The omission can cause some inconvenience since the first letter of every noun is capitalized in German. Unlike in Hungarian, the exact shape of the umlaut diacritics – especially when handwritten – is not important, because they are the only ones in the language (not counting the tittle on "i" and "j"). They will be understood whether they look like dots (¨), acute accents (˝), vertical bars (‖), a horizontal bar (macron, ¯), a breve (˘), a tiny N or e, a tilde (˜), and such variations are often used in stylized writing (e.g. logos). In the past, however, the breve was traditionally used in some scripts to distinguish a "u" from an "n", as was the ring (°). In rare cases the "n" was underlined. The breved "u" was common in some Kurrent-derived handwritings; it was mandatory in Sütterlin. The "eszett" or "scharfes S" (ẞ, ß) represents the unvoiced s sound. The German spelling reform of 1996 somewhat reduced usage of this letter in Germany and Austria. It is not used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. As the "ß" derives from a ligature of lowercase letters, it is exclusively used in the middle or at the end of a word. The proper transcription when it cannot be used is "ss" ("sz" and "SZ" in earlier times). This transcription can give rise to ambiguities, albeit rarely; one such case is "in Maßen" (in moderation) vs. "in Massen" (en masse). In all-caps, "ß" is replaced by "SS" or, optionally, by the uppercase "ẞ". The uppercase "ẞ" was included in Unicode 5.1 as U+1E9E in 2008. Since 2010 its use is mandatory in official documentation in Germany when writing geographical names in all-caps. The option of using the uppercase "ẞ" in all-caps was officially added to the German orthography in 2017. Although nowadays substituted correctly only by "ss", the letter actually originates from two distinct ligatures (depending on word and spelling rules): "long s" with "round s" ("ſs") and "long s" with "(round) z" ("ſz"/"ſʒ").