The outcome variables were overall survival (OS) and LCSS. Deaths from other causes were treated as censoring events. The main purpose of our investigation was to examine whether there are differences in presenting characteristics and outcomes in nine different ethnic groups by examining marital status, household income (<$50,000; $50–$74,999; >$75,000), type of insurance (insured, Medicaid, uninsured, unknown) in addition to established histopathologic and patient factors. Household income was listed in the SEER registry by median household income per county. The population was split into nine different ethnic groups as follows: White non-Hispanic (White), Black, White Hispanic (Hispanic), AI/AN, Chinese, Japanese, South Asian (Asian Indian and Pakistani), Other Asian (Filipino, Thai, Vietnamese, Korean, Kampuchean, Laotian, and Hmong), and Other Race (OR, Chamorran, Fiji Islander, Guamanian, Hawaiian, Melanesian, Micronesian, New Guinean, Pacific Islander, Polynesian, Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, unknown, and other) in both the entire lung cancer surgical population as well as those presenting with ESR disease. We originally wanted to include black Hispanic patients as a separate patient category in this manuscript and its companion study assessing ethnic differences in all lung cancer patients and those with Stage IV disease, but since we wanted similar populations in both studies and because the number of Black Hispanic patients was scant in both the TS population and the ESR groups, we decided to include Black Hispanic patients in the Black category, similar to a past study (8). Black Hispanic patients represented approximately 0.6% of patient group undergoing surgical resection (19/3,276). Throughout this manuscript, the term population(s) will refer to total population of surgical patients (TS) and those with ESR disease, while group(s) will refer to the nine different ethnicities.