The disturbance of chloroplast components and functions is largely responsible for the chlorosis symptoms that are associated with virus infection. Chloroplast is not only the organelle that conducts photosynthesis but also the site for the biosynthesis of SA and JA, two major phytohormones that play roles in disease and resistance. Zhao et al. review the different aspects of chloroplast during plant-virus interactions, particularly focusing on the interactions between chloroplast and viral proteins that underlie the interplay between chloroplast and virus. Liu et al. review the major advances that have been made recently in identifying both the virulence/avirulence factors of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and mapping of SMV resistant genes in soybean. A special focus is given to the progress made in dissecting the SMV resistant signaling pathways using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Romay and Bragard review the latest progress in plant antiviral defenses mediated by genome editing systems (GES). TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 have been applied to generate resistance against plant viruses in the families of Geminiviridae and Potyviridae. Interestingly, the newly developed CRISPR-Cas systems using new versions of Cas9 proteins, capable to cleave ssRNA molecules, can be applied to target RNA viruses (Sampson et al., 2013; Abudayyeh et al., 2016). One advantage of genome editing is that the transgenes can be removed via segregation after editing. Some genome-edited crops have already been made available without being restricted by the US Department of Agriculture (Waltz, 2016). The other advantage of genome editing is that multiple alleles or genes can be edited simultaneously.