The ethnicities of study participants included were White, Asian, Hispanic and African-American. Ethnicity was assessed by self-report. The Asian cohort included individuals of self-reported Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, and Vietnamese descent. The White cohort included only those of European-derived ancestry. Inclusion criteria included: 1) adult patients (18 years or older); 2) self-reported White, Asian, African-American, or Hispanic ethnicity; and 3) optical biometry with the Lenstar (model LS 900, Haag-Streit AG, Koeniz, Switzerland) prior to planned cataract surgery. Exclusion criteria included