Chinese findings were reviewed  and various qigong practitioners were invited to the West to demonstrate those results. The American public's first exposure to "qigong" was in the PBS series "Healing and the Mind" with Bill Moyers in 1993. In the documentary, Moyers provided an in-depth look at alternatives to Western medicine and introduced the audience to traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and "qigong". As a result, "qigong" practice spread to the general public in the US. Historically, the effect of "qigong" practice has always been subjective. It ranges from feelings of calm, peace, and well being to cure of chronic medical conditions. Throughout history, remarkable claims have been made about results of "qigong" practice. The journey towards self-enlightenment can include descriptions of out of body experiences and miraculous powers for both the Buddhist   and the Taoist . For some individuals, "qigong" training is seen as providing a curative function after extensive training. For martial artists, "qigong" training is credited as the basis for developing extraordinary powers such as the ability to withstand blows and the ability to break hard objects. In the early 1980s, the Chinese scientific community attempted to verify the principles of qi through external measurements. Initially, they reported great success suggesting that qi can be measured as a form of electrical magnetic radiation. Other reports indicates that qi can induce external effects such as changing the properties of a liquid, clairvoyance, and telekinesis. Those reports created great excitement within the paranormal   and para psychological research communities. However, those reports were severely criticized by the conventional scientific community both within China and outside of China. The main criticism from the conventional scientific establishment about qigong research is the lack of application of the principles of the scientific method notably the absence of scientific rigor, the small sample sizes, the uncontrolled testing environment and lack of reproducibility. In addition to those criticisms, the public acceptance of paranormal properties arising from "qigong" practice contributed to social unrest. As a result of those controversies, the emphasis on "qigong" research within Mainland China has changed from externally verifying the existence of qi to focus on effects on health and as a component of Traditional Chinese Medicine without any reference to other aspects of traditional "qigong" practice. Today, millions of people worldwide practice "qigong". Similar to its historical origin, those interested in "qigong" come from diverse backgrounds and practice it for diverse reasons, including for exercise, recreation, preventative medicine, self-healing, self-cultivation, meditation, and martial arts training.