Recolonization  Recolonization is a process in which former or new colonizing powers retain influence over former colonies in respects which effectively replicate or reproduce the conditions for the former colony which existed under direct colonialism, especially in instances in which the former colony is now an independent nation state. Recolonization inherently references the failure or incomplete nature of decolonization and is often used to reference the conditions of former colonies in the Global South, many of which are now officially independent and sovereign nations yet are still subjugated to former colonial powers in the Global North by global capitalism, which maintains continued resource extraction and military control (e.g. counter-revolutionary forces and regime changes) in former colonies with the explicit purpose of serving and benefiting the interests of the former or new colonizing powers. The term has been compared to neocolonialism, although has been distinguished as a more powerful metaphor regarding the continued influence of colonial powers over former colonies. In the 1990s, African writers Ali Mazrui and Archie Mafeje held an intense debate regarding the usage of the term "recolonization" following Mazrui's publication of a newspaper article entitled "Recolonization or Self-colonization? Decaying Parts of Africa Need Benign Colonization" in the "Los Angeles Times" and the "International Herald Tribune", which was translated into various languages. In the article, Mazrui argues that "surely it is time for Africans to exert more pressure on each other, including through benevolent intervention, to achieve a kind of Pax Africana based on regional intervention or unification of smaller states," further stating that some countries may need to be temporarily controlled by others and "submit to trusteeship and even tutelage for awhile," citing the case of Zanzibar's annexation by Tanganyika in 1964. Mazrui proposed an African Security Council which would "oversee the continent" and coordinate with the United Nations, concluding that "if Africa does not follow this path, the lack of stability and economic growth will push the entire continent further into the desperate margins of global society" and reflecting that "self-colonization if we can manage it, is better than colonization by outsiders." Mazrui was accused by Mafeje of being an "unconscious agent of Western racism" who used the terms "recolonization" and "colonization" in a manner which was "intellectually bankrupt" and "analytically superficial." Mafeje asserted that Mazrui was "acutely aware of the racist and imperialist connotation of the term and for this reason he tries to dispense with the "white man's burden" (a crude cliché)" and deconstructs his arguments for a trusteeship system, citing how this same imperialist system eliminated Patrice Lumumba.