Take this article and make it into a brief series of questions and answers. Don't use a bullet point list.

Scoliosis
What is Scoliosis?
Everyone's spine has subtle natural curves. But some people have different curves, side-to-side spinal curves that also twist the spine. This condition is called "scoliosis". On an x-ray with a front or rear view of the body, the spine of a person with scoliosis looks more like an "S" or a "C" than a straight line. These curves can make a person's shoulders or waist appear uneven. These curves can't be corrected simply by learning to stand up straight. You can't cause scoliosis; it does not come from carrying heavy backpacks, participating vigorously in sports, or poor posture.

Types of Adult Scoliosis
In addition to the two types of adult scoliosis discussed in this section—Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis and Adult Degenerative Scoliosis—types of scoliosis that develops early in life or that results from a separate syndrome also effect adults.

Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis
Adult idiopathic scoliosis is, in essence, a continuation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Sometimes a spine curvature of an idiopathic (cause not known) nature that began during teenage years may progress during adult life. Curves may increase in size 0.5° to 2° per year. Adolescent curves less than 30° are unlikely to progress significantly into adulthood, while those over 50° are likely to get bigger, which is why adult scoliosis specialists should monitor the curves over time.

Locations
Occurs in the thoracic (upper) and lumbar (lower) spine, with the same basic appearance as that in teenagers, such as shoulder asymmetry, a rib hump, or a prominence of the lower back on the side of the curvature. Curves can worsen in the older patient due to disc degeneration and/or sagittal imbalance. Additionally, arthritis commonly affects joints of the spine and leads to the formation of bone spurs.

Symptoms
Adults with idiopathic scoliosis have more symptoms than teens because of degeneration in discs and joints leading to narrowing of the openings for the spinal sac and nerves (spinal stenosis). Some patients may lean forward to try and open up space for their nerves. Others may lean forward because of loss of their natural curve (lordosis, sway back) in their lumbar spine (low back). The imbalance causes the patients to compensate by bending their hips and knees to try and maintain an upright posture. Adult patients may have a variety of symptoms, which can lead to gradual loss of function:

Low back pain and stiffness are the 2 most common symptoms
Numbness, cramping, and shooting pain in the legs due to pinched nerves
Fatigue results from strain on the muscles of the lower back and legs
Imaging Evaluation
Scoliosis defined with radiographs that can include the following:

Standing x-ray of the entire spine looking both from the back as well as from the side so your physician can measure the radiographs to determine curve magnitude, measured in degrees using the Cobb method.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the spine is rarely used for patients experiencing minimal symptoms with adult idiopathic scoliosis. An MRI is usually ordered if you have leg pain, your physician finds some subtle neurologic abnormalities on physical examination, or if you have significant pain or an "atypical" curve pattern.

Treatment Options
Nonoperative treatment
The majority of adults with idiopathic scoliosis do not have disabling symptoms and can be managed with simple measures including the following:

Periodic observation
Over-the-counter pain relievers
Exercises aimed at strengthening the core muscles of the abdomen and back and improving flexibility
Braces, in short-term use for pain relief (long-term use in adults is discouraged because braces can weaken the core muscles)
Epidurals or nerve block injections for temporary relief if the patient has persistent leg pain and other symptoms due to arthritis and pinched nerves. Patients should track their response to the various injections to help define their pain generators.
Stronger pain medications can also be habit-forming and must be used with caution. If narcotics are needed to control the pain, see a scoliosis surgeon to learn more about the possible causes of pain.

Operative treatment
Surgical treatment is reserved for patients who have:

Failed all reasonable conservative (non-operative) measures.
Disabling back and/or leg pain and spinal imbalance.
Severely restricted functional activities and substantially reduced overall quality of life.
The goals of surgery are to restore spinal balance and reduce pain and discomfort by relieving nerve pressure (decompression) and maintaining corrected alignment by fusing and stabilizing the spinal segments. When patients are carefully chosen and mentally well-prepared for surgery, excellent functional outcomes can be achieved which can provide positive life-changing experience for a given individual patient. When larger surgeries—those greater than 8 hours—are necessary, surgery may be divided into 2 surgeries 5 to 7 days apart. Surgical procedures include:

