Eucalyptus sideroxylon  Eucalyptus sideroxylon, commonly known as mugga ironbark, or red ironbark is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has dark, deeply furrowed ironbark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white, red, pink or creamy yellow flowers and cup-shaped to shortened spherical fruit. "Eucalyptus sideroxlylon" is a tree that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. The bark is dark grey to black, deeply furrowed ironbark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth white to grey on the thinnest branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have lance-shaped to oblong or linear leaves that are long and wide. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, the same shade of green on both sides, long and wide tapering to a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are oval or diamond-shaped, long and wide with a conical to beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from April to December and the flowers are white, red, pink or creamy yellow. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped to shortened spherical capsule long and wide with the valves below the level of the rim. Allan Cunningham recorded the name "Eucalyptus sideroxylon" in Thomas Mitchell's 1848 "Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia" but did not provide a description of the plant. The first formal description of the species was published in 1887 by William Woolls in "Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales". The specific epithet ("sideroxylon") is derived from the ancient Greek words (), meaning "iron" and (), meaning "wood". Two subspecies of "E. sideroxylon" are accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at December 2019:  Mugga ironbark is widespread and often abundant in woodland from south-eastern Queensland through New South Wales to Victoria. Subspecies "improcera" is only known from the Barakula State Forest north-northwest of Chinchilla. The wood is relatively hard and dense, and is often used for firewood. It has very high resistance to rotting and can be used for fence posts, piers, sleepers.