In the present study, we tested whether the beneficial effects of physical practice of dynamic Qigong on EEG brain activity can be reached by practicing the dynamic Qigong technique Wu Qin Xi mentally. From a theoretical point of view, this question is relevant because a large number of brain mapping studies have shown that the same neural areas are activated during either physical or mental simulation of motor actions. The rationale behind is that mental practice with motor content engages areas of the brain that govern movement execution (for an overview see Cicinelli et al., 2006; Sharma and Baron, 2013). This was not only demonstrated for cortical areas such as the supplementary area, the premotor cortex, and the primary motor cortex, but also for subcortical areas such as the basal ganglia and the cerebellum (Lotze et al., 1999; Jeannerod, 2001; Lafleur et al., 2002; Munzert et al., 2008). From a practical point of view, mental Qigong practice becomes relevant for the everyday practitioner in situations when the physical practice of Qigong is impracticable. I.e., when waiting at the train station surrounded by many other passengers it is not possible to practice dynamical Qigong physically due to a limited physical space. Further, this research question is relevant for designs of Qigong courses for elderly persons or patients with bodily impairments. Especially at the beginners’ stage, the movement sequences are practiced many times with several hours of practicing physically leading to increased physical tiredness. Here, the research question arises whether intervals of mental practice sessions would have the same effect on EEG brain activity as a merely physical Qigong practice. Finally, mental Qigong practice becomes relevant especially in persons who do not have the possibility to engage in Qigong training physically, either on the short-term, or on the long-term perspective. For instance, in stroke patients who have a low capability to move or in patients with chronically relapsing diseases of the musculoskeletal system mental practice of Wu Qin Xi would be a suitable therapeutic intervention. In achievement sports, when athletes experience phases of immobility due to sports concussions, mental practice of Wu Qin Xi Qigong would be an appropriate alternative to physical training.