Aside from the application of TCRSs in the development of engineered microorganisms for coupled detection and degradation of environmental pollutants, recently, the potential application of TCRSs to metabolically engineered microorganisms has also been extensively examined for different biotechnological purposes. Thus, the recent advances in TCRS-based biosensors designed for cell-mediated bioremediation in response to different environmental pollutants are discussed along with the potential application of TCRSs for the development of engineered host microorganisms in biorefinery process to produce bio-based chemicals.