What are the potential risks associated with transesophageal echocardiography during cardiac surgery?
Potential risks associated with transesophageal echocardiography during cardiac surgery include upper gastrointestinal injuries, esophageal perforations, and complications from transesophageal echocardiography such as bleeding, infection, and nerve damage. Additionally, there is a risk of cardiopulmonary bypass-associated air embolism, esophageal stenosis, and pulmonary and neurological deficits. Other potential rare risks include tracheal perforation, aspiration, and esophageal stricture. Additionally, transesophageal echocardiography can cause an increase in the risk of stroke or death.