Western blot analysis was performed as described in a previous report from ours . Primary antibodies used in this study are as follows: PPARγ (ab209350) (1 : 1,500), α-SMA (ab5694), desmin (ab15200), AKT (ab8805), Phospho-AKT (ab81283), PI3K p110β (ab151549), PDE5 (ab14672) (1 : 1,000; ABcam, USA), and PI3K p110α (#4249) (1 : 1,200; Cell Signaling Technology, USA). The primary antibody of GAPDH was diluted at 1 : 1,000–1,500 (Santa Cruz, USA). The secondary HRP-conjugated antibodies were diluted at 1 : 2,500. The blots were detected using the ECL system (Beyotime Biotechnology, China). A LI-COR Odyssey scanner (LICOR) was used to analyze the intensity of bands on the blots.