In another in vivo study, extracts from Brassica rapa were used for 10 weeks as a part of the diet of overweight human subjects. At the end of the experiment, a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLDL-cholesterol) concentration and a significant reduction in the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, free fatty acid, and adipsin levels were measured . Also, Shah et al.  used extracts from Brassica oleracea leaves to analyze its anti-diabetic effect on rats. After having induced diabetes in rats, animals were fed for 28 days with Brassica oleracea, and then, a significant improvement in body weight and in water and food intake was observed . In rats fed with an atherogenic diet, the assumption of red cabbage, highly rich in anthocyanins, was able to increase faecal lipid excretion, with a reduced risk of tissue lipids, hepatic, and cardiac peroxidation . Moreover, it has been demonstrated that Brassica oleracea kale leaves extracts can inhibit lipid peroxidation in LDL isolated from human volunteers , while extracts from Brassica rapa L. oleifera can suppress postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in mice due to the presence of gluconapin and sinigrin . Finally, it has been proved that the combination of Brassica olearaceae L. and hydrosoluble chitosan was able to reduce triglycerides, serum total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in rats, and that this combination was much more effective than that obtained by combining chitosan and Aloe vera extract . A further protective effect of Brassicaceae is represented by the inhibition of mechanisms regulating the development of cancer. Indeed, a 2-pyrrolidinone rich extract from Brassica oleracea showed in vitro cytotoxicity on HeLa and PC-3 human cancer cell lines, and it also exhibited antioxidant activity in a cell-free system . Adverse effects of compounds that are present in Brassicaceae towards metabolic syndromes are also possible. For example, the potential additive and synergistic effects of flavonoids from Brassicaceae with other molecules could interfere with the bioavailability of specific drugs with a narrow therapeutic index .