CCP6.2.1.4 Climate change alters food web dynamics Climate change has transformed Arctic marine ecosystems from sea ice- associated to open-water production regimes, with profound impacts on trophic energy transfer efficiencies and pathways (high confidence) (Behrenfeld et al., 2017; Meredith et al., 2019; Huntington et al., 2020) as well as benthic–pelagic coupling