Education and confirmation runs were performed, over two days, at 95 weeks of age, in the maze layout used in the assessment of spatial orientation and learning (Layout 2, Fig. 5). The education runs were completed when a sheep was able to traverse the maze within 1 min on two successive attempts. The retention of this ability was tested in the confirmation run, which consisted of two attempts to complete the maze within 1 min. If unsuccessful, sheep repeated the cycle of education and confirmation runs, with a maximum of 3 cycles within the same day. The total number of attempts during the education and confirmation runs was recorded for each ram, together with the quickest traverse time, to serve as a measure of the ease of training.