Amphipol-solubilized PLY pores were diluted to a final concentration of 1 mg · ml−1. A 3 µl aliquot was applied to freshly glow-discharged R2/2 holey carbon grids (Quantifoil Micro Tools, Jena, Germany), blotted for 3 to 4 s at 10°C and 100% humidity in a Vitrobot Mark IV (FEI). Preferential orientation of toxin rings on the air-water interface was overcome by carbon backing. Dose-fractionated 6.0 s movies of 30 frames with an electron dose of 1.02 e- · (Å2 · frame)−1 were recorded after coma-free alignment (Allegretti et al., 2014) with an FEI Polara electron microscope operating at 300 kV with 0.5–3.6 µm underfocus and a specimen pixel size of 1.4 Å on a K2 Summit direct electron detection camera (Gatan, Pleasanton, USA) operating in counting mode with an energy filter slit of 20 eV. Movie frames were corrected for beam-induced motion with Motioncorr (Li et al., 2013) and again with UNBLUR (Grant and Grigorieff, 2015), which also applied a dose-dependent filter. The contrast transfer function of each image was determined using CTFFIND3 (Mindell and Grigorieff, 2003). A total of 12308 particle images were hand-picked from 983 micrographs in RELION 1.3 or 1.4 (Scheres, 2012, 2015) and extracted into 360-pixel boxes. Initial 2D classification indicated that rings with 42-fold symmetry were most common, although rings with different symmetries were also present. For 3D classification in RELION, the pore structure of suilysin (EMD-2983) low-pass filtered to 50 Å was used as a reference. For the next processing step, the unsymmetrized low-resolution PLY map was used as the reference. Subsequent 3D classification yielded three classes, of which two had clear 42-fold symmetry. Rings that were distorted, damaged or of different size were sorted out at the 3D classification stage. A total of 6461 particles from 3D classes of 42-fold symmetry were auto-refined in RELION. A B-factor of −175 Å2 for map sharpening was determined using the modulation transfer function of the K2 Summit detector. The resolution of the processed data after B-factor sharpening was 4.5 Å (FSC0.143), with an estimated orientation accuracy of 0.75°. Local resolution was assessed with RELION 2.0 (Kimanius et al., 2016).