Bowman \200\231s capsule: epithelial-lined \200\230cup \200\231 surrounding the glomerulus in the kidney. Sir William Paget Bowman (1816 \200\2231892). Surgeon to Birmingham General Hospital. Elected FRS in 1841. FRCS 1844. Won the Royal Medal of the Royal Society for his description of the Malpighian body of the kidney. He proposed the theory of urine producti on by \201 ltration of plasma. Described as the father of histology. In 1846 became surge on to Moor \201 elds Eye Hospital. An early proponent of the ophthalmoscope and the \201 rst in England to treat glaucoma by iridectomy (1862). Camper \200\231s fascia: super \201 cial layer of super \201 cial fascia (fat) of abdomen and inguinal region. Pieter Camper (1722 \200\2231789). Physician and anatomist in Leyden, The Netherlands. Charri re system: system of measurement for \200\230sizing \200\231 catheters and stents. Joseph Charri re (1803 \200\2231876). Surgical instrument maker in Paris. Clutton \200\231s sounds: metal probes for dilating the urethra (originally used for \200 \230sounding \200\231 for bladder stones). Henry Clutton (1850 \200\2231909). Surgeon to St .Thomas \200\231s Hospital, London. UROLOGICAL EPONYMS 817 Colles fascia: super \201 cial fascia of the perineum. Abraham Colles (1773 \200\2231843). Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in Dublin. Denonvilliers fascia: rectovesical fascia. Charles Denonvilliers (1808 \200\2231872). Profe ssor of Anatomy, Paris and later Professor of Surgery. Dormia basket: basket for extracting stones from the ureter. Enrico Dormia. Assistant Profe ssor of Surgery, Milan. Douglas, Pouch of: rectouterine pouch (in females), rectovesical pouch (in males). James Do uglas (1675 \200\2231742). Anatomist. Physician to the Queen. Foley catheter: balloon catheter, designed to be self-retaining. Foley pyeloplasty Frederic Foley (1891 \200\2231966). Urologist, St Paul \200\231s, Minneso ta. Fournier \200\231s gangrene: fulminating gangrene of external genitalia and lower abdominal wall. Jean Fournier (1832 \200\2231914). Professor of Dermatology, H pital St Louis, Pari s. Also recognized the association between syphilis and tabes dorsalis. Gerota \200\231s fascia: the renal fascia. Dumitru Gerota (1867 \200\2231939). Professor of Surgery, University of Budapest. (Loop of) Henle: U-shaped segment of the nephron between the proxi- mal and distal convolut ed tubules. Friedrich Henle (1809 \200\2231885). Professor of Anatomy, Zurich and G ttinge n. von Hippel \200\223Lindau syndrome: syndrome of multiple renal cancers. Eugen von Hippel (1 867 \200\2231939). Ophthalmologist in Berlin. Arvid Lindau (b 1892). Swedish pathologist. Hunner \200\231s ulcer: ulcer in bladder in interstitial cystitis. Guy Hunner (1868 \200 \2231957). Professor of Gynecology, Johns Hopkins. Jaboulay procedure: operation for hydrocele repair (excision of hydro- cele sac). Mathieu J aboulay (1860 \200\2231913). Professor of Surgery, Lyon. Klinefelter \200\231s syndrome: male hypogonadism with XXY chromosome complement. Harry Kli nefelter (b 1912). Associate Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins. CHAPTER 19 Urological eponyms 818 Kockerization of the duodenum: mobilization of the 2nd part of the duo- denum. Used to expo se the inferior vena cava and right renal vein during radical nephrectomy. Emil Kocker (184 1 \200\2231917). Professor of Surgery, Berne University. A founder of modern surgery. Won t he Nobel Prize in 1909 for work on the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gl and. Lahey forceps: curved forceps used during surgery. Frank Lahey (1880 \200\2231953). Head of Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Boston. Langenbeck retractor: commonly used retractor during surgery. Bernard von Langenbeck (1810 \200\2231887). Professor of Surgery, Kiel and Berlin. A great teacher and surgeon. Leydig cells: interstitial cells of the testis. Franz von Leydig (1821 \200\2231908). Profe ssor of Histology, W rtzburg, T bingen, Bonn. Mal cot catheter: large bore catheter, used for drainage of kidney fol- lowing PCNL. Achil le Mal cot (b 1852). Surgeon in Paris. Millin \200\231s prostatectomy: retropubic open prostatectomy. Terence Millin (d 1980). Iri sh surgeon, trained in Dublin. Surgeon at Middlesex and Guy \200\231s Hospitals and later, Westminster Hospital. Became President of the British Association of Urological Surgeons an d then President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland. Peyronie \200\231s disease: \201 brosis of shaft of penis, causing a bend of the penis du ring erection. Fran ois Peyronie (1678 \200\2231747). Surgeon to Louis XV in Paris. Pfannenstiel incision: suprapubic incision used for surgery to the bladder and uterus. Herm ann Pfannenstiel (1862 \200\2231909). Gynecologist from Breslau. (Cave of ) Retzius: prevesical space. Andreas Retzius (1796 \200\2231860). Professor of Ana tomy and