In our sample all neurons exhibited clear orientation selectivity. In the majority (73.5%; 11/15), PTV cooling did not induce clear changes in the optimal orientation. In particular, in all but four cells (4/15; 26.5%), the optimal orientations during inactivation were either the same or differed by no more than 15° from their control optimal orientations (Figures 3A,Bi,Bii). Note that only in one cell, the optimal orientation after rewarming PTV differed by more than 10° from that before inactivation of PTV (Figures 3Biii,iv).