The mRNA expressions of all AIs were significantly different between TGC and epididymal spermatozoa (ES). The mRNA expressions of Tubb2c, Atp6v1a, Pdhb, Hsc70t, Fbp1, Lrrc34, Gapdhs, Pdha2, Dazap1, and the unnamed protein in TGC were significantly higher those in ES. On the contrary, Dnpep in TGC was significantly lower than that in ES (Fig. 6). We decided to include Tubb2c, Atp6v1a, Hsc70t, Fbp1, Lrrc34, Gapdhs, and Dazap1 from the real-time PCR as candidates for TGC-specific AIs.