What are the correct options in the following MCQs about the passage on the economy?

1. What are the two signs of a slowdown in the economy?
a) A decline in manufacturing output and an increase in retail sales.
b) A decline in retail sales and an increase in manufacturing output.
c) A decline in both retail sales and manufacturing output.
d) An increase in both retail sales and manufacturing output.

2. Why is the decline in retail sales seen as ominous?
a) It could lead to inflation.
b) It could lead to an increase in borrowing costs.
c) It could result in companies cutting back on employees.
d) It could result in companies increasing production.

3. What is the reason for the inflation that has put household budgets under pressure?
a) A decrease in consumer spending.
b) An increase in production costs for goods and services.
c) A decrease in production costs for goods and services.
d) An increase in consumer savings.

Shoppers are buying less and factories are making less—in other words, the economy is slowing down, and might even have entered a recession. 

Signs of a slowdown came on two fronts in reports Wednesday. Retail sales fell 1.1% in December, as consumers cut their spending in 10 out of the 13 major categories tracked by the Census Bureau.1 Businesses also hit the brakes, with U.S. manufacturing output falling 1.3% in December, the Federal Reserve said.2 Both were the second month of slowdowns in a row. 

The decline in retail sales is especially ominous because if consumers and businesses both continue cutting back, the economy could slow to the point that it enters a recession. When people curtail their spending, companies cut back on employees that make the good or service that isn’t selling. Economists have been predicting for months that the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hikes could push the economy into a recession by making it too expensive to borrow money.  If that does happen, the current job market where positions are plentiful—so far a bright spot for workers—could take a turn for the worse, economists said.

Taken together, the day’s data “reinforces the message that recession is on its way and we could in fact already be in it.” said James Knightley, chief U.S. economist at ING, in a commentary. “Companies are going to increasingly adopt defensive strategies so the strong jobs numbers—pretty much the only decent set of numbers right now—cannot continue in this environment,”

Inflation is partly responsible for the slowdown. Prices for products and services have rapidly increased since 2021, putting household budgets under pressure. Consumers have tapped into their savings and made purchases on credit cards to maintain their spending habits despite the price increases. But they may not be able to sustain this any longer. 

Not only that but household finances have been caught in the crossfire of the Federal Reserve’s war against that very inflation. The central bank has hiked its benchmark interest rate by 4.25 percentage points since March, a move that’s raised costs on consumer borrowing for things like credit cards and car loans.3

Note
The federal funds rate heavily influences interest rates throughout the economy, including those on credit cards and car loans, but it’s not the rate you get on those loans. Banks typically charge a set amount above their so-called prime rate. The prime rate moves in tandem with the fed funds rate, but it’s typically about 3 percentage points higher. 

“American consumers are tightening their belts in the face of still-high inflation, rising credit costs, and shrinking wealth,” Sal Guatieri, senior economist at BMO Capital Markets, said in a commentary. 

Businesses are tightening their belts too, and have cut production across a broad range of items from cars to computers to clothes, according to the Fed’s data on industrial production—an indication that they are bracing for reduced demand for their goods. 

“It is evident that the manufacturing sector is already in recession,” economists at Wells Fargo Securities said in a commentary.

The Fed’s interest rate hikes and subsequent slowing of the economy appear to have had the intended effect. Inflation has slowed significantly in recent months, according to data on consumer prices. Not only that, but the producer price index, which measures wholesale prices, fell 0.5%, the Bureau of Labor Statistics said—and that could translate into lower prices on store shelves.
system
arthvyavastha par paarit hone ke bare main nimnlikhit MCQ main sahi vikalp kya hai?

1. arthvyavastha main mandi ke do sanket kya hai?
e) vinirmaan utpaadan main giravat or khudara bikri main vruddhi.
bi) khudara bikri main giravat or vinirmaan utpaadan main vruddhi.
ga) khudara bikri or vinirmaan utpaadan donon main giravat.
di) khudara bikri or vinirmaan utpaadan donon main vruddhi.

