Importantly, molecular testing is not recommended in patients with an indeterminate thyroid nodule if other indications for surgery are present such as a nodule greater than 4 cm, compressive symptoms, or personal preference (63). The utility of molecular testing in Bethesda Type V nodules at institutions with a high prevalence of malignancy is low, and provides little additional benefit from a “positive” test result due to the similar PPV as that of a Bethesda Type V FNA result. Moreover, a diagnostic lobectomy would still be recommended in the case of a “negative” result. Finally, a limitation of the current molecular markers is their insufficient data to recommend use among pediatric patients (≤18 years) (64). Until these tests can be validated using this patient population, they cannot be routinely used to complement the indeterminate FNA cytology results.