The Surface EMG Biofeedback as an Alternative Therapy to Reduce Chronic Low Back Pain
The prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) among the Pakistani population is reported to be as high as 78% leading towards different physiological and psychosocial alterations with the worst cases suffering from disabilities. CLBP is a multifactorial phenomenon in which age, gender, comorbidities, lifestyle conditions, profession, working hours, and different stressors play their roles in its causation. However, different therapeutic techniques have been determined to reduce CLBP. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the biofeedback surface EMG (sEMG) technique in reducing chronic low back pain among sufferers in the long run.
- EligibilityCriteria: Inclusion Criteria:  Individuals who constantly experience low back pain for the last three months. Individuals who seek care from healthcare provider due to low back pain Individuals with average pain intensity, were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) over the past week ≥ 2 on a 0-10 scale. Individuals with an average Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score ≥ 4. Individuals with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score ≥ 20.  Exclusion Criteria:  Age below or above 25 and 75 years, respectively. Females who are pregnant, lactating, or that they anticipate becoming pregnant in the next 3-6 months will be excluded. Individuals having any diagnosed chronic disease. Individuals having any diagnosed neurological disorder including Alzheimer's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's, Stroke Individuals having any diagnosed motor disorder or had pathologic fractures of the spine, avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis, severe osteoarthritis. Including a history of spine surgery or a hip arthroplasty Individuals with an active cancer Blind individuals Individuals having a body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2 Individuals with clinical depression, that is having a score of 24 or higher on the Center for Epidemiology Depression Scale. Individuals who have used narcotics or muscle relaxants within 30 days before study enrollment. - HealthyVolunteers: No - Gender: All - MinimumAge: 25 Years - MaximumAge: 75 Years - StdAgeList: Adult, Older Adult