Stellate Ganglion Block for Preserving Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients Undergoing Major Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of stellate ganglion blockade (SGB) for preserving arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients undergoing major lower limb orthopedic surgery.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Age 21 to 75 years. Both sexes. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III. Chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Undergoing major lower limb orthopedic surgery.  Exclusion Criteria:  Psychiatric disorders. History of substance abuse. Ipsilateral brachial and radial artery stenosis. Allergy to local anesthetics. Cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Coagulopathy. Use of vasoactive medications. Obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2). Smoking. - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 21 Years - MaximumAge: 75 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult