Health partnerships have been a part of global health for many years, but have only recently become a significant part of global surgery efforts. Since ISTCs are becoming more prevalent, there are challenges that need to be resolved. Global surgery efforts have been fragmented, because the tendency towards horizontal interventions focused on building health systems and infrastructure, as opposed to vertical interventions focused on specific diseases, has increased more in recent years . Thus, global surgery efforts are often individually initiated, planned, and carried out. There is minimal organization, systematization, or communication between groups. This is increasingly becoming an issue as efforts expand and overlap. Organizations such as the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS), Global Partners in Anesthesia and Surgery (GPAS), Program for Global Surgery and Social Change (PGSSC), and others are working towards making surgery a global health priority and towards increasing recognition of the value of educational collaborations in achieving more equity in the distribution of surgical care worldwide . The LCoGS has added considerable amounts of research to the field and published a landmark paper in 2015 that led to a surge of interest and involvement in global surgery . PGSSC similarly has more recently added research to the field but has also worked with LMICs to create and implement national surgical, obstetric, and anesthesia strategic plans that were suggested by the Lancet Commission’s work. GPAS is one of the earlier global surgery organizations that is geared towards capacity-building, research, and harmonization of global surgery efforts. Additionally, professional bodies such as the College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa (COSECSA), the West African College of Surgeons (WACS), the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS), and the American College of Surgeons (ACS), are increasingly pushing the agenda of global surgery in the academic arena.