The purpose of our investigation was to assess difference in outcomes (OS and 30/90 day mortality), presentation, and treatment in nine different ethnic groups who underwent surgical resection of NSCLC. As compared to Whites, the unadjusted OS and LCSS was significantly greater in the Chinese, South Asian, Other Asian, and the Other Race groups. After multivariable adjustment, OS was significantly better than Whites in all groups except for AI/ANs, Japanese, Blacks, and Hispanics who had a similar OS. Despite presenting with higher stage tumors, lower median incomes, lower rates of insurance, less nodes examined, less grade 1 tumors, and lower marriage rates, the OS and LCSS of the Black group were not significantly different than that of the Whites. In comparison to the White group, Hispanics had a similar LCSS, but had an improved OS despite having a higher unadjusted 30-day mortality. Although Hispanics presented with a lower percentage of Stage I patients, lower marriage rates, less nodes examined, and lower rates of insurance, they presented with many better prognostic features compared to the Whites including higher income, lower tumor grades, younger age, higher percentage of female patients, and a higher percentage of adenocarcinomas. The Chinese and Other Asian groups were more likely to receive a (bi)lobectomy than the Whites, but the other ethnic groups largely did not differ in the type of surgical procedure. The reason for the higher 30-day mortality (unadjusted) in the Hispanic population is currently unknown, but the all other populations had a similar or better (Japanese or Other Race) 30-day survival to the White population. Although the unadjusted 90-day mortality was lower in the Other Asian and Other Race populations, there was no difference between the other ethnic groups and the Whites. However, the MVA demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the ethnic groups as compared to Whites. It should be noted that we included stage IV patients in this analysis of patients undergoing a definitive surgical procedure because a satellite nodule in a different lobe of the ipsilateral lung was classified by the AJCC staging as metastatic until 2010 when the new AJCC seventh edition classified this situation as T4 (11). The percentage of each ethnic group undergoing a definitive surgical procedure for Stage IV disease varied from 4.5 to 9.8%. Only the Hispanic group had significantly different percentage of Stage IV patients than the White patients (9.8% of Hispanics vs 6.9% of Whites). Two thousand five hundred sixty three patients with Stage IV tumors underwent a definitive surgical procedure. One thousand six hundred twenty-seven patients were classified as having tumors nodules in different ipsilateral lobes during the years 2007–2009. One thousand one hundred twenty-nine underwent a sub-lobar resection (966 wedge, 92 segmentectomy, and 71 sub-lobar, NOS). Although some patients may have undergone a diagnostic wedge procedure, we assume that most of the remaining patients who did not have tumor nodules in different ipsilateral lobes (N = 936) may have been found to have metastatic disease shortly after their surgical procedure. However, the performance of staging investigations and their timing in relation to surgical procedures is not available in SEER. Nevertheless, after removing the patients who would now be re-classified as having Stage III NSCLC, the numbers were too small for further characterization of these patients by ethnicity.