Cell migration and invasion triggered by CsGRN in the transwell assay. PLC-GFP/GRN cells (a) or RBE-GFP/GRN cells (c) were suspended in serum-free media for 24 h. PLC-GFP cells and RBE-GFP cells were the negative control. Invasion assays were performed using Matrigel-coated membranes. The migration assay was similar to the invasion assay, except that the upper side of the membranes was not coated with the matrigel. Cells attached to the lower surface of the membranes at 24 h were counted under a light microscope. Cells were observed using a light microscope under a 10× objective (scale-bar: 100 μm). Ten random visual fields were selected to quantify the migration and invasion (b and d) using Image J software. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with control group