The wild‐type C. elegans N2 worms were grown on E. coli OP50 using standard techniques on 20 °C (Brenner, 1974). The RNAi worms were feed with E. coli HT115 containing plasmid L4440 or F43E2.5 (Minniti et al., 2009). The worms were kindly provided by Dr. An‐bing Shi. The wild‐type Drosophila stock w1118 was kindly provided by Dr. Jin Shan. Actin‐GAL4 and UAS‐dMsrA‐RNAi were procured from the Tsinghua Fly Center (THFC). The Drosophila strain w1118 was used in all control crosses and as the background for generation of transgenic lines. All Drosophila stocks were maintained, and all experiments were conducted at 25 °C on a 12‐h: 12‐h light: dark cycle at constant humidity using standard sugar/yeast/agar (SYA) media. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats and C57BL/6J mice were obtained from the Experimental Animals of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The rats/mice were housed on a controlled 12‐h: 12‐h light cycle at a constant temperature (24 ± 1 °C) with free access to water and food and allowed to acclimate a week. The use of animals for experimental procedures was conducted in accordance with the Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals as adopted and promulgated by the National Institutes of Health. The experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Welfare Committee of Huazhong University of Science & Technology.