Based on the pathophysiological mechanisms described above, the psychoneuroimmunoendocrine axis has been related to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression [4, 55–57] and schizophrenia [56, 58–61], metabolic syndrome [62, 63], rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases [64–72], irritable bowel syndrome [73, 74], periodontal disease [75, 76] and neoplastic diseases [62, 77], and these relationships warrant significant attention. Psychoneuroimmunology represents the challenge of health professionals to achieve multidisciplinary management of each of these pathologies.