Physiology at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm. Santorini \200\231s plexus: plexus of veins on the ventral surface of the prostate. Giandom enico Santorini (1681 \200\2231738). Professor of Anatomy and Medicine in Venice. Wrote a g reat work on anatomy, Observationes anatomicae, published in Venice in 1724. Scarpa \200\231s fascia: deep layer of the super \201 cial fascia of the abdominal wall. A ntonio Scarpa (1747 \200\2231832). Professor of Anatomy in Modena and Pavia. Sertoli cells: supportive cells of testicular epithelium. Entrico Sertoli (1842 \200\223191 0). Professor of Experimental Physiology, Milan. Trendelenburg position: head down operating position. Friedrich Trendelenburg (1844 \200 \2231924). Langenbeck \200\231s assistant in Berlin and was then Professor of Surgery at Ro stock, Bonn, and then Leipzig. UROLOGICAL EPONYMS 819 Weigert \200\231s law: inverse position of ectopic ureter (the ureter of the upper moiety o f a duplex system) drains distally into the bladder (or below into the urethra), whereas th e lower pole ureter drains into a proximal posi- tion in the bladder. Carl Weigert (1845 \200\2231904). German pathologist. Wilms \200\231 tumor: nephroblastoma of kidney. Max Wilms (1867 \200\2231918). Surgical ass istant to Trandeleburg in Leipzig and subsequently Professor of Surgery in Leipzig. Later, Professor of Surgery in Basle and Heidelberg. Young \200\231s prostatectomy: perineal prostatectomy. Hugh Hampton Young (1870 \200\223194 5). Professor of Urology, John Hopkins School of Medicine. 820 Index A abdominal distension 29 abdominal anterior urethral strictures 124 ballistic lithotripsy 450, 451 BCG 280, 816 Beh et \200\231s syndrome 232 benign prostatic hyperplasia anterior wall prolapse 170 antibiotics examination 28 \200\2239 abiraterone 359, 360 abscess pre-operative 702 \200\2233, 704 prescribing in (BPH) alpha blocker therapy 86 androgens 72 anticholinergic therapy 92 bladder outlet pregnancy 643 UTI prophylaxis 187 \200\2238 anticholinergic therapy 92, perinephric 192 \200\2233 peri-urethral 204 prostatic 211 psoas 33 148 obstruction 73 characteristics 72 clinical practice guidelines 76 antidiuretic hormone acid-base balance 804 \200\2235 acquired immunode \201 ciency (ADH) 802 antiplatelets 699 apomorphine 576 arteriovenous \201 stula 517, syndrome 226 acquired renal cystic disease 402 \200\2233 combination therapy 90 diagnostic tests 76 high intensity focused 518 Acucise 413 acute bacterial arti \201 cial heart valves 702 arti \201 cial urinary ultrasound (HIFU) 95 invasive surgical prostatitis 210 acute epididymitis 206 acute loin pain 20 \200\22321 acute pyelonephritis 1 76, sphincter 146, 147, 625, 627 aspirin 699 assisted conception 565 assisted reproductive tech niques 565 atypical small acinar proliferation 330 alternatives to TURP 96 laser prostatectomy 96 \200\2237, 98 190, 193, 642 minimally invasive surgery 94 acute urinary retention causes 102 \200\2233, 104 de \201 nition 102 de \201 nitive open prostatectomy 100 phytotherapy 92 5 -reductase inhibitor audit 6 augmentation management 106, 107 therapy 88 transurethral initial management 106 options to avoid TURP 106 enterocystoplasty 150 autoaugmentation 150 autoclaving 736 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 404 \200 \2236, 677 electrovaporization of prostate (TUVP) 96 transurethral microwave pathophysiology 102 post-operative 103 precipitating events 102 pregnancy 641 risk factors 102, 103 TURP 107 thermotherapy (TUMT) 94 autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease 677 azoospermia 560 transurethral radiofrequency needle ablation (TUNA) 94 transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) 100 ADH 802 AdVance \204 143, 144 age-associated testosterone de \201 ciency 594 \200\2235, 5 95 watchful waiting for uncomplicated cases 84 B bacteraemia 19 bacterial prostatitis 208, aggregation 434 AIDS 226 Alcock \200\231s canal 817 alpha blocker therapy 86 alpha-fetoprot ein 384 alpharadin 360 amiodarone 206 Anderson-Hynes benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) dynamic and static components 73 symptoms and signs 74 210 bacterial resistance 184 bacteriuria 176, 177 Baden-Walker bicalutamide 355 bicarbonate classi \201 cation 170 pyeloplasty 816 androgen resistance 682 anejaculation 592, 592 \200\2233 angiomyolipoma 244 angiotensin I/II 803 anorgasmia 592, 593 antenatal reabsorption 804 \200\2235 balanitis 230 bilateral pelvic Zoon \200\231s (plasma cell) 231, lymphadenectomy 336 364 bilharzia 222, 223 Birt-Hogg-Dub balanitis xerotica obliterans 125, 230, 364 syndrome 250 balanoposthitis 228, 230, bladder 364 hydronephrosis 658 afferent innervation 604 Balkan nephropathy 260 INDEX 821 Bowenoid papulosis 364, pathology 266 PET 58 photodynamic bladder: (continued) 365 botox injections 616 cancer, see bladder Bowen \200\231s disease 365 Bowman \200\231s capsule 816 brachytherapy 286, 346 brainstem l esions 634 buffering systems 804 bulbocavernosus re \202 ex 30 \200\2231 detection 275 cancer predicting recurrence and computed tomography 57 deafferentation 619, 620 embryology 646, 647 enlarged 29 low complia nce 130 motor innervation 604, progression 277 radical cystectomy with urinary diversion 283, 284 Burch colposuspension 140 Buschke-L wenstein tumor 365 radical radiotherapy 286 risk factor 264, 265 salvage radical 794 neurological butter \202 y wing bruising 536, cystectomy 284 secondary cancer 266 secondary resection 276 signs 270 smoking link 264 spre ad 266 squamous cell disease 610 \200\22311; see also neuropathic bladder 537, 538, 539 overactive, see overactive bladder physiology 794 poor compliance 610 post-pelvic fracture injuries 526 \200\22330 C calcium oxalate stones 436, carcinoma 267 482 staging investigations 275, calcium phosphate stones 437, 484 282 survival 264 symptoms 270 systemic pregnancy 640 spontaneous rupture, calcium supplements 482 Calcuson 451 calyceal diverticulum 399 Camper \200\231s fascia 816 canal of N ck, post-augmentation 534 ultrasound 44 underactive 610, 692, 693 volume calculation 66 bladder augmentation 614, chemotherapy 289 TNM staging 266, 268 transitional cell hydrocele 32 \200\2233 carcinoma 266 transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) 276, 746 \200\2237 615 cancer bladder cancer haematuria 10 PET 58 see also speci \201 c cancers adenocarcinoma 266 adjuvant treatment 280 etiology 264 alternative to TURBT 276 BCG 280 ben ign tumors 266 catheterized urinary diversion Cantwell-Ransley technique 690 techniques 290 urine cytology 42, 274 urine molecular markers 274 bladder diary 133 bladder exstrophy 688 bladder injuries 532, 533 bladder outlet obstruction castrate-resistant prostate cancer 356, 360 casts 41 cataract surgery 87 catheters 714, 715 population 113 \200\22314, 623 clinical presentation 270 diagnosis 274 epidemiology 264 follow-up after TURBT 276 haematur ia 270, 272 histological grading 266 incidence 264 initial treatment 274 intravesical blockages 113, 722, 744, 747 bypassing 113 care 114 complications 111 neuropathic patients 622 suprapubic 110 u rethral 108, 111, 527 (BOO) causes 73 pathophysiological consequences 73 women 122 bladder pain syndrome 214, 217 cauda equina bladder stones 486, 487 bladder washout \202 uids and techniques 722, 723 chemotherapy 280 compression 548 \200\2239 locally advanced disease 288 cave of Retzius 818 cecoureterocele 670 cefalexin 188 cerebrovascular accidents 634 Charri re system 816 chemical sterilization 736 chimney sweepers \200\231 cancer 374 blind ectopic management ureterocele 670 blunt renal injuries 508 Boari \202 ap 524 Bolam test 740 bone scan 61 Bo nney \200\231s test 816 Bosniak \200\231s classi \201 cation 398 botulinum toxin-A 150, 15 2, summary 278 metastatic disease 289 mitomycin therapy 280 mortality 264 muscle-invasive 282 \200\2236 narrow-band imaging 275 occupational chlorine dioxide 736 chronic bacterial prostatitis 211 exposures 264, 265 614, 616 palliative care 287 partial cystectomy 282 bowel preparation 700 chronic epididymitis 207 INDEX 822 documentation 4 \200\2235, 741 Dormia basket 817 drains 714 \200\22316, 717, 719 drug-eluti ng stents 699 Dundee technique 545 duplex kidney 422 \200\2235 dutasteride 72, 88 3B-dydrox ysteroid dehydrogenase de \201 ciency 686 cutaneous horn 365 cyanide-nitroprusside chronic kidney disease, classi \201 cation 39 chronic loin pain 21 \200\2233 chronic pelvi c pain syndrome 212 chronic prostatitis/ colorimetric test 441 cyproterone acetate 355 cyst epididymal 34, 752 \200\2233 retention cysts of penis 364 sebaceous 35 umbilical 29 chronic pelvic pain syndrome 212 chronic pyelonephritis 196 chronic scrotal pain 26 \200\2237 chronic urinary dysfunctional voiding 692, cystectomy 283, 284, 693 768 \200\22370 retention 118 cystic kidney disease 242, 396 \200\2237, 398, 402 \200\2236, 676 high-pressure 16 \200\22317, 24, 74, 120 circumcision 750 \200\2231 \200\230clam \200\231 ileocytoplasty 150, E ectopic kidney 416, 418 ectopic ureter 668 ejaculation 568 \200\2239, 592 \200\2233, 593 anejaculation 592, 592 \200\2233 delayed 592, 593 premature 590 \200\2231 retrograde 588 cystine spot test 441 cystine stones 438, 464, 484 cystinuria 438, 441, 464 cystitis 176, 1 82 \200\2232 615 clearance 800 clearance ratio 800 cloacal exstrophy 689 Clostridium dif \201 cile 702 Clut ton \200\231s sounds 816 Cockcroft-Gault formula 38 Cohen repair 664 coital incontinence 12 9 Colles fascia 817 communication skills 2 \200\2233 complete androgen insensitivity syndro me 682, 686 interstitial 214, 217 malignant 270 non-infective 183 pregnancy 642 cystography 52 cystolit hotomy 786 \200\2237 cystometry 68, 69 cystoscopy 11, 12, 742 \200\2233 electroejaculation 593 electrohydraulic lithotripsy 446, 450 electromotive drug administration 790 \200\2231 embryology 646 \200\2238, 649 