An essential research question is how the beneficial effects of Qigong meditation on physical and mental health are mediated by neurophysiological processes. Several studies applying electroencephalography (EEG) and fMRI demonstrated changes in brain activity induced by Qigong meditation. Most studies report increases in theta and alpha activity after Qigong meditation. The first studies on the effect of Qigong meditation on electrical brain activity reported alpha activity predominantly in the anterior brain regions (Wallace, 1970). More differentiated results of effects of meditational Qigong techniques on EEG activity are shown dependent on expertise level. Shifts in alpha activation were observed from posterior to anterior regions during Qigong meditation (Zhang et al., 1988a,b; Jang et al., 2004; Qin et al., 2009). Yang et al. (1994) obtained effects of Zhanzhuang Qigong on brain activity. After 1 year of practice, the alpha activity of the right frontal and right temporal regions increased significantly. The beta index of the right frontal and right temporal regions decreased significantly. A synchronization of brain activity was shown. The effects did not occur after half a year of regular Qigong meditation practice. Therefore, it was assumed to be a gradually adjusting process.