Ruddy shelduck  The ruddy shelduck ("Tadorna ferruginea"), known in India as the Brahminy duck, is a member of the family Anatidae. It is a distinctive waterfowl, in length with a wingspan of . It has orange-brown body plumage with a paler head, while the tail and the flight feathers in the wings are black, contrasting with the white wing-coverts. It is a migratory bird, wintering in the Indian subcontinent and breeding in southeastern Europe and central Asia, though there are small resident populations in North Africa. It has a loud honking call. The ruddy shelduck mostly inhabits inland water-bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and rivers. The male and female form a lasting pair bond and the nest may be well away from water, in a crevice or hole in a cliff, tree or similar site. A clutch of about eight eggs is laid and is incubated solely by the female for about four weeks. The young are cared for by both parents and fledge about eight weeks after hatching. In central and eastern Asia, populations are steady or rising, but in Europe they are generally in decline. Altogether, the birds have a wide range and large total population, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed their conservation status as being of "least concern". The ruddy shelduck ("Tadorna ferruginea") is a member of the shelduck genus "Tadorna"; in the wildfowl family Anatidae. The bird was first described in 1764 by the German zoologist and botanist Peter Simon Pallas who named it "Anas ferruginea", but later it was transferred to the genus "Tadorna" with the other shelducks. Some authorities place it in the genus "Casarca" along with the South African shelduck ("T. cana"), the Australian shelduck ("T. tadornoides") and the Paradise shelduck ("T. variegata"). Phylogenetic analysis shows that it is most closely related to the South African shelduck. In captivity, the ruddy shelduck has been known to hybridise with several other members of "Tadorna", with several members of the dabbling duck genus "Anas", and with the Egyptian goose ("Alopochen aegyptiaca"). No subspecies are recognised. The genus name "Tadorna" comes from the French "tadorne", the common shelduck, and may originally derive from a Celtic word meaning "pied waterfowl".