emphysematous D darifenacin 149 dartos pouch \201 xation 788 deafferentation 619, 620, pyelonephritis 193, 194, 195 completely patent urachus 29 endopyelotomy 413 endoscopic 627 deep vein complex renal cysts 396 \200\2237, cystolitholapaxy 786 \200\2237 endoscopy telescopes and light sources 738 \200\2239 398 computed thrombosis 706 \200\2239 de \201 nitive survey 507 De \202 ux 663 degarelix 354 delayed ejaculation 592, 593 Denonvilliers fascia 817 desmopressin tomography 54 \200\2234, 55 endotoxaemia 198 engrailed 2 (EN2) 324 enterocutaneous condom sheaths 623 condyloma acuminatum 364 congenital adrenal \201 stula 768, 772 hyperplasia 682, 687 epididymal cysts 34, 752 \200\2233 epididymal pain syndrome 27 congenital obstructive posterior urethral membrane 674 (DDAVP) 116, 695 detrusor are \202 exia 610 detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia 610, 6 11 detrusor hyperre \202 exia 610 detrusor muscle 794 detrusor myectomy 150 detrusor overa ctivity 128, epididymal tumors 374 epididymitis acute 206 chronic 207 consent 740 \200\2231 contact laser prostatectomy 96 continent diversion 291, 292 continent pouch 291 continuous epididymo-orchitis 26 tuberculous 35 epispadias 690 erectile dysfunction 572 \200\2237 130 incontinence 129 diathermy 732 \200\2235 digital image capture systems 738 \200\2239 contrast-enhanced ultra-low etiology 572, 574 de \201 nition 572 drug therapy for 576, 577 epidemiology 572 examinatio n 572 \200\2233 history 572 International Index of dose CT 56 contrast reaction 50 COPUM 674 cord hydrocele 32 \200\2233 cord lipoma 33 creati nine clearance 38 cross-checking 6 cryotherapy 348 cryptorchidism 377 crystals, urine 41 CT -KUB 56 digital rectal examination 30 \200\2231, 76, 315 dipstick test 8, 40, 182, 272, 466 disorders of sex Erectile Function short form (IIEF 5/SHIM) 575 investigation 573 development 682, 684, 685 \200\2237 DMSA scanning 61 INDEX 823 cystoscopy 11, 12 initial investigation 9 lower urinary tract symptoms 16 multidetector CT erectile dysfunction: (continued) 46XX testicular disorder of sex development 685 microvascular arterial bypass and venous ligation surgery 577 penile prosthesis 577, 578 ps ychosexual therapy 576 testosterone replacement 46XY disorders of sex development 682, 686 Fournier \200\231s gangrene 202, urography 11, 54 non-visible (microscopic/ dipstick) 8, 8 \200\2239, 272, 273, 466 pregnanc y 640 \200\2231 5 -reductase inhibitor 817 Fowler-Stephens procedure 651 Fowler \200\231s syndrome 73, therapy 577 103, 122 treatment 576 \200\2237, 578 vacuum erection devices 577 erection 568 \200\2239, 570 erythr oplasia of Queyrat 365 estimated glomerular \201 ltration rate (eGFR) 38, 39 exstrophy-ep ispadias complex 688 fractures pelvic 526 \200\22330 penile 542, 543 therapy 89 referral 9 renal trauma 512, 513 signi \201 cant 9 terminology 8 transient 8, 9 urine micr oscopy 272 urological frontal lobe lesions 634 Fuhrman grading system 246 G gamete intrafallopian investigations 11 \200\22313 visible (macroscopic/ gross) 8, 272 haemodia \201 ltration 807 haemodialysis 806 haemo \201 ltration 806 \200\2237 haemorrhagic shock 710 haemospermia 14 \200\22315 Henderson-Has selbalch external transfer (GIFT) 565 \200\230gating \200\231 mechanism 608 gender assignment 683 genital \201 lariasis 224 genital ridges 648 genital symptoms 26 \200\2237 genital tract sphincterotomy 614 extracorporeal lithotripsy 446, 447, 478, 479 extramammary Paget \200\231s disease 365 extraordinary daytime development 648, 649 equation 804 urinary frequency 692 extraurethral retropubic genital warts 364 genitourinary hydatid hernia 32, 34 high intensity focused adjustable compression devices 626 disease 224 ultrasound (HIFU) 95, 349 genitourinary tuberculosis 220 Gerota \200\231s fascia 817 giant condyloma high-pressure chronic retention 16 \200\22317, 24, 74, 120 F familial juvenile acuminatum 365 high reliability organizations giggle incontinence 692, 693 Gleason score 304, 305 glomerular \201 ltration rate (GFR) 3 8, 39, 800 \200\2231 glutathione-S-transferase P1 (HROs) 6 nephronophthisis 677 high riding prostate 528 \200\22330 HIV 226, 377 holmium laser ablation of prostate (HoLAP) 98 holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) 97 holmium laser resection of prostate (H oLRP) 98 femoral aneurysm 33 femoral hernia 32 fesoterodine 148 \201 lariasis 224 \201 nasteride 72, 88 \201 ne needle aspiration 243 \202 ank (loin) pain 20 \200\2233, 56, 488 \202 exible cystoscopy 742 \200\2233 \202 exible ureteroscopes 778 \202 exible ureteroscopy and (GSTP1) 324 gonadotrophin-releasing hormone 552 gonococcal urethritis 600, 601 gout 437 greenlight photoselective holmium:Yag laser 97, 730 \200\2231 Hopkins rod-lens laser fragmentation 454, 779 vaporization of prostate 96, 98, 731 system 738, 739 hormone replacement \202 uatmide 355 \202 uid balance 710 \202 uoroquinolones 188 Foley catheter 817 Fole y pyeloplasty 