Manny Farber  Emanuel "Manny" Farber (February 20, 1917 – 18 August 2008) was an American painter, film critic and writer. Often described as "iconoclastic", Farber developed a distinctive prose style and set of theoretical stances which have had a large influence on later generations of film critics, influence on underground culture; Susan Sontag considered him to be "the liveliest, smartest, most original film critic this country has ever produced." Farber's writing was distinguished by its "visceral," punchy style and inventive approach towards language; amongst other things, he is credited with coining the term "underground film" in a 1957, and was an early advocate of such filmmakers as Howard Hawks, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, William Wellman, Raoul Walsh, Anthony Mann, Michael Snow, Chantal Akerman, George Kuchar and Andy Warhol. Farber's painting, which was often influenced by his favorite filmmakers, is held in equally high regard; he was dubbed the greatest still life painter of his generation by "The New York Times". Later in life, Farber focused more on art and teaching. He often worked in close collaboration with his wife, Patricia Patterson, also an artist. Manny Farber was born in Douglas, Arizona, the youngest of three brothers. His two older siblings, David and Leslie H. Farber, both became psychiatrists. Farber attended UC Berkeley, Stanford University and the Rudolph Schaeffer School of Design. In the 1930s, Farber worked as a painter and carpenter, first in San Francisco and then in Washington DC. During this time, he attempted to join the Communist Party, though later in his life Farber was often critical of post-New Deal liberal politics. His journalistic career began as an art critic, and in 1942 he moved to New York City and took a post as a film critic for "The New Republic". This was followed by stints at "Time" (1949), "The Nation" (1949–54), "New Leader" (1958–59), "Cavalier" (1966) and "Artforum" (1967–71). He has also contributed to "Commentary", "Film Culture", "Film Comment", and "City Magazine". He contributed art criticism to "The New Republic" and "The Nation" during the 1940s through 1950s. Farber left New York City to teach at the University of California, San Diego in 1970.