Vector duo and transduction of human and rat synoviocytes. a The BVCARHAdV5 binary complex can be visualize by electron microscopy. The HAdV5 vector with a icosahedral shape, is bound to BVCAR, a rod-shaped baculovirus which has incorporated the CAR glycoproteins in its envelope. Scale bar, 100 nm. b The schematic representation shows the BVCARHAdV5 binary complex, with HAdV5 bound to BVCAR via the CAR glycoprotein at the baculoviral membrane. The baculoviral envelope glycoproteins Gp64 are localized at the head of the baculoviral particle. c Human and d rat fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) non-treated (grey bars) or pre-treated (black bars) with the proinflammatory cytokines were transduced with HAdV5-GFP alone, or with the BVCARHAdV5-GFP complex. The figures represent the percentage of GFP-positive FLS cells analysed by flow cytometry. The average of three independent experiments, each in triplicates are shown. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA test, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05