Adding Dexmedetomidine or Tramadol to Paracetamol- An Effort to Attenuate Catheter Related Bladder Discomfort
The insertion of a urinary catheter in a patient undergoing a surgical procedure, especially urinary interventions, may lead to catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) with varying degrees of severity during the postoperative period. Paracetamol is a drug with proven efficacy for the management of mild and moderate postoperative pain. Tramadol is a centrally acting, synthetic opioid analgesic with weak opioid agonist properties. It inhibits the detrusor activity by inhibition of type-1 muscarinic (M1) and type-3 muscarinic (M3) receptors. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, with analgesic, sedative, anxiolysis, sympatholytic, and sedative properties, is a very useful associated agent for general anesthesia.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Age from 20 - 50 years ASA (The American Society of Anesthesiologists) I or II, undergo percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients with history of psychotic illnesses Opioid users Bladder obstruction, Benign prostatic hyperplasia Overactive bladder (OAB) defined as frequency _3 times at night or _8 times within 24 hours. - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: Male - MinimumAge: 20 Years - MaximumAge: 50 Years - StdAgeList: Adult