Histone/DNA complexes in sera and plasma were measured using the Human Cell Death Detection ELISAPLUS (Roche Diagnostics) (24, 38). The concentrations of NE in sera and plasma were measured by sandwich ELISA, utilizing the Elastase/a1-PI Complex ELISA Kit (Calbiochem) (24, 38). For the detection of MPO in sera and plasma, the Hycult Biotech ELISA Kit was used (24, 38). For the detection of A1AT in sera and plasma, the AssayPro ELISA Kit was used. TNF-α concentrations in sera and plasma were assessed by sandwich ELISA with Human TNF-α DuoSet ELISA Kit (R&D Systems).