VP1 protein binds to various DNA molecules. Purified GST and GST-fused proteins were used for analysing the interaction of recombinant proteins with various DNA samples, such as linear dsDNA (a), minus-strand ssDNA (b), and M13mp18 phage DNA (c). All DNA samples were generated by different preparations as described in the Materials and Methods. After the agarose gel shift assay, the DNA fragment signals were observed by EtBr staining. The 1% SDS (underline lane-labelled 1% SDS) was also used to confirm the retardation caused by tested proteins. Lane M, DNA ladder marker. Bold triangles indicate the protein-DNA complex formed by the tested protein and DNA molecules. The “pcDNA3.1 x EcoR I” indicated generation of the linear form of pcDNA3.1 DNA digested by EcoR I