Application of one-way ANOVA demonstrated that density of myelin in the dorsal white matter of spinal cord was significantly increased in treatment groups when compared with SCI group, F(5, 30) = 62.11, p < .001. Furthermore, post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test revealed that the density of myelin was significantly increased in SCI-MO (p < .05), SCI-hUCBSC, and SCI-MO-hUCBSC (p < .001) groups compared with SCI group. Furthermore, statistical evaluations showed significant differences between SCI-MO-hUCBSC, SCI-MO (p < .001), and SCI-hUCBSC (p < .05) groups (Figures 12 and 13). Figure 12.Effect of hUCBSC-MO treatment on density of myelin in dorsal white matter of spinal cord after injury. Intraperitoneal injection of MO (150 mg/kg) was started one day after injury and continued once a day for 14 days after injury. Intraspinal grafting of hUCBSCs was started 24 hr after injury. Data are represented as mean of myelin density ± SEM (n = 5–7) and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. ***p < .001 shows significant difference between SCI versus intact. #p < .05 and ###p < .001 versus spinal cord injury. Φ shows significant difference between SCI-MO-hUCBSC and SCI-hUCBSC (p < .05). $$ shows significant difference between SCI-MO-hUCBSC and SCI-MO (p < .05, p < .01, and p < .001, respectively). Note. hUCBSCs = human umbilical cord blood stem cells; MO = Melissa officinalis; SCI = spinal cord injury; SEM = standard error of the mean; ANOVA = analysis of variance. Figure 13.Ultra structural characteristics of myelination in dorsal white matter of spinal cord at the level of T12-L1 of all groups which were evaluated in this study on Day 56. (b) Low power view reveals the distribution of myelinated axons. Three representative high power photographs show the typical appearance of myelinated axons with extensive myelin sheath wrapped around an axon (a, d, and e). Densitometry of MBP in dorsal white matter of spinal cord at the level of T12-L1 is shown in the left part of any electron microscopy pictures. a = Intact, b = SCI, c = SCI-MO, d = SCI-hUCBSC, e = SCI-MO-hUCBSC. Note. MBP = myelin basic protein; hUCBSC = human umbilical cord blood stem cell; MO = Melissa officinalis; SCI = spinal cord injury.