However, the interactive influence of T and OT on neural processing of the BS currently remains elusive. Only a few behavioral studies have so far assessed their combined influence on aspects of nurturing behaviors. In the context of paternal caretaking behavior Weisman and colleagues24 found that OT administration led to an unexpected short-term alteration of endogenous T, whereby nurturing behaviors like social gaze also increased. Given that women are the main caretakers during the first months after childbirth when infants depend on maternal milk, and yet sometimes show impairments like postpartum depression or child neglect25, it is of crucial importance to take a closer look on these interactive influences in women as well. In nulliparous women a higher endogenous T reduced selective attention to infant targets in the context of adult distractors6. Importantly, attention to infant stimuli increased after OT administration, but only in women with high endogenous T. This suggests that OT may oppose the negative effects of T on nurturing behavior in women6. There are already some indications on the behavioral level that T and OT may have gender-specific impacts on parental behavior. Gordon and colleagues26 found that high T levels in fathers negatively influenced the association between OT and paternal behavior, whereas in mothers high T levels evoked positive associations. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of the OT by T interaction on selective attention to infants in general and the highly relevant key stimulus BS in particular remains elusive.