Same-sex attractions were still perceived as a sin and often kept quiet, and it has been argued that this silence both prevented and ironically encouraged homosexuality in males. In addition, women passed or dressed as men and sometimes even married other women, and some (usually from the lower class) were classified as tribades. They were often involved in petty criminality and prostitution. After the Batave Republic was founded in 1795, the number of prosecutions for sodomy increased again, but the severity of the punishments lessened. Some tribades were prosecuted for attempted sodomy and were imprisoned. In 1810, the Napoleon Bonaparte incorporated the country into the French Empire. In 1811, Holland adopted the French legal code, which had abolished laws against sodomy in 1791. In 1911 the ruling Christian-based political parties enacted "article 248bis" that raised the age of consent for homosexuality to 21, while the age of consent for heterosexuality remained at 16. Along with the unequal age of consent were various laws against "public indecency" that were often used against gay men. In response to this new law, a Dutch chapter of the German Scientific Humanitarian Committee was organized under the leadership of . The organization was made independent and named "Nederlandsch Wetenschappelijk Humanitair Komitee" (NWHK) in 1919. In Amsterdam, the first gay bars were established during this period. The best known was The Empire, which was first mentioned in 1911 and existed until the late 1930s. From here, the first gay magazine, called "Wij" ("We"), was published in 1932. The oldest place that still exists is Café 't Mandje, which was opened in 1927 by lesbian Bet van Beeren. Another early gay bar was Du Merlo, which was established in 1928. The NWHK was shut down by the German Nazis during the Second World War, and the German law that prohibited homosexuality, Paragraph 175 was introduced into Dutch law. The Dutch LGBT rights movement was revived in 1945 when the Center for Culture and Recreation, short COC, was created in The Hague by  which published the magazine "Levensrecht" ("Right To Live"). In the late 1940s into the 1960s several Dutch psychiatrists and clergy began to see homosexuality as a minor mental illness. During the sexual revolution of the 1960s, this more open-minded point of view resulted in a less repressive attitude towards homosexuality and the legalization of adultery, abortion, and pornography. Prostitution was legalized in 1993.