817 follicle-stimulating hormone 552 formation product 434 46XX disorders of sex groin lumps 32 \200\2233 guidewires 720 \200\2231 gumma of testis 35 gunshot wounds 508, 54 2 therapy, see testosterone therapy horseshoe kidney 416, 417 human chorionic gonadotrophin 384 human immunode \201 ciency H haematuria 8 virus 226, 377 human kallikrein 2 (hK2) 325 development 682, 687 bladder cancer 270, 272 cancer link 10 causes 10 human papilloma virus (HPV) 364, 368 46XX \200\230pure \200\231 gonadal dysgenesis 685 INDEX 824 anatomy 796 \200\2237, 798 assessing function 38, 39 ectopic 416, 418 enlarged 28 horseshoe 416, 417 malrotation 420, 421 obstruction of solitary inguinal hernia 32, 34 inguinal lymph node enlargement 32 Hunner \200\231s ulcer 214, 215, 817 hyaline cast 41 hydatid disease 224 hydrocele 26, 32 \200\2233, 34, insensible incontinence 129 intermittent catheterization 622 International Index of 752 \200\2233 hydronephrosis 44, 45, kidney 498 Erectile Function short form (IIEF 5) 575 International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) 16 492 \200\2234 kidney stones antenatal 658 neuropathic patients 630 pregnancy 644 17 -hydroxylase de \201 ciency 686 h ypercalcaemia 436 hypercalciuria 436 hypernephroma, see renal aggregation 434 airline pilots 444 calcium oxalate stones 436, 482 calcium phosphate stones 437, 484 classi \201 cation 432 \200\2233 clinica lly insigni \201 cant Interstim 116, 150, 636 interstitial cystitis 214, 217 interstitial laser prostatectomy 96 intraoperative \202 oppy iris cell carcinoma hyperoxaluria 436 hyperprolactinaemia 564 hypertension, post-renal residual fragments 449 syndrome 87 intratubular germ cell composition 432 cystine stones 438, 464, neoplasia 377, 378, 390 484 intrauterine injury 518 diagnostic tests 442 diet 430 dissolution therapy 464 epidemiology 428 evaluation of stone former 440, 441 insemination 565 intravaginal ejaculatory latency time 590 hyperuricosuria 436 hypocitraturia 436 hypogonadism 596 \200\2237, 598 late-onset 594 \200 \2235, 595 secondary 564 intravenous pyelography 48, 49, 51 intravenous urography 48, hypospadias 678, 680 hypothalamic-pituitary- extracorporeal 49, 51 lithotripsy 446, 447 factors affecting stone formation 428 \202 exible ureteroscopy intrinsic sphincter testicular axis 552, 553 de \201 ciency 128, 131 hypovolaemic shock 506 InVance \204 143 IVF 565 I ICDs 734 \200\2235 iced glove method 545 ICSI 565 ileal conduit 290, 497, and laser fragmentation 454, 779 J Jaboulay procedure 752, \202 uid intake 429 infection stones 437, 484 intracorporeal 817 772 \200\2233 fragmentation 450, 451, 453, 453 JJ stents 724 \200\2239 ileal loopogram 52 impotence, see erectile alternatives 725 \200\2236 complications 726, 727 indications and uses 724 \200\2235 KUB X-ray 46 mechanisms of dysfunction incisions 760 \200\2231 incomplete androgen formation 434 non-functioning kidney 462 nucleation 434 obesity 429 open stone surgery 462 percutaneous insertion technique 762 post-ureteroscopy 727, insensitivity syndrome 682, 686 incontinence, see urinary 780 preparation 762 stent materials 724 symptoms 726 types 724, 725 ureteric injury incontinence infection stones 437, 484 infertility (male) 551 \200\22365 nephrolithotomy 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 518 \200\22319, 774 \200\2236 etiology 554 azoospermia 560 de \201 nition of treatment 524 \200\2235 predisposing factors 436 presentation 442 prevalence 428 prevention 482 recurrent 428 reduc ing risk of Johnsen score 558 joint replacement patients 702 \200\2233 subfertility 554 epidemiology 554 examination 555 history 555 investigation 556, 557, 558 o ligozoospermia 560 pathophysiology 554 semen analysis 556, 557 treatment options 564 varico cele 562 K Kaposi \200\231s sarcoma 365 Katayama fever 222 ketamine misuse 218 kidney recurrence 482 risk factors 440 seasonality 429 staghorn calculi 433, 445, 462 INDEX 825 lower midline, mesonephric ducts 646, 648 mesonephros 646 metabolic syndrome 597 metanephros 646 -methyl acyl CoA racemase kidney stones: (continued) extraperitoneal incision 760 lower urinary tract struvite (triple phosphate) stones 437 uric acid stones 436, symptoms (LUTS) 464, 484 bothersome symptoms 81 causes 16 \200\22317 classi \201 cation 78 conservative (AMACR) 324 watchful waiting 444, microseminoprotein-beta 445 (MSMB) 324 X-ray appearance 432 kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB) X-ray 46, 47 Klinefelter \200\231s syn drome 685, micturition 608, 794 \200\2235, 795 middle compartment prolapse 170 management 78 diagnostic tests in suspected benign prostate hyperplasia 76 drug treatment 79 haematuria 1 6 initial (primary care) midline, transperitoneal 817 incision 760 Kockerization of Millin \200\231s prostatectomy 818 mini tapes 143 mitomycin 280 Mitrofanoff procedure 122, duodenum 817 \200\22318 KTP (greenlight) laser vaporization of prostate 96, 98, 731 assessment 