On the other hand, the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the prediction of a relapse remains to be explored. It is also unclear if MRI predictors together with CSF biomarkers may improve prediction of CDMS when applied in a single model. Apart from oligoclonal bands (OCBs), several markers in the CSF appear to be more specific for neuro-inflammatory and neuro-degenerative pathophysiological processes in MS, such as inflammation and immune dysfunction, or cell type, such as B cells . Some of these markers have been shown to predict conversion to MS in patients with CIS, e.g. polyspecific intrathecal B-cell response of IgG antibodies against neurotropic viruses such as measles, rubella, and varicella zoster . CSF IgG heavy-chain bias was detected in patients with CIS who converted to MS within 6 months of the CIS presentation , and increased CSF concentrations of B cell recruiting chemokine CXCL13 were shown to be a good predictor of conversion to MS in patients with CIS over 2 years of follow-up . It has been suggested that Tau and neurofilaments, CSF markers of axonal damage, might be even more specific than MRI for predicting conversion of CIS to MS.  Shorter time to CDMS conversion was also associated with high concentrations of CSF chitinase 3-like 1, which is up-regulated during inflammation .