Over the past few decades, several technologies based on novel analytical methods have been developed to remove certain metals and organic pollutants from the environment . Unfortunately, many conventional techniques have been found to be ineffective and/or expensive due to low permeability, different subsurface conditions, and contaminant mixtures. Owing to the limitations of traditional methods, researchers have focused on in situ bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to degrade petroleum products or immobilize heavy metal contaminants. Bioremediation strategies have been proposed as potential alternatives for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants due to their safety, speed, low cost, and high efficiency in removing pollutants from the environment.