"The Anime Movie Guide", published in 1997, defines as the initial sound of hentai (i.e., the name of the letter "H", as pronounced in Japanese); it included that ecchi was "milder than hentai". A year later it was defined as a genre in "Good Vibrations Guide to Sex". At the beginning of 2000, "hentai" was listed as the 41st most-popular search term of the internet, while "anime" ranked 99th. The attribution has been applied retroactively to works such as "Urotsukidōji", "La Blue Girl", and "Cool Devices". "Urotsukidōji" had previously been described with terms such as "Japornimation", and "erotic grotesque", prior to being identified as hentai. The history of the word "hentai" has its origins in science and psychology. By the middle of the Meiji era, the term appeared in publications to describe unusual or abnormal traits, including paranormal abilities and psychological disorders. A translation of German sexologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing's text "Psychopathia Sexualis" originated the concept of "hentai seiyoku", as a "perverse or abnormal sexual desire". Though it was popularized outside psychology, as in the case of Mori Ōgai's 1909 novel "Vita Sexualis". Continued interest in "hentai seiyoku" resulted in numerous journals and publications on sexual advice which circulated in the public, served to establish the sexual connotation of "hentai" as perverse. Any perverse or abnormal act could be hentai, such as committing "shinjū" (love suicide). It was Nakamura Kokyo's journal "Abnormal Psychology" which started the popular sexology boom in Japan which would see the rise of other popular journals like "Sexuality and Human Nature", "Sex Research" and "Sex". Originally, Tanaka Kogai wrote articles for "Abnormal Psychology", but it would be Tanaka's own journal "Modern Sexuality" which would become one of the most popular sources of information about erotic and neurotic expression. "Modern Sexuality" was created to promote fetishism, S&M, and necrophilia as a facet of modern life. The ero-guro movement and depiction of perverse, abnormal and often erotic undertones were a response to interest in "hentai seiyoku". Following World War II, Japan took a new interest in sexualization and public sexuality.