It served as Headquarters of a Brigade in the 2nd Division of the Biafra Army, during the Nigeria-Biafra War (1967-1970). The last Airfield for Biafra was under construction in Umuguma when the war ended suddenly in 1970. Umuguma stretches from the Northern part at the roundabout on Sam Mbakwe Avenue by Dream-Land Hotel, through the Coca-Cola Factory off Irete Road on the East, to the Federal Secretariat Complex on Port Harcourt Road to the West and through Port Harcourt expressway including all the Housing Estates - World Bank, Federal and Imo State Housing estates. It borders Owerre at the north, Nnekede at the west, Irete and Okuku on the east and Avu at the south. Umuguma contributed the largest landmass to the Owerri Capital Project in Imo State. The traditional leadership of Umuguma community includes an Eze and President General of the Town Union. Umuguma has five traditional villages: Umuome(First Son), Umunwanyi(first child, first Daughter), Umunkwo(second Daughter), Umuagu(Second Son) and Ogbuosisi. The traditional leadership (Eze) has evolved through several ruling houses. The Oparanozie ruling house in Umuome produced Eze Herbert Oparanozie (Nnayereugo of Avu/Umuguma Autonomous community) who died in 1987. Thereafter the position remained vacant for several years. In 2000, Eze Nnamdi Ugorji from Ogbuosisi was crowned and is presently the Eze Umuguma. The General Assembly of Umuguma is the Town Union deliberates on the social, political and economic well-being of the community and assists the Eze in maintaining peace and public order within the community. The affairs of the Town Union are presided over by the President-General, who oversees other Umuguma Town Union branch presidents, and is the custodian of the Town Union at home. The President-General is elected at a general assembly - the present elected President-General is Engineer Uzoma Kenneth Osuagwu (elected 2014).