Previous studies have showed that a-synuclein aggregation is the driving force in PD pathogenesis.50 Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), also known as nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 2 (NEAT2), is a highly conserved ncRNA highly expressed in neurons.39, 51 Recently, research has shown MALAT1 overexpression upregulated a-synuclein expression, whereas inhibition of MALAT1 downregulated its expression only in the protein level rather than the mRNA level. Giving β-asarone, the major ingredient of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, can decrease the expression levels of MALAT1 and a-synuclein in the midbrain tissue of PD mice, suggesting β-asarone as a potential therapeutic agent for PD.52