While continuous GnRHa-treatment may limit psychological problems in CPP, the decision to commence GnRHa-treatment needs further exploration (Carel et al., 2009) as proper parental and physician support might be an alternative intervention (Hayes, 2016). It has been suggested by Steinberg (2004) that a special window of susceptibility to psychosocial and psychopathological conditions exists during adolescence, which is created by the temporal gap between the onset of puberty and late adolescence. At the onset of puberty there are changes in the limbic system and increasing reward sensitivity, whereas the maturation of the prefrontal cortex is slower and age-dependent so that self-regulatory systems are only developed in late adolescence. In this regard, early-maturing children would experience a greater vulnerability towards risk-taking and novelty-seeking behavior, as well as psychopathological conditions, than children that enter puberty at an older age (Steinberg, 2004). This is evidenced by correlations between early pubertal onset and a relatively young age of first sexual intercourse, increased incidence of drug and alcohol abuse, as well as increased risk of sexual abuse (Mul and Hughes, 2008, Kim and Lee, 2012, Hayes, 2016). Against this background, the reduction in long-term spatial memory following peripubertal GnRHa, as observed in the rams in this study, might not outweigh the risks involved in withholding this treatment, but provides evidence that some cognitive functions may be irreversibly altered by peripubertal GnRHa-treatment. Further investigation on other potential cognitive and psychosocial effects are required – including whether these effects are reversible or sexually dimorphic – to assist in making informed decisions about the timing of the commencement and discontinuation of peripubertal GnRHa-treatment.