Despite the interesting findings of this study, there are several potential limitations. First, as this study was a cross-sectional analysis, each cause was not confirmed by response to treatment. However, chronic cough is widely known to have multiple causes, and the relative risk for each of these was calculated. Describing the pattern of presentation and considering all possible causes in the general population would be meaningful for physicians encountering patients with chronic cough. Second, the prevalence of asthma was calculated using a self-reported questionnaire and not by a provocation test, so there is a risk of classifying a patient as false positive or as false negative. Although we categorized patients as having asthma diagnosed by their doctor, we acknowledge the possibility of misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis, and there is limitation in differentiating COPD from asthma or asthma-COPD overlap syndrome. Third, we used the prevalence of chronic laryngitis instead of pH monitoring to diagnose. GERD frequently leads to chronic laryngitis;[39–42] however, there are some differences in the mechanism of diseases, and these changes may also appear secondary to smoking, excessive alcohol, allergies, asthma, or voice abuse. Fourth, medication effects, such as those of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, were not evaluated since most participants did not know the exact name of their prescribed medication. Therefore, we could not determine the prevalence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-related cough. Finally, we did not identify other diseases causing chronic cough that could be diagnosed by other methods, such as sputum analysis, computed tomography, or bronchoscopy. Therefore, the number of patients who cannot find the cause of cough may be overestimated.