In conclusion, we have isolated and identified the actinomycete Streptomyces artemisiae MCCB 248 from an Arctic fjord that showed promising cancer cell toxicity to NCI-H460 cells in vitro. From the cell-based assays, it could be concluded that this activity likely resulted from the induction of apoptotic pathways leading to cell death. Chemical analysis, dereplication efforts and biosynthetic gene comparisons for the isolate suggested that this organism produces potentially novel bioactive secondary metabolites. Such a promising finding warrants further study, including the purification and characterization of the active compounds as well as description of their biosynthetic gene cluster(s).