Indigenous Australian self-determination  Indigenous Australian self-determination, also known as Aboriginal self-determination, is the power relating to self-governance by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. It is the right of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to determine their own political status and pursue their own economic, social and cultural interests. Self-determination asserts that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples should direct and implement Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander policy formulation and provision of services. Self-determination encompasses both Aboriginal land rights and self-governance. From the 1970s to 1990s, the Australian government supported aboriginal groups moving from large settlements in remote areas back to outstation communities in formerly traditional lands. Also from the early 1970s, aboriginal communities began running their own health services, legal services, and housing cooperatives. During this period, the Whitlam Government changed Australian Indigenous policy significantly by moving away from cultural assimilation and towards self-determination. The Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI) was founded in 1957 as a non-governmental organization to advance Aboriginal rights, composed of various member organisations. The Department of Aboriginal Affairs was founded by the Whitlam Government to replace the government agencies responsible for Indigenous affairs, the Council for Aboriginal Affairs, and the Office of Aboriginal Affairs, while also providing a route for self-determination by employing Indigneous Australians. The National Aboriginal Consultative Committee (NACC) was the first elected body representing Indigenous Australians on the national level, having been established by the Whitlam Government in 1972. It was composed of 36 representatives elected by Aboriginal people in 36 regions of Australia. In 1983, the elections reached a turnout of approximately 78%. However, the organisation was marred by friction with the Department of Aboriginal Affairs, while internally lacking coherence. Following a review in 1976, the NACC was abolished by the new Fraser Government in 1977. To replace it, the National Aboriginal Conference (NAC) was founded. Following the election of the Hawke Government in 1983, two reports were commissioned into a replacement of the NAC. The O'Donoghue report argued that the NAC did not effectively represent its constituents or advocate specific policies. The Coombs report made the case for an organisation with representation of regions and existing indigenous organisations. To respond to these recommendations, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission was founded in 1989. Following allegations of corruption, it was abolished by the Howard Government in 2004. The Aboriginal Provisional Government has campaigned for Aboriginal sovereignty in Australia, and is headed by an Elders Council.