To our knowledge, the present study is the first one that compares effects of mental and physical dynamic Qigong training on EEG brain activity in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. From this, we supposed that mental practice of the dynamic Qigong technique Wu Qin Xi leads to comparable effects in EEG brain activation than in physical Qigong training. Having a closer look at theta activity in mental practice, a centering around the central areas compared to activation of a broader range of locations after physical training in eyes-open conditions was obtained. From this, we conclude different attentional processes in mental and physical Wu Qin Xi Qigong training.