Study participants that were not yet screened for HIV by the TB routine staff at the moment of the interview, were invited for screening. Those agreeing to be screened received counseling by the Ministry of Health designated staff and the study field workers drew a sample of blood. An ELISA or a rapid test was done. If positive, the diagnosis of HIV infection requires a confirmatory test (Indirect Immunofluorescence-IFI or Western Blot). ELISA for HIV was done at the Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt. Results were given to the TB staff that delivered the results to patients and managed them accordingly. Patients with a positive test (either obtained by the Ministry of Health routine procedures or by the study) were referred to HIV services (in Peru, these are located in referral hospitals) for a confirmatory test and post test counseling. If HIV was confirmed they were enrolled in the Ministry of Health HIV program where ART is provided free of cost to patients. The criteria to initiate ART  at the time of the study (2010–2011) were: Any symptomatic HIV-positive person with clinical stage B or C regardless CD4 count, any HIV-positive person with a CD4 count of 200 cells / mm3 regardless of clinical stage and other criteria determined by an expert committee. Clinical files of all TB-HIV positive patients were reviewed at the end of their TB treatment. We registered the date in which they were enrolled in the HIV program at the referral facility and the date of ART initiation.