Fatty acids taken up by enterocytes are repackaged into complex lipids at the endoplasmic reticulum and are subsequently stored in enterocyte lipid droplets or directed to lipoprotein synthesis for export. Lipid droplets are composed primarily of TGs and CE in the interior, and bounded by a PL monolayer with associated proteins such as perilipins (70). Though the mechanisms by which lipid droplets grow and shrink are well characterized, the regulation of lipid droplet size and number in various tissues is not as well understood, and most current research efforts focus on adipose and hepatic lipid droplets (71). As the intestine is not a site of long-term lipid storage in vertebrates including larval zebrafish, enterocyte lipid droplets are highly dynamic, temporary structures that respond with high sensitivity to the nutritive state of the animal. This property combined with the relative ease of live imaging in the larval zebrafish intestine compared with other animal models makes for an ideal system for the study of lipid droplet dynamics and regulation. When 5 dpf larvae are fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol meal of chicken egg yolk, both the average lipid droplet number per enterocyte and total area of the cell covered by lipid droplets increase significantly by 1 h post-feeding. Lipid droplet number peaks at 1 h and then gradually decreases, while total lipid droplet area is maintained up to 3 h following the meal, suggesting that smaller lipid droplets fuse as they mature (72). The gut microbiota also influence enterocyte lipid droplet number and size. Intestinal lipid droplets are both larger and more numerous in conventionally raised larvae after feeding than in germ-free larvae. Furthermore, conditioned media from a Firmicutes bacterial strain found to promote dietary fatty acid uptake and export to the liver was sufficient to increase enterocyte lipid droplet number but not the average lipid droplet size (69). These results have begun to reveal the diverse mechanisms by which different members of the gut microbiota influence lipid droplet dynamics and dietary lipid metabolism.