Polymersome nanoreactors have also been used to perform many types of non-enzymatic catalytic reactions, such as the proline-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reaction of cyclohexanone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde . Cross-linked polymersome nanoreactors were also used to perform asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions in water . These products are highly desired intermediates in the preparation of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals [84–86]. To perform cyclopropanation reactions in polymersomes, the membrane was cross-linked with bisoxazoline (BOX) ligands complexing the copper catalyst. Cyclopropanation reactions were efficiently performed in water, resulting in high yields and enantioselectivities, comparable to those when the reaction was carried out in organic solvent  (Figure 4).