what school did sir ernest rutherford go to
University of Cambridge Trinity College, Cambridge Nelson College University of New Zealand University of Canterbury
Ernest Rutherford
University of Cambridge Trinity College, Cambridge Nelson College University of New Zealand University of Canterbury
Edmund Hillary people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
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On the notions of causality and complementarity common.topic.notable_types Book
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m.0zbtt2g freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Methodism religion.religion.branched_from Anglicanism
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Hans Henrik Bohr common.topic.notable_types Person
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Antoine Henri Becquerel education.academic.advisees Marie Curie
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson work related to william crookes
Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature book.written_work.author Niels Henrik David Bohr
Philadelphia common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from ernest rutherford knew arthur balfour
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisors John William Strutt
In 1919, Rutherford succeeded Thomson as director of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Under Rutherford's direction, English physicist Patrick Blackett in 1925 used the cloud chamber  apparatus, developed by Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson, to record the tracks of disintegrated nuclei.
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees John Cockcroft
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry people.person.profession Physicist
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from niels henrik david bohr influenced alfred kastler
Physicist fictional_universe.character_occupation.characters_with_this_occupation Ray Stantz
Werner Heisenberg people.person.profession Physicist
Scientist common.topic.subject_of News
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Nazir Ahmed
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences During the 30s, Bohr turned to a new, but related, topic: the composition of the atomic nucleus.
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He influenced Kastler.
Atomic Physics And Human Knowledge common.topic.notable_types Book
Using a scintillation counter that could be moved around the foil, which was struck by a beam of alpha particles from a radon source,  it was observed that when alpha particles were fired at gold foil, a significant number were deflected through angles of more than 90 degrees, and some particles were deflected backwards. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Foil made from metals with a large atomic number (such as lead) reflected back even more particles.
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His work related to that of Becquerel and Lorenz. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson work related to antoine-henri becquerel
John Cockcroft people.person.education m.0n1jdr8
ernest rutherford work related to paul langevin base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence His results were used later in Langevin's development of sonar.
Hans Henrik Bohr people.person.nationality Denmark
Bertram Boltwood people.person.nationality United States of America
m.0x1b47j award.award_honor.award Faraday Medal
Bohr hoped that the director of the Laboratory, English physicist J.J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron, would appreciate his doctoral thesis, which he had painstakingly translated into English. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He was appalled to discover that Thomson had lost interest in the subject and failed to realize the importance of Bohr's thesis.
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
joseph john thomson work related to johann wilhelm hittorf base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others.
He retired as professor of physics from the University of Copenhagen in 1955, but continued to serve as director of the Institute until his death in Copenhagen in 1962. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Paco Ahlgren people.person.nationality United States of America
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Transient ischemic attack
British people common.topic.image Map Gaels Brythons Picts
m.0gk8x3r education.education.student Nazir Ahmed
Chemist base.schemastaging.context_name.pronunciation g.125_m09_2
Chemist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010f2rb1
m.0n0_50d education.education.institution University of Manchester
Brian Sergent people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Heart failure medicine.icd_9_cm_classification.parent_classification Heart failure
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Keith Urban freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
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Physicist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010flybs
niels henrik david bohr encouraged by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Gout
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Rutherford model common.topic.article m.0b6qjv
Rutherford symbols.namesake.named_after Ernest Rutherford
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from niels henrik david bohr attended funeral of otto jespersen
Organization freebase.type_profile.published Published
ernest rutherford work related to marie curie base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Barrett's esophagus
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Bohr argued that the two parts of  the duality may appear to be inconsistent, or even in conflict, but that both are necessary to obtain a complete view of particles and waves.
David de Lautour people.person.gender Male
m.0x2g08s award.award_honor.award_winner Edward Victor Appleton
Maurice Goldhaber education.academic.advisors James Chadwick
Abdominal aortic aneurysm medicine.disease.parent_disease Cardiovascular disease
Charlottetown location.location.containedby Canada
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Prostate cancer
Thomas Henry Huxley people.person.nationality United Kingdom
John Cockcroft common.topic.image Sir John Douglas Cockcroft
niels henrik david bohr work related to max born base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Max Born
United States of America base.biblioness.bibs_topic.subsumes United States of America
In 1922, the brilliant success of his work on atomic structure earned him the Nobel Prize for physics. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence During the 1920s and 1930s, Bohr wrote extensively about atomic structures, proposing two concepts that he considered fundamental to the \"new physics\".
Philip Burton Moon people.person.education m.09hy2xr
Edmund Hillary people.person.nationality New Zealand
Albert Einstein freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
paul langevin knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence He also met several important scientists, including Rutherford and Wilson.
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees John Sealy Townsend
As a result, Rutherford directed physicists John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in 1932 to construct the world's first particle accelerator, and thereby demonstrate the transmutation of elements by  artificial means. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0ztd0
m.0x1b520 freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
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Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.chemical_series Transition metal
m.02kq0w4 education.education.student Joseph John Thomson
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-260
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heart attack people.cause_of_death.parent_cause_of_death Cardiovascular disease
Hans Geiger symbols.name_source.namesakes Geiger–Müller tube
Alexander William Bickerton common.topic.webpage m.02nxf8d
Blackett showed that the bombardment of alpha particles combined with the nucleus before disintegration, and did not break the nucleus apart like a bullet. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He also showed that bombardment with alpha particles had its limits, finding that large nuclei repelled them without disintegrating.
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William Lawrence Bragg education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
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University of Cambridge location.location.containedby United Kingdom
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John Cockcroft award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x2fy6c
Trinity College, Cambridge education.educational_institution.campuses Trinity College, Cambridge
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m.063x7hv base.nobelprizes.nobel_honor.nobel_prize_winner James Chadwick
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m.02wp6y2 education.education.student Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett
m.03zbgtx freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
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City of Westminster location.administrative_division.country United Kingdom
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m.045x47x people.place_lived.location Denmark
The process entailed firing alpha particles into a nearly evacuated tube with a strong electric field. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Jossi Wells
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However, this model was never very successful, and from the work of Rutherford, Thomson's successor at the Cavendish, and Bohr a better picture - of the nuclear atom - would soon evolve. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics, and in 1908 he was knighted for his scientific achievements.
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He was appalled to discover that Thomson had lost interest in the subject and failed to realize the importance of Bohr's thesis. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Soon after, Bohr met British physicist Rutherford, then at the University of Manchester.
Physicist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0101ddrk
wilhelm conrad roentgen influenced ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Bohr hoped that the director of the Laboratory, English physicist J.J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron, would appreciate his doctoral thesis, which he had painstakingly translated into English.
City of Westminster location.location.containedby London
m.0x1b47j award.award_honor.award_winner Edward Victor Appleton
Edmund Hillary freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson worked under john william strutt
Melanie Lynskey freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.influenced August Krogh
James Chadwick people.person.gender Male
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George Laurence common.topic.article m.03qf08f
ernest rutherford taught william henry bragg base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
Hans Geiger symbols.name_source.namesakes Geiger–Nuttall law
Rutherford's next major discovery came in 1909. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt5h
C. F. Powell common.topic.notable_types Academic
Matteucci Medal award.award_category.winners m.0gw13x5
In 1898, Rutherford accepted a professorship in physics at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, considered to have the best-equipped laboratory in the world. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
ANU Research School of Physics and Engineering organization.organization.founders Mark Oliphant
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John Cockcroft award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x1b64w
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson education.academic.advisees C. F. Powell
Soon after, Bohr met British physicist Rutherford, then at the University of Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In early 1912, moved to Manchester to spend three months working on Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom.
Thomas Henry Huxley common.topic.notable_types Academic
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees C. F. Powell
Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence His work related to that of Becquerel and Lorenz.
Christian Bohr people.person.gender Male
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City of Westminster location.administrative_division.second_level_division_of England
Henry Moseley common.topic.image Henry Moseley at work. This rare image is the only non-portrait photograph known of the scientist
Niels Henrik David Bohr common.topic.image Niels Henrik David Bohr
William Lawrence Bragg common.topic.notable_types Academic
City of Westminster travel.travel_destination.tourist_attractions Westminster Abbey
Jemaine Clement people.person.nationality New Zealand
But in September, 1943, after receiving news that his own life was in danger, he and his family were spirited to Sweden by the Danish resistance movement. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence A few days later, the British government sent an unarmed Mosquito bomber to Sweden to pick up Bohr and fly him to England.
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.01067d93
Thomson then developed experiments in which the rays were deflected by both magnetic and electrical fields. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1897 Thomson found that cathode rays were deflected by electric fields, strong evidence that cathode rays were rapidly-moving charged particles.
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Charles Galton Darwin
Rutherford became the first research student to work under English physicist J.J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In early 1896 Thomson asked Rutherford to help him study the effects of Roentgen's X-rays on the discharge of electricity in gases.
Westminster Abbey location.location.events Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory common.topic.notable_for g.125cb15lw
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester common.topic.notable_types Organization
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Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The second concept, the principle of \"correspondence\", suggested that the laws of classical physics could be preserved in light of the new quantum physics.
Charles Galton Darwin people.person.gender Male
Joseph John Thomson symbols.name_source.namesakes Thomson scattering
Mark Oliphant people.person.education m.02kq0mk
m.0n0_50d education.education.student Ernest Marsden
Edward Victor Appleton common.topic.notable_for g.125fxfss4
G. I. Taylor people.person.profession Mathematician
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By the end of his career, seven Nobel Prizes were awarded to those who worked under Thomson, including his own son, George Thomson and the German physicist Born . base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence This work was later continued by one of Thomson's students, Francis Aston (developer of the mass spectrograph), and others, and lead to the discovery of many other isotopes, vital to the understanding of the heavy radioactive elements, such as uranium and radium.
Rutherford College, Kent common.topic.article m.02wwn99
Denmark location.country.capital Copenhagen
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1922, the brilliant success of his work on atomic structure earned him the Nobel Prize for physics.
Edward Victor Appleton people.person.place_of_birth Bradford
Building complex freebase.type_profile.published Published
ernest rutherford worked with niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr.
Edward Routh education.academic.advisees George Darwin
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Between 1906 and 1914 Thomson entered his second and last great period of research, which he devoted to the study of \"canal rays\", streams of positively charged ions (first discovered by Eugen Goldstein), which Thomson named \"positive rays.\" Using magnetic and electric fields to deflect these rays, in 1912 he found that ions of neon gas are deflected by different amounts, indicating that they consist of a mixture of ions with different charge-to-mass ratios.
Hans Geiger award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x2g2sy
Present problems of radioactivity book.book.editions Present problems of radioactivity
Francis William Aston people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Ernest Rutherford common.topic.article m.02m81
Scottish people people.ethnicity.geographic_distribution United Kingdom
During the War, Rutherford's also continued to work at Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees Niels Henrik David Bohr
Ernest Walton base.nobelprizes.nobel_prize_winner.nobel_honor m.063xfm2
He knew Rutherford. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Albert Einstein
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paul langevin knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
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Working alone, Rutherford then developed a technique for measuring  the velocity and rate of recombination of these positive and negative ions. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel.
Rutherford's explanation of radioactivity at the atomic level caused a sensation in scientific circles: the idea that  atoms could change their identity was revolutionary. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence This work would earn Rutherford the 1908 Nobel Prize in  chemistry.
Westminster Abbey travel.tourist_attraction.near_travel_destination London
Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Over the next few years Thomson also developed a model of the atom that incorporated his discovery, sometimes referred to as the \"plum pudding\" atom, in which he proposed that the atom is a diffuse sphere of positive electrical charge in which discrete, negatively-charged electrons are embedded.
Shane Cleaver people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
niels henrik david bohr his work developed by werner karl heisenberg base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Werner Heisenberg
Bohr worked at Manchester from 1914 to 1916, but returned to the University of Copenhagen, where a chair of theoretical physics had been created especially for him. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He offered Bohr a job as lecturer in physics at Manchester.
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Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences By measuring the angle at which the rays were deflected by fields of different magnitudes, he was able to calculate the ratio of the electrical charge to the mass (e/m) for the particles that made up the rays.
Enrico Fermi base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences For this experimental work -- \"the discovery of new radioactive substances, and the selective powers of slow neutrons\" -- Fermi received a letter of congratulation from the great pioneer of subatomic physics, Englishman Rutherford, and was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1938.
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Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Kidney Stone
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joseph john thomson worked under john william strutt base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere.
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He helped revolutionize the knowledge of atomic structure by his discovery of the electron (1897). base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
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Under Rutherford's direction, English physicist Patrick Blackett in 1925 used the cloud chamber  apparatus, developed by Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson, to record the tracks of disintegrated nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0ztcg
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However, he later observed the same effect when alpha particles were fired into nitrogen. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Pursuing earlier work in which scintillations were noticed in hydrogen bombarded by alpha particles well beyond their range in the gas, Rutherford first concluded that the scintillations were being caused by hydrogen nuclei.
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The first was the principle of \"complementarity\" that stated there may be more than one true and accurate way to view natural phenomena. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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He taught Langevin, Bragg and Oppenheimer. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
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And so the nature of radioactivity was now fully revealed. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Rutherford returned to full research in 1919, when he made his last great discovery.
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After a long series of experiments, Rutherford concluded that the alpha particles had caused the nitrogen nuclei to disintegrate, forming hydrogen and oxygen nuclei -- the first artificial transformation of one element to another. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Niels Henrik David Bohr award.award_winner.awards_won m.0n51xh6
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to albert einstein knew niels henrik david bohr
His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He influenced Kastler.
ernest rutherford worked with johannes wilhelm geiger base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Hans Geiger
His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0107gpt5
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He and Edward Andrade, by diffracting them with a crystal, showed that gamma rays were electromagnetic waves. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1914, he found that positive rays consist of hydrogen nuclei.
Andrew Adamson people.person.nationality New Zealand
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Ernest Rutherford people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Although his appeal did not succeed, Bohr continued to take the lead in promoting such efforts as the First International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, held in Geneva (1955), and in helping to create the European Council for Nuclear Research.
In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt4c
Matteucci Medal award.award_category.winners m.0n51y_9
August Krogh people.deceased_person.place_of_death Copenhagen
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He was appalled to discover that Thomson had lost interest in the subject and failed to realize the importance of Bohr's thesis. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Bohr hoped that the director of the Laboratory, English physicist J.J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron, would appreciate his doctoral thesis, which he had painstakingly translated into English.
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Appleton returned to Cambridge University in 1936 as professor of natural philosophy and when World War II broke out in 1939 he was appointed secretary of the British government's Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
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Charles Galton Darwin people.deceased_person.place_of_death Cambridge
Abram Ioffe education.academic.advisees Yulii Borisovich Khariton
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The resulting ionizing effect in the gas could be detected not only by an electrometer (a device that measured electric charge in a gas), but visually (as the alpha particles struck a zinc sulfide screen, they caused an identifiable flash, or  \"scintillation\").
To confront this problem, Bohr began with the question of atomic spectra. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence For more than a century, it had been known that light from the heating of an element produced characteristics line in the spectrum of the light seen through a prism.
His quantum mechanical model of the atom was the key step in scientific understanding of atomic structure. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.person.employment_history m.02kq4cl
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Dupuytren's contracture
In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Using their own invention, an apparatus using ionization chambers and scintillation screens, Rutherford and Geiger came up with a method for counting alpha particles precisely.
Ernest C. Pollard people.person.nationality United Kingdom
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Albert Beaumont Wood common.topic.article m.02rglxk
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Using a scintillation counter that could be moved around the foil, which was struck by a beam of alpha particles from a radon source,  it was observed that when alpha particles were fired at gold foil, a significant number were deflected through angles of more than 90 degrees, and some particles were deflected backwards. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Rutherford's next major discovery came in 1909.
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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland location.country.capital London
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.ethnicity Danes
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Deceased Person freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Agent
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences To demonstrate that the deflection was not caused merely by some surface effect, Geiger and his associates also used metal reflectors of different thicknesses.
Kate Sheppard people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Deceased Person freebase.type_hints.included_types Person
In this second experiment, using the apparatus designed by CTR Wilson , he was able to measure the actual charge by condensing drops of water on the \"subatomic\" particles to form a mist, establishing the size of the drops from their rate of fall. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence This was confirmed during 1898 when Thomson extended his research to other phenomena caused by electrical discharges, and proved that particles with the same value e/m were released from a negatively charged hot wire and from a negatively charged zinc plate illuminated by ultraviolet light.
British people fictional_universe.ethnicity_in_fiction.characters_of_this_ethnicity Adelle DeWitt
m.07nff47 base.ontologies.ontology_instance_mapping.freebase_topic Niels Henrik David Bohr
He concluded that uranium emitted two distinct types of radiation, which he named \"alpha rays\" -- highly powerful in producing ionization, but easily absorbed -- and \"beta rays\" -- producing less radiation but having more penetrating ability. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
George Paget Thomson common.topic.notable_types Academic
Temuera Morrison people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
joseph john thomson work related to james clerk maxwell base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
English Language language.human_language.countries_spoken_in Pakistan
Matteucci Medal freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Date Discontinued
These men had established that if an electrical discharge is caused to pass through a gas under very low pressure in a glass tube, a glowing beam - called a cathode ray - is seen to follow the electrical discharge from one end of the tube to the other, and can be deflected by an electrical or magnetic field superimposed on the tube. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others.
He also showed that bombardment with alpha particles had its limits, finding that large nuclei repelled them without disintegrating. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Blackett showed that the bombardment of alpha particles combined with the nucleus before disintegration, and did not break the nucleus apart like a bullet.
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.category_of Rutherford Medal
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His work related to that of Becquerel and Lorenz. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
max planck theory applied by niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Niels Henrik David Bohr
Frederick Soddy book.author.works_written The interpretation of radium
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.influenced Jack Abbott
Rutherford Medal symbols.namesake.named_after Ernest Rutherford
Rutherford common.topic.notable_for g.1259lvmxb
C. F. Powell base.nobelprizes.nobel_prize_winner.nobel_honor m.063r04g
m.0bjbp4p organization.organization_membership.member Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett
Enrico Fermi people.person.nationality United States of America
Bertram Boltwood people.person.gender Male
Rutherford demonstrated that X-rays broke gas molecules into electrically charged particles, or ions, of positive and negative electricity, which recombined to form neutral molecules. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In early 1896 Thomson asked Rutherford to help him study the effects of Roentgen's X-rays on the discharge of electricity in gases.
This would offer a means for estimating the age of the  Earth. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1904, with Bertram Boltwood, Rutherford worked out the series of transformations that radioactive elements go through and suggested that those with extremely long half-lives might provide a source of energy for sustaining the heat of the Earth's interior.
Harald Høffding people.person.gender Male
Erik Bohr people.person.nationality Denmark
m.02kq4f8 business.employment_tenure.person Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett
Ernest Rutherford people.person.profession Physicist
In 1900, he also observed what was described by French physicist Paul Villard as \"gamma\" radiation, the  most penetrating type of all. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He concluded that uranium emitted two distinct types of radiation, which he named \"alpha rays\" -- highly powerful in producing ionization, but easily absorbed -- and \"beta rays\" -- producing less radiation but having more penetrating ability.
John Sealy Townsend people.person.profession Scientist
Rutherford returned to full research in 1919, when he made his last great discovery. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt81
Soon after, Bohr met British physicist Rutherford, then at the University of Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr encouraged by ernest rutherford
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett organization.organization_member.member_of m.0bjbp4p
George Laurence people.person.nationality Canada
Keith Park people.deceased_person.place_of_death Auckland
m.02wn7q1 education.education.student Charles Galton Darwin
Matteucci Medal award.award.category Matteucci Medal
Lise Meitner people.person.profession Scientist
The Sceptical Chymist book.written_work.subjects Chemist
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1912, Geiger accepted the post as director of the new Laboratory for Radioactivity at the German National Institute for Science and Technology in Berlin.
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Jemaine Clement
Pancreatic cancer medicine.icd_9_cm_classification.parent_classification Pancreatic cancer
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Rutherford College, Auckland education.educational_institution.students_graduates g.11btymmt55
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.parents Christian Bohr
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Alex Bradley
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1936, he was appointed to the chair of physics at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin.
Faraday Medal award.award_category.winners m.0x1b64w
Rutherford model common.topic.image A stylised representation of the Rutherford model of a lithium atom
Byron  Wells freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
m.05t5sqp award.award_honor.award_winner Mark Oliphant
Westminster Abbey location.location.events Wedding of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah Ferguson
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbs_cx
University of Cambridge location.location.containedby Cambridge
Physics people.professional_field.professions_in_this_field Physicist
Radioactive Transformations common.topic.notable_for g.1258yy0jj
In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
The Structure of Light common.topic.notable_types Written Work
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Seven years after the War, in Kiel, Germany, Geiger and fellow-physicist Walther Mueller improved the sensitivity, performance, and durability of Geiger's 1908 particle counter , and in 1928, the pair produced the modern form of the instrument, now known as the Geiger-Mueller counter.
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Terry Crowe
Bohr began to develop a model of the atom in which electrons were disposed in rings around the nucleus -- a first step towards an explanation of atomic structure. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In early 1912, moved to Manchester to spend three months working on Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom.
He worked with CP Snow. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Academic type.type.expected_by Academic advisors
In 1900, he also observed what was described by French physicist Paul Villard as \"gamma\" radiation, the  most penetrating type of all. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt15
Māori people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Māori language
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He taught Langevin, Bragg and Oppenheimer.
Earlier, in 1900, Bequerel had identified beta rays with cathode rays, which were shown to be electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Measuring the  wavelengths of the rays, they found that they lay beyond X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Cardiovascular disease people.cause_of_death.parent_cause_of_death Cardiovascular disease
Linus Pauling people.person.nationality United States of America
Notes on Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
C. F. Powell award.award_winner.awards_won m.03zbgwz
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-254
Under Rutherford's direction, English physicist Patrick Blackett in 1925 used the cloud chamber  apparatus, developed by Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson, to record the tracks of disintegrated nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1919, Rutherford succeeded Thomson as director of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge.
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac.
Keisha Castle-Hughes people.person.gender Female
Rutherford found similar results with other elements  and  announced that the nucleus of any atom must be composed of hydrogen nuclei . base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Henrik Anthony Kramers [died] book.written_work.author Niels Henrik David Bohr
Max Born education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
British American common.topic.notable_types Ethnicity
At his suggestion, the name \"proton\"  was given to the hydrogen nucleus in 1920. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Also in 1920, Rutherford speculated that uncharged particles, which were later called neutrons, must also exist in the nucleus.
Melanie Lynskey freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
Alexander William Bickerton book.author.works_written A summary of chapter XV of the Romance of the heavens
Kate Sheppard people.person.nationality New Zealand
Niels Henrik David Bohr symbols.name_source.namesakes Bohr model
Russell Crowe people.person.ethnicity Māori people
Werner Heisenberg people.person.profession Scientist
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Gastritis
ernest rutherford corresponded with max planck base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi.
English Language language.human_language.countries_spoken_in Republic of Ireland
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees William Lawrence Bragg
Place of death rdf-schema#domain Deceased Person
Joseph John Thomson common.topic.image J
Rutherford first studied the radioactive emissions of uranium, systematically wrapping uranium in successive layers of aluminum foil to observe the emissions' penetrating ability. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He concluded that uranium emitted two distinct types of radiation, which he named \"alpha rays\" -- highly powerful in producing ionization, but easily absorbed -- and \"beta rays\" -- producing less radiation but having more penetrating ability.
Taught at Owens College by O Reynolds. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He taught Langevin, Bragg and Oppenheimer.
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.peers m.02nc2js
Henry Moseley people.person.education m.03p8bkb
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Martin Campbell
Rutherford Medal common.topic.notable_for g.1257j9d2g
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Sebaceous cyst
Person type.type.properties Height
m.02kq0lx education.education.student Mark Oliphant
Philadelphia location.location.containedby United States of America
Jack Abbott people.person.gender Male
joseph john thomson taught max born base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation taught
m.0zbtt2g award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
m.0w6cv6s education.academic_post.position_or_title Scientist
C. F. Powell common.topic.image Lawrence Clark Powell
Ernest Walton common.topic.image Ernest
Princeton location.location.containedby United States of America
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Stuart Dryburgh people.person.nationality New Zealand
He influenced Kastler. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Brighton location.location.containedby England
Rutherford College, Auckland education.educational_institution_campus.educational_institution Rutherford College, Auckland
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford first studied the radioactive emissions of uranium, systematically wrapping uranium in successive layers of aluminum foil to observe the emissions' penetrating ability.
Byron  Wells people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Harry Boot common.topic.notable_types Academic
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Measuring the  wavelengths of the rays, they found that they lay beyond X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Abram Ioffe people.person.profession Scientist
Robert William Boyle people.person.gender Male
Marie Curie people.person.profession Scientist
william ramsay work related to ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
For a few months, Bohr and his son Aage helped in a British project to make a nuclear fission bomb, then moved to Los Alamos, New Mexico, with a British research team, to work on the Manhattan Project, whose aim was to build the world's first atomic bomb. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence A few days later, the British government sent an unarmed Mosquito bomber to Sweden to pick up Bohr and fly him to England.
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This work would earn Rutherford the 1908 Nobel Prize in  chemistry. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt2y
Physicist people.profession.part_of_professional_field Physics
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Sam Neill
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In early 1896 Thomson asked Rutherford to help him study the effects of Roentgen's X-rays on the discharge of electricity in gases. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Rutherford demonstrated that X-rays broke gas molecules into electrically charged particles, or ions, of positive and negative electricity, which recombined to form neutral molecules.
paul langevin knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Paul Langevin
United Kingdom base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_children England
Copenhagen location.administrative_division.country Denmark
This work would earn Rutherford the 1908 Nobel Prize in  chemistry. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Rutherford's explanation of radioactivity at the atomic level caused a sensation in scientific circles: the idea that  atoms could change their identity was revolutionary.
Ernest Marsden influence.influence_node.influenced_by Hans Geiger
Robert William Boyle common.topic.notable_types Academic
Joseph John Thomson people.person.education m.02kq0w4
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Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.person.place_of_birth Kensington
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george gamow worked with ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written The Corpuscular Theory of Matter
William Henry Bragg common.topic.notable_types Academic
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbkz5s
Male base.gender.gender_identity.people m.02_98hd
His results were used later in Langevin's development of sonar. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Theoretical Physicist common.topic.notable_types Profession
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Trinity College, Cambridge location.location.containedby Cambridge
C. F. Powell people.person.education m.0n1lvyr
Female common.topic.subjects ZasPorn
Wolfgang Pauli people.person.gender Male
Bertram Boltwood people.person.profession Geologist
Niels Henrik David Bohr freebase.valuenotation.has_value Height
Scientist common.topic.notable_types Profession
Max Born people.person.nationality Germany
The seventh Guthrie lecture on \"The effect of electric and magnetic fields on spectral lines\" book.written_work.author Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Rutherford Medal common.topic.notable_types Award
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This was the first step towards Einstein's famous law of the equivalence of mass and energy published a decade later. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson work related to albert einstein
This was the first step towards Einstein's famous law of the equivalence of mass and energy published a decade later. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1884,  Thomson was chosen to replace Rayleigh as director of the Cavendish.
Paco Ahlgren influence.influence_node.influenced_by Niels Henrik David Bohr
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0_zfxmg
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Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry people.person.gender Male
Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
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Christian Bohr people.deceased_person.place_of_burial Assistens Cemetery
Chemistry award.award_discipline.awards_in_this_discipline Nobel Prize in Chemistry
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They argued that it was completely at odds with classical physics, and Bohr's use of a classical model to explain the structure and behavior of the nucleus, made the theory even more illogical. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Chemist base.ontologies.ontology_instance.equivalent_instances m.07ndqxd
Germanic peoples people.ethnicity.includes_groups British people
Academic type.type.properties Research areas
At his suggestion, the name \"proton\"  was given to the hydrogen nucleus in 1920. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Rutherford found similar results with other elements  and  announced that the nucleus of any atom must be composed of hydrogen nuclei .
British people common.topic.notable_types Ethnicity
Niels Henrik David Bohr book.author.works_written Atomic stability and conservation laws
For more than a century, it had been known that light from the heating of an element produced characteristics line in the spectrum of the light seen through a prism. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence To confront this problem, Bohr began with the question of atomic spectra.
Paul Langevin base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from paul langevin knew ernest rutherford
Niels Henrik David Bohr symbols.name_source.namesakes Bohr magneton
Henry Moseley people.person.place_of_birth Weymouth, Dorset
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Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry people.person.education m.09vmw9d
Charles Galton Darwin people.person.parents George Darwin
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1904, with Bertram Boltwood, Rutherford worked out the series of transformations that radioactive elements go through and suggested that those with extremely long half-lives might provide a source of energy for sustaining the heat of the Earth's interior.
Manchester base.biblioness.bibs_location.country England
m.0648n6q people.place_lived.person Nazir Ahmed
Russell Crowe people.person.nationality New Zealand
The second concept, the principle of \"correspondence\", suggested that the laws of classical physics could be preserved in light of the new quantum physics. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
joseph john thomson worked under john william strutt base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other John William Strutt
Keith Park military.military_person.participated_in_conflicts World War I
Shane Cleaver people.person.nationality New Zealand
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester education.department.academics_old Bernard Lovell
Over the next few years Thomson also developed a model of the atom that incorporated his discovery, sometimes referred to as the \"plum pudding\" atom, in which he proposed that the atom is a diffuse sphere of positive electrical charge in which discrete, negatively-charged electrons are embedded. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Male biology.hybrid_parent_gender.hybrids m.0d5218t
Wolfgang Pauli base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to niels henrik david bohr his work developed by wolfgang ernst pauli
Melanie Lynskey freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Ernest Rutherford influence.influence_node.influenced Ernest Marsden
George Paget Thomson influence.influence_node.peers m.09c3cxd
Also demonstrated that splitting the atom can transmute one element into another. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
The specific pattern of the lines was unique for each element. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence For more than a century, it had been known that light from the heating of an element produced characteristics line in the spectrum of the light seen through a prism.
United Kingdom location.country.second_level_divisions Edinburgh
Carbonear location.location.containedby Canada
m.0zbth46 award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
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Biology and atomic physics book.written_work.subjects Science
m.0jgy2wj people.marriage.spouse Niels Henrik David Bohr
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory symbols.namesake.named_after Ernest Rutherford
Ngila Dickson people.person.gender Female
Heart failure medicine.icd_9_cm_classification.includes_classifications Heart failure
m.0gxvv0q base.gender.personal_gender_identity.gender_identity Male
He taught Bragg. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence His atomic model was anticipated by Lenard.
The Sceptical Chymist book.book.genre Science
joseph john thomson work related to julius plucker base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others.
British people people.ethnicity.included_in_group Germanic peoples
Award freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Topic
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1876 Thomson won a mathematics scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he would remain for the rest of his life.
The Electrical Structure of Matter book.written_work.author Ernest Rutherford
This would offer a means for estimating the age of the  Earth. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr.
Nancy Wake people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Corneal abrasion
James Chadwick people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford became the first research student to work under English physicist J.J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from ernest rutherford worked with johannes wilhelm geiger
Radiations from Radioactive Substances book.book.editions Radiations from radioactive substances
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons.
m.010g37zq education.education.student Henry DeWolf Smyth
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences For more than a century, it had been known that light from the heating of an element produced characteristics line in the spectrum of the light seen through a prism.
Male base.gender.gender_identity.people m.04j64q8
London location.location.containedby England
m.02zd4tr base.gender.personal_gender_identity.gender_identity Male
Present problems of radioactivity common.topic.notable_types Book
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.gender Male
H. Stanley Allen education.academic.advisors Charles Glover Barkla
William Lawrence Bragg people.person.parents William Henry Bragg
Radioactive Transformations book.book.editions Radioactive transformations
Academic freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Agent
m.0zbswjn award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
m.0zbsx6_ award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.chemical_series Period 7 element
m.02kq0w4 education.education.institution University of Cambridge
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Andrew Adamson
Faraday Medal award.award_category.winners m.0x1b47j
m.0648n6h education.education.student Nazir Ahmed
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences This would offer a means for estimating the age of the  Earth.
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.disciplines_or_subjects Social science
m.03qpk_m influence.peer_relationship.peers Frederick Soddy
niels henrik david bohr his work developed by wolfgang ernst pauli base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms.
During the First World War, Rutherford, serving in the British Navy's Board of Invention and Research, worked on methods of detecting German U-boats (submarines) by underwater acoustics. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Knew Prime Minister Balfour.
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.children Erik Bohr
Brian Sergent people.person.gender Male
Edward Victor Appleton education.academic.advisees J. A. Ratcliffe
Ngila Dickson people.person.nationality New Zealand
By 1934, it had been established that the nucleus consisted of two kinds of particles,  protons and neutrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence But it was unclear how those particles were arranged within the nucleus, and how the nucleus was shaped.
Also demonstrated that splitting the atom can transmute one element into another. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Most renowned achievement was demonstrating that the atom consisted of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.01053lvl
niels henrik david bohr his work developed by werner karl heisenberg base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Niels Henrik David Bohr
Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford corresponded with enrico fermi
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Kidney cancer
Radiations from Radioactive Substances book.book.editions Radiations from radioactive substances
Joseph John Thomson people.deceased_person.place_of_death Cambridge
Analyzing the properties that might be expected, Thomson showed that the sphere would have apparent added mass due to the charge and proportional to the electrostatic energy. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Ernest Marsden people.person.gender Male
joseph john thomson work related to antoine-henri becquerel base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Ernest Rutherford people.person.places_lived m.05t5gz_
Niels Henrik David Bohr education.academic.advisees Robert Bruce Lindsay
m.0zbkz5s award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1929, Geiger took the posts of professor of physics and director of research at the physics institute at the University of Tubingen, Germany, where he worked on increasing the Geiger counter's speed and sensitivity.
Westminster Abbey location.location.events Wedding of Princess Anne and Mark Philips
m.03pfgj8 people.place_lived.location Copenhagen
m.0xngrnm education.education.institution Rutherford College, Kent
Werner Heisenberg freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
Werner Heisenberg freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
Electricity and matter common.topic.notable_types Book
Max Born people.person.profession Scientist
The positive charge on the nucleus would therefore be balanced by an equal charge on all the electrons orbiting the nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Joan Paget Thomson people.person.parents Joseph John Thomson
Ernest Rutherford people.person.profession Scientist
Also in 1920, Rutherford speculated that uncharged particles, which were later called neutrons, must also exist in the nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
joseph john thomson taught julius robert oppenheimer base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation taught
James Chadwick common.topic.notable_for g.125734m57
George Darwin people.person.nationality United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett book.author.works_written Cosmic rays
A photo of Niels Bohr common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Niels Henrik David Bohr
Rutherford demonstrated that X-rays broke gas molecules into electrically charged particles, or ions, of positive and negative electricity, which recombined to form neutral molecules. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Temuera Morrison freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
Bollington location.location.people_born_here James Chadwick
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson people.person.ethnicity Scottish people
Byron  Wells freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson opposed by wilhelm ostwald
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.spouse_s m.0jgy2wj
Frederick Soddy people.person.education m.0n0m58d
Bohr symbols.namesake.named_after Niels Henrik David Bohr
The Young Victoria film.film.featured_film_locations London
Frederick Soddy influence.influence_node.peers m.03qpk_m
Christian Bohr people.person.nationality Denmark
It was not until more than a year later that Rutherford felt he had enough evidence to postulate the modern concept of the atom, which he announced early in 1911. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He deduced that each contained a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons: only that kind of nucleus could repulse the positively charged alpha particles that happened to strike them and produce such enormous deflections.
ernest rutherford work anticipated by philipp eduard anton lenard base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Philipp Lenard
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Mary Paquin
The Young Victoria film.film.featured_film_locations Brighton
Hans Geiger people.person.nationality Germany
Albert Beaumont Wood people.person.place_of_birth England
m.02xlkgn freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
m.03lg_8z education.education.student C. F. Powell
He influenced Kastler. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He attended the funeral of  philologist Jespersen.
The Young Victoria film.film.country United States of America
John William Strutt education.academic.advisors Edward Routh
Joseph John Thomson influence.influence_node.influenced Niels Henrik David Bohr
Rutherford now began to investigate the nature of alpha rays. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Rutherford was now sought by such gifted associates as Otto Hahn, a German physicist who would demonstrate the fissioning of uranium in 1939.
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written The electron in chemistry
heart attack medicine.disease.risk_factors Male
In 1900 Rutherford and his associate Soddy isolated the active part of radioactive thorium, which they named thorium-X, from the apparently-inert parent thorium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt21
m.03zbgr1 award.award_honor.award_winner Edward Victor Appleton
British people common.topic.article m.0d7wp
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to niels henrik david bohr encouraged by ernest rutherford
In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson work related to james clerk maxwell
Physicist people.profession.specializations Theoretical Physicist
Frederick Soddy base.nobelprizes.nobel_prize_winner.nobel_honor m.063vfkn
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0108rxkz
Mathematics award.award_discipline.awards_in_this_discipline Rutherford Medal
joseph john thomson priority dispute with philipp eduard anton lenard base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Philipp Lenard
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written The discharge of electricity through gases
niels henrik david bohr work related to enrico fermi base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac.
Collection of offprint articles common.topic.notable_types Book
Knew Prime Minister Balfour. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Deflection of the rays in electric and magnetic fields proved they were positive particles. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1904, with Bertram Boltwood, Rutherford worked out the series of transformations that radioactive elements go through and suggested that those with extremely long half-lives might provide a source of energy for sustaining the heat of the Earth's interior.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from ernest rutherford work anticipated by philipp eduard anton lenard
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.quotations No, no, you're not thinking; you're just being logical.
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Urolithiasis
Although his appeal did not succeed, Bohr continued to take the lead in promoting such efforts as the First International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, held in Geneva (1955), and in helping to create the European Council for Nuclear Research. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1944, Bohr tried to persuade British prime minister Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the need for international cooperation in establishing a free exchange of people and ideas so that nuclear weapons could be controlled.
Phone Trick base.thoroughbredracing.thoroughbred_racehorse.sex Male
Thomson then developed experiments in which the rays were deflected by both magnetic and electrical fields. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.influenced_by Christian Christiansen
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Ngila Dickson
Brian Sergent people.person.nationality New Zealand
Alexander McAulay common.topic.notable_types Academic
Linus Pauling freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of death
niels henrik david bohr work related to paul adrien maurice dirac base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac.
Frederick Soddy award.award_winner.awards_won m.04j4xfy
Jossi Wells freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbtt2g
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.children Christian Bohr
Rutherford College, Auckland location.location.geolocation m.0wn2k77
Ernest C. Pollard people.person.gender Male
In 1944, Bohr tried to persuade British prime minister Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the need for international cooperation in establishing a free exchange of people and ideas so that nuclear weapons could be controlled. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr appealed to winston churchill
Rutherford returned to full research in 1919, when he made his last great discovery. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence And so the nature of radioactivity was now fully revealed.
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.profession Scientist
niels henrik david bohr work related to enrico fermi base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Niels Henrik David Bohr
Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson work related to julius plucker
Ernest Rutherford award.award_winner.awards_won m.05t5gzn
Philip Burton Moon award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x29nm8
Thomas Henry Huxley people.person.profession Scientist
m.02kq4cl business.employment_tenure.person Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett
Alexander McAulay people.person.profession Physicist
Ernest Rutherford influence.influence_node.influenced Henry Moseley
Mark Oliphant people.person.places_lived m.03pdr0y
joseph john thomson knew arthur balfour base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Temuera Morrison freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
m.09c3cx3 influence.peer_relationship.peers John Cockcroft
m.02xlk3w freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to julius robert oppenheimer met niels henrik david bohr
A few days later, the British government sent an unarmed Mosquito bomber to Sweden to pick up Bohr and fly him to England. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Andrew Niccol
Person freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Agent
Charles Galton Darwin book.author.works_written The Next Million Years
United Kingdom location.country.languages_spoken Cornish Language
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences While bombarding the gold foil with the alpha particles, Geiger and Rutherford noted that the majority of the particles went straight through, but that a few particles were unexpectedly deflected or scattered upon contact with the atoms in the gold, indicating that they had come into contact with an extremely powerful electrical field.
John Zeleny people.person.profession Physicist
The most important aspect of the Bohr liquid-drop model was its later ability to explain the process of nuclear fission (the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two parts, almost equal in mass, following the absorption of a neutron, with the release of a tremendous amount of nuclear energy), discovered in 1938 by Otto Hahn,  Fritz Strassmann and Lise Meitner. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The liquid-drop model was vindicated when Bohr correctly predicted that the differing behavior of the nuclei of uranium-235 and uranium-238 was due to the fact that the number of neutrons in each nucleus was odd and even respectively.
Māori people people.ethnicity.people Kiri Te Kanawa
For a few months, Bohr and his son Aage helped in a British project to make a nuclear fission bomb, then moved to Los Alamos, New Mexico, with a British research team, to work on the Manhattan Project, whose aim was to build the world's first atomic bomb. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence After the War, Bohr, like many other Manhattan researchers -- most notably Oppenheimer (but in direct conflict with fellow nuclear physicist Edward Teller) -- became activists in trying to keep atomic weapons out of the control of the military and under close civilian supervision.
Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence After his death in 1937, Rutherford was buried in Westminster Abbey, London.
Ernest Rutherford common.topic.notable_types Academic
Enrico Fermi people.person.gender Male
In 1897 Thomson found that cathode rays were deflected by electric fields, strong evidence that cathode rays were rapidly-moving charged particles. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester education.department.academics_old William Lawrence Bragg
Māori people people.ethnicity.included_in_group Kiwi
m.0djwp5b protected_sites.natural_or_cultural_site_listing.listed_site Westminster Abbey
Niels Henrik David Bohr book.author.works_written The theory of spectra and atomic constitution
Cardiovascular disease people.cause_of_death.includes_causes_of_death Myocardial Ischemia
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010hjyr9
Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson fellow-psychic with alfred, lord tennyson
He concluded that uranium emitted two distinct types of radiation, which he named \"alpha rays\" -- highly powerful in producing ionization, but easily absorbed -- and \"beta rays\" -- producing less radiation but having more penetrating ability. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Rutherford first studied the radioactive emissions of uranium, systematically wrapping uranium in successive layers of aluminum foil to observe the emissions' penetrating ability.
m.0cr6xq3 organization.organization_membership.member Edward Victor Appleton
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.deceased_person.place_of_burial Assistens Cemetery
joseph john thomson work related to antoine-henri becquerel base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Hair loss
Gender type.property.schema Person
Radio-activity book.book.editions Radio-activity
Albert Einstein common.topic.image Albert Einstein
Chemist common.topic.notable_types Profession
Ernest Rutherford people.deceased_person.place_of_death Cambridge
Henry Moseley book.author.works_written The high-frequency spectra of the elements
Male base.gender.gender_identity.people m.0gxvv0q
m.02wpwkg education.education.institution Trinity College, Cambridge
Mark Oliphant influence.influence_node.influenced_by Ernest Rutherford
m.05t686p education.education.institution University of Cambridge
m.0zbtrqx freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
The final proof  that  alpha particles were helium ions came also in 1908, when Rutherford trapped alpha particles in a glass tube and, by sparking the gas that was produced, showed from its spectrum that it was helium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt55
m.046076q people.place_lived.person Robert William Boyle
m.02wn7q1 education.education.institution Trinity College, Cambridge
ernest rutherford corresponded with albert einstein base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
m.046076g education.education.student Robert William Boyle
British people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Jèrriais
Award freebase.type_hints.included_types Topic
Albert Einstein common.topic.notable_types Academic
m.0kfyrv7 base.animalnames.animal_specific_name_relationship.gender Male
Rutherford College, Kent education.educational_institution.parent_institution University of Kent
m.07nfsy1 base.ontologies.ontology_instance_mapping.freebase_topic Scientist
The most important aspect of the Bohr liquid-drop model was its later ability to explain the process of nuclear fission (the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two parts, almost equal in mass, following the absorption of a neutron, with the release of a tremendous amount of nuclear energy), discovered in 1938 by Otto Hahn,  Fritz Strassmann and Lise Meitner. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Bohr theorized that the nucleus could be likened to a liquid droplet, and that the forces that pull together, or  attract, protons and neutrons, could be compared to the forces that operate between the molecules that make up the droplet, which was constantly oscillating and changing shape in response to its internal forces.
Leslie H. Martin people.person.places_lived m.0648_cg
Linus Pauling freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of death
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett common.topic.notable_for g.125660z21
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Since alpha particles can penetrate thin walls of solids, Rutherford and Geiger presumed they could also move through atoms, and in 1907, with an apparatus Geiger designed, they shot streams of alpha particles through gold foil and onto a screen, where they were observed as \"scintillations\", or tiny flashes of light.
Academic freebase.type_profile.kind Description
Scottish Gaelic language.human_language.main_country United Kingdom
Alexander William Bickerton people.deceased_person.place_of_death London
m.02kq0mk education.education.student Mark Oliphant
British people people.ethnicity.includes_groups British American
Lionel Robert Wilberforce education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
m.0rp65vs education.education.student Niels Henrik David Bohr
joseph john thomson work related to eugen goldstein base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Leslie H. Martin
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He retired as professor of physics from the University of Copenhagen in 1955, but continued to serve as director of the Institute until his death in Copenhagen in 1962.
Aage Bohr people.person.nationality Denmark
Clinton common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
University of Cambridge education.educational_institution.campuses University of Cambridge
The most famous and most outspoken anti-Bohr, however, was German/American physicist Einstein, who never accepted Bohr's claim that quantum mechanics was the \"rational generalization of classical physics\", necessary for the understanding of atomic phenomena. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence During the 30s, Bohr turned to a new, but related, topic: the composition of the atomic nucleus.
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Syphilis
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees John Zeleny
Radioactive Transformations book.book.editions Radioactive transformations
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbssl1
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.deceased_person.cause_of_death Heart failure
In early 1896 Thomson asked Rutherford to help him study the effects of Roentgen's X-rays on the discharge of electricity in gases. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford studied x-rays of wilhelm conrad roentgen
m.0b6ptd5 award.award_honor.award Copley Medal
Physicist fictional_universe.character_occupation.characters_with_this_occupation Daniel Faraday
Temuera Morrison people.person.languages English Language
Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford corresponded with max planck
British people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Llanito
m.046x325 religion.place_of_worship_historical_use.religion Anglicanism
Marie Curie base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to ernest rutherford work related to marie curie
English Language language.human_language.main_country Republic of Ireland
His work related to that of  Marie Curie and Ramsay. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford work related to marie curie
m.0x19t4b freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Parkinson's disease medicine.disease.risk_factors Male
These men had established that if an electrical discharge is caused to pass through a gas under very low pressure in a glass tube, a glowing beam - called a cathode ray - is seen to follow the electrical discharge from one end of the tube to the other, and can be deflected by an electrical or magnetic field superimposed on the tube. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Research into cathode rays were galvanized in 1895 by the discovery by Roentgen of X-rays, a previously unsuspected form of radiation that was also produced in gas discharge tubes (but from the anode rather than the cathode).
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Hirschsprung's disease
Werner Heisenberg freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Tanerau Latimer
Francis William Aston people.deceased_person.place_of_death Cambridge
joseph john thomson priority dispute with philipp eduard anton lenard base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons.
In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Working alone, Rutherford then developed a technique for measuring  the velocity and rate of recombination of these positive and negative ions.
The Artificial Transmutation of the Elements common.topic.notable_types Book
Peter Jackson freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Westminster Abbey protected_sites.listed_site.designation_as_natural_or_cultural_site m.0djwp5b
Stroke medicine.disease.risk_factors Transient ischemic attack
Auckland location.location.containedby New Zealand
m.0n51m98 education.education.student Niels Henrik David Bohr
Auckland base.biblioness.bibs_location.country New Zealand
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Multiple myeloma
Thomas Henry Huxley people.deceased_person.place_of_death Eastbourne
m.0x2g156 award.award_honor.award_winner James Chadwick
Engineer common.topic.notable_types Profession
The best example was the wave-particle duality discovered in the 1930s, in which particles were found to have wavelike characteristics,  and waves to have particle-like properties. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The first was the principle of \"complementarity\" that stated there may be more than one true and accurate way to view natural phenomena.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford demonstrated that X-rays broke gas molecules into electrically charged particles, or ions, of positive and negative electricity, which recombined to form neutral molecules.
Faraday Medal award.award_category.winners m.0x1b520
Foil made from metals with a large atomic number (such as lead) reflected back even more particles. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Charlottetown common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
This work would earn Rutherford the 1908 Nobel Prize in  chemistry. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
William Lawrence Bragg education.academic.departments_old School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
In 1876 Thomson won a mathematics scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he would remain for the rest of his life. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Cornish Language language.human_language.countries_spoken_in England
Max Planck common.topic.notable_types Academic
He was appalled to discover that Thomson had lost interest in the subject and failed to realize the importance of Bohr's thesis. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Keisha Castle-Hughes freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Rutherford model common.topic.image Rutherfordsches Atommodell
m.0b6ptgf freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Myocardial Ischemia
Bohr theorized that the nucleus could be likened to a liquid droplet, and that the forces that pull together, or  attract, protons and neutrons, could be compared to the forces that operate between the molecules that make up the droplet, which was constantly oscillating and changing shape in response to its internal forces. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Academic freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Topic
By 1934, it had been established that the nucleus consisted of two kinds of particles,  protons and neutrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence During the 30s, Bohr turned to a new, but related, topic: the composition of the atomic nucleus.
Niels Henrik David Bohr book.author.works_written The seventh Guthrie lecture on \"The effect of electric and magnetic fields on spectral lines\"
Abram Ioffe education.academic.advisors Wilhelm Röntgen
Alton location.location.containedby United Kingdom
Bohr stated that though it is true that quantum mechanics and relativity are essential to an understanding of phenomena on the atomic scale, any conclusion drawn from these principles must not conflict with the way the everyday world behaved. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The most famous and most outspoken anti-Bohr, however, was German/American physicist Einstein, who never accepted Bohr's claim that quantum mechanics was the \"rational generalization of classical physics\", necessary for the understanding of atomic phenomena.
George Laurence people.person.education m.09l4w4h
In 1876 Thomson won a mathematics scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he would remain for the rest of his life. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere.
Ernest Rutherford common.topic.notable_for g.125gv5z1v
As a result, Rutherford directed physicists John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in 1932 to construct the world's first particle accelerator, and thereby demonstrate the transmutation of elements by  artificial means. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He also showed that bombardment with alpha particles had its limits, finding that large nuclei repelled them without disintegrating.
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences His career was interrupted by World War I (1914-18), during which he served as a signals officer and became interested in radio.
sonar anticipated by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Sonar
Diplomat common.topic.notable_types Profession
Physicist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010kdy9k
Rutherford College, Auckland education.educational_institution.students_graduates m.0_k_910
London base.biblioness.bibs_topic.subsumes London
m.03pry6f people.place_lived.person John Cockcroft
Alexander William Bickerton education.academic.advisors Thomas Henry Huxley
Westminster Abbey location.location.events Funeral of Edward VII
Edward Routh people.person.gender Male
Bret McKenzie fictional_universe.fictional_character.gender Male
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.person.education m.02wp6y2
Scottish people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Scottish Gaelic
Nobel Prize in Chemistry freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date Discontinued
University of Canterbury location.location.containedby New Zealand
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences These men had established that if an electrical discharge is caused to pass through a gas under very low pressure in a glass tube, a glowing beam - called a cathode ray - is seen to follow the electrical discharge from one end of the tube to the other, and can be deflected by an electrical or magnetic field superimposed on the tube.
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory common.topic.notable_types Building complex
m.0648n6h education.education.institution University of Manchester
In 1914, he found that positive rays consist of hydrogen nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
m.0n51xh6 award.award_honor.award_winner Niels Henrik David Bohr
The Young Victoria film.film.country United Kingdom
City/Town/Village freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Topic
m.045x47x people.place_lived.person Niels Henrik David Bohr
Scientist common.topic.article m.06q2_
m.03l6r06 education.education.institution University of Cambridge
Physics award.award_discipline.awards_in_this_discipline Copley Medal
Henry DeWolf Smyth people.person.places_lived m.010g384r
After a long series of experiments, Rutherford concluded that the alpha particles had caused the nitrogen nuclei to disintegrate, forming hydrogen and oxygen nuclei -- the first artificial transformation of one element to another. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Rutherford found similar results with other elements  and  announced that the nucleus of any atom must be composed of hydrogen nuclei .
Male biology.hybrid_parent_gender.hybrids m.0zm9_69
Max Born education.academic.advisees Wolfgang Pauli
During the 1920s and 1930s, Bohr wrote extensively about atomic structures, proposing two concepts that he considered fundamental to the \"new physics\". base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
University of New Zealand education.educational_institution.campuses University of New Zealand
George Laurence people.person.places_lived m.09l4w4q
Darwin–Wedgwood family people.family.country United Kingdom
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Pancreatic cancer
Nelson College education.educational_institution.students_graduates m.0kv984f
Rutherfordium common.topic.image Ernest Rutherford2
m.0zbkw6v award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
John Cockcroft symbols.name_source.namesakes Cockcroft Institute
Ernest Walton people.person.education m.0n13rph
Chemist people.profession.specializations Biochemist
m.0zbkw6v freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Jewish people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken English Language
John William Strutt base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to joseph john thomson worked under john william strutt
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The First World War put a temporary end to Geiger's work and he became an officer in the German artillery.
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Liam Messam
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written Electricity and matter
Christian Bohr people.person.profession Scientist
Male base.animalnames.animal_gender.animal_names m.05bvjy3
Antoine Henri Becquerel base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to ernest rutherford work related to antoine-henri becquerel
Ernest Rutherford book.author.works_written Heating effect of the radium emanation
Auckland Region base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_parent New Zealand
Edward Victor Appleton people.deceased_person.place_of_death Edinburgh
He deduced that each contained a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons: only that kind of nucleus could repulse the positively charged alpha particles that happened to strike them and produce such enormous deflections. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Academic common.topic.article m.03j456c
ernest rutherford corresponded with enrico fermi base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation corresponded with
m.04lph2d education.education.student Henry Moseley
ernest rutherford worked with johannes wilhelm geiger base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation worked with
Paul Dirac common.topic.notable_types Academic
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0_zfxsx
m.0c15zq7 award.award_honor.award_winner C. F. Powell
Academic freebase.type_hints.included_types Topic
New Zealand location.country.official_language English Language
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.education m.0n51m98
Male biology.hybrid_parent_gender.hybrids m.0bm6pqb
Ernest Rutherford people.person.nationality Canada
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Bret McKenzie
The Sceptical Chymist book.book.genre Mathematics
Albert Beaumont Wood education.academic.advisees Mazhar Mahmood Qurashi
Mark Oliphant people.person.places_lived m.04m0ynn
Neustadt an der Weinstraße location.location.containedby Germany
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Within a few years, he helped plan the University of Copenhagen's new Institute for Theoretical Physics, which opened in 1921.
Kiwi people.ethnicity.languages_spoken English Language
Edinburgh base.biblioness.bibs_topic.subsumes Edinburgh
Alton location.location.people_born_here Alexander William Bickerton
Rutherford Medal common.topic.article m.09jrnm
Physicist people.profession.specializations Mathematical Physicist
joseph john thomson work related to albert einstein base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence This was the first step towards Einstein's famous law of the equivalence of mass and energy published a decade later.
