What factors are associated with a higher risk of CIED infection?
Several studies have identified characteristics associated with CIED infections, including diabetes mellitus, heart failure, generator replacement, renal dysfunction, oral anticoagulant use, long-term corticosteroid use, the presence of more than 2 pacing leads, fever within 24 hours before implantation, use of preprocedural temporary pacing, early reintervention, implantation of a new system, and lack of periprocedural antimicrobial prophylaxis.