Ferdinand A. Hermens  Ferdinand A. Hermens (20 December 1906 – 2 February 1998) was a German-American political scientist and economist. He was born in Nieheim, Kreis Höxter (district) in Germany and he died in Rockville, MD (U.S.). His major books "Democracy or Anarchy?" (1941) and "The Representative Republic" (1958) were translated into German, Italian and Hebrew. The most important contribution to the progress of political science has been his analysis of the impact that electoral systems have in structuring party competition. Hermens has advised U.S. Congressional committees on Presidential Election Procedure, the Judiciary and Divided Powers and Economic Policy, the U.S. government on re-organization of democracy in Germany and the government of Trinidad and Tobago on constitutional matters. Hermens studied at the Universities of Münster, Freiburg, Berlin and Bonn, In 1928 he graduated from the University of Bonn with an M.A. in Economics ("Diplom-Volkswirt"). Here Joseph Schumpeter was the supervisor of his Ph.D. ("Dr. rer. pol.") dissertation on "What is Capitalism?" ( published in 1931). After completing his Ph.D. in 1930 Hermens continued his studies of economic theory at the Universities of Paris and Kiel. In 1934 Hermens, an active member of a Catholic students' fraternity, left Nazi Germany to spend a year as a research fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science. In 1935 he emigrated to the U.S., where he served as an Assistant Professor of Economics with the Catholic University of America in Washington, DC. In 1938 he moved to South Bend, IN where he became an Associate Professor of Economics with the University of Notre Dame. In 1945 he was made Professor of Political Science with the University of Notre Dame. Between 1959 and 1971 Hermens returned to post-war Germany to become Professor of Political Science at the University of Cologne. In this position he succeeded Heinrich Brüning, who had been "Reichskanzler" from 1930 to 1932. During his tenure at Cologne Hermens was supervisor for a couple of post-docs and Ph.D. candidates who later became professors of political science in German universities. Among them are: Rudolf Wildenmann (University of Mannheim), Gerda Zellentin (University of Wuppertal), Werner Kaltefleiter (University of Kiel), Hans Kammler (University of Hohenheim), Johannes Agnoli (Free University of Berlin), Paul Kevenhörster (University of Münster).