What are the risk factors for major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Risk factors for major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation include age, renal dysfunction, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, concomitant use of antiplatelet agents, and prior bleeding. Other modifiable risk factors include alcohol consumption, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and polymorphisms of cytochrome P450.