Only Cleveland (17,034), Brooklyn–Ohio City (6,275), East Cleveland (2,313), and Bedford (1,953) were larger population centers. The vast majority of workers in Newburgh Township were agricultural laborers, with a few individuals employed in ways that supported agriculture: blacksmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, and wagon makers. The agricultural economy of Newburgh Township was limited as most farms were small (no more than in size) and numerous dry ravines cut across the arable land. Most families engaged in subsistence farming. Non-agricultural businesses in the township were few in number. Although the Village of Newburgh added a tavern and a sawmill in the 1840s, it still had no hotel or boarding house. 1850 was the same year that Theodore Miles, son of an original pioneer settler of Newburgh Township, donated land east of Broadway Avenue, about equidistant between Harvard and Miles Avenues, for a village square. Cuyahoga County surveyor Ahaz Merchant platted a public square and village around this piece of property. In 1852, the state of Ohio constructed the Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum on what is now Turney Road between Warner Road and Vineyard Avenue, adjacent to the current neighborhood's western border. Later known as Newburgh State Hospital and still later as the Cleveland State Hospital, it burned to the ground in 1872, after which a larger, secure building was constructed. The grounds adjacent to Mill Creek were sold to the city to add to Garfield Park in 1896. The hospital, notoriously overcrowded and wracked by repeated abuse scandals, closed in 1975 and was demolished in the fall of 1994. The Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railroad (C&MV) began laying its tracks through Newburgh Township in 1853. The railroad began in a yard that stretched along the Old Ship Channel of the Cuyahoga River in the Ohio City neighborhood of Cleveland. It cut across the peninsula (paralleling Mulberry Avenue), then briefly ran along the Cuyahoga River. It cut overland to the southeast to avoid the Scranton Flats and Wheeling Bend, crossing the Cuyahoga just north of Kingsbury Run. The tracks then ran parallel to and east of Broadway Avenue, shifting to an east-southeast direction about E. 55th Street. After crossing the tracks of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, the C&MV turned sharply southward. Before reaching Hamilton Avenue (now called Harvard Avenue), the tracks shifted southeast again, largely paralleling Harvard Avenue, Caine Avenue, and Miles Avenue before leaving the township.