Cells were crosslinked in 1% formaldehyde (Polysciences, Inc. #18814) for 7 min at room temperature. After glycine quenching, cell pellets were collected, and sonicated using the Diagenode Bioruptor. Sonication was performed at high power, 30s on, 30s off, 5 min per cycle, for a total of 3 cycles. The sheared chromatin was incubated with protein A beads (ZYMO Research, Irvine, CA) and antibodies (YAP, 14074, Cell Signaling Technology; or Rabbit IgG, 2729, Cell Signaling Technology). DNA was purified using the Zymo-Spin ChIP Kit (D5210) and quantified by PCR. The primer sequences used for PCR were: human SLC38A1 promoter region primer forward (F): 5’- CAAGATTTGGATGTGCCACTTAG -3’; human SLC38A1 promoter region primer reverse (R): 5’- TGATTCCTCTATTCACTGTGTGCT-3’.