The character was later distorted to Mu ([母] meaning "mother"), which is even further from the original meaning. The book "Shuowen Jiezi" ("Book of Philology by Xu Shen"): The character Hou looks like Muhou (monkey), but it is not a female monkey. As macaque looks like a person from the Hu region (the north and west of China where non-Han ethnic groups lived in ancient times), it is called Husun [胡孫]. In the book "Zhuang Zi", it is called Ju [狙]. People raise macaques in stables. In this way, horses will not be attacked by disease. So it is colloquially called Maliu ([馬留] meaning "maintaining the horses") in the Hu region (the north and west of China where non-Han ethnic groups lived in ancient times). In Sanskrit books it is called Mosizha [摩斯咤] (transliteration [of "markaţa"]). (tr. Luo 2003:4124, cf. Van Gulik 1967:35)  Bernard E. Read (1931: no. 400) notes, "The menstrual discharge of the monkey [猴經] is said to give immunity to the horse against infectious disease", and suggests the Sanskrit name "is not so remote from the genus name "Macacus"". "Husun" "macaque; monkey" is also written 猢猻, as punned in the surname of Sun Wukong 孫悟空 "descendent/monkey awakened to emptiness". "Maliu" 馬留 (lit. "horse keep") compares with the Cantonese "maB2lɐuA1" "monkey" word (Schuessler 2007:580). Yuan 猿 "ape; monkey" is used in Chinese terms such as "yuanren" 猿人 "ape-man; Hominidae" and "Beijing yuanren" 北京猿人 "Peking Man". The etymology of "yuan" < *"wan" 猿 "monkey" (Schuessler 2007:593-59) could be linked with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *"(b)woy" or Proto-Mon–Khmer *"swaaʔ" "monkey".