In the current study, the latest HD*Calc software (developed by McGill University) recommended by the WHO was used to measure health disparities. The between group variance (BGV) of the absolute measure and the Theil index (T) of the relative measure were adopted for horizontal and vertical monitoring of China’s inequality in maternal and child health. The Slope function was used to analyse the BGV and T trends in various indicators between either the place of residence or gender from 2000 to 2013.