Using this information, write a list of important facts and information:

Bonds are commonly referred to as fixed-income securities and are one of the main asset classes that individual investors are usually familiar with, along with stocks (equities) and cash equivalents.

When companies or other entities need to raise money to finance new projects, maintain ongoing operations, or refinance existing debts, they may issue bonds directly to investors. The borrower (issuer) issues a bond that includes the terms of the loan, interest payments that will be made, and the time at which the loaned funds (bond principal) must be paid back (maturity date). The interest payment (the coupon) is part of the return that bondholders earn for loaning their funds to the issuer. The interest rate that determines the payment is called the coupon rate.

The initial price of most bonds is typically set at at par, or $1,000 face value per individual bond. The actual market price of a bond depends on a number of factors: the credit quality of the issuer, the length of time until expiration, and the coupon rate compared to the general interest rate environment at the time. The face value of the bond is what will be paid back to the lender once the bond matures.

Most bonds can be sold by the initial bondholder to other investors after they have been issued. In other words, a bond investor does not have to hold a bond all the way through to its maturity date. It is also common for bonds to be repurchased by the borrower if interest rates decline, or if the borrower’s credit has improved, and it can reissue new bonds at a lower cost.

Bonds are commonly referred to as fixed-income securities and are one of the main asset classes that individual investors are usually familiar with, along with stocks (equities) and cash equivalents.

When companies or other entities need to raise money to finance new projects, maintain ongoing operations, or refinance existing debts, they may issue bonds directly to investors. The borrower (issuer) issues a bond that includes the terms of the loan, interest payments that will be made, and the time at which the loaned funds (bond principal) must be paid back (maturity date). The interest payment (the coupon) is part of the return that bondholders earn for loaning their funds to the issuer. The interest rate that determines the payment is called the coupon rate.

The initial price of most bonds is typically set at at par, or $1,000 face value per individual bond. The actual market price of a bond depends on a number of factors: the credit quality of the issuer, the length of time until expiration, and the coupon rate compared to the general interest rate environment at the time. The face value of the bond is what will be paid back to the lender once the bond matures.

Most bonds can be sold by the initial bondholder to other investors after they have been issued. In other words, a bond investor does not have to hold a bond all the way through to its maturity date. It is also common for bonds to be repurchased by the borrower if interest rates decline, or if the borrower’s credit has improved, and it can reissue new bonds at a lower cost.
system
is jaankaree kaa upyog karte hue, mahatvapurn tathyon or jaankaree kii ek suchi likhen:

bond ko aamtaur par nishchit aay vaale pratibhutiyon ke rup main sanderbhit kiya jaataa he or mukhya parisampatti virgon main se ek he jo vyaktigat niveshak aamtaur par stock (equity) or nakad samakakshon ke saath parichit hote hai.

jab companiyon yaa anya sansthaaon ko nai pariyojnaon ko vitt karne, chal rahe sanchaalan ko banaae rakhane yaa maujuuda rinon ko punarvitt karne ke liye dhan jutaney kii aavashyaktaa hoti he, to ve sidhe niveshkon ko band jari kar sakate hai.udhaarkarta (jarikarta) ek bond jari karata he jisamen rin kii sharten, byaaj bhugtan shaamil hai, or jis samay rinit dhan (bond principal) ko waapas bhugtan kiya janaa chahie (paripakvata tithi).byaaj bhugtan (coupon) ritern kaa hissaa he jo bondholders jarikarta ko apane dhanrashi ko rin dene ke liye kamaate hai.bhugtan ko nirdhaarit karne vaali byaaj dar ko coupon dar kaha jaataa he.

adhikansh bond kii praarambhik keemat aamtaur par baraabar par set kii jaati he, yaa vyaktigat bond main $ 1,000 ankit mulya.ek bond kaa vaastavik bazaar mulya kai karkon par nirbhar karata he: jarikarta kii credit gunvattta, samaapti tak samay kii lambaai, or us samay saamaanya byaaj dar vaataavaran kii tulana main coupon dar.band kaa ankit mulya vah he jo band paripakv hone ke baad rindaata ko waapas bhugtan kiya jayega.

adhikansh bond ko jari kiye jane ke baad anya niveshkon ko praarambhik bondholder dwaara bechaa ja saktaa he.duusare shabdon main, ek bond niveshak ko apni paripakvata tithi ke madhyam se sabhi tarah se ek bond rakhane kii aavashyaktaa nahin he.yadi byaaj daron main giravat aati he, yaa yadi udhaarkarta ke credit main sudhaar hua he, or yah kam laagat par nae bond ko phir se jari kar saktaa he, to baandon ke liye baandon ko punarkhrid karnaa bhi aam he.

bond ko aamtaur par nishchit aay vaale pratibhutiyon ke rup main sanderbhit kiya jaataa he or mukhya parisampatti virgon main se ek he jo vyaktigat niveshak aamtaur par stock (equity) or nakad samakakshon ke saath parichit hote hai.

