Complications of High Frequency Jet Ventilation
High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) has been introduced in 1967 as technique allowing ventilation with simultaneous access to the airway for bronchoscopy. Continuous improvement in the technique has led to a large use during interventional bronchoscopy, especially in large centers. However, complications occuring during the use of HFJV are poorly known. In this retrospective cohort study, the charts of all patients who had a bronchoscopy with the use of HFJV between 2019 and 2023 in our hospital will be analyzed. Primary outcome will the description of all complications during HFJV. Complications are defined as:

Hypoxia: SpO2 < 90% for 1 min
Severe hypoxia: SpO2 < 85% for 1 min
Hemodynamic instability, defined as Arterial pressure < 90/60
Cardiac arrhythmia
Laryngospasm or bronchospasm
Barotrauma or volutrauma
Need for ICU admission

A model predicting the risk for developing any complication will be developped using 2 mathematical methods:

a multivariate analysis
a data mining approach

For both approaches, the following variables will be included in the model:

Age
Gender
Weight
Height
BMI
Smoking
Alcohol consumption
Consumption of Other drugs
ASA class
Obstructive pulmonary disease
Restrictive lung disease
COPD status (1, 2, 3, 4)
Interstitial lung disease

Lung tumor

Trachea location
Carina location
Bronchial location
Pulmonary or tracheal stenosis
Presence of stridor
Severe stenosis (< 6 mm)
Baseline SpO2 (pre-intervention)
Pre-intervention oxygen requirement Procedure
Duration (min)
Stent placement
Dilation
Laser treatment
Length of hospital stay Lung function tests
FEV1 (forced expiratory volume)
VC (Vital Capacity)
FEV1/VC (Tiffeneau ratio)
CPT (total lung capacity)
DLCO (carbon monoxide diffusion)
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  All patients who underwent a bronchoscopy with the use of high frequency jet ventilation between January 1st, 2019 and December 31st, 2023 at Erasme University Hospital, Brussels  Exclusion Criteria:  Incomplete medical chart Patient who expressed their opposition to the use of their medical data - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 18 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult - StudyPopulation: All patients who underwent a bronchoscopy with the use of high frequency jet ventilation - SamplingMethod: Non-Probability Sample