Union of Communists of Slovakia  The Union of Communists of Slovakia (, ZKS) was a communist party in Slovakia (Czech and Slovak Federative Republic) in 1991-1992. Juraj Janošovský was the party chairman. ZKS emerged from the Communist Refoundation Platform of KSS ("Platforma komunistickej obnovy KSS", PKO), a faction formed inside the Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) in 1990. In March 1991 PKO formed ZKS as a new party. ZKS was registered with the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic in Bratislava on March 19, 1991. The formation of the party was announced at a press conference held in Bratislava on April 17, 1991. The chairman of the preparatory committee of the party was Pavel Koyš, former Minister of Culture. ZKS did not position itself as a successor party of the erstwhile Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS), and rejected what it labelled as 'Stalinist and neo-Stalinist' practices of the earlier communist government. ZKS pledged to apply Marxism-Leninism creatively, rejecting the notion of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat and the role of the vanguard party. The party favoured an equal federation between the Czech Lands and Slovakia. ZKS positioned itself as a leftist alternative to the mainstream post-communist Party of the Democratic Left (SDL). The party had a significant number of former members of the Slovak Academy of Sciences amongst its ranks. Ahead of the 1992 elections ZKS, Communist Party of Slovakia – 91 (KSS '91), the Bratislava Left Alternative (LA), the Workers Forum (FR) and the Party of Romani Integration formed a Slovak 'left bloc'. ZKS and KSS '91 were close, but there were certain key differences. KSS '91 adhered to the political line of Alexander Dubček, whilst ZKS sought to distance itself from the previous regime. Moreover, KSS '91 was politically close to the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) and obtained material support from their Czech brother party. ZKS had contacts with KSČM, and KSČM appealed to both ZKS and KSS '91 to join the KSČM-SDL Federation. ZKS and KSS '91 decided to contest the elections jointly. However, the electoral legislation did not allow two parties to pool their votes together to reach the electoral threshold.