jab companiyon yaa anya sansthaaon ko nai pariyojnaon ko vitt karne, chal rahe sanchaalan ko banaae rakhane yaa maujuuda rinon ko punarvitt karne ke liye dhan jutaney kii aavashyaktaa hoti he, to ve sidhe niveshkon ko band jari kar sakate hai.udhaarkarta (jarikarta) ek bond jari karata he jisamen rin kii sharten, byaaj bhugtan shaamil hai, or jis samay rinit dhan (bond principal) ko waapas bhugtan kiya janaa chahie (paripakvata tithi).byaaj bhugtan (coupon) ritern kaa hissaa he jo bondholders jarikarta ko apane dhanrashi ko rin dene ke liye kamaate hai.bhugtan ko nirdhaarit karne vaali byaaj dar ko coupon dar kaha jaataa he.

adhikansh bond kii praarambhik keemat aamtaur par baraabar par set kii jaati he, yaa vyaktigat bond main $ 1,000 ankit mulya.ek bond kaa vaastavik bazaar mulya kai karkon par nirbhar karata he: jarikarta kii credit gunvattta, samaapti tak samay kii lambaai, or us samay saamaanya byaaj dar vaataavaran kii tulana main coupon dar.band kaa ankit mulya vah he jo band paripakv hone ke baad rindaata ko waapas bhugtan kiya jayega.

adhikansh bond ko jari kiye jane ke baad anya niveshkon ko praarambhik bondholder dwaara bechaa ja saktaa he.duusare shabdon main, ek bond niveshak ko apni paripakvata tithi ke madhyam se sabhi tarah se ek bond rakhane kii aavashyaktaa nahin he.yadi byaaj daron main giravat aati he, yaa yadi udhaarkarta ke credit main sudhaar hua he, or yah kam laagat par nae bond ko phir se jari kar saktaa he, to baandon ke liye baandon ko punarkhrid karnaa bhi aam he.
user
• sheyaron or nakad samakakshon ke alaava, bond, jise phixd-inakam securities ke rup main bhi janaa jaataa he, niveshkon ke liye saamaanya or ek mukhya parisampatti varg hai.
• band sidhe niveshkon ko jari kiye jate hai jab kisi company yaa sanstha ko sanchaalan, nai pariyojnaon, yaa punarvitt ke liye maujuuda rin ke liye nakad jutaney kii aavashyaktaa hoti he.
• udhaarkarta dwaara jari kiye gaye bond main rin kii sharten, byaaj bhugtan, or vah taarikh shaamil he jab rinit dhan kaa bhugtan kiya janaa chahie, jise paripakvata tithi ke rup main janaa jaataa he.
• niveshak rin ke liye byaaj bhugtan, yaa coupon ke madhyam se aay arjeet karte hai, jo byaaj dar ke aadhaar par bhinn hota he.
• bond main aamtaur par ek praarambhik mulya set hota he yaa vyaktigat bond prati 1,000 dollar kaa mulya hota he.
• stock ke samaan, bond main ek bazaar bhi hota he jahaan adhikansh ko kharida yaa bechaa ja saktaa he, na ki praarambhik niveshak ko paripakvata ke madhyam se bond rakhane kii aavashyaktaa nahin hoti he.
• ek bond kaa bazaar mulya kai karkon par nirbhar karata he, jaise ki jarikarta kii credit gunvattta, bond samaapt hone tak shesh samay kii lambaai, or us samay saamaanya byaaj daron kii tulana main bond kii byaaj dar.
• jarikarta aamtaur par un paridrishyon main baandon ko punarkhrid karte hai jahaan byaaj daron main giravat yaa jarikarta ke credit main sudhaar hua he, jisase nae band kam laagat par jari kiye jane kii anumati dete hai.
assistant
<|system|>
</s>
<|user|>
is jaankaree kaa upyog karte hue, mahatvapurn tathyon or jaankaree kii ek suchi likhen:

bond ko aamtaur par nishchit aay vaale pratibhutiyon ke rup main sanderbhit kiya jaataa he or mukhya parisampatti virgon main se ek he jo vyaktigat niveshak aamtaur par stock (equity) or nakad samakakshon ke saath parichit hote hai.

jab companiyon yaa anya sansthaaon ko nai pariyojnaon ko vitt karne, chal rahe sanchaalan ko banaae rakhane yaa maujuuda rinon ko punarvitt karne ke liye dhan jutaney kii aavashyaktaa hoti he, to ve sidhe niveshkon ko band jari kar sakate hai.udhaarkarta (jarikarta) ek bond jari karata he jisamen rin kii sharten, byaaj bhugtan shaamil hai, or jis samay rinit dhan (bond principal) ko waapas bhugtan kiya janaa chahie (paripakvata tithi).byaaj bhugtan (coupon) ritern kaa hissaa he jo bondholders jarikarta ko apane dhanrashi ko rin dene ke liye kamaate hai.bhugtan ko nirdhaarit karne vaali byaaj dar ko coupon dar kaha jaataa he.