Mark Oliphant government.politician.government_positions_held m.0cjvkj7
Deceased Person freebase.type_profile.published Published
m.03gmcbc influence.peer_relationship.peers Hans Geiger
m.02kq4bv business.employment_tenure.person Joseph John Thomson
John William Strutt education.academic.advisees George Paget Thomson
Mark Oliphant people.person.place_of_birth Kent Town
Māori people people.ethnicity.people Russell Crowe
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson superseded by niels henrik david bohr
Male base.gender.gender_identity.people m.04j64rh
Heart failure people.cause_of_death.parent_cause_of_death Cardiovascular disease
Lewis Fry Richardson people.person.profession Physicist
Within a few years, he helped plan the University of Copenhagen's new Institute for Theoretical Physics, which opened in 1921. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from niels henrik david bohr work related to enrico fermi
Owen Willans Richardson people.deceased_person.place_of_death Alton
Niels Henrik David Bohr education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
Bradford location.location.containedby England
joseph john thomson opposed by wilhelm ostwald base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Counting the particles with the use of the electric  radiation \"Geiger\" counter, they divided the total charge produced by the number of particles counted, and arrived at the  conclusion that each particle had two positive charges.
Research into cathode rays were galvanized in 1895 by the discovery by Roentgen of X-rays, a previously unsuspected form of radiation that was also produced in gas discharge tubes (but from the anode rather than the cathode). base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Soon Thomson, working with Rutherford , found that passing X-rays through gases greatly increased their ability to conduct electricity, as the X-rays ionized the gases (they converted gas atoms into ions, which carry an electrical charge and so are good carriers of current), and that the resulting conduction resembled in some ways the conduction by ions during electrolysis of a solution.
George Gamow people.person.profession Chemist
Ernest Rutherford book.author.works_written The Newer Alchemy
Stuart Dryburgh freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Kensington location.neighborhood.neighborhood_of London
Amherst common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
m.09c2xkw business.employment_tenure.person James Chadwick
His work related to that of  Marie Curie and Ramsay. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Bohr continued on at the Copenhagen institute during the early years of the Second World War, helping many scientists escape from Nazi Germany. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence But in September, 1943, after receiving news that his own life was in danger, he and his family were spirited to Sweden by the Danish resistance movement.
In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence This would offer a means for estimating the age of the  Earth.
Deflection of the rays in electric and magnetic fields proved they were positive particles. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He was sure they consisted of positively charged particles and specifically either hydrogen or helium ions.
In 1898, Rutherford accepted a professorship in physics at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, considered to have the best-equipped laboratory in the world. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1900, he also observed what was described by French physicist Paul Villard as \"gamma\" radiation, the  most penetrating type of all.
City of Westminster location.location.containedby United Kingdom
Henry Moseley people.person.education m.0dffcct
During the First World War, Rutherford, serving in the British Navy's Board of Invention and Research, worked on methods of detecting German U-boats (submarines) by underwater acoustics. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence His results were used later in Langevin's development of sonar.
Collection of journal articles common.topic.notable_types Book
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Ben Afeaki
niels henrik david bohr influenced alfred kastler base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Niels Henrik David Bohr
Robert William Boyle common.topic.notable_for g.125btrlx5
Chemist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010hnqv0
He worked with CP Snow. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence CHECK THIS
arthur balfour knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Through his brother-in-law,  Strutt(Lord Rayleigh), Balfour knew men of science, like J. J. Thomson, Rutherford, and Lodge.
George Gamow people.person.nationality United States of America
Knew Prime Minister Balfour. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson knew arthur balfour
joseph john thomson work related to johann wilhelm hittorf base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
H. Stanley Allen education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
m.0ng05w3 award.award_honor.award_winner Niels Henrik David Bohr
m.05ckh_x award.award_honor.award Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to max planck theory applied by niels henrik david bohr
Christian Bohr common.topic.notable_types Deceased Person
Radiations from Radioactive Substances common.topic.notable_types Book
William Henry Bragg people.person.nationality United Kingdom
joseph john thomson worked under john william strutt base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Harriet Brooks people.deceased_person.place_of_death Montreal
ernest rutherford corresponded with max planck base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Max Planck
University of Manchester education.educational_institution.campuses University of Manchester
Esophageal cancer medicine.disease.risk_factors Male
New Zealand location.country.administrative_divisions Tasman District
m.0h586s7 award.award_honor.award_winner Niels Henrik David Bohr
m.0h6fbjj base.ontologies.ontology_instance_mapping.freebase_topic Scientist
Hans Geiger people.person.education m.0n46ccm
Atomic Physics And Human Knowledge book.written_work.author Niels Henrik David Bohr
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Most renowned achievement was demonstrating that the atom consisted of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Esophageal cancer
But Rutherford was totally on Bohr's side and considered him a genius. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
John Zeleny people.person.nationality United States of America
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry common.topic.notable_types Academic
Albert Beaumont Wood people.person.gender Male
By measuring the angle at which the rays were deflected by fields of different magnitudes, he was able to calculate the ratio of the electrical charge to the mass (e/m) for the particles that made up the rays. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.children Hans Henrik Bohr
m.04m0ynn people.place_lived.location Australia
Niels Henrik David Bohr award.award_winner.awards_won m.0h586s7
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Bohr theorized that the nucleus could be likened to a liquid droplet, and that the forces that pull together, or  attract, protons and neutrons, could be compared to the forces that operate between the molecules that make up the droplet, which was constantly oscillating and changing shape in response to its internal forces.
Rutherford College, Auckland location.location.containedby Auckland
Enrico Fermi base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to niels henrik david bohr work related to enrico fermi
Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh time.event.locations Westminster Abbey
Although a great deal of research had been done on spectral lines, their relationship with atoms ( the building blocks of elements) had not been considered. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The specific pattern of the lines was unique for each element.
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The device was designed to be compact, portable and functional, and the signal was able to be amplified so as to trigger a mechanical register -- the familiar audible clicks, which can be recorded automatically.
This was the first step towards Einstein's famous law of the equivalence of mass and energy published a decade later. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Heart failure medicine.disease.includes_diseases Heart failure
Linus Pauling freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.periodic_table_block d-block
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0_zfxy1
ernest rutherford work related to paul langevin base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms.
Deceased Person freebase.type_hints.included_types Topic
Paul Langevin base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to ernest rutherford work related to paul langevin
Award freebase.type_profile.published Published
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester education.department.institution University of Manchester
Ernest Rutherford people.person.ethnicity British people
Rutherford College, Auckland common.topic.notable_for g.12567r50d
He also showed that bombardment with alpha particles had its limits, finding that large nuclei repelled them without disintegrating. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
The most important aspect of the Bohr liquid-drop model was its later ability to explain the process of nuclear fission (the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two parts, almost equal in mass, following the absorption of a neutron, with the release of a tremendous amount of nuclear energy), discovered in 1938 by Otto Hahn,  Fritz Strassmann and Lise Meitner. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Bohr argued that the two parts of  the duality may appear to be inconsistent, or even in conflict, but that both are necessary to obtain a complete view of particles and waves. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The best example was the wave-particle duality discovered in the 1930s, in which particles were found to have wavelike characteristics,  and waves to have particle-like properties.
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0_zfxsf
Linus Pauling education.academic.advisors Niels Henrik David Bohr
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written Notes on Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism
British people common.topic.notable_for g.12592zm_x
Rutherford College, Auckland common.topic.image Rutherford College main gate
Rutherford symbols.namesake.named_after Ernest Rutherford
m.09l4w45 education.education.student George Laurence
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Appleton was a brilliant student who as a postgraduate began working on crystallography.
After his death in 1937, Rutherford was buried in Westminster Abbey, London. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi.
The natural and artificial disintegration of the elements book.written_work.author Ernest Rutherford
London base.biblioness.bibs_location.country United Kingdom
Bohr model symbols.namesake.named_after Niels Henrik David Bohr
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to oliver heaviside theory proved by edward victor appleton
Henry Moseley symbols.name_source.namesakes Moseley
George Laurence people.person.education m.09l4w4b
Alexander McAulay people.person.gender Male
Linus Pauling people.person.profession Physicist
Ernest Rutherford people.person.places_lived m.0w3zx3h
Leslie H. Martin people.person.education m.0648_c7
Organization freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Topic
Owen Willans Richardson people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-266
They charted how thorium-X gradually lost its radioactivity, while the original thorium regained its  activity, illustrating that thorium-X had its own distinctive half-life, much shorter than the half-life of thorium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1900 Rutherford and his associate Soddy isolated the active part of radioactive thorium, which they named thorium-X, from the apparently-inert parent thorium.
John Cockcroft base.nobelprizes.nobel_prize_winner.nobel_honor m.063xfm2
Bohr compactification symbols.namesake.named_after Niels Henrik David Bohr
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m.0b7bgg5 education.education.student Ernest Walton
arthur balfour knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation knew
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Albert Einstein base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to niels henrik david bohr opposed by albert einstein
Paul Dirac people.person.profession Mathematician
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He attended the funeral of  philologist Jespersen.
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences His work related to that of Becquerel and Lorenz.
Coronation of Elizabeth I of England time.event.locations Westminster Abbey
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010hvt6k
An introduction to chemical energetics book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
Ernest Rutherford symbols.name_source.namesakes Rutherford model
Bohr began to develop a model of the atom in which electrons were disposed in rings around the nucleus -- a first step towards an explanation of atomic structure. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Joseph John Thomson base.nobelprizes.nobel_prize_winner.nobel_honor m.0646h0k
Stephen T. Kay people.person.nationality United States of America
Bohrium chemistry.chemical_element.chemical_series Metal
Politician base.onephylogeny.type_of_thing.things_of_this_type Diplomat
Anglicanism religion.religion.places_of_worship_historical m.046x325
Linus Pauling freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
Male base.skosbase.vocabulary_equivalent_topic.equivalent_concept Males
m.05bvk3z base.animalnames.animal_specific_name_relationship.gender Male
Atomic stability and conservation laws book.written_work.author Niels Henrik David Bohr
m.0n4tsw9 people.sibling_relationship.sibling Niels Henrik David Bohr
Clinton location.location.containedby United States of America
Joseph John Thomson award.award_winner.awards_won m.0b6pyv_
Joseph John Thomson common.topic.article m.0j698
Ngila Dickson freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
Christian Christiansen people.person.profession Physicist
m.0b6ptdy freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Bertram Boltwood people.person.education m.04ftvn9
charles percy snow worked with ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Trinity College, Cambridge location.location.containedby England
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson taught julius robert oppenheimer
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry common.topic.article m.03cf0s5
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He taught Bragg.
William Lawrence Bragg symbols.namesake.named_after William Henry Bragg
Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people David de Lautour
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences But many physicists were not persuaded.
Physicist people.profession.specializations Medical Physicist
Rays of positive electricity and their application to chemical analyses common.topic.notable_types Book
ernest rutherford taught william henry bragg base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other William Henry Bragg
Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson priority dispute with philipp eduard anton lenard
Lise Meitner education.academic.advisors Max Planck
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0107gptl
The electron in chemistry book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
The process entailed firing alpha particles into a nearly evacuated tube with a strong electric field. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The resulting ionizing effect in the gas could be detected not only by an electrometer (a device that measured electric charge in a gas), but visually (as the alpha particles struck a zinc sulfide screen, they caused an identifiable flash, or  \"scintillation\").
george gamow worked with ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence After graduating from the University of Petrograd at 24, Gamow spent the summer of 1928 at the University of Gottingen, where he read about Rutherford's failed attempts to bombard uranium nuclei with alpha (positively charged) particles that have as much as double the energy of the alpha particles emitted by the nuclei.
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Ernest Walton
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The most famous and most outspoken anti-Bohr, however, was German/American physicist Einstein, who never accepted Bohr's claim that quantum mechanics was the \"rational generalization of classical physics\", necessary for the understanding of atomic phenomena.
His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr work related to max born
Edward Victor Appleton education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
The Young Victoria media_common.netflix_title.netflix_genres Biography
Alton common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Linus Pauling people.person.profession Biochemist
Properties of Matter book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
The seventh Guthrie lecture on \"The effect of electric and magnetic fields on spectral lines\" common.topic.notable_types Book
Peter Jackson freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
Albert Einstein freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of death
Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics, and in 1908 he was knighted for his scientific achievements. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Between 1906 and 1914 Thomson entered his second and last great period of research, which he devoted to the study of \"canal rays\", streams of positively charged ions (first discovered by Eugen Goldstein), which Thomson named \"positive rays.\" Using magnetic and electric fields to deflect these rays, in 1912 he found that ions of neon gas are deflected by different amounts, indicating that they consist of a mixture of ions with different charge-to-mass ratios.
Keith Urban people.person.languages English Language
In 1914, he found that positive rays consist of hydrogen nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt6y
m.0n0m58d education.education.student Frederick Soddy
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences They charted how thorium-X gradually lost its radioactivity, while the original thorium regained its  activity, illustrating that thorium-X had its own distinctive half-life, much shorter than the half-life of thorium.
Blackett showed that the bombardment of alpha particles combined with the nucleus before disintegration, and did not break the nucleus apart like a bullet. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Under Rutherford's direction, English physicist Patrick Blackett in 1925 used the cloud chamber  apparatus, developed by Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson, to record the tracks of disintegrated nuclei.
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbt7zg
Lise Meitner common.topic.notable_types Academic
Thomas Henry Huxley education.academic.advisees Alexander William Bickerton
Recollections and Reflection book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
Although his appeal did not succeed, Bohr continued to take the lead in promoting such efforts as the First International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, held in Geneva (1955), and in helping to create the European Council for Nuclear Research. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to wolfgang ernst pauli worked with niels henrik david bohr
Scientist common.topic.notable_for g.1256w23rh
This work was later continued by one of Thomson's students, Francis Aston (developer of the mass spectrograph), and others, and lead to the discovery of many other isotopes, vital to the understanding of the heavy radioactive elements, such as uranium and radium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Female medicine.risk_factor.diseases Kyphosis
Over the next few years Thomson also developed a model of the atom that incorporated his discovery, sometimes referred to as the \"plum pudding\" atom, in which he proposed that the atom is a diffuse sphere of positive electrical charge in which discrete, negatively-charged electrons are embedded. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons.
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Joseph John Thomson award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x19t4b
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He used the new British Broadcasting Company's transmitter at Bournemouth on the south coast of England, varying a signal  at a constant rate  so that interference between the direct waves from the ground and the reflected waves from the sky produced the regular fading in and out of the radio waves.
Philadelphia location.hud_county_place.place Philadelphia
Kiwi common.topic.image Flight of the Conchords @ Gramercy, 2007
By the end of his career, seven Nobel Prizes were awarded to those who worked under Thomson, including his own son, George Thomson and the German physicist Born . base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
George Darwin education.academic.advisors Edward Routh
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.influenced_by Søren Kierkegaard
He knew Balfour. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence CHECK THIS
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Also in 1920, Rutherford speculated that uncharged particles, which were later called neutrons, must also exist in the nucleus.
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.person.profession Politician
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The discharge of electricity through gases book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
m.010g37zq education.education.major_field_of_study Physics
He taught Bragg. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford taught william henry bragg
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Byron  Wells people.person.nationality New Zealand
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In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Analyzing the properties that might be expected, Thomson showed that the sphere would have apparent added mass due to the charge and proportional to the electrostatic energy.
Philadelphia base.biblioness.bibs_topic.subsumes Philadelphia
Harald Bohr freebase.valuenotation.has_value Date of birth
Ernest William Titterton people.person.nationality Australia
m.03lsdr7 education.education.institution University of Manchester
He retired as professor of physics from the University of Copenhagen in 1955, but continued to serve as director of the Institute until his death in Copenhagen in 1962. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Although his appeal did not succeed, Bohr continued to take the lead in promoting such efforts as the First International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, held in Geneva (1955), and in helping to create the European Council for Nuclear Research.
Chemist book.book_subject.works The Sceptical Chymist
Collection of offprint articles book.written_work.author Niels Henrik David Bohr
Alexander William Bickerton people.person.place_of_birth Alton
Joseph John Thomson people.person.children George Paget Thomson
George Darwin people.person.children Charles Galton Darwin
Paul Langevin people.person.profession Physicist
Cambridge common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Henry Moseley people.deceased_person.cause_of_death Killed in action
Bret McKenzie people.person.gender Male
Here he turned from uranium to thorium -- another radioactive element -- which he found produced an intensely radioactive gas, a new radioactive substance that he called \"emanation\". base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
New Zealand base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_children Tasman District
Todmorden location.location.containedby United Kingdom
Niels Henrik David Bohr education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
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In 1944, Bohr tried to persuade British prime minister Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the need for international cooperation in establishing a free exchange of people and ideas so that nuclear weapons could be controlled. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence After the War, Bohr, like many other Manhattan researchers -- most notably Oppenheimer (but in direct conflict with fellow nuclear physicist Edward Teller) -- became activists in trying to keep atomic weapons out of the control of the military and under close civilian supervision.
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Geiger and Rutherford also established the basic unit of electrical charge when it was involved in electrical activity, which was equivalent to that carried by a single hydrogen atom.
English Language language.human_language.main_country United Kingdom
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A few days later, the British government sent an unarmed Mosquito bomber to Sweden to pick up Bohr and fly him to England. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence But in September, 1943, after receiving news that his own life was in danger, he and his family were spirited to Sweden by the Danish resistance movement.
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McGill University location.location.containedby Canada
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joseph john thomson fellow-psychic with alfred russel wallace base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle.
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1924 he was appointed professor of physics at London University and during his first year experimentally verified the theory put forward (separately) in 1902 by Heaviside and Kennelly  of an ionized layer in the upper atmosphere that reflected radio waves back to Earth.
m.03pn_d6 people.place_lived.person Ernest Walton
Niels Henrik David Bohr common.topic.image Niels Bohr Date Unverified LOC
Nazir Ahmed people.deceased_person.place_of_death Pakistan
Male base.animalnames.animal_gender.animal_names m.0kfyrt3
Stuart Dryburgh freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
Rutherford was now sought by such gifted associates as Otto Hahn, a German physicist who would demonstrate the fissioning of uranium in 1939. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence This work would earn Rutherford the 1908 Nobel Prize in  chemistry.
Ernest Rutherford symbols.name_source.namesakes Rutherford Hotel
Philip Burton Moon people.person.profession Physicist
Carbonear location.location.people_born_here Robert William Boyle
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Henry Moseley people.person.nationality United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
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Under Rutherford's direction, English physicist Patrick Blackett in 1925 used the cloud chamber  apparatus, developed by Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson, to record the tracks of disintegrated nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees Charles Glover Barkla
England location.administrative_division.country United Kingdom
Nelson common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
John Cockcroft people.person.education m.09hxvmm
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Cardiovascular disease
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Ernest Rutherford common.topic.image Rutherford crocodile
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1898, Rutherford accepted a professorship in physics at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, considered to have the best-equipped laboratory in the world.
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H. Stanley Allen people.person.gender Male
Physicist people.profession.specialization_of Scientist
Bohr theorized that the nucleus could be likened to a liquid droplet, and that the forces that pull together, or  attract, protons and neutrons, could be compared to the forces that operate between the molecules that make up the droplet, which was constantly oscillating and changing shape in response to its internal forces. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The most important aspect of the Bohr liquid-drop model was its later ability to explain the process of nuclear fission (the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two parts, almost equal in mass, following the absorption of a neutron, with the release of a tremendous amount of nuclear energy), discovered in 1938 by Otto Hahn,  Fritz Strassmann and Lise Meitner.
Hans Henrik Bohr freebase.valuenotation.has_value Date of birth
ernest rutherford worked with niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Pyloric stenosis
From this research, Rutherford and Soddy in 1903 were able to put together the modern understanding of radioactivity. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt2h
Thomson common.topic.notable_types Extraterrestrial location
Stuart Dryburgh people.person.gender Male
Book freebase.type_profile.published Published
After his death in 1937, Rutherford was buried in Westminster Abbey, London. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Although a great deal of research had been done on spectral lines, their relationship with atoms ( the building blocks of elements) had not been considered. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Bohr came up with a possible solution to the problem: he hypothesized that certain orbits existed within an atom in which an electron could travel without radiating energy.
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ANU Research School of Physics and Engineering education.educational_institution_campus.educational_institution ANU Research School of Physics and Engineering
Edward Routh people.person.nationality United Kingdom
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Hans Geiger common.topic.notable_for g.1256g95x7
Male base.animalnames.animal_gender.animal_names m.05bvkm6
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Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences This work was later continued by one of Thomson's students, Francis Aston (developer of the mass spectrograph), and others, and lead to the discovery of many other isotopes, vital to the understanding of the heavy radioactive elements, such as uranium and radium.
Charles Galton Darwin people.person.place_of_birth Cambridge
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University of Cambridge location.location.containedby England
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Within a few years, he helped plan the University of Copenhagen's new Institute for Theoretical Physics, which opened in 1921. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Bohr worked at Manchester from 1914 to 1916, but returned to the University of Copenhagen, where a chair of theoretical physics had been created especially for him.
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Niels Henrik David Bohr symbols.name_source.namesakes Bohrium
Harriet Brooks people.person.place_of_birth Exeter, Ontario
George Darwin people.person.profession Mathematician
Edward Victor Appleton award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x1b47j
Henry DeWolf Smyth people.deceased_person.place_of_burial Philadelphia
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Earlier, in 1900, Bequerel had identified beta rays with cathode rays, which were shown to be electrons.
Dungarvan common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
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Nancy Wake people.deceased_person.place_of_death London
Rutherford College, Auckland common.topic.webpage m.03lfgfz
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After the War, Bohr, like many other Manhattan researchers -- most notably Oppenheimer (but in direct conflict with fellow nuclear physicist Edward Teller) -- became activists in trying to keep atomic weapons out of the control of the military and under close civilian supervision. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Republic of Ireland location.country.languages_spoken English Language
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m.0tm2gmx award.award_honor.award Franklin Medal
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Lise Meitner people.deceased_person.place_of_death Cambridge
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Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.person.gender Male
Bradford location.location.containedby United Kingdom
August Krogh common.topic.notable_types Academic
Alexander McAulay people.person.profession Mathematician
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Māori people people.ethnicity.people Jemaine Clement
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Thomson symbols.namesake.named_after Joseph John Thomson
Between 1906 and 1914 Thomson entered his second and last great period of research, which he devoted to the study of \"canal rays\", streams of positively charged ions (first discovered by Eugen Goldstein), which Thomson named \"positive rays.\" Using magnetic and electric fields to deflect these rays, in 1912 he found that ions of neon gas are deflected by different amounts, indicating that they consist of a mixture of ions with different charge-to-mass ratios. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics, and in 1908 he was knighted for his scientific achievements.
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Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton
England location.location.containedby United Kingdom
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Hans Geiger law.inventor.inventions Geiger counter
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John Cockcroft people.person.religion Christianity
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences His work related to that of  Marie Curie and Ramsay.
The second concept, the principle of \"correspondence\", suggested that the laws of classical physics could be preserved in light of the new quantum physics. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Bohr stated that though it is true that quantum mechanics and relativity are essential to an understanding of phenomena on the atomic scale, any conclusion drawn from these principles must not conflict with the way the everyday world behaved.
After his death in 1937, Rutherford was buried in Westminster Abbey, London. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0ztdf
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Thomson made the first public declaration of his revolutionary findings in an evening speech to the Royal Institution on 30 April 1897. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
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Charles Galton Darwin education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to charles percy snow worked with ernest rutherford
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Robert William Boyle common.topic.article m.03nwvk3
The final proof  that  alpha particles were helium ions came also in 1908, when Rutherford trapped alpha particles in a glass tube and, by sparking the gas that was produced, showed from its spectrum that it was helium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
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This convinced Rutherford that the explanation must lie in the nature of the metal atoms in the foil. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
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Mark Oliphant people.person.profession Physicist
Albert Einstein people.person.nationality United States of America
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His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr work related to paul adrien maurice dirac
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Arthur Balfour people.person.profession Politician
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Wolfgang Pauli influence.influence_node.influenced_by Niels Henrik David Bohr
Deflection of the rays in electric and magnetic fields proved they were positive particles. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
H. Stanley Allen people.person.profession Physicist
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.sibling_s m.0k6lnqk
Measuring the  wavelengths of the rays, they found that they lay beyond X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Earlier, in 1900, Bequerel had identified beta rays with cathode rays, which were shown to be electrons.
Here he turned from uranium to thorium -- another radioactive element -- which he found produced an intensely radioactive gas, a new radioactive substance that he called \"emanation\". base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence This was a decay product of thorium, and Rutherford also observed that the radioactivity of \"emanation\" gradually decreased geometrically with time, an occurrence now known as the half-life of a radioactive substance -- the measurement of the time it takes for half of a substance to decay.
Bohr worked at Manchester from 1914 to 1916, but returned to the University of Copenhagen, where a chair of theoretical physics had been created especially for him. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Within a few years, he helped plan the University of Copenhagen's new Institute for Theoretical Physics, which opened in 1921.
George Laurence people.person.gender Male
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Charles Thomson Rees Wilson people.person.gender Male
Niels Henrik David Bohr symbols.name_source.namesakes 3948 Bohr
Ernest Marsden people.person.nationality England
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Rutherford common.topic.article m.09lkmr
Andrew Adamson people.person.gender Male
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Jack Abbott people.person.nationality United States of America
Abdominal aortic aneurysm medicine.disease.risk_factors Male
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Ernest Rutherford people.person.profession Chemist
The resulting ionizing effect in the gas could be detected not only by an electrometer (a device that measured electric charge in a gas), but visually (as the alpha particles struck a zinc sulfide screen, they caused an identifiable flash, or  \"scintillation\"). base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Counting the particles with the use of the electric  radiation \"Geiger\" counter, they divided the total charge produced by the number of particles counted, and arrived at the  conclusion that each particle had two positive charges.
m.02kq0ns education.education.institution University of Cambridge
Christian Bohr people.deceased_person.place_of_death Copenhagen
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Ernest Rutherford book.author.works_written The Electrical Structure of Matter
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Between 1906 and 1914 Thomson entered his second and last great period of research, which he devoted to the study of \"canal rays\", streams of positively charged ions (first discovered by Eugen Goldstein), which Thomson named \"positive rays.\" Using magnetic and electric fields to deflect these rays, in 1912 he found that ions of neon gas are deflected by different amounts, indicating that they consist of a mixture of ions with different charge-to-mass ratios. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Keith Park people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1944, Bohr tried to persuade British prime minister Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the need for international cooperation in establishing a free exchange of people and ideas so that nuclear weapons could be controlled.
m.0x19_0j freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Enrico Fermi base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to ernest rutherford corresponded with enrico fermi
joseph john thomson taught paul langevin base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
In 1897 Thomson found that cathode rays were deflected by electric fields, strong evidence that cathode rays were rapidly-moving charged particles. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Soon Thomson, working with Rutherford , found that passing X-rays through gases greatly increased their ability to conduct electricity, as the X-rays ionized the gases (they converted gas atoms into ions, which carry an electrical charge and so are good carriers of current), and that the resulting conduction resembled in some ways the conduction by ions during electrolysis of a solution.
Joseph John Thomson people.person.nationality United Kingdom
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His results were used later in Langevin's development of sonar. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence During the First World War, Rutherford, serving in the British Navy's Board of Invention and Research, worked on methods of detecting German U-boats (submarines) by underwater acoustics.
Nazir Ahmed education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics, and in 1908 he was knighted for his scientific achievements. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
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Rutherford found similar results with other elements  and  announced that the nucleus of any atom must be composed of hydrogen nuclei . base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence At his suggestion, the name \"proton\"  was given to the hydrogen nucleus in 1920.
