At the same time, effluents from biofuel production can also cause negative impacts on marine ecosystems when effluent treat- ment is not meeting high standards (high confidence)± Land use needs to be coordinated, otherwise can have negative implications on biodiversity and food production (high confidence)Sections 6.4.2.6 and 12.5, Box 6.1The regional context in terms of the types of biomass/land being utilised is critical Has potential for development of low-carbon organic materials, chemicals and plastics that can be produced Hydropower± Could lead to fisheries damage if not properly managed (medium confidence)+ Minimal air pollution (high confidence)+ Coordination with water infrastructure (medium confidence)+ Low-cost and low-carbon electricity in several regions (high confidence)+ Low-carbon emissions (high confidence)± Could lead to fish- eries damage if not properly managed (medium confidence)± Land use needs to be coordinated, otherwise can have negative implications on biodiversity (medium confidence)Section 6.4.2Key context would include availability of land that does not compromise biodiversity Geothermal energy+ Potential to provide energy in several energy- scarce regions (low confidence)± Low air pollution but some water pollution risks (medium confidence)± Water flowback, water pollution and other issues (medium confidence)+ Low-cost and low-carbon electric- ity and heat in several regions (high confidence)+ Heat may be used in industrial heating (medium confidence)+ Potential for air conditioning and heating (medium confidence)+ Low-carbon emissions