American Committee on United Europe  The American Committee on United Europe (ACUE), founded in 1948, was a private American organization that sought to counter communism in Europe by promoting European political integration. Its first chairman was William Joseph Donovan, who had left the government after the war and was in private law practice. The vice-chairman was Allen Dulles, who also had left the government and was in private practice. He later joined the CIA in 1951. A board member was Walter Bedell Smith, the U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union, who later joined the CIA in 1950. The structure of the organization was outlined in early summer of 1948 by Donovan and Allen Welsh Dulles by then also reviewing the organization of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). in response to assistance requests by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, then Joseph Retinger and Winston Churchill. Declassified American government documents have shown that the ACUE received foundation money it used to help fund of both the European Movement and the European Youth Campaign. The ACUE itself received funding from the Rockefeller and Ford foundations. American policy was to promote a United States of Europe, sponsored by Winston Churchill, but it was never formed. The committee was later used as a discreet way to funnel CIA funds (by the mid-1950s, ACUE was receiving roughly US$1,000,000 per year) to organizations supporting European federalism such as the Council of Europe, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the proposed European Defence Community. An article in "The Daily Telegraph" in September 2000 noted, "The State Department also played a role. A memo from the European section, dated June 11, 1965, advises the vice-president of the European Economic Community, Robert Marjolin, to pursue monetary union by stealth. It recommends suppressing debate until the point at which 'adoption of such proposals would become virtually inescapable'."