The amphibians of the Western Ghats are diverse and unique, with more than 80% of the 179 amphibian species being endemic to the rainforests of the mountains. The endangered purple frog was discovered in 2003. Several families of frogs, namely of the genera Micrixalus, Indirana, Nyctibatrachus, are endemic to this region. Endemic genera include the toads Pedostibes, Ghatophryne, Xanthophryne; arboreal frogs such as Ghatixalus, Mercurana and Beddomixalus; and microhylids like Melanobatrachus. New frog species were described from the Western Ghats in 2005, and more recently a new species, monotypic of its genus Mysticellus, was discovered. The region is also home to many caecilian species.  , 288 freshwater fish species were listed for the Western Ghats, including 35 also known from brackish or marine water. Several new species have been described from the region since then (e.g., "Dario urops" and "S. sharavathiensis"). There are 118 endemic species, including 13 genera entirely restricted to the Western Ghats ("Betadevario", "Dayella", "Haludaria", "Horabagrus", "Horalabiosa", "Hypselobarbus", "Indoreonectes", "Lepidopygopsis", "Longischistura", "Mesonoemacheilus", "Parapsilorhynchus", "Rohtee" and "Travancoria"). There is a higher fish richness in the southern part of the Western Ghats than in the northern, and the highest is in the Chalakudy River, which alone holds 98 species. Other rivers with high species numbers include the Periyar, Bharatapuzha, Pamba and Chaliyar, as well as upstream tributaries of the Kaveri, Pambar, Bhavani and Krishna rivers. The most species rich families are the Cyprinids (72 species), hillstream loaches (34 species; including stone loaches, now regarded a separate family), Bagrid catfishes (19 species) and Sisorid catfishes (12 species). The region is home to several brilliantly coloured ornamental fishes like the Denison (or red line torpedo) barb, melon barb, several species of "Dawkinsia" barbs, zebra loach, "Horabagrus" catfish, dwarf pufferfish and dwarf Malabar pufferfish.