Previous studies have indicated that characteristic impairments across cognitive domains (Mori et al., 2016), Barthel Index (Formiga et al., 2010), and lower pre-treatment regional cerebral blood flow in the right orbitofrontal cortex (Hongo et al., 2008) can be used to predict better responses to cholinesterase inhibitors treatment in older adults with dementia. Our findings suggest that the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatment can also be predicted based on neural characteristics and the extent of cognitive decline.