Other geomorphologists turned away from the cycle of erosion to work instead on climatic or tectonic geomorphology. The model spread fast. In 1901 Hans Reusch was using it to explain the undulating plateau of southern Norway. Very much influenced by Davis Walter Wråk moved to study the relief of the northern Scandinavian Mountains, describing among other things the Borsu surface. The first study of China's topography using the model was published in 1907 by B. Willis and co-workers. While the model was at first widely accepted among Anglo-Saxon scholars, in Continental Europe it met some resistance with German scholars Albrecht and Walther Penck, Siegfried Passarge and Alfred Hettner standing out as early opponents to the model. Despite Davis's efforts, which included translating his work into German, being a visiting professor at Berlin and touring much of Europe, the cycle of erosion never did take firm root in Germany. Walther Penck came to originate an alternative model with its own set of tenets. Walther's ideas were published posthumously in 1924 by his father, Albrecht. In Walther's model, relief is shaped as a function of the denudation/uplift rate. Davis, a friend of Walther's father, was critical of Walther's new model. Davis's review of Walther Penck's second publication on the subject left a distorted view of Penck's ideas among later workers. This is because Davis misunderstood and mis-translated parts of the paper, therefore Davis is not an adequate critic of Penck's work. An alternative cycle theory was later proposed by Lester Charles King in the 1960s. While King's ideas were an attempt at refuting Davis's cycle of erosion they were themselves of cyclical nature and contributed to ushering in a wave of criticism in 1960s against both his and Davis's models. This criticism has been called "Davis bashing" by Cliff Ollier and constitutes to Ollier the ridicule of cyclical theories in geomorphology without any alternative model being proposed. Since Davis' ideas were being discredited other areas of research, like that of climatic geomorphology, were attacked by their perceived association to it. The notions of time, uplift, slope and drainage density evolution in the erosion cycle have been criticized. Further the validity of some whole concepts associated with the cycle of erosion have been questioned including stream grade, base level and most of all that of peneplains. Writing in 1971 geomorphologist Ronald Flemal summarized the situation as follows:  Despite considerable criticism the cycle of erosion model has remained part of the science of geomorphology.