To validate associations between glycosylation and disease activity during pregnancy, the difference in DAS28(3)-CRP [ΔDAS28(3)-CRP] and glycosylation (Δglycosylation) was established between the first trimester and third trimester of pregnancy (third trimester − first trimester). The association between these was established by linear regression [Δglycosylation ~ β1·ΔDAS28(3)-CRP] (Table S7 in Supplementary Material). This process was similarly performed for the determination of the relationship between ΔDAS28(3)-CRP and Δglycosylation during the postpartum period, which was established between the third trimester of pregnancy and 12 weeks postpartum time point (12 weeks postpartum − third trimester). The time point at 12 weeks postpartum was chosen for the calculation because it displayed the highest disease activity after delivery, since most patients had already restarted anti-rheumatic therapy afterward.