Zihui  The 1615 Zìhuì is a Chinese dictionary edited by the Ming Dynasty scholar Mei Yingzuo (). It is renowned for introducing two lexicographical innovations that continue to be used in the present day: the 214-radical system for indexing Chinese characters, which replaced the classic "Shuowen Jiezi" dictionary's 540-radical system, and the radical-and-stroke sorting method. The dictionary title combines "zì" "character; script; writing; graph; word" and "huì" "gather together; assemble; collection; list". Early forms of the graph "huì" 彙 depicted a "hedgehog" ("wèi" ), and it was borrowed as a phonetic loan character for the word huì "gather together; collection", both of which, in the simplified character system, are . In modern Chinese usage, "zìhuì" or means "glossary; wordbook; lexicon; dictionary; vocabulary; (computing) character set" ("Wenlin" 2016). English translations of "Zihui" include "Compendium of Characters" (Creamer 1992), "Collection of Characters" (Zhou and Zhang 2003), "The Comprehensive Dictionary of Chinese Characters" (Yong and Peng 2008), and "Character Treasure" (Ulrich 2010)  The "Zihui" dictionary comprises 14 volumes (), with a comprehensive and integrated format that many subsequent Chinese dictionaries followed. Volume 1 contains the front matter, including Mei Yingzuo's preface dated 1615, style guide, and appendices. For instance, the "Sequences of Strokes" shows the correct stroke order, which is useful for students, "Ancient Forms" uses early Chinese script styles to explain the six Chinese character categories, and "Index of Difficult Characters" lists graphs whose radicals were difficult to identify (Yong and Peng 2008: 287-288). Volume 14 encompasses the back matter, with three main appendices. "Differentiation" lists 473 characters with similar forms but different pronunciations and meanings, such as and or and . "Rectification" corrects misunderstandings of 68 characters commonly used in contemporary printed books. "Riming" gives rime tables intended to explain the four tones of Middle Chinese and "fanqie" pronunciation glosses (Yong and Peng 2008: 287). Note that the above image of early "Zihui" dictionaries shows the traditional hand representation of the four tone classes.