Following the tournament, Zoet went on to make 12 appearances for the Netherlands U19 side. In August 2010, Zoet was called up to the Netherlands U21 for the first time. He made his Netherlands U21 debut, several days later on 2 September 2010, starting the whole game, in a 2–1 loss against Spain U21. For the rest of 2011, Zoet kept three clean sheets in a row, although during the third match, he was sent–off in the 61st minutes, in a 1–0 win against Austria U21. Throughout 2012, Zoet kept four clean sheets for the U21 side that saw them qualify for the UEFA European Under-21 Championship in Switzerland. After being called up to the UEFA European Under-21 Championship squad, Zoet started as the first choice goalkeeper. He started three times in the tournament before losing to Italy U21 in the semi–final. Following the end of the tournament, Zoet went on to make twenty–one appearances for the U21 side. Zoet received his first call up to the senior Netherlands team in September 2012. He appeared twice as an unused substitute throughout 2012. Ahead of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, Zoet were among four goalkeepers shortlisted to be included in the squad. In May 2014, Zoet was initially named by Manager Louis van Gaal for the provisional 30-man squad at FIFA World Cup in Brazil. However, he didn't make it to the final 23-man squad. Zoet made his international debut on 10 October 2015, coming on as a late substitute for the injured Tim Krul in a 2–1 away win against Kazakhstan in a Euro 2016 qualifier. He then started the whole game in a follow–up match against Czech Republic, where he was fault for conceding the first two goals from the opposition team, as they lost 3–2, therefore ending hopes of qualifying for the UEFA Euro 2016. Over the years, Zoet found himself, competing with Jasper Cillessen for the national team's first choice goalkeeper. In a 2–0 loss against Bulgaria on 25 March 2017, Zoet was at fault for conceding two goals and his performance was criticised by the Dutch media. On 31 May 2017, Zoet captained the national team for the first time, as Netherlands beat Morocco 2–1. According to Zoet's mother, Didy Zoet, she revealed that Jeroen wanted to be a professional footballer, something she was supportive with and that he considered PSV Eindoven to be his second mother.