(temporary) insertion, 732, 733f C CA 153- (tumor marker), cardiac-related dyspnea, 74 cardiac risk assessment, 680 305, 610 CA 199- (tumor marker), 443 \200\2235 cardiac scan, 706 cardiac surgery, 94, 102, cellulitis, 294 \200\2235, 453, 478, 680 529t, 537t CA 125 (tumor marker), central (secondary) adrenal insufficiency, 312 central cyanosis, 186 central diabetes insip idus, 680 117, 118, 125, 127, 138 \200\2239, 140, 141t cardiac tamponade, 117, cabergoline, 323, 325 cachexia, 73, 190, 245 CAGE questions (in 147 326 alcohol abuse), 229 cardiac transplantation, 140 cardiogenic shock, 116, 745, 750, 755 \200\2236, 757t central growth hormone deficiency, 322 central nervous system calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity, 276 calcineurin inhibitors, cardiomegaly, 113, 271 cardiomyopathies, 101, 129, (CNS) disorders, 84 268, 275 calcitriol, 305 calcium antagonists, 117 calcium channel blockers, 116, 134, 165, 216t calcium chloride infusions, central retinal artery 138, 144 \200\2235, 192 occlusion, 362 central retinal vein occlusion, 368 central vein thrombosis, cardiorespiratory symptoms, in ROS, 40 cardiovascular medicine, 88 \200\223149 461 305 cardiovascular system, 44 \200\2238, 50 \200\2233 central venous catheter cannulation, 721 \200\2232, 733f calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate arthritis, 409 cardioversion, 112, 116, 121, 123, 361, 731 cephalexin, 531t, 537t cephalic herpes zoster, 390t cephalosporins, 167t, 276, 278t, 358, 4 45, 530 \200\2231, 530 \200\2232, 531t \200\223532t cerebellar tonsil herniation, Campylobacter spp., 524, carditis, 137 Carey Coombs \200\231 murmur, 544t, 546t cancer. See oncology; individual cancers 137 Carney complex, 310, 425t carotid artery, 337f carotid artery stenosis, 361 carotid bruits, 73 carpal tunnel syndrome, Candida, 141, 461 Candida spp., 524 candidiasis (thrush), 203 canicola fever, 588 Caplan \200\231s syndrome, 196 capreomycin, 556t capsaicin ointment, 75, 294 carbamazepine, 75, 21 6t, 778 cerebellopontine angle lesions, 65t, 390t 324 cerebellum caspofungin, 170 catecholamine-secreting neoplasms, 315 catheterizing bladders, anatomy, 335 cerebellar disease, 66 cerebello-pontine angle 294, 347, 380, 639 tumors, 65t cerebral abscess, 168 cerebral artery carbapenems, 534t carbenoxolone, 664t carcino-embryonic antigen, 720 \200\2231 cat scratch disease, 193t, 584, 589 anatomy, 338f territories, 336 \200\2237, 680 cat scratch fever, 193t, 584 cauda equina tumors, 401 causality, establishing carcinoid, malignant, 138 carcinoid syndrome, 210t, 337f \200\223338f cerebral blood supply, 245 \200\2236 338 \200\2239 (in epidemiology), 29 carcinoid tumors, 245 \200\2236 carcinoma of the pancreas, cerebral edema, 226t, 778 cerebral hemisphere infarcts, 359 cerebral venous cavernous sinus thrombosis, 367, 368 244 \200\2235 cardiac arrest, 116 cardiac catheterization, 805 cefazolin, 531t, 537t cefepime, 532t, 582 cefixime, 531t, 578 thrombosis, 368 101 \200\2232 cholestyramine, 109, 228, cidofovir, 280 ciguatera poisoning, 543t cilastatin, 534t cimetidine, 323 ciprofloxacin, 16 7t, 228, 235, 257, 258, 533t, 536t, 546t, 582 cirrhosis, 43, 89, 167, 193t, 220, 227 \200 \2238, 228t, 232, 238t cisplatin, 278t clarithromycin, 533t, 537t, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 235, 248 171 \200\2232, 348 \200\2239, 371t, 773t chondrocalcinosis, 231, 409 chorea, 72, 335, 358 chronic allograft certolizumab, 241, 242t, 407t nephropathy, 276 chronic bronchitis, 179 chronic cholecystitis, 485 \200\2236 chronic dyspn ea, 74 chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, 194 chronic glomerulonephritis, cervical cancer, 80, 516 \200\22317 cervical cord lesion, 186 cervical radiculopathy, 71 ce rvicitis, 516 Cestodes (tapeworms), 600 \200\2231 CHADS2 score, 26 Chagas disease, 144, 214t, 271 583 chronic heart failure, 130 chronic hepatitis, 238t chronic immune 592 chancroid, 519t Charcot-Marie-Tooth clindamycin, 445, 