This retrospective, cross-sectional study was approved by the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Committee on Human Research, and the study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, and since the data were analyzed anonymously, UCSF Committee on Human Research determined that it was not necessary to obtain the participants' consent. This study enrolled consecutive subjects who met the inclusion criteria and underwent cataract surgery at the UCSF general ophthalmology and subspecialty clinics between January 1, 2014, and January 31, 2016.