With the rapid development of RNA sequencing technology and computational methods, lncRNA has gradually been recognized by researchers, and the current research regarding lncRNA in neurological diseases has made some progress. The expression patterns of most lncRNAs are more tissue specific than those of their respective mRNAs, suggesting that lncRNAs can be used as molecular markers for disease diagnosis and drug design. In view of the specificity effects of certain lncRNAs, targeted therapeutic drugs can be designed to minimize the impact of other unrelated genes to achieve the purpose of personalized treatment. However, the evidence for the association of lncRNAs with neurological disease is mainly due to differences in expression, and only a few functions of lncRNAs have been clearly demonstrated. Dynamic analysis of changes in the body is constrained by available analytical techniques. Along with the specificity of lncRNA itself, such as its numerous species, the small amount of information contained in the original sequences and the limitation of research methods have contributed to the superficiality of our knowledge of the mechanism of lncRNA action and of other regulatory mechanisms. It remains necessary to continue to pursue in-depth research into the effects of lncRNA and other regulatory mechanisms affected by the microenvironment of the body.