According to Sanjeevi, the first translation of the work appeared in Malayalam (Kerala) in 1595. The first paper print of "Tirukkural" is traceable to 1812, credited to the efforts of Ñānapirakācar who used wooden blocks embossed from palm-leaf scripts to produce copies of the "Kurral" along with those of "Nalatiyar". It was only in 1835 that Indians were permitted to establish printing press. The Kural was the first book to be published in Tamil, followed by the Naladiyar. Subsequent editions of the work appeared in 1831, 1833, 1838, 1840, and 1842. The work has been continuously in print ever since. By 1925, the Kural literature has already appeared in more than 65 editions and by the turn of the 21st century, it has crossed 500 editions. The first critical edition of the "Tirukkaral" based on manuscripts discovered in Hindu monasteries and private collections was published in 1861 by Arumuka Navalar – the Jaffna born Tamil scholar and Shaivism activist. Navalar, states Zvelebil, was "probably the greatest and most influential among the forerunners" in studying numerous versions and bringing out an edited split-"sandhi" version for the scholarship of the Kurral and many other historic Tamil texts in the 19th-century. Parimelalhagar's commentary on the "Thirukkural" was published for the first time in 1840 and became the most widely published commentary ever since. In 1850, the Kural was published with commentaries by Vedagiri Mudaliar, who published a revised version later in 1853. In 1917, Manakkudavar's commentary for the first book of the Kural text was published by V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. Manakkudavar commentary for the entire Kural text was first published in 1925 by K. Ponnusami Nadar. As of 2013, Perimelalhagar's commentary appeared in more than 200 editions by as many as 30 publishers. Since the 1970s, the Kural text has been transliterated into ancient Tamil scripts such as the Tamil-Brahmi script, Pallava script, Vatteluttu script and others by Gift Siromoney of the International Institute of Tamil Studies (IITS, Madras Christian College). Some of the teachings in the "Tirukkuṛaḷ", states Zvelebil, are "undoubtedly" based on the then extant Sanskrit works such as the more ancient "Arthashastra" and "Manusmriti" (also called the "Manavadharmasastra").