534t, 537t clinical skills cardiovascular system, thrombocytopenia, 620 syndrome, 387t, 388t cheese washer \200\231s lung, 194 chemical cystitis, 258 chemotherapy, 55, 161, 173, 236, 393, 433, 630, 635 44 \200\2235, 46f, 47t chronic interstitial gastrointestinal system, nephritis, 277, 279 chronic intestinal ischemia, 58 \200\2239 genitourinary history, 469 59 \200\22360, 60t \200\22361t chronic kidney disease chest deformity, 71 chest films, 691 \200\2232, 693f \200\223696f chest MRI, 711 chest pain s, 40, 44, 90 chest radiographs, 151 \200\2232, history taking, 37 \200\2238, 39t neurological system, (CKD), 251, 271 \200\2233, 276, 279, 295, 710 61 \200\2234, 64t \200\22365t chronic leukoblastic physical examination, 42 \200\2233 psychiatric assessment, leukemia, 264 chronic leukoblastic 65t, 68 \200\2239, 69t leukemia (CLL), 264 170, 184 respiratory system, 54 \200\2237 review of systems, 40 \200\2231 speech, higher mental func tion, 65 \200\2236, 67f, 67f, 67t chronic liver disease, 58, 190 chronic liver disease, signs chest x-ray, 55, 75, 76, 86, 90, 113, 127, 129, 138, 160, 161, 164, 182, 185, 188, 190, 218 , 360 Cheyne-Stokes respiration, of, 58 chronic lower tract obstruction, 261 chronic lymphocytic clitoral enlargement, 318 clomiphene citrate, 318 Clonorchis, 601 clonus, 332t Clostridia s pp., 160, 520t, 544t, 545t, 581 71, 778 leukemia, 629 Cheyne-Stokes respiration- chronic myeloid leukemia, Cyanosis, 72 628 \200\2239 Chlamydia spp., 141, 163t, 164 \200\2235, 516, 574 \200\2235 chlordiazepoxide, 229 chloride -channel (CIC-2) activators, 213 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 74, 176, 179 \200\22380, 186, 189, 190, 198, 763, 764t clotting disorder, 452 clubbing, of fingernails, 72, 73f, 167 \200\2238, 190 cluster headac he, 346t, 347 CMV retinitis, 571t CNS hemorrhage, 359 Coagulase-negative/ chloroquine, 525, 550 chlorpromazine, 323, 411 cholangiocarcinoma, 237 cholangitis, 486 cho lecystectomy, 486 cholecystitis, 84, 485 \200\2236 cholera, 519t, 585 \200\2236 cholestasis , 679 cholestatic (obstructive) jaundice, 215, 234, 244 chronic pancreatitis, 210t, 248 chronic paronychia (of nails), 43t chronic pulmonary edema, intermediate, 520t 198t Coagulase-positive chronic radiation nephritis, staphylococci, 520t 277 coagulation disorders, 621 coal-worker \200\231s chronic upper tract obstruction, 260 chronic urate nephropathy, pneumoconiosis, 196 coarctation of the aorta, 806 cholesterol absorption inhibitors, 109 cholesterol emboli, 280 149 277 Churg-Strauss syndrome, 177, 194, 416t Coccidioides immitis, 193t, 524, 595 congenital valve disease, Coxiella burnetii, 141, 143t cramp (painful muscle cramp), 72 cranberry juice, 258 cranial nerve examination, 63 \200\2234, 64t \200\22365t, 330t cranial nerve lesions, 64t C-reactiv e protein (CRP), 26, 111, 636, 678, 679t coccidioidomycosis, 169, 139 519t, 542 Congo-Crimean HF virus, Cockcroft-Gault equation, 523t 250, 274 codeine, 214t, 323 codeine phosphate, 211 colchicine, 184, 234, 408 cold (common c old), 561 colistin, 582 collapsing pulses (water hammer pulses), 48 colonic adenocarcinoma, conjunctivitis, 192 connective tissue disorders, 305, 399, 410, 413, 542 Conn \200\231s syndrome, 314 constipation, 213 \200\22314, 214t, 244, 352 crescentic constrictive pericarditis, glomerulonephritis, 283 Creutzfeldt-Jacobs disease, 48, 147 constructional apraxia, 66 continuous ambulatory 358 211 cricothyroidotomy, 729 \200\22330 Crigler-Najjar \200\231s syndrome, colonic ischemia, 469 colonic neoplasia, 324 colonoscopy, 213, 222, peritoneal dialysis, 274 continuous glucose 215 monitoring (CGM), 286 Crohn \200\231s disease, 193t, 222, 241 \200\2232, 242t, 248, 368, 398, 403t, 636 239, 426t colorectal adenocarcinoma, continuous murmurs, 53 contraceptives, oral, 237, 500 cromolyn, 178 Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century (IOM), 1 5 colorectal cancer, 210t, 368, 639 211, 214t, 426 \200\2237, 500, 501t, 502t contraceptive