There have been a lot of advances in the fields of RLS in recent years, as the diagnostic criteria have been revised in 2012. A deeper insight in pathophysiology of RLS has put iron metabolism dysfunction in an important position, as well as dopaminergic system dysfunction, has been demonstrated. Guidelines of long-term treatment of RLS are published by IRLSSG in 2013 to help with the treatment of RLS for clinicians. Prevention and management of augmentation for long-term treatment has been improved through clinical experience and researches. More researches should be done to discover the pathophysiology, and to find better treatment and management of augmentation of RLS.