Study participants were known by the senior author and were recruited via convenience sampling. 124 people were emailed to participate in the study, and the final sample size was 68. 92 participants responded to the email, 23 did not respond, and 9 were unable to find time to schedule the interview. 68 of those interviewed had involvement in international medical or surgical teaching collaborations in some capacity, and the other 24 participants’ data was not included in this analysis. Of the participants, 62 were healthcare providers involved in international medical or surgical teaching collaborations (40 surgeons, 5 anesthesiologists, 11 additional physicians, 4 surgery residents, 2 nurses). The remaining 6 participants included academics and administrators. “Involvement” in international medical and surgical teaching collaborations included participants who had a current continued and sustained commitment.