steroids, 72 contrast agents, 686 contrast-mediated color-flow echocardiography, 104 nephrotoxicity, 688 \200\2239 cryptococcosis, 377, 571t Cryptococcus neoformans, 193t, 524, 595 cryptosporidiosis, 519t C ryptosporidium, 71, 545t crystal arthropathies, 399 crystal-induced arthritis, colostomy, 440t, 462 coma, 741 \200\2235, 782 communication skills, 3 \200\2236 community-a cquired convulsions, 378 coronary artery disease, 26, 101 coronary artery disease bypass grafts, 141t pneumonia, 160, 162t, 164, 165 coronary CTA (CCTA), compete arteriovenous (AV) block, 732 compulsive behavior, 68 computed tomography, 711 \200\22312 408 \200\2239 CSF results, 657t CT angiography, 152 cubital tunnel syndrome, coronary MRI (CMRI), 711 \200\22312 coronaviruses, 522t cor pulmonale, 45, 179, 186, 26, 102, 223, 252, 296, 345, 440, 625, 704 conduction aphasia, 66 conductive deafness, 357 confounders, 28 confounders, in 386t culture-negative 198 \200\223200, 199t cortex, higher functions, endocarditis, 542 333 \200\2234 Cushing \200\231s disease, 285t, 310, 320t, 392, 664t Cushing \200\231s syndrome, 42, 145t, 244, 245, 285, 305, 309 \200\22311, 316 cutaneous leishmaniasis, 593 cutaneous nerves, 343 f \200\223344f cortical vein thrombosis, 367 epidemiology, 28 confusional state, acute, corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, 377 corticosteroids, 177, 235, 265, 267, 283 113 congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 316, 664t congenital erythropoietic porphyria, 682 congenital heart disease, cortisol-secreting adrenal adenoma, 310 cyanosis, 72 \200\2233, 185, 199 cyclical mastalgia, 73 cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 Corynebacterium 105, 148 \200\2239 diphtheriae, 520t, 581 inhibitors, 278t, 648 cyclophosphamide, 184, congenital hepatic fibrosis, costochondritis, 403t cosyntropin (ACTH) 220 232, 252, 265, 266, 411, 631, 640 cycloserine, 556t cyclosporiasis, 519t congenital mitral stenosis, stimulation test, 313t 807 138 cough, 12, 40, 54, 129, congenital Noonan \200\231s 173, 179 syndrome, 140 cox-2 inhibitors, 278t, 648 dengue fever, 523t, 547, 588 denosumab, 307t dental hygiene issues, 202 deoxycorticosterone dicloxacillin, 530t, 537t dicrotic pulses, 48 didanosine, 573 difficult patients, 18 diffus e alveolar cyclosporine, 203, 232, 240, 266, 391, 639 \200\22340 cyproheptadine, 246 cysteinyl leukotr ienes, 178 cysticercosis, 379 cystic fibrosis (CF), 77, 166 \200\2237 cystic hydatid diseas e, 600 cystine stones, 282 cystinuria, 282 cystitis, 252, 257, 578 cytomegalovirus (CMV), 1 60, 215, 521t, 560, 561t (DOC) producing tumor, 664t depression, 17, 68 de Quervain \200\231s thyroiditis, hemorrhage, 185 diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), 207 193t dermatitis, 78 dermatomes, 343f \200\223344f dermatomyositis, 43, 413 \200\22314, 680 dermatomyositis- diffuse interstitial fibrosis, 77 diffusion-weighted MRI imaging (DWI), 360, 362f digital clubbing (of nails), cytoprotective agents, 208 cytotoxic intracranial pressure, 778 polymyositis, 184 43t dermatophytes, 524 desipramine, 293 desmopressin, 326 desogestrel, 318 desquamative interst itial pneumonia, 185 dexamethasone, 311t, 312, digital rectal examination, 429 D dactylitis, 403t danazol, 348 daptomycin, 534t darifenacin, 647 dark molds, 524 Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care website, 15 digoxin, 116, 131, 138, 165, 211 dihydroergotamine, 353 dilated cardiomyopathy, 144 diltiazem, 639 dimorphic picture, 611 diphtheria, 581 Diphyllobothrium latum, 600 dipst ick hematuria, 252 dipsticks, 252, 261 \200\2232, 267, 313, 430 dexfenfluramine, 206f DHEA-S darunavir, 573 deafness, 326, 356, 357 death, 18 \200\22320 death wish, passive, 68 decisio n-making, as a type of gambling, 30 \200\2231 decompensated cirrhosis, (dehydroepiandroster one-sulfate), 317t diabetes insipidus (DI), 80, 277, 280, 325 \200\223 7 diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1, 280t, 286, 