Castellammarese War  The Castellammarese War was a bloody power struggle for control of the Italian-American Mafia that took place in New York City from February 1930 to April 15, 1931, between partisans of Joe "The Boss" Masseria and those of Salvatore Maranzano. The war's namesake was derived from the Sicilian town of Castellammare del Golfo, the birthplace of Maranzano. Maranzano's faction won, divided New York City's crime families into the Five Families, and declared himself "capo di tutti capi" ("boss of all bosses"). However, he was soon murdered in September 1931, on orders of Lucky Luciano, who established a power-sharing arrangement called "The Commission", a group of Mafia families of equal stature, to avoid such wars in the future. In the 1920s, Mafia operations in the U.S. were controlled by Giuseppe "Joe The Boss" Masseria, whose faction consisted mainly of gangsters from Sicily and the Calabria and Campania regions of Southern Italy. Masseria's faction included Charles "Lucky" Luciano, Albert "Mad Hatter" Anastasia, Vito Genovese, Alfred Mineo, Willie Moretti, Joe Adonis, and Frank Costello. However, powerful Sicilian "mafioso" Don Vito Ferro decided to make a bid for control of Mafia operations. From his base in Castellammare del Golfo, he sent Salvatore Maranzano to seize control. The Castellammarese faction in the U.S. included Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno, Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino, Joseph Profaci, and Joe Aiello. As it became more and more evident that the two factions would clash for leadership of the Mafia, they each sought to recruit more followers to support them. Outwardly, the Castellammarese War was between the forces of Masseria and Maranzano. Underneath, however, there was also a generational conflict between the old guard Sicilian leadership known as the "Mustache Petes" for their long mustaches and old-world ways, such as refusing to do business with non-Italians and the "Young Turks", a younger and more diverse Italian-American group, who unlike the "Mustache Petes" had grown up in the United States, who were more forward in their thinking and willing to work with non-Italians.