For the wavelet analysis, each signal was padded with NAs to obtain a number of bins equal to a power of two. As such, any wavelet coefficient influenced by edge effects would also be NA, and hence excluded from analysis. Using each annotation as the signal, we applied a DWT, as implemented in the WMTSA R package, and using the Haar wavelet function to yield detail and smoothing coefficients for scales from 2 to 3,278 kb27.