When S decreases to be less than unity, e.g., S = 0.7, the network exhibits a different dynamical feature. Upon CS exposure (S = 0.7), the network dynamical behaviors [Figs 5(B) and 6(B)] are similar (with smaller amplitudes) to those at S = 1.67 in the acute phase [Figs 2(B) and 3(B)]. After step 1, however, M1 together with other proinflammatory elements including Iα and I6 decreases to a low-level steady state (Figs 5 and 6) owing to the suppression of IL-10. Consequently, TD maintains at a rather low level (<5%) when the system reaches a steady state (Fig 7), indicating that COPD does not occur. Compared to the case of S = 1.67 (Figs 2–4), M2 (along with Tg, I10, and Iβ) (Figs 5–7) starts to predominate over M1 (with other proinflammatory components) during step 2 and remains predominant thereafter to a steady state where COPD does not occur.