In 1990, Al-Azhar University succeeded in having banned Farag Foda's book "To Be or Not to Be". Foda was an outspoken critic of the repression by Islamic authorities in Egypt. Those authorities orchestrated a vicious campaign of lies to discredit and ruin Foda but Foda persisted in his criticism. On 3 June 1992, a group of "scholars" at Al-Azhar issued a communiqué which accused Foda of blasphemy. Five days later, two assassins from the group "al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya" shot Foda dead and wounded his son and several bystanders. Al-Azhar's Sheikh Muhammad al Ghazali had previously declared Foda an apostate, and said that Islamic law justified his killing. "Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya" accepted responsibility for the murder. The group declared, “Al-Azhar issued the sentence and we carried out the execution.” In 1959, officials at Al-Azhar University succeeded in having banned from Egypt "Children of Gebelawi", a novel by Naguib Mahfouz, an Egyptian writer. The officials said the novel was blasphemous. In 1994, Islamic extremists attacked the 82-year-old, Nobel Prize-winning Mahfouz outside his Cairo home. The attackers stabbed Mahfouz in the neck. He survived but with permanent damage to the nerves in his right arm. Mafouz's novel was not published again in Egypt until 2006, the year of Mafouz's death.