The Effect of Heart Sound and White Noise on Pain and Physiological Parameters During Hepatitis B Vaccine Injection
It can cause physiological and behavioral changes in infants such as pain, tachycardia, hypoxemia, increased blood pressure, grimacing, prolonged crying, and irritability. Vaccination is an important part of neonatal nursing care. Newborns express their pain nonverbally and behaviorally. Therefore, any pain assessment is based on the ability of others to recognize pain symptoms. This randomized controlled trial was planned to evaluate the effect of heart sound and white noise on pain and physiological parameters during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine in newborns. This randomized controlled study used parallel trial design.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Gestational age of 38-41 weeks, Newborn birth weight >2500 g Stable vital signs before the procedure, Postanatal age between 2-28 days, No contraindications to the administration of hepatitis B vaccine Delivery of the newborn to the mother after birth Consent of the parents of the newborn to participate in the study Fasting less than 3 hours/30 minutes before feeding A valid score on the newborn hearing screening test Newborn not crying before vaccination  Exclusion Criteria:  Newborn babies requiring respiratory support, Newborns with any neurological disorder (seizures) Newborns taking opiates or born to mothers taking opiates Newborns receiving muscle relaxants, sedatives, analgesics Babies with major congenital anomalies Neonates with an APGAR score of less than 7 at 5 minutes Neonates who have undergone surgery Newborns with birth trauma (especially rapid delivery) Conditions that may prevent communication with parents (e.g. speech problem) Hearing impairment Newborns who will be transferred to another hospital - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 2 Days - MaximumAge: 28 Days - StdAgeList: Child