lncRNA is located in the nucleus or cytoplasm and lacks the ability to encode proteins. Initially, biologists thought that lncRNA had no biological function and was only the “noise” of genomic transcription, a byproduct of the activity of RNA polymerase II (RNA PII).11 However, with further research, people have gradually gained a deeper understanding of lncRNA, its presence in the subcellular structure, and its ability to regulate protein localization and activity. lncRNA can regulate gene expression by recruiting RNA PII or inducing chromatin recombination.12 Compared with small ncRNA, lncRNA has a relatively long chain of nucleotides, meaning that the internal folding of lncRNA molecules can form many specific and complex secondary spatial structures; these structures provide multiple sites, allowing interaction with a number of other molecules to perform biological functions involved in regulating growth and development,13 cell proliferation and differentiation,14 apoptosis,15 and other processes. Meanwhile, a variety of clinical diseases are closely related to lncRNA.16 Although the mechanisms of lncRNA involvement in various diseases are not fully understood, this study shows that lncRNA is widely involved in various regulatory mechanisms. lncRNA can be released after being activated by cellular stress and then form complexes with the ribosome to regulate gene expression. Molecular studies have suggested that lncRNA may work in the following modes. (1) Interacting with chromatin: lncRNA regulates the upstream promoter regions of coding genes by mediating chromatin remodeling and histone modification and then affects the expression of related genes. (2) Interacting with proteins: lncRNA can be used as a guiding molecule for a single protein or it can act as a scaffold molecule for two or more proteins to synthesize a protein complex and then recruit the complex to corresponding locations in coding genes to regulate the expression of downstream genes. In addition, lncRNA can also be used as a bait molecule for proteins. It can transfer proteins that are bound to the genome and change their intracellular localization, thereby inhibiting gene transcription and expression. (3) Interaction with other RNAs: many specific microRNA (miRNA) recognition sites are present in lncRNA. On the one hand, miRNAs can affect the stability of lncRNA in vivo, mediating the degradation of lncRNA and thus regulating its cell biological functions. On the other hand, lncRNA can act as a bait molecule for miRNA, targeting miRNA by target mimicry and inhibiting its further action, thus indirectly regulating the expression of miRNA target genes. In addition, lncRNA can act as an endogenous competitor of miRNA by binding miRNA-binding sites on mRNA.17, 18 Moreover, lncRNA can regulate mRNA at the post-transcriptional level by mRNA transcription inhibition, splicing, and degradation.19