Multimarker Approach in Acute Chest Pain
Chest pain is one of the most common causes of access in the Emergency Room, and it can be a clinical manifestation of a broad spectrum of diseases including those 'time dependent' conditions such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Diagnosis or exclusion of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a daily challenge in the emergency department (ED), especially when classic clinical criteria and ECG alone are unable to make the diagnosis. The ED physician has the extremely delicate task of managing patients with chest pain and being able to frame them correctly; therefore, he needs to make differential diagnosis since chest pain can be caused by non-cardiac vascular events but also extra-cardiovascular events, such as pulmonary, neurological, osteoarticular, gastrointestinal and psychological. Recently, the importance of inflammatory processes and endothelial damage in cardiovascular disease has been highlighted, and consequently the focus has been on new markers, in a "multimarker" approach in which the strengths of each are combined together to provide an optimal solution to a clinical problem.

The data suggest how a future integration of these biomarkers in the routine approach to the patient with acute chest pain in the ED might allow a better patient stratification and proper management, allowing the clinician to make an early safe discharge or a timely admission for those who deserve in-depth diagnostic-therapeutic investigation.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Age ≥18 years; Patients who came to the emergency department with chest pain of presumable cardiac origin and uncertain etiologic diagnosis ECG not diagnostic for ischemia cTnI ultra within limits  Exclusion Criteria:  STEMI Sepsis and viral infections Patients with ECG abnormalities that make it uninterpretable for ischemic purposes Patients with previous coronary events History of heart failure Known diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, acute or chronic, including pericarditis, myocarditis Conditions involving increases in sST2 and suPAR unrelated to cardiac causes, especially acute/chronic inflammatory or fibrotic conditions (inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasms, moderate-to-severe pulmonary fibrosis, chronic hepatopathy; autoimmune diseases) - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 18 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult - StudyPopulation: All consecutive patients entering the emergency department with chest pain or other typical symptoms suspected of ACS will be included in the study if they are adults, not pregnant, and meet the predetermined inclusion criteria. Furthermore, patients who sign written informed consent to participate in the study and to the processing of personal data - SamplingMethod: Non-Probability Sample