Rewrite the article. Emphasize the importance of using Hubble for finding black holes.

Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have come up with what they say is some of their best evidence yet for the presence of a rare class of "intermediate-sized" black hole that may be lurking in the heart of the closest globular star cluster to Earth, located 6,000 light-years away.

Like intense gravitational potholes in the fabric of space, virtually all black holes seem to come in two sizes: small and humongous. It's estimated that our galaxy is littered with 100 million small black holes (several times the mass of our Sun) created from exploded stars. The universe at large is flooded with supermassive black holes, weighing millions or billions of times our Sun’s mass and found in the centers of galaxies.

A long-sought missing link is an intermediate-mass black hole, weighing in somewhere between 100 and 100,000 solar masses. How would they form, where would they hang out, and why do they seem to be so rare?

Astronomers have identified other possible intermediate-mass black holes through a variety of observational techniques. Two of the best candidates — 3XMM J215022.4−055108, which Hubble helped discover in 2020, and HLX-1, identified in 2009 — reside in dense star clusters in the outskirts of other galaxies. Each of these possible black holes has the mass of tens of thousands of suns, and may have once been at the centers of dwarf galaxies. NASA’s Chandra X-ray observatory has also helped make many possible intermediate black hole discoveries, including a large sample in 2018.

Looking much closer to home, there have been a number of suspected intermediate-mass black holes detected in dense globular star clusters orbiting our Milky Way galaxy. For example, in 2008, Hubble astronomers announced the suspected presence of an intermediate-mass black hole in the globular cluster Omega Centauri. For a number of reasons, including the need for more data, these and other intermediate-mass black hole findings still remain inconclusive and do not rule out alternative theories.

Hubble's unique capabilities have now been used to zero in on the core of the globular star cluster Messier 4 (M4) to go black-hole hunting with higher precision than in previous searches. "You can't do this kind of science without Hubble," said Eduardo Vitral of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, lead author on a paper to be published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Vitral’s team has detected a possible intermediate-mass black hole of roughly 800 solar masses. The suspected object can't be seen, but its mass is calculated by studying the motion of stars caught in its gravitational field, like bees swarming around a hive. Measuring their motion takes time, and a lot of precision. This is where Hubble accomplishes what no other present-day telescope can do. Astronomers looked at 12 years' worth of M4 observations from Hubble and resolved pinpoint stars.

His team estimates that the black hole in M4 could be as much as 800 times our Sun's mass. Hubble's data tend to rule out alternative theories for this object, such as a compact central cluster of unresolved stellar remnants like neutron stars, or smaller black holes swirling around each other.

"We have good confidence that we have a very tiny region with a lot of concentrated mass. It's about three times smaller than the densest dark mass that we had found before in other globular clusters," said Vitral. "The region is more compact than what we can reproduce with numerical simulations when we take into account a collection of black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs segregated at the cluster's center. They are not able to form such a compact concentration of mass."

A grouping of close-knit objects would be dynamically unstable. If the object isn't a single intermediate-mass black hole, it would require an estimated 40 smaller black holes crammed into a space only one-tenth of a light-year across to produce the observed stellar motions. The consequences are that they would merge and/or be ejected in a game of interstellar pinball.

"We measure the motions of stars and their positions, and we apply physical models that try to reproduce these motions. We end up with a measurement of a dark mass extension in the cluster's center," said Vitral. "The closer to the central mass, more randomly the stars are moving. And, the greater the central mass, the faster these stellar velocities."

Because intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters have been so elusive, Vitral cautions, "While we cannot completely affirm that it is a central point of gravity, we can show that it is very small. It's too tiny for us to be able to explain other than it being a single black hole. Alternatively, there might be a stellar mechanism we simply don't know about, at least within current physics."
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lekh ko phir se likhen.blike hole khojane ke liye habal kaa upyog karne ke mahatv par jor den.

nasa ke habal spes telescope kaa upyog karne vaale khagolavidon ne kaha he ki ve jo kehete hai, uske kuch sabase achche saboot hai, jo ki "madhyavarti-aakaar" blike hole kii ek durlabh varg kii upasthiti ke liye abhi tak he jo prithvi ke nikatatam golakaar star cluster ke dil main dubakaa ho saktaa he, 6,000 prakaash-varsh dur sthit he.

