Kanshi (poetry)  The earliest collection of "kanshi" was the "Kaifūsō", compiled in 751. The "Kaifūsō" was also one of the earliest works of Japanese literature, and according to Judith Rabinovitch and Timothy Bradstock, it was a collection of occasional verse spanning from 672-751. The compiler of the "Kaifūsō" may have been Omi no Mifune, Isonokami no Yakatsugu, or Prince Shirakabe and Fujiwara no Satsuo. Three imperial collections of "kanshi" were compiled during the 9th century: the "Ryōunshū" of 814, the "Bunka Shūreishū" of 818, and the "Keikokushū" of 827. Indeed, "kanshi" was accorded a higher place than the native waka form until the Kokin Wakashū collection was published in 905. Even before the early Heian period, the word "shi" (詩) meaning "poetry" was automatically understood to refer to "kanshi", while the character 歌 ("ka"/"uta") of "waka" 和歌 referred to Japanese poetry proper. The "Shi Jing", great Chinese poets of the Six Dynasties and Tang dynasty, such as Bai Juyi and others influenced the Japanese "kanshi" poets of the time, and when the Japanese met foreign diplomats of the time, they communicated in Chinese writing. Some went to China for study or diplomatic relations, and learned under Chinese poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu. Important "kanshi" poets of the Heian period included Kūkai, who learned to speak Chinese fluently during his time studying in China, Sugawara no Michizane, who did not study in China, but had a good understanding of Chinese, and Shimada no Tadaomi, among many others. Emperor Saga was a notable "kanshi" poet, who even ordered the compilation of 3 anthologies of "kanshi", the first three imperial anthologies. Also noteworthy are private collections of Chinese poetry. One such collection combined both "kanshi" and "waka": cf. the "Wakan rōeishū". "Kanshi" composition is not limited to Medieval Japan. During the Edo period and the early Meiji period many or 'men of letters' schooled in the philosophy of Neo-Confucianism composed "kanshi".