K ketamine 132, 206 \200\2237 ketoacidosis 420 \200\2231, 428 \200\2239 kidney disorders se e renal disorders KIM-1 protein 315 Klebsiella pneumoniae, MDR 229 neck injury 486 necrotic tissue, removal 472 \200\2233 necrotizing fasciitis 459, 515 \200 \22316 needle thoracostomy 15 negligence claims 561 \200\2232 neonates HIV-associated 365, 466 \200\2237 Mental Capacity Act 543 Mental Health Act 542 metabolic acidosis 146 \200\2237, 357, 418 \200\22321, 428 \200\2239 metabolic alkalosis 422 \200\2234 metaraminol 174 \200\2235 metha nol 441 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus oxygen toxicity 4 respiratory distress/failure 156, 161 L labetolol 171, 182, 287, 518 labor, induced 519 lactic acidosis 357, 420, 446 lactulose 2 02, 353 language therapists 383, 554 laparotomy 482 \200\2233, 490, 491 laryngoscopy 248 \200\2239 Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) 542, 543 laxatives 202 \200\2233, 353 layout and facilities of the ICU 546 \200\2237, 556 \200\2237 left ventricular end-diastolic area (LVE DA) 124 legal issues nerve conduction studies 138 \200\2239, 372, 377 nerve injury, traumatic 486 \200\2237, 491 neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists 197 neuroleptic drugs 208, 360 \200\2231, 385 neur oleptic malignant syndrome 385 neurological monitoring 138 \200\2239 neuromuscular blockade 93, 210 \200\22311, 264 \200\2235 (MRSA) 228 \200\2239, 276, 588 methylcellulose 201 methyldopa 171 methylene blue 175 metoclopramide 196, 198, 319 metolazo ne 187 metoprolol 179, 182, 432 MI see myocardial infarction micafungin 231 microangiopathi c haemolytic anemia 396 \200\2237 microdialysis, cerebral 138, 485 Micromed DeBakey cardiac assist device 59 micronutrients 84 \200\2235, 86, 150, 312 midazolam 208, 209t, 212, 363 m ilrinone 168 \200\2239, 453t mini-tracheostomy 34 misoprostil 203 mitral valve 113 CINM and 211, 376, 377 neuro(myo)pathies CINM 139, 211, 376 \200\2237 Guillain \200\223Barr syndrome 31, 139, 372 \200\2233 myasth enia gravis 374 \200\2235 neuropathic pain 207, 508 neurorehabilitation 382 \200\2233 neuro surgery 365, 366 \200\2237, 371, 485 neurotransmitters 196 neutropenia 404 neutropenic coli tis 514 neutropenic sepsis 400 \200\2232 NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated civil actions 561 \200\2232 consent 35, 542 \200\2233, 562 Coroners 560 \200\2231 end of li fe care 562 patient transfer 577 \200\2238 withdrawing/withholding treatment 533 Legionella pneumonia 276, 277 lepirudin 222, 388 leucocytes 462 \200\2233 lipocalin) 315 NICO system (partial CO2 rebreathing) 122 599 INDEX disaster planning 572 \200\2233 error avoidance 564 \200\2236 \201 re safety 556 \200\223 7 follow-up 382 \200\2233, 586 \200\2237 layout of the unit 546 \200\2237, 556 \200\2237 me dical emergency teams 584 \200\2235 outreach 582 \200\2235 patient transfer 576 \200\22381 staf \201 ng levels 548 \200\22355 validation of medical devices 574 \200\2235 percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy 341 nicorandil 183 nicotine replacement therapy 361 nifedipine 170, 183 nimodipine 170 \200\223 1, 369 NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure peritoneal dialysis 70 \200\2231, 147 \200\2238, 503 peritonitis 328, 329, 334, 336, 354 post-operative 512 \200\22313 personal protective equipment 465 pH 146 \200\2237, 418 pharmacists 554 phenobarbitone 213, 362 phenothiazines 196, 208, 361 phenoxybenzamine 171 phentolamine 171 phenylephrine 175 p henytoin 212, 362 phosphate 412 \200\22313, 429 phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors