Information from the literature on the 11 identified AIs is presented in Table 248495051525354555657585960616263. Tubb2C, Fbp1, Pdhb, and Gapdhs are all expressed in the sperm tail. Pdha2 is also expressed in haploid germ cells, diploid germ cells, and Sertoli cells. Hsc70t, Gapdhs and Fbp1 are expressed in spermatids. Lrrc34 and Dazap1 are expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids. Thus, Lrrc34, Hsc70t and Dazap1 appear candidate EAO-related AIs based on the present study results and previous literatures. Further, information of TGC-specific AIs by using immunohistochemistry may contribute to elucidate the pathological mechanism of EAO.