Microdecompression relieves pressure on the nerves; A small incision is made and magnification loupes or a microscopic assists the surgeon in guiding tools to the operation site. This type of procedure is typically used only at one vertebra level, and carries a risk of causing the curve to worsen, especially in larger curves >30 degrees.
Surgical stabilization involves anchoring hooks, wires or screws to the spinal segments and using metal rods to link the anchors together. They stabilize the spine and allow the spine to fuse in the corrected position.
Fusion uses the patient's own bone or using cadaver or synthetic bone substitutes to "fix" the spine into a straighter position
Osteotomy is a procedure in which spinal segments are cut and realigned
Vertebral column resection removes entire vertebral sections prior to realigning the spine and is used when an osteotomy and other operative measures cannot correct the scoliosis.
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scoliosis kya he?ridh main sookshm ghatata saamaanya hai.jab alag-alag ghatata maujuud hote hai, jaise said-tu-said vakr bhi jo ridh ko bhi modate hai, to yah scoliosis naamak sthiti he.

vayask scoliosis ke prakaar kya hai?vayask ideopathic scoliosis or vayask apakshayi scoliosis.uttararddh jivan main baad main viksit hota he or pehle vaale ko aamtaur par jivan main shuruaati hota he.ye scoliosis ke do alag -alag syndrome hai.

scoliosis ke sthaan kahaan hai?scoliosis kai sthanon par hota he.inamen thorasik, upree ridh, kaath or nichali ridh shaamil hai.ve kandhe kii vishmata, ek rib kubad, yaa ek pramukhataa ke rup main dikhaai dete hai jahaan vakrata ke saamne peeth ke nichle hisse main sthit he.

puraane rogiyon main vakron ko bigadane kaa kya kaaran he?discs ad: patan or/yaa dhanu asantulan, gathiya jo ridh ke jodon ko prabhavit karata he.yah haddi ke spers ke gathan kii ore jaataa he.

vayask ideopathic scoliosis ke lakshan kya hai?discs or jodon ke ad: patan ke kaaran vayaskon main kishor kii tulana main adhik lakshan hote hai.is vajah se, spinal thili or nason ke liye udghaatan kii ek sankeernata he jise spinal stenosis kaha jaataa he.ise kam karne ke liye kuch rogi apni nason ke liye jagah kholane ke prayaas main aage jhuk sakate hai.yaa ve manushya apane kaath kii ridh main prakritik vakr ke nuksaan ke kaaran aage jhukate hai jo peeth ke nichle hisse main he.is asantulan ke parinamswaroop, marij apane kulhon or ghutanon ko jhukkar kshatipurti karte hai, jo ek eemaandaar sthiti ko pakadaney kii koshish kar rahe hai.in lakshanon se function kaa kramik nuksaan ho saktaa he.peeth ke nichle hisse main dard.peeth kii kathorta.sunnata, pairon main dard kii shooting, yaa anthan.thakaan ke parinamswaroop, peeth ke nichle hisse or pairon kii mansapeshiyon par tanaav ke kaaran.

kis tarah ke imaging moolyankan kaa upyog kiya jaataa he?ek standing eks-re puri ridh ko peeche or taraf se dekhtaa he.yah chikitsak ko kob vidhi kaa upyog karke vakr pariman ko nirdhaarit karne kii anumati detaa he.ek anya prakaar kii imaging ek emarai (chumbakeey anunaad imaging) he.iskaa upyog shaayad hi kabhi kiya jaataa he jab tak ki rogi ko ideopathic scoliosis ke nunatam lakshan se adhik na ho.yadi rogi ko pair main dard yaa sookshm neurologic asaamanyataayen ho rahi hai, to shaareerik pariksha ke dauraan dekhi gai yaa yadi rogi ko mahatvapurn dard kii shikaayat he yaa ek atipical vakr pattern he.

nonoparative upachaar vikalp kya hai?aavadhik avlokan, over-da-counter dard nivarak, peeth or pet kii mukhya mansapeshiyon ko majboot karne ke saath-saath lacheelepan ke liye streacing karne ke liye vyaayaam karata he.bracis ek or vikalp he, lekin keval alpakaalik dard se raahat ke liye.dirghakaalik upyog kii sifarish nahin kii jaati he kyonki yah mansapeshiyon ko kamjor karata he.pair ke dard se asthaayee raahat or chutki nason yaa gathiya ke anya lakshanon ke liye epidural yaa tantrika block injection.nashile padaarthon kii aadi hai or keval dard ke sambhavit kaarnon ko ingit karne ke liye ek scoliosis sarjan ko dekhne ke baad upyog kiya janaa chahie.