269, 292, 515, 543, 575, 656 \200\2237 disaster emergencies, 797 \200\2238 discoid atelectasis, 692 discoid rash, 412t disease mod ifying drugs 287t \200\223289, 305, 317, 455 type 2, 280t, 288 \200\2239, 290t, 291t, 305, 317, 324 232 decubitus angina, 117 deep brain stimulation (DBS), 384 deep (brain) nuclei, 335 deep vein thrombosis diabetic diarrhea, 294 diabetic foot infection, 294 \200\2235, 537t (DMARDs), 406t disodium pamidronate, 430 distal intestinal obstruction diabetic gastroparesis, 294 diabetic hyperglycemic states, 113 syndrome, 167 distal renal tubular (DVT), 90, 117, 360, 362f acidosis, 258 distal symmetric defibrillation, 680, 731, diabetic ketoacidosis, 84, 186t, 779 \200\22380, 781t diabetic nephropathy, 256t, 279, 282, 292 \200\2233 diabetic neuropathy, 214t, 737, 758 polyneuropathy, 294 degenerative arthritis, 79 degenerative osteoporosis, distributive shock, 745 diuretics, 59, 76, 130, 401 134, 267 dehydration, 368, 448, 293 \200\2234 divalproex, 352 diverticulosis, 82, 214t Dix-Hallpike maneuver, 355 dizziness, 73, 355 \200 \2236, 380 docusate sodium, 213 donepezil, 651 Doppler echocardiography, 549, 616 diabetic retinopathy, 291 \200\2232, Dejerine-Roussy syndrome, 292t, 745t diagnosing, 9 \200\22310, 31 \200\2232 dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome, 274 335 delirium, 353 \200\2234 delusions, 68 demeclocycline, 280 dementia, 376 \200\2237, 649 \200\22350 demyelinating neuropathy, diaphragmatic paralysis, 186 diarrhea, 198, 210 \200\22311, 212f, 808 104 Doppler ultrasound, 238, 243t, 294, 399, 519t, 547 387 279, 702 emergency medicine, dysphasia, 54 dysphonia, 54, 66, 413 dyspnea, 74, 90, 138, 173, doripenem, 582 double-barrelled 734 \200\22398 acetaminophen colostomy, 462 poisoning, 792, 793f 176, 183, 186 douloureux, 347 doxazosin, 316, 647 doxycycline, 162t, 525, acute coronary dyspraxia, 54 dystonias, 210, 359 dysuria, 59, 74, 251 syndrome, 113, 740, 745, 752, 753t 535t, 546t, 551t, 582, 586, 588 acute liver failure, 772 acute myocardial E early diastolic murmurs, 53 Eastern equine encephalitis, DPP-IV inhibitors, 290t dressing apraxia, 66 Dressler \200\231s syndrome, 117 driving and t he heart, 149 drug abuse and infectious diseases, 540 \200\2231 drug-induced immune hemolys is, 617 infarction, 732, 749 \200\22350 acute poisoning, 519t 787 \200\22391 eating, healthy and acute renal failure, 251, 549, 635, 784 \200\2235, 786t enjoyable, 203 \200\2234, 204f \200\223295f eating disorders, 68 Eaton Lambert syndrome, acute severe asthma, 177 \200\2238, 761, 762t Addisonian crisis, 783 burns, 794 cardiogenic shock, 116, 745, 750, 755 \200\2236, 757t cardiorespiratory arrest, drug-induced jaundice, 216t drug-induced lupus, 411 drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia, 732 173 \200\2234 Ebola virus, 523t, 588 EBV-associated diseases, 560 Echinococcus granulosus, drugs, prescribing 600 736 \200\2237, 738f decisions, 12 \200\22314 dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning, 305, 306t echocardiography, 104 \200\2235, 106f, 129, 188 cerebral abscess, 774 chest pain, 740 \200\2231 coma, 741 \200\2235 COPD, acute eclampsia, 186t E. coli spp., 211, 282, 524, 545t, 546t ectoparasites, 575 \200\2236 eczema, 176 eczema herpeticum, 558 edema, 266 exacerbations, 763, 764t Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 215 ductal adenocarcinoma, 244 ductal carcinomas, 245 duloxetine, 408 duodenal biopsy, 221, 222 duodenal ulcers, 208 duodenitis, 217 duplex ultrasound, 702 Dupuytren \200\231s contractur e, diabetic (other) emergencies, 782 diabetic ketoacidosis, 84, angioedema, 29 \200\22330, 131t, 186t, 779 \200\22380, 781t 468, 688 bilateral, 453 \200\2234 nonpitting, 74, 302 pitting, 74 pulmonary edema, headache, 739 head injury, 775 \200\2236, 777t hypopituitary coma, 784 42 hypothermia, 19, 84, 92 \200\2233, 113, 226, 741, 784, 796 113, 176 unilateral, 454 efavirenz, 572, 574 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Dupuytren \200\231s contracture (in hands), 43 dutasteride, 647 duties of doctors, major disasters, 797 \200\2238 massive pulmonary 138, 145t, 189, 305, 349, 365, 474, 476t, 765, 769 ehrlichiosis, 542, 590 Eisenmenger \200 \231s syndrome, precedence determination, 2 \200\2233 embolism, 768 \200\2239, 769t meningitis, 772 \200\2233, 773t narrow complex dysarthria, 62, 66, 360 dysbetalipoproteinemia (remnant particle disease)III, 110t dyskines ia tremor, 358 dyslipidemia, 206f dyspareunia, 243 dyspepsia, 208 \200\2239 dyspepsia and i ndigestion, tachycardia, 119, 121, 760 \200\2231 77, 148 \200\2239 pheochromocytoma, 784 pneumonia, 766, 767t \200\223768t electrocardiography (ECG), 92 \200\223102, 129, 136f, 148, 188 pneumothorax, 765 preliminary assessment, electrolyte management, surgical patients, 450, 451t, 452t 736 809 raised intracranial 73, 74 electrolyte physiology, pressure, 778, 779t salicylate poisoning, 791 dysphagia, 61, 206 \200\2237, 362f, 666 \200\2237, 667t \200\223668t 413 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancre- atography, 222 \200\2233, 486 endoscopic sclerothera py, episodic macroscopic gross emergency medicine (Cont.) hematuria, 263 severe pulmonary edema, 754 eplerenone, 314 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 202, 521t, 637 erectile dysfunction, 352 ergocalc iferol, 305 ergotamines, 261 ertapenem, 162t, 534t erythema marginatum, 137 erythema nodosu m, 192 erythrocytosis, 633 erythromycin, 137, 294, 586, 588, 639 shock, 745 \200\2236, 747t, 220 748t, 749 endoscopic stenting, 235 endoscopic ultrasound, shortness of breath, 740 smoke inhalation, 795t status epilepticus, 774, 223, 428 endoscopy, 219, 220 \200\2232 end-stage liver disease, 227, 775t tension pneumothorax, 228, 233 765 \200\2236 end-stage renal disease, 258, 261, 263, 264, 265, 266, 271, 274, 277, 292t thyroid emergencies, 782, 783t upper GI bleeding, acute, erythropoietic 769 \200\22370, 771t wide complex enemas, 213 enfuvirtide fusion inhibitor, protoporphyria, 682 erythropoietin, 634 esophageal tachycardia, 116, 125, 126f, 757 \200\2238, 759t 574 enophthalmos, 173 enoxaparin, 115, 188, 446, 447t, 453, 623 Entamoeba histolytica, 591 ente ric fever, 585 enteric infections, 519t Enterobacteriaceae adenocarcinoma, 209 esophageal cancer, 206, 207 esophageal candidiasis, 571t esophagus EMG-NCS (electromyographic nerve conduction study), 329 emphysema, 179 empiric treatment, 536t \200 \223539t empyema, 72, 152 \200\2233, 165 \200\2236, Barrett esophagus, 209 diffuse esophageal spasm, 207 infection, 252, 582 Enterobius vermicularis, 598 Enterococcus faecalis, 530 Enterococcus fa ecium, 530 enteroscopy capsule, 223 \200\2234 enterovesical fistula, 697 enteroviruses, 522 t, 524, eosinophilic esophagitis, 486 206, 209 emtricitabine, 572, 573 enalapril, 134 encainide, 27 encephalitic viruses, 523t encephaliti s, 62, 84, 345, esophageal cancer, 206, 207 esophagitis, 197, 209 gastroesophageal re \202 ux, 82 346t, 372, 379, 526 encephalopathy, 135, 226t, 544t re \202 ux esophagitis, 206 regurgitation, 82 essential hypertension, enthesitis-related arthritis, 271, 381 end colostomy, 462 endemic mycoses, 524 endemic treponematoses, 407t 132, 278 eosinophilia, 276, 312 eosinophilic esophagitis, essential thrombocytosis, 633 206, 209 587 essential tremor (ET), 384 ethambutol, 556t ethics of doctors, 1 \200\2233 ethinyl estradio l, 318 ethionamide, 556t etravirine, 574 evidence-based medicine, eosinophils, 613 eosinophiluria, 276 epicondylectomies, 386t epidemic typhus, 590 epidemiol ogy, 26 \200\2239, 30t, endobronchial obstruction, 168 endocardial fibroelastosis, 138 endocarditis, 105, 138, 140, 141 \200\2232, 143 \200\2234, 143t, 264 31 \200\2235, 35t epidermal growth factor endocrine failure, 745 endocrine neoplasia syndromes, 304t 27 \200\2238 receptor (EGFR), 434 \200\2235 Evidence-Based Medicine journal, 27 exercise ECG testing, 99 \200\223100, 115 epidermolysis bullosa, 203 epididymitis, 578, 710 