We also examined the gene expression levels of factors that are known to be involved in either the upstream [β1-integrins, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] or downstream (fibronectin, amphiregulin) signaling of EGR1. No change was detected for β1-integrins and fibronectin (Supplementary Figure S1). Upregulation of the transcript levels of EGFR was observed only upon an infection with H. pylori (Supplementary Figure S1). The expression of amphiregulin was induced by a few bacteria, i.e., P. aeruginosa, S. pyogenes M5, N. gonorrhoea and L. crispatus, but not by all bacteria that upregulated EGR1 (Supplementary Figure S1). Moreover, the induction of EGFR and amphiregulin occurred at later time points than that for EGR1, i.e., at 4–6 h post infection. This result suggests that the upregulation of EGFR and amphiregulin are bacterial species specific and independent of EGR1 induction.