Statistical evaluations showed the significant differences between SCI-MO, SCI-hUCBSC, and SCI-MO-hUCBSC groups when compared with SCI group based on the number of ventral horn lower motor neurons, F(5, 30) = 30.86, p < .001. Application of post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test as well as Bartlett’s test for equal variances revealed significant increase in the number of ventral horn motor neurons in SCI-MO (p < .05), SCI-hUCBSC, and SCI-MO-hUCBSC (p < .001) treatment groups when compared with SCI group. Moreover, application of one-way ANOVA showed significant difference in SCI-MO-hUCBSC group when compared with SCI-MO (p < .001) and SCI-hUCBSC (p < .05) groups (Figures 7 and 8). Figure 7.Effect of hUCBSC-MO treatment on cell loss in ventral horn of spinal cord after injury. Intraperitoneal injection of MO (150 mg/kg) was started one day after injury and continued once a day for 14 days after injury. Intraspinal grafting of hUCBSCs was started 24 hr after injury. Data are represented as mean number of ventral horn motor neurons ± SEM (n = 5–7) and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. ***p < .001 shows significant difference between SCI versus intact. #p < .05 and ###p < .001 versus spinal cord injury. Φ show significant difference between SCI-MO-hUCBSC and SCI-hUCBSC (p < .05). $$$ shows significant difference between SCI-MO-hUCBSC and SCI-MO (p < .05, p < .01, and p < .001, respectively). Note. hUCBSCs = human umbilical cord blood stem cells; MO = Melissa officinalis; SCI = spinal cord injury; SEM = standard error of the mean; ANOVA = analysis of variance. Figure 8.Transverse section of spinal cord showing the lower motor neurons in ventral horn of spinal cord at the level of T12-L1 of all groups which were evaluated in this study on Day 56. H&E staining showing shrinkage and reduction in ventral horn motor neurons in SCI group in comparison with SCI-MO, SCI-hUCBSC, and SCI-hUCBSC-MO groups. Black arrows illustrate the ventral horn motor neurons (400×). a = SCI, b = SCI-hUCBSC, c = SCI-MO, d = SCI-MO-hUCBSC. Note. H&E = hematoxylin and eosin; hUCBSC = human umbilical cord blood stem cell; MO = Melissa officinalis; SCI = spinal cord injury.