Projected SLR will cause more frequent flooding in Australia and New Zealand before mid-century (very high confidence)(Hunter, 2012; McInnes et al., 2016; Stephens et al., 2017; Stephens et al., 2020); (Steffen et al., 2014; PCE, 2015; MfE, 2017a; Hague et al., 2019; Paulik et al., 2020) Squeeze in intertidal habitats (high confidence)(Steffen et al., 2014; Peirson et al., 2015; Mills et al., 2016a; Mills et al., 2016b; Pettit et al., 2016; Rouse et al., 2017; Rayner et al., 2021) Significant property and infrastructure exposure (high confidence)(Steffen et al., 2014; PCE, 2015; Harvey, 2019; LGNZ, 2019; Paulik et al., 2020) (Table Box 11.5.2 and Table Box 11.6.2) Loss of significant cultural and archaeological sites and projected to compound with several hazards over this century (medium confidence)(Bickler et al., 2013; Birkett-Rees et al., 2020; NZ Archaeological Association, 2020) Increasing flood risk and water insecurity with health and well-being impacts on Torres Strait Islanders (high confidence)(Steffen et al., 2014; McInnes et al., 2016; McNamara et al., 2017) Degradation and loss of freshwater wetlands