The PCA of the investigated ancient and modern Eurasian populations demonstrated the clustering of most modern European populations by PC1, PC2, and PC3. Furthermore, their affinities to modern Near Eastern populations are represented by PC1 and PC3, whereas the modern Asian populations are dispersed along PC1. The conqueror population has a similar haplogroup composition to modern Central Asians and Finno-Ugric populations, which is also supported by Ward type clustering. While Avars rather showed modern European connections, the contact zone population had a Near Eastern type haplogroup composition (Supplementary Figs S2 and S3).