The scientists assessed the amount of "E. aerogenes" transferred between surface and food. Since bacteria tended to be attracted to moisture, wet food had more risk to have bacteria transferred than dry food. To the surprise of the researchers, carpet transferred fewer bacteria than steel or tile. Wood was hard to pin down. It showed a large variation. "The five-second rule is a significant oversimplification of what actually happens when bacteria transfer from a surface to food," Donald Schaffner, a Rutgers University biologist and an author of the research, said in a statement in the "Washington Post". "Bacteria can contaminate instantaneously." The five-second rule was also featured in an episode of the Discovery Channel series "MythBusters", which discovered that there was no significant difference in the number of bacteria collected. The aspects that affect the contamination process is the moisture, surface geometry and the location. Ted Allen put the rule to the test in an episode of "Food Detectives", and found that bacteria will cling to food immediately. Vsauce, a YouTube channel, also dedicated a video to this topic. A 2006 study could not verify the "rule" and looked at tile, wood, and carpet floors. It indicated that bacteria can survive on the ground for a long time. A 2014 study, by biology students at Aston University in England, suggested that there may be a basis for the five-second rule. Anthony Hilton, head of microbiology at Aston University, indicated in 2017 that food dropped on a seemingly clean floor for a few moments can be eaten with minimal risk. A 2016 "New York Times" article states "You may think your floors are so clean you can eat off them, but a new study debunking the so-called five-second rule would suggest otherwise." In response, a pediatrician discounted the danger in consuming certain foods dropped onto floors.