Whether adjunct therapy that targets ongoing replication in drug sanctuaries could ever achieve a full or functional cure will clearly depend upon the relative importance of ongoing replication compared to other sources that contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir in treated patients . It is currently unknown whether ongoing replication accounts for the majority or a minority of the persistent pool of replication competent HIV-1 and whether alternative sources, including latent infection and homeostatic proliferation of latently infected cells, would be self-sustaining in the absence of ongoing replication that continuously tops up the reservoir. If the pools of virus are self-sustaining, drugs that targets these alternative sources  will need to be included in any comprehensive therapeutic strategy to control or clear the viral reservoir.