When comparing the two nanocellulose production procedures, the important differences are noticed in terms of environmental impact, productivity, fiber quality, and economic point of view. For CNCH2SO4 production, concentrated sulfuric acid (64 wt %) is required; however, the strong acidic waste effluent is a potentially harmful hazard to the biological system or nearby environment if the acidic wastewater is being discharged without any purification treatment. Therefore, it is a necessary step to neutralize this acid waste with base chemicals (i.e., KOH, NaOH, or NaHCO3) in the waste neutralization system before it can be safely released into the environment. In contrast, the Cr3+-containing solution produced from the Cr(NO3)3 catalytic system can be treated using several effective methods . Among these techniques, chemical precipitation is worth mentioning as it is the most effective way for converting the Cr3+ to Cr(OH)3 via precipitation process with the presence of aqueous ammonia or sodium hydroxide. For commercial use, Cr(OH)3 is widely used as a pigment, mordant, and catalyst for organic reactions. This means that Cr(NO3)3 catalyst can not only produce value-added nanocellulose (solid residue) from the low-cost cellulosic feedstock, the generated supernatant may also be transferred into another useful byproduct, rather than discharged into the wastewater treatment plant without any profit. Approximately 9 kg of H2SO4 is required to produce 1 kg of CNCH2SO4 and the industry facing the difficulties in acid recovery economically. Therefore, the Cr(NO3)3 hydrolysis system could be sustainable and economically feasible. This will be the objective of further studies.