The rice OSFLO2 orthologs TaFLO2-A1, TaFLO2-B1 and TaFLO2-D1 were cloned, characterized and found to be located on homeologous chromosome group 2 in wheat. Sequence polymorphism observed in the promoter region of TaFlo2-A1 was associated with TGW. Thus, TaFLO2-A1 is a yield-related gene, and its manipulation could be useful for improving the grain yield potential of bread wheat. Many genes related to TGW and grain yield have been isolated and characterized in wheat using rice-wheat synteny . The success of rice-wheat orthology-based gene cloning in wheat is due to high nucleotide and amino acid similarity between the corresponding orthologous genes. For example, with their respective rice orthologs, TaTGW6 has 71% nucleotide and 68% amino acid similarity [16, 17]; TaGW2 has 98% nucleotide and ~ 87% amino acid similarity ; TaCKX6-D1 has 66% amino acid similarity ; TaGS-D1 has 75.5% cDNA and 72.2% amino acid similarity ; and TaGASR-A1 has 88% amino acid sequence similarity . These data provide a genetic framework for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to pyramid positive alleles for TGW and yield during cultivar development. However, there are still many important genes that have been characterized in rice that are not being used as template for cloning their orthologs in wheat, e.g., OsTB1 , GW5 , GS5 , GW8 , GW7/GL7 [40, 41], and OsAGSW1 . Thus, comparative genomics approaches between rice and wheat will remain useful in discovering orthologs of rice genes in wheat and will continue to enhance our understanding of the genetics of yield potential in wheat.