The condition of maternal and child health equality is not optimistic in China, which is the largest developing country. China has fully committed to the MDGs and has achieved 13 MDG targets over the past 15 years. The under-five child mortality rate dropped from 61.0% in 1991 to 12.0% in 2013, the gap in the child mortality rate between urban and rural areas narrowed from 1:3.4 to 1:2.4, the maternal mortality rate declined from 88.8 per 100,000 in 1990 to 23.2 per 100,000 in 2013, and the maternal mortality rate between rural and urban areas narrowed from 1:2.2 to 1:1.1 . However, an obvious gap in key maternal and child health indicators still exists between urban and rural areas and among different regions. A notable difference remains in the mortality rates of newborns and children under 5 years of age between rural and urban areas. Differences can also be seen among various regions. According to data from the China Health Statistical Yearbook, the MMR and U5MR in the western region are 2.6 and 3.1 times higher, respectively, than the rates in the eastern region . A study in China’s poorest rural areas showed infant mortality rates (IMRs) that were approximately 5 times higher in China’s poorest rural areas compared to the richest regions (123 and 26 per thousand in the poorest and richest areas, respectively) . China’s 10-year follow-up survey showed that the U5MR among the poorest people (accounting for one-fifth of the population) was 6 times the U5MR among the richest people (accounting for one-fifth of the population). The U5MR was only 10% in the richest big cities but was 64% in poor rural areas. An approximately three-fold difference was found in the malnutrition rate of children under 5 years of age between urban and rural areas. The incidence of childhood stunting was 17.3% in rural areas and only 4.9% in urban areas, and the incidence of low birth weight infants was 9.3% in rural areas and only 3.1% in urban areas .