Controlled cross-pollinations were carried out between two confirmed beech scale resistant American beech trees 1505 (R) and 1504 (R) in Ludington State Park, MI (USA) as previously described to create the mapping population . Additional cross-pollinations were carried out on grafted containerized ramets of the parents in 2010 to supplement the original family (N = 46), bringing the total number of progeny to 117.