Shinikizo la juu la damu
Watu karibu wote wakiumia shinikizo la juu la damu la kimsingi linalowekwa imara, kinzi inayoongezeka kwa utiririko wa damu (kinzi kabisa ukingoni) inasababisha shinikizo la hali ya juu wakati utiririko wa damu kutoka moyoni unaendelea kama kawaida. Uthibitisho upo kubainisha vijana wengine wanaoumia shinikizo la juu la damu ambalo halijashikana kabisa wana utiririko wa damu kutoka moyoni wa kiwango cha juu, pigo linalozidi kawaida la moyo na kinzi ya kawaida ukingoni (hyperkinetic borderline hypertension). These individuals develop  typical features of established essential hypertension in later life as their cardiac output falls and peripheral resistance rises with age. Whether this pattern is typical of all people who ultimately develop hypertension is disputed. Increased peripheral resistance in established hypertension is mainly attributable to structural narrowing of small arteries and arterioles. Reduction in number or density of capillaries may also contribute to peripheral resistance. Shinikizo juu la damu pia linahusika na ukosefu wa ujikunjaji wa mishipa iliyoko ukingoni, which may increase  return of blood to the heart, increase cardiac preload, and ultimately cause diastolic dysfunction.  Ikiwa kuongezeka kwa finyo linaloendelea la mishipa ya damu huchangia shinikizo la juu la damu la kimsingi linalowekwa imara hakujathibitishwa.