Approval of the Institutional Review Board of Sankara Netharalaya was obtained to analyze the hospital-based data, and the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed. This was a retrospective review of case records of patients with suspected postoperative infectious endophthalmitis after pars plana vitreous surgery performed at a tertiary eye care institute in India was done. Data were collected from the electronic/paper medical records between January 1995 and December 2015; the charts of all patients who developed endophthalmitis were reviewed. For cross-validation of our data, the endophthalmitis surveillance log of the Department of Microbiology was reviewed. Acute endophthalmitis after vitrectomy was defined as the presence of unusual inflammation in the anterior segment and vitreous cavity within 6 weeks of surgery along with microbiological evidence (staining/culture/PCR) of bacterial and fungal infection. Culture-positive endophthalmitis was considered to be present if microbiological organisms were isolated on culture. If the fungal, aerobic, and anaerobic culture results were found to be all negative, then this case was considered to be culture-negative endophthalmitis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data on the presence or absence of eubacterial, Propionibacterium acnes, and fungal genomes were also noted.