Microalbuminuria levels were studied pre-operatively, on the first hour postoperatively, and on postoperative days (POD) one and five. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were studied pre-operatively, and on POD 1 and 5. Patients who were considered to be in a low-cardiac output state received positive inotropic agents (dopamine or adrenaline or both). They were assessed for persistent systemic blood pressure below 90 mmHg, urinary output lower than 20 cm3/h, and the state of peripheral circulation was evaluated for adequate preload and optimal afterload. Urine samples were measured for microalbuminuria using Micral test sticks (Roche).