This study identified 11 AIs using serum autoantibodies from TGC-induced EAO mice. AIs related to testicular autoimmunity have been previously identified using various methods. Primakoff et al.38 and Tung et al.39 identified that immunization of male guinea pigs with the sperm surface protein sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1, PH-20) reproducibly resulted in infertility. They demonstrated that EAO could be induced in guinea pigs immunized with PH-20 + CFA, but they could not induce EAO by the same method in mice3839. Recently, Fijak et al. reported that disulphide isomerase endoplasmic reticulum 60, heat-shock 70 kDa protein 5, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1, and sperm outer dense fiber major protein 2 are AIs related to rat EAO in a TH + CFA + BP-induced EAO model36. The mice injected with these proteins in CFA had induced EAO at a rate of 25%. PH-20, disulphide isomerase endoplasmic reticulum 60, heat-shock 70 kDa protein 5, and sperm outer dense fiber major protein 2 were expressed in the testis and epididymis in humans and mice40414243. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 was expressed at testicular somatic cells, including Sertoli and Leydig cells, at 0 and 1 week old in mice36. Additional expression was observed in spermatocytes and spermatids at 12 weeks in humans and mice44. Moreover, following mRNA analysis, it was found that sperm outer dense fiber major protein 2 is expressed in the ovary and uterus45, and heat-shock 70 kDa protein 5 is expressed in the lung, pancreas islet, and kidney46. Ten of our 11 detected proteins detected are novel AIs that have not been reported.