We used the cell lines originally from the following providers to whom we are very grateful: Thyroid cancer cell line OCUT1 was originally from Dr. Naoyoshi Onoda (Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan); BCPAP was from Dr. Massimo Santoro (University of Federico II, Naples, Italy); K1 was from Dr. David Wynford-Thomas (University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK); TPC1 cell line was from Dr. Alan P. Dackiw (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland); KAT18 was from Dr. Kenneth B. Ain (University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY); C643 from Dr. N.E. Heldin (University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden); WRO was from Dr. Guy J. F. Juillard (University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA); FB1 was originally from Dr. Fulvio Basolo (Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy). Normal thyroid epithelial cell line-derived HTORI-3 was originally from Dr. N.R. Lemoine (Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK). Melanoma cell lines A375, M14, SK-MEL-1, SK-MEL-2, SK-MEL-3, CHL-1 and MeWo, colon cancer cell line RKO, and human embryonic kidney 293T cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).