What are the indications for surgical intervention for heart valve infections?
The indications for surgical intervention for heart valve infections include left-sided heart lesions, specifically those involving the mitral valve anterior leaflet, particularly if associated with S aureus; perivalvular extension of infection; fungal endocarditis; persistent bacteremia despite appropriate antibiotic therapy; unstable prosthesis; ruptured sinus of Valsalva; or ventricular septal and mycotic aneurysms.