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In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt0m
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The process entailed firing alpha particles into a nearly evacuated tube with a strong electric field. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Using their own invention, an apparatus using ionization chambers and scintillation screens, Rutherford and Geiger came up with a method for counting alpha particles precisely.
His work related to that of  Marie Curie and Ramsay. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He knew Balfour.
Christian Bohr freebase.valuenotation.has_value Place of birth
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By measuring the angle at which the rays were deflected by fields of different magnitudes, he was able to calculate the ratio of the electrical charge to the mass (e/m) for the particles that made up the rays. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He found that the e/m for the cathode ray \"corpuscles\" (as Thomson called them) was constant for any gas used in the experiment (whatever particle it was that made up the cathode rays occurred in all gases and was, therefore, a component of all of the different atoms of which those gases were made), and that this e/m ratio was over 1000 times larger than the ratio for the hydrogen ion, the lightest atom known.
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Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He taught Langevin, Bragg and Oppenheimer.
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Joseph John Thomson award.award_winner.awards_won m.0pbd_bb
Lahore common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Cardiovascular disease medicine.disease_cause.diseases Transient ischemic attack
George Laurence people.person.place_of_birth Charlottetown
In 1900 Rutherford and his associate Soddy isolated the active part of radioactive thorium, which they named thorium-X, from the apparently-inert parent thorium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
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Ernest Bohr people.person.gender Male
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In 1919, Rutherford succeeded Thomson as director of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Also in 1920, Rutherford speculated that uncharged particles, which were later called neutrons, must also exist in the nucleus.
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Frederick Soddy people.deceased_person.place_of_death Brighton
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In 1900 Rutherford and his associate Soddy isolated the active part of radioactive thorium, which they named thorium-X, from the apparently-inert parent thorium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence They charted how thorium-X gradually lost its radioactivity, while the original thorium regained its  activity, illustrating that thorium-X had its own distinctive half-life, much shorter than the half-life of thorium.
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George Gamow common.topic.notable_types Academic
After the War, Bohr, like many other Manhattan researchers -- most notably Oppenheimer (but in direct conflict with fellow nuclear physicist Edward Teller) -- became activists in trying to keep atomic weapons out of the control of the military and under close civilian supervision. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1944, Bohr tried to persuade British prime minister Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the need for international cooperation in establishing a free exchange of people and ideas so that nuclear weapons could be controlled.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to enrico fermi honored by ernest rutherford
heart attack medicine.risk_factor.diseases Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Philip Burton Moon people.person.nationality United Kingdom
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m.0zbt55s award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
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m.03lg_8z education.education.institution University of Cambridge
University of Manchester location.location.containedby England
Werner Heisenberg people.person.gender Male
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences But it was unclear how those particles were arranged within the nucleus, and how the nucleus was shaped.
m.07n73w_ base.gender.personal_gender_identity.gender_identity Male
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Byron  Wells freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Bohr continued on at the Copenhagen institute during the early years of the Second World War, helping many scientists escape from Nazi Germany. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The liquid-drop model was vindicated when Bohr correctly predicted that the differing behavior of the nuclei of uranium-235 and uranium-238 was due to the fact that the number of neutrons in each nucleus was odd and even respectively.
Yulii Borisovich Khariton law.inventor.inventions Tsar Bomba
Auckland common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Physicist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.01066smw
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to lord kelvin criticized ernest rutherford
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett book.author.works_written The gap widens
Bohr stated that though it is true that quantum mechanics and relativity are essential to an understanding of phenomena on the atomic scale, any conclusion drawn from these principles must not conflict with the way the everyday world behaved. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The second concept, the principle of \"correspondence\", suggested that the laws of classical physics could be preserved in light of the new quantum physics.
He knew Balfour. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford knew arthur balfour
In 1900, he also observed what was described by French physicist Paul Villard as \"gamma\" radiation, the  most penetrating type of all. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1898, Rutherford accepted a professorship in physics at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, considered to have the best-equipped laboratory in the world.
Pakistan location.country.official_language English Language
During the 30s, Bohr turned to a new, but related, topic: the composition of the atomic nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence By 1934, it had been established that the nucleus consisted of two kinds of particles,  protons and neutrons.
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C. F. Powell people.person.education m.03lg_8z
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Manchester location.location.containedby United Kingdom
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Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry common.topic.notable_for g.125619h76
Joseph John Thomson people.person.profession Physicist
Denmark location.country.administrative_divisions Copenhagen
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English Language language.human_language.main_country Canada
Niels Henrik David Bohr common.topic.article m.059yb
He was sure they consisted of positively charged particles and specifically either hydrogen or helium ions. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Marie Curie people.person.profession Physicist
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The wire and tube were under a high voltage, and each alpha particle arriving through a window at one end of the tube caused the gas to ionize, producing a momentary flow of current.
Within a few years, he helped plan the University of Copenhagen's new Institute for Theoretical Physics, which opened in 1921. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He served as its director for the next 40 years.
Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Jj-thomson2.jpg common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Joseph John Thomson
Werner Heisenberg education.academic.advisors Niels Henrik David Bohr
Max Planck people.person.gender Male
niels henrik david bohr work related to paul adrien maurice dirac base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Paul Dirac
New Zealand base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_children Nelson
He taught Langevin, Bragg and Oppenheimer. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson taught paul langevin
English Language language.human_language.countries_spoken_in England
philipp eduard anton lenard anticipated ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Yulii Borisovich Khariton common.topic.notable_for g.1259xlxy1
Montreal common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Joseph John Thomson people.person.employment_history m.02kq4bv
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.influenced_by Harald Høffding
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.children Aage Bohr
Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics, and in 1908 he was knighted for his scientific achievements. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence However, this model was never very successful, and from the work of Rutherford, Thomson's successor at the Cavendish, and Bohr a better picture - of the nuclear atom - would soon evolve.
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Ernest Rutherford symbols.name_source.namesakes Rutherford College, Kent
Physics award.award_discipline.awards_in_this_discipline Matteucci Medal
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Geiger's work with Rutherford and another young physicist, Ernest Marsden, brought Rutherford finally to the conclusion, in 1911, that the atoms contained a positively charged core or nucleus which repelled the alpha particles, the observed deflection of the alpha particles being due to the positively charged particle being repelled by the positively charged nuclei in the metal.
Joseph John Thomson people.person.education m.02wpwkg
Academic freebase.type_profile.published Published
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to paul langevin knew ernest rutherford
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Nazir Ahmed influence.influence_node.influenced_by Ernest Rutherford
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The final proof  that  alpha particles were helium ions came also in 1908, when Rutherford trapped alpha particles in a glass tube and, by sparking the gas that was produced, showed from its spectrum that it was helium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Rutherford's next major discovery came in 1909.
Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson work related to johann wilhelm hittorf
Albert Einstein freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of death
John Britten people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Yulii Borisovich Khariton people.person.ethnicity Jewish people
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Joseph John Thomson symbols.name_source.namesakes Thomson
Max Delbrück influence.influence_node.influenced_by Niels Henrik David Bohr
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James Chadwick people.person.employment_history m.09c2xkw
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Russell Crowe people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Ernest Walton people.person.place_of_birth Dungarvan
City/Town/Village freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Agent
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Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Although a great deal of research had been done on spectral lines, their relationship with atoms ( the building blocks of elements) had not been considered.
Andrew Adamson people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In early 1896 Thomson asked Rutherford to help him study the effects of Roentgen's X-rays on the discharge of electricity in gases.
McGill University education.educational_institution_campus.educational_institution McGill University
George Paget Thomson people.person.parents Joseph John Thomson
m.02kq4cl business.employment_tenure.company University of Cambridge
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Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to otto jespersen funeral attended by niels henrik david bohr
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Toby Segaran people.person.place_of_birth Auckland
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Albert Einstein people.person.profession Physicist
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Rutherford College, Auckland common.topic.article m.09fhx4
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Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-264
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences After his death in 1937, Rutherford was buried in Westminster Abbey, London.
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Antoine Henri Becquerel common.topic.notable_types Academic
Henry Moseley people.person.gender Male
England location.country.capital London
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0106588t
m.02wntpq education.education.student Ernest Rutherford
Brighton common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
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Rutherford was now sought by such gifted associates as Otto Hahn, a German physicist who would demonstrate the fissioning of uranium in 1939. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt37
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Canberra location.location.containedby Australia
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.education m.03l8d6m
Edward Routh education.academic.advisees John William Strutt
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The most famous and most outspoken anti-Bohr, however, was German/American physicist Einstein, who never accepted Bohr's claim that quantum mechanics was the \"rational generalization of classical physics\", necessary for the understanding of atomic phenomena. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr opposed by albert einstein
In 1922, the brilliant success of his work on atomic structure earned him the Nobel Prize for physics. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford was now sought by such gifted associates as Otto Hahn, a German physicist who would demonstrate the fissioning of uranium in 1939.
Niels Henrik David Bohr award.award_winner.awards_won m.0n51zbx
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John Zeleny people.person.place_of_birth United States of America
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from ernest rutherford taught william henry bragg
Rutherford was now sought by such gifted associates as Otto Hahn, a German physicist who would demonstrate the fissioning of uranium in 1939. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
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Niels Henrik David Bohr award.award_winner.awards_won m.02xlkgn
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Aage Bohr people.person.place_of_birth Copenhagen
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Lise Meitner people.person.gender Female
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Harriet Brooks people.person.gender Female
Bohr began to develop a model of the atom in which electrons were disposed in rings around the nucleus -- a first step towards an explanation of atomic structure. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Rutherford had discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911 from his work on alpha rays.
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Albert Einstein freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
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A treatise on the motion of vortex rings book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
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Elements of the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism common.topic.notable_types Book
However, he later observed the same effect when alpha particles were fired into nitrogen. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence After a long series of experiments, Rutherford concluded that the alpha particles had caused the nitrogen nuclei to disintegrate, forming hydrogen and oxygen nuclei -- the first artificial transformation of one element to another.
Yulii Borisovich Khariton education.academic.advisors Abram Ioffe
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisors Alexander William Bickerton
Albert Einstein base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from albert einstein knew niels henrik david bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences For a few months, Bohr and his son Aage helped in a British project to make a nuclear fission bomb, then moved to Los Alamos, New Mexico, with a British research team, to work on the Manhattan Project, whose aim was to build the world's first atomic bomb.
In 1922, the brilliant success of his work on atomic structure earned him the Nobel Prize for physics. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Keith Park people.person.gender Male
Rutherford College, Auckland common.topic.notable_types School
Person type.property.reverse_property Appointments, fellowships, etc.
Joseph James Thomson people.person.gender Male
Henry DeWolf Smyth people.person.education m.010g37lv
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He also showed that bombardment with alpha particles had its limits, finding that large nuclei repelled them without disintegrating.
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Paul Langevin people.person.gender Male
He deduced that each contained a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons: only that kind of nucleus could repulse the positively charged alpha particles that happened to strike them and produce such enormous deflections. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence This convinced Rutherford that the explanation must lie in the nature of the metal atoms in the foil.
In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
James Chadwick people.person.place_of_birth Bollington
In early 1912, moved to Manchester to spend three months working on Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Westminster Abbey travel.travel_destination.tour_operators Adventures by Disney - England and France Vacation
His atomic model was anticipated by Lenard. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
m.0zbsxzx award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
James Chadwick book.author.works_written Radiations from Radioactive Substances
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to arthur balfour knew ernest rutherford
After a long series of experiments, Rutherford concluded that the alpha particles had caused the nitrogen nuclei to disintegrate, forming hydrogen and oxygen nuclei -- the first artificial transformation of one element to another. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence However, he later observed the same effect when alpha particles were fired into nitrogen.
Murray Hewitt fictional_universe.fictional_character.ethnicity Kiwi
In 1914, he found that positive rays consist of hydrogen nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He and Edward Andrade, by diffracting them with a crystal, showed that gamma rays were electromagnetic waves.
joseph john thomson superseded by niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence However, this model was never very successful, and from the work of Rutherford, Thomson's successor at the Cavendish, and Bohr a better picture - of the nuclear atom - would soon evolve.
Brightwater location.location.people_born_here Ernest Andrews
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
Trinity College, Cambridge location.location.containedby United Kingdom
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences His results were used later in Langevin's development of sonar.
Alexander William Bickerton common.topic.notable_types Academic
George Gamow people.person.nationality Russia
Mark Oliphant award.award_winner.awards_won m.05t5sqp
Henry DeWolf Smyth award.award_winner.awards_won m.010dytn6
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Taught at Owens College by O Reynolds.
Charles Glover Barkla people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Chemist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010f2qyn
This was a decay product of thorium, and Rutherford also observed that the radioactivity of \"emanation\" gradually decreased geometrically with time, an occurrence now known as the half-life of a radioactive substance -- the measurement of the time it takes for half of a substance to decay. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
m.0zbl4w7 award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
Ben Afeaki people.person.place_of_birth New Zealand
Faraday Medal award.award_category.winners m.0x19t4b
However, this model was never very successful, and from the work of Rutherford, Thomson's successor at the Cavendish, and Bohr a better picture - of the nuclear atom - would soon evolve. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
He knew Balfour. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence His work related to that of  Marie Curie and Ramsay.
Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson work related to eugen goldstein
John Cockcroft common.topic.notable_types Academic
William Henry Bragg education.academic.advisees William Lawrence Bragg
Deceased Person freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Topic
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Date of death rdf-schema#domain Deceased Person
m.05t5gzt award.award_honor.award Rumford Medal
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences A few days later, the British government sent an unarmed Mosquito bomber to Sweden to pick up Bohr and fly him to England.
Faraday Medal award.award_category.category_of Faraday Medal
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1900 Rutherford and his associate Soddy isolated the active part of radioactive thorium, which they named thorium-X, from the apparently-inert parent thorium.
Kiwi common.topic.article m.02jvp_
Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson work related to william crookes
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Keith Urban
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.places_lived m.03pfgj8
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Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Geiger continued to investigate this phenomenon by studying the interaction of alpha particles from radium with metal reflectors.
He offered Bohr a job as lecturer in physics at Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence But Rutherford was totally on Bohr's side and considered him a genius.
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By measuring the angle at which the rays were deflected by fields of different magnitudes, he was able to calculate the ratio of the electrical charge to the mass (e/m) for the particles that made up the rays. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Thomson then developed experiments in which the rays were deflected by both magnetic and electrical fields.
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In 1897 Thomson found that cathode rays were deflected by electric fields, strong evidence that cathode rays were rapidly-moving charged particles. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Thomson then developed experiments in which the rays were deflected by both magnetic and electrical fields.
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Harriet Brooks common.topic.notable_for g.1256s0zg1
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In 1904, with Bertram Boltwood, Rutherford worked out the series of transformations that radioactive elements go through and suggested that those with extremely long half-lives might provide a source of energy for sustaining the heat of the Earth's interior. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence This would offer a means for estimating the age of the  Earth.
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m.0648_c7 education.education.student Leslie H. Martin
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.ontologies.ontology_instance.equivalent_instances m.07nff47
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Rutherford first studied the radioactive emissions of uranium, systematically wrapping uranium in successive layers of aluminum foil to observe the emissions' penetrating ability. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford returned to full research in 1919, when he made his last great discovery.
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Joseph John Thomson people.person.education m.03lsdr7
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For more than a century, it had been known that light from the heating of an element produced characteristics line in the spectrum of the light seen through a prism. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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To confront this problem, Bohr began with the question of atomic spectra. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Person type.type.properties Country of nationality
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Person owl#inverseOf Appointments, fellowships, etc.
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After the War, Bohr, like many other Manhattan researchers -- most notably Oppenheimer (but in direct conflict with fellow nuclear physicist Edward Teller) -- became activists in trying to keep atomic weapons out of the control of the military and under close civilian supervision. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr in conflict with edward teller
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Rutherford was now sought by such gifted associates as Otto Hahn, a German physicist who would demonstrate the fissioning of uranium in 1939. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Rutherford now began to investigate the nature of alpha rays.
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Soon after, Bohr met British physicist Rutherford, then at the University of Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
william henry bragg encouraged by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Bragg sent his results to Rutherford, who encouraged him to publish them in two 1907 papers, which appeared in 'The Philosophical Magazine' and 'The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'.
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Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In this second experiment, using the apparatus designed by CTR Wilson , he was able to measure the actual charge by condensing drops of water on the \"subatomic\" particles to form a mist, establishing the size of the drops from their rate of fall.
Ernest Rutherford symbols.name_source.namesakes Rutherford
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John Sealy Townsend people.person.gender Male
Frederick Soddy people.person.gender Male
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Antoine Henri Becquerel people.person.gender Male
Heart failure medicine.disease.causes heart attack
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niels henrik david bohr work related to paul adrien maurice dirac base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Niels Henrik David Bohr
Francis William Aston education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
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Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Nancy Wake
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Rutherford Medal freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Nominees
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m.09ypqb8 common.webpage.topic Physicist
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m.0zbt19f freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
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Most renowned achievement was demonstrating that the atom consisted of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Also demonstrated that splitting the atom can transmute one element into another.
The specific pattern of the lines was unique for each element. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Immediately after getting his doctorate, Bohr travelled to England to continue his research in electron theory at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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However, this model was never very successful, and from the work of Rutherford, Thomson's successor at the Cavendish, and Bohr a better picture - of the nuclear atom - would soon evolve. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Over the next few years Thomson also developed a model of the atom that incorporated his discovery, sometimes referred to as the \"plum pudding\" atom, in which he proposed that the atom is a diffuse sphere of positive electrical charge in which discrete, negatively-charged electrons are embedded.
Kim Sinclair people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
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Stuart Dryburgh people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
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The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr his work developed by george gamow
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He and Edward Andrade, by diffracting them with a crystal, showed that gamma rays were electromagnetic waves. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Measuring the  wavelengths of the rays, they found that they lay beyond X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum.
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During the 30s, Bohr turned to a new, but related, topic: the composition of the atomic nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Also in 1920, Rutherford speculated that uncharged particles, which were later called neutrons, must also exist in the nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1919, Rutherford succeeded Thomson as director of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge.
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Research into cathode rays were galvanized in 1895 by the discovery by Roentgen of X-rays, a previously unsuspected form of radiation that was also produced in gas discharge tubes (but from the anode rather than the cathode). base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Bohr worked at Manchester from 1914 to 1916, but returned to the University of Copenhagen, where a chair of theoretical physics had been created especially for him. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Research into cathode rays were galvanized in 1895 by the discovery by Roentgen of X-rays, a previously unsuspected form of radiation that was also produced in gas discharge tubes (but from the anode rather than the cathode). base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence These men had established that if an electrical discharge is caused to pass through a gas under very low pressure in a glass tube, a glowing beam - called a cathode ray - is seen to follow the electrical discharge from one end of the tube to the other, and can be deflected by an electrical or magnetic field superimposed on the tube.
Michelle Grieg people.person.gender Female
Niels Henrik David Bohr common.topic.notable_for g.12565l4b0
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Mark Oliphant people.person.nationality United Kingdom
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In 1944, Bohr tried to persuade British prime minister Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the need for international cooperation in establishing a free exchange of people and ideas so that nuclear weapons could be controlled. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences And so the nature of radioactivity was now fully revealed.
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This was the first step towards Einstein's famous law of the equivalence of mass and energy published a decade later. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Analyzing the properties that might be expected, Thomson showed that the sphere would have apparent added mass due to the charge and proportional to the electrostatic energy.
Ernest Rutherford cropped common.image.size m.02bzcdx
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He deduced that each contained a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons: only that kind of nucleus could repulse the positively charged alpha particles that happened to strike them and produce such enormous deflections.
Harriet Brooks award.hall_of_fame_inductee.hall_of_fame_inductions m.0h8bwwf
This work was later continued by one of Thomson's students, Francis Aston (developer of the mass spectrograph), and others, and lead to the discovery of many other isotopes, vital to the understanding of the heavy radioactive elements, such as uranium and radium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence By the end of his career, seven Nobel Prizes were awarded to those who worked under Thomson, including his own son, George Thomson and the German physicist Born .
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Max Born common.topic.notable_types Academic
Leslie H. Martin people.person.profession Physicist
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The Newer Alchemy book.written_work.author Ernest Rutherford
m.04j4xfy freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Heating effect of the radium emanation book.written_work.author Ernest Rutherford
Male biology.hybrid_parent_gender.hybrids m.0blp5sr
Westminster Abbey common.topic.notable_for g.12550hs53
And so the nature of radioactivity was now fully revealed. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Earlier, in 1900, Bequerel had identified beta rays with cathode rays, which were shown to be electrons.
m.03l6r06 education.education.student James Chadwick
The resulting ionizing effect in the gas could be detected not only by an electrometer (a device that measured electric charge in a gas), but visually (as the alpha particles struck a zinc sulfide screen, they caused an identifiable flash, or  \"scintillation\"). base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The process entailed firing alpha particles into a nearly evacuated tube with a strong electric field.
Wolfgang Pauli influence.influence_node.peers m.02nc2fh
August Krogh people.person.gender Male
The British chemist Soddy had earlier proposed the existence of isotopes, an idea proved by Thomson to be correct when he identified the isotope neon-22 in 1912. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Henry Moseley people.deceased_person.place_of_death Gallipoli
lord kelvin criticized ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
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Ernest Walton common.topic.notable_for g.1258v8708
Hans Geiger symbols.name_source.namesakes Geiger counter
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Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame award.hall_of_fame.inductees m.0h8bwy5
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Autism
Although a great deal of research had been done on spectral lines, their relationship with atoms ( the building blocks of elements) had not been considered. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
But it was unclear how those particles were arranged within the nucleus, and how the nucleus was shaped. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence By 1934, it had been established that the nucleus consisted of two kinds of particles,  protons and neutrons.
Ernest William Titterton people.person.place_of_birth England
Ernest Rutherford people.person.places_lived m.0460_cb
Physicist people.profession.specializations Nuclear Physicist
Niels Henrik David Bohr common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Niels Henrik David Bohr
Thomson astronomy.extraterrestrial_location.on_celestial_object Moon
Sarov common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
m.0n1fbly education.education.institution University of New Zealand
Scots Language language.human_language.main_country United Kingdom
Edward Victor Appleton education.academic.advisees Charles Oatley
Thomson problem symbols.namesake.named_after Joseph John Thomson
From this research, Rutherford and Soddy in 1903 were able to put together the modern understanding of radioactivity. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Rutherford's explanation of radioactivity at the atomic level caused a sensation in scientific circles: the idea that  atoms could change their identity was revolutionary.
Ernest Rutherford common.topic.image Ernest Rutherford2
Joseph John Thomson people.person.sibling_s m.0v4xbcq
The British chemist Soddy had earlier proposed the existence of isotopes, an idea proved by Thomson to be correct when he identified the isotope neon-22 in 1912. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence This work was later continued by one of Thomson's students, Francis Aston (developer of the mass spectrograph), and others, and lead to the discovery of many other isotopes, vital to the understanding of the heavy radioactive elements, such as uranium and radium.
United Kingdom location.country.languages_spoken Welsh Language
Emma Swindells people.person.children Joseph John Thomson
Cardiovascular disease people.cause_of_death.includes_causes_of_death heart attack
heart attack medicine.disease.symptoms Ventricular tachycardia
Harald Bohr people.person.gender Male
m.0zbtfr9 freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett education.academic.advisees Edward Bullard
albert einstein knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation knew
Alexander William Bickerton book.author.works_written \"The latest astronomical heresy\"
Keith Urban people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Nazir Ahmed common.topic.notable_for g.1257k6n8s
Bohr argued that the two parts of  the duality may appear to be inconsistent, or even in conflict, but that both are necessary to obtain a complete view of particles and waves. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The second concept, the principle of \"correspondence\", suggested that the laws of classical physics could be preserved in light of the new quantum physics.
William Henry Bragg people.person.religion Anglicanism
Alexander McAulay people.person.education m.05t68q8
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Here, he began the first of many refinements to his radiation counter, enabling it to detect beta particles and other kinds of radiation as well as alpha particles.
Ernest Rutherford people.person.education m.0n1fbly
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees H. Stanley Allen
Princeton base.biblioness.bibs_location.country United States of America
Rutherford returned to full research in 1919, when he made his last great discovery. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Pursuing earlier work in which scintillations were noticed in hydrogen bombarded by alpha particles well beyond their range in the gas, Rutherford first concluded that the scintillations were being caused by hydrogen nuclei.
Amherst base.biblioness.bibs_location.country United States of America
Manchester location.location.containedby England
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0106595f
Paco Ahlgren influence.influence_node.influenced_by Albert Einstein
Ernest Rutherford influence.influence_node.influenced Mark Oliphant
niels henrik david bohr appealed to winston churchill base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence In 1944, Bohr tried to persuade British prime minister Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the need for international cooperation in establishing a free exchange of people and ideas so that nuclear weapons could be controlled.
edward teller worked with niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Niels Henrik David Bohr
In 1919, Rutherford succeeded Thomson as director of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0ztc3
Place of birth rdf-schema#domain Person
Edward Victor Appleton common.topic.notable_types Academic
United Kingdom location.country.languages_spoken Scottish Gaelic
John Cockcroft influence.influence_node.peers m.09c3cxp
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written The Structure of Light
Erik Bohr people.person.parents Niels Henrik David Bohr
This was a decay product of thorium, and Rutherford also observed that the radioactivity of \"emanation\" gradually decreased geometrically with time, an occurrence now known as the half-life of a radioactive substance -- the measurement of the time it takes for half of a substance to decay. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1900 Rutherford and his associate Soddy isolated the active part of radioactive thorium, which they named thorium-X, from the apparently-inert parent thorium.
m.03kzm_9 people.place_lived.person Albert Beaumont Wood
ernest rutherford studied x-rays of wilhelm conrad roentgen base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Bohr worked at Manchester from 1914 to 1916, but returned to the University of Copenhagen, where a chair of theoretical physics had been created especially for him.
Geologist people.profession.specialization_of Scientist
Radioactive Transformations book.written_work.author Ernest Rutherford
Heating effect of the radium emanation common.topic.notable_for g.1n36f76h9
Physics education.field_of_study.subdisciplines Astronomy
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory common.topic.image Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Ernest Marsden people.person.education m.0n0_50d
Scottish people common.topic.notable_types Ethnicity
Russell Crowe people.person.ethnicity Scottish people
Charles Galton Darwin common.topic.article m.02j353
James Chadwick education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
Abram Ioffe common.topic.notable_types Academic
heart attack medicine.disease_cause.diseases Heart failure
Ernest William Titterton people.person.profession Physicist
Pancreatic cancer medicine.icd_9_cm_classification.includes_classifications Pancreatic cancer
Lise Meitner people.person.profession Physicist
Stroke medicine.disease.risk_factors Hair loss
Edward Victor Appleton award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x2g08s
Alexander William Bickerton book.author.works_written Some recent evidence in favour impact
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences These findings resulted in better long-range radio communication and also contributed to the development of radar.
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett base.nobelprizes.nobel_prize_winner.nobel_honor m.064_kj_
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Kane Thompson
arthur balfour knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Chemist common.topic.article m.01pxq
m.010dytn6 award.award_honor.award_winner Henry DeWolf Smyth
Russell Crowe people.person.gender Male
Date of birth type.property.schema Person
Analyzing the properties that might be expected, Thomson showed that the sphere would have apparent added mass due to the charge and proportional to the electrostatic energy. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere.
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Paget's disease of bone
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1919, Rutherford succeeded Thomson as director of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge.
Ernest Rutherford book.author.works_written Radio-activity
Albert Beaumont Wood people.person.nationality England
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford had discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911 from his work on alpha rays.
