Pairwise genetic distances were calculated between 21 ancient and 52 modern populations. Interestingly, pairwise FST values of Avars indicated non-significant differences among nearly all medieval European populations, and from Central Asia, as well as from many modern-day Europeans. The Hungarian conqueror population showed the lowest distances from modern-day Uzbeks and Turkmens (FST = 0.00335 and 0.00489 respectively) and from six ancient populations: medieval Poles (FST = −0.00018), Bronze and Iron Age in present-day Kazakhstan (FST = −0.00164), Bronze Age along the south central Siberian flow of Yenisey River (Minusinsk Hollow) (FST = −0.00208), Siberian Baraba population (FST = −0.01003), Avars (FST = 0.00233), and 6th century Lombards from Hungary (FST value 0.00762), these values were non-significant (p > 0.05). The distances from the ancient populations were visualized on an FST level plot (Fig. 5). The mixed contact zone population has the shortest distances from present-day Iraq (FST = 0.00817), Italy (FST = 0.00923), Czechs (FST = 0.01023) and Avars (FST = 0.01094). For the genetic FST values and their corresponding p-values, see Supplementary Tables S8 and S9.