Deep sequencing, massively paralleled sequencing or next generation sequencing (NGS) is a novel DNA or RNA sequencing technology that has transformed genomic research . As opposed to the Sanger sequencing, this is a high throughput method that can be used to sequence the complete human genome within a day . Significant progress in the sequencing research has led to a reduction in its per megabase cost, number of produced sequence reads per run as well as the genome diversity coverage; which helps to adequately elucidate complex phenotypes of diseases [142, 144]. NGS has been applied to understand oncogenic mutations in oral diseases such as ameloblastomas [145, 146]. Using this method, it was discovered that mutations in the SMO gene encoding smoothened protein was commoner in maxillary ameloblastomas, while BRAF V600E mutations were commoner in mandibular ameloblastomas . This has far reaching implications for the application of personalized medicine to the management of ameloblastomas . Molecular heterogeneity in head and neck cancers has also been elucidated using NGS methods .