It contrasts this with the positive and protective role that education can have during armed conflict. By joining the Declaration, states formally endorse the "Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use during Armed Conflict" and commit to “bring them into domestic policy and operational frameworks as far as possible and appropriate.” The Declaration also contains a number of other commitments aimed at strengthening the prevention of, and response to, attacks on education during armed conflict, including by: collecting reliable data on attacks and military use of schools and universities; providing assistance to victims of attacks; investigating allegations of violations of national and international law and prosecuting perpetrators where appropriate; developing and promoting “conflict sensitive” approaches to education; seeking to continue education during armed conflict; and supporting the work of the United Nations on the children and armed conflict agenda. Lastly, the Declaration is a framework for collaboration and exchange, as endorsing states also agree to meet on a regular basis to review implementation of the Declaration and use of the "Guidelines". As of May 2020, the following 104 countries have endorsed the Declaration:  The Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres has called upon all countries to endorse the Safe Schools Declaration. Virginia Gamba, the Special Representative to the UN Secretary-General has said that all countries should endorse the Safe Schools Declaration, as "It has made an essential contribution towards promoting tangible measures to prevent attacks on education." Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Gordon Brown stated that "every country must now support" the Declaration. The United Kingdom has not endorsed the Safe Schools Declaration. In a letter from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (02/03/16), James Dudddridge (then the Minister for Africa, the Overseas Territories, and the Caribbean) stated that:  “While we welcome the spirit of the Safe Schools Declaration, we are concerned that the accompanying Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military use during Armed Conflict do not mirror the exact language of International Humanitarian Law, which risk complicating the application of International Humanitarian Law”. This has been mirrored in a statement from a representative of the United Kingdom's Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Leila Zerrougui, the former Special Representative to the Secretary-General of the United Nations said that she would "strongly advocate on behalf of children in conflict situations to persuade as many other Member States as we can to throw their support behind the initiative." Jan Egeland, Secretary General of the Norwegian Refugee Council noted at the Safe Schools conference that "10 years from now we will look back on this day.