Based on the above information, we evaluated telomere lengths in tumor cells, CAFs, and TILs in a large cohort of HCCs using telomere‐specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and qPCR. The recently developed FISH‐based method enables accurate measurement of telomere length at single‐cell resolution, greatly facilitating such analysis 18. We found that shortened telomeres in tumor cells and CAFs, rather than in TILs, were independently and significantly associated with the clinical outcome of HCC patients.