Warmer temperatures reduce heating degree days and increase cooling degree days (high confidence) (Bartos et al., 2016; US EPA, 2016; Craig et al., 2018; X. Zhang et al., 2019; Coppola et al., 2021b) Extreme heat: Section 11.9 assessed that extreme temperatures in North America have increased in recent decades (medium evidence , medium agreement) other than in Central and Eastern North America (low confidence), and extreme heat in all regions is projected to increase with climate change