Significant grey matter associations of emotion identification and EMG reactivity for the patient cohort are summarised in Table 3 (all thresholded at pFWE < 0.05 within pre-specified anatomical regions of interest); statistical parametric maps are presented in Fig. 3.Table 3Neuroanatomical correlates of emotion identification and reactivity in patient groups.GroupRegionSideClusterPeak (mm)T scorePFWE(voxels)xyz Emotion identification bvFTDAnterior cingulateL196−844125.590.003Anterior insulaL123−302704.070.047Supplementary motor areaL5−104503.810.044Opercular IFGL32−5712185.140.003Anteromedial temporal:Temporal poleL2133−328−385.110.010Amygdala−242−384.940.015Fusiform gyrus−30−9−384.820.019rtvFTDSupplementary motor areaL34−3−10574.150.022Temporo-occipital junctionR1866−50−84.060.038svPPASTG/STSL536−58−30147.210.005Supplementary motor areaL19−4−2504.230.019Opercular IFGL25−5712185.050.003Anterior cingulateL24−24434.110.042Fusiform gyrusR4422−4−444.430.042nfvPPASupplementary motor areaL37−4−2504.140.023Opercular IFGL9−528183.960.033 Facial EMG reactivity bvFTDSupplementary motor areaL12−8−9563.990.030Temporo-occipital junctionL25−54−45−44.290.064rtvFTDTemporo-occipital junctionR862−6223.960.046svPPAParahippocampal gyrusL59−20−28−244.250.028Parahippocampal gyrusR7218−33−185.250.003nfvPPAPrimary visual cortexR29112−8035.920.001Primary motor cortexR521568275.430.007Supplementary motor areaR1888684.420.012The table presents regional grey matter correlates of mean overall emotion identification score and facial EMG reactivity (as defined in Fig. 1) during viewing of facial expressions in the four patient groups, based on voxel-based morphometry. Coordinates of local maxima are in standard MNI space. P values are all significant after family-wise error (FWE) correction for multiple voxel-wise comparisons within pre-specified anatomical regions of interest (see text). bvFTD, patient group with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (excluding right temporal cases); IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; nfvPPA, patient group with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia; rtvFTD, patient subgroup with right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia; STG/S, superior temporal gyrus/sulcus; svPPA, patient group with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.Figure 3Neuroanatomical correlates of emotion identification and EMG reactivity for each syndromic group. Statistical parametric maps (SPMs) show regional grey matter volume positively associated with overall emotion identification accuracy and facial EMG reactivity during viewing of emotional facial expressions, based on voxel-based morphometry of patients’ brain MR images (see also Table 3); T-scores are coded on the colour bar. SPMs are overlaid on sections of the normalised study-specific T1-weighted mean brain MR image; the MNI coordinate (mm) of the plane of each section is indicated (coronal and axial sections show the left hemisphere on the left). Panels code syndromic profiles of emotion identification (ID) or EMG reactivity (EMG). Note that the correlates of emotion identification and EMG reactivity in different syndromes overlapped in particular brain regions, including supplementary motor cortex and temporo-occipital junction (see Table 3). SPMs are thresholded for display purposes at p < 0.001 uncorrected over the whole brain, however local maxima of areas shown were each significant at p < 0.05 after family-wise error correction for multiple voxel-wise comparisons within pre-specified anatomical regions of interest (see Table 3). bvFTD, patient group with behavioural variant FTD; nfvPPA, patient group with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia; rtvFTD, patient subgroup with right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia; svPPA, patient group with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.