In this study, we report a computerized and quantitative VR behavioral test to evaluate visual perception of mice. We emphasized the time requirement for the recognition of visual targets with different complexity. In comparison with commonly used visual behavioral tests, such as the lever press test [23–25], Morris water maze [26–28] and OKR [19–21], the VR test provides several advantages. First, this test can use virtually any type of visual targets, from simple displays such as color, luminance and moving targets, to complex visual displays such as a natural scene. Therefore, this test is readily applicable for use to analyze complex visual questions. Although the mice are able to quickly learn the task and differentiate the target of choice, the type of visual target makes a difference, with the more complex targets requiring a longer training paradigm to reach peak performance. Second, the computerized VR test allows the recording of highly detailed testing parameters, such as tracing the movement of the animals during the entire course of the test in high temporal resolution. Third, the computerized VR system runs the test with minimal human-animal interaction during the test (except for the initial training during Acclimation and Target Identification) and, therefore enhances the consistency of the tests and minimizes test variation. Forth, unlike the OKR, which records a reflex-based response to visual stimulation [19–21], the VR visual tests examine the visual perception of the animal. Finally, this VR behavioral test could be combined with in vivo image recording of CNS neurons in awake animals for correlated study of cellular activity of brain and behavior , and therefore, provides a platform to study the cellular mechanisms of visual perception.