Our investigation was based on the Validating and Improving Injury Burden Estimates Study (Injury-VIBES) cohort, which consists of participants’ data from six longitudinal studies in five countries (Table 1).19 The main aim of the Injury-VIBES study is to improve the measurement of non-fatal injury burden through analysis of pooled, de-identified, patient-level data. Our investigation was approved by Monash University’s Human Research Ethics Committee.