Other genes such as the planar cell polarity (PCP) genes, which have been studied in spina bifida cohorts among Italians, Americans, and the French, are VANGL1 and CESLR1 [44, 82–84]. The noncore PCP gene SCRIB has also been implicated as a spina bifida gene among the American cohort . However, noncore PCP gene association needs to be explored further in larger NTD cohorts. To date, over 100 human spina bifida genes have been used to screen for spina bifida with 48 genes reported as a potential risk factor as listed in Table 3 which was reviewed in Greene et al. ; further candidates since then are NKX2-8, PTCH1, Glypican-5, PARD3, Paraoxonase 1, COMT, AMT, and GLDC genes [16, 17, 206–211]. All of these do not represent a potential global spina bifida gene. Therefore, a strong candidate spina bifida gene(s) for the world population has yet to be discovered.