The first human prenatal repair of MMC was reported in Tulipan et al. . Cumulative data suggested not only a dramatic improvement in hindbrain herniation but also increased maternal and neonatal risks including preterm labor, uterine dehiscence, and increased risk of fetal and neonatal death among others. Adzick et al.  investigated the effects of prenatal repair of MMC via a randomized prospective study. It reported that prenatal surgery for MMC performed before 26 weeks of gestation decreased the risk of death or need for shunting by the age of 12 months and also improved scores on a composite measure of mental and motor function, with adjustment for lesion level, at 30 months of age. Prenatal surgery also improves the degree of hindbrain herniation associated with Chiari II malformation, motor function, and the likelihood of being able to walk independently, as compared with postnatal surgery . Open prenatal repair comes with an increased maternal and neonatal risk including preterm labor, uterine dehiscence, premature rupture of membranes, and increased risk of fetal and neonatal death. The main goal for prenatal repair of MMC is to achieve skin closure to prevent further damage of the placode and arrest the CSF leak.