the Impact of Manual or Mechanical Ways to Perform PLR on the Accuracy of Evaluation of Fluid Responsiveness
Our goal was to study the impact of different ways to perform passive leg raising (PLR) on the accuracy of evaluation of fluid responsiveness.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  (1) patients who appear to be of volume deficiency during postoperative period (increasing lactate levels, in need of vasopressor agents to maintain blood pressure, oliguria, and weak consciousness), and need to evaluate their fluid responsiveness; (2) patients who have undergone cardiac thoracotomy surgery; (3) patients who are transferred into the intensive care department for monitoring after surgery.  Exclusion Criteria:  (1) Age < 18 years old, or > 75 years old (2) pregnancy or lactation; (3) refusal to sign the informed consent form for enrollment; (4) patients who are clearly unable to perform passive leg raising (PLR) (intra-abdominal pressure ≥16cmH2O, high risk of lower limb venous thrombosis, intracranial hypertension, and recent undergone abdominal or pelvic surgery); (5) patients with the contraindications of using ICON Cardiac Monitor ( patients with a rate-responsive implantable cardiac pacemaker which uses electrical impedance measurements to obtain minute ventilation, patients currently undergoing external defibrillation therapy, patients using high-frequency oscillation ventilation, patients with artificial heart or heart assist device like IABP or VA-ECMO); (6) patients with the contraindications of fluid resuscitation therapy ( pulmonary edema, intracranial hypertension and so on); (7) patients who underwent partial aortic resection with artificial vessel replacement surgery ( such as after aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection vessel replacement surgery); (8) patients clinical doctors assessed as unsuitable for PLR. - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 18 Years - MaximumAge: 75 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult