Toxins produced by DPB, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), stimulate an inflammatory response. LPS induces the release of various inflammatory mediators from gingival tissue, which activates the innate immune system of the host to eliminate the inflammation . Although such mediators are normally part of a beneficial host response to suppress bacterial proliferation, they can also damage the area of inflammation. During the inflammatory-immune response in gingivitis and periodontitis, inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are produced, which destroy the extracellular matrix (ECM) and lead to periodontal bone loss . In periodontal disease, the irreversible breakdown of collagen fibers in the periodontal ligament results in tissue destruction.