epidural analgesia, 452 epidural hematoma , 345, endocrinology, 284 \200\223327 endogenous Cushing \200\231s syndrome, 309 endogenous nephro toxins, exercise-induced asthma, 176 exogenous 369 \200\22370 278t 810 epigastric pain, acute and endometriosis, 80 endomyocardial biopsy, mineralocorticoids, 664t chronic, 74 epilepsy, 89, 378 \200\22382 101, 129 fluticasone (Flovent HFA ), farmer \200\231s lung, 194, 198t Fasciola hepatica, 601 Fasciolopsis buski, 601 fasting, mo nitored, 296t fasting hypoglycemia, 295 fatigue, 75 fat-soluble vitamin exogenous nephrotoxins, 278t 178t exotic infections, 602, focal nodular hyperplasia, 603t \200\223607t experimental studies, 237 focal proliferative lupus nephritis, 264t of therapeutic effectiveness, 27, 32 \200\2233, 34t focal segment prophylaxis, 234 glomerulosclerosis, 266 fatty liver, 224, 229 febrile neutropenic extra-articular rheumatoid arthritis, 404 folate deficiency, 610, regimen, 430 extraluminal/extraintestinal 613 \200\22314 follicle-stimulating fecal incontinence, 75, 75t fecal occult-blood testing, gas, 697 \200\2238 extramedullary hormone (FSH), 318 426 hematopoiesis, 634 extraocular movements (EOMs), 745t formoterol, 177 fosamprenavir, 573 foscarnet, 280 fosphenytoin, 382 4-aminopyridine, 374 Fr amingham Risk Felty syndrome, 404 femoral nerve, 341f fenfluramine, 138, 206f fentanyl transdermal patche s, 432t fesoterodine, 647 fetor hepaticus, 58 fever and night sweats, 76 fever of unknown o rigin (FUO), 542 \200\2233 fiberoptic bronchoscopy, extrapyramidal disease, 66 extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), 194 Calculator, 30t, 108 ezetimibe, 109 Framingham score, 26 Francisella tularensis, 520t, F facial nerve lesions, 64 facial pain, 74, 75t facial telangiectasia, 203 Factor Xa inhibi tors, 583 \200\2234 Friedreich \200\231s ataxia, 145t frontal lobe functions, 157, 168 fibrates, 109 fibrinolytic agents, 622f fibrinolytic system, 622f fibromuscular dy splasia, 333 \200\2234 623, 624 faintness, 355 Fallot \200\231s tetralogy, 140 familial breast cancer, 424 familia l colorectal cancer, frontotemporal dementia, 377 fulminant hepatic failure, 224 279 fulminant hepatitis, 220 functional pituitary adenomas, 320t fungal infections, 141, 143t, 423 \200\2234, 425t fibromyalgia, 408 fibrosarcoma, 237 fibrous dysplasia, 356 Filamentous fungi, 524 filarial infections, 599 \200\223600 finasteride, 647 first degree arteriovenous (AV) block, 732 fir st-degree AV-block, 116 fish oil, 109 fistula, 440t flaccidity, 332t flail chest, 186 flank pain, 76, 251, 258, 267 flatulence, 76 flecainide, 27 fluconazole, 143t, 171, 216t flucyto sine, 143t fludrocortisone, 294, 313 fluid therapy, IV, 658 \200\2239, familial combined hyperlipidemia, 110t familial defective 169 \200\22372, 594 \200\2237 fungal pathogens, 524 funnel chest (pectus excavatum), 71 fur osemide, 270, 276 furrier \200\231s lung, 194 apoprotein B-100IIa, 110t familial hypercholes- terolemia, 110t familial hyperchylomi- cronemia, 110t familial hyperlipidemias, G G6PD deficiency, 665 gabapentin, 294, 347, 352, 109 familial hypersensitivity pneumonia, 194 380, 384 gadolinium contrast, 689 gait apraxia, 66 gall bladder disease, 74 gallstone ileus, 486 gal lstones, 167, 485 ganciclovir, 561t gangrenous ischemic colitis, familial hypertriglyceridemia, 110t familial melanoma, 425t familial predisposition for cancer, 425t familial prostate cancer, 659t \200\223660t fluoroquinolone, 445 fluoroquinolone IV, 162t fluticasone, 182t 811 469 424 fampridine, 374 Fanconi syndrome, 280 gastric biopsy, 221 gastric bypass, 305 postural hypotension, glycogen storage diseases, gastric neoplasia, 470 gastric pacemakers, 294 gastric parietal cell antibody, 415t gastric ulcers, 208 gastritis, 470 gastroenteritis, 243, 543, 645 637 preventive geriatrics, glycosaminoglycans 651 \200\2232 (myxedema), 302 glycyrrhizic acid, 664t goiter, 298, 299 gold, 184, 283 gonadotropin releas ing hormone (GnRH), 322 urinary