POs believe that patients should be encouraged to take an active role in their own care. Due to the heterogeneity of cancer patients and PPVs, developers of guidelines should engage patients and the respective POs systematically to ensure that PPVs are taken into account. Even if patient-centricity is a leading paradigm in cancer policy, it is not yet standard practice to include patients and / or POs at all appropriate levels of decision-making processes that are related to their health and well-being. Patient engagement and measurement of patient experience should be an integral part of cancer care decision-making. This complexity must be reflected throughout policy making, avoiding a population level “one-size-fits-all” solution. The situation poses a great need for in-depth collaborative solutions with a tangible inclusion of patients and / or the POs throughout the process.