Whole genome mRNA expression microarray data and clinical information of 220 glioma samples and 5 normal brain tissues were obtained from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database (http://www.cgga.org.cn) and used as discovery set . Three validation sets are The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA, http://cancergenome.nih.gov), Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT, https://caintegrator.nci.nih.gov/rembrandt/) and GSE16011 data (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE16011).