Mammalian On this dataset (Fig. 3 b), overall, ASTRAL was the best method, and was significantly better than DISTIQUE (p=0.025). DISTIQUE and ASTRID were overall statistically indistinguishable (Additional file 1: Table S3). The relative error of concatenation depended on the level of ILS, which was much worse than summary methods for high levels of ILS, but better for low levels of ILS.