The results of EDX analyses of the CNCH2SO4 and CNCCr(NO3)3 are given in Table 1. The chemical analysis of both nanocellulose products revealed carbon (C) and oxygen (O) as its major elements. However, the elemental analysis by EDX identified that a small amount of sulfur (S) content was introduced on CNC specimen treated by H2SO4. The trace amounts of sulfur components probably contributed by the sulfate groups that came from H2SO4. In fact, for sulfuric acid hydrolyzed CNC, sulfur will always be present since the sulfate half esters have a role in stabilizing the CNC aqueous suspensions and are introduced during the hydrolysis step. Moreover, the presence of sulfur indicated that the chemical interaction of sulfuric acid with the surface of cellulose fiber, and, most importantly, this also further evidenced that cellulose fiber had been hydrolyzed by H2SO4 during the treatment. Sulfated nanocellulose was believed to be due to the esterification process occurred during the acid hydrolysis according to the procedure as follows : Cellulose–OH + HOSO3H → Cellulose–OSO3H + H2O