Numbers represent the ranking of a scale relative to the other scales. More than one number assigned to a motivation scale (e.g., 2-3-4) means that the scale shares the rankings indicated by these numbers with other scales for the activity. St. denotes Student; Pst. denotes Postdoc; Assi.P. denotes Assistant Professor; Asso.P denotes Associate Professor, and F.P. denotes Full Professor.