She continues to make analytical studies that social selection is a more credible explanation in terms of population as a whole, as sexual selection is confined to interaction between individuals. Roughgarden has written on the relationship between Christianity and science. Her book "Evolution and Christian Faith: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist" presents scripture passages that emphasize her belief that the Bible does not conflict with evolutionary biology and relates Christianity and evolution by asserting that all life is interconnected, as members of a faith community are connected. Roughgarden opposes the theories of creationism and intelligent design, but asserts her belief in God's involvement in evolution. She attended and was a speaker at the symposium in November 2006. Roughgarden has served as associate editor of several academic journals, including "Philosophy and Theory in Biology" (since 2008), "American Naturalist" (1984–1989), "Oecologia" (1979–1982), and "Theoretical Population Biology" (1975–1986). She was the Vice-Chair and Chair of Theoretical Ecology Section of the Ecological Society of America during 2002–2003. She has served on the Nonprofit Organization Board for the Oceanic Society (San Francisco), the EPA Science Advisory Board Committee on Valuating the Protection of Ecological Systems and Services, and the science advisory boards of the Pacific Ocean Conservation Network (California), and the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (Santa Barbara).