The qPCR reactions were performed in duplicate for each condition using the KAPA SYBR® FAST qPCR Master Mix (KapaBiosystems, USA) and LightCycler® 480 Real-Time PCR System (Roche, Switzerland). Each reaction consisted of 20 μL containing 1 μL of cDNA and 200 nM of each primer (Supplementary Tables 59 and 60). The cycling conditions were: denaturation at 95 °C for 3 min; followed by 45 two-segment cycles of amplification at 95 °C for 10 s, and 60 °C for 30 s in which fluorescence was automatically measured, and one three-segment cycle of 95 °C for 5 s, 65 °C for 1 min, and 95 °C for 30 s. The baseline adjustment method of the LightCycler® 480 software was used to determine the Ct in each reaction. β-actin was selected as the internal control and the expression levels of tested genes were determined using the comparative Ct (2−ΔΔCt) method.