At present, diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of the mortality and morbidity globally, besides, it is identified as the second leading sources of mortality expect for pneumonia in under-5s, leading to more deaths than HIV, measles and malaria integrated together in this age group. It is further estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) that approximately nine million children under the same age category die each year, among which four billion cases are caused by diarrhea and 2.2 million are diarrhea-related, with the majority of young children coming from developing countries. The global influence of diarrhea is particularly serious in sub-Saharan Africa, largely due to the high HIV pandemic. The prevention of diarrhea in this continent has become a public health challenge since its multiple sources of determinants, such as the insecurity of breastfeeding from HIV positive mothers, the unpredictability of climate changes and unqualified public hygiene preparation, thus highlighting the importance of understanding the nature of the disease and relevant strategies to address the issue. Studies reveal that between 2006 and 2011, there are 171,280 cases of diarrhea in Botswana and they led to 1820 deaths among children under 5 years old. This result is massive since the whole population in this country is only a little over 2,000,000 and it has one of the highest HIV prevalence in the world with an estimated national prevalence of 17.6% in 2008. The situation has put the effected individuals under a vulnerable status to infectious disease and diarrhea disease in particular.  20.3% of Botswana’s adult population, ages 15 to 49, have HIV/AIDS. This is down from 25% of the population in 2013. Botswana has the fourth highest HIV prevalence in the world, after South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini. In 2018, Botswana had 8,500 new cases and 4,800 deaths from HIV/AIDS, down from the country’s peak of 18,000 deaths in 2002. Botswana was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to provide universal free antiretroviral treatment to people that had tested positive for HIV/AIDS. As a result, in 2018, 85% of adults and 38% of children living with HIV/AIDS were on antiretroviral treatment. Women have consistently been more impacted by HIV/AIDS in Botswana. In 2016, the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate for adult women was 26.3%. In contrast, the HIV/AIDS prevalence for men of the same age was 17.6%. Exposure to early sexual debuts, forced marriages and gender-based violence has made women in Botswana more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.