2. khudara bikri main giravat ko ashubh kyon dekha jaataa he?
a) yah mudrasphiti ko janm de saktaa he.
bi) yah udhaar laagat main vruddhi kar saktaa he.
ga) yah karmchaariyon par waapas kaatane vaali companiyon main parinaam kar saktaa he.
gha) yah companiyon main utpaadan badhaane main parinaam ho saktaa he.

3. mudrasphiti kaa kya kaaran he jisane gharelu bajet ko dabaav main rakhaa he?
k) upabhokta kharch main kami.
bi) maal or sevaaon ke liye utpaadan laagat main vruddhi.
ga) maal or sevaaon ke liye utpaadan laagat main kami.
d) upabhokta bachat main vruddhi.

dukandaar kam kharid rahe hai or kaarkaane kam kar rahe hai - duusare shabdon main, arthvyavastha dhimi ho rahi he, or yahaan tak ki mandi main bhi pravesh kar saktaa he.

buudhvaar ko reporton main do morchon par mandi ke sanket aae.disambar main khudara bikri 1.1% gir gai, kyonki upabhoktaaon ne janaganana beuro dwaara trek kii gai 13 pramukh shreniyon main se 10 main se 10 main apana kharch main katautee kii. vyavsaayon ne bhi brake maaraa, jisamen america vinirmaan utpaadan disambar main 1.3% gir gaya, fedral rigerv ne kaha .2donon ek pankti main mandi kaa doosraa maheenaa tha.

khudara bikri main giravat vishesh rup se ashubh he kyonki agar upabhokta or vyavsaay donon waapas katautee karte rahete hai, to arthvyavastha is bindu par dhimaa ho sakati he ki yah ek mandi main pravesh karti he.jab log apane kharch par roak lagaate hai, to companiyaan un karmchaariyon par katautee karti hai jo acchhee yaa seva nahin banaati hai jo bechati nahin he.arthshaastri maheenon se bhavishyavaanee kar rahe hai ki fedral rigerv kii byaaj dar main vruddhi se arthvyavastha ko mandi main dhakel diya ja saktaa he, jisase paise udhaar lene ke liye bahut mahangaa ho.yadi aisa hota he, to vartmaan naukari bazaar jahaan padon main bahutayat se hota he - shramikon ke liye ek ujjwal sthaan he - badtar ke liye ek mode le saktaa he, arthshaastriyon ne kaha.

ek saath liya gaya, din kaa data "sandesh ko pusht karata he ki mandi apane raste par he or ham vastav main pehle se hi isamen ho sakate hai."james nitaly ne kaha, ek tippanee main ienji main mukhya america arthshaastri."companiyaan teji se rakshaatmak ranneetiyon ko apnaane ja rahi hai, isliye majboot naukariyon kii sankhya - abhi sankhya kaa ekmaatr sabhy set he - is maahaul main abhi bhi jari he,"

mandi ke liye mudrasphiti aanshik rup se jimmedaar he.2021 ke baad se utpaadon or sevaaon kii keemten teji se badi hai, gharelu bajet ko dabaav main daalate hai.upabhoktaaon ne apni bachat main tap kiya he or keemat main vruddhi ke baavjood apni kharch karne kii aadaton ko banaae rakhane ke liye credit card par kharidari kii he.lekin ve ise ab bhi banaae rakhane main sakasham nahin ho sakate hai.

itnaa hi nahin balki gharelu vitt fedral rigerv ke yuddh ke crossfire main us bahut mudrasphiti ke khilaaf pakadaa gaya he.central bank ne march ke baad se apni benchmark byaaj dar ko 4.25 pratishat ank badha diya he, ek kadam jo credit card or car rin jaisi chizon ke liye upabhokta udhaar lene kii laagat ko badhaata he .3 .3

tippanee
fedral funds kii dar puri arthvyavastha main byaaj daron ko prabhavit karti he, jisamen credit card or car rin shaamil hai, lekin yah un rinon par praapt dar nahin he.bank aamtaur par apni tathakthith prime rate se upar ek nirdhaarit raashi lete hai.prime rate fed funds rate ke saath agranukram main chalata he, lekin yah aamtaur par lagbhag 3 pratishat ank adhik hota he.

biemo capital markets ke varisht arthshaastri saal guatiari ne kaha, "america upabhokta abhi bhi ucch mudrasphiti, badhati credit laagat or sikudte dhan ke saamne apni belt ko kas rahe hai."

audyogic utpaadan par fed ke aankadon ke anusaar, vyavsaay kaaron se lekar kaaron se lekar computer tak ke saamaanon kii ek vistrut shrinkhalaa main utpaadan main katautee kar rahe hai - ek sanket he ki ve apane maal kii kam maang ke liye kaam kar rahe hai.

wales phargo securities ke arthshaastriyon ne ek tippanee main kaha, "yah spasht he ki vinirmaan kshetra pehle se hi mandi main he."

fed kii byaaj dar badhotaree or baad main arthvyavastha kii dhimi gati se prathit hota he ki iskaa icchit prabhaav padaa he.upabhokta keemton ke aankadon ke anusaar, haal ke maheenon main mudrasphiti main kaaphi dhimaa ho gaya he.keval itnaa hi nahin, balki nirmaataa mulya suchakank, jo thok keemton ko maapta he, 0.5%gir gaya, beuro of lebar statisticks ne kaha- or yah store almariyon par kam keemton main anuwaad kar saktaa he.
user
uttar: si. arthvyavastha main mandi ke do sanketak khudara bikri or vinirmaan utpaadan main giravat hai.

uttar: si. khudara bikri main giravat ko ashubh mana jaataa he kyonki isse companiyaan apane karmchaariyon par waapas katautee kar sakati hai.

uttar: B. maal or sevaaon ke liye utpaadan laagat main vruddhi mudrasphiti kaa praathmik kaaran he jisane pariwaron ke bajet ko prabhavit kiya he.
assistant
<|system|>
</s>
<|user|>
arthvyavastha par paarit hone ke bare main nimnlikhit MCQ main sahi vikalp kya hai?

1. arthvyavastha main mandi ke do sanket kya hai?
e) vinirmaan utpaadan main giravat or khudara bikri main vruddhi.
bi) khudara bikri main giravat or vinirmaan utpaadan main vruddhi.
ga) khudara bikri or vinirmaan utpaadan donon main giravat.
di) khudara bikri or vinirmaan utpaadan donon main vruddhi.

2. khudara bikri main giravat ko ashubh kyon dekha jaataa he?
a) yah mudrasphiti ko janm de saktaa he.
bi) yah udhaar laagat main vruddhi kar saktaa he.
ga) yah karmchaariyon par waapas kaatane vaali companiyon main parinaam kar saktaa he.
gha) yah companiyon main utpaadan badhaane main parinaam ho saktaa he.

3. mudrasphiti kaa kya kaaran he jisane gharelu bajet ko dabaav main rakhaa he?
k) upabhokta kharch main kami.
bi) maal or sevaaon ke liye utpaadan laagat main vruddhi.
ga) maal or sevaaon ke liye utpaadan laagat main kami.
d) upabhokta bachat main vruddhi.

dukandaar kam kharid rahe hai or kaarkaane kam kar rahe hai - duusare shabdon main, arthvyavastha dhimi ho rahi he, or yahaan tak ki mandi main bhi pravesh kar saktaa he.

buudhvaar ko reporton main do morchon par mandi ke sanket aae.disambar main khudara bikri 1.1% gir gai, kyonki upabhoktaaon ne janaganana beuro dwaara trek kii gai 13 pramukh shreniyon main se 10 main se 10 main apana kharch main katautee kii. vyavsaayon ne bhi brake maaraa, jisamen america vinirmaan utpaadan disambar main 1.3% gir gaya, fedral rigerv ne kaha .2donon ek pankti main mandi kaa doosraa maheenaa tha.

khudara bikri main giravat vishesh rup se ashubh he kyonki agar upabhokta or vyavsaay donon waapas katautee karte rahete hai, to arthvyavastha is bindu par dhimaa ho sakati he ki yah ek mandi main pravesh karti he.jab log apane kharch par roak lagaate hai, to companiyaan un karmchaariyon par katautee karti hai jo acchhee yaa seva nahin banaati hai jo bechati nahin he.arthshaastri maheenon se bhavishyavaanee kar rahe hai ki fedral rigerv kii byaaj dar main vruddhi se arthvyavastha ko mandi main dhakel diya ja saktaa he, jisase paise udhaar lene ke liye bahut mahangaa ho.yadi aisa hota he, to vartmaan naukari bazaar jahaan padon main bahutayat se hota he - shramikon ke liye ek ujjwal sthaan he - badtar ke liye ek mode le saktaa he, arthshaastriyon ne kaha.

ek saath liya gaya, din kaa data "sandesh ko pusht karata he ki mandi apane raste par he or ham vastav main pehle se hi isamen ho sakate hai."james nitaly ne kaha, ek tippanee main ienji main mukhya america arthshaastri."companiyaan teji se rakshaatmak ranneetiyon ko apnaane ja rahi hai, isliye majboot naukariyon kii sankhya - abhi sankhya kaa ekmaatr sabhy set he - is maahaul main abhi bhi jari he,"

mandi ke liye mudrasphiti aanshik rup se jimmedaar he.2021 ke baad se utpaadon or sevaaon kii keemten teji se badi hai, gharelu bajet ko dabaav main daalate hai.upabhoktaaon ne apni bachat main tap kiya he or keemat main vruddhi ke baavjood apni kharch karne kii aadaton ko banaae rakhane ke liye credit card par kharidari kii he.lekin ve ise ab bhi banaae rakhane main sakasham nahin ho sakate hai.

itnaa hi nahin balki gharelu vitt fedral rigerv ke yuddh ke crossfire main us bahut mudrasphiti ke khilaaf pakadaa gaya he.central bank ne march ke baad se apni benchmark byaaj dar ko 4.25 pratishat ank badha diya he, ek kadam jo credit card or car rin jaisi chizon ke liye upabhokta udhaar lene kii laagat ko badhaata he .3 .3

tippanee
fedral funds kii dar puri arthvyavastha main byaaj daron ko prabhavit karti he, jisamen credit card or car rin shaamil hai, lekin yah un rinon par praapt dar nahin he.bank aamtaur par apni tathakthith prime rate se upar ek nirdhaarit raashi lete hai.prime rate fed funds rate ke saath agranukram main chalata he, lekin yah aamtaur par lagbhag 3 pratishat ank adhik hota he.

biemo capital markets ke varisht arthshaastri saal guatiari ne kaha, "america upabhokta abhi bhi ucch mudrasphiti, badhati credit laagat or sikudte dhan ke saamne apni belt ko kas rahe hai."

audyogic utpaadan par fed ke aankadon ke anusaar, vyavsaay kaaron se lekar kaaron se lekar computer tak ke saamaanon kii ek vistrut shrinkhalaa main utpaadan main katautee kar rahe hai - ek sanket he ki ve apane maal kii kam maang ke liye kaam kar rahe hai.

wales phargo securities ke arthshaastriyon ne ek tippanee main kaha, "yah spasht he ki vinirmaan kshetra pehle se hi mandi main he."

fed kii byaaj dar badhotaree or baad main arthvyavastha kii dhimi gati se prathit hota he ki iskaa icchit prabhaav padaa he.upabhokta keemton ke aankadon ke anusaar, haal ke maheenon main mudrasphiti main kaaphi dhimaa ho gaya he.keval itnaa hi nahin, balki nirmaataa mulya suchakank, jo thok keemton ko maapta he, 0.5%gir gaya, beuro of lebar statisticks ne kaha- or yah store almariyon par kam keemton main anuwaad kar saktaa he.</s>
<|assistant|>
uttar: si. arthvyavastha main mandi ke do sanketak khudara bikri or vinirmaan utpaadan main giravat hai.

uttar: si. khudara bikri main giravat ko ashubh mana jaataa he kyonki isse companiyaan apane karmchaariyon par waapas katautee kar sakati hai.

uttar: B. maal or sevaaon ke liye utpaadan laagat main vruddhi mudrasphiti kaa praathmik kaaran he jisane pariwaron ke bajet ko prabhavit kiya he.</s>
