With regard to the potential role of yoik as a cultural resilience factor Bals and colleagues report participation in traditional and cultural activities being a significant protective factor for Sami youth mental health . Moreover, in a study of cultural resilience factors among Sami adolescents living in a Sami community, personal yoik was established as being such a factor . Hanssen has presented some interesting findings suggesting a possible significance of yoik as a valuable cultural symbol in intercultural health care communication with elderly Sami patients in nursing homes . Moreover, Hämäläinen et al. conclude that yoik serves as a cultural resilience factor by being an important marker of social and cultural belonging and an instrument for emotion management on an individual bases .