In the years following the 2000 legislation, the lack of political will to enforce laws against suspected Nazi war criminals may have signalled to other potential war criminals from more recent arenas of conflict that Canada was a safe haven. However, in select cases where a suspected war criminals lacked a supporting community, the likelihood of prosecution under the 2000 statute increased. In 2009, Désiré Munyaneza was found living in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He was the first man to be arrested and convicted in Canada on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity for his role in the 1994 Rwandan genocide. In 2011, Illandaridevage Kulatunga who was wanted for suspected war crimes in Sri Lanka was able to leave Canada. Manuel De La Torre Herrera, a former Peruvian police officer who stayed in Canada for two years, was apprehended and deported. The Simon Wiesenthal Centre, an independent organization which has frequently brought suspected Nazi war criminals to trial, has faulted the Government of Canada's efforts to investigate and prosecute Nazi war criminals. A recent center publication claims that approximately 2,000 Nazi war criminals obtained Canadian citizenship by providing false information. However, other sources have published different estimates. The actual number of surviving war criminals is difficult to determine. Some allege this is in part due to collusion between Canadian and United States authorities.