The electron in chemistry common.topic.notable_types Book
James Chadwick book.author.works_written Collection of journal articles
Ethnicity freebase.type_hints.included_types Topic
Toby Segaran people.person.gender Male
Temuera Morrison freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
m.0x1b64w freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Rutherford Hotel common.topic.notable_for g.1256g4kt3
Francis William Aston people.person.profession Chemist
Radioactive substances and their radiations book.book.editions Radioactive substances and their radiations
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Geiger's early version of his counter was a highly sensitive electrical device, consisting of a metal tube containing a gas at low pressure and thin wire in the center of the tube.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The final proof  that  alpha particles were helium ions came also in 1908, when Rutherford trapped alpha particles in a glass tube and, by sparking the gas that was produced, showed from its spectrum that it was helium.
Edinburgh location.location.containedby United Kingdom
Bohr continued on at the Copenhagen institute during the early years of the Second World War, helping many scientists escape from Nazi Germany. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
m.0zbkttj freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Canberra common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Harald Bohr people.person.parents Niels Henrik David Bohr
The specific pattern of the lines was unique for each element. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Although a great deal of research had been done on spectral lines, their relationship with atoms ( the building blocks of elements) had not been considered.
Werner Heisenberg base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from werner karl heisenberg developed work by niels henrik david bohr
Keith Park people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson fellow-psychic with alfred russel wallace
Christian Bohr people.person.place_of_birth Copenhagen
Christian Christiansen people.person.gender Male
By the end of his career, seven Nobel Prizes were awarded to those who worked under Thomson, including his own son, George Thomson and the German physicist Born . base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson taught max born
Edward Victor Appleton education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
m.0x2fy6c award.award_honor.award_winner Ernest Walton
Rutherford College, Auckland common.topic.image Rutherford College Logo Small
Lionel Robert Wilberforce people.deceased_person.place_of_death London
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences During the War, Rutherford's also continued to work at Manchester.
This convinced Rutherford that the explanation must lie in the nature of the metal atoms in the foil. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Foil made from metals with a large atomic number (such as lead) reflected back even more particles.
m.03zbgxb freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
British people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Irish
Auckland location.administrative_division.country New Zealand
Rutherfordium common.topic.notable_for g.125cb11td
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.011r1b9x
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Using a scintillation counter that could be moved around the foil, which was struck by a beam of alpha particles from a radon source,  it was observed that when alpha particles were fired at gold foil, a significant number were deflected through angles of more than 90 degrees, and some particles were deflected backwards.
m.02kq0lx education.education.institution University of Cambridge
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1947 he won the Nobel Prize in physics.
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
He worked with CP Snow. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence His atomic model was anticipated by Lenard.
But it was unclear how those particles were arranged within the nucleus, and how the nucleus was shaped. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Bohr theorized that the nucleus could be likened to a liquid droplet, and that the forces that pull together, or  attract, protons and neutrons, could be compared to the forces that operate between the molecules that make up the droplet, which was constantly oscillating and changing shape in response to its internal forces.
George Paget Thomson people.deceased_person.place_of_death Cambridge
Counting the particles with the use of the electric  radiation \"Geiger\" counter, they divided the total charge produced by the number of particles counted, and arrived at the  conclusion that each particle had two positive charges. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The resulting ionizing effect in the gas could be detected not only by an electrometer (a device that measured electric charge in a gas), but visually (as the alpha particles struck a zinc sulfide screen, they caused an identifiable flash, or  \"scintillation\").
Byron  Wells people.person.gender Male
James Chadwick common.topic.article m.017jtn
In early 1912, moved to Manchester to spend three months working on Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Soon after, Bohr met British physicist Rutherford, then at the University of Manchester.
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere.
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Harriet Brooks
werner karl heisenberg developed work by niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Niels Henrik David Bohr
Ernest Rutherford people.person.employment_history m.02kq464
Bret McKenzie people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
The Newer Alchemy book.book.editions The newer alchemy; based on the Henry Sidgwick memorial lecture delivered at Newnham college, Cambridge, November, 1936
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbsxzx
Cambridge location.location.contains Trinity College, Cambridge
The Sceptical Chymist book.written_work.original_language English Language
Ernest Walton people.person.education m.0b7bgg5
University of Manchester location.location.containedby United Kingdom
Cathedral architecture.building_function.buildings Westminster Abbey
m.0zbt3jf freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Book freebase.type_hints.included_types Written Work
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from ernest rutherford corresponded with max planck
William Henry Bragg people.person.gender Male
Republic of Ireland location.country.official_language English Language
Sarov location.location.containedby Russia
Max Born people.person.gender Male
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees William Henry Bragg
Bohr came up with a possible solution to the problem: he hypothesized that certain orbits existed within an atom in which an electron could travel without radiating energy. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Although a great deal of research had been done on spectral lines, their relationship with atoms ( the building blocks of elements) had not been considered.
m.09l4w4q people.place_lived.location Canada
British people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Ulster Scots dialects
John Tyndall people.person.nationality United Kingdom
He taught Langevin, Bragg and Oppenheimer. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson taught william henry bragg
John Cockcroft award.award_winner.awards_won m.03zbgxb
Weymouth, Dorset location.location.containedby England
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medicine.risk_factor.diseases Alcohol abuse
Earlier, in 1900, Bequerel had identified beta rays with cathode rays, which were shown to be electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence And so the nature of radioactivity was now fully revealed.
William Henry Bragg base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to joseph john thomson taught william henry bragg
Chemist people.profession.specializations Research Chemist
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees Edward Victor Appleton
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.person.profession Scientist
This would offer a means for estimating the age of the  Earth. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
m.0zbkz5s freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Heart failure medicine.disease.parent_disease Heart failure
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory location.location.contains Central Laser Facility
Henry DeWolf Smyth common.topic.article m.04j_32
Radio-activity common.topic.notable_types Book
Aage Bohr common.topic.notable_types Academic
ernest rutherford worked with johannes wilhelm geiger base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
John Cockcroft people.person.places_lived m.03lfmff
British American people.ethnicity.included_in_group British people
Pursuing earlier work in which scintillations were noticed in hydrogen bombarded by alpha particles well beyond their range in the gas, Rutherford first concluded that the scintillations were being caused by hydrogen nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Nazir Ahmed people.person.education m.0gk8x3r
The natural and artificial disintegration of the elements common.topic.notable_for g.1n36dy7lz
Canada location.country.official_language English Language
m.0gxvt_4 base.gender.personal_gender_identity.gender_identity Male
He attended the funeral of  philologist Jespersen. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He influenced Kastler.
John Cockcroft education.academic.advisees Ishfaq Ahmad
Joseph John Thomson common.topic.image Jj-thomson3
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.01067d9n
Joseph John Thomson award.award_winner.awards_won m.0tm2gmx
Hans Geiger people.person.place_of_birth Neustadt an der Weinstraße
m.0n46ccm education.education.student Hans Geiger
Person freebase.type_profile.published Published
Christianity religion.religion.types_of_places_of_worship Church
British people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Guernésiais
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0107gpvf
Joseph John Thomson people.person.gender Male
Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics common.topic.notable_types Organization
Stephen T. Kay people.person.gender Male
Westminster Abbey protected_sites.listed_site.designation_as_natural_or_cultural_site m.02h918y
Michelle Grieg people.person.nationality New Zealand
m.0n13rph education.education.student Ernest Walton
Rutherford model symbols.namesake.named_after Ernest Rutherford
ernest rutherford knew arthur balfour base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
niels henrik david bohr work related to max born base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac.
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Cliff Curtis
He taught Bragg. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
George Laurence book.author.works_written Radium dosage
Nazir Ahmed common.topic.notable_types Academic
In 1898, Rutherford accepted a professorship in physics at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, considered to have the best-equipped laboratory in the world. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt1h
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences But Rutherford was totally on Bohr's side and considered him a genius.
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from niels henrik david bohr work related to max born
C. F. Powell influence.influence_node.influenced_by Ernest Rutherford
m.046x325 religion.place_of_worship_historical_use.place_of_worship Westminster Abbey
Yulii Borisovich Khariton common.topic.notable_types Academic
Joseph John Thomson influence.influence_node.influenced Lewis Fry Richardson
Hans Geiger education.academic.advisees James Chadwick
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.disciplines_or_subjects Science
James Chadwick influence.influence_node.peers m.09c3cww
niels henrik david bohr opposed by albert einstein base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Albert Einstein
He and Edward Andrade, by diffracting them with a crystal, showed that gamma rays were electromagnetic waves. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Technology award.award_discipline.awards_in_this_discipline Rutherford Medal
Joseph John Thomson people.person.education m.0n1hw_h
Melanie Lynskey people.person.gender Female
George Gamow people.person.nationality Soviet Union
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Temuera Morrison
Frederick Soddy common.topic.image Frederick Soddy in 1922
joseph john thomson opposed by wilhelm ostwald base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Harry Boot people.person.profession Physicist
Max Planck people.person.profession Physicist
Edward Victor Appleton people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Bertram Boltwood influence.influence_node.influenced_by Ernest Rutherford
Melanie Lynskey people.person.nationality New Zealand
niels henrik david bohr attended funeral of otto jespersen base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Niels Henrik David Bohr
Soon after, Bohr met British physicist Rutherford, then at the University of Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He was appalled to discover that Thomson had lost interest in the subject and failed to realize the importance of Bohr's thesis.
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Tim Finn
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences After the War, Bohr, like many other Manhattan researchers -- most notably Oppenheimer (but in direct conflict with fellow nuclear physicist Edward Teller) -- became activists in trying to keep atomic weapons out of the control of the military and under close civilian supervision.
Rutherford now began to investigate the nature of alpha rays. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He was sure they consisted of positively charged particles and specifically either hydrogen or helium ions.
paul adrien maurice dirac taught by niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Niels Henrik David Bohr
Ernest Rutherford influence.influence_node.peers m.02_2b2z
Jack Abbott influence.influence_node.influenced_by Niels Henrik David Bohr
Neustadt an der Weinstraße location.location.people_born_here Hans Geiger
Lewis Fry Richardson common.topic.notable_types Academic
New Zealand location.country.administrative_divisions Auckland Region
Counting the particles with the use of the electric  radiation \"Geiger\" counter, they divided the total charge produced by the number of particles counted, and arrived at the  conclusion that each particle had two positive charges. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Robert William Boyle
edward teller worked with niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation worked with
Ernest Marsden people.deceased_person.place_of_burial Pacific Ocean
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Anaplastic thyroid cancer
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester education.department.academics_old Nevill Francis Mott
m.0b6ptdy award.award_honor.award_winner James Chadwick
Ernest Marsden symbols.name_source.namesakes Geiger–Marsden experiment
Philadelphia base.biblioness.bibs_topic.is_really Philadelphia
Jossi Wells people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
arthur balfour knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Arthur Balfour
Henry Moseley influence.influence_node.influenced_by Ernest Rutherford
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Augustine Pulu
Male biology.hybrid_parent_gender.hybrids m.0blp580
Properties of Matter common.topic.notable_types Written Work
lord kelvin criticized ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence He did not approve of the tidal theories of the American ^disagreed with^ Ferrel^ who is considered one of the major founders of geophysical fluid dynamics and he was considered an obstructionist by those he criticized such as J J Thomson and Rutherford.
Academic freebase.type_hints.included_types Person
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to ernest rutherford worked with johannes wilhelm geiger
Although his appeal did not succeed, Bohr continued to take the lead in promoting such efforts as the First International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, held in Geneva (1955), and in helping to create the European Council for Nuclear Research. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He retired as professor of physics from the University of Copenhagen in 1955, but continued to serve as director of the Institute until his death in Copenhagen in 1962.
Frederick Soddy people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Te Atatu location.location.contains Rutherford College, Auckland
niels henrik david bohr his work developed by george gamow base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms.
Jossi Wells freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Height
University of New Zealand education.educational_institution_campus.educational_institution University of New Zealand
Hans Geiger people.person.gender Male
Niels Henrik David Bohr award.award_winner.awards_won m.0b6ptgf
albert einstein knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Chemistry people.professional_field.professions_in_this_field Chemist
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Neil Finn
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1914, he found that positive rays consist of hydrogen nuclei.
Scientist common.topic.subject_of Book
m.0n51y_9 award.award_honor.award_winner Niels Henrik David Bohr
Robert William Boyle people.person.places_lived m.046076q
Ernest William Titterton people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Søren Kierkegaard influence.influence_node.influenced Harald Høffding
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Harold Williams
Henry DeWolf Smyth common.topic.notable_for g.1257wx2vf
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0108r_b6
Nelson College common.topic.notable_types School
Ernest Rutherford people.deceased_person.place_of_burial Westminster Abbey
Joseph John Thomson people.person.parents Emma Swindells
Anglicanism religion.religion.branched_into Methodism
James Chadwick education.academic.advisees Maurice Goldhaber
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to george gamow worked with ernest rutherford
Ernest Bohr people.person.nationality Denmark
During the War, Rutherford's also continued to work at Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1914, he found that positive rays consist of hydrogen nuclei.
m.0gh9wwf education.education.student Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry
m.03lfmff people.place_lived.person John Cockcroft
Erik Bohr common.topic.notable_types Person
Yulii Borisovich Khariton common.topic.article m.02d_cb
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Pursuing earlier work in which scintillations were noticed in hydrogen bombarded by alpha particles well beyond their range in the gas, Rutherford first concluded that the scintillations were being caused by hydrogen nuclei.
Parkinson's disease medicine.icd_9_cm_classification.parent_classification Parkinson's disease
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to ernest rutherford worked with niels henrik david bohr
niels henrik david bohr attended funeral of otto jespersen base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence He attended the funeral of  philologist Jespersen.
m.0k6lnnr people.sibling_relationship.sibling Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett
m.0zbt631 freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
George Laurence people.deceased_person.place_of_death Canada
m.063xfm2 base.nobelprizes.nobel_honor.nobel_prize_winner Ernest Walton
John Sealy Townsend people.person.nationality Republic of Ireland
Chadwick astronomy.extraterrestrial_location.on_celestial_object Moon
John Cockcroft book.author.works_written Problems of disarmament
In early 1912, moved to Manchester to spend three months working on Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Bohr began to develop a model of the atom in which electrons were disposed in rings around the nucleus -- a first step towards an explanation of atomic structure.
joseph john thomson taught max born base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence By the end of his career, seven Nobel Prizes were awarded to those who worked under Thomson, including his own son, George Thomson and the German physicist Born .
Using a scintillation counter that could be moved around the foil, which was struck by a beam of alpha particles from a radon source,  it was observed that when alpha particles were fired at gold foil, a significant number were deflected through angles of more than 90 degrees, and some particles were deflected backwards. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
He deduced that each contained a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons: only that kind of nucleus could repulse the positively charged alpha particles that happened to strike them and produce such enormous deflections. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence It was not until more than a year later that Rutherford felt he had enough evidence to postulate the modern concept of the atom, which he announced early in 1911.
m.03zbgwz freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Bret McKenzie freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Rutherford's explanation of radioactivity at the atomic level caused a sensation in scientific circles: the idea that  atoms could change their identity was revolutionary. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence From this research, Rutherford and Soddy in 1903 were able to put together the modern understanding of radioactivity.
Edward Routh people.person.profession Mathematician
Bohr hoped that the director of the Laboratory, English physicist J.J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron, would appreciate his doctoral thesis, which he had painstakingly translated into English. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Albert Einstein base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to ernest rutherford corresponded with albert einstein
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joseph john thomson work related to albert einstein base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
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Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He was involved in work on radar and on the atomic bomb.
Brightwater location.location.people_born_here Ernest Rutherford
Paul Dirac people.person.religion Atheism
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Niels Henrik David Bohr book.author.works_written Biology and atomic physics
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ANU Research School of Physics and Engineering location.location.containedby Australia
Antoine Henri Becquerel base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to joseph john thomson work related to antoine-henri becquerel
But many physicists were not persuaded. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence They argued that it was completely at odds with classical physics, and Bohr's use of a classical model to explain the structure and behavior of the nucleus, made the theory even more illogical.
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m.02kq330 business.employment_tenure.person Joseph John Thomson
An introduction to chemical energetics common.topic.notable_types Book
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C. F. Powell people.person.gender Male
Russell Crowe freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
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Robert William Boyle education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
albert einstein knew niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Albert Einstein
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences From this research, Rutherford and Soddy in 1903 were able to put together the modern understanding of radioactivity.
Albert Einstein people.person.nationality Germany
m.03l6r0c education.education.student James Chadwick
Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson fellow-psychic with arthur conan doyle
Farmer common.topic.notable_types Profession
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Henry DeWolf Smyth freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of death
Australia location.country.languages_spoken English Language
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Rutherfordium common.topic.article m.06glr
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Joseph John Thomson people.person.profession Mathematician
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written A treatise on the motion of vortex rings
Lise Meitner influence.influence_node.influenced Otto Hahn
But Rutherford was totally on Bohr's side and considered him a genius. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He offered Bohr a job as lecturer in physics at Manchester.
m.0n51y_9 award.award_honor.award Matteucci Medal
Jossi Wells freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Henry Moseley people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Nazir Ahmed people.person.education m.0648n6h
William Lawrence Bragg people.person.nationality Australia
Nancy Wake people.person.nationality Australia
Mark Oliphant common.topic.article m.01ttb1
Using their own invention, an apparatus using ionization chambers and scintillation screens, Rutherford and Geiger came up with a method for counting alpha particles precisely. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr.
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Ectodermal dysplasia
The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr his work developed by wolfgang ernst pauli
Bohr came up with a possible solution to the problem: he hypothesized that certain orbits existed within an atom in which an electron could travel without radiating energy. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr.
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson people.person.nationality United Kingdom
m.0b6ptgf award.award_honor.award Copley Medal
Taught at Owens College by O Reynolds. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
David de Lautour people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Max Born education.academic.advisees Max Delbrück
C. F. Powell education.academic.advisees M. G. K. Menon
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Parkinson's disease
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Under Rutherford, Geiger began studying alpha particles, finding that two alpha particles appeared to be released when uranium disintegrated.
Physicist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010flyh5
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-262
Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame award.hall_of_fame.inductees m.0h8bww9
Ernest Marsden common.topic.article m.04gn5h
Francis William Aston common.topic.notable_types Academic
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences During the 1920s and 1930s, Bohr wrote extensively about atomic structures, proposing two concepts that he considered fundamental to the \"new physics\".
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbtrqx
He attended the funeral of  philologist Jespersen. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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m.0x2860f freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi.
m.0zbt04h award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
British people common.topic.webpage m.09yfksw
Working alone, Rutherford then developed a technique for measuring  the velocity and rate of recombination of these positive and negative ions. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Lionel Robert Wilberforce people.person.profession Physicist
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He and Edward Andrade, by diffracting them with a crystal, showed that gamma rays were electromagnetic waves.
Ernest Rutherford people.person.places_lived m.03pnmzp
Nancy Wake people.person.gender Female
Canada location.country.languages_spoken English Language
Keith Park people.person.nationality New Zealand
The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Matteucci Medal common.topic.notable_types Award
Under Rutherford's direction, English physicist Patrick Blackett in 1925 used the cloud chamber  apparatus, developed by Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson, to record the tracks of disintegrated nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Blackett showed that the bombardment of alpha particles combined with the nucleus before disintegration, and did not break the nucleus apart like a bullet.
m.05t68qf education.education.institution University of Manchester
Earlier, in 1900, Bequerel had identified beta rays with cathode rays, which were shown to be electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Josh Hohneck
He found that the e/m for the cathode ray \"corpuscles\" (as Thomson called them) was constant for any gas used in the experiment (whatever particle it was that made up the cathode rays occurred in all gases and was, therefore, a component of all of the different atoms of which those gases were made), and that this e/m ratio was over 1000 times larger than the ratio for the hydrogen ion, the lightest atom known. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence By measuring the angle at which the rays were deflected by fields of different magnitudes, he was able to calculate the ratio of the electrical charge to the mass (e/m) for the particles that made up the rays.
Westminster Abbey common.topic.webpage m.09xmdyh
England base.biblioness.bibs_location.country United Kingdom
Keisha Castle-Hughes people.person.nationality New Zealand
John Sealy Townsend people.person.profession Physicist
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Henry DeWolf Smyth freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
niels henrik david bohr influenced alfred kastler base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence He influenced Kastler.
Wolfgang Pauli influence.influence_node.influenced_by Albert Einstein
Niels Henrik David Bohr award.award_winner.awards_won m.0n51zz0
m.0n1jkbf education.education.student Ernest Walton
William Henry Bragg people.person.profession Physicist
He attended the funeral of  philologist Jespersen. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr attended funeral of otto jespersen
Rutherfordium common.topic.image 255Rf decay scheme 2006
Irish language.human_language.countries_spoken_in Republic of Ireland
Kensington location.location.containedby United Kingdom
Physicist fictional_universe.character_occupation.characters_with_this_occupation J. Robert Oppenheimer
Māori language language.human_language.main_country New Zealand
m.0b6ptgf award.award_honor.award_winner Niels Henrik David Bohr
Heart failure medicine.disease.parent_disease Cardiovascular disease
max planck theory applied by niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Max Planck
m.09l4w4b education.education.student George Laurence
Joseph John Thomson people.person.ethnicity Scottish people
Rutherford found similar results with other elements  and  announced that the nucleus of any atom must be composed of hydrogen nuclei . base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence After a long series of experiments, Rutherford concluded that the alpha particles had caused the nitrogen nuclei to disintegrate, forming hydrogen and oxygen nuclei -- the first artificial transformation of one element to another.
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Shane Cleaver
In 1884,  Thomson was chosen to replace Rayleigh as director of the Cavendish. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence This was the first step towards Einstein's famous law of the equivalence of mass and energy published a decade later.
Wolfgang Pauli people.deceased_person.cause_of_death Pancreatic cancer
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1931, as a result of this work, he discovered simultaneous bursts of radiation called cosmic-ray showers, and concentrated on studying them for the rest of his career.
Social science award.award_discipline.awards_in_this_discipline Rutherford Medal
m.0n0xlyj education.education.institution University of Manchester
Jemaine Clement people.person.gender Male
joseph john thomson taught william henry bragg base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Keisha Castle-Hughes freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.influenced Paco Ahlgren
Marie Curie common.topic.notable_types Academic
Academic type.type.properties Academic advisors
The Electrical Structure of Matter common.topic.notable_types Written Work
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson work related to johann wilhelm hittorf
ernest rutherford work anticipated by philipp eduard anton lenard base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence His atomic model was anticipated by Lenard.
Christianity religion.religion.includes Anglicanism
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Burn
A few days later, the British government sent an unarmed Mosquito bomber to Sweden to pick up Bohr and fly him to England. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence For a few months, Bohr and his son Aage helped in a British project to make a nuclear fission bomb, then moved to Los Alamos, New Mexico, with a British research team, to work on the Manhattan Project, whose aim was to build the world's first atomic bomb.
The Corpuscular Theory of Matter common.topic.notable_types Written Work
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Soon after, Bohr met British physicist Rutherford, then at the University of Manchester.
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbsx6_
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George Paget Thomson people.deceased_person.place_of_burial Westminster Abbey
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m.0_k_910 education.education.institution Rutherford College, Auckland
British people common.topic.image Britons
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But many physicists were not persuaded. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Albert Einstein freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
Present problems of radioactivity book.written_work.author Ernest Rutherford
But Rutherford was totally on Bohr's side and considered him a genius. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence They argued that it was completely at odds with classical physics, and Bohr's use of a classical model to explain the structure and behavior of the nucleus, made the theory even more illogical.
Bohr stated that though it is true that quantum mechanics and relativity are essential to an understanding of phenomena on the atomic scale, any conclusion drawn from these principles must not conflict with the way the everyday world behaved. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Abdominal aortic aneurysm medicine.disease.risk_factors heart attack
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Ernest Rutherford people.person.places_lived m.03lzgn1
Joan Paget Thomson common.topic.notable_types Person
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Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Brian Sergent
m.03ptgn4 people.place_lived.person Henry Moseley
George Gamow base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to niels henrik david bohr his work developed by george gamow
Ernest Rutherford award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x0mgg4
However, this model was never very successful, and from the work of Rutherford, Thomson's successor at the Cavendish, and Bohr a better picture - of the nuclear atom - would soon evolve. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson superseded by niels henrik david bohr
His atomic model was anticipated by Lenard. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He taught Bragg.
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Frederick Soddy book.author.works_written Science and life
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niels henrik david bohr work related to max born base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
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John Cockcroft common.topic.article m.01zggn
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.ethnicity Jewish people
The Structure of Light book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
Henry DeWolf Smyth people.person.place_of_birth Clinton
Physics education.field_of_study.academics_in_this_field Max Planck
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Ben Tameifuna
Rutherford's explanation of radioactivity at the atomic level caused a sensation in scientific circles: the idea that  atoms could change their identity was revolutionary. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Hans Henrik Bohr people.person.parents Niels Henrik David Bohr
United Kingdom location.country.languages_spoken English Language
Ernest Rutherford people.person.place_of_birth Brightwater
Geologist common.topic.notable_types Profession
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.place_of_birth Copenhagen
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Toby Segaran
Chemist people.profession.specialization_of Scientist
Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature common.topic.notable_types Book
Measuring the  wavelengths of the rays, they found that they lay beyond X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He and Edward Andrade, by diffracting them with a crystal, showed that gamma rays were electromagnetic waves.
Henry DeWolf Smyth people.person.education m.010g37zq
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbtfr9
Owen Willans Richardson people.person.gender Male
Saint Petersburg location.location.containedby Russia
Radiations from Radioactive Substances book.written_work.author Charles Drummond Ellis
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Application of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
John Britten people.person.nationality New Zealand
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Stuttering
Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson opposed by wilhelm ostwald
Rutherford's next major discovery came in 1909. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Using a scintillation counter that could be moved around the foil, which was struck by a beam of alpha particles from a radon source,  it was observed that when alpha particles were fired at gold foil, a significant number were deflected through angles of more than 90 degrees, and some particles were deflected backwards.
Linus Pauling people.deceased_person.cause_of_death Prostate cancer
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Copley Medal award.award_category.category_of Copley Medal
Stroke medicine.risk_factor.diseases Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Cambridge location.location.containedby United Kingdom
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences This was a decay product of thorium, and Rutherford also observed that the radioactivity of \"emanation\" gradually decreased geometrically with time, an occurrence now known as the half-life of a radioactive substance -- the measurement of the time it takes for half of a substance to decay.
Marie Curie freebase.valuenotation.has_value Height
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Nelson location.administrative_division.country New Zealand
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry people.person.nationality Pakistan
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0108rxcj
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Frederick Soddy
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Søren Kierkegaard people.person.ethnicity Danes
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-256
m.0vpcmp8 people.marriage.spouse Joseph John Thomson
Harry Boot people.person.gender Male
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Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0_zfxxq
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Werner Heisenberg freebase.valuenotation.has_value Height
In early 1896 Thomson asked Rutherford to help him study the effects of Roentgen's X-rays on the discharge of electricity in gases. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
m.05bvjyj base.animalnames.animal_specific_name_relationship.gender Male
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The positive charge on the nucleus would therefore be balanced by an equal charge on all the electrons orbiting the nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He had come to the conclusion that the intense electric field needed to cause such a large particle deflection could occur only if all the positive charge in the atom --and therefore almost all the mass -- were concentrated on a tiny central nucleus, some 10,000  times smaller in diameter than that of the entire atom.
His work related to that of  Marie Curie and Ramsay. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford work related to william ramsay
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from ernest rutherford corresponded with enrico fermi
niels henrik david bohr work related to enrico fermi base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Enrico Fermi
The first was the principle of \"complementarity\" that stated there may be more than one true and accurate way to view natural phenomena. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence During the 1920s and 1930s, Bohr wrote extensively about atomic structures, proposing two concepts that he considered fundamental to the \"new physics\".
