Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the ADAP Shoulder Scale
Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal problem that increases disability and decreases quality of life in addition to socio-economic impact. Chronic pain is defined as pain lasting longer than 3 months. Chronic pain is a multidimensional and complex experience. According to this model, chronic pain is a multidimensional and complex experience. This experience may be accompanied by different pain beliefs, pain avoidance behaviours, pain-related fear of movement, anxiety and depression. Many conditions involving the shoulder complex including traumatic and non-traumatic pain, subacromial impingement, postoperative pain, rotator sheath tears, rotator sheath tendinopathy, shoulder arthritis, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder instabilities may lead to pain-related fear of movement.

Until now, pain-related fear and avoidance behaviours in patients with shoulder pain have been evaluated with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, Pain Avoidance Beliefs Scale and Fear of Pain Scale. However, only patients with low back pain were included in the development of these scales. There was no scale developed specifically for shoulder pain. To fill this gap in the literature, Ansanello et al. developed the "Avoidance Daily Activities Photo Scale for Patients With Shoulder Pain (ADAP)" scale to evaluate pain avoidance behaviours in individuals with shoulder pain. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the ADAP scale has not been studied.

The aim of our study was to perform cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Avoidance of Daily Activities Photo Scale for Patients with Shoulder Pain (ADAP Shoulder Scale).
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Patients with shoulder pain who have had pain for at least three months and who are between the ages of 18 and 64.  Exclusion Criteria:  Having rheumatological, neurological or musculoskeletal diseases, non-invasive interventions performed in the last 3 months, active infections, history of cancer, conditions requiring post-traumatic surgery. - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 18 Years - MaximumAge: 64 Years - StdAgeList: Adult - StudyPopulation: Patients with shoulder pain were included in the study. Patients with shoulder pain, pain for at least three months and aged between 18 and 64 years, and for the re-test only participants with unchanged health status were included in the study. Patients with rheumatological, neurological or musculoskeletal diseases, invasive intervention in the last 3 months, active infection, history of cancer, post-traumatic condition requiring surgery were excluded. - SamplingMethod: Probability Sample