Two-tailed Student’s t-test was used to determine the significance of difference between two groups in the assays of MTT, cell migration and invasion, colony formation in soft agar, luciferase reporter gene assay, qRT-PCR, and tumor formation in nude mice. For cell migration and invasion assay, colony formation assay, luciferase reporter assay, and qRT-PCR, three independent experiments were carried out, and each was done in triplicate. All the western blotting, Co-IP, and ChIP assays were reproduced at least twice independently with similar results. All P values (Sudent’s t-test) were two-sided and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Analyses were performed using Stata (Stata/SE version 12 for windows; Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA) and GraphPad Prism (version 6 for Windows; GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA).