Treatment with atorvastatin prior to the bacterial infection had anti-inflammatory effects per se in the infected lung of both SB and MV animals according to TNF-α concentrations, as reported in vitro [9, 25]. It has been shown that human alveolar macrophages incubated with simvastatin released lower amounts of inflammatory mediators in response to a TLR2 agonist, and statin pretreatment decreased lung inflammation following lipopolysaccharide inhalation in volunteers [9, 26].