A 5-year cost effectiveness study of routine use of GEC reported 74% fewer operations for benign nodules with no increase in untreated cancers. Compared with standard clinical management based only on indeterminate FNA results, GEC may lower overall costs (standard cost $12,172 versus GEC cost $10,719) and improve quality of life for patients (91). Another study reported that to be cost effective, GEC’s specificity would have to be greater than 68% and decrease the number of unnecessary surgeries performed on benign nodules by more 50% (90). However, a study by Yip et al. compared the average cost per patient with Bethesda IV nodules larger than 1 cm extending 10 years from follicular neoplasm diagnosis in three groups: standard of care, GEC, and Thyroseq®. The authors reported a 13% increase in average cost per patient when using GEC at $13,027 (range $12,373–$13,666) when compared with the standard of care $11,505 (range $10,676–$12,347), but a 30% reduction in those using Thyroseq® cost $7,683 (range $7,174–$8,333) (92).