Diagnostic Performance of CIM for Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients With Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
The goal of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the efficacy of current infection marker (CIM) method for H. pylori detection. The main questions it aims to answer are:

To evaluate the efficacy of CIM method for H. pylori detection compared to rapid urease test(RUT), histopathology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and urea breath test (UBT) in patients who presented with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from peptic ulcer, and their sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio.
To evaluate the advantages of CIM method for H. pylori detection comparing to RUT, histopathology, PCR, and UBT in patients who presented with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from peptic ulcer as net reclassification index (NRI).
To study the associated factors in false negative value of H. pylori detection methods with CIM, RUT, histopathology, PCR, and UBT.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Age ≥ 18 years Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy with diagnosis of peptic ulcer  Exclusion Criteria:  Inappropriate gastric mucosal biopsy conditions such as hemodynamic instability, coagulopathy or severe thrombocytopenia or massive bloody content in gastric cavity or duodenum Previous history of gastric surgery such as partial or total gastrectomy - HealthyVolunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 18 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult - StudyPopulation: Patients aged 18 years or older, who present with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy, receiving a diagnosis of peptic ulcer, will be recruited and enrolled. The exclusion criteria include patients with inappropriate gastric mucosal biopsy conditions, such as hemodynamic instability, coagulopathy, severe thrombocytopenia, or the presence of massive bloody content in the gastric cavity or duodenum. Additionally, individuals with a previous history of gastric surgery, such as partial or total gastrectomy, will be excluded. - SamplingMethod: Non-Probability Sample