As an ultrafiltrate of blood, urine possesses analogous protein profiles as are found in peripheral blood and provides a usable catalog of proteins for interpretation of pathophysiologic events in the human body . Sampling urine as compared to blood or prostatic tissue biopsy is a less invasive approach for PCa diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The service of skilled personnel is not required for urine sample collection. In addition to this, urine is abundantly available and permits repeated sampling . Notably, the urinary proteome is less complex compared with the blood proteome and is comparatively stable, the proteins having undergone any likely proteolysis in blood or during storage in the bladder . Hence, there is no need to use protease inhibitors during urine storage . Despite the fact that urine is a very promising disease biomarker source, a major caveat is that its composition is variable depending on the time of the day, dietary intake and the state of health of the individual. Many urinary biomarkers of various diseases have been previously described , albeit only a few of these biomarkers have entered into clinical use [70–73].