Nephroureterectomy With and Without Lymph Node Dissection for Upper Tract Urothelial Cell Carcinoma
The goal of this study is to conduct the first randomized-controlled trial to determine the oncologic efficacy of lymph node dissection in participants with upper tract urothelial cell carcinoma. The main questions it aims to answer are:

To determine oncologic outcomes, specifically 2-year recurrence-free survival
To determine other oncologic outcomes including treatment-free, cancer-specific and overall survival
To determine time to recurrence and recurrence patterns
To determine use of adjuvant therapies
To determine perioperative complications

Participants will undergo nephroureterectomy with or without lymph node dissection. Researchers will compare these two groups to determine the oncologic efficacy of performing lymph node dissection.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Adults > 18 years Diagnosis of UTUC as determined by upper tract biopsy (either low or high grade) Planned for nephroureterectomy by their urologic surgeon Disease that is ≤cT4, N0M0. Participants must have complete TNM staging prior to surgery. cT disease can be determined by biopsy of the mass (if biopsy was deep enough) or imaging (CT/MRI). cN and cM stage must be determined by preoperative imaging of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. No concomitant muscle-invasive bladder cancer Subjects must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.  Exclusion Criteria:  Pathologically enlarged lymph nodes suspicious for metastases which would require lymph node dissection regardless of trial (>cN0) Presence of distant metastases Concomitant muscle invasive bladder cancer The participant is in a reduced general condition or has a life-threatening disease. The participant has a psychiatric disorder that precludes them from understanding the consent process. - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 19 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult