Evaluation of Medication Management Service
Medication management services (MMS) is a pharmacist-led service of optimizing the medication use and health outcomes, by promoting medication safety and enhancing the ability in self-management of health and diseases of patients and their caregivers. Yet, only limited evidence on the implementation of MMS service in Hong Kong is available. The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the cost effectiveness and effects of implementing MMS in community pharmacies owned by 8 non-government organizations (NGOs) in Hong Kong on humanistic and clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension and/or type II diabetes mellitus. The clinical trial aims to look into the following aspects:

To evaluate the perception and satisfaction of patients on MMS service
To investigate whether MMS could improve patients' adherence to their medication regimen, health-related quality of life, health outcomes and health service utilization, as well as their ability to understand and cope with their illness and drug-related problems
To identify and categorize the types of drug-related problems identified during MMS
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of implementing MMS in community pharmacies

MMS services will be rolled out in a total of 8 NGO community pharmacies progressively (2 pharmacies per phase) in 4 successive phases. Participants will complete the questionnaires at the following time points throughout the trial, namely 1) during recruitment, 2) baseline (1 month before MMS), 3) 3 months after MMS begins, 4) 12 months after MMS begins, and 5) 24 months after MMS begins. Researchers will compare the results of questionnaires conducted at different time points to identify the potential changes in the effects of MMS. Furthermore, researchers will link up the electronic health records of the participants and identify the potential changes in the health outcomes and health service utilizations after receiving MMS.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  aged 18 years or above diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension having regular follow-up on Type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension at Hospital Authority no A&E admission/hospitalization in the past 3 months no recent changes in medication regimen in the past 3 months polypharmacy (taking 5 or more chronic medications) using at least 1 high-risk medication (Anticoagulants, Oral hypoglycaemics, Insulins, psychotropic medications or immunosuppressants) able to communicate in Cantonese and/or English  Exclusion Criteria:  aged below 18 unable to give informed consent unable to communicate in Cantonese and/or English - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 18 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult