List three famous concepts that changed the world in statistics, mathematics and physics. Choose one example from each and go into detail about the concept or theorem and its impact.
system
teen prasiddh avadharanaon ko soochibaddh karen jinhone sankhyikee, ganit or bhautikee main duniya ko badal diya.prayek se ek udhaaharan chune or avadharana yaa prameya or iske prabhaav ke bare main vistaar se jaaen.
user
zarur!mujhe sankhyikee, ganit or bhautikee main teen prasiddh avadharanaon ke bare main vistaar se jane main khushi hogi!

1. calculas kaa avishkaar - ishak newton ne 1665 main calculas kii avadharana kaa avishkaar kiya. haalanki calculas ne bhautikee, jeev vigyaan, arthshaastra, ejineering, rasayan vigyaan main upyog kiya he, or adhik, iskaa sabase aam sangh ganit ke saath he.calculas samay ke saath parivartan kii dar kaa adhyayan karne ke bare main he.vibhedak pathari kii tulana bijganit se kii ja sakati he.calculas kaa upyog vakr ke dhalaan ko paribhaashit karne ke liye kiya jaataa he, jabaki bijganit sidhi rekhaon par adhik kendrit hota he.intigral calculas kaa upyog tab kiya jaataa he jab ek graph ke tahat kshetra kii gananaa karne kii aavashyaktaa hoti he.yah ek samasya ko hal karne ke liye chote khandon main ek dhalaan vaali rekha ko tod saktaa he jo bijganit nahin kar saktaa he.

ishak newton ne paaya ki jab ek girti hui vastu kii gati kaa varnan karne kii koshish kii jaati he, to gati har second main bad jaati he, haalanki us samay koi ganitiya samaadhaan nahin bataaya gaya tha.unhone calculas ke madhyam se spashtikaran paaya or surya, chandramaa or anya grahon kii kakshaon ko samajhane ke liye ek hi sutara kaa upyog kiya.aaj calculas ke liye kai upyog hai: yah ejineering ke sabhi pahaluon main baari rup se bandhaa hua he, iskaa upyog tab kiya ja saktaa he jab data ekatra kiya ja rahaa he or vishleshan kiya ja rahaa he, or, nishchit rup se, yah abhi bhi hai skool main vibhinn roopon main padhaayaa jaataa he or, aamtaur par adhik aam taur par, college str.iske avishkaar ne anya vaigyanik siddhanton ke liye bhi iske baad aane kii anumati di, jaise ki saapekshata kaa siddhant.

2. saapekshata kaa siddhant - vyapak rup se sabhi bhautikee main sabase prasiddh siddhant ke rup main janaa jaataa he, siddhant kaa avishkaar albert oinstin dwaara kiya gaya tha.unhone "vishesh saapekshata" ke bare main apane adhik prasiddh siddhant kii tulana main das saal pehle ek paper prakashit kiya tha, jisamen antariksh or samay kii vyakhya kii gai thi, lekin siddhant ne gurutvkarshan ko sambodhit nahin kiya.oinstin ke siddhant kaa vistaar newton par kiya gaya tha, jo bhautikee ke niyamon kaa nirdhaaran karke sabhi gaiyr-twarit paryvekshakon ke liye samaan hai.unhone yah bhi dikhaaya ki prakaash kii gati apane aap hi he ki koi fark nahin padataa ki paryvekshak kis gati se yatra kar rahaa he.is siddhant ke liye sameekaran yah bhi sabit karte hai ki bade paimaane par vasteen spestime ko vikrut karti hai.lite blike hole jaisi vishaal vastuon ke aasapaas jhukati he, jisase yah un chizon ke liye ek lens ke rup main kaary karne kii anumati detaa he jo iske peeche hai;iskaa upyog vaigyanikon dwaara sitaron kaa nirikshan karne ke liye kiya jaataa he.saapekshata ke siddhant kaa ek or pahalu jo vyapak rup se janaa jaataa he, vah parmaanu bam ke avishkaar kii anumati dene par iskaa sidhaa prabhaav he.oinstin apane nirmaan ke dauraan aasapaas tha, lekin iske sambhavit prabhaav kii kshamta ke bare main chetavanee dene ke bajaay sidhe is par kaam nahin kiya.

3. saamaanya vitaran - aankadon main sabase aam avadharanaon main se ek, jise bel vakr ke rup main bhi janaa jaataa he, saamaanya vitaran hamaare rosemara ke jivan ke kai hisson ko prabhavit karata he.yah vibhinn vitaranon kii vyakhya karata he jaise ki aam janata kii oonchaaiyon, maap main trutiyaan, raktchaap, ek pareekshan par nishaan, or aabaadi kii budhimatta, bas kuch udaahranon ko naam dene ke liye.saamaanya vitaran se sambandhit maanak vichlan he;udaahranon kii ucchtam sankhya graph ke bich main sahi hoti he, jabaki baayen or daaen maanak vichlan bahut kam aam hote hai.aamtaur par do maanak vichlan se dur durlabh hote hai, jabaki teen yaa adhik atyadhik durlabh hote hai.yah un chizon kii vyakhya karata he jaise ki bahut kam budhimaan log kyon hai.vitaran kii sambhaavna kaa matlab he ki iske hone kii sambhaavna bahut kam sambhaavna he, sabhi karkon par vichaar kiya gaya.
assistant
<|system|>
</s>
<|user|>
teen prasiddh avadharanaon ko soochibaddh karen jinhone sankhyikee, ganit or bhautikee main duniya ko badal diya.prayek se ek udhaaharan chune or avadharana yaa prameya or iske prabhaav ke bare main vistaar se jaaen.</s>
<|assistant|>
zarur!mujhe sankhyikee, ganit or bhautikee main teen prasiddh avadharanaon ke bare main vistaar se jane main khushi hogi!

1. calculas kaa avishkaar - ishak newton ne 1665 main calculas kii avadharana kaa avishkaar kiya. haalanki calculas ne bhautikee, jeev vigyaan, arthshaastra, ejineering, rasayan vigyaan main upyog kiya he, or adhik, iskaa sabase aam sangh ganit ke saath he.calculas samay ke saath parivartan kii dar kaa adhyayan karne ke bare main he.vibhedak pathari kii tulana bijganit se kii ja sakati he.calculas kaa upyog vakr ke dhalaan ko paribhaashit karne ke liye kiya jaataa he, jabaki bijganit sidhi rekhaon par adhik kendrit hota he.intigral calculas kaa upyog tab kiya jaataa he jab ek graph ke tahat kshetra kii gananaa karne kii aavashyaktaa hoti he.yah ek samasya ko hal karne ke liye chote khandon main ek dhalaan vaali rekha ko tod saktaa he jo bijganit nahin kar saktaa he.

ishak newton ne paaya ki jab ek girti hui vastu kii gati kaa varnan karne kii koshish kii jaati he, to gati har second main bad jaati he, haalanki us samay koi ganitiya samaadhaan nahin bataaya gaya tha.unhone calculas ke madhyam se spashtikaran paaya or surya, chandramaa or anya grahon kii kakshaon ko samajhane ke liye ek hi sutara kaa upyog kiya.aaj calculas ke liye kai upyog hai: yah ejineering ke sabhi pahaluon main baari rup se bandhaa hua he, iskaa upyog tab kiya ja saktaa he jab data ekatra kiya ja rahaa he or vishleshan kiya ja rahaa he, or, nishchit rup se, yah abhi bhi hai skool main vibhinn roopon main padhaayaa jaataa he or, aamtaur par adhik aam taur par, college str.iske avishkaar ne anya vaigyanik siddhanton ke liye bhi iske baad aane kii anumati di, jaise ki saapekshata kaa siddhant.

2. saapekshata kaa siddhant - vyapak rup se sabhi bhautikee main sabase prasiddh siddhant ke rup main janaa jaataa he, siddhant kaa avishkaar albert oinstin dwaara kiya gaya tha.unhone "vishesh saapekshata" ke bare main apane adhik prasiddh siddhant kii tulana main das saal pehle ek paper prakashit kiya tha, jisamen antariksh or samay kii vyakhya kii gai thi, lekin siddhant ne gurutvkarshan ko sambodhit nahin kiya.oinstin ke siddhant kaa vistaar newton par kiya gaya tha, jo bhautikee ke niyamon kaa nirdhaaran karke sabhi gaiyr-twarit paryvekshakon ke liye samaan hai.unhone yah bhi dikhaaya ki prakaash kii gati apane aap hi he ki koi fark nahin padataa ki paryvekshak kis gati se yatra kar rahaa he.is siddhant ke liye sameekaran yah bhi sabit karte hai ki bade paimaane par vasteen spestime ko vikrut karti hai.lite blike hole jaisi vishaal vastuon ke aasapaas jhukati he, jisase yah un chizon ke liye ek lens ke rup main kaary karne kii anumati detaa he jo iske peeche hai;iskaa upyog vaigyanikon dwaara sitaron kaa nirikshan karne ke liye kiya jaataa he.saapekshata ke siddhant kaa ek or pahalu jo vyapak rup se janaa jaataa he, vah parmaanu bam ke avishkaar kii anumati dene par iskaa sidhaa prabhaav he.oinstin apane nirmaan ke dauraan aasapaas tha, lekin iske sambhavit prabhaav kii kshamta ke bare main chetavanee dene ke bajaay sidhe is par kaam nahin kiya.

3. saamaanya vitaran - aankadon main sabase aam avadharanaon main se ek, jise bel vakr ke rup main bhi janaa jaataa he, saamaanya vitaran hamaare rosemara ke jivan ke kai hisson ko prabhavit karata he.yah vibhinn vitaranon kii vyakhya karata he jaise ki aam janata kii oonchaaiyon, maap main trutiyaan, raktchaap, ek pareekshan par nishaan, or aabaadi kii budhimatta, bas kuch udaahranon ko naam dene ke liye.saamaanya vitaran se sambandhit maanak vichlan he;udaahranon kii ucchtam sankhya graph ke bich main sahi hoti he, jabaki baayen or daaen maanak vichlan bahut kam aam hote hai.aamtaur par do maanak vichlan se dur durlabh hote hai, jabaki teen yaa adhik atyadhik durlabh hote hai.yah un chizon kii vyakhya karata he jaise ki bahut kam budhimaan log kyon hai.vitaran kii sambhaavna kaa matlab he ki iske hone kii sambhaavna bahut kam sambhaavna he, sabhi karkon par vichaar kiya gaya.</s>