adhikansh bond kii praarambhik keemat aamtaur par baraabar par set kii jaati he, yaa vyaktigat bond main $ 1,000 ankit mulya.ek bond kaa vaastavik bazaar mulya kai karkon par nirbhar karata he: jarikarta kii credit gunvattta, samaapti tak samay kii lambaai, or us samay saamaanya byaaj dar vaataavaran kii tulana main coupon dar.band kaa ankit mulya vah he jo band paripakv hone ke baad rindaata ko waapas bhugtan kiya jayega.

adhikansh bond ko jari kiye jane ke baad anya niveshkon ko praarambhik bondholder dwaara bechaa ja saktaa he.duusare shabdon main, ek bond niveshak ko apni paripakvata tithi ke madhyam se sabhi tarah se ek bond rakhane kii aavashyaktaa nahin he.yadi byaaj daron main giravat aati he, yaa yadi udhaarkarta ke credit main sudhaar hua he, or yah kam laagat par nae bond ko phir se jari kar saktaa he, to baandon ke liye baandon ko punarkhrid karnaa bhi aam he.

bond ko aamtaur par nishchit aay vaale pratibhutiyon ke rup main sanderbhit kiya jaataa he or mukhya parisampatti virgon main se ek he jo vyaktigat niveshak aamtaur par stock (equity) or nakad samakakshon ke saath parichit hote hai.

jab companiyon yaa anya sansthaaon ko nai pariyojnaon ko vitt karne, chal rahe sanchaalan ko banaae rakhane yaa maujuuda rinon ko punarvitt karne ke liye dhan jutaney kii aavashyaktaa hoti he, to ve sidhe niveshkon ko band jari kar sakate hai.udhaarkarta (jarikarta) ek bond jari karata he jisamen rin kii sharten, byaaj bhugtan shaamil hai, or jis samay rinit dhan (bond principal) ko waapas bhugtan kiya janaa chahie (paripakvata tithi).byaaj bhugtan (coupon) ritern kaa hissaa he jo bondholders jarikarta ko apane dhanrashi ko rin dene ke liye kamaate hai.bhugtan ko nirdhaarit karne vaali byaaj dar ko coupon dar kaha jaataa he.

adhikansh bond kii praarambhik keemat aamtaur par baraabar par set kii jaati he, yaa vyaktigat bond main $ 1,000 ankit mulya.ek bond kaa vaastavik bazaar mulya kai karkon par nirbhar karata he: jarikarta kii credit gunvattta, samaapti tak samay kii lambaai, or us samay saamaanya byaaj dar vaataavaran kii tulana main coupon dar.band kaa ankit mulya vah he jo band paripakv hone ke baad rindaata ko waapas bhugtan kiya jayega.

adhikansh bond ko jari kiye jane ke baad anya niveshkon ko praarambhik bondholder dwaara bechaa ja saktaa he.duusare shabdon main, ek bond niveshak ko apni paripakvata tithi ke madhyam se sabhi tarah se ek bond rakhane kii aavashyaktaa nahin he.yadi byaaj daron main giravat aati he, yaa yadi udhaarkarta ke credit main sudhaar hua he, or yah kam laagat par nae bond ko phir se jari kar saktaa he, to baandon ke liye baandon ko punarkhrid karnaa bhi aam he.</s>
<|assistant|>
• sheyaron or nakad samakakshon ke alaava, bond, jise phixd-inakam securities ke rup main bhi janaa jaataa he, niveshkon ke liye saamaanya or ek mukhya parisampatti varg hai.
• band sidhe niveshkon ko jari kiye jate hai jab kisi company yaa sanstha ko sanchaalan, nai pariyojnaon, yaa punarvitt ke liye maujuuda rin ke liye nakad jutaney kii aavashyaktaa hoti he.
• udhaarkarta dwaara jari kiye gaye bond main rin kii sharten, byaaj bhugtan, or vah taarikh shaamil he jab rinit dhan kaa bhugtan kiya janaa chahie, jise paripakvata tithi ke rup main janaa jaataa he.
• niveshak rin ke liye byaaj bhugtan, yaa coupon ke madhyam se aay arjeet karte hai, jo byaaj dar ke aadhaar par bhinn hota he.
• bond main aamtaur par ek praarambhik mulya set hota he yaa vyaktigat bond prati 1,000 dollar kaa mulya hota he.
• stock ke samaan, bond main ek bazaar bhi hota he jahaan adhikansh ko kharida yaa bechaa ja saktaa he, na ki praarambhik niveshak ko paripakvata ke madhyam se bond rakhane kii aavashyaktaa nahin hoti he.
• ek bond kaa bazaar mulya kai karkon par nirbhar karata he, jaise ki jarikarta kii credit gunvattta, bond samaapt hone tak shesh samay kii lambaai, or us samay saamaanya byaaj daron kii tulana main bond kii byaaj dar.
• jarikarta aamtaur par un paridrishyon main baandon ko punarkhrid karte hai jahaan byaaj daron main giravat yaa jarikarta ke credit main sudhaar hua he, jisase nae band kam laagat par jari kiye jane kii anumati dete hai.</s>
