One leaf sample for each inoculation treatment was collected from three replicate vines (biological replicates) both before (T0, 3rd leaf) and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) (T2, 4th leaf) (three replicates for each of two collection times for each of two inoculations conditions = 12 samples). Tissues were immediately stored in liquid nitrogen and transferred to the laboratory for RNA extraction. Total RNA was extracted using a Spectrum Plant Total RNA kit (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), after grinding frozen tissue to a fine powder with mortar and pestle. Barcoded, strand-specific, mRNA multiplexed libraries were prepared as previously described (Zhong et al. 2011). Each library was single-end (100 bp) sequenced on a HiSeq 2000 (Illumina Inc., USA) at the Genomics Facility of the Institute of Biotechnology at Cornell University.