Another case of kleptoparasitism by a Verreaux's eagle involved one stealing some carrion from a lammergeier ("Gypaetus barbatus"). Verreaux's eagles occasionally prey on other large raptors including vultures, including white-headed vulture ("Trigonoceps occipitalis"), white-backed vulture ("Gyps africanus") and Cape vulture ("Gyps coprotheres"), though the earlier cases probably refer to nestling or juvenile predation and the latter to nest defense on the part of the eagles. An apparent predation attempt on a full grown juvenile Rüppell's griffon ("Gyps rueppellii") was abortive. A unique opportunity to study Verreaux's eagle living with its closest extant cousin, the golden eagle, has been afforded in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. The two species, with similar habitat preferences, were observed to defend their territories from one another exclusively, with many cases of goldens chasing Verreaux's eagles out of their respective territories in flight and only one of Verreaux's chasing the goldens. However, since the golden eagles prefer hares and Verreaux prefers rock hyraxes, they actually seem to have no deleterious effect on each other's breeding activities. African hawk-eagles ("Aquila spilogaster") may also take a few hyraxes, but are likely to avoid direct conflicts with their much larger cousins, so will tawny eagles ("Aquila rapax"). Other predators of rock hyrax may include felids like African wildcats ("Felis silvestris lybica"), servals ("Leptailurus serval"), caracals ("Caracal caracal") and leopards ("Panthera pardus") as well as jackals ("Canis" ssp.), African rock pythons ("Python sebae") and owls (mainly the large Verreaux's eagle-owl ("Bubo lacteus") or possibly the Cape eagle-owl ("B. capensis")). Neonate rock hyraxes may fall prey to mongooses and venomous snakes like Egyptian cobras ("Naja haje") and puff adders ("Bitis arietans"). Due to the formidable range of competitors it pays for Verreaux's eagle to be cautious from the moment it bears down on its prey. Cases where pirating has been attempted has involved diverse carnivores like caracals and jackals.