antariksh ke kapade main teevr gurutvkarshan gaddhon kii tarah, lagbhag sabhi kaale chhed do aakaaron main aate hai: chote or vinamr.yah anumaan lagaaya gaya he ki hamaari akashganga visphot kiye gaye sitaron se banaai gai 100 million chote blike hole (kai baar hamaare surya kaa dravyaman) se ate padi he.bade paimaane par brahmad supermasive blike hole se bhar gaya he, jiskaa vajan lakhon yaa arabon baar hamaare surya kaa dravyaman he or akashgangaon ke kendron main paaya jaataa he.

ek lambey samay se maangi gai laapata link ek madhyavarti-dravyaman vaala blike hole he, jiskaa vajan 100 or 100,000 saura dravyamanon ke bich kahin he.ve kaise banenge, ve kahan ghumenge, or ve itane durlabh kyon lagate hai?

khagolavidon ne vibhinn prakaar kii avlokan takneekon ke madhyam se anya sambhavit madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale blike hole kii pahchaan kii he.sarvshereshth ummidavaaron main se do-3xMM J215022.4, 055108, jise habal ne 2020 main khojane main madad kii, or echelex -1, 2009 main pahachaanaa gaya-anya akashgangaon ke bahari ilaake main ghaney star samoohon main rahata he.in sambhavit blike hole main se prayek main dasiyon hajaar surya kaa dravyaman hota he, or ek baar boune akashgangaon ke kendron main ho saktaa he.nasa ke chandra eks-re vedhashala ne bhi kai sambhavit madhyavarti blike hole kii khojon ko banane main madad kii he, jisamen 2018 main ek bada namoona bhi shaamil he.

ghar ke bahut kareeb se dekhte hue, hamaare milky ve gallexi kii parikrama karne vaale ghaney golakaar star cluster main paae gaye kai sandigdh madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale blike hole hai.udhaaharan ke liye, 2008 main, habal estronamers ne golakaar cluster omega centori main ek madhyavarti-jan blike hole kii sandigdh upasthiti kii ghoshnaa kii.kai kaarnon se, adhik data kii aavashyaktaa sahit, ye or anya madhyavarti-jan blike hole nishkarsh abhi bhi anirnaayak hai or vaikalpik siddhanton se inkaar nahin karte hai.

habal kii anuthi kshamtaaon kaa upyog ab golakaar star cluster mesier 4 (em 4) ke mul main shunya karne ke liye kiya gaya he, jo pichhali khojon kii tulana main ucch parishuddhta ke saath kaale-chhed shikaar karne ke liye he.balteemor, marilland main spes telescope science institute ke aduardo vitrol ne kaha, "aap is tarah ke vigyaan ko habal ke bina nahin kar sakate."

vitrol kii team ne lagbhag 800 saura dravyamanon ke sambhavit madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale blike hole kaa pataa lagaaya he.sandigdh vastu ko nahin dekha ja saktaa he, lekin iske dravyaman kii gananaa iske gurutvkarshan kshetra main pakade gaye sitaron kii gati kaa adhyayan karke kii jaati he, jaise ki madhumakhiyon ke chaaron ore ek chhatey ke chaaron ore jhund.unki gati ko maapne main samay lagata he, or bahut sateekta.yah vah jagah he jahaan habal ne puraa kiya ki koi anya vartmaan doorabeen kya nahin kar saktaa he.khagolavidon ne habal se 12 saal ke em 4 tippaniyon ko dekha or pinpoint sitaron ko hal kiya.

unki team kaa anumaan he ki M4 main blike hole hamaare suraj ke dravyaman ke 800 guna adhik ho saktaa he.habal kaa data is object ke liye vaikalpik siddhanton ko khaarij karata he, jaise ki neutron sitaron jaise ansulajhe taarakeey avasheshon kaa ek compact kendriya cluster, yaa ek duusare ke chaaron ore ghoomane vaale chote kaale hole.

