Effect of overexpressing transcription factor E2F1. Human blood monocytes differentiated for 4 days were infected with a recombinant adenovirus overexpressing transcription factor E2F1 or control destabilized, enhanced green fluorescent protein at 5 × 107 plaque forming units/ml for 20 h. IFN-γ or interleukin-4 (IL-4) were then added for 18 h in fresh medium. (A) Overexpression of E2F1 protein was determined using Western blotting. (B) Levels of Cyclin E mRNA or (C) proliferating cell nuclear antigen mRNA were quantified using RT-qPCR. Concentrations of mRNA for (D) AURKB, (E) ESCO2, (F) SUV39H1, and (G) WHSC1 are expressed relative to untreated Ad:control. p Values were calculated using ANOVA with Student–Newman–Keuls post-test. *indicates p < 0.05, **indicates p < 0.01, ***indicates p < 0.001, compared with Ad:control #indicates p < 0.05 compared with Ad:control + IL-4 and AdE2F1 alone. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 4 blood donors.