The high prevalence (43.5%) of TVVs found in this study is comparable to a prevalence of 55% (95% CI: 38.4–70.7) among Cuban isolates . Two recent studies have reported lower carriage of TVV, 18.7% (95% CI: 11.5–28.0) in the Philippines  and 17.3% (95% CI: 7.8–31.4) among Iranian isolates , although the latter study only determined the presence of TVV1. However, higher prevalence rates of TVV have been reported as well, 81.9% (95% CI: 71.1–90.0) in South Africa , and 75.0% (95% CI: 55.1–89.3) in Baltimore City, Maryland . The presence of TVV, in addition to metronidazole susceptibility, has been found to differ significantly between T. vaginalis isolates genotyped by a panel of 21 microsatellites and six single-copy genes of T. vaginalis, which classifies T. vaginalis into two types: type 1 and type 2 . Type 2 is characteristically free of TVV and resistant to metronidazole . Metronidazole susceptibility in relation to actin genotypes is yet to be determined.