vitrol ne kaha, "hamen acha vishwaas he ki hamaare paas bahut chote kshetra ke saath ek bahut chota kshetra he. yah sabase ghaney andhere dravyaman kii tulana main lagbhag teen guna chota he jo hamane anya golakaar samoohon main pehle paaya tha.""yah kshetra adhik compact he jo ham sankhyatmak simulation ke saath prajnan kar sakate hai, jab ham cluster ke centre main alag -alag blike hole, neutron sitaron or safed bunon ke sangrah ko dhyaan main rakhte hai. ve dravyaman kii aisi compact ekaagratha banane main sakasham nahin hai."

kareebi-bunana vastuon kaa ek samooh gatisheel rup se asthir hoga.yadi object ek ekal madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale blike hole nahin he, to use anumaanit 40 chote blike hole kii aavashyaktaa hogi jo dekhe gaye stailer gatiyon kaa utpaadan karne ke liye ek prakaash-varsh ke keval dasven sthaan par ek jagah main ghire hue hai.parinaam yah he ki ve interstailor pinbaal ke ek khel main vilay or/yaa bedakhal ho jaaenge.

"ham sitaron or unke padon kii gatiyon ko maapte hai, or ham bhautik model lagu karte hai jo in gatiyon ko pun: pesh karne kii koshish karte hai. ham cluster ke centre main ek andhere dravyaman vistaar ke maap ke saath samaapt hote hai," vitrol ne kaha."kendriya dravyaman ke kareeb, adhik betaratib dhang se taare hill rahe hai. or, kendriya dravyaman jitna adhik hoga, utani hi teji se ye taarakeey veg."

kyonki golakaar samoohon main madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale kaale chhed itane mayavi the, vitrol ne kaha, "jabaki ham puri tarah se pushti nahin kar sakate hai ki yah gurutvkarshan kaa ek kendriya bindu he, ham dikhaa sakate hai ki yah bahut chota he. yah hamaare liye bahut chota he ki ham sakasham ho saken.ek ekal blike hole hone ke alaava anya samajhaayen. vaikalpik rup se, ek taarakeey tantra ho saktaa he jiske bare main ham bas nahin jaanate hai, kam se kam vartmaan bhautikee ke bheetar. "
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khagolvid prithvi se ek golakaar star cluster 6,000 prakaash-varsh main madhyavarti aakaar ke kaale chhed khojane ke liye habal spes telescope kaa upyog kar rahe hai.ye mayavi blike hole surya ke dravyaman kaa lagbhag 100 se 100,000 guna he.
intermediat blike hole aksar boune akashgangaon kaa centre banaate hai.chandra eks-re telescope jaise anya doorabeenon ke data ne anya akashgangaon ke kinare par ghaney star samoohon main madhyavarti blike hole ke liye kai ummidavaaron ko utpann kiya.anya madhyavarti blike hole ummidavaar hamaare milky ve ke kinare par maujuud hai.ye blike hole ummidavaar hamaare surya ke dravyaman ke hajaaron baar janata hone ke sanket dikhaate hai.ek blike hole ummidavaar ko 2008 main omega centori golakaar cluster main khoja gaya tha. haalanki, khagolavidon ko yah pushti karne ke liye adhik data kii aavashyaktaa he ki ve madhyavarti blike hole hai yaa ummidavaaron ke liye ek vaikalpik spashtikaran taiyaar karte hai.
khagolvid golakaar star cluster main madhyavarti blike hole kii khoj ke liye habal spes telescope kii kshamtaaon kaa upyog kar sakate hai, jise mesier 4. ke rup main janaa jaataa he. antariksh doorabeen vigyaan santhaan ke aduardo vitrol jaise khagolavidon ne us sateekta kii prashansa kii, jiske saath habal spes telescope aavashyak oberveshan bana saktaa he.
"aap habal ke bina is tarah kaa vigyaan nahin kar sakate," vitrol ne kaha.
aduardo vitrol kii shodh team ne pehle se hi ek madhyavarti blike hole kii khoj kii jo surya ke dravyaman se 800 guna he.ve apane nishkarshon ko ek paper main prakashit karne kii yojana banaate hai jo royal estronaumical socity ke masik notice main prakashit kiya jayega.
blike hole ko sidhe dekhnaa asambhav he.haalanki, habal spes telescope un vastuon kii gati kaa nirikshan kar saktaa he jo ek blike hole ke kareeb ja sakate hai.anusandhan team ne madhyavarti blike hole kii khoj ke liye 12 saal ke mesier 4 tippaniyon kaa upyog kiya.
habal spes telescope dwaara utpaadit data ke shodhakartaaon ke modelling ne in vastuon ke vyavhaar ke liye vaikalpik siddhanton ko khaarij kar diya, jaise ki kai chote kaale chhed ek duusare, neutron sitaron, yaa safed bunon kii parikrama karte hai.udhaaharan ke liye, anya blike hole ke saath vilay karne yaa cluster se baahar nikalne se bachane ke liye chote blike hole kaa ek saidhantik sangrah bahut baariki se pack kiya gaya hoga.
vitrol ne sweekaar kiya ki madhyavarti blike hole mayavi hai.adhikansh gyaat blike hole yaa to chote hote hai - "keval" hamaare surya ke dravyaman main kai baar - yaa milky ve gallexi ke centre main ek jaise vishaal blike hole.khagolavidon kaa yah bhi anumaan he ki milky ve gallexi main 100 million chote kaale chhed hai.ye chote kaale chhed aksar bade sitaron se banate hai jo visphot ho jate hai.bade kaale chhed main aamtaur par lakhon yaa arabon kaa dravyaman hota he.
haalanki, habal spes telescope se bhautikee or data kii hamaari vartmaan samaj ke saath, ek intermediat blike hole aduardo vitrol kii research team dwaara khoji gai vastu ke liye sabase adhik sambhavit spashtikaran he.
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lekh ko phir se likhen.blike hole khojane ke liye habal kaa upyog karne ke mahatv par jor den.

nasa ke habal spes telescope kaa upyog karne vaale khagolavidon ne kaha he ki ve jo kehete hai, uske kuch sabase achche saboot hai, jo ki "madhyavarti-aakaar" blike hole kii ek durlabh varg kii upasthiti ke liye abhi tak he jo prithvi ke nikatatam golakaar star cluster ke dil main dubakaa ho saktaa he, 6,000 prakaash-varsh dur sthit he.

antariksh ke kapade main teevr gurutvkarshan gaddhon kii tarah, lagbhag sabhi kaale chhed do aakaaron main aate hai: chote or vinamr.yah anumaan lagaaya gaya he ki hamaari akashganga visphot kiye gaye sitaron se banaai gai 100 million chote blike hole (kai baar hamaare surya kaa dravyaman) se ate padi he.bade paimaane par brahmad supermasive blike hole se bhar gaya he, jiskaa vajan lakhon yaa arabon baar hamaare surya kaa dravyaman he or akashgangaon ke kendron main paaya jaataa he.

ek lambey samay se maangi gai laapata link ek madhyavarti-dravyaman vaala blike hole he, jiskaa vajan 100 or 100,000 saura dravyamanon ke bich kahin he.ve kaise banenge, ve kahan ghumenge, or ve itane durlabh kyon lagate hai?

khagolavidon ne vibhinn prakaar kii avlokan takneekon ke madhyam se anya sambhavit madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale blike hole kii pahchaan kii he.sarvshereshth ummidavaaron main se do-3xMM J215022.4, 055108, jise habal ne 2020 main khojane main madad kii, or echelex -1, 2009 main pahachaanaa gaya-anya akashgangaon ke bahari ilaake main ghaney star samoohon main rahata he.in sambhavit blike hole main se prayek main dasiyon hajaar surya kaa dravyaman hota he, or ek baar boune akashgangaon ke kendron main ho saktaa he.nasa ke chandra eks-re vedhashala ne bhi kai sambhavit madhyavarti blike hole kii khojon ko banane main madad kii he, jisamen 2018 main ek bada namoona bhi shaamil he.

ghar ke bahut kareeb se dekhte hue, hamaare milky ve gallexi kii parikrama karne vaale ghaney golakaar star cluster main paae gaye kai sandigdh madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale blike hole hai.udhaaharan ke liye, 2008 main, habal estronamers ne golakaar cluster omega centori main ek madhyavarti-jan blike hole kii sandigdh upasthiti kii ghoshnaa kii.kai kaarnon se, adhik data kii aavashyaktaa sahit, ye or anya madhyavarti-jan blike hole nishkarsh abhi bhi anirnaayak hai or vaikalpik siddhanton se inkaar nahin karte hai.

habal kii anuthi kshamtaaon kaa upyog ab golakaar star cluster mesier 4 (em 4) ke mul main shunya karne ke liye kiya gaya he, jo pichhali khojon kii tulana main ucch parishuddhta ke saath kaale-chhed shikaar karne ke liye he.balteemor, marilland main spes telescope science institute ke aduardo vitrol ne kaha, "aap is tarah ke vigyaan ko habal ke bina nahin kar sakate."

vitrol kii team ne lagbhag 800 saura dravyamanon ke sambhavit madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale blike hole kaa pataa lagaaya he.sandigdh vastu ko nahin dekha ja saktaa he, lekin iske dravyaman kii gananaa iske gurutvkarshan kshetra main pakade gaye sitaron kii gati kaa adhyayan karke kii jaati he, jaise ki madhumakhiyon ke chaaron ore ek chhatey ke chaaron ore jhund.unki gati ko maapne main samay lagata he, or bahut sateekta.yah vah jagah he jahaan habal ne puraa kiya ki koi anya vartmaan doorabeen kya nahin kar saktaa he.khagolavidon ne habal se 12 saal ke em 4 tippaniyon ko dekha or pinpoint sitaron ko hal kiya.

unki team kaa anumaan he ki M4 main blike hole hamaare suraj ke dravyaman ke 800 guna adhik ho saktaa he.habal kaa data is object ke liye vaikalpik siddhanton ko khaarij karata he, jaise ki neutron sitaron jaise ansulajhe taarakeey avasheshon kaa ek compact kendriya cluster, yaa ek duusare ke chaaron ore ghoomane vaale chote kaale hole.

vitrol ne kaha, "hamen acha vishwaas he ki hamaare paas bahut chote kshetra ke saath ek bahut chota kshetra he. yah sabase ghaney andhere dravyaman kii tulana main lagbhag teen guna chota he jo hamane anya golakaar samoohon main pehle paaya tha.""yah kshetra adhik compact he jo ham sankhyatmak simulation ke saath prajnan kar sakate hai, jab ham cluster ke centre main alag -alag blike hole, neutron sitaron or safed bunon ke sangrah ko dhyaan main rakhte hai. ve dravyaman kii aisi compact ekaagratha banane main sakasham nahin hai."

kareebi-bunana vastuon kaa ek samooh gatisheel rup se asthir hoga.yadi object ek ekal madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale blike hole nahin he, to use anumaanit 40 chote blike hole kii aavashyaktaa hogi jo dekhe gaye stailer gatiyon kaa utpaadan karne ke liye ek prakaash-varsh ke keval dasven sthaan par ek jagah main ghire hue hai.parinaam yah he ki ve interstailor pinbaal ke ek khel main vilay or/yaa bedakhal ho jaaenge.

"ham sitaron or unke padon kii gatiyon ko maapte hai, or ham bhautik model lagu karte hai jo in gatiyon ko pun: pesh karne kii koshish karte hai. ham cluster ke centre main ek andhere dravyaman vistaar ke maap ke saath samaapt hote hai," vitrol ne kaha."kendriya dravyaman ke kareeb, adhik betaratib dhang se taare hill rahe hai. or, kendriya dravyaman jitna adhik hoga, utani hi teji se ye taarakeey veg."