Martha Thompson people.person.gender Female
Pursuing earlier work in which scintillations were noticed in hydrogen bombarded by alpha particles well beyond their range in the gas, Rutherford first concluded that the scintillations were being caused by hydrogen nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence However, he later observed the same effect when alpha particles were fired into nitrogen.
m.046076g education.education.institution McGill University
Charles Galton Darwin people.person.profession Physicist
H. Stanley Allen common.topic.notable_types Academic
enrico fermi honored by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence For this experimental work -- \"the discovery of new radioactive substances, and the selective powers of slow neutrons\" -- Fermi received a letter of congratulation from the great pioneer of subatomic physics, Englishman Rutherford, and was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1938.
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In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt0f
Ernest Walton people.deceased_person.place_of_burial Deans Grange Cemetery
Kidney cancer medicine.disease.risk_factors Male
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Blackett showed that the bombardment of alpha particles combined with the nucleus before disintegration, and did not break the nucleus apart like a bullet.
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0_zfxr0
Max Born education.academic.advisees Werner Heisenberg
The liquid-drop model was vindicated when Bohr correctly predicted that the differing behavior of the nuclei of uranium-235 and uranium-238 was due to the fact that the number of neutrons in each nucleus was odd and even respectively. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The most important aspect of the Bohr liquid-drop model was its later ability to explain the process of nuclear fission (the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two parts, almost equal in mass, following the absorption of a neutron, with the release of a tremendous amount of nuclear energy), discovered in 1938 by Otto Hahn,  Fritz Strassmann and Lise Meitner.
George Laurence education.academic.advisees Ishfaq Ahmad
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Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Kawasaki disease
William Henry Bragg base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to ernest rutherford taught william henry bragg
Here he turned from uranium to thorium -- another radioactive element -- which he found produced an intensely radioactive gas, a new radioactive substance that he called \"emanation\". base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1898, Rutherford accepted a professorship in physics at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, considered to have the best-equipped laboratory in the world.
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.departments_old School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
Cardiovascular disease medicine.disease.parent_disease Cardiovascular disease
joseph john thomson fellow- psychic with oliver joseph lodge base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
England location.country.languages_spoken Cornish Language
sonar anticipated by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett award.award_winner.awards_won m.0b6ptd5
Nobel Prize in Chemistry award.award_category.disciplines_or_subjects Chemistry
Ernest Rutherford award.hall_of_fame_inductee.hall_of_fame_inductions m.0h8bww9
m.02wnzqh education.education.student James Chadwick
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Immediately after getting his doctorate, Bohr travelled to England to continue his research in electron theory at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University.
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from niels henrik david bohr opposed by albert einstein
wilhelm conrad roentgen influenced ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence He influenced the work of Swinton, CTR Wilson, and Rutherford.
Rumford Medal freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Nominees
Westminster Abbey common.topic.image Westminster abbey west
Philip Burton Moon common.topic.notable_for g.12575g8rw
Alexander McAulay common.topic.notable_for g.125fm8yhp
m.0x1b4qc award.award_honor.award_winner Mark Oliphant
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-265
m.05t5gzt award.award_honor.award_winner Ernest Rutherford
m.05t5gz_ people.place_lived.location New Zealand
Ernest Marsden people.person.profession Physicist
Physicist common.topic.image Albert Einstein 1947
In 1914, he found that positive rays consist of hydrogen nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence During the War, Rutherford's also continued to work at Manchester.
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The specific pattern of the lines was unique for each element.
Leslie H. Martin education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
Australian Academy of Science organization.organization.founders Mark Oliphant
Owen Willans Richardson education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
m.010g384r people.place_lived.location Princeton
Book freebase.type_profile.equivalent_topic Book
Abdominal aortic aneurysm medicine.disease.risk_factors Transient ischemic attack
Søren Kierkegaard people.person.religion Christianity
m.03zbgr1 freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
m.04j647l base.gender.personal_gender_identity.gender_identity Male
m.0648gm1 education.education.institution University of Canterbury
joseph john thomson knew arthur balfour base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Knew Prime Minister Balfour.
enrico fermi honored by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Chemist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010hnrmw
Albert Beaumont Wood people.person.places_lived m.03kzm_9
Male base.gender.gender_identity.people m.0gxvt_4
London base.biblioness.bibs_topic.is_really London
Bohr theorized that the nucleus could be likened to a liquid droplet, and that the forces that pull together, or  attract, protons and neutrons, could be compared to the forces that operate between the molecules that make up the droplet, which was constantly oscillating and changing shape in response to its internal forces. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence But it was unclear how those particles were arranged within the nucleus, and how the nucleus was shaped.
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1909, they published an article, \"On a Diffuse Reflection of the Alpha-Particles\", for the \"Proceedings of the Royal Society\".
m.03l8d6m education.education.student Niels Henrik David Bohr
Faraday Medal award.award_category.winners m.0x19_0j
Soon Thomson, working with Rutherford , found that passing X-rays through gases greatly increased their ability to conduct electricity, as the X-rays ionized the gases (they converted gas atoms into ions, which carry an electrical charge and so are good carriers of current), and that the resulting conduction resembled in some ways the conduction by ions during electrolysis of a solution. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
The Young Victoria film.film.featured_film_locations Germany
m.0h57zsm award.award_honor.award_winner Ernest Rutherford
Henry DeWolf Smyth education.academic.advisees Kenneth Bainbridge
ernest rutherford work related to paul langevin base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Paul Langevin
Chemist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.01066g6n
Charles Galton Darwin education.academic.advisors Niels Henrik David Bohr
London location.administrative_division.country United Kingdom
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He returned to Cambridge University after the war and worked on vacuum tubes before beginning to investigate why and how radio waves faded (in particular why Cambridge reception from a broadcasting station in London faded in and out).
joseph john thomson superseded by niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
m.046076q people.place_lived.location Canada
Republic of Ireland location.country.languages_spoken Irish
Rutherford had discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911 from his work on alpha rays. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Bohr began to develop a model of the atom in which electrons were disposed in rings around the nucleus -- a first step towards an explanation of atomic structure.
The Sceptical Chymist common.topic.notable_types Book
Henry DeWolf Smyth people.deceased_person.place_of_death Princeton
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Philip Burton Moon
Copenhagen base.biblioness.bibs_location.country Denmark
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry education.academic.advisees Chaudhry Abdul Majeed
Nazir Ahmed people.person.places_lived m.0648n6q
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.peers m.04kkzd8
Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame award.hall_of_fame.inductees m.0h8bwwf
This was confirmed during 1898 when Thomson extended his research to other phenomena caused by electrical discharges, and proved that particles with the same value e/m were released from a negatively charged hot wire and from a negatively charged zinc plate illuminated by ultraviolet light. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Robert William Boyle people.person.profession Physicist
The most famous and most outspoken anti-Bohr, however, was German/American physicist Einstein, who never accepted Bohr's claim that quantum mechanics was the \"rational generalization of classical physics\", necessary for the understanding of atomic phenomena. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Bohr stated that though it is true that quantum mechanics and relativity are essential to an understanding of phenomena on the atomic scale, any conclusion drawn from these principles must not conflict with the way the everyday world behaved.
Male base.gender.gender_identity.people m.02_1x1x
Max Born people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Joseph John Thomson people.person.religion Anglicanism
In 1884,  Thomson was chosen to replace Rayleigh as director of the Cavendish. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
The Artificial Transmutation of the Elements common.topic.notable_for g.12573548n
This work was later continued by one of Thomson's students, Francis Aston (developer of the mass spectrograph), and others, and lead to the discovery of many other isotopes, vital to the understanding of the heavy radioactive elements, such as uranium and radium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The British chemist Soddy had earlier proposed the existence of isotopes, an idea proved by Thomson to be correct when he identified the isotope neon-22 in 1912.
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry symbols.namesake.named_after Ernest Rutherford
m.02kq3gg business.employment_tenure.person Mark Oliphant
Niels Henrik David Bohr book.author.works_written Atomic Physics And Human Knowledge
Male base.gender.gender_identity.people m.04j647l
charles thomson rees wilson invention used by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
ernest rutherford work related to marie curie base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Marie Curie
GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689 common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Physicist
The Young Victoria film.film.featured_film_locations Westminster Abbey
Henry DeWolf Smyth book.author.works_written Smyth Report
enrico fermi honored by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Enrico Fermi
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett common.topic.image Blackett-large
Werner Heisenberg freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory location.location.contains Diamond synchrotron building
Danes people.ethnicity.included_in_group Germanic peoples
Westminster Abbey architecture.structure.architectural_style Gothic architecture
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Using their own invention, an apparatus using ionization chambers and scintillation screens, Rutherford and Geiger came up with a method for counting alpha particles precisely.
m.03zbgxb award.award_honor.award_winner John Cockcroft
John Cockcroft people.deceased_person.place_of_death Cambridge
Yulii Borisovich Khariton people.person.nationality Soviet Union
Mark Oliphant people.person.nationality Australia
Melanie Lynskey freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
Nelson College education.educational_institution_campus.educational_institution Nelson College
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.deceased_person.place_of_death Copenhagen
ernest rutherford work related to antoine-henri becquerel base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Yulii Borisovich Khariton
Theoretical Physicist people.profession.people_with_this_profession Albert Einstein
These men had established that if an electrical discharge is caused to pass through a gas under very low pressure in a glass tube, a glowing beam - called a cathode ray - is seen to follow the electrical discharge from one end of the tube to the other, and can be deflected by an electrical or magnetic field superimposed on the tube. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester education.department.field Astronomy
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry
Harald Bohr freebase.valuenotation.has_value Place of death
Niels Bohr fictional_universe.fictional_character.gender Male
Wolfgang Pauli common.topic.notable_types Academic
Henry Moseley common.topic.notable_types Academic
Pancreatic cancer medicine.disease.risk_factors Male
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Research into cathode rays were galvanized in 1895 by the discovery by Roentgen of X-rays, a previously unsuspected form of radiation that was also produced in gas discharge tubes (but from the anode rather than the cathode).
William Lawrence Bragg people.person.profession Physicist
Nelson College location.location.containedby New Zealand
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbkttj
Yulii Borisovich Khariton influence.influence_node.influenced_by Otto Hahn
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences However, he later observed the same effect when alpha particles were fired into nitrogen.
ernest rutherford work related to marie curie base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
Wolfgang Pauli people.person.profession Physicist
In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Aage Bohr people.person.parents Niels Henrik David Bohr
Conduction of electricity through gases common.topic.notable_types Book
Niels Henrik David Bohr symbols.name_source.namesakes Bohr compactification
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.01053lwy
This was a decay product of thorium, and Rutherford also observed that the radioactivity of \"emanation\" gradually decreased geometrically with time, an occurrence now known as the half-life of a radioactive substance -- the measurement of the time it takes for half of a substance to decay. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Here he turned from uranium to thorium -- another radioactive element -- which he found produced an intensely radioactive gas, a new radioactive substance that he called \"emanation\".
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Alexander McAulay
wilhelm conrad roentgen influenced ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Wilhelm Röntgen
joseph john thomson work related to antoine-henri becquerel base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Antoine Henri Becquerel
m.0b6pyv_ freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
The Young Victoria film.film.language English Language
August Krogh people.person.nationality Denmark
Abram Ioffe people.deceased_person.place_of_death Saint Petersburg
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Bohr stated that though it is true that quantum mechanics and relativity are essential to an understanding of phenomena on the atomic scale, any conclusion drawn from these principles must not conflict with the way the everyday world behaved.
ernest rutherford work related to sonar base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Sonar
Edward Victor Appleton people.person.places_lived m.03lg_8t
m.03l8d6m education.education.major_field_of_study Physics
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Analyzing the properties that might be expected, Thomson showed that the sphere would have apparent added mass due to the charge and proportional to the electrostatic energy.
m.0n0d4fm education.education.student John Cockcroft
Ernest Rutherford book.author.works_written Radiations from Radioactive Substances
Male base.animalnames.animal_gender.animal_names m.05bvk3z
Arthur Balfour base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to ernest rutherford knew arthur balfour
Aage Bohr people.deceased_person.place_of_death Copenhagen
Male base.animalnames.animal_gender.animal_names m.0kfyrv7
G. I. Taylor people.deceased_person.place_of_death Cambridge
niels henrik david bohr his work developed by george gamow base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Niels Henrik David Bohr
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees Owen Willans Richardson
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett influence.influence_node.influenced_by Ernest Rutherford
Rutherford crocodile common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Ernest Rutherford
Rumford Medal award.award.category Rumford Medal
Nazir Ahmed people.person.gender Male
m.0zbt1_x award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
Country of nationality type.property.schema Person
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He offered Bohr a job as lecturer in physics at Manchester.
Russell Crowe freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0108rx5t
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.peers m.02xlr5d
william ramsay work related to ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence In 1898 Rutherford, working in Montreal, distinguished between alpha and beta rays in the emissions from uranium, and two years later R. J. Strutt (the eldest son of Lord Rayleigh) proposed that alpha rays consisted of positively charged particles.
Ernest Rutherford people.person.education m.02kq20k
werner karl heisenberg developed work by niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Werner Heisenberg
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Richard Kahui
Paul Dirac people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from niels henrik david bohr activist with julius robert oppenheimer
Rutherfordium common.topic.notable_types Chemical Element
James Rutherford common.topic.notable_for g.12h2tx5w0
British people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Welsh Language
Elements of the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
New Zealand fictional_universe.fictional_setting.fictional_characters_born_here Murray Hewitt
Westminster Abbey religion.place_of_worship.type_of_place_of_worship Church
Albert Einstein common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Scientist
m.0gxvv0h base.gender.personal_gender_identity.gender_identity Male
The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr his work developed by werner karl heisenberg
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Scott Waldrom
Matteucci Medal freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Nominees
August Krogh influence.influence_node.influenced_by Niels Henrik David Bohr
Faraday Medal common.topic.notable_types Award
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In June, 1945, his home in Babelsburg was occupied by Allied forces, and Geiger was forced to flee and seek refuge in Potsdam, where he died three months later.
Physicist fictional_universe.character_occupation.characters_with_this_occupation Emmett Brown
Keisha Castle-Hughes freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
m.05cckn4 base.animalnames.animal_specific_name_relationship.gender Male
Exeter, Ontario location.location.people_born_here Harriet Brooks
From this research, Rutherford and Soddy in 1903 were able to put together the modern understanding of radioactivity. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence They charted how thorium-X gradually lost its radioactivity, while the original thorium regained its  activity, illustrating that thorium-X had its own distinctive half-life, much shorter than the half-life of thorium.
Brightwater location.location.geolocation m.0237qcs
Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson fellow- psychic with oliver joseph lodge
Radioactive substances and their radiations book.book.editions Radioactive substances and their radiations
City/Town/Village freebase.type_profile.published Published
United Kingdom location.country.official_language English Language
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to arthur edwin kennelly discovery verified by edward victor appleton
Chadwick common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery James Chadwick
Edward Victor Appleton base.nobelprizes.nobel_prize_winner.nobel_honor m.063s4ms
m.09l4w4b education.education.institution University of Cambridge
Dungarvan location.location.people_born_here Ernest Walton
m.03pnmzp people.place_lived.location Nelson
Michelle Grieg people.person.place_of_birth New Zealand
Radio-activity book.written_work.author Ernest Rutherford
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Soon Thomson, working with Rutherford , found that passing X-rays through gases greatly increased their ability to conduct electricity, as the X-rays ionized the gases (they converted gas atoms into ions, which carry an electrical charge and so are good carriers of current), and that the resulting conduction resembled in some ways the conduction by ions during electrolysis of a solution.
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Wilson's revamped chamber was used to confirm the classic alpha-particle scattering and transmutation experiments first performed in 1909-10 by British physicist Rutherford, who described the chamber as \"the most original apparatus in the whole history of physics\".
In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1876 Thomson won a mathematics scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he would remain for the rest of his life.
Between 1906 and 1914 Thomson entered his second and last great period of research, which he devoted to the study of \"canal rays\", streams of positively charged ions (first discovered by Eugen Goldstein), which Thomson named \"positive rays.\" Using magnetic and electric fields to deflect these rays, in 1912 he found that ions of neon gas are deflected by different amounts, indicating that they consist of a mixture of ions with different charge-to-mass ratios. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The British chemist Soddy had earlier proposed the existence of isotopes, an idea proved by Thomson to be correct when he identified the isotope neon-22 in 1912.
Bollington location.location.containedby United Kingdom
John Cockcroft people.person.education m.03lfmf6
He taught Langevin, Bragg and Oppenheimer. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle.
heart attack medicine.symptom.symptom_of Myocardial Ischemia
English Language language.human_language.countries_spoken_in Canada
Lionel Robert Wilberforce people.person.gender Male
For a few months, Bohr and his son Aage helped in a British project to make a nuclear fission bomb, then moved to Los Alamos, New Mexico, with a British research team, to work on the Manhattan Project, whose aim was to build the world's first atomic bomb. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from edward victor appleton verified work of arthur edwin kennelly
Heating effect of the radium emanation common.topic.notable_types Book
James Chadwick award.award_winner.awards_won m.03zbgtx
Robert William Boyle people.person.place_of_birth Carbonear
James Chadwick common.topic.image Chadwick
Academic freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Physically Instantiable
Radiations from Radioactive Substances book.written_work.author Ernest Rutherford
He served as its director for the next 40 years. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Brightwater common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Albert Einstein people.person.profession Theoretical Physicist
Australia location.country.capital Canberra
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory symbols.namesake.named_after Edward Victor Appleton
m.02kq3_w business.employment_tenure.company University of Cambridge
m.0x2fr2k freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Australia common.topic.subjects Chemist Warehouse
Ernest Rutherford award.award_winner.awards_won m.0h57zsm
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Ankylosing spondylitis
m.0648gmd people.place_lived.location England
University of Canterbury education.educational_institution_campus.educational_institution University of Canterbury
He knew Rutherford. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections albert einstein knew ernest rutherford
m.09l4w4q people.place_lived.person George Laurence
m.09hy2xr education.education.student Philip Burton Moon
Brightwater common.topic.notable_for g.125556l90
British people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Cornish Language
Physicist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010flyfj
Manchester location.administrative_division.country United Kingdom
Jemaine Clement freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
Keith Urban people.person.gender Male
m.02kq21s education.education.student Ernest Rutherford
joseph john thomson taught max born base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Max Born
m.02nc2fh influence.peer_relationship.peers Niels Henrik David Bohr
m.0x2860f award.award_honor.award_winner Edward Victor Appleton
He influenced Kastler. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac.
Welsh Language language.human_language.countries_spoken_in United Kingdom
m.05bvklm base.animalnames.animal_specific_name_relationship.gender Male
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford's explanation of radioactivity at the atomic level caused a sensation in scientific circles: the idea that  atoms could change their identity was revolutionary.
Rutherford College, Auckland education.educational_institution.students_graduates m.0sv_fw8
Academic freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Person
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Hans Geiger common.topic.article m.0kj0b
m.03qpk_m influence.peer_relationship.peers William Ramsay
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-267
Mark Oliphant people.person.nationality United States of America
Albert Einstein influence.influence_node.peers m.02nc2fb
Max Planck people.person.nationality Germany
British people fictional_universe.ethnicity_in_fiction.characters_of_this_ethnicity Roger
Edinburgh location.administrative_division.country United Kingdom
Alexander McAulay common.topic.article m.04n1t6
Scottish people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Scots Language
Alexander William Bickerton common.topic.image Alexander William Bickerton
Ernest Rutherford influence.influence_node.influenced C. F. Powell
Robert William Boyle people.person.employment_history m.04hg9b0
m.0bm6pqb biology.hybrid_parentage.parent_sex Male
University of Manchester location.location.containedby Manchester
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-253
Bret McKenzie people.person.nationality New Zealand
Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
m.0h8bwwf award.hall_of_fame_induction.inductee Harriet Brooks
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett common.topic.article m.01w7ny
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from niels henrik david bohr in conflict with edward teller
m.0gmlkbr award.award_honor.award Franklin Medal
Lionel Robert Wilberforce common.topic.notable_types Academic
wolfgang ernst pauli worked with niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Niels Henrik David Bohr
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester common.topic.article m.02866v5
Harald Bohr freebase.valuenotation.has_value Country of nationality
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.places_lived m.045x47x
Harriet Brooks people.person.profession Physicist
Burn medicine.disease.risk_factors Male
Henry DeWolf Smyth people.person.education m.05t686j
Tasman District location.administrative_division.country New Zealand
The most famous and most outspoken anti-Bohr, however, was German/American physicist Einstein, who never accepted Bohr's claim that quantum mechanics was the \"rational generalization of classical physics\", necessary for the understanding of atomic phenomena. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0108rzg6
m.0n1lc2z education.education.student Frederick Soddy
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Nephrotic syndrome
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees G. I. Taylor
Faraday Medal freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Nominees
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester education.department.academics_old Hans Geiger
m.0x1b64w award.award_honor.award Faraday Medal
Harriet Brooks common.topic.notable_types Academic
Philip Burton Moon common.topic.notable_types Academic
ernest rutherford knew arthur balfour base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence He knew Balfour.
Ernest Walton award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x2fy6c
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He worked with CP Snow.
Kensington location.location.containedby England
Rutherford model common.topic.image US Atomic Energy Commission logo
Rutherford now began to investigate the nature of alpha rays. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
niels henrik david bohr work related to max born base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Niels Henrik David Bohr
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett book.author.works_written Fear, war and the bomb
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to paul adrien maurice dirac taught by niels henrik david bohr
niels henrik david bohr encouraged by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Niels Henrik David Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.influenced Wolfgang Pauli
m.0zbt04h freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Made a significant contribution to the development of radar and improved long-range radio communications.
The Artificial Transmutation of the Elements book.written_work.author Ernest Rutherford
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-258
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Bohr began to develop a model of the atom in which electrons were disposed in rings around the nucleus -- a first step towards an explanation of atomic structure.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford now began to investigate the nature of alpha rays.
John Tyndall people.person.gender Male
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James Chadwick award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x2g156
Date of birth rdf-schema#domain Person
At his suggestion, the name \"proton\"  was given to the hydrogen nucleus in 1920. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
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Abram Ioffe people.person.ethnicity Jewish people
In 1944, Bohr tried to persuade British prime minister Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the need for international cooperation in establishing a free exchange of people and ideas so that nuclear weapons could be controlled. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Although his appeal did not succeed, Bohr continued to take the lead in promoting such efforts as the First International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, held in Geneva (1955), and in helping to create the European Council for Nuclear Research.
Edward Victor Appleton common.topic.article m.023c5v
Rutherford Medal award.award.category Rutherford Medal
C. F. Powell people.person.nationality United Kingdom
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Peter Jackson people.person.nationality New Zealand
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Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences This was confirmed during 1898 when Thomson extended his research to other phenomena caused by electrical discharges, and proved that particles with the same value e/m were released from a negatively charged hot wire and from a negatively charged zinc plate illuminated by ultraviolet light.
Arthur Balfour base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to joseph john thomson knew arthur balfour
John Cockcroft influence.influence_node.peers m.09c3cxd
Albert Einstein base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He knew Rutherford.
Franklin Medal award.award_category.winners m.0h57zsm
Max Born people.person.profession Physicist
Andrew Adamson freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
But in September, 1943, after receiving news that his own life was in danger, he and his family were spirited to Sweden by the Danish resistance movement. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Bohr continued on at the Copenhagen institute during the early years of the Second World War, helping many scientists escape from Nazi Germany.
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Ernest Rutherford people.person.gender Male
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Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry people.person.education m.0gh9wwf
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.influenced Paul Dirac
Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Having proved that the Kennelly-Heaviside layer of ionization really existed, Appleton continued to work on electromagnetic waves and what happened to them in the ionosphere.
Cambridge location.location.containedby England
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson taught max born
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London location.place_with_neighborhoods.neighborhoods Kensington
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Niels Henrik David Bohr symbols.name_source.namesakes Bohr
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Rutherford College, Kent common.topic.notable_for g.125brs23y
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Ernest Rutherford people.person.parents James Rutherford
Measuring the  wavelengths of the rays, they found that they lay beyond X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
He was sure they consisted of positively charged particles and specifically either hydrogen or helium ions. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Deflection of the rays in electric and magnetic fields proved they were positive particles.
London travel.travel_destination.tourist_attractions Westminster Abbey
Academic type.type.properties Departments
It was not until more than a year later that Rutherford felt he had enough evidence to postulate the modern concept of the atom, which he announced early in 1911. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He had come to the conclusion that the intense electric field needed to cause such a large particle deflection could occur only if all the positive charge in the atom --and therefore almost all the mass -- were concentrated on a tiny central nucleus, some 10,000  times smaller in diameter than that of the entire atom.
Building complex freebase.type_hints.included_types Topic
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Obstructive sleep apnea
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisors Edward Routh
The liquid-drop model was vindicated when Bohr correctly predicted that the differing behavior of the nuclei of uranium-235 and uranium-238 was due to the fact that the number of neutrons in each nucleus was odd and even respectively. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Bohr continued on at the Copenhagen institute during the early years of the Second World War, helping many scientists escape from Nazi Germany.
m.02wpwkg education.education.student Joseph John Thomson
During the First World War, Rutherford, serving in the British Navy's Board of Invention and Research, worked on methods of detecting German U-boats (submarines) by underwater acoustics. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The positive charge on the nucleus would therefore be balanced by an equal charge on all the electrons orbiting the nucleus.
m.0hzxnsy biology.hybrid_parentage.parent_sex Male
John William Strutt people.person.profession Physicist
m.04j64rh base.gender.personal_gender_identity.gender_identity Male
Using their own invention, an apparatus using ionization chambers and scintillation screens, Rutherford and Geiger came up with a method for counting alpha particles precisely. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The process entailed firing alpha particles into a nearly evacuated tube with a strong electric field.
His atomic model was anticipated by Lenard. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He worked with CP Snow.
John Tyndall people.person.profession Physicist
British people people.ethnicity.includes_groups Black British
James Rutherford people.person.profession Farmer
Radio-activity book.book.editions Radio-activity
Wolfgang Pauli people.person.ethnicity Jewish people
Ernest William Titterton education.academic.advisors Mark Oliphant
Robert William Boyle people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory location.location.contains ISIS neutron source
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Faraday Medal freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Date Discontinued
His results were used later in Langevin's development of sonar. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence During the War, Rutherford's also continued to work at Manchester.
Jemaine Clement freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Gender
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Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Bohr continued on at the Copenhagen institute during the early years of the Second World War, helping many scientists escape from Nazi Germany.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to sonar anticipated by ernest rutherford
John Cockcroft influence.influence_node.influenced Charles Oatley
James Rutherford people.person.gender Male
A treatise on the motion of vortex rings common.topic.notable_types Book
Foil made from metals with a large atomic number (such as lead) reflected back even more particles. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Using a scintillation counter that could be moved around the foil, which was struck by a beam of alpha particles from a radon source,  it was observed that when alpha particles were fired at gold foil, a significant number were deflected through angles of more than 90 degrees, and some particles were deflected backwards.
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.chemical_series Group 4 element
In 1898, Rutherford accepted a professorship in physics at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, considered to have the best-equipped laboratory in the world. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Here he turned from uranium to thorium -- another radioactive element -- which he found produced an intensely radioactive gas, a new radioactive substance that he called \"emanation\".
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Accommodation freebase.type_profile.published Published
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory common.topic.article m.04l30h
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Alexander William Bickerton common.topic.article m.04ygw5h
In 1900 Rutherford and his associate Soddy isolated the active part of radioactive thorium, which they named thorium-X, from the apparently-inert parent thorium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence This was a decay product of thorium, and Rutherford also observed that the radioactivity of \"emanation\" gradually decreased geometrically with time, an occurrence now known as the half-life of a radioactive substance -- the measurement of the time it takes for half of a substance to decay.
