In the context of the MNI’s initiative, just over half of researchers stated that an institution-level open science policy could only be successful if it was developed in close collaboration with researchers, rather than simply imposed in a top-down fashion by management. Researchers were concerned that a broad one-size-fits-all directive may have adverse effects on their scientific priority and curtail their academic freedom by denying them, for example, the right to choose where to publish (Levin et al., 2016), to patent findings (Murray, 2010), to publish first and to control access to research outputs (Fecher et al., 2015).