Unene wa kupindukia
Kabla ya karne ya 20, unene wa kupindukia ulikuwa wa nadra; in 1997 the WHO formally recognized obesity as a global epidemic. As of 2005 the WHO estimates that at least 400 million adults (9.8%) are obese, with higher rates among women than men. Kiwango cha unene wa kupindukia pia huongezeka kulingana na umri kwa angalau kufikia umri wa miaka 50 au 60    na unene mkali wa kupindukia nchini Marekani, Australia, na Canada unaongezeka haraka kuliko kiwango cha jumla cha unene wa kupindukia.