The QTXNetwork software was used to dissect the genetic architecture of the flowering time with 5,107 SNPs. Association mapping was performed using the mixed linear model with environment (E) as a fixed effect, and the loci effects (a, additive effect; aa, epistasis effect) and loci by environment interaction (ae, additive by environment interaction; aae, epistasis by environment interaction) as random effects . The loci with –log10(P-value) > 3.0 in different environments were identified.