Elizabeth Cascio  Elizabeth Cascio is an applied economist and currently Associate Professor of Economics at Dartmouth College. Her research interests are in labor economics and public economics, and focus on the economic impact of policies affecting education in the United States. She is also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a Research Associate at the IZA Institute of Labor Economics, and Co-editor of the "Journal of Human Resources." Elizabeth Cascio earned a BA in Economics from Franklin & Marshall College in 1997, and her PhD in 2003 from the University of California at Berkeley. She was a professor at the University of California at Davis from 2003 through 2006, when she joined the Dartmouth College faculty. Elizabeth U. Cascio is an economist who specializes in the historical analysis around social policies and education for children in the 20th century. Her research includes the socioeconomic ramifications of the civil rights movement in the 1970s, the inflow of immigrants into public schools in the 1970s, the impact of tchanging investments in education for young children in the 20th century, and the fracking boom in the 21st century. Her overall research focus is how policies benefit or harm the educational school system in the United States by analyzing them through a historical perspective. Her paper comparing targeted with universal preschool programs was named one of the most important economics studies in 2017.She has argued for replacing existing federal child care tax policies with a single refundable federal child care tax credit that is more generous to lower-income families and families with younger children. She has also proposed investments in childcare quality-rating systems and expansion of universal preschool for 4-year-olds. One of the earliest papers written by Elizabeth is a paper that explores the correlation between education and AFQT tests. The AFQT stands for the Armed Forces Qualification Test and it serves as a test to determine the placement of soldiers into specific categories during the first world war. In her paper, Elizabeth U. Cascio along with economist Ethan G. Lewis use the AFQT as a measure by gathering statistics from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to determine the idea of nurture in schools. This paper tests the development of youth based on the scores they get on the AFQT to determine whether education has a direct correlation to different factors. Highlighted in this paper is the difference between the scores of people of colour or minorities and the majority culture. The paper attempts to identify if there are underlying connections between AFQT scores versus the type of education that minorities are receiving and the way they’re being nurtured by society’s standards .