The generalizability of our exploratory research is limited due to several factors. Search terms in the literature review were primarily focusing on guidelines providing direct therapeutic recommendations; thus the relatively low representation of patient aspects was not unexpected. This exploratory study was based on a limited number of survey respondents from 19 POs from 18 countries, where leaders of POs expressed their own views on the questions. Due to the limited number of included publications we have not assessed the abovementioned issues in different cancer types, therefore we could draw only general conclusions on the importance of patient engagement in cancer care.