We identified studies in RA (n = 4), SARDs (n = 2), and JIA (n = 2) populations; no studies were found for SLE, inflammatory myopathies, or scleroderma as unique entities. With the exception of studies from Sweden and Taiwan, all studies were of North American populations. One abstract each in the conditions of ANCA vasculitis  and Kawasaki Disease  was found, but they did not report risk estimates and thus were not included in the formal synthesis.