Acidification is also projected to negatively affect marine shellfish production and aquaculture in Europe with 4°C GWL (medium confidence) (Fernandes et al., 2017; Narita and Rehdanz, 2017; Mangi et al., 2018).13.5.1.4 Forestry and Forest Products Climate change is altering the structure and function of European forests via changes in temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO 2, as well as through interaction with pests and fire