Typhoid is another gastrointestinal (GI) infection that warrants antimicrobial therapy. Though it is classically described as causing constipation, it can present with diarrhoea in a significant percentage of patients, especially later in the disease course. Antibiotics in this case greatly alter the natural disease course and have greatly decreased the mortality caused by typhoid. C. difficile colitis, a possible complication of antibiotic use (as mentioned above) may require administration of metronidazole (oral/intravenous) or vancomycin (orally).22