A systematic literature search in medical or musical databases on “Yoik/Joik/jojk/sami singing and health” in 2015 and 2016 revealed no results. This does not mean that the significance of yoik as a potential health promoting factor has been unnoticed in academic writing, but in most health related research reports this hypothesis has been discussed within a broader context of culturally important activities or contents of life [15–18]. To our knowledge, there is only one qualitative pilot study  directly targeting the question, whether actively practicing or passively listening to yoik can have health-promoting effects and could thus be a cultural resilience factor within the Sami culture. Due to the distinct features of yoik, which can and is often practiced without the use of words, directly expressing feelings and describing its subject with musical means, we hypothesise that a potential mechanism of action maybe through emotion regulation and the feeling of belonging. The aim of this paper is to review the accessible literature in order to build up a body of evidence supporting this theory.