Dementia: 10/66 dementia diagnosis is allocated to those scoring above a cutpoint of predicted probability for dementia, calculated using coefficients from a logistic regression equation developed, calibrated and validated cross-culturally in the 25 centre 10/66 pilot study, applied to outputs from a) a 25–40 minute structured clinical interview, the Geriatric Mental State, assessing symptoms and signs of depression, anxiety and psychosis, as well as those suggestive of organic brain disease including dementia, b) two cognitive tests; the 32-item Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D) COGSCORE, covering memory, language, praxis, and executive function, and the modified Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) 10 word list learning task with delayed recall, and c) informant reports of cognitive and functional decline from the 26-item CSI-D RELSCORE. Therefore, the assessment comprises a comprehensive clinical mental state assessment, multidomain assessment of cognitive functioning, and an informant interview. The criterion, concurrent and predictive validity of the 10/66 diagnosis were superior to that of the DSM-IV criterion in subsequent evaluations[25–28]. For those who died between baseline and follow-up we diagnosed ‘probable incident dementia’ by applying three criteria: