Myelomeningocele (MMC) is usually associated with a type II Chiari hindbrain malformation, ventriculomegaly, and hydrocephalus [124, 125]. Chiari type II malformation is the downward displacement of the cerebellar vermis into the cervical vertebral canal [22, 125]. It is often symptomatic and is diagnosed prenatally with ultrafast fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [126, 127]. This malformation causes elongation of the brain stem and obliteration of the fourth ventricle, leading to obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation and development of hydrocephalus in 90% of patients . Treatment of such accompanying hydrocephalus is needed in about 82% of cases and involves draining of cerebrospinal fluid into either the peritoneal or other body cavity via a subcutaneous shunt .