What are the complications of CIED infection?
Complications of CIED infection can be either contiguous to the device or anatomically remote. Contiguous complications include chest wall abscess, septic thrombophlebitis, and right-sided heart endocarditis. More remote complications include skeletal complications, both local (clavicular osteo-myelitis and sternoclavicular arthritis) and remote (metastatic osteomyelitis, discitis, and septic arthritis); cardiopulmonary complications (septic pulmonary emboli, mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysm, and left-sided endocarditis with its potential complications); metastatic complications, including soft tissue and organ or muscle abscess formation; and sepsis, with its potential complications.