In apicomplexan parasites, previous reports have indicated the presence of glycosyl-ceramide and SM in P. falciparum and T. gondii, as summarized in Zhang et al (2010). However, other findings reported the presence of EPC in T. gondii (Welti et al. 2007) and, more recently, IPC (Pratt et al. 2013). The latter study also characterized T. gondii SLS as demonstrating IPC synthase activity in vitro (Pratt et al. 2013).