Invadopodia rosette formation analysis and FITC-gelatin matrix degradation assays were performed as previously described . Briefly, to visualize invadopodia rosette formation, cells were plated on fibronectin-coated slips (10μg/ml; Corning) for 24hrs, fixed, permeabilized and stained with anti-cortactin antibodies (1:200; Merck Millipore #05-180), anti-paxillin antibodies (1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology #sc-5574), TRITC-phalloidin (F-actin)(1:1000; Invitrogen #R415) and DAPI (nuclei) (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich #D9542). A minimum of 150 cells per sample were scored for rosette formation, which were defined by cortactin and actin colocalization. n = 3.