This high incidence, mortality and 5-year prevalence trend is similar in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Africa, or the Republic of South Africa. This clearly contrasts with the situation in the developed world, where high incidence and low mortality reflect the impact of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. In most situations, cases are diagnosed at advanced stages in Africa and the mortality and incidence rates are almost at par with the situation in the Western, Middle, and Eastern Africa (Figure 1A) . Owing to a relatively higher level of development and infrastructure in the Republic of South Africa, PCa incidence is quite high compared to the rest of Africa. However, mortality rates in this region are high as well. The fact that South Africa has a high incidence rates similar to those in North America, Western Europe and Australia but a high mortality rate comparable to most other sub-Saharan African countries (Figure 1B & 1C) suggests that despite a relatively better diagnostic infrastructure compared with other parts of Africa, limited manpower and resources has complicated the management of the huge burden of diagnosed PCa cases .