A lady's mantle (alchemilla), and a moss (mosses, Grimmiaceae). Lichen covers the trees of the alpine area. Vegetation throughout the park is divided into three sections, Montane forest (1900-3000m), Ericaceous Belt or SubAfroalpine (2700-3700m) and the Afroalpine (3700-5433m). Within the Montane forest there are Juniper trees ("Juniperous procera"), African Redwood ("Hagenia abyssinica)," African Olive ("Olea africana)," Fig Trees ("Ficus spp)," and Waterberry Trees ("Szygium guineense)." There are also many varieties of shrubs including Nightshade ("Solanum sessilistellatum"), Abyssinian rose ("Rosa abyssinica)," Cowslip ("primula verticillata"), and Stinging Nettle ("Urtica"). The ridges and canyons have scattered meadows, forests and bushes. At one time, the St. John's wort ("Hypericum" spp.) Forests grew from 3,000 m to 3,800 m above sea level, but now it is almost gone. The exact number is not known. The park is populated with over 130 bird species and over 20 large mammal species such as gelada baboon ("Theropithecus gelada"), Ethiopian wolf (also called Simen fox, "Canis simensis"), Walia ibex ("Capra walie"), wild mountain goats and the Anubis baboon. Inhabits on the slope of the northern slope of massif are mostly native to the Semien Mountains, and most of them are found in the park. The Ethiopian wolf is endemic to Ethiopia and other mammals include hamadryas baboon, colobus monkey, leopard, caracal, wild cat, spotted hyena and golden jackal. There are also large herbivores, such as bushbuck, common duiker, and klipspringer. The 400 species of birds include lammergeyer, Verreaux's eagle, kestrels, vultures, lanner falcon ("Falco biarmicus"), African buzzard (augur buzzard) and thick-billed raven. A total of 21 species of mammals, 3 species of endemic species, 63 species of birds and 7 species of endemic species are recorded. It was established as a national park in 1969 and is protected under the National Reserve Act.