China still is a developing country with most areas undeveloped economically. At present, most blood centers cannot afford NAT, thus most donations are routinely screened with two ELISA tests for HBsAg in China. This issue has been brought to the attention of the relevant authorities of the Chinese Government, which have decided to pilot NAT testing for HBV, HCV, and HIV in all provincial blood centers in 2015 during blood donor screening . This study aims to evaluate the residual risk (RR) of HBV infections in China before the implementation of NAT. This study will provide helpful data to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of NAT in China. Available data about the prevalence, incidence, and RR of HBV infections among Chinese blood donors is limited. In 2013, Wuping Li and his colleagues reported their findings on the prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of HBV infections in the Anhui Blood Center from 2009 to 2011 . However, that study was based on the data from one single blood center, which is the limitation of that study.