incontinence, 646 \200\2237 GGT, 680 GH-secreting pituitary adenoma, 324 543t \200\223546t gastroenterology, 58 \200\2239, 72, giant cell (temporal) 76, 202 \200\22349 arteritis, 65t, 193t, 346t, 362, 418, 542 gonorrhea, 398, 519t, 578 Goodpasture \200\231s syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 82, 209 \200\22310, 496 Giardia lamblia, 545t giardiasis, 519t, 591 Gilbert \200\231s syndrome, 215 Gilles de la To urette \200\231s syndrome, 358 77, 185 gout, 258, 408, 665 Graham Steell murmur, gastrointestinal bleeding, 470 \200\2231, 769 \200\22370, 771t 138, 199 gastrointestinal gram-negative bacilli, 163t, 399, 520t, 582 \200\2234 gram-negative cocci, 520t, calcification, 698 gingivitis, 203, 245 gingivostomatitis, 558 Gitelman syndrome, 281 glans penis ischemia, 80 Glanzmann \200\231s gastrointestinal malabsorption, 248 \200\2239 gastrointestinal radiology, 530 gram-positive bacilli, 520t, 708 \200\22310 579 \200\22382 gastrointestinal symptoms, thrombasthenia, 620 gram-positive cocci, 520t granulomas, infiltrating, in ROS, 40 gastroparesis, 290t Gaucher \200\231s disease, 77 genetic tests (cancer), 424 ge nital herpes, 558 genital ulcer disease, 576 genitourinary history, 59 \200\22360, 60t \200 \22361t Glasgow Coma Scale, 364, 743 \200\2234 146t glatiramer acetate, 374 glaucoma, 192, 346t, 347 glimepiride, 290t glipizide, 290t Global I nitiative for COPD (GOLD), 182t \200\223183t granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 265, 416 \200\22317 granulomatous hepatitis, 542 granulomatous orchitis, genitourinary radiology, 710 genitourinary symptoms, in globus hystericus, 206 glomerular filtration rate, 193t Grave \200\231s disease, 298 \200\2239, 301t gross splenomegaly, 547 group A-hemolytic ROS, 40 \200\2231 250 gentamicin, 143t, 269, 532t, glomerulonephritis (GN), 133, 232, 256t, 261 \200\2236, 271, 279, 282, 283 582, 640 streptococcus, 137 geriatric medicine, 642 \200\22352 Alzheimer \200\231s dementia, growth hormone deficiency, 322 growth-hormone (GH)- secreting pituitary adenoma, 320t guanylate cyclase C agonist, 214 71, 377 \200\2238, 651 glossitis, 203 glossitis, atrophic, 610 GLP-1 agonists, 290t glucocorticoid-remediable aldo steronism (GRA), 314, 664t dementia, approach to, 649 \200\22350 examination considerations, 643 \200\2234 falls, 644 \200\2235 frailty, 644 hospital treatment, guarding, 76 Guillain \200\223Barr syndrome, 66, 186, 352, 387 gum hypertrophy, 381 gynec ology glucocorticoid therapy, 318 glucocorticosteroids 642 \200\2233 therapy, 184, 185, 195, 312 \200\22313 impairment/disabilities, 645 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, 616 \200\22317 glucose management, surgery, 4 55 gluten-free diet, 248 glyburide, 290t glycerol suppositories, 213 malignant disorders, mental state assessment, 516 \200\22317 648 \200\2239 ovarian disorders, 517 uterine/vaginal disorders, old age disease characteristics, 643 812 516 polypharmacy, 648 post-stroke vulva disorders, 515 \200\22316 gynecomastia, 58, 319 rehabilitation, 646 Carey Coombs \200\231 murmur, 137 hepatic congestion, 77 hepatic encephalopathy, H HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy), 574 Haemophilus influenzae spp., 160, 162t, 582 Graham Steell murmur, 224 138 hepatic failure, 295 hepatic iminodiacetic acid heart muscle diseases, 144 \200\2235 (HIDA), 485 hepatic neoplasia, 238t hepatic vein thrombosis, 77 hepatitis A, B vaccine, 540 t hepatitis A virus (HAV), 238t, 519t, 526t, 564 acute myocarditis, 144 cardiac myxoma, 145 dilated cardiomyopathy, halitosis, 76, 77t hallucinations, 68 haloperidol, 323, 353, 465 144 hypertrophic Hamman-Rich syndrome, cardiomyopathy, 144 \200\2235 hepatitis B-associated cirrhosis, 238t hepatitis B virus (HBV), 184 restrictive hands, 43t, 72, 73f, 167 \200\2238, cardiomyopathy, 145 190 heat exposure, 746 heavy chain disease, 635 helical noncontrast/CT, 55 Helicobacter pylori 238t, 519t, 526t, 564, 565t Hansen \200\231s disease (leprosy), 