Provision of freshwater, maintenance of water quality, regulation of pathogens (Section 3.5.5.3)Observed climate impacts on salinisation of coastal soil and groundwater not previously assessed.‘In the absence of more ambitious adaptation efforts compared to today, and under current trends of increasing exposure and vulnerability of coastal communities, risks, such as erosion and land loss, flooding, salinisation, and cascading impacts due to mean sea level rise and extreme events are projected to significantly increase throughout this century under all greenhouse gas emissions scenarios