Gene flow (Nm) among all A. flaccida populations was 1.39. In pairwise comparisons, the populations showed variable Nm values (Table 6). The greatest gene flow was observed between the Guarapuava and Porto Barreiro populations (5.20) and the least was between the Marialva and Coxilha populations (1.68). It was also observed that the higher the Nm, the lower the Gst values (Table 6).