Data were analyzed using R statistical software (R Development Core Team, 2016). Prior to analyses, data were divided into two sections: t = 12 h and t = 24 h to assess the effect of ‘trial’ (i.e. temperature regime shared by all experimental groups), and t = 48 h through t = 120 h to test experimental effects of temperature and time. In the case of glycogen, WB glucose, WB lactate, HSP70 (liver & RBC) and liver Ub, data were log-transformed to meet the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity. A linear model two-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the main effects of independent variables (thermal cycle and time point) and the inherent interaction effect on indicators of physiological and energetic stress. In case of a significant interaction between sampling time point and thermal cycle, a one-way ANOVA was used to discern differences between temperature treatments at individual time points. Pre-thermal stress sampling time points were treated in a similar fashion with the exception of the CTMax data, as only one pre-thermal stress time point occurred. In this instance, a linear one-way ANOVA was used to test for the effect of trial. When appropriate, a subsequent Tukey post-hoc test was used. In all cases, α = 0.05 and values were expressed as mean ± SEM. Although our study does not use a repeated measures design, line graphs are presented for a clearer view of trends within the data.