Mandator  The mandatōr (), deriving from the Latin word for "messenger", was a subaltern official in the middle Byzantine Empire. The "mandatores" were a corps of messengers for special duties attached to the bureaux of all senior civil and military officials, such as the thematic "stratēgoi", the commanders of the "tagmata", the logothetes and others. They were then headed by a prōtomandatōr (πρωτομανδάτωρ, "first "mandatōr""), a mid-level official. These officials must be distinguished from the honorary dignity of basilikos mandatōr (βασιλικὸς μανδάτωρ, "imperial "mandatōr""), which was one of the lower court titles (fourth from the bottom, between the "vestētōr" and the "kandidatos") intended for "bearded men" (i.e. non-eunuchs). According to the "Klētorologion" of 899, its insigne was a red wand. Together with the other lower rank classes, the "basilikoi mandatores" were designated as the "basilikoi anthrōpoi" ("the emperor's men"), and headed collectively by a dedicated official with the title of "prōtospatharios tōn basilikōn". Both the simple "mandatores" and the "basilikoi mandatores", as well as the "prōtomandatores", are attested in the 7th–11th centuries. They seem to have disappeared thereafter. The French Byzantinist Rodolphe Guilland suggested that they were replaced by the "tzaousioi". The term itself survived however in Georgia, where "მანდატური" (mandaturi) serves as a term for security forces serving in Parliament, courts as well as public schools.