a Multiple alignment of sequences with one core granulin domain from various species are performed with Vector NTI software. Identical sequences are in black and conservative sequences are in grey; theoretical disulphide bonds are numbered one to six above each cysteine residue. b Phylogenetic tree for the granulins from a range of phyla constructed by MEGA 6.0 using the neighbor-joining method, Poisson correction is required and bootstrap values are 1,000. The abbreviations and accession numbers of the sequences are as follows: Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis, GAA54205.1); Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini, XP_009174632.1); Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans, NP_492982.1); Dicentrarchus labrax (D. labrax, CBN81737.1); Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica, ID BN1106_s891B000441 in the WormBase ParaSite); Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum, CAX73857.1); Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium, XP_012796138.1); Homo sapiens (H. sapiens, NP_002078.1); Mus musculus (M. musculus, NP_032201.2); Rattus norvegicus (R. norvegicus, AAH72469.1); Ixodes scapularis (I. scapularis, XP_002415868.1); Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis, XP_003371171.1); Anolis carolinensis (A. carolinensis, XP_008111426.1); Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus, CDJ86608.1), Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni, CCD75903.1)