His published works include "Gray Stories" (灰故事), "Bird Saw Me" (鸟看见我了), and "Cat and Mouse" (猫和老鼠). Born in 1986, Sun Yisheng, who writes post-modern crime fiction under the pen name William Edward, is one of youngest crime writers to have been published in mainland China. He has had at least two short stories translated into English, the first in "Chutzpah!" magazine and the second, entitled "The Shades who Periscope Through Flowers to the Sky", in the online literary journal Words Without Borders. In Hong Kong, literature writing has long been influenced by both the culture and social backgrounds from China and the Western world. Hence, its crime fiction has incorporated many distinguishing characteristics of all kinds of different crime literatures, depending on the political stance of the majority in Hong Kong and the specific era. In the 1950s, many non-leftist writers decided to reside in Hong Kong to avoid the political stance of the newly established People’s Republic of China. The literature created at that time mainly focuses on anti-PRC, nostalgic and romantic topics. Crime fictions such as Immature, Obscene Society (半下流社会) written by Zhao Zifan (赵滋蕃) were created. The first Chinese fiction in Taiwan came out during the period of Japanese occupation, the Showa era in Japan. Before then, most of Chinese fiction was reprinted from Mainland China and it was difficult to find an author from Taiwan. However, this kind of situation has gradually improved since the Taiwan People News (臺灣民報) was first published. The first Chinese crime fiction written by Taiwanese writer Li Yitao (李逸濤) in 1909 was about a detective story called Deep Hatred (恨海), published by "Kanbun Taiwan nichinichi shinpō" (漢文臺灣日日新報), but the work has not been finished yet. Qiu Xiaolong was a significant contributor to English-language Chinese crime fiction in the United States. He was born in Shanghai, but following the Tiananmen Square Protests he decided to remain in the US. Throughout his career he published nine crime-thriller/mystery novels.