Cars, elephants, horse, and infantry, O son of Pandu, forced labourers, crew, and paid attendants (of armies), and guides taken from the country which is the seat of war, these are the eight means, O Kauravya, of open punishment. The administration of movable and immovable poison was also mentioned regarding the three kinds, of things, viz., dress, food, and incantation. Enemies, allies, and neutrals,—these also were described.
रथा नागा हयाश्चैव पादाताश्चैव पाण्डव। विष्टिर्नावश्चराश्चैव देशिका इति चाष्टमम्॥ अङ्गान्येतानि कौरव्य प्रकाशानि बलस्य तु। जङ्गमाजङ्गमाश्चोक्ताश्चूर्णयोगा विषादयः॥ स्पर्श चाभ्यवहार्ये चाप्युपांशुर्विविधः स्मृतः। अरिर्मित्र उदासीन इत्येतेऽप्यनुवर्णिताः॥