Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was the dependent variable. The Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for ages 8 to 10 years (CPQ8-10) was used  to assess the impact of oral conditions on OHRQoL. The CPQ8-10 is an OHRQoL instrument designed exclusively for this age group. This instrument has been proven to be valid and reliable for use in Brazilian children . This instrument is made up of 25 items distributed into four subscales: oral symptoms (5 items), functional limitations (5 items), emotional well-being (5 items), and social well-being (10 items). The items address the frequency of events in the four previous weeks. A five-point rating scale is used, with the following options: never = 0; once/twice = 1; sometimes = 2; often = 3, and every day/almost every day = 4. CPQ8-10 scores are calculated by summing all the item scores, with the total score ranging from 0 (no impact of oral condition on OHRQoL) to 100 (maximum negative impact of oral condition on OHRQoL).