The curriculum for the Doctor of Medicine degree spans four years, combining required courses with electives. First-year students learn human anatomy and basic biomedical science in classes offered by the basic science departments, while beginning a two-year course of study in clinical studies. Second-year students study pathophysiology and take courses from almost every clinical and basic science department in the school. In their third year, M.D. candidates are required to participate in six eight-week Medical clerkships with area medical institutions, covering both ambulatory clinics and hospitals. The final year is spent on additional clerkships, the designation of an area of focus, and preparation for a post-graduation residency. In addition to imparting medical and clinical knowledge, the M.D. program is designed to teach "interpersonal and communications skills", "professionalism", and other practical skills for a medical career. Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine also offers the Doctor of Philosophy degree to train students as biomedical researchers and scientists. The PhD is available in six fields offered by the basic science departments: pharmacology and toxicology, molecular and cell biology, immunology, molecular pathogenesis, systems biology, and experimental and molecular medicine. Research and teaching positions at DMS and its centers and institutes are available to PhD candidates. Like the undergraduate portion of Dartmouth College, the Geisel School of Medicine operates on a quarter system. As part of the larger institution, DMS is ultimately administered by Dartmouth's President and Board of Trustees. The school is directly managed by a Dean who is advised by a 22-member Board of Overseers. , the school operates on a budget of $237 million. Besides research conducted within the infrastructure of academic departments, research at Geisel is also organized around over a dozen research centers and institutes. The centers cover various medical subjects such as neuroscience, oncology (Norris Cotton Cancer Center), psychiatry, and pediatrics. Funded research at Geisel School of Medicine amounted to $140 million during the 2012-2013 academic year;  The Medical School publishes a magazine for alumni and friends, "Dartmouth Medicine". In addition, the school also publishes an innovative literary journal, Lifelines (literary journal)  In the fall of 2013, 85 students enrolled in the Doctor of Medicine program from an applicant pool of 4,290, with the Office of Admissions offering an acceptance rate of 6 percent. Applicants from the previous year had an average score in the numerically graded sections of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) of 33 and an average undergraduate grade point average (GPA) of 3.65.