What are the causes of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections?
Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) infections can occur due to a variety of factors, including poor design of the device, inadequate infection control practices, and inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis. Other risk factors for CIED infections include prolonged device implantation, trauma to the implant site, and underlying health conditions. Additionally, CIED infections have been associated with a wide range of bacterial, fungal, and viral agents.