The transmission phase variation with frequency for the TM polarized incident fields for various angles of incidence is shown in Fig. 5. The phase varies by only 3° for a 0°–70° change in the incident angle. This small change in phase implies that the MS will hardly alter the phase of electromagnetic waves traversing it22. The resulting MS is very thin and light weight. It is only 0.254 mm thick.Figure 5Transmission phase variation with frequency for the TM polarized incident fields for various angles of incidence.