non-sele ctive 155, 168, 255, 312 type 3 168 \200\2239, 184, 453t type 4 169 type 5 157, 169 physiot herapists 554 physiotherapy 383 ventilation) 30 \200\2231 nitrates 156 \200\2237, 170, 183, 287, 294 nitric oxide (NO) 156 \200\2237, 459 nitric oxid e synthases (NOS) 156, 459, 463 nitroprusside 170, 286 \200\2237 NIV (non-invasive ventilat ion) 17, 47, organophosphates 442 orlistat 203 oseltamivir 233 osmolal gap 440 osmolality of urine 414, 416 outreach 582 \200\2235 overdose 440 \200\2231 255, 304 \200\2235 NMDA (N-methyl-[D]-aspartate) antagonists 214 non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) 30 \200\2231 non-invasive ventilation (NIV) 17, 47, antidepressants 442 \200\2233 aspirin 147, 442 benzodiazepines 442 -blockers 182 \200\223 3 calcium channel blockers 183 drugs of abuse 286, 385, 441 opioids 442 paracetamol 234, 35 1, 442 255, 304 \200\2235 non-male \201 cence 532 \200\2233, 544 non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) 184, 185, 294 \200\2235 non-steroidal anti-in \202 ammatory drugs chest 25, 44 \200\2235, 253, 255 (NSAIDs) 206, 508 PiCCO system (cardiac monitor) 120 \200\2231, 125 plasma exchange 373, 375 platelets norepinephrine (noradrenaline) 166, 174, 450, 453t oxygen nosocomial infections antiplatelet agents 184 \200\2235, 294, 370, 388 dysfunctional 389 thrombocytopenia 185, 22 0 \200\2231, 388, 401, 406, cerebral perfusion and 132, 133, 138, 484, antibiotic resistance 228 \200\2239, 588 \200\2239 pneumonia see hospital-acquired pneumoni a prevention 464 \200\2235 noti \201 able illnesses 365 Novacor left ventricular assist de vice 58 NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-in \202 ammatory 485 gas exchange 18, 91 SpO2 monitoring 94 \200\2235 518, 522 transfusion 150, 151, 388, 401 oxygen therapy 2 \200\2234 for COPD 254 helium \200\223oxygen mixtures 162 \200\2233, 265 h yperbaric, for CO poisoning 4, 273, 441 during patient transfer 577, 580, 581 safety consid erations 3, 52 toxicity 4, 7 see also ventilatory support pleural effusions 41f, 252t aspiration 40 \200\2231, 268 empyema 268 \200\2239 parapneumoni c 277 drugs) 206, 508 NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) 184, 185, 294 \200\2235 plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy (PPA) 280 Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pneumocystis carinii) 2 30, NT-proBNP peptide 302 \200\2233 nucleotides 86 nursing care 550 \200\2232 nutrition 466 pneumonia oxytocin 525 community-acquired 276 \200\2237 HIV-associated 230, 466 hospital-acquired see hospital-acq uired in ARDS 258 dietitians 554 enteral 78 \200\2239, 82 \200\2233, 322 \200\2233 in gastropares is 319 immune-enhancing 86 \200\2237 in liver disorders 85, 353, 354 in neutropenic sepsis 402 in pancreatitis 338 parenteral 84 \200\2235, 421 P pacemakers pneumonia pneumothorax 40, 106, 266 \200\2237 permanent 180 temporary 54 \200\2235, 180, 291 barotrauma 14 \200\22315 tension 266, 488 pediatrics see children; neonates pain 508 podiatrists 554 poisoning 272, 440 \200\2233 analgesics 206 \200\2237, 394, 508 \200\2239 chronic 207, 491 carbon monoxide 94, 273, 441, 494 cyanide 2, 272, 273 food poisoning (botulism) 380 ketoaci dosis and 420 \200\2231 palliative care O obstetric emergencies decision-making 532 \200\2233, 542, 562 palliative measures 203, 255 liver failure caused by 234, 348t, 351, 442 amniotic \202 uid embolism 526 \200\2237 eclampsia 286, 520 HELLP syndrome 522 postpartum hemorrhage 524 \200\2235 pre-eclampsia 286, 518 \200\22319 pancreatitis 338 \200\2239 pancuronium 210 pandemics 572 \200\2233 