Total RNA of transfected cells was isolated using the Trizol reagent and was reverse transcribed to cDNA using ABM’s 5× All-In-One RT Master Mix (Transgen, Beijing, China). For qRT-PCR, SYBR Premix Ex Taq (Takara, Dalian, China) was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The primers were as follows: for CsGRN, forward 5′-CGC GGA TCC TGT AAA TAT AAC CAG ACT TG-3′ and reverse 5′-TTA CTC GAG CGG AGC ACA GGT GTA GTG AT-3′; for MMP2, forward 5′-TAC AGG ATC ATT GGC TAC ACA CC-3′ and reverse 5′-GGT CAC ATC GCT CCA GAC T-3′;for MMP9, forward 5′-TGT ACC GCT ATG GTT ACA CTC G-3′ and reverse 5′-GGC AGG GAC AGT TGC TTC T-3′; for human actin, forward 5′-GGC ACT CTT AGC CTT CCT TCC T-3′ and reverse 5′-GCC AGA CAG CAC TGT GTT GGC GT-3′. Reactions were conducted under the following conditions: 95 °C for 30 s, 40 cycles of 95 °C for 5 s, and 60 °C for 20 s. The melting curves were analysed automatically by a collection of the fluorescence signals, and the expression of mRNA was calculated and normalised using the 2-ΔΔCt method relative to actin with CFX96 software (Bio-Rad, Hercules, USA). Independent experiments were performed in triplicate.