The ultrafast dynamics and relaxation of hot carriers and phonons in a variety of materials investigated by pump-probe techniques has attracted a lot of attention in the last decade123456789101112131415. Rapid development of pulsed lasers combined with increased utilization of optical absorbers161718 stimulated spectroscopic investigations of materials on picosecond and sub-picosecond timescales under optically driven non-equilibrium conditions. Time-resolved experiments use intense laser pulses to create non-equilibrium states in materials and track their relaxation in real time. They provide information about unoccupied electronic states, electron-electron (e-e) interactions146, electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling91419, phonon-phonon (ph-ph) coupling2021, etc. Here we show that combining time-resolved photoemission with time-resolved Raman (TRR)22 scattering provides insights that are much more difficult to obtain otherwise. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) views the process from electron perspective tracking electron-hole (e–h) excited state occupation as a function of time. Raman scattering used as a probe reveals the phonon perspective providing vibration frequency, lifetime, and occupation number of Raman-active phonons. The fundamental physical law of detailed balance allows extracting the phonon occupation number n from each Raman-active phonon directly from the ratio of the energy loss (Stokes) and energy gain (anti-Stokes) one-phonon Raman scattering intensities23. The anti-Stokes side, where the phonon intensities are proportional to n, is especially sensitive.