Although in all area 19 cells, inactivation resulted in some changes in their orientation-tuning curves, substantial (≥20° change in WHH) widening (2/10 cells) or narrowing (1/10 cell) were rare (Figure 3Ci). Furthermore, in case of one of these cells, after rewarming of PTV there was still a substantial (>20°) difference in WHH of orientation-tuning with that in control run (Figure 3Cii). Overall, in cells in which inactivation caused widening of orientation-tuning curves, their mean WHH during inactivation was 55° (±34.2°) vs. 45.3° (±26.7°) before inactivation. In the case of cells in which inactivation resulted in the opposite effect, their mean WHH during cooling was 40.8° (±19.6°) vs. 47.4° (±18.7°) before inactivation.