The total RNA was extracted using Trizol RNA isolation reagent, which can break down cell lysates and isolate RNA, DNA, and proteins. First, 1 mL Trizol reagent was added to each and transferred to a 1.5-mL microtube at room temperature for 5 min. Then, 200 µL BCP per mL of Trizol reagent was added and mixed vigorously. Following incubation for 2 min, the samples were centrifuged at 14,000× g for 15 min. The sample homogenates formed two phases, from which the aqueous phase on the top of the homogenate was transferred to a new Eppendorf tube. To precipitate RNA, an equal volume of isopropanol was added and mixed. The mixture was centrifuged at 14,000× g for 15 min and the supernatant was removed. The RNA pellet was washed with 1 mL of 75% ethanol to remove the residual salts. Finally, the mixture was centrifuged at 12,000× g for 5 min and the RNA pellet was dried and dissolved with 50 µL diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water. The concentration and quality of the RNA extracts were determined by NanoDrop (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA).