Will likely require significantly more critical minerals Key context would include availability of land that does not compromise biodiversity Solar energy+ Solar PV can provide low-cost electricity to several communities (high confidence)± Land use for solar energy needs to be coordinated based on local circum- stances, otherwise can have negative implications on food security (medium confidence)+ Minimal air pollution, also inte- gration with health sector frequently discussed (high confidence)± Low consumption of water for PV but higher for CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) (high confidence)+ Low-cost and low- carbon electricity in several regions (high confidence)+ Large job creation per unit investment (medium confidence)+ Solar heat may be used in industrial heating (medium confidence)+ Could help through net metering (medium confidence)± Cater to sustain- able production, how- ever has significant material consumption and disposal needs (medium confidence)+ Low-carbon emissions (high confidence)± Land use for solar energy needs to be coordinated, otherwise can have negative implications on biodiversity