Some of the trade-offs are mainly related to the switch to bioenergy, which may restrict the available land for food production and increase water consumption Economic impacts (synergies and trade-offs) are associated with reduced demand for fossil fuels, resulting in lower energy prices, RES investments, fostering innovation, and improvements in energy access Change in construction methods and circular economy+ Improve health through better labour conditions (medium confidence)± The change in construction methods and the devlopment of circular business models can lead to reduced or increased water demand, as a trade-off (medium confidence)+ Result in energy/ fuel poverty allevia- tion and improving the security of energy supply (high confidence)± Result in direct and indirect macro- economic effects (GDP , employment, public budgets) associated with development of smarter construction methods and circular business models + Also result in improving labour productivity (high confidence)+ The develop- ment of smarter construction methods and circular business models can foster innovation (high confidence)+ Result in reduced consumption of natural and scarce resources, waste generation and enviromental impacts (high confidence) + Result in reduced consumption of natural and scarce resources (high confidence)+ Reduce emissions and increase resilience (high confidence)+ The change in construction methods and the development of circular business models requires a better integra- tion and partner - ship between stakeholders (high confidence)Sections 9.4 and 9.5Economic impacts (synergies and trade-offs) are associated with development of smarter construction methods, circular business models, and improvements in labour productivity Change in construction materials+ Bio-based and natural materials, e.g., raw earth, can improve indoor air quality and brings the concept of biophilia – Bio-based and natural materials can be more susceptible to the appearance of biological organisms that can cause health problems (medium confidence)± The change in construc- tion materials can lead to reduced or increased water demand, as a trade-off (medium confidence)+ Result in energy/ fuel poverty allevia- tion and improving the security of energy supply (high confidence)± Result in direct and indirect macro- economic effects (GDP , employment, public budgets) asso- ciated with the use and development of green construction materials (medium confidence) + The use and development of green construction materials can foster innovation (high confidence)+ Result in reduced consumption of natural and scarce resources, waste generation and enviromental impacts (high confidence)+ Result in reduced consumption of natural and scarce resources (high confidence)+ Reduce emissions, removal and storage of CO 2 (bio-based materials) and increase resilience (high confi- dence)– Bio-based materials can increase the pressure and competition for land use (medium confidence)+ The change in construction materials requires a better integration and partnership between stake- holders