The harvest of A. flaccida is closely linked with popular culture in Brazil. For example, every year on Good Friday, before sunrise, families go to the fields to harvest A. flaccida infructescence. It is believed that the plant is most effective in the treatment of diseases when the material is harvested in this manner. Achyrocline flaccida is mainly used in the treatment of digestive system disorders [9–12] and for relaxation when used inside of the pillows and blankets . The plant contains several secondary compounds such as flavonoids, flavones, and coffee acids, as well as essential oils and pigments used in the cosmetic and food industry . The species exhibits biological activities such as antioxidant and cytoprotective activities, inhibitory effects on tumors, and mitogenic activity in spleen and antiviral cells. Despite the ecological, medicinal, and cultural importance of the species, population genetic data for A. flaccida is not available in the literature, which makes it difficult to reach conclusions about its real conservation status.