Lewis and Kahn argue that Icke is using allegory to depict the alien, and alienating, nature of global capitalism. Icke has said he is not using allegory. As of 2003, Icke claims the reptilian bloodline includes all American presidents, three British and two Canadian prime ministers, several Sumerian kings and Egyptian pharaohs, and a smattering of celebrities. Key bloodlines are said to include the Rockefellers, Rothschilds, various European aristocratic families, the establishment families of the Eastern United States, and the British House of Windsor. Icke has claimed that he saw former British Prime Minister Ted Heath's eyes turn entirely "jet black" while the two men waited for a Sky News interview in 1989. He confirmed to Andrew Neil in May 2016 that he believes the British royal family are shape-shifting lizards. In 2001, Icke said the Queen Mother was "seriously reptilian". The Rothschilds, in Icke's opinion, are also blood-drinking, Satan-worshipers, which Daniel Allington and David Toube in 2018, argued was part of a revival of medieval antisemitic attitudes towards Jews. Icke sometimes calls the reptilian plot the "unseen". After a 2018 talk involving Icke in Southport, UK, Michael Marshall reported: Critics view Icke's 'reptilians' and other theories as antisemitic, and accuse him of Holocaust denial. Critics have claimed that Icke's reptilians are symbolic representations of Jews, which Icke called "total friggin' nonsense", adding, "this is not a plot on the world by Jewish people". Icke has rejected the assertion he is a Holocaust denier. Icke states that at the apex of the Babylonian Brotherhood stand the Global Elite, and at the top of the Global Elite are what Icke has referred to as the 'Prison Wardens'. Icke claims the brotherhood's goal, or their "Great Work of Ages", is a microchipped population, a world government, and a global Orwellian fascist state or New World Order, which he claims will be a post-truth era where freedom of speech is ended. Icke believes that the brotherhood uses human anxiety as energy, and that the Archons keep humanity trapped in a "five sense reality" so they can feed off the negative energy created by fear and hate. In 1999 he wrote, "Thus we have the encouragement of wars, human genocide, the mass slaughter of animals, sexual perversions which create highly charged negative energy, and black magic ritual and sacrifice which takes place on a scale that will stagger those who have not studied the subject."