Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation: 4-5 μm sections of paraffin blocks were obtained from the cases. The sections were placed on slides coated with poly-L-lysine. Slides were incubated for 10-15 minutes at 60°C in the incubator. Preparations were stained with OPN (Boster, rabbit polyclonal anti-spp1, 100 µL, 1/20, USA) and Bcl-2 (Boster, rabbit Ig G polyclonal antibody for stathmin (STHMN1), 100 µL, 1/50, USA) by means of an automated staining device (ventana medical system, SN: 712299, REF: 750-700, Arizona, USA). Positive controls were prepared with endometrial cancer tissues for STHMN1 and OPN antibodies, and we also used normal prostate epithelium as internal positive control to both antibodies. The slides were evaluated by an independent, blinded pathologist to re-confirm the diagnosis, GS, and the outcome of patients. Slides stained for STHMN1 and OPN were evaluated under a light microscope. STHMN1 and OPN expression ratios were examined in 4 categories:It was identified as 0 (no staining) negative; <10%, “+” weak; 10-50%, “++” mild; and >50%, “+++” extensive). The staining intensity was assessed and scored as negative (no staining), weak(+1, +2) and strong (+3).10