The importance of catalysts with high catalytic activity in achieving “green” or sustainable chemistry has been well documented1. The benefit of high catalytic activity is not limited to reducing the amount of catalyst used. Catalysts with superior activity have the potential to promote unprecedented chemical transformations. As shown in Fig. 1, in the reaction of a nucleophile (Nu) with an electrophile (E), conventional catalysts are used for the synthesis of the 1:1 coupling adduct Nu-E (eq. 1).Figure 1Reaction of a nucleophile (Nu) with an electrophile (E).