What are the main biological differences between men and women?
user
Men are about 10 percent taller than women.  Women usually have a larger pelvis, which makes it easier for them to give birth.  Men tend to have more upper-body strength.  Their skeletal muscles are larger and more efficient at energy conversion.
assistant
At what ages of development do these differences start presenting themselves? Are they most present before or after puberty?
user
About 85% of men's height is accomplished by age 18, and all of their strength.  On average, a girl develops early puberty a few years later than a boy does.
assistant
I've heard that girls tend to go through puberty earlier than boys, or that their puberty is finished more quickly than boys. Which is true?
user
It's often stated that girls tend to experience their first period about 2.5 years earlier than boys, but a study from 2013 estimated the difference to be 1.7 years.  The article you linked to says that it's actually boys who tend to experience puberty earlier.
assistant
What are the main biological differences between men and women?
user
Men are about 10 percent taller than women.  Women usually have a larger pelvis, which makes it easier for them to give birth.  Men tend to have more upper-body strength.  Their skeletal muscles are larger and more efficient at energy conversion.
assistant
At what ages of development do these differences start presenting themselves? Are they most present before or after puberty?
user
About 85% of men's height is accomplished by age 18, and all of their strength.  On average, a girl develops early puberty a few years later than a boy does.
assistant
I've heard that girls tend to go through puberty earlier than boys, or that their puberty is finished more quickly than boys. Which is true?
user
It depends on how you measure it.  We can measure a girl's body mass, relative to her height, in two ways: first, we can use standard units, which means that all the measures will be the same throughout the world; and second, we can use the “BMI” scale, which is a more accurate measurement, but uses a different set of units.  On both measures, the standard units and the BMI scale, girls tend to start puberty a few years earlier than boys.  In contrast, the time it takes to go from the beginning of puberty to the end of puberty tends to be about the same for
assistant
What are the main biological differences between men and women?