High viscosity can interfere with determination of sperm motility, sperm concentration, detection of antibody-coated spermatozoa and measurement of biochemical markers. MOT is a measure of how many million sperm cells per ml are highly motile, that is, approximately of grade a (>25 micrometer per 5 sek. at room temperature) and grade b (>25 micrometer per 25 sek. at room temperature). Thus, it is a combination of sperm count and motility. With a straw  or a vial volume of 0.5 milliliter, the general guideline is that, for intracervical insemination (ICI), straws or vials making a total of 20 million motile spermatozoa in total is recommended. This is equal to 8 straws or vials 0.5 ml with MOT5, or 2 straws or vials of MOT20. For intrauterine insemination (IUI), 1-2 MOT5 straws or vials is regarded sufficient. In WHO terms, it is thus recommended to use approximately 20 million grade a+b sperm in ICI, and 2 million grade a+b in IUI. DNA damage in sperm cells that is related to infertility can be probed by analysis of DNA susceptibility to denaturation in response to heat or acid treatment  and/or by detection of DNA fragmentation revealed by the presence of double-strand breaks detected by the TUNEL assay. "Total motile spermatozoa" (TMS) or "total motile sperm count" (TMSC) is a combination of sperm count, motility and volume, measuring how many million sperm cells in an entire ejaculate are motile. Use of approximately 20 million sperm of motility grade c or d in ICI, and 5 million ones in IUI may be an approximate recommendation. The NICE guidelines also include testing "vitality", with normal ranges defined as more than 75% of sperm cells alive. The sample may also be tested for white blood cells. A high level of white blood cells in semen is called and may indicate an infection. Cutoffs may vary, but an example cutoff is over 1 million white blood cells per milliliter of semen. Apart from the semen quality itself, there are various methodological factors that may influence the results, giving rise to inter-method variation. Compared to samples obtained from masturbation, semen samples from collection condoms have higher total sperm counts, sperm motility, and percentage of sperm with normal morphology .