Byrd v. United States  Byrd v. United States, 584 U.S. ___ (2018), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held drivers of rental cars have rights protecting them from unconstitutional searches by police, even if they are not listed on the rental agreement. In mid-2014 Terrance Byrd was driving a rental car along a Pennsylvania highway. The car had been rented by his long-time girlfriend and driven with her consent, though Byrd's name was not listed as an authorized driver of the car on the rental agreement. A state trooper, David Long, pulled Byrd over for a small traffic violation, and Byrd's mannerisms raised Long's suspicions; further checks of Byrd's history revealed past criminal convictions and an arrest warrant in New Jersey. As Byrd was not listed on the rental agreement, Long initiated a search of the car without Byrd's consent and found several pounds of heroin and body armor in the trunk. Byrd was arrested and tried on federal drug charges in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. Byrd's lawyers attempted to have the search of the car dismissed as evidence, as it violated Byrd's rights against unreasonable searches under the Fourth Amendment defined under the motor vehicle exception, but the judge refused to clear this, since by the rental contract, Byrd was not an authorized driver and did not have this right. Byrd pleaded guilty to the charges but leaving the option to appeal the conviction. He was convicted to ten years in prison. Byrd's lawyers appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, which was heard and reviewed in late 2016. The Third Circuit acknowledged there was a split among the Circuit Courts as the right of privacy related to rental cars, and previous cases within the Third Circuit had ruled that such drivers do not have expectations of privacy. The Third Circuit upheld the District Court's decision on this basis. Byrd's lawyers submitted a petition for writ of certiorari with the Supreme Court in March 2017. The petition focused on the question that while there is a well-established expectation of privacy for a driver of a car, is that expectation nullified in the case of a rental car where the driver is not on the rental contract. The Court agreed the hear the case in September 2017. Oral arguments were heard on January 9, 2018; oral arguments in another Fourth Amendment case relating to vehicles and rights to privacy, "Collins v. Virginia", was heard the same day. The Supreme Court issued its ruling on May 14, 2018.