Arguably, the concept of cell trafficking as therapy is a counterintuitive one because it opposes traditional ideas about the role of mixing in increasing infection rates . Since antiretroviral therapy is highly effective throughout most of the body, including the peripheral blood, drug sanctuaries in HIV-1 infection are akin to small islands of ongoing replication in a sea of highly effective drug concentrations. In such a situation, it is intuitively appealing that increased trafficking of CD4 T cells could reduce their residency time in drug sanctuaries and contribute to a functional cure for HIV-1 infection.