This was a pre–post test quasi-experimental study. The participants were selected among patients referred to physical therapy clinics of Shiraz, Iran. Sample size was calculated based on the NRS pain score reported in a previous related study (mean [95% CI] = 22 [15–30], α = 0.05, β = 0.02) . Written informed consent was obtained and ethical approval was granted by the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee (approval number CT-88-4614).