paracentesis 355 paracet amol 508 see also overdose police, helping with their enquiries 561 portal vein 326 portosystemic shunt 327 posaconazo le 231 positioning of the patient obstructive shock 447 obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome overdose 234, 351, 442 paraproteinaemia 389 parenteral nutrition (TPN) 84 \200\2235, 421 Parkland formula ( \202 uid replacement in burns cases 495 ventilation and 28 \200\2239, 45, 260 (OSAHS) 25 occupational therapists 554 oedema positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 12, burns) 492 13, 14, 22 \200\2233 ARDS 22, 260 asthma 23, 264 COPD 22 \200\2233 intrinsic (PEEPi) 23, 90 recruitment and 26, 93 in burns patients 492 cerebral 216 \200\22317, 286, 352, 431 diuretics for 186 \200\2237 pu lmonary see pulmonary oedema paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 53, 99 passive leg raising 127 patient consent 35, 532 \200\2233, 542 \200\2233 , 562 patient positioning burns cases 495 ventilation and 28 \200\2239, 45, 260 oesophageal perforation 328, 329 oesophageal trauma 489 oesophageal varices 74 \200\2235, 7 6 \200\2237, 326 \200\2237 omega-3 fatty acids 83, 86 omeprazole 194, 195, 320, 321 opioids positive expiratory pressure (PEP) 44 post-mortems 536, 560 \200\2231 post-operative care 8 6, 395, 510 \200\22311 patient safety 564 \200\2236 patient transfers 576 \200\2238 abdominal surgery 512 \200\22313 meningitis 365 nausea and vomiting 197 by air 267, 580 \200\2231 antianginal 183 antidiarrhoeal 200 overdose 442 for pain relief 206, 207, 394, 509 as sedat ives 209, 255 withdrawal 361 patient \200\223ventilator asynchrony 13, 211 Paul Bert effect 4 PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) 184, postpartum hemorrhage 524 \200\2235 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 208, 295, 296 \200\2237, 453 586, 587 PE (pulmonary embolism) 113, 225, 274 \200\2235 PEEP see positive end-expiratory pressure p elvic trauma 482 \200\2233, 490 \200\2231 peptic ulcers 77, 194 \200\2235, 320 \200\2231, 3 24 \200\2235 percutaneous coronary intervention potassium 210, 410 \200\22311, 501 in diabetic emergencies 428, 430 organ donation 531, 534 \200\2239, 561 organizational aspects of critical care PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) 77, 194, 195, 320, 324 prazosin 171 prebiotics 201 antibiotic resistance management 588 \200\2239 comparisons between units 570 \200\2231 (PCI) 184, 295, 296 \200\2237, 453 600 INDEX saline 142 \200\2233 collapse/consolidation/effusion 252t, 253 heart failure 302 PE 274 pneumothorax 266 precordial thump 240 pre-eclampsia 286, 518 \200\22319 HELLP syndrome 522 acid \200\223base balance and 421, 422 in burns patients 493 \202 uid challenge 245 hyper tonic 143, 216 \200\22317, 245, 352, 414, 485 hypotonic 142, 416, 422 isotonic 142, 245 for raised ICP 216 \200\22317, 352, 485 in renal failure 312 for sodium imbalances 414, 416 pre-excitation syndromes 288 \200\2239 pregnancy see obstetric emergencies pre-hepatic jaun dice 348 pre-operative care 86, 184, 395, 510 pressure-controlled ventilation 8 \200\2239, 9f, 10 pressure sores 504 \200\2235 pressure support ventilation 9, 11 pressure \200\223vol ume (P/V) curve 14, 22, 26 primary survey 482 \200\2233, 490 probiotics 201 procainamide 17 7 procalcitonin 476 proctitis 334 procurement procedures 575 progesterone 214 prone positio n ventilation 28 \200\2239, 260 propofol 132, 208, 209t, 213, 362 propranolol 179, 432 prop ylthiouracil 432 prostacyclin 69, 185 prostaglandins 312, 320, 321 protamine 220, 221, 388, 389 protein C, activated 