The baseline and rhythmic resistance data are shown in Table 1. There was no significant difference in the venous diameters between the baseline and rhythmic resistance exercise values. In contrast, there was a significant increase in the time-averaged mean velocity during resistance exercise compared with baseline. There was also a significant increase in the venous flow volume during resistance exercise compared with baseline. For the time-averaged mean velocity and venous flow volume, there was not only a significant difference between baseline and resistance exercise but the effect size was moderate.Table 1Venous hemodynamic measurements using ultrasound at baseline and during resistance exerciseMeasurementBaselineResistance exercisep d Venous diameter (mm)6.70 ± 2.726.82 ± 2.640.50− 0.05Time-averaged mean velocity (cm/s)2.66 ± 1.233.99 ± 2.050.01− 0.80Venous flow volume (ml/min)52.35 ± 31.5977.82 ± 38.150.01− 0.74Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)120.86 ± 14.10126.00 ± 13.660.10− 0.37Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)73.29 ± 6.8574.29 ± 8.920.62− 0.13Heart rate (beats/min)66.86 ± 9.1066.86 ± 7.10> 0.990.00Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation