Effects of B. licheniformis SA03 on Chrysanthemum plants under saline–alkaline stress. After 10 days of bacterial inoculation, the non-inoculated (NI) and inoculated (I) were subjected to saline–alkaline treatment for 4 weeks, respectively. The treated plants were used to analyze (A) growth phenotype, (B) total leaf areas (LA), (C) shoot and root fresh weight, (D) shoot and root dry weight, and (E) survival rate. BS, before the stress treatment; AS, after the stress treatment. Data are expressed as the mean values of three replicates (±SE) with 10 plants each. Different letters indicate significant differences using two-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan’s multiple range test at P < 0.05.