kyonki golakaar samoohon main madhyavarti-dravyaman vaale kaale chhed itane mayavi the, vitrol ne kaha, "jabaki ham puri tarah se pushti nahin kar sakate hai ki yah gurutvkarshan kaa ek kendriya bindu he, ham dikhaa sakate hai ki yah bahut chota he. yah hamaare liye bahut chota he ki ham sakasham ho saken.ek ekal blike hole hone ke alaava anya samajhaayen. vaikalpik rup se, ek taarakeey tantra ho saktaa he jiske bare main ham bas nahin jaanate hai, kam se kam vartmaan bhautikee ke bheetar. "</s>
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khagolvid prithvi se ek golakaar star cluster 6,000 prakaash-varsh main madhyavarti aakaar ke kaale chhed khojane ke liye habal spes telescope kaa upyog kar rahe hai.ye mayavi blike hole surya ke dravyaman kaa lagbhag 100 se 100,000 guna he.
intermediat blike hole aksar boune akashgangaon kaa centre banaate hai.chandra eks-re telescope jaise anya doorabeenon ke data ne anya akashgangaon ke kinare par ghaney star samoohon main madhyavarti blike hole ke liye kai ummidavaaron ko utpann kiya.anya madhyavarti blike hole ummidavaar hamaare milky ve ke kinare par maujuud hai.ye blike hole ummidavaar hamaare surya ke dravyaman ke hajaaron baar janata hone ke sanket dikhaate hai.ek blike hole ummidavaar ko 2008 main omega centori golakaar cluster main khoja gaya tha. haalanki, khagolavidon ko yah pushti karne ke liye adhik data kii aavashyaktaa he ki ve madhyavarti blike hole hai yaa ummidavaaron ke liye ek vaikalpik spashtikaran taiyaar karte hai.
khagolvid golakaar star cluster main madhyavarti blike hole kii khoj ke liye habal spes telescope kii kshamtaaon kaa upyog kar sakate hai, jise mesier 4. ke rup main janaa jaataa he. antariksh doorabeen vigyaan santhaan ke aduardo vitrol jaise khagolavidon ne us sateekta kii prashansa kii, jiske saath habal spes telescope aavashyak oberveshan bana saktaa he.
"aap habal ke bina is tarah kaa vigyaan nahin kar sakate," vitrol ne kaha.
aduardo vitrol kii shodh team ne pehle se hi ek madhyavarti blike hole kii khoj kii jo surya ke dravyaman se 800 guna he.ve apane nishkarshon ko ek paper main prakashit karne kii yojana banaate hai jo royal estronaumical socity ke masik notice main prakashit kiya jayega.
blike hole ko sidhe dekhnaa asambhav he.haalanki, habal spes telescope un vastuon kii gati kaa nirikshan kar saktaa he jo ek blike hole ke kareeb ja sakate hai.anusandhan team ne madhyavarti blike hole kii khoj ke liye 12 saal ke mesier 4 tippaniyon kaa upyog kiya.
habal spes telescope dwaara utpaadit data ke shodhakartaaon ke modelling ne in vastuon ke vyavhaar ke liye vaikalpik siddhanton ko khaarij kar diya, jaise ki kai chote kaale chhed ek duusare, neutron sitaron, yaa safed bunon kii parikrama karte hai.udhaaharan ke liye, anya blike hole ke saath vilay karne yaa cluster se baahar nikalne se bachane ke liye chote blike hole kaa ek saidhantik sangrah bahut baariki se pack kiya gaya hoga.
vitrol ne sweekaar kiya ki madhyavarti blike hole mayavi hai.adhikansh gyaat blike hole yaa to chote hote hai - "keval" hamaare surya ke dravyaman main kai baar - yaa milky ve gallexi ke centre main ek jaise vishaal blike hole.khagolavidon kaa yah bhi anumaan he ki milky ve gallexi main 100 million chote kaale chhed hai.ye chote kaale chhed aksar bade sitaron se banate hai jo visphot ho jate hai.bade kaale chhed main aamtaur par lakhon yaa arabon kaa dravyaman hota he.
haalanki, habal spes telescope se bhautikee or data kii hamaari vartmaan samaj ke saath, ek intermediat blike hole aduardo vitrol kii research team dwaara khoji gai vastu ke liye sabase adhik sambhavit spashtikaran he.</s>
