Our study confirms that both OA and symptoms of CMD are two major health problems that are prevalent among former athletes. This impacts on the long-term health consequences of a career in the elite sport. Our study also shows that OA and its related physical consequences (pain, discomfort, impairments) may be seen as a risk factor for the occurrence of symptoms of CMD. In a previous study, we advocated for an interdisciplinary approach to the clinical care and support of current professional athletes during their career . The present study justifies such an interdisciplinary approach among former elite athletes after their careers, because the interaction between the physical and mental health issues occurring on the long term is complex.