Table 2 contains the demographic, histologic, and treatment details for the TS population for the nine different ethnic groups and used the White population as the reference group. Blacks presented with a younger age, less stage I tumors, less grade I tumors, lower income, higher percentage of adenocarcinomas, less nodes examined, and were less likely to be insured, but their number of nodes positive, nodal density, OS, and LCSS was the same. Their 30 and 90-day mortality did not differ as compared to Whites. Hispanic patients presented with younger age, higher median household income, lower rates of insurance, higher percentage of females, lower percentage of Stage I, more grade 1 tumors, higher percentage of adenocarcinomas, and had less nodes examined, but they had a similar number of nodes positive, nodal density, OS and LCSS. Hispanics had a similar 90-day mortality, but their 30-day mortality was higher than Whites (mean 1.8 vs 1.1%). Of all the ethnic groups, the Japanese presented with a highest mean age (70.9), the highest female predominance (62.3%), and the highest rates of insurance (98.0%), but there was a similar OS and LCSS to Whites. Blacks (58.3%) and Hispanics (59.2%) presented with a lower proportion of patients with Stage I NSCLC as compared to Whites (63.2%), but similar rates were noted in all other ethnic groups. The Other Asian group presented with the highest percentage of adenocarcinomas (78.5%), while American/Alaskan Natives presented with the highest percentage of squamous cell carcinomas (35.6%). The Chinese had the highest proportion of patients receiving a (bi)lobectomy at 86.1%, but the least receiving a pneumonectomy (2.5%) as well as a wedge resection (8.8%). Likewise, the Chinese were least likely to undergo a sub-lobar resection for tumors greater than 2 cm with only 5.0% receiving such treatment. Blacks (8.2), Hispanics (8.5), and Other Asians (8.3) were found to have less mean nodes examined than Whites (9.0), and a higher proportion of patients with positive nodes was noted in the Other Asian group (26 vs 21.8%), but none of the other ethnic groups differed from Whites in terms of the median number of nodes explored or number of nodes positive. The only ethnic group that differed from Whites in regards to nodal density was the Other Asian group, 0.10-Other Asians vs 0.07-Whites. The 30-day mortality was higher in the Hispanic patients, but lower in the Other Race and Japanese ethnic groups. The 90-day survival was significantly higher in the Other Race and Other Asian groups. As compared to Whites, OS and LCSS was significantly greater in the Chinese, South Asian, Other Asian, and the Other Race groups. Unadjusted OS by ethnic group can be found in the Kaplan–Meier survival in Figure 1A.