State", the same court rejected contentions that the sodomy law applied only to people of the same sex, confirming that it applied universally regardless of sex or sexual orientation. In 1933, the Oklahoma Legislature passed a law providing for the possible sterilization of "habitual criminals", including those convicted under the sodomy law. The law was challenged, but upheld by the Oklahoma Supreme Court in 1941 by a vote of 5-4. The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously struck down the law in 1942, in the case of "Skinner v. Oklahoma". The landmark decision effectively ended the sterilization of criminals in the United States; no new sterilization laws were passed in any state and the existing ones were repealed or fell into disuse. The law was ultimately repealed in 1983, almost 40 years after having been invalidated. One of the few court cases to deal with lesbian activity occurred in 1971, in "Warner et al v. State". In this case, a married couple were convicted of forcing an Oklahoma City woman to engage in oral sex with each of them. The Court of Criminal Appeals specifically noted that lesbian activity was a violation of the sodomy statute. In 1973, the Court of Criminal Appeals, in "Canfield v. State", voted 2-1 to uphold the conviction and sentence of 15 years in jail of Kenneth Canfield for consensual sodomy. The court rejected arguments that the law was an unconstitutional invasion of privacy. In "Post v. State" (1986), the court ruled that the sodomy law could not be applied to private, consensual adult heterosexual activity. The court did not address homosexual activity in its ruling. In 1997, the Oklahoma Legislature revised parts of the sodomy statute, reducing the penalty to 2 years' imprisonment, a fine of 1,000 U.S. dollars or both. The law was short-lived; in 1999, a new law made same-sex sodomy punishable by up to 20 years in prison. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal in Oklahoma since 2003, when the United States Supreme Court struck down all state sodomy laws with its ruling in "Lawrence v. Texas". In April 2004, the Oklahoma Senate, by a vote of 38 to 7, and the Oklahoma House of Representatives, by a vote of 92 to 4, approved a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage. On November 2, 2004, Oklahoma voters approved Oklahoma Question 711, a constitutional amendment which bans same-sex marriage and any "legal incidents thereof be conferred upon unmarried couples or groups".