions and inflammaging is emerging, its expression is much lower than IL-1β expression in vivo and difficult to assess31. The in vivo model of MSU-induced peritonitis allowed to evidence that both IL-1α and IL-1β production was reduced at an early phase in CalpTG mice, suggesting that calpains actually promote IL-1α and IL-1β synthesis in response to cellular stress in vivo.