poly((D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA, Lakeshore Biomaterials, Essen, Germany) was used for scaffold fabrication. The composition ratio of lactic and glycolic acid (LA : GA molar ratio) is 50:50. Molecular weight (Mw, Mn) was 124 kDa and 77 kDa and the glass transition temperature (Tg) was 47.7 °C. For scaffold fabrication, chloroform was employed as a solvent and sodium chloride particles were used as porogen in the scaffold.