Single-particle tracking analysis reveals diffusion coefficients of single pEGFP-N1-32x (A) or pEGFP-C1-32x (B) mRNAs in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of HeLa cells. Insets show average diffusion coefficients (mean ± SE) in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Significant difference is indicated with asterisks (P < 0.05). (C) The effect of 2Me/PSLOOP MBs on EGFP protein expression. Total EGFP protein level was assessed using Western blotting 24 h after microporation of 2Me/PSLOOP anti-repeat MBs at concentrations of 0, 1, or 5 µM into HeLa cells stably expressing pEGFP-N1-32x or pEGFP-N1-64x RNAs. Protein expression is normalized to that in cells microporated with 0 µM MB. Total GAPDH protein level was measured as a loading control. Significant difference from 0 µM MBs is indicated with asterisks (P < 0.05). Average spreading (D) and proliferation (E) 24 h after microporation with different concentrations of 2Me/PSLOOP MBs. All data are presented as mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. The images are reproduced with permission from Elsevier .