236 \200\2237, 463 proteins in nutritional formulations 84 prothr ombin complex concentrates 222 prothrombin time (PT) 150, 357, 388, 406 proton pump inhibit ors (PPIs) 77, 194, 195, radiography, neck 249, 486 ranitidine 194, 195 ranolazine 183 rapid response teams 584 \200 \2235 rationing of care 544 \200\2235, 573 recreational drugs see drugs of abuse recruitmen t, alveolar 26 \200\2237, 93 rectal in \202 ammation 334 rectal injury 491 rectal varices 327 red blood cells SAPS (Simpli \201 ed Acute Physiology Score) 569 SBE (standard base excess) 418 sclerother apy 76 \200\2237 scopolamine 196 scoring systems 568 \200\2239, 582 \200\2233 SCUF (slow co ntinuous ultra \201 ltration) 69 secondary survey 491 sedation 208 \200\2239, 360 \200\223 1 haemolysis 396 \200\2237, 522 salvage 525 transfusion 150, 151 refeeding syndrome 85 region al wall motion abnormality 116 rehabilitation 382 \200\2233, 586 professional staff 554 in ARDS 258 in asthma 264 in COPD 255 pain management and 508 post-cardiac arrest 242 relatives seizures facilities for 547 organ donation and 534, 536, 539 anticonvulsants 212 \200\22313, 242, 362 \200\2233, 520 eclampsia 520 EEGs 134 \200\2236 po st-cardiac arrest 242 status epilepticus 135f, 362 \200\2233 reliability of care 565 \200\2236 remifentanil 206, 509 renal disorders abdominal hypertension and 344 heart failure and 301 liver failure and 351, 355 PEEP and 23 platelet dysfunction 389 pre-transplant donor support 536 in pregnancy 518, 519 radiocontr ast-induced nephropathy 234 renal failure 312 \200\22315, 351, 420, 468, 503 renal tubular acidosis 419, 421 renal replacement therapy (RRT) Seldinger technique 38 selective decontamination of the digestive 320, 324 tract (SDD) 474 \200\2235 pseudomembranous colitis 322, 328, 329 Pseudomonas pneumonia 276 pseudostatus epilepticus 1 34, 363 psychological issues with recovery 383, 586, selenium 86, 312 Sengstaken \200\223Blakemore tube insertion 74 \200\2235 sensory evoked po tentials (SEPs) 138 sepsis 587 adrenal disorders and 478 \200\2239 diagnosis 336, 400, 476, 477 liver failure and 354 \200 \2235 management 87, 228 \200\2239, 234, 236 \200\2237, 336, psychologists 554 PT (prothrombin time) 150, 357, 388, 406 PTSD (post-traumatic stress diso rder) 208, bicarbonate use 147 \200\2238 haemodialysis 64 \200\2236, 503 haemo \201 ltration 68 \200 \2239, 441 in neutropenic sepsis 402 peritoneal dialysis 70 \200\2231, 503 586, 587 400 \200\2232, 472 \200\2233 neutropenic 400 \200\2232 pathophysiology 462 \200\2233 pelvic trauma and 491 terminology 336 pulmonary arterial hypertension 171, 280 \200\2231, 395 pulmonary artery catheters 108 \200\22311, 110f pulmonary artery occlusion pressure reperfusion injury 451 resource issues 544 \200\2235, 573 respiratory compliance (Crs) 22, 90 respiratory distress syndrome, adult see acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (PAoP) 111, 124 septic shock 447 \200\2238, 458 \200\2239 pulmonary artery pressure 113 pulmonary collapse (atelectasis) 252 \200\2233 pulmonary cont usion 488 pulmonary effects of abdominal management 6 \200\2237, 167, 175, 277 serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists 197, 318 respiratory distress syndrome of the severity scoring 568 \200\2239, 582 \200\2233 shivering 60, 61, 211 shock 446 \200\2238 hypertension 344 newborn 161 respiratory failure neonatal 156 type 1 (hypoxaemic) 6, 7, 24, 30 \200\2231, 25 0, 251 type 2 (hypercapnic) 6, 30, 250 \200\2231, 255 respiratory management see ventilator y pulmonary embolism (PE) 113, 225, 274 \200\2235 pulmonary function tests 