Therefore, in light of the performance indicators F1-score and MCC, e-Bitter obtains the best performance for the “Bitter New” dataset and “Phytochemical Dictionary” dataset. e-Bitter consistently outperforms bitterX for all these three test sets. BitterPredict achieves the slightly better result than e-Bitter for the “UNIMI set” dataset. It is worth noting that in this section the performance of e-Bitter specifically refers to the performance of the consensus models, albeit the performance of 96 average models are optionally available in the e-Bitter and also discussed above.