The relative contribution of each of these factors to elevated rates of lure false recognition among older adults remains unclear. On the one hand, existing evidence suggests that aging negatively affects the ability the implement controlled and strategic retrieval processes, relative to more spontaneous and automatic processes (Jennings & Jacoby, 1993; Yonelinas, 2002). For example, older adults typically exhibit disproportionate deficits in memory performance under conditions that place similar demands on recollection-based retrieval strategies, such as rejecting recombined pairs in an associative recognition test (Castel & Craik, 2003; Cohn, Emrich, & Moscovitch, 2008), or rejecting studied items from a nontarget source in an exclusion paradigm (Gallo, Bell, Beier, & Schacter, 2006; Jennings & Jacoby, 1993). Conversely, age differences are typically absent when performance can be supported based on the presence or absence of item familiarity, such as endorsing studied pairs and rejecting experimentally novel foils (Cohn et al., 2008; Gallo et al., 2006; Yonelinas, 2002). As the ability to strategically retrieve and evaluate stored details appears to be impaired with age, this factor alone could account for elevated rates of false recognition among older adults.