The four factors were labeled as follows based on the significant loadings: Build Community Ties, Enjoyment, Expertise, and External Pressure. We used the extracted factor model to develop four summated scales. The scales were calculated as the mean values of variables with significant loadings on a factor. The authors evaluated the internal consistency of the factor scale with Cronbach’s alpha. The alpha values of the scales were greater than 0.85, except for the External Pressure scale (see Table 5). Although the alpha value of the External Pressure scale was below the generally accepted lower limit of 0.70, it was retained in the analysis for theoretical purposes.