Peru–United States relations  Peru–United States relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of Peru and the United States of America. The independence of Peru from Spain was recognized by the United States on May 2, 1826. Relations reached their lowest point during the United States invasion of Panama of 1989, when Peru recalled its ambassador in protest of American military actions. However, relations were restored and have recovered and vastly expanded in the decades since. According to various global opinion polls, Peruvian public perception of the United States is very positive, with 70% of Peruvians viewing the U.S. favorably in 2015 (compared to 67% in 2002 and 62% in 2005) and 55% of Peruvians viewing American influence positively in 2013. According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, 34% of Peruvians approve of U.S. leadership, with 27% disapproving and 39% uncertain. Peru enjoys strong and cooperative relations with the United States. Relations were strained following the tainted re-election of former President Alberto Fujimori in June 2000, but improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of the government of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001. Relations with President Alan García's administration were positive, and that continued to be the case with the administration of the former President, Pablo Kuczynski. The United States continues to promote the strengthening of democratic institutions and human rights safeguards in Peru and the integration of Peru into the world economy. The United States and Peru cooperate on efforts to interdict the flow of narcotics, particularly cocaine, to the United States. Bilateral programs are now in effect to reduce the flow of drugs through Peru's port systems and to perform ground interdiction in tandem with successful law enforcement operations. These U.S. Government-supported law enforcement efforts are complemented by an aggressive effort to establish an alternative development program for coca farmers in key coca growing areas to voluntarily reduce and eliminate coca cultivation. This effort is funded by the Department of State's Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). U.S. investment and tourism in Peru have grown substantially in recent years. The U.S. is Peru's number one trade partner, and economic and commercial ties will deepen if the U.S.–Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA) is passed by the U.S. Congress. About 200,000 U.S. citizens visit Peru annually for business, tourism, and study.