Effect of PPV+ILM Peeling +/- Subretinal Injection of Ringer Lactate in Management of Nontractional Refractory DME
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined pars plana vitrectomy and planned foveal detachment through subretinal injection of ringer's solution in patients with non-tractional refractory diabetic macular edema.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Age: above 40 years old.  Patients with type two diabetes mellitus of more than 5 years duration. Patients with Best corrected visual acuity better than 3/60. Central macular thickness (CMT) of more than 250 μm despite undergoing six monthly injection of anti-VEGF therapy or corticosteroid or less than 10% reduction in CMT at the last follow up visit. No evidence of vitreomacular traction. Lens status: Pseudophakia or clear crystalline lens.  Exclusion Criteria:  Other causes of macular edema (intraocular inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, Irvin-gass syndrome, pharmacological).  Ischemic maculopathy by FFA. Presence of bad prognostic signs in OCT such as disorganization of inner retinal layers (DRIL) and extensive disruption of IS-OS junction subfoveally. Presence of apparent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy at or near the macula. Presence of proliferative diabetic fibrovascular membranes threatening or at the macula. Presence of diabetic optic atrophy or neuropathy. Presence of neovascular glaucoma. Cataractous lens either preoperatively or as intra or postoperative complication. Vitrectomized Eyes. A prior intraocular surgery within the past six-months. Lost follow up - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 40 Years - MaximumAge: 80 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult