Nehemiah 5  Nehemiah 5 is the fifth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 15th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles, but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from 5th century BCE (so-called "the Chronicler") is the final author of these books. This chapter records the reform of Nehemiah in the case of economic oppression among the Jews, and how he led by example. The original text of this chapter is in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 19 verses. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008). There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; formula_1B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: formula_1S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; formula_1A; 5th century). For any organization or nation, Any internal schisms, inequities, or injustices in any organization or nation will bring ruin far quicker than outside attack, so the well-being (and survival) of a particular group or community depends on its internal health. This section deals with the economic oppression among the Jews (verses 1–5), Nehemiah’s judgment on the issue (verses 6–11), and the pledge of the people (verses 12–13). In the position of leadership, Nehemiah led by example, where he demonstrates his integrity and his unbending adherence to God’s laws and his moral standard. Unlike the previous governors who took bread, wine, and 'forty shekels of silver', Nehemiah forfeited his right to income from taxes, and even at his own expense provided ‘the necessities expected of a government official’. Nehemiah's appointment took place in Nisan 444 BC (or 445 BC; the 20th year of Artaxerxes I), as recorded in , and he governed Judah for 12 years. Therefore, the entire first section of the Book of Nehemiah (chapters 1–7) could be written after 432 BC (the 32nd year of Artaxerxes I), the year when Nehemiah returned to the Persian court from Jerusalem (Nehemiah 13:6).