Bulinus  Bulinus is a genus of small tropical freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Bulinidaez, the ramshorn snails and their allies. This genus is medically important because several species of "Bulinus" function as intermediate hosts for the schistosomiasis blood fluke. Miocene genus "Kosovia" was synonymized "Bulinus" in 2017. These snails are widespread in Africa including Madagascar and the Middle East. This genus has not yet become established in the USA, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA. The shell of species in the genus "Bulinus" is sinistral. It has a very large body whorl and a small spire. Species within the genus "Bulinus" have been placed into four species groups: the "Bulinus africanus" group, "Bulinus forskalii" group, "Bulinus reticulatus" group and the "Bulinus truncatus/tropicus" complex. For the most part, species have been classified on the basis of their morphology although, in recent decades, the study of ploidy, allozymes and DNA methods have all played an increasing role in species discrimination. Morphological characters, whilst adequate to allocate a specimen to a species group are sometimes unreliable when used to classify at higher resolution especially within the "Bulinus africanus" group. There are 37 (or 38 species when the "Bulinus mutandensis" is recognized as a separate species) species within the genus "Bulinus" including:  "Bulinus africanus" group - 10 species  "Bulinus forskalii" group - 11 species  "Bulinus reticulatus" group - 2 species  "Bulinus truncatus/tropicus" complex - 14-15 species  other  This article incorporates CC-BY-2.5 text from the reference