Total RNA was extracted from 50–200 islets isolated from three control and three βVps13cKO mice (for both males and females) using TRIzol (ThermoFisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA (100 ng) was reverse transcribed to produce cDNA by using the High Capacity Reverse Transcription Kit (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) with random primers. qPCR was conducted using SYBER Green (life Technologies, Paisley, UK) on an ABI-Fast Prism 7500 machine and primers specific to murine Vps13c, C2cd4a, C2cd4b, or cyclophilin A. Primers were designed using Primer Express 3.0 (Applied Biosystems, CA), and sequences used were: Vps13c forward CAC AAG CAT TGA AGA TAG AAG CAA AA, reverse AGT GAT GGC ACA ATG TCT TGT TG; C2cd4a forward CGG GTT GGA AAA CCA TCT GA, reverse GTC TGA ACC CTG TGA TCC TGT TC; C2cd4b forward ACG TCA CCT GCT TCG TTC CT, reverse CAC GAG CGT CTT TTC TTC TTC A; cyclophilin A forward TAT CTG CAC TGC CAA GAC TG A, reverse CCA CAA TGC TCA TGC CTT CTT TCA. Whereas the VPS13C and C2CD4B primers spanned exon/exon junctions, the C2CD4A primers spanned intron 1.