The Effect of the Inclusion of Soybean Flour on Glycemic Responses
Foods that release glucose rapidly, leading to spikes in blood sugar and insulin (known as high glycemic index foods), generate lower satiety responses than foods with low glycemic index. High glycemic index foods are also linked to an increased risk of developing diabetes. The partial replacement of carbohydrates in rich staple foods with soy flour has the potential to reduce glycemic response and improve satiety.

In many regions of Latin America, as well as in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions, bread is the staple source of calories, but it is a relatively poor source of balanced nutrition. Bread enriched with soy flour could provide higher dietary protein while moderating blood glucose (and insulin) spikes, which can help reduce insulin resistance and metabolic diseases. The results of this study could provide government and private human nutritionists with the evidence they need to formulate soy flour into bread, corn tortillas, and arepas for schools and homes.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Male and female between 21-45 years of age All races/ethnicities Body mass Index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 and <40 kg/m2 (i.e., overweight and obesity, excluding severe obesity) Fat %: > 30% for female or > 20% for male  Exclusion Criteria:  Currently smokes or quit smoking nicotine cigarettes, vapes or E-cigarettes for less than 6 months ago Pregnant, breastfeeding, menopausal Hemoglobin: <11g/dl for female and <13g/dl for male Blood donation in the past 8 weeks Gluten intolerance (Gluten allergy, wheat allergy, celiac disease), Soy intolerance or allergy Presence of malabsorption syndrome History of bariatric surgery Presence of inflammatory intestinal disease, liver, or kidney disease Diabetes (fasting glucose level >126mg/dl or plasma glucose level 2h after glucose challenge >200 mg/dl) or taking medicines to treat diabetes Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) Untreated hypertension Taking any medication that might affect glucose metabolism or the results of our study History of cancer <5 years ago Abnormalities in the metabolic panel test (e.g., liver enzymes >2 times the upper limit). Seizures - HealthyVolunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 21 Years - MaximumAge: 45 Years - StdAgeList: Adult