Bible translations into Polish  The earliest Bible translations into the Polish language date to the 13th century. The first full ones were completed in the 16th. The history of Polish-language translation of books of the Bible begins with the Psalter. The earliest recorded translations date to the 13th century, around 1280; however, none of these survive. The oldest surviving Polish translation of the Bible is the St. Florian's Psalter ("Psałterz floriański"), assumed to be a copy of that translation, itself a manuscript of the second half of the 14th century, in the abbey of Saint Florian, near Linz, in Latin, Polish and German. A critical edition of the Polish part of the St. Florian's Psalter was published by Wladysław Nehring ("Psalterii Florianensis pars Polonica", Poznań, 1883) with a very instructive introduction. Slightly more recent than the St. Florian's Psalter is the Puławy Psalter (now in Kraków) dating from the end of the 15th century (published in facsimile, Poznań, 1880). There were also a 16th-century translation of the New Testament, and more fragmentary translations, none of which have been preserved in their full form to the present. In the mid-15th century, an incomplete Bible, the "Queen Sophia's Bible" ("Biblia królowej Zofii", named after Sophia of Halshany, for whom it was intended, dating to before 1455), contains Genesis, Joshua, Ruth, Kings, Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, II (III) Esdras, Tobit, and Judith. With the Reformation, translation activity increased as the different confessions endeavored to supply their adherents with texts of the Bible. An effort to secure a Polish-language Bible for Lutherans was made by Duke Albert of Prussia in a letter directed in his name to Melanchthon. The Brest Bible, the first complete Bible in Polish, was commissioned by Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł and printed in 1563 in Brest-Litovsk. Jan Seklucjan (1510–1578), preacher at Königsberg, was commissioned to prepare a translation, and he published the New Testament at Königsberg in 1551 and 1552. The Polish Reformed (Calvinists) received the Bible through Prince Nicholas Radziwill (1515–65).