These five, and Kala (or Jiva), the effects of past acts, and Ignorance,-these eight eternal essences are the causes of the birth and destruction of creatures.
पञ्चैव तानि कालश्च भावाभावौ च केवलौ। अष्टौ भूतानि भूतानां शाश्वतानि भवात्ययौ॥