Following the behavioral results, we subdivided the sample in women with either low or high endogenous T concentrations. OT-treated women with high endogenous T showed significantly enhanced activation in the left and right putamen in the contrast of “baby vs. adult target” in association with the individual Delta-RTs as an indicator of enhanced selective attention to babies (i.e., a positive correlation). The positive correlation with the left putamen also surpassed the statistical criterion (MNI-coordinates [t-value; pFWEcorr] −21, 14, −11 [5.97; 0.005]; Fig. 2b), while the one with the right putamen was significant at p < 0.001, uncorrected (MNI-coordinates [t-value] 30, −1, 13 [5.33]; Fig. 2b). OT-treated participants with low endogenous T and participants of the placebo group did not show this positive correlation between activation in the putamen and selective attention to babies. The brain-behavior correlations based on the parameter estimates extracted from the left and the right putamen supported these results (Fig. 2c; Table S3).