James Chadwick people.person.profession Physicist
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ernest rutherford studied x-rays of wilhelm conrad roentgen base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence In early 1896 Thomson asked Rutherford to help him study the effects of Roentgen's X-rays on the discharge of electricity in gases.
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Copley Medal freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Nominees
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Ernest C. Pollard people.person.profession Physicist
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Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.children Harald Bohr
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Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Stroke
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But in September, 1943, after receiving news that his own life was in danger, he and his family were spirited to Sweden by the Danish resistance movement. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Alexander McAulay people.person.education m.05t68qf
Albert Beaumont Wood common.topic.notable_for g.12561xvqf
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Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written An introduction to chemical energetics
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The positive charge on the nucleus would therefore be balanced by an equal charge on all the electrons orbiting the nucleus.
Mark Oliphant education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
Henry Moseley common.topic.article m.03r9t
m.0tm2g3c award.award_honor.award_winner Joseph John Thomson
heart attack medicine.disease.parent_disease Cardiovascular disease
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Paul Langevin base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He also met several important scientists, including Rutherford and Wilson.
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Ellen Adler Bohr people.person.children Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Philip Burton Moon common.topic.article m.03jkvk
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C. F. Powell common.topic.notable_for g.12559sqr6
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Sam Cane
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences To confront this problem, Bohr began with the question of atomic spectra.
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Pursuing earlier work in which scintillations were noticed in hydrogen bombarded by alpha particles well beyond their range in the gas, Rutherford first concluded that the scintillations were being caused by hydrogen nuclei. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Rutherford returned to full research in 1919, when he made his last great discovery.
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Copley Medal common.topic.notable_types Award
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Male common.topic.notable_for g.1255p_jgc
Lahore base.biblioness.bibs_location.country Pakistan
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Hodgkin's lymphoma
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The British chemist Soddy had earlier proposed the existence of isotopes, an idea proved by Thomson to be correct when he identified the isotope neon-22 in 1912.
Accommodation freebase.type_hints.included_types Topic
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1906 Geiger accepted the post of assistant to Arthur Schuster, an expert on gas ionization and head of the physics department at the University of Manchester.
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Lewis Fry Richardson people.person.profession Mathematician
Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford corresponded with albert einstein
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He served as its director for the next 40 years. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Within a few years, he helped plan the University of Copenhagen's new Institute for Theoretical Physics, which opened in 1921.
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Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The resulting electric signals, in effect, counted the number of alpha particles entering the tube.
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Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence As a result, Rutherford directed physicists John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in 1932 to construct the world's first particle accelerator, and thereby demonstrate the transmutation of elements by  artificial means.
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The final proof  that  alpha particles were helium ions came also in 1908, when Rutherford trapped alpha particles in a glass tube and, by sparking the gas that was produced, showed from its spectrum that it was helium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Counting the particles with the use of the electric  radiation \"Geiger\" counter, they divided the total charge produced by the number of particles counted, and arrived at the  conclusion that each particle had two positive charges.
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Rutherford Hotel common.topic.article m.0gmf2td
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Mark Oliphant award.award_winner.awards_won m.0x1b4qc
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Paco Ahlgren people.person.gender Male
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In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford worked with johannes wilhelm geiger
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Kiri Te Kanawa
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Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1884,  Thomson was chosen to replace Rayleigh as director of the Cavendish.
m.0h586s7 award.award_honor.award Franklin Medal
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Henry DeWolf Smyth people.person.profession Physicist
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m.0x19t4b award.award_honor.award Faraday Medal
He found that the e/m for the cathode ray \"corpuscles\" (as Thomson called them) was constant for any gas used in the experiment (whatever particle it was that made up the cathode rays occurred in all gases and was, therefore, a component of all of the different atoms of which those gases were made), and that this e/m ratio was over 1000 times larger than the ratio for the hydrogen ion, the lightest atom known. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
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Collection of journal articles book.written_work.author James Chadwick
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Using their own invention, an apparatus using ionization chambers and scintillation screens, Rutherford and Geiger came up with a method for counting alpha particles precisely. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Niels Henrik David Bohr book.author.works_written Collection of offprint articles
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John Cockcroft people.person.places_lived m.03pry6f
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In 1904, with Bertram Boltwood, Rutherford worked out the series of transformations that radioactive elements go through and suggested that those with extremely long half-lives might provide a source of energy for sustaining the heat of the Earth's interior. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Deflection of the rays in electric and magnetic fields proved they were positive particles.
Male base.thoroughbredracing.thoroughbred_racehorse_sex.horses_of_this_sex Phone Trick
Yulii Borisovich Khariton people.person.gender Male
In 1900, he also observed what was described by French physicist Paul Villard as \"gamma\" radiation, the  most penetrating type of all. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Albert Einstein people.person.profession Scientist
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Weymouth, Dorset location.location.containedby United Kingdom
Henry DeWolf Smyth freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
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Westminster Abbey projects.project_focus.projects Construction of Westminster Abbey
Male base.animalnames.animal_gender.animal_names m.05cckn4
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Bohr came up with a possible solution to the problem: he hypothesized that certain orbits existed within an atom in which an electron could travel without radiating energy.
Mark Oliphant organization.organization_founder.organizations_founded Australian Academy of Science
Bohrium common.topic.notable_types Chemical Element
Te Atatu location.location.containedby New Zealand
joseph john thomson work related to william crookes base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
george gamow worked with ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation worked with
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson knew arthur balfour
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from ernest rutherford work related to sonar
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford's next major discovery came in 1909.
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Under Rutherford's direction, English physicist Patrick Blackett in 1925 used the cloud chamber  apparatus, developed by Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson, to record the tracks of disintegrated nuclei.
Rutherford scattering base.schemastaging.context_name.pronunciation g.125_ryr27
Joseph John Thomson people.person.spouse_s m.0vpcmp8
Bladder cancer medicine.disease.risk_factors Male
After the War, Bohr, like many other Manhattan researchers -- most notably Oppenheimer (but in direct conflict with fellow nuclear physicist Edward Teller) -- became activists in trying to keep atomic weapons out of the control of the military and under close civilian supervision. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence For a few months, Bohr and his son Aage helped in a British project to make a nuclear fission bomb, then moved to Los Alamos, New Mexico, with a British research team, to work on the Manhattan Project, whose aim was to build the world's first atomic bomb.
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Non-gonococcal urethritis
Radioactive substances and their radiations common.topic.notable_types Book
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Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others.
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Foil made from metals with a large atomic number (such as lead) reflected back even more particles. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence This convinced Rutherford that the explanation must lie in the nature of the metal atoms in the foil.
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Chemist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010f2qwv
Chemistry book.book_subject.works The Sceptical Chymist
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Urethritis
Max Planck influence.influence_node.influenced Lise Meitner
m.0x0mgg4 award.award_honor.award Rumford Medal
During the War, Rutherford's also continued to work at Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence His results were used later in Langevin's development of sonar.
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to edward teller worked with niels henrik david bohr
After the War, Bohr, like many other Manhattan researchers -- most notably Oppenheimer (but in direct conflict with fellow nuclear physicist Edward Teller) -- became activists in trying to keep atomic weapons out of the control of the military and under close civilian supervision. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr activist with julius robert oppenheimer
Abram Ioffe people.person.profession Physicist
At his suggestion, the name \"proton\"  was given to the hydrogen nucleus in 1920. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0ztbh
Cambridge base.biblioness.bibs_location.country United Kingdom
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Astrophysicist people.profession.specialization_of Physicist
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences At his suggestion, the name \"proton\"  was given to the hydrogen nucleus in 1920.
Rutherford scattering symbols.namesake.named_after Ernest Rutherford
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written Properties of Matter
Footscray location.location.people_born_here Leslie H. Martin
New Zealand location.country.languages_spoken English Language
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Over the next few years Thomson also developed a model of the atom that incorporated his discovery, sometimes referred to as the \"plum pudding\" atom, in which he proposed that the atom is a diffuse sphere of positive electrical charge in which discrete, negatively-charged electrons are embedded.
Ernest Rutherford award.award_winner.awards_won m.05t5gzt
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.peers m.02nc2fh
Nobel Prize in Chemistry freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Date Discontinued
Male base.animalnames.animal_gender.animal_names m.05bvklm
Tendencies of recent investigations in the field of physics book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences As a result, Rutherford directed physicists John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in 1932 to construct the world's first particle accelerator, and thereby demonstrate the transmutation of elements by  artificial means.
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Niels Bohr fictional_universe.fictional_character.based_on Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson fellow-psychic with arthur conan doyle
Wolfgang Pauli education.academic.advisors Max Born
Mark Oliphant book.author.works_written Science and mankind
No, no, you're not thinking; you're just being logical. media_common.quotation.author Niels Henrik David Bohr
joseph john thomson taught william henry bragg base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other William Henry Bragg
Scots Language language.human_language.countries_spoken_in United Kingdom
charles thomson rees wilson invention used by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Physicist people.profession.specializations Optical Physicist
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics, and in 1908 he was knighted for his scientific achievements.
Westminster Abbey film.film_location.featured_in_films The Young Victoria
Westminster Abbey religion.place_of_worship.historically_used_by_religions m.046x32x
julius robert oppenheimer met niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Niels Henrik David Bohr
University of Manchester education.educational_institution_campus.educational_institution University of Manchester
This work would earn Rutherford the 1908 Nobel Prize in  chemistry. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Rutherford was now sought by such gifted associates as Otto Hahn, a German physicist who would demonstrate the fissioning of uranium in 1939.
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Athlete's foot
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Keith Park
In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford worked with niels henrik david bohr
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Irish language.human_language.countries_spoken_in United Kingdom
Henry Moseley people.person.profession Physicist
Alexander William Bickerton people.person.education m.0648gm6
Rutherford demonstrated that X-rays broke gas molecules into electrically charged particles, or ions, of positive and negative electricity, which recombined to form neutral molecules. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Working alone, Rutherford then developed a technique for measuring  the velocity and rate of recombination of these positive and negative ions.
ernest rutherford work related to paul langevin base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
As a result, Rutherford directed physicists John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in 1932 to construct the world's first particle accelerator, and thereby demonstrate the transmutation of elements by  artificial means. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi.
Nazir Ahmed people.person.place_of_birth Lahore
m.03kzm_9 people.place_lived.location United Kingdom
John Tyndall education.academic.advisees Alexander William Bickerton
George Darwin people.family_member.family Darwin–Wedgwood family
Jossi Wells people.person.gender Male
m.0460_cb people.place_lived.person Ernest Rutherford
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.person.education m.03p8jm_
Christian Bohr common.topic.notable_types Deceased Person
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Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Keisha Castle-Hughes
Frederick Soddy common.topic.notable_for g.125dtc2gr
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Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written Rays of positive electricity and their application to chemical analyses
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Knew Prime Minister Balfour. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence His work related to that of Becquerel and Lorenz.
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to philipp eduard anton lenard anticipated ernest rutherford
Henrik Anthony Kramers [died] common.topic.notable_types Book
Paul Dirac influence.influence_node.influenced_by Niels Henrik David Bohr
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences By the end of his career, seven Nobel Prizes were awarded to those who worked under Thomson, including his own son, George Thomson and the German physicist Born .
m.010g37lv education.education.student Henry DeWolf Smyth
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-261
joseph john thomson work related to william crookes base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others.
He also showed that bombardment with alpha particles had its limits, finding that large nuclei repelled them without disintegrating. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence As a result, Rutherford directed physicists John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in 1932 to construct the world's first particle accelerator, and thereby demonstrate the transmutation of elements by  artificial means.
London location.location.containedby United Kingdom
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Edward Victor Appleton base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He and his team were able to measure the height of the reflecting ionized layer and they discovered two more layers: the so-called Appleton, or F layer (at more than twice the height of the Kennelly-Heaviside, or E layer) and the D layer, below E.  They also demonstrated that the reflected wave was elliptically polarized and were able to describe its daily and seasonal variations, and to supply data for mathematical analysis of reflection and density.
Bohr radius symbols.namesake.named_after Niels Henrik David Bohr
Germanic peoples common.topic.notable_types Ethnicity
He concluded that uranium emitted two distinct types of radiation, which he named \"alpha rays\" -- highly powerful in producing ionization, but easily absorbed -- and \"beta rays\" -- producing less radiation but having more penetrating ability. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1900, he also observed what was described by French physicist Paul Villard as \"gamma\" radiation, the  most penetrating type of all.
Blackett showed that the bombardment of alpha particles combined with the nucleus before disintegration, and did not break the nucleus apart like a bullet. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Romana Graham
Albert Beaumont Wood influence.influence_node.influenced_by Ernest Rutherford
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1900, he also observed what was described by French physicist Paul Villard as \"gamma\" radiation, the  most penetrating type of all.
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson work related to antoine-henri becquerel
Bradford common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1936, 75 of Germany's most notable physicists put their names to the Heisenberg-Wien-Geiger Memorandum, lamenting the state of physics in Germany, and objecting to Nazi newspaper attacks on theoretical physics.
The resulting ionizing effect in the gas could be detected not only by an electrometer (a device that measured electric charge in a gas), but visually (as the alpha particles struck a zinc sulfide screen, they caused an identifiable flash, or  \"scintillation\"). base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
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Albert Einstein freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Height
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He knew Balfour.
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lord kelvin criticized ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation criticized
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Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.profession Physicist
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albert einstein knew ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Albert Einstein
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In this second experiment, using the apparatus designed by CTR Wilson , he was able to measure the actual charge by condensing drops of water on the \"subatomic\" particles to form a mist, establishing the size of the drops from their rate of fall.
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson priority dispute with philipp eduard anton lenard
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Physicist common.topic.webpage m.09ypqb8
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory architecture.building_complex.buildings_in_complex ISIS neutron source
Temuera Morrison people.person.ethnicity Māori people
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m.0460_cb people.place_lived.location United Kingdom
Yulii Borisovich Khariton people.person.education m.09scg9f
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This convinced Rutherford that the explanation must lie in the nature of the metal atoms in the foil. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence He deduced that each contained a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons: only that kind of nucleus could repulse the positively charged alpha particles that happened to strike them and produce such enormous deflections.
Frederick Soddy symbols.name_source.namesakes Soddy
Linus Pauling people.person.gender Male
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences This work would earn Rutherford the 1908 Nobel Prize in  chemistry.
Ernest Rutherford people.person.parents Martha Thompson
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Jemaine Clement people.person.ethnicity Māori people
He taught Langevin, Bragg and Oppenheimer. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections joseph john thomson taught julius robert oppenheimer
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Physicist fictional_universe.character_occupation.characters_with_this_occupation Ronald McNair
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Niels Henrik David Bohr education.academic.advisees Hans Kramers
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George Gamow base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from george gamow worked with ernest rutherford
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English Language language.human_language.main_country United States of America
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m.0zbt7zg award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
m.03k_90d people.place_lived.person Frederick Soddy
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Club foot
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences They argued that it was completely at odds with classical physics, and Bohr's use of a classical model to explain the structure and behavior of the nucleus, made the theory even more illogical.
Academic type.type.expected_by Person
joseph john thomson fellow-psychic with arthur conan doyle base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle.
Joan Paget Thomson people.person.gender Female
Aage Bohr people.person.profession Physicist
Søren Kierkegaard people.person.nationality Denmark
Germanic peoples people.ethnicity.includes_groups Danes
Brightwater location.location.containedby Tasman District
joseph john thomson taught paul langevin base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Paul Langevin
Germany film.film_location.featured_in_films The Young Victoria
m.0d522bn biology.hybrid_parentage.parent_sex Male
Parkinson's disease medicine.icd_9_cm_classification.includes_classifications Parkinson's disease
As a result, Rutherford directed physicists John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in 1932 to construct the world's first particle accelerator, and thereby demonstrate the transmutation of elements by  artificial means. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
george gamow worked with ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject George Gamow
Jemaine Clement people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Niels Henrik David Bohr education.academic.advisees Werner Heisenberg
Nazir Ahmed people.person.education m.09j272j
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences During the First World War, Rutherford, serving in the British Navy's Board of Invention and Research, worked on methods of detecting German U-boats (submarines) by underwater acoustics.
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Kate Sheppard
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Ventricular tachycardia
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry people.deceased_person.place_of_death Lahore
Mark Oliphant common.topic.notable_types Academic
Also in 1920, Rutherford speculated that uncharged particles, which were later called neutrons, must also exist in the nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0ztbt
Alexander William Bickerton people.person.education m.0648gm1
Rutherford's next major discovery came in 1909. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The final proof  that  alpha particles were helium ions came also in 1908, when Rutherford trapped alpha particles in a glass tube and, by sparking the gas that was produced, showed from its spectrum that it was helium.
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry people.person.place_of_birth Rohtak district
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Harriet Brooks people.person.education m.05t6byr
In early 1896 Thomson asked Rutherford to help him study the effects of Roentgen's X-rays on the discharge of electricity in gases. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Rutherford became the first research student to work under English physicist J.J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory.
Rutherford's next major discovery came in 1909. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Stuart Dryburgh people.person.nationality United Kingdom
The liquid-drop model was vindicated when Bohr correctly predicted that the differing behavior of the nuclei of uranium-235 and uranium-238 was due to the fact that the number of neutrons in each nucleus was odd and even respectively. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Leslie H. Martin people.person.education m.0648_by
Brighton location.location.containedby United Kingdom
Mark Oliphant influence.influence_node.peers m.09c3cx3
James Chadwick base.nobelprizes.nobel_prize_winner.nobel_honor m.063x7hv
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Trinity College, Cambridge education.educational_institution_campus.educational_institution Trinity College, Cambridge
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences But in September, 1943, after receiving news that his own life was in danger, he and his family were spirited to Sweden by the Danish resistance movement.
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.isotopes Rutherfordium-255
ernest rutherford work related to antoine-henri becquerel base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel.
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Rutherford College, Auckland location.location.containedby New Zealand
Science award.award_discipline.awards_in_this_discipline Rutherford Medal
Max Delbrück education.academic.advisors Max Born
Stephen T. Kay people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Max Delbrück people.person.gender Male
m.0sv_fw8 education.education.institution Rutherford College, Auckland
joseph john thomson fellow-psychic with arthur conan doyle base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Book freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Written Work
Kensington base.biblioness.bibs_location.country England
Lewis Fry Richardson people.person.gender Male
In 1884,  Thomson was chosen to replace Rayleigh as director of the Cavendish. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others.
Nancy Wake people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
m.0zbt631 award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
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Edward Victor Appleton people.person.education m.0n1fync
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George Paget Thomson people.person.place_of_birth Cambridge
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Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.person.places_lived m.03ldsj2
Rutherford first studied the radioactive emissions of uranium, systematically wrapping uranium in successive layers of aluminum foil to observe the emissions' penetrating ability. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel.
C. F. Powell common.topic.article m.023c6q
Lise Meitner people.person.ethnicity Jewish people
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Werner Heisenberg common.topic.notable_types Academic
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Rutherford became the first research student to work under English physicist J.J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Albert Beaumont Wood book.author.works_written A textbook of sound
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Kim Sinclair people.person.nationality New Zealand
Male base.animalnames.animal_gender.animal_names m.0kfyrw1
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Hans Henrik Bohr freebase.valuenotation.has_value Place of birth
Hans Kramers common.topic.notable_types Academic
Harriet Brooks common.topic.image Harriet brooks
He knew Balfour. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford symbols.name_source.namesakes Rutherford College, Auckland
Epilepsy medicine.disease.risk_factors Stroke
Rutherford College, Kent common.topic.image Rutherford College Entrance
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Ernest Marsden common.topic.image Marsden1.GIF
m.03lsdrf people.place_lived.person Joseph John Thomson
Working alone, Rutherford then developed a technique for measuring  the velocity and rate of recombination of these positive and negative ions. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Rutherford demonstrated that X-rays broke gas molecules into electrically charged particles, or ions, of positive and negative electricity, which recombined to form neutral molecules.
Westminster Abbey religion.place_of_worship.religion Anglicanism
joseph john thomson taught william henry bragg base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation taught
In 1904, with Bertram Boltwood, Rutherford worked out the series of transformations that radioactive elements go through and suggested that those with extremely long half-lives might provide a source of energy for sustaining the heat of the Earth's interior. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
m.0kv984f education.education.student Ernest Rutherford
Analyzing the properties that might be expected, Thomson showed that the sphere would have apparent added mass due to the charge and proportional to the electrostatic energy. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence This was the first step towards Einstein's famous law of the equivalence of mass and energy published a decade later.
Soon Thomson, working with Rutherford , found that passing X-rays through gases greatly increased their ability to conduct electricity, as the X-rays ionized the gases (they converted gas atoms into ions, which carry an electrical charge and so are good carriers of current), and that the resulting conduction resembled in some ways the conduction by ions during electrolysis of a solution. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Research into cathode rays were galvanized in 1895 by the discovery by Roentgen of X-rays, a previously unsuspected form of radiation that was also produced in gas discharge tubes (but from the anode rather than the cathode).
m.0pkz0dk award.award_honor.award_winner John Cockcroft
Immediately after getting his doctorate, Bohr travelled to England to continue his research in electron theory at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Bohr hoped that the director of the Laboratory, English physicist J.J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron, would appreciate his doctoral thesis, which he had painstakingly translated into English.
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written Application of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry
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Charles Thomson Rees Wilson education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to charles thomson rees wilson invention used by ernest rutherford
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joseph john thomson taught paul langevin base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence He taught Langevin, Bragg and Oppenheimer.
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Earlier, in 1900, Bequerel had identified beta rays with cathode rays, which were shown to be electrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt7h
Frederick Soddy education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from ernest rutherford corresponded with albert einstein
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Academic type.type.properties Appointments, fellowships, etc.
Thomson was then for several years largely occupied in building a comprehensive explanation of the conduction of electricity through gases, and in particular of the phenomenon of cathode rays - a subject that had become extremely popular among physicists during the preceding decade, largely as a result of the work of Plucker , Hittorf , Crookes , Goldstein and others. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence These men had established that if an electrical discharge is caused to pass through a gas under very low pressure in a glass tube, a glowing beam - called a cathode ray - is seen to follow the electrical discharge from one end of the tube to the other, and can be deflected by an electrical or magnetic field superimposed on the tube.
Max Planck base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from max planck theory applied by niels henrik david bohr
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett award.award_winner.awards_won m.03zbgn_
Mark Oliphant common.topic.image MarkOliphantPortrait
The second concept, the principle of \"correspondence\", suggested that the laws of classical physics could be preserved in light of the new quantum physics. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Bohr argued that the two parts of  the duality may appear to be inconsistent, or even in conflict, but that both are necessary to obtain a complete view of particles and waves.
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Charles Glover Barkla people.deceased_person.place_of_death Edinburgh
Cardiovascular disease medicine.disease.risk_factors Male
He served as its director for the next 40 years. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms.
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Niels Henrik David Bohr education.academic.advisees Charles Galton Darwin
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m.03pfgj8 people.place_lived.person Niels Henrik David Bohr
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Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Deflection of the rays in electric and magnetic fields proved they were positive particles.
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John Tyndall people.person.profession Scientist
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson work related to julius plucker
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences His atomic model was anticipated by Lenard.
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Harald Bohr freebase.valuenotation.has_value Place of birth
Ernest C. Pollard education.academic.advisors James Chadwick
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Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences This was the first step towards Einstein's famous law of the equivalence of mass and energy published a decade later.
ernest rutherford corresponded with enrico fermi base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
Scientist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.0107gppb
They charted how thorium-X gradually lost its radioactivity, while the original thorium regained its  activity, illustrating that thorium-X had its own distinctive half-life, much shorter than the half-life of thorium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
The positive charge on the nucleus would therefore be balanced by an equal charge on all the electrons orbiting the nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence During the First World War, Rutherford, serving in the British Navy's Board of Invention and Research, worked on methods of detecting German U-boats (submarines) by underwater acoustics.
Ernest Rutherford people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Harald Høffding people.person.place_of_birth Copenhagen
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to joseph john thomson superseded by niels henrik david bohr
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John Tyndall common.topic.notable_types Academic
His atomic model was anticipated by Lenard. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford work anticipated by philipp eduard anton lenard
Alexander William Bickerton education.academic.advisees Ernest Rutherford
Charles Glover Barkla people.person.profession Physicist
Jemaine Clement people.person.languages English Language
m.03lfgfz common.webpage.topic Rutherford College, Auckland
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Ernest Walton people.person.nationality Republic of Ireland
enrico fermi honored by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation honored by
It was not until more than a year later that Rutherford felt he had enough evidence to postulate the modern concept of the atom, which he announced early in 1911. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
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Francis William Aston people.person.gender Male
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences However, this model was never very successful, and from the work of Rutherford, Thomson's successor at the Cavendish, and Bohr a better picture - of the nuclear atom - would soon evolve.
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Biography common.topic.subjects Scientist
Brian Sergent freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Radioactive substances and their radiations common.topic.notable_for g.1n07whwkz
Thomson then developed experiments in which the rays were deflected by both magnetic and electrical fields. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence By measuring the angle at which the rays were deflected by fields of different magnitudes, he was able to calculate the ratio of the electrical charge to the mass (e/m) for the particles that made up the rays.
And so the nature of radioactivity was now fully revealed. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
william henry bragg encouraged by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Ernest Rutherford
Harriet Brooks people.person.nationality Canada
British people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken Manx Language
Maurice Goldhaber people.person.gender Male
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Cambridge location.location.contains University of Cambridge
Lewis Fry Richardson influence.influence_node.influenced_by Joseph John Thomson
Republic of Ireland location.country.official_language Irish
Academic type.type.expected_by Academics
charles thomson rees wilson invention used by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Wilson's revamped chamber was used to confirm the classic alpha-particle scattering and transmutation experiments first performed in 1909-10 by British physicist Rutherford, who described the chamber as \"the most original apparatus in the whole history of physics\".
C. F. Powell people.person.profession Physicist
Chemist Warehouse common.topic.subject_of Australia
niels henrik david bohr work related to paul adrien maurice dirac base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
m.05t5sqp freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
Edward Victor Appleton symbols.name_source.namesakes Appleton Tower
Joseph James Thomson common.topic.notable_types Person
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson common.topic.notable_types Academic
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m.04m0ynn people.place_lived.person Mark Oliphant
niels henrik david bohr appealed to winston churchill base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Niels Henrik David Bohr
Danes common.topic.notable_types Ethnicity
George Gamow base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences After graduating from the University of Petrograd at 24, Gamow spent the summer of 1928 at the University of Gottingen, where he read about Rutherford's failed attempts to bombard uranium nuclei with alpha (positively charged) particles that have as much as double the energy of the alpha particles emitted by the nuclei.
Male fictional_universe.fictional_setting.fictional_characters_born_here Shadow Figure
ernest rutherford work related to marie curie base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence His work related to that of  Marie Curie and Ramsay.
m.0hz5ll7 location.mailing_address.citytown London
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Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Thomson then developed experiments in which the rays were deflected by both magnetic and electrical fields.
Book freebase.type_hints.included_types Topic
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Stuart Dryburgh
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees Lionel Robert Wilberforce
Counting the particles with the use of the electric  radiation \"Geiger\" counter, they divided the total charge produced by the number of particles counted, and arrived at the  conclusion that each particle had two positive charges. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The final proof  that  alpha particles were helium ions came also in 1908, when Rutherford trapped alpha particles in a glass tube and, by sparking the gas that was produced, showed from its spectrum that it was helium.
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson people.person.profession Physicist
niels henrik david bohr influenced alfred kastler base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation influenced
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences It was not until more than a year later that Rutherford felt he had enough evidence to postulate the modern concept of the atom, which he announced early in 1911.
niels henrik david bohr opposed by albert einstein base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence The most famous and most outspoken anti-Bohr, however, was German/American physicist Einstein, who never accepted Bohr's claim that quantum mechanics was the \"rational generalization of classical physics\", necessary for the understanding of atomic phenomena.
