In Sweden, harvest failures are recorded between 1601–1603, with a rainy spring in 1601 reportedly leading to famine. Famine ensued there and in Denmark and Norway during 1602–1603 as well. Finland saw one of the worst barley and rye harvests, and crop yields continued to be poor for some years to follow, accompanied by a colder climate there. It is likely that the 1601 crop failure was among the worst in Finland's history, and it led to changes in the social structure of Ostrobothnia. 1601 was called a "green year" in Sweden and a "straw year" or "year of extensive frosts" in Finland. Ice cores in the Russian Altai Mountains noted a strong cooling around 1601, with tree ring data also recording a cooling of . Cooling was also noted in tree rings of the Kola Peninsula. The summer 1601 was wet, and the winter 1601–1602 was severe. In 1601–1603 the eruption led to a famine after crops failed in 1601 and 1602; this is considered to be the worst famine of Russian history and claimed about two million lives, a third of the country's population. The tzar Boris Godunov was overthrown in part owing to the social impacts of the famine, and the time of social unrest known as the Time of Troubles began. This social unrest eventually led to a change in the ruling dynasty and interventions from Sweden and Poland. Before the Huaynaputina eruption in 1591–1596, severe droughts in Anatolia caused harvest failures. The extremely cold winters that followed, associated with Huaynaputina's eruption and an eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in 1595, caused epizootics that killed large amounts of livestock in Anatolia, Crimea and the Balkans. This weakened the Ottoman Empire just as it was conducting the Long Turkish War and appears to have contributed to the onset of the Celali rebellions in Anatolia. Chronicles during the reign of Emperor Wanli from northern China mention severe frosts in 1601 and frequently cold weather, including snowfall in Huai'an County and Hebei and severe frost in Gansu, Shanxi and Hebei during summer. The frosts destroyed crops, causing famines severe enough that cannibalism took place. Epidemics in Shanxi and Shaanxi have also been linked to Huaynaputina. The cold snap was apparently limited to 1601, as there are no reports of extremely cold weather in the subsequent years.