Cytotoxicity evaluation of the crude extracts was performed using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) (Sigma, USA) colorimetric assay on 96-well culture plates (Skehan et al. 1990). The NCI-H460 cell line, obtained from the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS, Pune, India), was maintained in RPMI-1640 (Himedia, India) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Himedia, India) at 37 °C in an incubator with 5% carbon dioxide. Aliquots of 190 µL cell suspension at a density of 1.9 × 104 cells/well were pipetted into 96-well micro titer plates. The crude extracts were diluted to 1 mg/mL with sterile deionized water, and then 10 µL of each were added to each well to achieve a final concentration of 50 µg/mL. Control wells were composed of 190 µL cell suspension plus 10 µL of 10% DMSO. All assays were performed in triplicate. The plates were incubated at 37 °C in a CO2 (5%) incubator for 72 h, and fixed with 100 µL ice-cold 30% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and incubated at 4 °C for another 1 h. The plates were gently washed four times and air-dried at room temperature. To each well, 100 µL of 0.057% (wt/vol) sulforhodamine B (SRB) prepared in deionized water with 1% acetic acid was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. Unbound stain was removed by washing with 1% acetic acid and then the plates were air dried. To dissolve the cell bound dye, 200 µL of 10 mM Tri base solution (pH 10.5) was added to each well and the plate was shaken on a gyratory shaker for 10 min. Optical density (OD) was read at 510 nm in a microplate reader (Tecan, Switzerland). Percentage of cell-growth inhibition (GI) was calculated according to the following equation (Vichai and Kirtikara 2006):\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\text{Percentage}}\;\;{\text{of}}\;\;{\text{growth}}\;\;{\text{inhibition}} = 100 - {\text{percentage of control cell growth,}} $$\end{document}Percentageofgrowthinhibition=100-percentage of control cell growth, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\text{Percentage}}\;{\text{of}}\;{\text{control}}\;{\text{cell}}\;{\text{growth}} = ({\text{mean}}\;{\text{OD}}\;{\text{sample}} - {\text{mean}}\;{\text{OD}}\;{\text{day}}\; 0)/({\text{mean}}\;\;{\text{OD}}\;\;{\text{negative}}\;{\text{control}} - {\text{mean}}\;{\text{OD}}\;{\text{day}}\; 0) \times 100. $$\end{document}Percentageofcontrolcellgrowth=(meanODsample-meanODday0)/(meanODnegativecontrol-meanODday0)×100.