Screen CardRen - A Cross-sectional Observational Cohort Study
In this single-centre, cross-sectional study, the investigators aim to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic echocardiographic structural and functional cardiac abnormalities in adult CKD patients with additional cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, with the use of Olink technology, analyses of the plasma proteome will be performed to identify potential protein pathways associated with early structural changes.The investigators hypothesize that protein expression will be altered in patients with prevalent echocardiographic abnormalities that indicate stage B heart failure.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Chronic Kidney Disease, stages G1-G4, AND  Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as determined by the 2009 CKD-EPI Cr equation ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m², if UACR ≥30 mg/g (≥3 mg/mmol) OR eGFR according to CKD-EPI 2009 Cr equation < 60 ml/min/1.73m², but > 15 ml/min/1.73m²  Diabetes mellitus type 2 OR  Pathological findings in oral glucose tolerance test (≥ 200 mg/dl (2h)) OR documented HbA1c ≥ 6.5 % OR Intake of any antidiabetic medication (in case of previously established diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus type 2) OR Fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl  Arterial Hypertension Grade ≥ 1 OR  Blood pressure of ≥ 140/90 mmHg, defined according to the 2018 ESC guidelines on arterial hypertension (Williams) OR Intake of antihypertensive drugs  Hypercholesterolemia OR  LDL-cholesterol > 130mg/dl OR Intake of a lipid-lowering medication initiated to treat dyslipoptroteinemia  Exclusion Criteria:  History of acute kidney injury > stage 1 according to KDIGO criteria in the two weeks prior to study visit  Chronic kidney disease Stage 5 (end-stage renal disease) Previous diagnosis of chronic heart failure Acute myocardial infarction in the past 30 days prior to study visit Stroke in the past 30 days prior to study visit Known congenital heart disease Previous diagnosis of a specific cardiomyopathy, infiltrative cardiac disease, pericardial constriction, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis and other storage diseases Implanted cardiac devices, such as pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization devices Implanted mechanical valve prosthesis Inability to give informed consent Lack of health insurance Organ transplanted Intake of immunosuppressive medication Major surgery in the 6 months before study visit, such as cardiac bypass surgery or valve replacement surgery (thoracotomy), major vascular surgery (such as replacement of aortic root, ascending part, aortic arch or any part of the abdominal aorta), major abdominal surgery (e.g. Whipple procedure, colorectal resection, gastrectomy and others) or limb amputation - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 18 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult - StudyPopulation: The study population will comprise 400 adult patients with chronic kidney disease, defined as elevated urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR > 30 mg/g or >3 mg/mmol) or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m²) at a one-time measurement.  In addition to renal function impairment, study participants will either have a background of cardiovascular risk factors, including arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypercholesterolemia. - SamplingMethod: Non-Probability Sample