In addition, melting and thawing of snow, ice and permafrost (Section 4.2.2) have also adversely impacted water quality, security and health (high confidence) (IPCC, 2019a) (Section 4.2.7).Literature since AR5 confirms that temperature, precipitation and extreme weather events are linked to increased incidence and outbreaks of water-related and neglected tropical diseases (Colón- González et al., 2016; Levy et al., 2016; Azage et al., 2017; Harp et al., 2021)