List of historic properties in Douglas, Arizona  This is a list, which includes a photographic gallery, of some of the remaining historic buildings, houses, structures and monuments in Douglas, Arizona, a city in Cochise County. There are various historic structures in Douglas which are located in G Street known as the Douglas Historic District. Some of the structures are individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Douglas has three more historical districts besides the Douglas Historic District. The other three historic districts are the Douglas Residential Historic District, the Douglas Sonoran Historic District and the Rucker Canyon Archeological District. Native-Americans inhabited the area where the City of Douglas and its surrounding areas are located before the arrival of the people of European ancestry from the East Coast of the United States. The principal Native-American tribe which inhabited southeastern Arizona were the Chiricahua Apaches. They called themselves the Chiricahua Apache (Apache: `great mountain’) after their former mountain home in southeast Arizona. Their own name true name is actually the Aiaha. In the 1500s Spain claimed the area which they called New Spain, In 1535, Spanish explorer Cabeza de Vaca established a route from Mexico through the southwestern region of Arizona. Spanish Conquistadores then began to establish presidios throughout the region. Present-day Douglas is close to the San Bernardino Presidio of the late 1700s. In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence between Mexico and Spain came to an end and the territory of New Spain, which included present-day Arizona, was ceded to Mexico. By the mid-1800s there were many cattle ranchers in the region, among them John Horton Slaughter. In 1854, the United States purchased the region from Mexico in what is known as the Gadsden Purchase. Americans of European descent from the East Coast of the United States began to arrive in the area. Some came to work as miners and others came to establish farms and ranches which provided food to the growing population. The Phelps Dodge Corporation selected the area as a suitable site to establish a smelter for its copper mines in Bisbee. In 1888, mining pioneer Dr. James Douglas founded the Arizona and South Eastern Railroad. By 1901, the railroad line covered Bisbee, Fairbanks, Benson and finally Douglas. That same year the line was renamed the "El Paso and Southwestern Railroad".The town was founded in 1901 and was named after Dr. James Douglas. Two copper smelters operated at the site; the Calumet and Arizona Company Smelter and the Copper Queen.