Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD if normally distributed, or median [interquartile range] if not. Group comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon, or Kruskall-Wallis tests, as appropriate. Differences between relative changes in biomarkers were assessed using paired Wilxocon rank sum tests. Correlations between biomarkers were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation. Missing data were assumed to be missing at random, and no imputations were performed.