The Utah State University owned Caine Dairy Teaching and Research Center is among the nation's leading dairy production research centers. Research at the Caine Dairy focuses on animal nutrition and reproduction, waste-handling, animal health, and irrigated pasture for intensive rotational grazing. The center also houses three-hundred head of cattle used for dairy production. The Caine Dairy is equipped with a traditional flush system to clean the feed stations for the cattle, and 2000 gallons of water are used to flush twice daily. The flushed waste is directed through a coarse filter grate and the large solids are removed and dried. The liquid phase is pumped into a one acre settling lagoon, which empties into a one acre evaporation pond, where the wastewater is held until it is pumped to the feed stations to be used for flushing stalls. Recycling used wastewater to flush stalls is a common practice in agriculture . However, recycling water creates a closed system for the liquid waste, where solid waste is the only stream leaving the system. The result is a buildup of water soluble nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, and turbid wastewater.