The technique of making inanimate objects, such as toys, come to life ("Little Ida's Flowers") would later also be used by Lewis Carroll and Beatrix Potter. In Gilbert and Sullivan's Savoy Opera "Iolanthe", the Lord Chancellor mocks the Fairy Queen with a reference to Andersen, thereby implying that her claims are fictional: It seems that she's a fairy From Andersen's library, And I took her for The proprietor Of a Ladies' Seminary! In Stephen Sondheim's "A Little Night Music", the middle-aged Frederik contemplates reading erotic literature to his young, virginal bride in order to seduce her, but concludes: "Her taste is much blander / I'm sorry to say / But is Hans Christian Ander- / Sen ever risqué?" Titles like "The Ugly Duckling" and "The Emperor's New Clothes" have become idiomatic in several languages. Andersen's fairy tales include: