While this study reports new information on the relationship between exercise participation and common laboratory measures, findings should be interpreted within the context of the present study design. First, from a population level, assessment of exercise participation by frequency and mode alone is not able to capture the relationships or mechanisms with other exercise metrics such as intensity and duration. Further study is needed to evaluate the effects of exercise intensity and duration on these relationships. Additionally, in order to isolate and explore the different effects of strength vs. aerobic type exercise, predicted values were reported as 0 vs. 5+ days per week of exercise participation. While this may differ from some physical activity recommendations, it better allowed the distinct effects of each mode of exercise to be displayed. In addition, as exercise and health data were collected by questionnaire, the potential for recall and reporting bias may exist. Interpretation bias may also exist, as the questionnaire did not define aerobic or strength exercise. Furthermore, participants with reported medical conditions that may affect common laboratory tests were included in the study in order to represent a characteristic population. While the proportion of individuals without a reported health condition was higher for individuals reporting more days of strength or exercise participation, all individuals were included in the analytic sample due to broad health condition classifications, insufficient sample sizes by each reported condition to power subgroup analysis, and in order to represent a characteristic sample of the population. In regards to age, although younger age was associated with greater strength exercise participation, the restriction of our population to adults aged 18 to 34y and the less than 1 year difference found between groups was not considered clinically meaningful and supported the non-stratified analysis. Additionally, the sample may be biased toward working employees and not necessarily representative of the population. However as the goal of this study was to demonstrate the effects of exercise on biomarkers of health, the relationships may be applicable to a more broad population. Finally, this study was restricted to men and women aged 18 to 34 years of age in order to avoid the confounding influence of age. Accordingly, application of results would be most appropriate to populations with similar characteristics. Further study is needed to determine the influence of age on such relationships.