Nordenskiöld Archipelago  The Nordenskiöld Archipelago or Nordenskjold Archipelago () is a large and complex cluster of islands in the eastern region of the Kara Sea. Its eastern limit lies west of the Taymyr Peninsula. There are about 90 cold, windswept and desolate islands in this archipelago. These are mainly formed by igneous rocks and are covered with tundra vegetation. Except for two polar stations, one which was permanent in Russky Island between 1935 and 1999 and a temporary one in Tyrtov Island (Tyrtova) (1940-1975), there is no permanent human presence in any island of the archipelago. The Nordenskiöld Archipelago stretches for almost from west to east and about from north to south in the Kara Sea, off the Siberian shores, where there are large coastal islands around Taymyr Island. The average elevation of the islands is relatively low. The highest point of the archipelago (107 m) is located in Chabak, one of the islands of the Vilkitsky subgroup. Some of the islands have wetlands. The climate in the Nordenskiöld Archipelago is Arctic and severe. The sea surrounding the multitude of island groups is covered with fast ice in the winter and it is obstructed by pack ice even in the summer, which lasts only about two months in a normal year. This island group belongs to the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of Russia. The Nordenskiöld Archipelago has been divided for geographical purposes into groups. The main ones are from west to east: The Tsivolko Islands (острова Циволько; "Ostrova Tsivolko") is the westernmost group. The Vilkitsky Islands (острова Вилькицкого), also known as 'Dzhekman Islands' , located north of the Matisen Strait. The Pakhtusov Islands (острова Пахтусова; "Ostrova Pakhtusova") , located south of the Lenin Strait. The Litke Islands (острова Литке; "Ostrova Litke"), .