What are the risks of spontaneous injury and extraction of an active fixation pacemaker lead?
The risks of spontaneous injury and extraction of an active fixation pacemaker lead have been reported in the Accufix Multicenter Clinical Study and Worldwide Registry (Kay et al., 1999). They include pain at the lead site, detachment of the lead, infection, and lead embolization. Other risks include lead fracture, perforation of the heart, and thrombosis or embolization of the lead fragment.