The design of this study was guided by an analysis of the literature reviewed in the previous section. Existing scales of attitudes and motivations were selected from the literature to guide the design of an interview protocol and a survey questionnaire. The study began by conducting semistructured interviews of 15 researchers between January and July of 2016. The researchers interviewed represented 9 fields of study, 10 institutions, and 5 seniority categories (3 full professors, 3 associate professors, 3 assistant professors, 3 postdocs, and 3 doctoral students).