78, 79, 80 291 neurological disease 17 NICE 2010 Guidelines 78, mixed agglutination reaction 556 L lactate dehydrogenase 384 Lahey forceps 818 Langenbeck retractor 818 laparoscopic partial 79, 80, 82 pregnancy 641 prostate cancer 358 \200\2239 referral 79 specialist assessment 80 symptom index 16 terminology 16 treatment goals 81 urine retention risk 81, 82 mixed gonadal dysgenesis 685 mixed urinary incontinence 24, 128, 137 nephrectomy 254 Modi \201 cation of Diet in laparoscopic Renal Disease (MDRD) equation 38, 39 monosymptomatic pyeloplasty 413 laparoscopic radical prostatectomy 335 \200\2236, 339 Lue procedure 581 \200\2232 lumps nocturnal enuresis 694 M llerian laparoscopic surgery 784 \200\2235 laser lithotripsy 452, 453, groin 32 \200\2233 scrotal 34 \200\2235 (paramesonephric) ducts 646, 648 M llerian inhibiting substance 648 multicystic dysplastic 780 luteinizing hormone 552 luteinizing hormone- laser prostatectomy 96 \200\2237, 98 releasing hormone 552 lasers 730 \200\2231, 731 late-onset lymphoma, testicular 390 Lynch syndrome 260 kidney 676 multidetector CT hypogonadism 594 \200\2235, 595 urography 11, 54 multilocular cystic nephroma 677 multiple sclerosis 632 multiple system atrophy 632 mumps o rchitis 207 myeloproliferative disorders 437 Leadbetter-Politano M MAG3 renogram 60 magnetic resonance repair 664 Leibovich scoring system 255 leukocyte esterase 40, imaging 57 182 Mal cot catheter 818 malignant cystitis 270 malignant ureteric obstruction 546 Leydig cells 552, 818 LHRH agonists and antagonists 354 \200\2235 lichen planus 231, 364 lichen sclerosus 125, malrotation of kidney 420, N narrow-band imaging 275 needle biopsy 243 needle stick injury 227 neoplasia 236 nephrecto my 254, 764 \200\2235 nephroblastoma 238 nephron 796 \200\2237, 797, 798 nephro- 421 230, 364 lipoma, cord 33 Lithoclast 451 Lithovac 450 liver enlargement 28 loin ( \202 ank) pain 20 \200\2233, Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure 141 MDV-3100 357 medical expulsive therapy 470 medical notes 4 \200\2235, 741 Medtronic Interstim 116, 56, 488 long-term 150, 636 catheterization 622 ureterectomy 764 \200\2235 Nesbit procedure 581 \200\2232, medullary cystic disease 677 medullary sponge loop of Henle 817 Lord \200\231s plication 754 kidney 400 \200\2231, s8.f1 technique 752 neuroblastoma 239, 240 megaureter 666 INDEX 826 \200\230Page \200\231 kidney 518 Paquin \200\231s law 662 paramesonephric ducts 646, open cystolithotomy 786 \200\2237 open prostatectomy 100 open pyeloplasty 413 operation not es 5 optical urethrotomy 648 orchidectomy 354, 355, neurological disease 17, 610 \200\22311; see also neuropathic bladder neuromodulation 150, 636 neuropathic bladder 603 \200\22337 augmentation 614, 615 choice of bladder management t echnique 614 condom sheaths 623 deafferentation 619, 620 external 648 paraneoplastic syndromes 252 parapelvic cysts 396 paraphimosis 228, 545 parasitic infections 222, 223 pare nchymal transit time 61 Parkinson \200\231s disease 632 partial (incomplete) 385, 702 \200\2233 orchitis 34, 207 orgasmic dysfunction 592 \200\2233 orthotopic neobladde r 291 overactive bladder anticholinergic androgen insensitivity syndrome 682, 686 partial cystectomy 282, 769 partial nephrectomy 25 4 Partin \200\231s nomograms 309 patent urachus 29 patient records 4 \200\2235, 741 patient safety 6, 712 pearly penile papules 364 pelvic fractures 526 \200\22330 pelvic organ prola pse 170, medication 148 sphincterotomy 614 behavioral hydronephrosis 630 incontinence 624, 627 intermittent modi \201 cation 148 botulinum toxin-A 150, 152 catheterization 622 children 692, 693 conservative intra-sphincteric botox 614 management 148 intravesical botulinum toxin injections 616 de \201 nition 148, 610 neuromodulation 150 surgery 150 topical estrogen 149 urgency 24 long-term catheterization 622 neuromodulation 636 nitric oxide donors 614 storage and emptying proble ms 612 171, 172 pelviureteric junction obstruction 20 \200\2231, 412 \200\22314, 415, 672 overactive sphincter 610 over \202 ow incontinence 128 ovotesticular disorder of sex devel opment 685 penetrating renal injuries 508 urinary tract infections 628, 629 penile arteriography 573 penile cancer 368 \200\22370 oxybutinin 148 NICE Guidelines, LUTS in men 78, 79, 80, 82 nitric oxide donors 614 nitrite testing 40, 182 nitrofurantoin 187 nocturia 18 \200\22319, 116, 117 nocturnal enuresis 129, 694 nocturnal polyuria 18 \200\22319, clinical presentation 370 examination 370 follow-up 375 incidence 368 investigations 370 ly mphadenopathy 375 pathology 368 prognostic factors 369 risk factors 368 staging 368, 371, 3 72 survival 376 treatment 371 \200\2234 P pacemakers 734 \200\2235 pediatric urology 645 \200\22396 antenatal hydronephrosis 658 consent 741 cystic kidney disease 676 disorders of sex 79, 116, 117 non-gonococcal urethritis 600 \200\2231 non-monosymptomatic development 682, 684, 685 \200\2237 nocturnal