Although various chronicle accounts differ greatly and have many contradictions among them, they all agree that Nawrahta's independent reign of Lan Na was at peace for at most two years between 1597 and 1599. From 1599 onward, he had to deal with two major foreign-backed rebellions in Nan (by Lan Xang) and in Chiang Rai/Chiang Saen (by Siam). He twice survived Lan Xang's sieges of Chiang Mai (1599 and 1602–1603). Despite his best efforts to stay independent, according to Siamese and Burmese chronicles, he became a vassal of Siam. "Ayutthaya" does not give an actual date as to when the submission took place—only that it happened some time after 1600/01. Given that according to "Chiang Mai", Siam-backed Chiang Rai was still in active rebellion in 1601/02, Ekathotsarot's expedition likely took place around the same time, probably in the dry season of 1601–1602. Nawrahta avoided submission as long as he could but eventually gave in, probably c. 1602. This submission may have triggered Lan Xang's 1602–1603 invasion. By late 1603, Nawrahta had regained control of all of Lan Na, albeit as a vassal of Siam. Its eastern flank was now quiet as the new regime in Vientiane abandoned Lan Xang's designs on Lan Na. But just as one threat ended, a new potential threat arrived in the north. In November 1603, Nyaungyan, one of Nawrahta's many half brothers, invaded Mone, the Shan state immediately north of Lan Na, and had acquired the major Shan state and its tributary nearby minor states by March 1604. Siam viewed this as a direct threat to Lan Na. Naresuan and the Siamese army arrived at Lan Na in the dry season of 1604–1605. But the invasion never took place as the Siamese king fell ill and died in April 1605. Nawrahta seemed to have paid tribute to Naresuan's successor Ekathotsarot. The feared invasion from Burma did not come. In all, Lan Na during his last years from May 1603 onward seemed to have been relatively peaceful even if the specter of war was ever present. Nawrahta Minsaw died in late 1607/early 1608, having ruled for 28 years.