To further study the potential downstream effectors modulated by CsGRN promotion progression of HCC and CCA, we also tested the signalling molecules AKT and ERK using Western blotting. Our results showed that the expression of p-ERK and p-AKT were dynamically changed when p-ERK reached a peak in 4 weeks after immunisation while p-AKT did at 2 weeks. These data implied that the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways participated in the promotion of EMT induced by CsGRN, and they might not be activated at the same time.