7, 90 \200\2231 pu lmonary hypertension 171, 280 \200\2231, 395 pulmonary oedema anaphylactic 166, 447 \200\2238, 456 \200\2237 cardiogenic 167, 301, 447, 452 \200\2234 hae morrhagic 450, 482 \200\2233 hypovolaemic 174, 244, 446 \200\2237, 450 \200\2231, 482 \200 \2233, after chest drain insertion 39 diuretics 186 \200\2237 head injury 535 heart failure 285 \200\2236, 305 pregnancy 518, 519, 522 support 492 \200\2233 respiratory muscles 45, 90 \200\2231 respiratory rate in ventilation 12, 18 resuscitation 2 40 \200\2231 obstructive 447 septic 6 \200\2237, 167, 175, 277, 447 \200\2238, 458 \200\2239 sick sinus syndrome 290 sickle cell anemia 394 \200\2235 SID (strong ion difference) 418, 4 20, 422 sieving coef \201 cient (SC) 69 SIG (strong ion gap) 418 sildena \201 l (Viagra) 169 SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory pulmonary oxygen toxicity 4, 7 pulmonary shunt 6, 250 pulmonary vasodilators 171 pulse oxim etry 94 \200\2235 pulse pressure algorithms 120 \200\2231, 126 pulseless electrical activit y 241 pyrexia 60, 61, 384 de \201 brillation 52 \200\2233, 240 in major trauma 482 \200\2233, 484, 490 post-resuscit ation care 93, 242 \200\2233 retinopathy of prematurity 4 retroperitoneal haematoma 514 rhabdomyolysis 502 \200\2233 RIF LE criteria (acute renal failure) 314t right ventricular end-diastolic volume index ventilation) 10, 16 malignant hyperpyrexia/hyperthermia 211, sinus arrhythmia 99 sinus bradycardia 99, 290 sinus tachycardia 99 sleep disordered breathi ng 25 sleep disturbance 360 slow continuous ultra \201 ltration (SCUF) 69 smoke inhalation 272 \200\2233, 494 385 (RVEDVI) 125 Ringer \200\231s solution 143t risk-adjusted mortality rates 570 Rockall score (upper GI bleeding) 325t rocuronium 210 RRT see renal replacement therapy Q quinine derivatives 468 quinolones 229 carbon monoxide poisoning 94, 273, 441, 494 see also burns R radial artery cannulation 102 radiographers 555 radiography, abdomen 328, 330, 335 radiog raphy, chest barotrauma 14 central venous catheters 105 S safety see health and safety SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage) 132 \200\2233, sodium 354, 414 \200\22317, 428 \200\2239, 431, 435 see also saline sodium nitroprusside 170, 286 \200\2237 sodium valproate 213, 362 SOFA (Sepsis-related Orga n Failure 368 \200\2239 salbutamol 167, 263 salicylates see aspirin Assessment) score 568t sotalol 177, 182 601 INDEX unfractionated heparin (UFH) 220 \200\2231, 294, 297, thiopentone 132, 213, 352, 362 thoracic trauma 482, 483f, 488 \200\2239 thoracocentesis 40 \200\2231 thoracoscopy 269 thoracostomy 15, 38 \200\2239, 267 thoracotomy 269, 271, 488 Tho ratec ventricular assist device 58 thrombin inhibitors 222, 294, 388 thrombin time (TT) 150 , 406 thrombocytopenia 185, 388, 401, 406 speech therapists 383, 554 spinal trauma 203, 486 \200\2237 spirometry 90 spironolactone 18 7 splanchnic ischaemia 323, 342 \200\2233, 515 spontaneous breathing trials 17 SPV (systoli c pressure variation) 103 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 184, 185, 224, 286, 292, 296 \200\2238 388, 406 upper airway obstruction 162, 248 \200\2239, 272 urethral injury 491 urinary catheters 464 urine acute renal failure 314 \200\22315 alkalinization 440 \200\2231 chloride ions 422 myoglobul inuria 495, 502 osmolality 414, 416 output in burns patients 493 staff heparin-induced 220 \200\2231 in pregnancy 518, 522 facilities for 547 in the ICU 548 \200\22355 major incidents 572 \200\2233 patient transfer and 577, 581 training 549, 573, 581 urokinase 224 uterine artery embolization 