Nonetheless, some researchers have questioned the relevance of the IGT in testing the SMH (Dunn et al., 2006). Several other research teams have adopted the IGT to examine the SMH and have provided evidence that does not match the results obtained by Damasio's team. For instance, Tomb et al. (2002) have revealed that the amplitude of SCRs was unaffected by monetary and expected values (EVs) of cards during the IGT. Furthermore Maia and McClelland (2004, 2005) have found that decision-makers possess sufficient knowledge to detect the gambling structure during the early stages of the game, and as a consequence their processing is explicit, not implicit. In reply, Bechara et al. (2005) have emphasized that the SM signal does not just represent implicit processing. More specifically, healthy decision-makers mostly perform the IGT rationally and can be influenced by the SM system in either a covert or overt manner. In this manner, the original Iowa group has argued that the data reported by Maia and McClelland (2004) do not invalidate the SMH.