In clinical practice, a significant number of smokers complain of chronic cough; therefore, many clinicians have questions about the actual prevalence and clinical characteristics of diseases contributing to chronic cough. Nevertheless, reports on the possible causes of chronic cough are not up to date and any relevant data come from relatively small populations. Additionally, the prevalence study of chronic cough has been rarely reported in the large general population including smokers. Updated research on the prevalence of chronic cough and the impact that various conditions have on it is now mandatory. Moreover, many diseases affecting the respiratory tract show environmental, regional, and ethnic differences, and the same might apply to causes of chronic cough.