In this second experiment, using the apparatus designed by CTR Wilson , he was able to measure the actual charge by condensing drops of water on the \"subatomic\" particles to form a mist, establishing the size of the drops from their rate of fall. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Joseph John Thomson
Brighton base.biblioness.bibs_location.country England
Stuart Dryburgh people.person.place_of_birth London
Rutherford astronomy.extraterrestrial_location.on_celestial_object Moon
Henry DeWolf Smyth common.topic.notable_types Academic
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In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Rutherford first studied the radioactive emissions of uranium, systematically wrapping uranium in successive layers of aluminum foil to observe the emissions' penetrating ability.
Peter Jackson freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
He offered Bohr a job as lecturer in physics at Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Mark Oliphant education.academic.advisees Ernest William Titterton
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m.02kq3_w business.employment_tenure.person Joseph John Thomson
During the 30s, Bohr turned to a new, but related, topic: the composition of the atomic nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence The most famous and most outspoken anti-Bohr, however, was German/American physicist Einstein, who never accepted Bohr's claim that quantum mechanics was the \"rational generalization of classical physics\", necessary for the understanding of atomic phenomena.
The first was the principle of \"complementarity\" that stated there may be more than one true and accurate way to view natural phenomena. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The best example was the wave-particle duality discovered in the 1930s, in which particles were found to have wavelike characteristics,  and waves to have particle-like properties.
Auckland Region location.administrative_division.country New Zealand
Person type.type.properties Date of birth
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson work related to albert einstein
Māori people people.ethnicity.languages_spoken English Language
Nelson location.location.containedby New Zealand
Lionel Robert Wilberforce people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Rutherford had discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911 from his work on alpha rays. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Ernest Rutherford cropped common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Ernest Rutherford
Emma Swindells people.person.gender Female
Ernest Rutherford book.author.works_written Radioactive substances and their radiations
Ernest Rutherford influence.influence_node.influenced Nazir Ahmed
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He concluded that uranium emitted two distinct types of radiation, which he named \"alpha rays\" -- highly powerful in producing ionization, but easily absorbed -- and \"beta rays\" -- producing less radiation but having more penetrating ability.
James Rutherford common.topic.notable_types Person
m.0zbs_cx award.award_honor.award Rutherford Medal
Ernest C. Pollard people.person.nationality United States of America
m.0kv984f education.education.institution Nelson College
Rays of positive electricity and their application to chemical analyses book.written_work.author Joseph John Thomson
For more than a century, it had been known that light from the heating of an element produced characteristics line in the spectrum of the light seen through a prism. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The specific pattern of the lines was unique for each element.
Chadwick symbols.namesake.named_after James Chadwick
albert einstein knew niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Niels Henrik David Bohr
Joseph John Thomson award.award_winner.awards_won m.0tm2g0h
Ernest Rutherford2 common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery The Rutherford Journal
English Language language.human_language.main_country New Zealand
Arthur Balfour base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Through his brother-in-law,  Strutt(Lord Rayleigh), Balfour knew men of science, like J. J. Thomson, Rutherford, and Lodge.
Max Planck education.academic.research_areas Physics
Ellen Adler Bohr people.person.gender Female
Ernest Marsden people.person.place_of_birth Lancashire
Kiwi fictional_universe.ethnicity_in_fiction.characters_of_this_ethnicity Bret McKenzie
m.0n51zbx award.award_honor.award_winner Niels Henrik David Bohr
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m.0cp9tdt base.visleg.collaborative_participation.role Scientist
m.03lg_8t people.place_lived.location United Kingdom
ernest rutherford corresponded with albert einstein base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Throughout the 30s, Rutherford maintained close contact with leading world scientists, in particular,  physicists Bohr,  Planck, Einstein and Fermi.
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C. F. Powell education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
Person freebase.type_profile.strict_included_types Topic
Niels Henrik David Bohr book.author.works_written On the notions of causality and complementarity
In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford work related to antoine-henri becquerel
m.05t686p education.education.student Henry DeWolf Smyth
Bret McKenzie fictional_universe.fictional_character.place_of_birth New Zealand
The British chemist Soddy had earlier proposed the existence of isotopes, an idea proved by Thomson to be correct when he identified the isotope neon-22 in 1912. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Between 1906 and 1914 Thomson entered his second and last great period of research, which he devoted to the study of \"canal rays\", streams of positively charged ions (first discovered by Eugen Goldstein), which Thomson named \"positive rays.\" Using magnetic and electric fields to deflect these rays, in 1912 he found that ions of neon gas are deflected by different amounts, indicating that they consist of a mixture of ions with different charge-to-mass ratios.
m.063s4ms base.nobelprizes.nobel_honor.nobel_prize_winner Edward Victor Appleton
ernest rutherford taught william henry bragg base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence He taught Bragg.
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Robert Bruce Lindsay education.academic.advisors Hans Kramers
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The first was the principle of \"complementarity\" that stated there may be more than one true and accurate way to view natural phenomena.
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett education.academic.advisees Keith Runcorn
philipp eduard anton lenard anticipated ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Proposing that negative and positive electric charges in the atom were arranged tightly in pairs, his model of the atom was an important precursor to that of the  British physicist Rutherford, who in 1911 demonstrated his atomic model, of a very dense positive nucleus orbited by relatively distant negative electrons.
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Seborrheic dermatitis
John Cockcroft education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Andy Anderson
James Chadwick people.person.education m.02wnzqh
Academic type.type.domain Education
m.064wn6r base.nobelprizes.nobel_honor.nobel_prize_winner Niels Henrik David Bohr
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Kim Sinclair
From this research, Rutherford and Soddy in 1903 were able to put together the modern understanding of radioactivity. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Physicist common.topic.article m.05sp4
Jemaine Clement freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
Bohr hoped that the director of the Laboratory, English physicist J.J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron, would appreciate his doctoral thesis, which he had painstakingly translated into English. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Immediately after getting his doctorate, Bohr travelled to England to continue his research in electron theory at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University.
m.0x19_0j award.award_honor.award_winner Ernest Rutherford
m.09scg98 education.education.institution University of Cambridge
Joseph John Thomson common.topic.image Jj-thomson2.jpg
The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1922, the brilliant success of his work on atomic structure earned him the Nobel Prize for physics.
joseph john thomson fellow-psychic with alfred russel wallace base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Carbonear common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Keith Urban freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Best known for inventing a device used for counting atomic particles, the Geiger-Mueller counter.
They argued that it was completely at odds with classical physics, and Bohr's use of a classical model to explain the structure and behavior of the nucleus, made the theory even more illogical. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence But Rutherford was totally on Bohr's side and considered him a genius.
John William Strutt education.academic.advisees Joseph John Thomson
Gender rdf-schema#domain Person
London travel.travel_destination.tour_operators Adventures by Disney - England and France Vacation
G. I. Taylor common.topic.notable_types Academic
Westminster Abbey location.location.containedby City of Westminster
m.05bvkm6 base.animalnames.animal_specific_name_relationship.gender Male
Lancashire base.biblioness.bibs_location.country England
The theory of spectra and atomic constitution book.written_work.author Niels Henrik David Bohr
Keisha Castle-Hughes people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Paul Dirac people.person.gender Male
Physicist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.011r1b60
Henry Moseley common.topic.notable_for g.125f13vt_
Science education.field_of_study.subdisciplines Social science
Male freebase.domain_category.domains neilplus's types
joseph john thomson work related to james clerk maxwell base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence In 1881 he began working at the Cavendish Lab Under Rayleigh and wrote his first important paper which appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' and contained an application of the new and not yet fully accepted electromagnetic theory of Maxwell to the motion of a charged sphere.
joseph john thomson work related to antoine-henri becquerel base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence His work related to that of Becquerel and Lorenz.
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.education m.0rp65vs
niels henrik david bohr activist with julius robert oppenheimer base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence After the War, Bohr, like many other Manhattan researchers -- most notably Oppenheimer (but in direct conflict with fellow nuclear physicist Edward Teller) -- became activists in trying to keep atomic weapons out of the control of the military and under close civilian supervision.
Melanie Lynskey people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
m.09xmdyh common.webpage.topic Westminster Abbey
m.03p8bkb education.education.student Henry Moseley
August Krogh people.person.profession Scientist
Robert Bruce Lindsay common.topic.notable_types Academic
Organization freebase.type_hints.included_types Topic
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Werner Heisenberg influence.influence_node.influenced_by Niels Henrik David Bohr
Erik Bohr people.person.gender Male
Marie Curie people.person.profession Chemist
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences After a long series of experiments, Rutherford concluded that the alpha particles had caused the nitrogen nuclei to disintegrate, forming hydrogen and oxygen nuclei -- the first artificial transformation of one element to another.
Science common.topic.subjects Chemistry
joseph john thomson work related to james clerk maxwell base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Ernest Marsden people.person.nationality New Zealand
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1897 Rutherford took up the study of radioactivity, discovered in 1896 by French physicist Becquerel.
Male common.topic.notable_types Risk Factor
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.employment_history m.02kq3sv
Toby Segaran people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
Over the next few years Thomson also developed a model of the atom that incorporated his discovery, sometimes referred to as the \"plum pudding\" atom, in which he proposed that the atom is a diffuse sphere of positive electrical charge in which discrete, negatively-charged electrons are embedded. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence However, this model was never very successful, and from the work of Rutherford, Thomson's successor at the Cavendish, and Bohr a better picture - of the nuclear atom - would soon evolve.
Temuera Morrison people.person.gender Male
m.0648_by education.education.institution University of Cambridge
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written Conduction of electricity through gases
m.0x0mgg4 award.award_honor.award_winner Ernest Rutherford
John Cockcroft people.person.gender Male
Edward Routh people.deceased_person.place_of_death Cambridge
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.deceased_person.place_of_death London
British people common.topic.image 21 Britons
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Nathan Torkington
joseph john thomson taught julius robert oppenheimer base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Leslie H. Martin common.topic.notable_for g.125fxgkyk
However, he later observed the same effect when alpha particles were fired into nitrogen. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford2 common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Ernest Rutherford
John Zeleny education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Rutherford found similar results with other elements  and  announced that the nucleus of any atom must be composed of hydrogen nuclei .
Edward Victor Appleton common.topic.image Appleton during World War I.
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Craig Clarke
m.02nxf8d common.webpage.topic Alexander William Bickerton
Bohr magneton symbols.namesake.named_after Niels Henrik David Bohr
Edmund Hillary freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of death
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Aortic aneurysm
James Chadwick education.academic.advisees Ernest C. Pollard
Martha Thompson common.topic.notable_for g.12h2z79y8
Ernest Rutherford2 common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Rutherfordium
His results were used later in Langevin's development of sonar. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections ernest rutherford work related to sonar
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Kyphosis
Also in 1920, Rutherford speculated that uncharged particles, which were later called neutrons, must also exist in the nucleus. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence At his suggestion, the name \"proton\"  was given to the hydrogen nucleus in 1920.
Robert William Boyle people.person.nationality Canada
Physics education.field_of_study.academic_departments School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
Marie Curie people.person.gender Female
During the 1920s and 1930s, Bohr wrote extensively about atomic structures, proposing two concepts that he considered fundamental to the \"new physics\". base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence The first was the principle of \"complementarity\" that stated there may be more than one true and accurate way to view natural phenomena.
Chemist Warehouse common.topic.subject_of Chemist
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The process entailed firing alpha particles into a nearly evacuated tube with a strong electric field.
Bertram Boltwood common.topic.notable_types Academic
Recollections and Reflection common.topic.notable_types Written Work
Māori people common.topic.notable_types Ethnicity
University of Canterbury education.educational_institution.campuses University of Canterbury
Ernest Rutherford book.author.works_written The Artificial Transmutation of the Elements
In this second experiment, using the apparatus designed by CTR Wilson , he was able to measure the actual charge by condensing drops of water on the \"subatomic\" particles to form a mist, establishing the size of the drops from their rate of fall. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Thomson did find some detractors, however, including the German physicist Lenard , who for a period bitterly claimed priority over the discovery, and by a few scientists such as the German chemist Ostwald , who until his death in 1932 refused to believe in the existence of either atoms or electrons.
The Copenhagen Institute rapidly became a center for theoretical physicists throughout the world, and such figures as Pauli, Gamow and Heisenberg developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence He served as its director for the next 40 years.
George Gamow people.person.gender Male
ernest rutherford worked with johannes wilhelm geiger base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence In 1906, he accepted the chair of professor of physics at Manchester University in England, where he built up a renowned laboratory and a group of talented associates including Geiger,  and physicist Bohr.
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The liquid-drop model was vindicated when Bohr correctly predicted that the differing behavior of the nuclei of uranium-235 and uranium-238 was due to the fact that the number of neutrons in each nucleus was odd and even respectively.
Ngila Dickson people.person.ethnicity Kiwi
joseph john thomson work related to william crookes base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
ernest rutherford work related to sonar base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence His results were used later in Langevin's development of sonar.
Nazir Ahmed influence.influence_node.influenced Ernest Rutherford
joseph john thomson work related to albert einstein base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
Physicist people.profession.specializations Astrophysicist
Nazir Ahmed people.person.profession Physicist
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester education.department.academics_old Ernest Rutherford
Albert Einstein influence.influence_node.influenced Paco Ahlgren
Niels Henrik David Bohr influence.influence_node.influenced Max Delbrück
joseph john thomson fellow-psychic with alfred, lord tennyson base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1884,  Thomson was chosen to replace Rayleigh as director of the Cavendish.
niels henrik david bohr encouraged by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence Soon after, Bohr met British physicist Rutherford, then at the University of Manchester.
Jewish people common.topic.notable_types Ethnicity
Tonbridge common.topic.notable_types City/Town/Village
Chemist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010g2czr
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Mark Oliphant
Bohrium chemistry.chemical_element.chemical_series Period 7 element
Charles Glover Barkla common.topic.notable_types Academic
m.03lzgn1 people.place_lived.location England
Mark Oliphant people.person.education m.02kq0lx
Stroke medicine.disease.parent_disease Cardiovascular disease
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett people.person.employment_history m.02kq4b5
m.0dffcct education.education.student Henry Moseley
philipp eduard anton lenard anticipated ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Philipp Lenard
Joseph John Thomson education.academic.advisees Max Born
Frederick Soddy people.person.education m.03k_900
Yulii Borisovich Khariton common.topic.image Khariton.jpg
Andrew Adamson freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Country of nationality
joseph john thomson superseded by niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Niels Henrik David Bohr
John Britten people.person.gender Male
Ernest Rutherford influence.influence_node.influenced Albert Beaumont Wood
Frederick Soddy common.topic.article m.033qc
m.0n1jdr8 education.education.student John Cockcroft
ernest rutherford corresponded with enrico fermi base.kwebbase.kwconnection.other Enrico Fermi
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Counting the thousands of scintillations produced per minute was a laborious manual job, which prompted Geiger to invent an automatic measuring device to count the particles.
They argued that it was completely at odds with classical physics, and Bohr's use of a classical model to explain the structure and behavior of the nucleus, made the theory even more illogical. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence But many physicists were not persuaded.
Physics common.topic.subject_of Science
Henry Moseley people.person.education m.04lph2d
m.0kfyrt3 base.animalnames.animal_specific_name_relationship.gender Male
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written Elements of the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism
Rutherford returned to full research in 1919, when he made his last great discovery. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
George Laurence people.person.education m.09l4w45
Rutherford Hotel symbols.namesake.named_after Ernest Rutherford
Westminster Abbey common.topic.image The Abbey's western façade
Edward Victor Appleton people.person.education m.02wpmzg
m.09hxvmm education.education.student John Cockcroft
Erik Bohr freebase.valuenotation.has_value Date of birth
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Melanie Lynskey
But it was unclear how those particles were arranged within the nucleus, and how the nucleus was shaped. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
William Lawrence Bragg people.person.gender Male
Edmund Hillary freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of death
English Language language.human_language.countries_spoken_in United Kingdom
The best example was the wave-particle duality discovered in the 1930s, in which particles were found to have wavelike characteristics,  and waves to have particle-like properties. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Enrico Fermi base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from enrico fermi honored by ernest rutherford
Joseph John Thomson people.person.place_of_birth Manchester
His work related to that of Becquerel and Lorenz. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Knew Prime Minister Balfour.
m.0df_gkr visual_art.artwork_owner_relationship.owner Westminster Abbey
Ernest Walton people.person.education m.0n1jcrn
Academic type.type.expected_by Academic advisees
Rutherford Medal award.award_category.winners m.0zbkr08
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences Foil made from metals with a large atomic number (such as lead) reflected back even more particles.
m.0b6ptdy award.award_honor.award Copley Medal
m.02h918y protected_sites.natural_or_cultural_site_listing.listed_site Westminster Abbey
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from ernest rutherford work related to william ramsay
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson people.deceased_person.place_of_death Edinburgh
Lewis Fry Richardson people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Bertram Boltwood common.topic.notable_for g.125bkd220
Soon Thomson, working with Rutherford , found that passing X-rays through gases greatly increased their ability to conduct electricity, as the X-rays ionized the gases (they converted gas atoms into ions, which carry an electrical charge and so are good carriers of current), and that the resulting conduction resembled in some ways the conduction by ions during electrolysis of a solution. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In 1897 Thomson found that cathode rays were deflected by electric fields, strong evidence that cathode rays were rapidly-moving charged particles.
Enrico Fermi people.person.profession Physicist
City of Westminster location.location.containedby England
Niels Henrik David Bohr book.author.works_written Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature
Scientist base.skosbase.vocabulary_equivalent_topic.equivalent_concept Scientists
Westminster Abbey architecture.structure.architect Nicholas Hawksmoor
Ernest Walton people.person.education m.0n1jkbf
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to werner karl heisenberg developed work by niels henrik david bohr
Maurice Goldhaber people.person.profession Physicist
He offered Bohr a job as lecturer in physics at Manchester. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Bohr worked at Manchester from 1914 to 1916, but returned to the University of Copenhagen, where a chair of theoretical physics had been created especially for him.
John Cockcroft common.topic.notable_for g.1259wzg4n
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Robert Burchfield
Linus Pauling people.person.profession Scientist
George Paget Thomson people.person.profession Physicist
Present problems of radioactivity common.topic.notable_for g.1258f95_n
The best example was the wave-particle duality discovered in the 1930s, in which particles were found to have wavelike characteristics,  and waves to have particle-like properties. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Bohr argued that the two parts of  the duality may appear to be inconsistent, or even in conflict, but that both are necessary to obtain a complete view of particles and waves.
m.0gw13x5 award.award_honor.award Matteucci Medal
Bohr argued that the two parts of  the duality may appear to be inconsistent, or even in conflict, but that both are necessary to obtain a complete view of particles and waves. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Chemist base.lightweight.profession.specialization_of Chemists and Materials Scientists
Male biology.hybrid_parent_gender.hybrids m.0hzxnsy
m.04hg9b0 business.employment_tenure.person Robert William Boyle
Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh time.event.locations London
Edinburgh base.biblioness.bibs_topic.is_really Edinburgh
Niels Bohr Institute common.topic.notable_types Organization
Albert Einstein people.deceased_person.cause_of_death Abdominal aortic aneurysm
wolfgang ernst pauli worked with niels henrik david bohr base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Wolfgang Pauli
Lower Hutt location.location.containedby New Zealand
m.0zm9_69 biology.hybrid_parentage.parent_sex Male
Cornish Language language.human_language.main_country United Kingdom
Bradford location.administrative_division.country United Kingdom
Lower Hutt base.biblioness.bibs_location.country New Zealand
Christian Christiansen people.person.nationality Denmark
Hans Geiger symbols.name_source.namesakes Geiger
m.063s4sk base.nobelprizes.nobel_honor.subject_area Rutherford scattering
This was confirmed during 1898 when Thomson extended his research to other phenomena caused by electrical discharges, and proved that particles with the same value e/m were released from a negatively charged hot wire and from a negatively charged zinc plate illuminated by ultraviolet light. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence In this second experiment, using the apparatus designed by CTR Wilson , he was able to measure the actual charge by condensing drops of water on the \"subatomic\" particles to form a mist, establishing the size of the drops from their rate of fall.
m.0h8bww9 award.hall_of_fame_induction.inductee Ernest Rutherford
Robert William Boyle people.deceased_person.place_of_death London
James Rutherford people.person.children Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Edward Victor Appleton
John William Strutt people.person.nationality United Kingdom
They charted how thorium-X gradually lost its radioactivity, while the original thorium regained its  activity, illustrating that thorium-X had its own distinctive half-life, much shorter than the half-life of thorium. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence From this research, Rutherford and Soddy in 1903 were able to put together the modern understanding of radioactivity.
His work related to that of  Fermi, Born and Dirac. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr work related to enrico fermi
Albert Einstein people.deceased_person.place_of_death Princeton
William Henry Bragg education.academic.advisors Joseph John Thomson
Astronomy education.field_of_study.subdiscipline_of Physics
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He found that the e/m for the cathode ray \"corpuscles\" (as Thomson called them) was constant for any gas used in the experiment (whatever particle it was that made up the cathode rays occurred in all gases and was, therefore, a component of all of the different atoms of which those gases were made), and that this e/m ratio was over 1000 times larger than the ratio for the hydrogen ion, the lightest atom known.
Linus Pauling people.person.profession Chemist
m.03l6r0c education.education.institution University of Manchester
Ben Afeaki people.person.gender Male
Male common.topic.subjects ZasPorn
Ernest Rutherford education.academic.advisees Henry DeWolf Smyth
Order of Saint Benedict religion.religious_order.monasteries Westminster Abbey
ernest rutherford work anticipated by philipp eduard anton lenard base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Ernest Rutherford
sonar anticipated by ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.sentence A month later the project was passed to the famous Sorbonne physicist Langevin, who (using some of Rutherford's earlier work) agreed to experiment with underwater echo- ranging in collaboration with Chilowski.
Ernest Walton people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Mark Oliphant people.person.gender Male
J common.image.appears_in_topic_gallery Joseph John Thomson
Social science education.field_of_study.subdiscipline_of Science
During the 1920s and 1930s, Bohr wrote extensively about atomic structures, proposing two concepts that he considered fundamental to the \"new physics\". base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence In 1922, the brilliant success of his work on atomic structure earned him the Nobel Prize for physics.
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.chemical_series Toxic heavy metal
New Zealand base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_children Auckland Region
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The best example was the wave-particle duality discovered in the 1930s, in which particles were found to have wavelike characteristics,  and waves to have particle-like properties.
Thomas Henry Huxley people.person.gender Male
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He helped revolutionize the knowledge of atomic structure by his discovery of the electron (1897).
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The most important aspect of the Bohr liquid-drop model was its later ability to explain the process of nuclear fission (the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two parts, almost equal in mass, following the absorption of a neutron, with the release of a tremendous amount of nuclear energy), discovered in 1938 by Otto Hahn,  Fritz Strassmann and Lise Meitner.
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from joseph john thomson work related to eugen goldstein
His work related to that of Becquerel and Lorenz. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.next_sentence Fellow member of Society for Psychical Research with physicists Lodge,  author Carroll,  evolutionist Wallace, poet Tennyson, and Conan Doyle.
John Cockcroft book.author.works_written The development and future of nuclear energy
John Cockcroft influence.influence_node.influenced_by Horace Lamb
Physicist common.topic.notable_for g.1255fs4bv
Chemist base.descriptive_names.names.descriptive_name m.010f2qzv
Joseph John Thomson book.author.works_written Tendencies of recent investigations in the field of physics
Christian Bohr people.person.children Niels Henrik David Bohr
m.02_2b2z influence.peer_relationship.peers James Chadwick
Enrico Fermi people.person.profession Scientist
Albert Einstein freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Date of birth
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.parents Ellen Adler Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr people.person.nationality Denmark
Frederick Soddy common.topic.notable_types Academic
Kiwi people.ethnicity.people Aaron Cruden
Church religion.type_of_place_of_worship.religion Christianity
Female base.animalnames.animal_gender.animal_names m.05bvjyj
Ernest Rutherford people.person.nationality New Zealand
By 1934, it had been established that the nucleus consisted of two kinds of particles,  protons and neutrons. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Niels Henrik David Bohr
Ernest Rutherford book.author.works_written The natural and artificial disintegration of the elements
Joseph John Thomson base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences In 1897 Thomson found that cathode rays were deflected by electric fields, strong evidence that cathode rays were rapidly-moving charged particles.
m.05t68q8 education.education.institution University of Cambridge
Niels Henrik David Bohr book.author.works_written Henrik Anthony Kramers [died]
Niels Henrik David Bohr royalty.chivalric_order_member.belongs_to_order m.08smscr
Male medicine.risk_factor.diseases Acute myeloid leukemia
Australian Academy of Science common.topic.notable_types Organization
In 1919, Rutherford succeeded Thomson as director of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.kwtopic Ernest Rutherford
Adventures by Disney - England and France Vacation travel.tour_operator.travel_destinations Westminster Abbey
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from niels henrik david bohr his work developed by george gamow
william ramsay work related to ernest rutherford base.kwebbase.kwconnection.relation work related to
Ernest Rutherford base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences He was sure they consisted of positively charged particles and specifically either hydrogen or helium ions.
Kiwi people.ethnicity.includes_groups Pākehā
Nazir Ahmed common.topic.article m.05p2qzp
Ernest Rutherford influence.influence_node.influenced Hans Geiger
Paul Dirac people.person.profession Physicist
joseph john thomson work related to julius plucker base.kwebbase.kwconnection.subject Joseph John Thomson
George Paget Thomson people.person.nationality United Kingdom
Max Delbrück people.person.nationality Germany
Albert Einstein base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to joseph john thomson work related to albert einstein
Rutherford College, Kent symbols.namesake.named_after Ernest Rutherford
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett freebase.type_hints.included_types Person
Hans Geiger people.person.profession Physicist
Niels Henrik David Bohr base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from niels henrik david bohr his work developed by wolfgang ernst pauli
Philip Burton Moon education.academic.advisees Noor Muhammad Butt
m.0x1b64w award.award_honor.award_winner John Cockcroft
Henry Moseley symbols.name_source.namesakes Moseley's law
City/Town/Village freebase.type_hints.included_types Topic
m.04j64q8 base.gender.personal_gender_identity.gender_identity Male
Ernest Rutherford influence.influence_node.peers m.02nc2js
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett common.topic.notable_types Academic
Mark Oliphant people.deceased_person.place_of_death Canberra
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester common.topic.notable_for g.1256nnt8_
English Language language.human_language.countries_spoken_in New Zealand
Edmund Hillary people.deceased_person.cause_of_death heart attack
Linus Pauling freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed Place of birth
Radiations from Radioactive Substances book.written_work.author James Chadwick
Rutherfordium chemistry.chemical_element.atomic_mass m.05_f158
Leslie H. Martin people.person.gender Male
Chemist common.topic.subjects Chemist Warehouse
m.0zbssl1 freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value Winning work
In 1904, with Bertram Boltwood, Rutherford worked out the series of transformations that radioactive elements go through and suggested that those with extremely long half-lives might provide a source of energy for sustaining the heat of the Earth's interior. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.dates m.0c0zt3y
m.05t5gzn award.award_honor.award_winner Ernest Rutherford
Philip Burton Moon education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
Hans Geiger base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences The next year, British physicist Rutherford became head of the department.
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry education.academic.advisors Ernest Rutherford
m.03k_90d people.place_lived.location United Kingdom
Ernest Rutherford symbols.name_source.namesakes Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Person type.type.properties Place of birth
He influenced Kastler. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.contains_connections niels henrik david bohr influenced alfred kastler
He was sure they consisted of positively charged particles and specifically either hydrogen or helium ions. base.kwebbase.kwsentence.previous_sentence Rutherford now began to investigate the nature of alpha rays.