In 2010, the silicone models were attached to the mannequins, but the technique used to mold the borders remained the same. However, the mannequins had openings for the mouth, a limited handling direction, and an adjustable height and head angle, which allowed students to mold the borders in a standing position, which is more consistent with actual clinical conditions. Students were given guidance by instructors throughout the training, and border molding was considered to be complete when the custom trays were completely filled with material (Fig. 1).Fig. 1Border molding training schema: (a) plaster model, press the compound directly with fingers; (b) silicone model, press the edges of the silicone model; and (c) mannequin with silicone model, use in the same manner as the silicone model