Archduke Charles (1809 ship)  Archduke Charles was built in Newcastle, England in 1809. She was sheathed in copper in 1810 and partially resheathed with copper in 1812. She made one voyage transporting convicts from Ireland to New South Wales, and on her return voyage to Britain she carried a cargo from China for the British East India Company (EIC). She was wrecked in 1816 while carrying troops from Quebec to Nova Scotia. Her first master was a Captain Simpson. She was twice issued a letter of marque, which authorized her captain to take offensive action against French vessels, not just defensive action, should the opportunity arise. The first was issued on 20 March 1810 to Henry Moore, as master of "Archduke Charles". Between 1810 and 1812, "Archduke Charles" was in the South Seas. She may have engaged in whaling, but this is not certain. Her second letter of marque was issued to John Paul Jeffreys on 20 March 1812. In 1813, "Archduke Charles", J.P. Jeffries [sic], transported convicts from Ireland to Australia. She departed Cork on 15 May 1812. She called at Rio de Janeiro where "Indefatigable" and "Minstrel" joined her. The three vessels left Rio together on 11 August, but "Archduke Charles" parted the next day. Six days after they left Rio, a gale separated "Minstrel" and "Indefatigable". "Archduke Charles" lost her rudder in a gale on 8 September, which delayed her. She reached the Cape on 25 September. There she effected repairs and did not depart until 19 December. "Archduke Charles" arrived on 16 February 1813 in Port Jackson, New South Wales. She had embarked 147 male and 54 female convicts; two male convicts died during the voyage. She was one of only two convict transports after 1811 to carry both men and women convicts; after 1815, no vessel did. "Archduke Charles" then again engaged in whaling, before returning to Port Jackson. She left Port Jackson on 17 September bound for China. There were eight stowaways aboard. When "Archduke Charles" arrived at China the authorities apprehended the stowaways and returned them to Australia in 1815 on the "Frederick". "Archduke Charles" left Whampoa anchorage on 24 January 1814.