Wild-type FVB/N mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). Raptorfl/+ mice  were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA; stock: 013188) and intercrossed to generate Raptorfl/fl mice. SB-mediated hydrodynamic injections were performed as described . Briefly, for the HB tumorigenesis model, 20 μg of pT3-EF1α-YAPS127A and 20 μg of pT3-EF1αH-ΔN90-β-catenin along with SB transposase in a ratio of 25:1 were delivered into the FVB/N mouse by hydrodynamic injection. These two plasmids contain constitutively active forms of YAP and β-catenin protooncogenes. For further knocking out Raptor in the HB model, either 40μg pT3-EF1a or 40μg pT3-EF1a-Cre were co-injected with 20μg pT3-EF1α-YAPS127A and 20μg pT3-EF1α-ΔN90-beta-catenin together as well as 3.2μg pCMV-SB in Raptorfl/fl mice. All mice were monitored closely and euthanized as described in the main text. Mice were fed and monitored according to protocols approved by the Committee for Animal Research at the University of California, San Francisco.