Due to rapid development of the disease, 2 patients refused further laboratory tests and treatments, were discharged from PUMCH, and returned home. They did not receive any treatments for HLH (including glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive agents). However, all 8 patients were given ATT (3 patients received treatment only with 2 first-line anti-TB drugs due to severe liver dysfunction, whereas the rest received treatment with 4 first-line anti-TB drugs). Four patients with respiratory failure underwent tracheal intubation and breathed with the help of a ventilator. Two patients experienced septic shock. Six patients received a sufficient amount of glucocorticoid therapy based on the HLH-2004 program, including 1 who received etoposide (VP16) and another who received cyclosporine A (CsA). For supportive treatment, 3 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, 7 patients received transfusions of red blood cells with fresh frozen plasma, and 5 patients received platelet transfusions for symptomatic therapy.