We next sought to test the prediction that successful performance in the Yes/No test is driven primarily by the use of a recall-to-reject strategy, and that this strategy is impaired with age. To this end, we computed a ‘recall-to-reject’ measure calculated as the proportion of ‘remember new’ responses minus the proportion of ‘remember’ misses, and a ‘recall-to-accept’ measure calculated as the proportion of ‘remember old’ responses minus the proportion of ‘remember’ false alarms (Migo et al., 2009). A Response Type (reject, accept) × Age ANOVA revealed a main effect of Response Type, F(1, 62) = 6.51, p < .05, ηp2 = 0.095, indicating a greater proportion of accurate responses were associated with the use of the ‘recall-to-reject’ strategy relative to a ‘recall-to-accept’ strategy. This did not interact with Age (F < 1), indicating that older adults’ performance also benefited from the use of a recall-to-reject strategy. However, a main effect of Age, F(1, 62) = 15.32, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.198, indicated that older adults used both strategies less successfully than younger adults (reject: t(62) = 3.40, p < .001, d = 0.86; accept: t(62) = 3.35, p < .001, d = 0.85). Age-related deficits in the ability to use these strategies were driven by both an increase in ‘remember’ false alarms, t(62) = 3.21, p < .005, d = 0.82, and a reduction in the proportion of ‘remember’ correct rejections, t(62) = 3.23, p < .005, d = 0.82.