Contrary to findings in a subset of the same children at age 5 (Mbugua et al., 2016), we do not find an effect of immune health in infancy on basal ganglia NAA at either 7 or 9 years, suggesting that subsequent health, or other events during childhood, have a stronger influence on neuronal integrity at these older ages. However, as at age 5, higher CD4/CD8 ratio at enrollment remains associated with higher basal ganglia Cho at age 7, suggesting the effect of early immune health on glial cells may persist for some time.