enuresis 694 non-polyuric nocturia 116 non-seminomatous germ cell tumors 388 non- speci \201 c urethritis 602 note keeping 4 \200\2235, 741 nucleation 434 ectopic ureter 668 exstrophy-epispadias complex 688 hypospadias 678, 680 megaureter 666 noc turnal enuresis 694 pelviureteric junction obstruction 672 posterior urethral valves 674 penile fractures 542, 543 penile injuries 542, 543 penile neoplasia 364 \200\2236; see also penile cancer penile prostheses 577, 578, 581 \200\2232 penis O obstructive sleep apnoea 117 amputation 542, 543 bites 543 fascial layers 538, 539 in \202 ammatory primary epispadias 690 renal injuries 509 undescended testes 650, occupational needle stick injury 227 disorders 230 nocturnal penile estrogen, topical 149 oligoasthenoterato- 652 ureterocele 670 urinary incontinence 692 urinary tract tumescence and rigidity testing 573 physiology of erection zoospermia (OAT) syndrome 560 oligozoospermia 560 oncocytoma 244 Onuf \200\231s nucleus 605 , 794 infection 654, 656 vesicoureteric re \202 ux 662, and ejaculation 568 \200\2239, 570 664, 665 zipper injuries 543 INDEX 827 cryotherapy 348 cytotoxic diagnostic imaging studies 488 \202 ank pain 488 haematuria 640 \200\2231 hydronephrosis 644 lower urinary tract symptoms 641 physiological and percutaneous nephrolithotomy 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 518 \200\22319, 774 \200\2236 chemotherapy 356 diet 294, 298 digital rectal perinephric abscess 192 \200\2233 peripheral neuropathies 634 peristalsis 499 peritoneal di alysis 806 peri-urethral abscess 204 PET/CT 57 Peyronie \200\231s disease 580 \200\2232, examination 315 engrailed 2 (EN2) 324 epidemiology 294 ethnicity 294 exercise 295 family hi story 295 focal ablation 349 general considerations anatomical changes in urinary tract 640, 641 stress incontinence 641 ureteric stones 488 urinary tract 818 Peyronie \200\231s plaque 364 Pfannenstiel incision 760, before treatment 331 geographic variation 294 Gleason grading infection 642, 643 premature 818 ejaculation 590 \200\2231 phimosis 228 phosphodiesterase type-5 system 304, 305 glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) 324 growth factors 294 high intensity focused pressure \202 ow studies 68, 69 priapism 27, 584 \200\2236, 587 primary epispadias 690 pr imary hyperoxaluria 436 primary nocturnal inhibitors 76, 77 photodynamic detection 275 photodynamic therapy 349 phytotherapy 92 placental alkaline ultrasound (HIFU) 349 enuresis 129, 694 hormonal factors 294 hormone therapy 352 \200\2237 human kallikrein 2 (hK2) 325 primary survey 506 prion disease 736 \200\2237 pronephros 646 propiverine 149 prostate phosphatase 384 plain abdominal radiography 46, 47 imaging 306 incidence 296 intermittent hormone plasma cell (Zoon \200\231s) balanitis 231, 364 pneumatic (ballistic) biopsy 326, 327, 328 digital rectal therapy 357 LHRH agonists and examination 30 \200\2231 lithotripsy 450, 451 high riding 528 \200\22330 tenderness 30 \200\2231 ultrasound 44 see also benign prostatic hyperplasia; benign prostatic obstruction polyuria 18 antagonists 354 \200\2235 lifestyle intervention 298 locally advanced disease 302 nocturnal 18 \200\22319, 79, 116, 117 pop-off valve syndrome 674 positron emission tomography 57 posterior tibial nerve stimulati on 636 posterior urethral stenosis 124 posterior urethral valves 674 locally advanced non- prostate cancer metastatic disease 350 active surveillance 333 adenocarcinoma 302 adjuvant radiotherapy 341 etiology 294 age 294 a nemia 363 androgen ablation 354 antiandrogens 299, 300, lower urinary tract symptoms 363 maximal androgen blockade 354 metastatic disease 302, posterior wall prolapse 170 post-gonococcal urethritis 601 315 -methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) 324 355 bilateral post-micturition dribble 129 post-prostatectomy incontinence 154 post-vasectomy pain syndro me 27 microseminoprotein-beta orchidectomy 354, 355 (MSMB) 324 minimally invasive management of localized and radio- recurrent disease 348 bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy 336 biochemical relapse post-RP 341 biopsy protocol 326, post-void residual urine volume 66 potassium regulation 803 pouch of Douglas 817 pregnancy 639 \200\22346 mortality 296 MRI-guided biopsy 327 non-PSA diagnostic markers 324 327, 328 brachytherapy 346 castrate-resistant acute pyelonephritis 642 acute urinary disease 356, 360 novel therapies 359, 360 oncological outcomes chemoprevention 299, 300 clinical presentation 315 coagulopathy 363 counseling pre-PSA test ing 322 retention 641 antibiotic prescribing 643 asymptomatic of radical prostatectomy 340, 342 bacteriuria 642 cystitis 642 pain control 358, 362 INDEX 828 epidemiology 208 in \202 ammatory and non- in \202 ammatory 209 pathophysiology 208 segme nted urine cultures 208 renal blood \202 ow 801 urinary tract palliative care 351, 358 \200\2239, 362 obstruction 498 renal cell carcinoma 