It is also essential to find foods that can be eaten raw because it is thought that cooking would denature the proteins. Because of this, bananas and tomatoes have become top viable options. While bananas are productionally inexpensive and native in many underdeveloped nations, tomatoes have the ability to preserve healing processes because they are immune to thermal process; this makes them great for HIV antigens. They are an ideal crop because they contain beta-amyloid. Even though crops seem optimal, it is also necessary to look at the by-products. For example, tobacco has been found to be good for recombinant protein production, it is unsuitable for vaccine production because the plant also produces toxic compounds. Additionally, potatoes have been a main focus for edible vaccines, so much so that clinical trials using potatoes has already began. Presently, there are edible vaccines for measles, cholera, foot and mouth disease, and hepatitis B, C, & E. However, even though there are edible vaccines, they are predominately tested in the animal testing and in development phases, with some human clinical trials being conducted. As mentioned above, the human trials have revolved around potatoes. In one cholera study, adults were given transgenic potatoes with various LT-B amounts in order to see how their IgA anti-LT and IgA anti LT amounts changed. Furthermore, they are in phase II on a potato vaccine booster for hepatitis B. Hepatitis B surface antigens were expressed in the potatoes and were given to already vaccinated patients. It was then observed if an immune response occurred. 95% of the volunteers had some form of an immune response, and 62.5% showed an increase in anti-HBsAg titers. From these studies, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease has supported that edible vaccines can safely trigger an immune response, however, it is also known that they are far from being able to begin large scale human testing for autoimmunity and infectious diseases. Many animal studies have already been developed. For example, experimental animals were given transgenic bananas with anti-hemagglutination specific antibodies to combat measles. It was found that the bananas did initiate an immune response. Moreover, mice trials have started as a method to treat Alzheimer's using tomatoes that have undergone agrobacterium mediated nuclear transformation. Additionally, rabbits were orally immunized with an edible vaccine for bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, and there was a positive response. While those were two specific studies, generally speaking, research using mice models are being conducted to treat cholera and type 1 diabetes.