Mercedes Cabanillas  Mercedes Cabanillas Bustamante (born May 22, 1947) is a Peruvian educator and politician. A prominent member of the Peruvian Aprista Party, she served as Minister of Education in the first presidency of Alan García, making her the first woman to assume a cabinet position in the history of Peru. Most recently, she briefly served as Minister of Interior in Alan García's second administration, a position subject to scrutiny as she was signaled as responsible of the repression of natives in the 2009 Amazon crisis, in Bagua, which forced her to resign, and effectively ended her political career. Throughout most of her political career, Cabanillas served as a congresswoman in a variety of non-consecutive terms between 1985 and 2011. In 1995, she became the first woman to be selected as a major party presidential nominee with the Peruvian Aprista Party, placing third in the general election. She would go on to be elected as the second woman to be President of Congress in 2006. Cabanillas retired from politics after a failed congressional reelection bid in the 2011 general election. Her parents were Armando Cabanillas Olaechea and Emma Bustamante, both members of the Peruvian Aprista Party. She entered the Party in 1961, exercising various offices such as member of the National Command of the Youth Wing Juventud Aprista Peruana, National Secretary of Women Affairs, and in 1982, the Women Political Action Committee. She majored in Education and Human Science at the Federico Villarreal National University, earning a Bachelor's degree. She would pursue an M.A. and Ph.D. in Education Administration from the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University. She was elected to Congress as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies for the term 1985-1990. She entered the Government when President Alan García appointed her Minister of Education in 1987, after the resignation of the Cabinet led by Prime Minister Luis Alva Castro. At the helm, she promised to attend the demands of the teachers syndicate, SUTEP. She began with a raise of 35% for the public teachers. She visited schools in Lima and Provinces. Surprisingly, in 1988, the Electoral Committee of the Party elected her as Candidate for Mayor of Lima. She resigned from office in August 1988 to run for the mayorship, placing fourth. After placing fourth in the mayorship race, she ran for a seat in the Senate, gaining the highest number of votes (328,714), thus elected Senator for the term 1990-1995.