Although the recent advances in science have succeeded in development of highly sensitive and specific nucleic-acid based methods, PCR analysis was not performed on the ulcer secretion that was assessed in the present study. The production of antibodies in vitro against bacteria was not meant to replace a highly technologic PCR method in detection of bacteria. We aimed to develop a method to specifically prove the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Upon detection of such bacteria we have recently succeeded to treat several complicated polymicrobial infections focused on gram-positive bacteria with antibiotic therapy including ampicillin or vancomycin . This might have an impact on decreasing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms that colonize chronic wounds. The finding that the SPR method did not detect culture verified bacteria in two ulcer secretions (Table 2), may be due to a low sensitivity of the SPR method. Though we have produced the antibodies at convalescence from lymphocytes of patients that had undergone infection with pathogenic bacteria, another reason for false negative result in two cases might be that the antibodies detect the pathogens with specified epitopes. This mechanism is one of our goals to be investigated in future studies.