Jean-Jacques Meyer  Jean-Jacques Meyer (1805–1877) was a French engineer, noted for his work with steam engines and steam locomotives. He was trained at the engineering school Arts et Métiers ParisTech. His first major invention was the Meyer expansion valve, used to improve efficiency in stationary steam engines. The first locomotives to use this invention were a pair of 2-2-2 locomotives Mayer built for the in 1842. Named "L'Espérance" (Hope) and "Le Succès" (Success), they continued in service for S-B's successor, the Chemins de fer de l'Est until 1859. He was the originator of the articulated locomotives which bear his name. Meyer registered his first patent describing the system in 1861. The Meyer locomotive comprised:   The first engine of this type built by the in 1868 was a 0-4-0+0-4-0 named "L'Avenir" (Future). The design was developed by Gaston du Bousquet, who designed a class of 0-6-2+2-6-0 tank locomotives for hauling heavy goods trains on the Chemins de fer du Nord and the Chemins de fer de Ceinture de Paris. "The above information is taken from the article on the subject."