The contrastive presence of rounded vowels beyond the first syllable, atypical of Uralic languages in general, is also found in both Finnic and Samic (and again also Samoyedic). This too has been argued to represent later contact influence, on the basis of comparisons such as F. : S. "maternal uncle", where the exclusively Finnic development > appears to have been loaned into Samic. There is also considerable disagreement between the languages (both between the two families, and within them) in whether certain words contain a rounded vowel. The loss of initial before a short rounded vowel has also been proposed as a common innovation, but with counterexamples such as Estonian "võtta-" "to take" (with preserved as its regular reflex due to the development > ) suggesting a date postdating not only the split between Finnic and Samic, but also of northern and southern Finnic (cf. Finnish "otta-"). (A complementary epenthesis of *w before initial "long" rounded vowels is accepted to not represent common inheritance, as it occurs also before long vowels resulting from the exclusively Samic development > . )  For morphological features common to Samic and Finnic formerly thought to represent Finno-Samic innovations, explanations have likewise been offered either of common Uralic inheritance or of independent innovation. Approximately 600 native word roots are shared by the Finnic and Samic languages, of which approximately 100 lack cognates in the other Uralic languages. The high number of Finnic loanwords in Samic makes exact analysis however difficult, and old loanwords from Samic to Finnic may also be involved, especially in light of approximately a third of these words being absent also from the more southern Finnic languages (Estonian, Livonian and Votic). These numbers can be contrasted with ca. 40 word roots exclusive to Finnic and Mordvinic, 12 word roots exclusive to Samic and Mordvinic, and 22 word roots exclusive to all three. Additionally a large number of early loanwords from the Germanic languages, and a small number from the Baltic languages, are found in both Finnic and Samic. Such words cannot however provide clear evidence for a Finno-Samic grouping, as the possibility remains that these have been acquired separately by early Finnic and early Samic, after their initial separation but prior to the development of their most distinctive features. The Sami have a lot of close relatives as far to the east as the Kirov Oblast.