This life stage is the most destructive to commercial forestry operations. Pupation occurs in the gallery and adults then emerge, typically through their respective entrance holes (Bragard et al., 2019). This life cycle takes 2 to 4 years (Solomon, 1995). The oak timberworm is a known vector of the destructive fungus "Bretziella fagacearum", which causes oak wilt (Bragard et al., 2019). Oak wilt is major cause of oak mortality in some regions and has been detected in 24 US states (Juzwik et al., 2008). Oak wilt can cause rather sudden mortality in host trees due to the disruption of sap and water flow in the xylem (Dimond, 1970). The oak timberworm is an economic pest of oaks and other hardwoods in the eastern US (Thomas, 1996). The primary economic losses come from larval boring damage to live standing trees; however, this insect has been known to attack unseasoned lumber, stave bolts, and squared timber (Solomon, 1995). These larval galleries cause structural damage to lumber (Bragard et al., 2019). Lumber from heavily infested trees is often unfit for special uses, like flooring and barrel making. (Solomon, 1995). Larval feeding damage can also seriously reduce the value of factory grade lumber (Solomon, 1995). The oak timberworm is listed on the European Food Safety Authority’s Annex IAI, meaning that it has potential to become an introduced pest and its importation is banned (Bragard et al., 2019). There are concerns that it could become established in Europe and spread the destructive oak wilt fungus due to similar climatic conditions and an abundance of potential hosts (Bragard et al., 2019). The European Food Safety Administration, a division of the European Union, imposes strict regulations on oak and poplar products such as lumber, barrels, logs, solid wood packing materials, and wood chips imported from the US (Bragard et al., 2019). Direct control efforts like chemical or biological control are seldomly used to manage oak timberworms (Solomon, 1995). However, basic forest management practices can often prevent economic losses from this insect. Proper forest sanitation and quick removal of felled trees can help prevent infestations oak timberworms and many other destructive forest pests (Solomon, 1995). Because this insect attacks wounds on hosts, trees should be protected against injuries, especially when harvesting (Solomon, 1995). Treating felled logs or processed wood through fumigation, autoclaving, steaming, or kiln drying or applying process additives, protective compounds, surface disinfectants, or pesticides can control this pest in harvested timber (Bragard et al., 2019).