Tadjuddin Noor  Tadjuddin Noor (born 16 April 1906) was an Indonesian politician and nationalist. He was a deputy speaker of the Provisional People's Representative Council between 1950 and 1956, and had chaired the legislature of the State of East Indonesia (NIT). Having worked with Japanese occupiers prior and during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Noor became a proponent for the republican cause within the Dutch-controlled East Indonesia, especially in NIT where he narrowly lost its first election for head of state. He became a senator after the 1949 transfer of sovereignty, and continued to be active in politics during the 1950s, being a member of the Constitutional Assembly. Noor was born in Pegatan, in what is today South Kalimantan, on 16 April 1906. He studied law in Leiden University. After graduating from Leiden, Noor began working as a lawyer in Banjarmasin. He worked there between 1936 and 1939. Starting on July 1939 until the Japanese invasion of the Indies, he became a member of the Volksraad. Within Volksraad, he was a member of the Nationalist faction led by Mohammad Husni Thamrin. In 1941, he reportedly joined a Japanese fifth column conspiracy to sabotage the Indies' defense for the upcoming invasion, alongside other nationalists such as Achmad Soebardjo and Alexander Andries Maramis and Japanese agents such as Shigetada Nishijima, though, due to the Japanese campaign's rapid success, the sabotage ended up not being required. In the immediate aftermath of the Japanese invasion, Indonesian nationalists saw the campaign as one of liberation, and formed several draft cabinets in expectation of handover of administrative duties to the nationalist leaders. In one of these cabinets, Noor was proposed as a deputy-minister of state. The proposals were quickly rejected by the Japanese, who soon prohibited displays of Indonesian nationalism to the disappointment of prior collaborators. Noor was initially an adviser to the Imperial Japanese Army in the-renamed Jakarta, before later being appointed by the Imperial Japanese Navy, alongside Manadonese Sam Ratulangi, as advisers in managing Sulawesi, which the navy was tasked with occupying. After the surrender of Japan, Noor returned to being a lawyer for some time in Makassar. After the arrest of Ratulangi by the returning Dutch forces, Noor (who had been appointed by nationalists in Java as Ratulangi's deputy republican governor of Sulawesi) became the "de facto" political leader of the Indonesian independence movement in Sulawesi.