We included all rodent (e.g. mouse and rat) studies reported in full-text publications. Which used d-galactose to induce features of ageing We included any route of administration, dose, and dose timing and frequency. The primary outcome measure was cognition-related neurobehavioral outcome and secondary outcome measures were changes in the abundance of biochemical markers MDA, GSH-px, SOD, protein carbonyl (PC), Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and AChE (acetylcholine esterase).