oparative upachaar kya hai?oparative upachaar keval un rogiyon ke liye anushansit hote hai jinhone nonoparative upachaaron kaa upyog karke sudhaar nahin dekha he yaa back yaa pair main dard or ridh kii haddi ke asantulan ko aksham kiya he.ek or kaaran jivan kii ek bahut kam samgr gunvattta hogi.yahaan prakriyaayein, microdecompresssont, sargical stabiligeshan, fusion, osteotomi or kasheruk stambh sneh hai.
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scoliosis kya he?ridh main sookshm ghatata saamaanya hai.jab alag-alag ghatata maujuud hote hai, jaise said-tu-said vakr bhi jo ridh ko bhi modate hai, to yah scoliosis naamak sthiti he.

vayask scoliosis ke prakaar kya hai?vayask ideopathic scoliosis or vayask apakshayi scoliosis.uttararddh jivan main baad main viksit hota he or pehle vaale ko aamtaur par jivan main shuruaati hota he.ye scoliosis ke do alag -alag syndrome hai.

scoliosis ke sthaan kahaan hai?scoliosis kai sthanon par hota he.inamen thorasik, upree ridh, kaath or nichali ridh shaamil hai.ve kandhe kii vishmata, ek rib kubad, yaa ek pramukhataa ke rup main dikhaai dete hai jahaan vakrata ke saamne peeth ke nichle hisse main sthit he.

puraane rogiyon main vakron ko bigadane kaa kya kaaran he?discs ad: patan or/yaa dhanu asantulan, gathiya jo ridh ke jodon ko prabhavit karata he.yah haddi ke spers ke gathan kii ore jaataa he.

vayask ideopathic scoliosis ke lakshan kya hai?discs or jodon ke ad: patan ke kaaran vayaskon main kishor kii tulana main adhik lakshan hote hai.is vajah se, spinal thili or nason ke liye udghaatan kii ek sankeernata he jise spinal stenosis kaha jaataa he.ise kam karne ke liye kuch rogi apni nason ke liye jagah kholane ke prayaas main aage jhuk sakate hai.yaa ve manushya apane kaath kii ridh main prakritik vakr ke nuksaan ke kaaran aage jhukate hai jo peeth ke nichle hisse main he.is asantulan ke parinamswaroop, marij apane kulhon or ghutanon ko jhukkar kshatipurti karte hai, jo ek eemaandaar sthiti ko pakadaney kii koshish kar rahe hai.in lakshanon se function kaa kramik nuksaan ho saktaa he.peeth ke nichle hisse main dard.peeth kii kathorta.sunnata, pairon main dard kii shooting, yaa anthan.thakaan ke parinamswaroop, peeth ke nichle hisse or pairon kii mansapeshiyon par tanaav ke kaaran.

kis tarah ke imaging moolyankan kaa upyog kiya jaataa he?ek standing eks-re puri ridh ko peeche or taraf se dekhtaa he.yah chikitsak ko kob vidhi kaa upyog karke vakr pariman ko nirdhaarit karne kii anumati detaa he.ek anya prakaar kii imaging ek emarai (chumbakeey anunaad imaging) he.iskaa upyog shaayad hi kabhi kiya jaataa he jab tak ki rogi ko ideopathic scoliosis ke nunatam lakshan se adhik na ho.yadi rogi ko pair main dard yaa sookshm neurologic asaamanyataayen ho rahi hai, to shaareerik pariksha ke dauraan dekhi gai yaa yadi rogi ko mahatvapurn dard kii shikaayat he yaa ek atipical vakr pattern he.

nonoparative upachaar vikalp kya hai?aavadhik avlokan, over-da-counter dard nivarak, peeth or pet kii mukhya mansapeshiyon ko majboot karne ke saath-saath lacheelepan ke liye streacing karne ke liye vyaayaam karata he.bracis ek or vikalp he, lekin keval alpakaalik dard se raahat ke liye.dirghakaalik upyog kii sifarish nahin kii jaati he kyonki yah mansapeshiyon ko kamjor karata he.pair ke dard se asthaayee raahat or chutki nason yaa gathiya ke anya lakshanon ke liye epidural yaa tantrika block injection.nashile padaarthon kii aadi hai or keval dard ke sambhavit kaarnon ko ingit karne ke liye ek scoliosis sarjan ko dekhne ke baad upyog kiya janaa chahie.

oparative upachaar kya hai?oparative upachaar keval un rogiyon ke liye anushansit hote hai jinhone nonoparative upachaaron kaa upyog karke sudhaar nahin dekha he yaa back yaa pair main dard or ridh kii haddi ke asantulan ko aksham kiya he.ek or kaaran jivan kii ek bahut kam samgr gunvattta hogi.yahaan prakriyaayein, microdecompresssont, sargical stabiligeshan, fusion, osteotomi or kasheruk stambh sneh hai.</s>
