The direct connections between visual areas are reciprocal but not strictly hierarchically sequential. In particular: (1) primary visual cortices (striate cortices, areas 17, areas V1) at the very bottom of the postulated hierarchies, send direct feedforward projections not only to areas at the immediate next level of putative hierarchies but also to areas higher-up; and (2) areas at the intermediate levels of the putative hierarchy send their direct feedforward and feedback projections not only to their immediate hierarchical neighbors but also to hierarchically more remote areas, including the primary visual cortices (Dreher, 1986; Felleman and Van Essen, 1991; Markov and Kennedy, 2013; Markov et al., 2014).