CsGRN promotes increased cell migration. Cell migration of PLC and RBE cells shown by wound-healing assay (a and c). Cells were observed using light microscope under 5× objective (scale-bar: 100 μm). Assays were performed in triplicate. Relative cell migration level was calculated by normalising to cell migration level at 0 h. ***P < 0.001, compared with the control group. Data are presented graphically in panels b and d