Multiple value frameworks have been recently published with the purpose of combining patients', providers', and payers' priorities, including those developed by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Schnipper et al., 2015, 2016), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) (Cherny et al., 2015), the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) (ICER, 2017), the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) (MSKCC, 2017), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) (NCCN, 2017) and the National Cancer Institute—U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (Epstein and Street, 2011). As stated by Basch (2016), the primary focus of several guidelines is setting up a benchmark for institutional standards by taking into account the clinical evidence and the associated drug costs in order to facilitate treatment choices for payers, providers and patients (Basch, 2016). Nonetheless, these frameworks do not appear to fully address the complex issue of patient heterogeneity and patient preferences.