Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that a total of 44 DEGs, including 40s and 60s ribosomal protein genes, are significantly upregulated; only ribosomal protein L3 and 40S ribosomal protein S26-like are significantly downregulated in the secretion phase of AG (Figure 4). Histological observation has shown that the secretion phase of AG has developed more rough endoplasmic reticulum and abundant free ribosome, while the synthesis of material is more active to maintain the secretion function compared with the proliferation phase . The developmental cytology of the androgenic gland cells can be distinctly divided into proliferation phase and secretion phase . Cells of the newly formed parts of the androgenic gland are generally located on the surface of the subterminal portion of the ejaculatory duct near the base of the penis. And the structure of the gland changed greatly during testis development cycle. Later, cells of androgenic gland increase in size, becoming multinucleated and vacuolated .