From 1984 through 2002, the fundamental ephemeris of the "Astronomical Almanac" was the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's DE200/LE200, a fully numerically-integrated ephemeris fitted to modern position and velocity observations of the Sun, Moon, and planets. From 2003 onward (as of Feb 2012), JPL's DE405/LE405, an integrated ephemeris referred to the International Celestial Reference Frame, has been used. In France, the "Bureau des Longitudes" began using their machine-generated semi-analytical theory VSOP82 in 1984, and their work continued with the founding of the "Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides" in 1998 and the INPOP series of numerical ephemerides. DE405/LE405 were superseded by DE421/LE421 in 2008.