BMDMs, peritoneal and RAW264.7 macrophages, were seeded at 2 × 106 cells in 2 ml of media in 6 well tissue culture plates and allowed to adhere for 1.5 h before stimulation with LPS (from E. coli, 0111.B4; Sigma Aldrich) at a concentration of 10 ng/ml. Cells were incubated with LPS for 6 h or 24 h at 37 °C/5%CO2.