In all other cases bar the sale of corporeal moveable property, the principle of abstraction is evident in Scots law. While a conveyance may be valid irrespective of the "causa", the reasons for the "causa"'s invalidity under the law of obligations, succession, etc. may also extend to invalidate the intent to transfer as a "vitium reale or labes reales" (ie: a 'real vice') in property law. A contract may fail for numerous reasons, eg: it may not be formally valid, the parties may lack capacity or some other mental defect affecting capacity generally or there may be no "consensus in idem" (ie: a meeting of the minds in which the parties agree on the essential elements of the contract). However, only such defect in the contract, that concurrently affects the conveyance, as a "vitium reale" is capable of invalidating the transfer, ie: it is void "ab initio". Therefore, it is often termed that 'a good conveyance is capable of saving a bad contract' because property continues to be owned by the disponee irrespective of the failure of the "causa." Vice of Consent  Where the defect is not one which prevents the actual "giving of consent" as a "vitium reale" (or real vice)"," it may still be "voidable" as a "vice of consent". The common vices of consent are:  Generally, only robbery creates a real vice (or "vitium reale"). Any other form of force or fear that induces a transfer of property is said to be a vice of consent. The fraud must have "induced" the transfer itself to be a vice of consent. Fraud is not a real vice (or "vitium reale"). If the property has been subsequently transferred to a new owner (example: "B defrauds A in order to induce the transfer of property, B then sells the property to C") then the third party owner (eg: C) is entitled to keep the property and it cannot be recovered physically. False misrepresentation is treated as a vice of consent alone. Certain errors in Roman law were capable of being a "vitium reale" while other errors were only capable of being a vice of consent. Following "Morrisson v Robertson""," errors as to the identity of the grantee is transferring (termed an error "in persona") are considered to be a "vitium reale".