The rationale behind the choice of apps was to compare a smoking cessation app that uses CBT against one that does not. Therefore, QG (Figure 1) and NHS SF (Figure 2) were chosen. Figures 1 and 2 represent screenshots of the app interfaces at the time of the data collection. Both apps are gamified, smoking cessation, smartphone apps and offer a number of different features (see Table 2). Gamification refers to the introduction of game-like elements and principles to nongame contexts, with a view to encouraging participation and involvement .