Fatalities associated with "Myrmecia" stings are well known, and have been attested to by multiple sources. In 1931 two adults and an infant girl from New South Wales died from ant stings, possibly from "M. pilosula" or "M. pyriformis". Another fatality was reported in 1963 in Tasmania. Between 1980 and 2000, there were six recorded deaths, five in Tasmania and one in New South Wales. Four of these deaths were due to "M. pilosula", while the remaining two died from a "M. pyriformis" sting. Half of the victims had known ant-sting allergies, but only one of the victims was carrying adrenaline before being stung. Most victims died within 20 minutes of being stung, but one of the victims died in just five minutes from a "M. pyriformis" sting. No death has been officially recorded since 2003, but "M. pilosula" may have been responsible for the death of a man from Bunbury in 2011. Prior to the establishment of a desensitisation program, "Myrmecia" stings caused one fatality every four years. Each "Myrmecia" species has different venom components, so people who are allergic to ants are advised to stay away from "Myrmecia", especially from species they have never encountered before. Based on five species, the median lethal dose (LD50) is 0.18–0.35 mg/kg, making it among the most toxic venoms in the insect world. The toxicity of the venom may have evolved due to the intense predation by animals and birds during the day, since "Myrmecia" is primarily diurnal. In Tasmania, 2–3% of the human population is allergic to "M. pilosula" venom. In comparison, only 1.6% people are allergic to the venom of the western honeybee ("Apis mellifera"), and 0.6% to the venom of the European wasp ("Vespula germanica"). In a 2011 Australian ant-venom allergy study, the objective of which was to determine what native Australian ants were associated with ant sting anaphylaxis, 265 of the 376 participants in the study reacted to the sting of several "Myrmecia" species. Of these, the majority of patients (176) reacted to "M. pilosula" venom and to those of several other species.