Atomically thin, 2D materials have a well-established set of excellent mechanical properties, some of which, for graphene, are unmatched; these characteristics have direct and essential relevance in the context of 3D assembly17–19. In fact, recent work demonstrates that graphene can be built into common, kirigami-type structures and in mechanical metamaterials such as stretchable electrodes, springs, and hinges20,21. The assembly approaches in these cases, however, rely on externally imposed forces, with limited ability to address complex, 3D architectures and/or functional systems that form naturally in a parallel fashion with the requisite heterogeneous collection of patterned materials.