Macafee C.) (2002) pp. 89–95; for an overview of the historical developments see "Vowel systems of Scots: a rough historical outline" in A History of Scots to 1700, p. lvii.  Old English and Old Norse "ī" and "ȳ", Old English "i"+"ld" and "y"+"nd", as well as Old French "i" became in Early Scots then in Middle Scots and subsequently conditioned by the Scottish Vowel Length Rule to when short and or when long in Modern Scots, for example: "wyce" (wise), "wyte" (blame), "bide" (remain), "kye" (cows), "hive" and "fire" from wīs, wīte, bīdan, cȳ, hȳf and fȳr. Similarly with Norse "grice" (pig), "sile" (strain), "tyke" (curr), "lythe" (shelter) and "tyne" (lose), and Romance "advice", "fine", "cry", "sybae" (onion) but where Romance words entered Scots after this sound shift the original (Vowel 2) remained in Scots, for example "bapteese" (baptise), "ceety" (city), "ceevil" (civil), "eetem" (item), "leeberal" (liberal), "leecence" (license), "meenister" (minister), "obleege" (oblige), "peety" (pity), "poleetical" (political), "poseetion", "releegion" (religion) and "speerit" (spirit). Similarly with Old French "ai" and "ei", for example Modern Scots "chyce" (choice), "eynment" (ointment), "eyster" (oyster), "evyte" (avoid), "jyne" (join), "ile" (oil), "pynt" (point), "syle" (soil), "spyle" (spoil) and "vyce" (voice)  Old English "ē" became in Early Scots then in Middle Scots and in Modern Scots, for example: "bee", "breest" breast, "cheese", "creep", "deed", "freend" (friend), "hear", "heich" (high), "knee", "seek" (sick), "sheep", "sleep", "teeth" and "wheen" a few from bēo, brēost, ċēse, crēap, dēd, frēond, hēran, hēah, cnēo, sēoc, sċēp, slēp, tēþ and hwēne.