After Muhammed Ali Pasha took control of Egypt, along with Sudan and, briefly, parts of Arabia and the Levant, he enforced mandatory military service. The Egyptians were discriminated against in the military where they weren't allowed to hold any important positions. That contributed to forming an early sense of a collective imagined community among Arab soldiers as opposed to Turks, Kurds, and Albanians. Throughout the Ottoman Empire, all Arabic speakers, especially Muslims, were viewed as Arabs. As a consequence, being "Arab" was equivalent to being Egyptian in modern day. In an attempt to prove to his soldiers that he is one of them, Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Mohammed Ali Pasha, who was an Albanian, told one of his soldiers after criticizing Turks: "I am not a Turk, I came to Egypt when I was a child, and since that time, its sun has changed my blood, and I became fully Arab". Beginning 1860, the state started making efforts to shape a collective Egyptian Identity, and the word "Misreyeen" started slowly replacing the word "Evlad Arab". However, the revolution of Ahmed Orabi is considered to be the turning point in Egyptian History, as it fought for an Egyptian identity where Egyptians mainly referred to themselves as Masreyeen/Misreyeen/Egyptians/"مصريين". It is worth noting that Arabic speakers commonly refer to the modern day area of Greater Cairo (Cairo, Fustat, Giza, and their surroundings) by the name of "Misr", which was also the name used to refer to the entire land of Egypt. As a consequence, and because of the Arab habit of identifying people with their city names, the word Misreyeen/Masreyeen traditionally referred only to the people of the greater Cairo area. The Orabi movement in the 1870s and 1880s was the first major Egyptian nationalist movement that demanded an end to the alleged despotism of the Muhammad Ali family and demanded curbing the growth of European influence in Egypt, it campaigned under the nationalist slogan of ""Egypt for Egyptians"". As a result of the increasing European influence, western ideas started becoming prevalent among the upper classes in Egypt . Especially after the British occupation of Egypt which brought a westernized style of education with it. Among the western ideas, the French Enlightenment notion of reviving Pre-Christian civilizations and cultures found a special place among Egyptian Nationalists , who sought to revive the Pharaonic culture as the main Pre-Islamic civilization of Egypt. Questions of identity came to fore in the 20th century as Egyptians sought to free themselves from British occupation, leading to the rise of ethno-territorial secular Egyptian nationalism (also known as "Pharaonism").