Katz also notes that while Fermat's methods were closer to the future developments in calculus, Descartes' methods had a more immediate impact on the development. Both Newton and Leibniz referred to Fermat's work as an antecedent of infinitesimal calculus. Nevertheless, there is disagreement amongst modern scholars about the exact meaning of Fermat's adequality. Fermat's "adequality" was analyzed in a number of scholarly studies. In 1896, Paul Tannery published a French translation of Fermat’s Latin treatises on maxima and minima (Fermat, Œuvres, Vol. III, pp. 121–156). Tannery translated Fermat's term as “adégaler” and adopted Fermat’s “adéquation”. Tannery also introduced the symbol formula_11 for adequality in mathematical formulas. Heinrich Wieleitner (1929) wrote:Fermat replaces "A" with "A"+"E". Then he sets the new expression roughly equal (angenähert gleich) to the old one, cancels equal terms on both sides, and divides by the highest possible power of "E". He then cancels all terms which contain "E" and sets those that remain equal to each other. From that [the required] "A" results. That "E" should be as small as possible is nowhere said and is at best expressed by the word "adaequalitas". (Wieleitner uses the symbol formula_18.) Max Miller (1934) wrote:Thereupon one should put the both terms, which express the maximum and the minimum, approximately equal (näherungsweise gleich), as Diophantus says.(Miller uses the symbol formula_19.) Jean Itard (1948) wrote:One knows that the expression "adégaler" is adopted by Fermat from Diophantus, translated by Xylander and by Bachet. It is about an approximate equality (égalité approximative) ". (Itard uses the symbol formula_20.) Joseph Ehrenfried Hofmann (1963) wrote:Fermat chooses a quantity "h", thought as sufficiently small, and puts "f"("x" + "h") roughly equal (ungefähr gleich) to "f"("x"). His technical term is "adaequare".(Hofmann uses the symbol formula_19.)