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Large-vessel involvement in giant cell arteritis: a population-based cohort study of the incidence-trends and prognosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1989. 70. Gonz lez-Gay MA, Blanco R, Abraira V, et al. Giant cell arteritis in Lugo, Spain, is associated with low longterm mortality. J Rheumatol 1997; 24:2171. 71. Gran JT, Myklebust G, Wilsgaard T, Jacobsen BK. Survival in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: a study of 398 cases and matched population controls. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40:1238. Topic 8240 Version 40.0 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-giant-cell-arteritis/print 25/31 7/7/23, 11:22 AM Treatment of giant cell arteritis - UpToDate GRAPHICS Narrowing of the left subclavian artery in giant cell arteritis Angiogram of the left subclavian artery in GCA, showing several areas of severe vascular narrowing but a proliferation of small blood vessels forming excellent collateral circulation. The long, smooth arterial tapering in large vessel GCA is often not amenable to revascularization interventions such as angioplasty or stent placement. Those types of interventions are rarely necessary. GCA: giant cell arteritis. Courtesy of John H Stone, MD, MPH. Graphic 73553 Version 8.0 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-giant-cell-arteritis/print 26/31 7/7/23, 11:22 AM Treatment of giant cell arteritis - UpToDate 52-week glucocorticoid tapering regimen for giant cell arteritis Taper week Dose (mg/day) 1 60 2 50 3 40 4 35 5 30 6 25 7 20 8 17.5 9 17.5 10 15 11 15 12 12.5 13 10 14 10 15 10 16 10 17 9 18 9 19 9 20 9 21 8 22 8 23 8 24 8 25 7 26 7 27 7 28 7 29 6 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-giant-cell-arteritis/print 27/31 7/7/23, 11:22 AM Treatment of giant cell arteritis - UpToDate 30 6 31 6 32 6 33 5 34 5 35 5 36 5 37 4 38 4 39 4 40 4 41 3 42 3 43 3 44 3 45 2 46 2 47 2 48 2 49 1 50 1 51 1 52 1 Tapering doses listed refer to oral prednisone (or equivalent) typically administered once daily in the morning. Data from: Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of tocilizumab in giant-cell arteritis. New Engl J Med 2017; 377:317. Graphic 139301 Version 2.0 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-giant-cell-arteritis/print 28/31 7/7/23, 11:22 AM Treatment of giant cell arteritis - UpToDate Accelerated glucocorticoid tapering regimen for patients with giant cell arteritis on tocilizumab Taper week Dose (mg/day) 1 60 2 50 3 40 4 35 5 30 6 25 7 20 8 15 9 12.5 10 12.5 11 10 12 9 13 8 14 7 15 6 16 6 17 5 18 5 19 4 20 4 21 3 22 3 23 2 24 2 25 1 26 1 Tapering doses listed refer to oral prednisone (or equivalent) typically administered once daily in the morning. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-giant-cell-arteritis/print 29/31 7/7/23, 11:22 AM Treatment of giant cell arteritis - UpToDate Data from: Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of tocilizumab in giant-cell arteritis. New Engl J Med 2017; 377:317. Graphic 139298 Version 2.0 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-giant-cell-arteritis/print 30/31 7/7/23, 11:22 AM Treatment of giant cell arteritis - UpToDate Contributor Disclosures Carlo Salvarani, MD No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose. Francesco Muratore, MD No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose. Jonathan Trobe, MD No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose. Kenneth J Warrington, MD Grant/Research/Clinical Trial Support: Eli Lilly [Giant cell arteritis]; GSK [Giant cell arteritis]; Kiniksa [Giant cell arteritis]. Other Financial Interest: Chemocentryx [Honoraria ANCA-associated vasculitis]. All of the relevant financial relationships listed have been mitigated. Philip Seo, MD, MHS No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose. Contributor disclosures are reviewed for conflicts of interest by the editorial group. When found, these are addressed by vetting through a multi-level review process, and through requirements for references to be provided to support the content. Appropriately referenced content is required of all authors and must conform to UpToDate standards of evidence. Conflict of interest policy https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-giant-cell-arteritis/print 31/31