The human synuclein family has 3 members, α-synuclein, β-synuclein, and γ-synuclein . α-Synuclein and β-synuclein are predominantly localized at presynaptic nerve terminals in the CNS . In contrast, γ-synuclein is abundant in the peripheral nervous system . β-Synuclein protects neurons against apoptosis induced by staurosporine and 6-hydroxydopamine, which is linked to the suppression of p53 transcriptional activity . Thus, the increased expression of β-synuclein could protect against neuronal apoptosis in diabetes-induced dementia.