Cellulose is the most abundant and renewable biopolymer available on Earth, which can be obtained from a variety of sources, including woody and non-woody plants, animals and bacteria. It has been estimated that more than 1010–1011 tons of cellulose are synthesized and destroyed globally per annum. Therefore, rational and sustainable utilization of these abundant lignocellulosic biomasses to develop new valuable bio-products would be of great benefit not only to increase renewable, value-added products but also to diminish adverse environmental/ecological impacts. Cellulose, the principal component in the plant cell wall polysaccharides, is a linear polymer built up from linearly connected β-d-anhydro-glucopyranose units (AGUs). Cellulose is a natural high-molecular-weight macro-polymer covalently linked by β-1,4-glycosidic linkages in a variety of arrangements, and several cellulose polymer chains will eventually bundle together to form fibrils or microfibrils due to its strong hydrogen bonding . In nature, cellulose can be processed into its nano-dimensional structure, also known as nanocellulose via various hydrolysis treatments. From a 2015 study conducted by Usov and his group , it is well known that cellulose chains consist of different degrees of order, from highly crystalline arrangements to slightly perturbed distribution of chains. They proposed an alternative model to describe the ordered and disordered regions on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Instead of using amorphous regions to designate the randomly packed arrangements, less-ordered surface chains may possibly be more suitable to describe the cellulose polymer chain arrangement in cellulose. In other words, the dissolution process in cellulose fibrils normally happens faster on defective crystalline parts (soft parts which are visible as kinks in single fibrils) in the long polymer chains than the crystallinity phases as there are more active sites and defect regions for chemicals or catalysts to attack. Usually, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) can be isolated mainly by strong acid hydrolysis (e.g., 64 wt % H2SO4) in order to remove the defective crystalline domains, obtaining a typical needle-like morphology with an average diameter of 5–20 nm and fiber length up to several hundred nanometers (100–300 nm) . Contrariwise, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are prepared by several methods, such as mechanical treatment, TEMPO-mediated oxidation, or enzymatic hydrolysis to yield long flexible fiber networks with a fibril diameter longer than CNC (5–50 nm) and length up to several micrometers, depending on its degrees of fibrillation . In contrast to CNC, the produced CNF preserves the crystalline and less-ordered surface chains state in the cellulose microfibrils, rather than individual microfibrils.