Due to the thickness and weight required to achieve the desired MTM properties, researchers have realized the efficacy of planar, two-dimensional equivalents known as metasurfaces (MSs). Metasurfaces are usually planar, easier to fabricate, and weigh much less when compared to 3D MTM structures. They are also less lossy due to their reduced size18. Some applications of MSs include: angular-independent surfaces19–21, absorbers22–24, radar cross section reduction surfaces25, wave front shapers26, ultra-thin transmission-type metalenses27–30, and wide angle impedance matching layers (WAIMs)31,32. WAIMs are usually employed to minimize the amount of scan loss in phased array antennas. This scan loss is caused by the variations in the array’s active impedance that arise from changes in the mutual coupling between the radiating elements as the scan angle and frequency change33.