If thereafter the non-compliance persists, the matter must go to conciliation in accordance with Chapter 4 of the Act. Finally, each provincial department must ensure that the relevant environmental implementation plan is complied with by each municipality in its province. The Director-General is obliged to keep a record of all environmental implementation and management plans, and make them available to the public. Guidelines may be published by the Minister to assist provinces in the preparation of these plans. Of particular relevance to this process is the fact that the preparation of these plans may “consist of the assembly of information or plans compiled for other purposes.” Integrated Development Plans would fall into this category. Environmental implementation plans should reflect how the activities of a particular organ of state affect the environment, focusing on the ways in which general policies and functions take account of environmental management. Environmental implementation plans are the primary statutory instruments for the promotion of cooperative governance around environmental management, through the alignment of governmental policies, plans and programmes and decisions in respect of the environment. Their content is prescribed in section 13. Environmental management plans should reflect how the respective functions of the departments listed involve management of the environment. They should focus on policies and mechanisms to ensure that other bodies comply with the departments’ environmental management mandate. An environmental management plan is defined as “an environmental management tool used to ensure that undue or reasonably avoidable adverse impacts of the construction, operation and decommissioning of a project are prevented; and that the positive benefits of the projects are enhanced.” They are, therefore, very important tools for ensuring that the management actions arising from EIA processes are clearly defined and implemented through all phases of the project life-cycle. Their content is prescribed in section 13. See "Maccsand v City of Cape Town". “In principle,” write Paterson and Kotze, “environmental compliance and enforcement are about ensuring adherence to statutorily prescribed environmental standards.” They add,  The historical application of unjust and discriminatory laws has unquestionably undermined the development of a culture of legal compliance and accordingly clouded the application of the rule of law in South Africa, a reality compounded by inadequate legal enforcement. This has negatively affected the environmental sector, and the extent of environmental non-compliance with South Africa’s environmental legal framework is accordingly not surprising. Elements of both the rationalist and normative theories of compliance are evident in South Africa’s current environmental regime. Historically, wildlife and conservation authorities adopted a rationalist approach, relying on the deterrence theory, with enforcement being very much secured through arrest and criminal prosecution.