We compare various versions of DISTIQUE, described below, against each other, and against ASTRAL-II , which is a quartet-based method, the ASTRID  (a new implementation of the NJst algorithm ), which is a distance-based method, and concatenation using RAxML  (CA-ML). ASTRAL and NJst are statistically consistent summary methods and, like DISTIQUE, work on unrooted gene trees and species trees (most other approaches such as MP-EST and STAR need rooted input). Also, these two are among the most accurate summary methods [3 , 4 , 21 , 22 , 51].