Most of the countries that might introduce nuclear power in the future for their climate change mitigation benefits do not envision developing their own full fuel cycle, significantly reducing any risks that might be linked to proliferation (IAEA 2014, 2019).6.4.2.5 Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilisation and Storage Since AR5, there have been increased efforts to develop novel platforms that reduce the energy penalty associated with CO 2 capture, develop CO 2 utilisation pathways as a substitute to geologic storage, and establish global policies to support CCS