Furthermore, smart controllers and wireless communications that are used for control- ling lighting, windows, HVAC equipment, water heaters, and other building equipment provide many other non-energy benefits such as improved security, access control, fire and other emergency detection and management, and on-time identification of maintenance issues (high confidence)+ Lower energy demand can lead to reduced water demand for thermal cooling at energy production facilities (medium confidence)+ Result in fuel poverty alleviation and improving the security of energy supply