Nanomaterials with templated 3D mesoporosity represent another important category of EES materials. They have a high surface area due to the combination of mesopores generated by the organic template and micropores, which exist between nanocrystals. This combination of surface area and mesoporosity which enables electrolyte penetration throughout the material, leads to a higher capacity and rate capability than with non-templated nanocrystalline materials47. Significant improvement in electrochemical performance was observed for several pseudocapacitive metal oxides including Nb2O5, CeO2 and other systems (Fig. 4g)4849.