As previously alluded to, there is a great deal of variation within the study of mindsets. This variation includes how to define, measure, and conceptualize a mindset as well as the types of mindset identified. Even amongst scholars within the same disciple studying the same mindset, substantial variations exist (French, 2016). Nevertheless, any discussion of mindset should include recognition concerning the numerous, varied, and growing number of mindsets and mindset theories that receive attention in multiple disciplines throughout the academy. Mindset Theory, as based on the cultural values defined by Sagiv and Schwarts, explains the nature, functions, and variables that make up the characteristics of personality. The mindscape theory and cultural values outlined by Sagive and Schwarts combine to make a more comprehensive whole of Mindset Agency Theory. mindset space table of mindsets  Similar to the MBTI, the mindscapes of Maruyama seek to measure individuals on a scale of characteristics and placed into four categories of personalities that make up the population of the world. Each contain differing views toward information, perception, logic, and ethics. Hierarchical Bureaucrats generally view the world as having natural order with competition and consequences much like natural selection. Independent Princes view the world as random, individualistic, and chaotic with a natural decay that is inevitable. Social Reformers view the world as a balance that can be maintained by symbiosis between everything. Generative Revolutionaries view the world as potential for growth through interaction and symbiosis; change is encouraged. Sagiv and Schwarts explained that there were three bi-polar dimensions to culture based on values. These dimensions contain opposites in the realms of cognitive, figurative, and operative values. Cognitive: Embeddedness or Autonomy. Figurative: Mastery or Harmony. Operative: Hierarchy or Egalitarian. According to Carol Dweck, individuals can be placed on a continuum according to their implicit views of "where ability comes from". Dweck states that there are two categories (growth mindset versus fixed mindset) that can group individuals based on their behaviour, specifically their reaction to failure. Those with a "fixed mindset" believe that abilities are mostly innate and interpret failure as the lack of necessary basic abilities, while those with a "growth mindset" believe that they can acquire any given ability provided they invest effort or study. In particular, an individual's mindset impacts how they face and cope with challenges, such as the transition into junior high school from elementary school or losing your job. According to Dweck, individuals with a "growth" mindset are more likely to continue working hard despite setbacks.