I'm working on a legal case, and I was wondering if you could explain the differences between voluntary manslaughter versus involuntary manslaughter, and first degree murder versus second degree murder.
user
Sure, I’ll give you the differences in the federal laws of the U.S.  First, the actual law in your state might be different, and it might differ if you were actually charged with a crime, but this is the general legal structure in the U.S.:

Let’s start with an example.  Let’s say you’re driving a car.  You get to an intersection and there are no other cars, and it’s perfectly safe for you to proceed, but you are so anxious to get to work on time that you put on your blinker to turn left.  There’s a woman in the crosswalk, but you don’t see her because your attention is on driving your car.  So you run her over and she dies.  This is voluntary manslaughter.

Next, let’s say there’s another woman in the crosswalk, but she runs out in front of you.  So you hit her, but she’s not a threat to your life or your ability to safely drive your car.  So you’re not trying to kill her or take her life, but she’s hit by your car and dies.  This is involuntary manslaughter.

Now let’s say there’s someone who is running towards your car, and you’re going to run them over if you don’t move.  So you move, and they’re now in your way, but you’re still going to drive your car over them and kill them.  Then they move, and you hit them and they die.  This is first degree murder.  And let’s say you’re driving the same way, and you hit them and they die.  But it’s not because you’re trying to kill them or you’re still driving, they just happen to be in the way of your car and you hit them.  That’s second degree murder.

There’s also felony murder, where you’re committing a serious crime, like a robbery or a rape, and someone dies.  In these situations, you’re being held responsible for a death even if you weren’t trying to cause the death, or you weren’t even there.
assistant
Could you give me another example of voluntary manslaughter versus involuntary manslaughter?
user
Let’s say there’s a woman running through the crosswalk, but you’re not actually aiming for her.  But you’re driving so fast that you don’t have time to slow down or get out of the way and she gets hit and dies.  This is voluntary manslaughter.
assistant
And what would be an example of involuntary manslaughter?
user
You’re driving and you see someone running through the crosswalk, but you’re not even trying to hit them.  But your car is so big that they can’t avoid getting hit, and they die.  So this is involuntary manslaughter.
assistant
I'm working on a legal case, and I was wondering if you could explain the differences between voluntary manslaughter versus involuntary manslaughter, and first degree murder versus second degree murder.
user
Sure, I’ll give you the differences in the federal laws of the U.S.  First, the actual law in your state might be different, and it might differ if you were actually charged with a crime, but this is the general legal structure in the U.S.:

Let’s start with an example.  Let’s say you’re driving a car.  You get to an intersection and there are no other cars, and it’s perfectly safe for you to proceed, but you are so anxious to get to work on time that you put on your blinker to turn left.  There’s a woman in the crosswalk, but you don’t see her because your attention is on driving your car.  So you run her over and she dies.  This is voluntary manslaughter.

Next, let’s say there’s another woman in the crosswalk, but she runs out in front of you.  So you hit her, but she’s not a threat to your life or your ability to safely drive your car.  So you’re not trying to kill her or take her life, but she’s hit by your car and dies.  This is involuntary manslaughter.

Now let’s say there’s someone who is running towards your car, and you’re going to run them over if you don’t move.  So you move, and they’re now in your way, but you’re still going to drive your car over them and kill them.  Then they move, and you hit them and they die.  This is first degree murder.  And let’s say you’re driving the same way, and you hit them and they die.  But it’s not because you’re trying to kill them or you’re still driving, they just happen to be in the way of your car and you hit them.  That’s second degree murder.

There’s also felony murder, where you’re committing a serious crime, like a robbery or a rape, and someone dies.  In these situations, you’re being held responsible for a death even if you weren’t trying to cause the death, or you weren’t even there.
assistant
Could you give me another example of voluntary manslaughter versus involuntary manslaughter?
user
Let’s say there’s a woman running through the crosswalk, but you’re not actually aiming for her.  But you’re driving so fast that you don’t have time to slow down or get out of the way and she gets hit and dies.  This is voluntary manslaughter.
assistant
And what would be an example of involuntary manslaughter?
user
So, let’s say you’re driving really slowly through the crosswalk, and there’s a woman who’s pushing her kid in a stroller in the crosswalk, and you don’t see her, and she gets hit and killed.  This is involuntary manslaughter.
assistant
I'm working on a legal case, and I was wondering if you could explain the differences between voluntary manslaughter versus involuntary manslaughter, and first degree murder versus second degree murder.