Harlan, Kansas  Harlan is an unincorporated community in Smith County, Kansas, USA. Harlan is located at . Harlan was named for John C. Harlan, a pioneer settler. A post office was opened in Harlan in the 1870s, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1995. Harlan is served by USD 237 Smith Center Schools. Harlan High School was closed through school unification. The Harlan High School mascot was Cardinals.