The indicators in the questionnaire were selected based on a comprehensive literature review and expert consultation. Ultimately, disease and death outcomes were selected to explain the equality of maternal and child health outcomes in China. The disease outcome dimension included the IBD, which referred to the ratio of the number of annual IBD cases to the number of births that occurred in that year in the jurisdiction. The death outcome dimension included the MMR, NMR, and U5MR; the MMR refers to maternal mortality due to all causes from pregnancy up to 42 days after giving birth (except accidents), the NMR refers to live births born after 28 weeks of pregnancy (i.e., the ratio of deaths within 28 days after birth to the number of births), and the U5MR refers to the probability of death before the age of 5 years in children born in a given year. Focused analyses were performed on the cause of maternal mortality and the cause of under-five mortality. In this study, the causes of maternal death included postpartum haemorrhage (PH), puerperal infection (PI), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), medical complications (MC) and amniotic fluid embolism (AFE); the causes of death in children under the age of 5 years included premature birth and being underweight (PBU), birth asphyxia (BA), diarrhoea, and pneumonia, as well as others. The maternal and child health outcomes included in this study are negative indicators, with index definitions and formulas consistent with the definitions and contents in the monitoring and investigation lists of national maternity and child care institutions.