246 active surveillance 256 etiology 250 environmental factors 250 epidemiology 250 Fuhrman grading system 246 genetic factors 250 histological Partin \200\231s nomograms 309 perineural invasion 302 PET 58 photodynamic therapy 349 prev alence 296 prevention 298, 300 prostate cancer antigen 3 prosthetic heart valves 702 proteinuria 40 Provenge 360 pseudotumour 242 psoas abscess 33 psoas hitch 523 psoriasis 231, 364 pubovaginal slings 143 pulmonary embolism 706 \200\2239 pyelolysis 413 pyelonephritis (PCA3) 324 prostate-speci \201 c antigen (PSA) 318, 319, 320 classi \201 cation 246 incidence 250 investigation 253 locally advanced 257 local recurrence 256 lymphadenectomy 2 56 metastatic disease 257, radical external beam radiotherapy 344 radical prostatectomy 334, 335, 338, 350 acute 176, 190, 193, 642 chronic 196 emphysematous 193, salvage radiotherapy 341 saturation needle biopsy 329 screening 316 staging 306, 307, 308, 258 194, 195 pregnancy 642 xanthogranulomatous 194 minimally invasive treatment 256 mortality 250 non-surgical alternatives pyeloplasty 413, 782 \200\2233 pyonephrosis 192, 193 pyuria 176 310 \200\22315 statins 299 survival 296 suspicious lesions 330 systemic for localized disease 256 papillary variant 251 paraneoplastic Q Q-tip test 136 syndromes 252 partial nephrectomy 254 post-operative prognosis (Leibovich score) 255 chemotherapy 356 thrombocytopenia 363 transrectal ultrasonography and biopsy 326, 327, 328 transurethral resection R radical cystectomy 283, presentation 252 prognosis 247, 249 radical nephrectomy 254 screening 251 spread 246 stagin g 247, 248 surgery for localized disease 254, 256 biopsy 329 284, 768 \200\22370 ureteric obstruction 363 urinary retention 363 watchful waiting 332 prostate cancer antigen 3 radical external beam radiotherapy 286, 344 radical nephrectomy 254 radical orchidectomy 385, (PCA3) 324 758 \200\2239 prostate pain syndrome 212 prostate-speci \201 c antigen survival 250 radical prostatectomy 154, 334, 335, 338, 350, 766 \200\2237 renal CT 56 renal cysts 242, 396 \200\2237, 398, (PSA) 43 radioisotope imaging 60 radium-223 360 record keeping 4 \200\2235, 741 red blood cell casts 41 red blood cell age-adjusted normal 402 \200\2236, 676 range 43 benign prostatic renal fusion anomalies 416 renal masses benign 244 radiological hyperplasia 76 density 320 doubling time 320 free-to-total ratio 320 prostate cancer 318, morphology 41 assessment 242, 243 5 -reductase 72 de \201 ciency 686 renal physiology 800 \200\2235 renal plasma clearance 800 renal replacement therapy 806 \200\2237 5 -reductase inhibitors 88, 319, 320 velocity 320 299 refractory shock 198 Reiter \200\231s syndrome 231 renal agenesis 420 renal anatomy 796 \200\2237, renal transplant donor 810 \200\22311 recipient 808 rejection 813 surgery and prostatic abscess 211 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia 330 prostatitis 208 797, 798 bacterial 208, 210 chronic prostatitis/ renal arteriovenous \201 stula 517, 518 complications 812 \200\22313 renal trauma 508 \200\22319 renal tubular acidosis 437, chronic pelvic pain syndrome 212 classi \201 cation 208 renal ascent anomalies 416 441 INDEX 829 Burch sex chromosome disorders of sex development 682, 685 renal ultrasound 44 renin-angiotensin- colposuspension 140 categorization 128 children 692 conservative aldosterone system 803 sexual health 567 \200\223602 Sexual Health Inventory for renogram 60 reproduction 552, 553, treatment 137 Men (SHIM) 575 553, 553 de \201 nition 24 injection therapy 138 investigation 136 \200\2237 Marshall-Marchetti-Kra ntz shock 710 \200\22311 Shy-Drager syndrome 632 simple orchidectomy 758 \200\2239 simple renal cysts 396 \200\2237, resuscitation 506 \200\2237 retention cysts 364 retrograde ejaculation 588 procedure 141 398 retrograde mini tapes 143 pregnancy 641 pubovaginal slings 143 retropubic suspension procedures 140 re tropubic tapes 142 risk factors 136 signi \201 cance 24 suburethral tapes and slings 142, 144, 145 transobturator tapes 142 urodynamic 128 vagino-obturator shelf/ sipuleucel-T 360 sleep apnoea 117 Snodgrass procedure 679 sodium regulation 803 sodium urat e 436 solifenacin 148 solubility product 434 soot wart 374 sperm 552, 553 extraction ureterography 52 retroperitoneal \201 brosis 502 \200\2233 retroperitoneal lymph node dissection 391 retropubic tapes 142 rigid cystoscopy 742 \200\2233 Rigiscan 573 robot-assis ted partial nephrectomy 254 robot-assisted radical techniques 565 granuloma 756 motility grading 557 retrieval from urine 588 prostatectomy 336, 339 paravaginal repair 140 struvite stones 437 suburethral tapes and slings 142, 144, 145 spermatocele 34 spermatocelectomy 752 spermatogenesis 552, 553 spermicides 187 sphincter S sacral nerve modulation 636 safety issues 6, 712 SANS \204 150 Santorini \200\231s plexus 818 saphena v arix 32 Saw palmetto 92 Scarpa \200\231s fascia 818 schistosomiasis 222, 223 screening suprapubic