If the frequency of gains or losses largely influences a participant's poor performance during the IGT, this finding not only belies the basic assumption of the SMH proposed by Damasio's team, but also calls into question whether the effects of gain/loss frequency could be observed in the data reported by Tomb et al. (2002) and Maia and McClelland (2004). It is particularly important to resolve the latter point because the findings of these two studies generally hinge upon the basic assumption of the SMH, in that the SM system assists the decision-maker in obtaining the best long-term outcome. If this basic assumption needs to be reexamined, then the arguments proposed in these two studies will also need to be reevaluated.