165 series  The was an express electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1963 by Japanese National Railways (JNR). During the early 1960s, the Chūō Main Line and Shinetsu Line were electrified, requiring new EMUs for the express services. New powerful trains were required, as the earlier 153 series trains were designed for operation in flat, warm areas. A number of 165 series trains were converted for use as Joyful Train sets including the following. Nine withdrawn 165 series cars were sold to the Chichibu Railway in 1992 and converted to become Chichibu Railway 3000 series 3-car sets for use on express services.