Brassicaceae represent an ideal system for studying the genetic factors that are controlling the accumulation of bioactive compounds. Indeed, up to date, in the Brassicaceae family, the genomes of ten species have been partially or completely sequenced and the conserved sequence homology to Arabidopsis thaliana allows for the development of specific genomic resources . Several molecular markers have been introduced for genetic studies in Brassica plants, such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and simple sequence repeats (SSR) . Molecular maps and mapping populations have also been developed by using several varietal groups and subspecies as parents. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling the accumulation of bioactive compounds, including carotenoids and glucosinolates, have also been identified in Brassicaceae . Several studies have been conducted on the structural and regulatory genes involved in the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds of broccoli. For example, a recent study  reported that the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B′γ (PP2A-B′γ) physically interacts with indole glucosinolate methyltransferases. In this way, both the methoxylation of indole glucosinolates and the synthesis of 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves are controlled. These evidences provide a new perspective for metabolic engineering of glucosinolate metabolism in cruciferous plants.