Her well-known and highly cited articles include "Publication Productivity Among Scientists" (1983), "Research, Teaching, and Publication Productivity: Mutuality versus Competition" (1992), "Scientific Careers: Universalism and Particularism," with J. S. Long (1995), "Women, Science, and Academia: Graduate Education and Careers" (2001), and "Gender, Family Characteristics, and Publication Productivity" (2005). Fox devoted many years of her work to the sociology of science being one of the founders of the subfield of gender, science, and academia. Using Merton's (1961/1973) concept of "strategic research sites," she has argued that science and academia are "strategic research sites" for studies of gender and inequality. Both gender relations and science are hierarchically structured. Gender hierarchy is constituted by processes where men and women are "differentially ranked and evaluated" (Fox, 2004) and science "reflects and reinforces gender stratification" (Fox, 1999, 2001, 2007). In her studies of scientific indicators, she demonstrated stratification of academia by field, gender, rank, and publication productivity. In her studies of scientific education, careers, and workplaces, she identified social and organizational characteristics of work that relate to participation, publication productivity, and performance in science and academia. Mary Frank Fox's articles are based on research projects using multiple methods of primary data collection: survey research, face-to-face interviews, site visits/case studies, and bibliometric measures. Her articles appear in over 50 different scholarly and scientific journals, books, and collections. Mary Frank Fox, Kjersten Bunker Whittington, and Marcela Linkova. "Gender, (In)Equity, and the Scientific Workforce." In Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, edited by U. Felt, R Fourche, C. Miller, and L. Smith-Doerr. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, forthcoming 2016. Carolina Canibano, Mary Frank Fox, and F. Javier Otamendi. "Gender and Patterns of Temporary Mobility Among Researchers." Science and Public Policy, forthcoming. Mary Frank Fox and Kathryn Kline. "Women Faculty in Computing: A Key Case of Women in Science." In Reconsidering the Pipeline? Pathways, Potholes, and Persistence of Women in STEM Fields, edited by Enobong Hannah Branch. Lexington Books, 2016. Mary Frank Fox. "Gender and Clarity of Evaluation Among Academic Scientists in Research Universities."