The dependent variable was uncontrolled HTN, which was defined as having a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg for patients without co-morbidity or having SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 80 mmHg for patients with co-morbidity . The primary explanatory variable, task shifting, was defined as the management of HTN at HCs level.