Damasio and other notable neuroscientists also designed an examination tool referred to as the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) that can be used to simulate dynamic real-life decision-making behavior as well as test the SMH (Bechara et al., 1994, 1997, 2000). This group of researchers evaluated VMPFC lesions using the IGT as a testing tool and recorded skin conductance responses (SCRs) to create an ideal experimental paradigm for exploring rationality and emotion in decision-making. The IGT has been used both as an indexical tool for studying the interaction between emotions and decision-making, and as a tool for clinical research and assessment (Bechara, 2007, 2016). The IGT has made a significant impact on cross-field research. In preparation for the publication of this special issue, “Iowa Gambling Task: 20 Years After,” we searched PubMed database using the phrase “Iowa Gambling Task” and found more than 400 IGT-related articles in 2012. Notably, the number of relevant articles has nearly doubled over the last 5 years to more than 800 in 2017. As numerous indices show, the IGT has provided a communal experimental platform for research in multiple fields that focus on issues related to emotions and decision-making.