Opéra national du Rhin  The Opéra national du Rhin is an opera company which performs in Alsace, eastern France, and which includes the Opéra in Strasbourg, in Mulhouse where the "Ballet de l'Opéra national du Rhin" is based, a national center for choreography since 1985), and in Colmar with its "Opéra Studio", a training center for young singers. A reflection of its importance is the status of “national opera” which it has held since 1997. The Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg and the Orchestre symphonique de Mulhouse are the usual orchestras of this institution  The first opera house opened in Strasbourg in 1701 in a converted granary. After a fire and temporary locations, a new "Théâtre municipal" opened in the Place Broglie in 1821. This building was virtually gutted during the German bombardment of 1870, but it was rebuilt in identical style, re-opening in 1873. During the German era up to 1919, several eminent conductors held posts at the Strasbourg opera: Hans Pfitzner (1910–19), Wilhelm Furtwängler (1910–11), Otto Klemperer (1914–17) and George Szell (1917–1919). From 1919-38 Paul Bastide was musical director; he returned after the Second World War with notable stagings of "Béatrice et Bénédict" (first French staging), and "Martine" by Rabaud (premiere). From 1948-53, under Roger Lalande, the theatre saw the first French productions of "Peter Grimes" (1949), "Mathis der Maler" (1951), and "The Rake's Progress" (1952). The spirit of innovation continued under Frédéric Adam, director from 1955-72 - a "Ring" with Birgit Nilsson and French premieres of "Il prigioniero", "Oedipus rex", "Jenůfa", "Die Frau ohne Schatten" and "Dalibor"; there was also a production of "Les Troyens". The merger to form the Opéra du Rhin took place in 1972 under the conductor Alain Lombard, with the Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg and the Orchestre symphonique de Mulhouse being the performance orchestras in those locations.