Since 1526, the town was under Ottoman rule. During this time, it was mainly populated by Muslims. In 1566-69, Ilok had 238 Muslim and 27 Christian houses. In 1572, it had 386 Muslim, and 18 Christian houses. In 1669, the population of Ilok numbered 1,160 houses, and town possessed two mosques. It was kaza centre in Sanjak of Syrmia. Habsburg army firstly occupied Ilok in 1688, but Ottomans recaptured it in 1690. In 1697, Habsburg army definitively retook Ilok from the Ottomans and the Muslim population fled. During the Habsburg rule, Ilok belonged to the Kingdom of Slavonia, a Habsburg province that belonged to both the Kingdom of Croatia, and the Kingdom of Hungary. Between 1849-68, the Kingdom of Slavonia was completely separate Habsburg crownland, and in 1868 it was joined with the Kingdom of Croatia to form the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Ilok was a district capital in the Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. In 1918, Ilok first became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and then part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (in 1929 renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia). From 1929-39, Ilok was part of the Danube Banovina and, from 1939–41, of the Banovina of Croatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Between 1941-44, during the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, it belonged to the Independent State of Croatia. From 1945 onward, it was part of the People's Republic of Croatia within Socialist Yugoslavia. On 17 October 1991 during the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence, non-Serbs fled as the Yugoslav National Army led by Serbs paramilitaries occupied the area, but spared it from destruction due to its rapid surrounding and occupation. Between 1991-95, Ilok was part of the Republic of Serb Krajina. The area was peacefully reintegrated into Croatia in 1998. Ilok is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia. According to the 2011 census, the Town of Ilok had 6,767 inhabitants. Note: "It became independent administrative unit (town) in 2001 census, from the old Municipality of Vukovar."