525 uterine atony 524, 525 utilitarianism 544 thromboelastograms 151, 406 \200\2237 thromboembolism, post-traumatic 487, 491 thrombolys is 224 \200\2235 for empyema 269 for ischaemic stroke 370 \200\2231 for MI 224, 296 \200 \2237, 453 for PE 225, 275 for SAH 369 standard base excess (SBE) 418 starches 144 \200\2235, 245 statins 214, 294 status epilepti cus 134, 135f, 212 \200\22313, 242, 362 \200\2233 STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial V Vaccinations, for staff 465 validation of medical devices 574 \200\2235 valproate 213, 36 2 VAP see ventilator-associated pneumonia varicella-zoster virus 232t vasculitis 470 \200 \2231 vasodilators 170 \200\2231, 284, 286 \200\2237 thromboprophylaxis see anticoagulants thymectomy 375 thyroid disorders infarction) 184, 185, 224, 286, 292, 296 \200\2238 steroids see corticosteroids Stewart \200\223Hamilton equation 108t stomach see entries at gastric Streptococcus pneumoniae 276 streptokinase 224 stress index 26 \200\2237 stress tes ts (post-MI) 297 stroke 286 myxoedema coma 434 \200\2235 thyrotoxic storm 432 \200\2233 tidal volume 12 tigecycline 229 TIMI risk score 294, 296 tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) 224, 371 TOE (transoesophageal echo) 112 \200\22319, agonists 166 \200\2237 levosimendan 190 \200\2231 nitrates 156 \200\2237, 170, 183, 287, 294 renal 312 ICH 366 \200\2237 ischaemic 370 \200\2231 SAH 132 \200\2233, 368 \200\2239 122, 127 vasopressin receptor agonists 175, 450 \200\2231 vasopressors 174 \200\2235, 326, 450 \200 \2231, 453 vasospasm, cerebral 132 \200\2233, 368 \200\2239 Vaughan Williams classi \201 c ation (antiarrhythmics) 176t Toll-like receptors 462 torsade de pointes 288t, 289 toxic megacolon 329, 335 toxoplasmosis encephalitis 467 tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) 224, 371 TPN (total parenteral nutriti on) 84 \200\2235, 421 trace elements 84 \200\2235, 86, 312 tracheal deviation in pneumothor ax 266 tracheostomy 34 \200\2237 stroke volume 22, 119, 120, 126 \200\2237 strong ion difference (SID) 418, 420, 422 strong ion gap (SIG) 418 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) 132 \200\2233, vecuronium 210 venoarterial/venovenous ECMO (VA/VV 368 \200\2239 subclavian vein cannulation 104 \200\2235 sucralfate 321 sulfadiazine 467 superior vena cav a (SVC) syndrome 404 supraventricular (atrial) tachycardia 53, 99, ECMO) 32 \200\2233 ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch 6, 93, 250, 274 see also intubation, endotracheal ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) training 549, 573, 581 tranexamic acid 226, 525 transcranial Doppler 132 \200\2233 transfer of patients 576 \200\2238 (also HAP) 278 \200\2239 176, 288 diagnosis 278 \200\2239, 464, 477 reducing risk of 7, 47, 278, 464 stress ulcer prophylaxis and 195, 321 treatment 279 surfactant 158, 160 \200\2231, 258 surgery by air 267, 580 \200\2231 abdominal 512 \200\22313 cardiac 54, 167, 168, 184, 226, 291, 389 high-risk patients 167, 3 95, 510 \200\22311 neurological 365, 366 \200\2237, 371, 485 see also post-operative care; pre-operative transfusions see blood transfusions transoesophageal echo (TOE) 112 \200\22319, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) 7, 14 \200\22315, 260 ventilatory support 122, 127 transplantation in ARDS 19, 22, 26, 31, 260 \200\2231 in asthma 23, 31, 264 \200\2235 complications 7, 14 \200\22315, 44, 260 in COPD 22 \200\2233, 30, 46, 255 CPAP 11, 24 \200\2235, 162 ECMO 32 \200\2233, 59, 260, 265 heliox administration 162 \200\2233, 265 HFV 18 \200\22320, 260 hum idi \201 