In conclusion the aims of this work have been addressed: (a) T. melanosporum has a genomic tool-kit related to PCD; (b) the T. melanosporum PCD-related genes are homologs to those of other ascomycetes and species included the human one; (c) PCD is involved in the FB development when sterile veins show TUNEL positivity and makes space for the fertile veins (Fig. 4) and also TUNEL positivity appears in some spores. The PCD occurring in the spores of ascomycetes has been previously described920; however, its role has not yet been made clear; a possible role might be the elimination of spores with damaged genome; may be single cell genomics might address this point and help to a better understanding of the reproductive differentiation of a gastronomic delicacy such as the truffle T. melanosporum27.