Human cell lines, including NCI-H1437 (ATCC CRL-5872), BEAS-2B (BCRC 60344) and HUVEC (BCRC H-UV001), were cultured for in vitro assays. The H1437 cells were kindly provided by Dr. Yu-Shan Chou at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan and further certified by the BCRC (Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Taiwan) through STR-PCR DNA profiling in 2014. The BEAS-2B cells were purchased from BCRC and certified via STR-PCR DNA profiling in 2017. The details of cell cultures, the plasmid construction, Q-PCR, and western blot analysis , wound healing and time-lapse cell tracking assays for the determination of cell motility conducted under the manufactures’ instruction, electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) assay for the determination of cell barrier function and invasion ability [38, 39], and IHC were presented in the supplementary material method section (Supplementary Materials and Methods).