cation 46 \200\2237 indications for 6 \200\2237 inhaled drug delivery during 159 IPPV 8 \200\22317, 162 \200\2233 monitoring 7, 90 \200\2233 in neutropenic sepsis 402 NIPPV 30 \200\2231 patient \200\223ventilator asynchrony 13, 211 PEEP see positive end-expirator y pressure in pneumonia 276 \200\2237 post-operative 510 \200\22311 pre-transplant donor su pport 535 prone position ventilation 28 \200\2239, 260 recruitment maneuvers 26 \200\2237 i n spinal injury 486 weaning from 16 \200\22317, 25, 31, 33, 47, 91, 265 see also oxygen the rapy bone marrow 401, 404 liver 351, 352, 353, 355 lung 161, 254, 535 organ donation 531, 534 \200\2239, 561 transthoracic echo (TTE) 112, 452 trauma care suxamethonium 210, 264 Swan \200\223Ganz catheters 108 \200\22311, 110f synbiotics 201 sync hronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) 10, 16 ATLS management 482 \200\2233 chest 482, 483f, 488 \200\2239 head injury 130 \200\2231, 245 , 483, 484 \200\2235 pelvic 482 \200\2233, 490 \200\2231 spinal 203, 486 \200\2237 systolic pressure variation (SPV) 103 T T3 (triiodothyronine) 179, 435 T4 (thyroxine) 435 tachy-brachy syndrome 290 tachycardia 9 9, 288t tricyclic antidepressants 207, 442 \200\2233 triggering in ventilatory support 8 \200\2239, 12 triiodothyronine (T3) 179, 435 triple-H therapy (post-SAH) 369 troponin I/T 292 TTE (tr ansthoracic echo) 112, 452 tumor lysis syndrome 404 supraventricular 53, 99, 176, 288 ventricular 53, 100, 176, 177, 289 tamponade 117, 489 Tandem Heart device 59 temocillin 229 temperature control see cooling; w arming temporary cardiac pacing 54 \200\2235, 180, 291 Tensilon (edrophonium) test 374 \200\2235 tension pneumothorax 266, 488 terlipressin (Glypressin) 75, 175 terminal care U ulcerative colitis 335 ulcers see decubitus ulcers; peptic ulcers ultra \201 ltration 68 \200\2239 ultrasound 112 ventricular assist devices (VADs) 58 \200\2239 ventricular \201 brillation (VF) 52 \200 \2233, 100, 240 ventricular function 48 \200\2239, 126 \200\2237 central venous catheterization 104 Doppler see Doppler ultrasound echo 112 \200\22319, 122, 124, 127, 293, 303 for PE (leg) 275 pleural effusion 41f pre-tracheostomy 35 renal 315 decision-making 532 \200\2233, 542, 562 palliation 203, 255 tetanus 378 theophylline 155, 168, 312 thermal diffusion \202 owmetry 138 thermodilution method 108 \200\2239, 120 thiazide diuretics 187 echo assessment 116 \200\22317 ventilatory support and 6, 22 ventricular tachycardia (VT) 53, 100, 176, 177, 289 ventricular wall rupture 297 602 INDEX WhisperFlow 2 \204 CPAP system 24f withdrawal syndromes 361 withdrawing/withholding treatm ent 532 \200\2233, 562 in major incidents 573 organ donation and 538 \200\2239 rationing 54 4 \200\2235 wound botulism 381 wound healing 505 wound infection 472 \200\2233, 477 verapamil 171, 176, 179, 183 Viagra (sildena \201 l) 169 Vigileo cardiac monitor 121 viral infections von Willebrand disease 389 voriconazole 230 W Wagner \200\231s granulomatosis 471 warfarin 221 \200\2232, 367, 388, 406 warming 499, 50 1 weaning antiviral drugs 232 \200\2233, 466 neutropenia 401 vital capacity (VC) 90 Vital Signs \204 CPAP system 25f vitamins daily requirements 84 de \201 ciencies 85, 150, 389 K 221 \200\2232, 389 from balloon pumps 57 from ventilatory support 16 \200\22317, 25, 31, 33, 47, 91, 265 X X-rays see radiography volume-controlled ventilation 8 \200\2239, 9f, 10 volvulus 331 vomiting 196 \200\2237, 318 \200\22319, 330 Well \200\231s criteria for PE 274t Wesseling algorithm 120 West Haven staging (hepatic enc ephalopathy) 352t see also haematemesis