More than three quarters of interviewees reported that they already share data and research tools on request after publication as a standard practice, and that they share with established collaborators before publication. However, outside of the bioinformatics and imaging area, few engaged in large-scale public sharing. Willingness to share varied depending on the data type and the resources involved in their development. Unsurprisingly, interviewees noted that digital data is more shareable. Most said that patients’ clinical and genomic data should be widely shared, subject to consent and ethics protections (Kaye, 2012), due to the limited intellectual contribution made by the researcher who collected the data. Four researchers felt that these data belonged to patients and thus should not be hoarded. On the other hand, two interviewees said it would be unfair to force early sharing of data and materials yielded through resource-intensive processes, such as iPS cell lines, or rare and depletable biosamples. Overall, there was wide agreement among interviewees that it is appropriate to wait until after publication to share experimental data beyond established collaborators. This was true even in the case of bioinformatics and imaging researchers, whom we expected to be the most comfortable with open pre-publication sharing.