Artist Kumada Poohsuke has stated that while he does not find the term offensive, he does not describe his work as "bara" because he associates the term with "Barazoku", which featured "bishōnen"-style artwork rather than artwork of masculine men. Today, "bara" is often used flexibly as an umbrella term to describe a wide variety of Japanese and non-Japanese gay media featuring masculine men, including western fan art, gay pornography, furry artwork, and numerous other categories. Contemporary gay manga traces its origins to "Bara-Komi", a 1986 supplemental issue of "Barazoku". While erotic art accompanied by text had previously appeared in gay interest magazines – notably in the private circulation magazines (1952) and "Bara" (1964), the former of which was the first gay magazine in Japan – "Bara-Komi" was the first magazine to publish gay manga exclusively. Despite its relatively recent emergence as an art form, gay manga belongs to a history of homosexuality in Japanese visual art dating back to shunga of the Edo period. Gengoroh Tagame cites the fetish magazine (1960–1974), which published gay content alongside straight and lesbian content, as a major influence on gay manga. Early gay erotic artists Tatsuji Okawa, Sanshi Funayama, Mishima Go and Go Hirano made their debuts in "Fuzokukitan", alongside unauthorized reproductions of art by George Quaintance, Tom of Finland, and from beefcake magazines such as "Physique Pictorial". Homoerotic photography has also been credited as influencing the genre, with Tamotsu Yatō and Haga Kuro mentioned by Tagame in particular. Multiple magazines that published gay erotic art were founded as gay publishing proliferated in the 1970s and 1980s, including , , "MLMW", , "Samson", and "SM-Z". As gay magazines shifted towards lifestyle content, magazines would often center their erotic content around specific themes or fetishes, such as salarymen or chubby chasers. The art of this period, typified by Sadao Hasegawa, Junichi Yamakawa and Ben Kimura, is noted for its realism and optimism, and for depicting modern rather than historical scenarios. By the 1990s, magazines such as "Badi" and "G-men" included editorial coverage of gay pride, club culture, and HIV/AIDS-related topics in addition to gay manga. In contrast to the erotica of "Barazoku", gay manga published in "G-men" was more explicitly pornographic.