We apologize for not making this clear. As far as anyone knows, the mechanism of membrane insertion by rearrangement of the conserved domains 1 – 4 is the same for all CDCs. What we meant was that the exact pathways by which the membrane-inserted toxin monomers assemble into pores may differ between species. While most CDCs form circular pores, a small number of bacteria, for example Listeria monocytogenes or Streptococcus pyogenes, give rise to slit-like or arch-shaped pores. However, the structure of the membrane-inserted monomers in these slit-like or arch-shaped pores would be essentially the same as the membrane-inserted form of PLY. Therefore, compounds that interfere with refolding and membrane insertion of soluble monomers would prevent infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae and other CDC-producing Gram-positive bacteria. We have modified the last paragraph of the revised manuscript as follows: