A homologue of granulin from C. sinensis (CsGRN) was identified in our previous studies, which was predicted to be a component of excretory/secretory products (ESPs) [7, 8]. Granulins are a family of secreted, glycosylated peptides that are cleaved from a single precursor protein with 7.5 repeats of a highly conserved 12-cysteine granulin/epithelin motif . As independent growth factors, granulin family members are excessively expressed in various tumour tissues and are important in normal development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis . Overexpression of progranulin (PGRN), which is a 60 to 90 kDa glycoprotein containing seven tandemly repeated granulin motifs in mammals, is linked to tumorigenesis in numerous human tissues, including liver. It is also associated with an aggressive and invasive tumour phenotype . The ov-grn-1, a granulin among the ESPs of Opisthorchis viverrini, may establish a tumorigenic environment that ultimately manifests as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) [12, 13]. FhGLM, a granulin-like molecule in Fasciola hepatica that is likely to be secreted through a nonclassical pathway, might exert a proliferative action on host cells during fascioliasis .