Hemophagocytic syndrome, also known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is associated with cytokine storm and inflammation, which seriously impact quality of life. HLH is rare, with a lower incidence in adults than in children, and usually presents secondary to cancer, infections, autoimmune, and other diseases. Among infectious diseases, secondary or acquired HLH is commonly associated with viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, and also bacterial infections; secondary HLH can also be caused by TB-HLH.