Clean Catch Urine Feasibility and Contamination Rate Compared to Bladder Catheterization Urine in Pre-Continent Children
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common source of infection in children, accounting for a significant proportion of visits every year. Diagnosing UTIs requires obtaining a urine specimen, which can be collected using four methods: invasive techniques, such as suprapubic aspiration and urethral bladder catheterization, and noninvasive techniques, such as sterile bag and clean catch. However, catheterization can be a painful and invasive procedure, particularly in young infants who are less cooperative, and sometimes tends to be rejected by parents.

Given the availability of alternative methods with comparable contamination rates, we aim to investigate the feasibility and contamination rate of clean catch urine compared to bladder catheterization, as well as secondary outcomes such as pain scores, parental satisfaction, and time required to collect urine for each technique.

Methods: To achieve this, we will conduct a randomized control trial in precontinent pediatric patients. A pilot study with 40 samples in each arm will be conducted since there is no prior information about contamination rates in our setting. A well-designed and labeled data collection sheets will be used for data collection, and the data will be entered using EPI-data software. Statistical analysis will be performed using IBM SPSS statistics.

Aim: The main aim of this study is to introduce clean catch urine (bladder massage technique) to our setting, and to compare its feasibility with the bladder catheterization which is the standard practice.

Patient Population: young infants from 0 to 6 months of age

Intervention: There will be two groups:

Group A (Experimental group):Urine samples will be collected using the clean catch urine method (bladder massage technique).
Group B (Control group): Urine samples will be collected using the standard bladder catheterization method.

Clinical Measurement: All collected urine samples will be labeled and sent to the laboratory. All results will be retrieved from the medical records. Direct measurement will be for the duration of the procedures in both experiment and control group (stopwatch will be used). Pain score (Neonatal Infant Pain Scale) and parental satisfaction survey will be filled at the time of the procedure.

Outcome: Contamination rate and feasibility of both urine sampling techniques
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Hemodynamically stable infants. Require urine collection as part of their work-up in the emergency department. Age 0 to 6 months.  Exclusion Criteria:  Parental refusal. Unstable hemodynamically young infants. - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 1 Day - MaximumAge: 6 Months - StdAgeList: Child