To assess the long-term therapeutic effect, an animal experiment was performed with rats treated with BVCARHAdV5-PUMA and HAdV5-PUMA (109 PFU per joint), and the study period extended up to 21 days post injection. Following restrictions by the animal ethic committee, the negative control groups (BVCAR and BVCARHAdV5-null) were not included in this long-term study due to the high level of arthritis severity.