One reason that a Yes/No recognition test with similar lures reveals greater age-related effects than do typical tests of item recognition may be related to the increased demands it places on recollection-based retrieval strategies (Migo, Montaldi, Norman, Quamme, & Mayes, 2009; Norman, 2010). In particular, because targets and foils are perceptually similar and therefore both highly familiar, it is difficult to reliably distinguish targets from lures using a strength-based criterion alone. Instead, participants must use a recollection-based retrieval strategy (i.e., recall-to-reject) to support performance (Migo et al., 2009). This strategy describes the process of disqualifying an exemplar as having been studied by first recalling details of the studied target, and then detecting a mismatch between the target and the lure (Brainerd, Reyna, Wright, & Mojardin, 2003; Gallo, 2004). Critically, the ability to use this strategy successfully requires both that sufficient information about the target is available to disqualify the lure as having been studied, as well as the ability to selectively retrieve and evaluate stored details about the target. Thus, age-related increases in false recognition could plausibly arise due to declines in either of these factors, or a combination of the two.