What is the clinical and cost-effectiveness of beta blockers in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who are in atrial fibrillation?
According to NICE guidelines, there is no recommendation regarding the use of beta-blockers for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who are in atrial fibrillation. However, moderate quality evidence (9 studies; n=2666) showed no clear effect on all-cause mortality with the confidence interval ranging from a decrease and increase in all-cause mortality. The committee also agreed that cardiovascular mortality and heart failure related hospital admissions would be considered if the all-cause data was not available. No relevant economic evaluations were identified.