Athari za muda mrefu za pombe
Utafiti ulihitimisha kuwa, "Matumizi madogo hadi wastani ya pombe huhusishwa na tatizo la upungufu wa  dalili za metaboli , pamoja na athari nzuri kwa mafuta, mzingo wa kiuno, na mfungo wa insulini. Uhusiano huu alibainika zaidi miongoni mwa wazungu na miongoni mwa wanywaji wa bia na mvinyo." "Uwiano usio wa kawaida wa dalili za metaboli na vipengele vyake vilionyesha kuongeza kwa matumizi ya pombe.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Yoon YS, Oh SW, Baik HW, Park HS, Kim WY |title=Alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |journal=Am J Clin Nutr. |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=217–24 |date=1 Julai 2004|pmid=15213051 |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/1/217 }}</ref>'Athari kwa Kibofu nyongo