586 \200\2237 hepatitis C-membrano- hantavirus, 282, 523t Hashimoto \200\231s thyroiditis, proliferative GN, 282 infection, 73, 208 \200\2239 hepatitis C virus (HCV), 264, 519t, 565t hepatitis D virus (HDV), 297t, 302 HCV cirrhosis, 228 HDL (high-density heliotrope rash, 413 hemangiomas, 237 hematology, 608 \200\22340, 657t hematoma, 680 566 lipoprotein), 109 hepatitis E virus (HEV), 566 hepatitis infections, 216t, headache, 320 epidural, 345, 369 \200\22370 subdural, 345 chronic, 348 \200\2239 cluster, 346t migraine, 84, 345, 346t, 564 \200\2236 hematuria, 236, 251, 252, alcoholic hepatitis, 215, 265, 282 230t 349 \200\22353 hemiballismus, 76, 358 hemobilia, 217 hemochromatosis, 42, 82, 123, 145t, 215, 224, 321 hem odialysis, 274 hemoglobinuria, 251, 549 hemolytic anemias, 609, autoimmune hepatitis, migraine aura, 61 \200\2232, 346, 215, 224, 232 350 \200\2231, 356, 363 rebound, 346t, 349 sentinel, 365 subacute onset, 348 fulminant hepatitis, 220 hepatitis A, B vaccine, 540t viral hepatitis, 224 head CT, 712 head injury, 775 \200\2236, 777t head MRI, 712 health, defined, 2 health care- acquired hepatobiliary scan (HIDA), 706 \200\2237 615 \200\22317 hemolytic uremic hepatoblastoma (children), 237 syndrome (HUS), 279, 519t hemophilia, 252, 621 hemoptysis, 40, 76, 77t, hepatocellular adenomas, pneumonia (HCAP), 160 237 hepatocellular cancer, 228 hepatocellular carcinoma, health-care FUO, 542 heart. See also 228, 236 168, 173 cardiovascular medicine chest \201 lms, 691 \200\2232 coronary circulation, hepatocellular jaundice, 215 hepatojugular reflux, 47 hepatolenticular hemorrhagic fever, 588 hemorrhagic shock, 449 hemorrhoids, 82, 491, 492t hemosiderosis, 77 Henoch-Sch nlein purpura degeneration, 233 hepatomegaly, 70, 77, 129, 192, 199, 235, 236 hepatorenal syndrome, 226t, 268, 464 hepatosplenomegaly, 547 hereditary coproporphyria, 104f emboli, 359 murmurs, 52 \200\2233, 54f sounds, 50 \200\2231 transplantation, 140 (HSP), 263 heparin, 368, 446, 447t low-molecular weight heparin, 115, 188 \200\2239, 453, 623 heparin-induced heartburn, 76 heart failure, 128 \200\22330, 129f, 190, 245, 368, 750, 755t 813 682 hereditary elliptocytosis, thrombocytopenia, 446 616 heart murmurs, 52 \200\2233, 54f hormone replacement therapy, 189, 651 Horner \200\231s syndrome, 55, 173 hospital-acquired hyperhomocysteinemia, hereditary 368 hemochromatosis, 227 \200\2238, 231, 236 hereditary hypokalemic tubulopathies, 281 hyperkalemia, 270, 275, 312, 450t, 665, 671 \200\2233, 786t pneumonia (HAP), 160, 165 hyperlactatemia, 782 hyperlipidemia, 44, 108 \200\2239, hereditary spherocytosis, Howell-Jolly bodies, 611 HSV encephalitis, 372 HSV keratitis, 558 human chorionic 110t, 249, 266, 267, 362 616 hypermagnesemia, 451t, 677 herniation syndromes, 778 heroin overdose, 186t herpes infections, 160, 203, hypernatremia, 379, 450t hyperoxaluria, 258, 281 hyperparasitemia, 549 hyperparathyroidism, 249, 277, 283, 303 \200\2234 hyperphosphatemia, 665 hyperpigmentation. see skin gonadotropin (HCG) l, 319t, 680 human herpes viruses (HHV), 521t 356, 516, 521t, 557 \200\2239, 558 \200\2239 herpes simplex encephalitis, 558 herpes simplex meningitis, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), 232 human papilloma virus (HPV), 493, 508, 515, 539t 558 discoloration herpes simplex virus hyperplasia, 516 hyperprolactinemia, 320, (HSV), 160, 203, 516, 521t, 558 \200\2239 Huntington \200\231s disease, 72, 322 \200\2234 herpes zoster oticus, 356 herpetic whitlow, 558 herpetiformis, 78 highly active antiretrovi ral therapy (HAART), 574 358, 377 hyperreflexia, 298, 332t hypersegmentation, 611 hypersensitivity Hutchinson pupil, 81 \200\2232 hydatid disease, 600 hydrochlorothiazide, 327 hydrocortisone , 240, pneumonitis, 170, 173, 183, 194 high-resolution CT 313, 463 with eosinophilia, 194 \200\2235 (HRCT), 152, 184 hydroxychloroquine, 406t, hypersplenism, 632 hypertension (HTN), 59, hilar adenopathy, 55 Hippocratic Oath, v Hirschsprung \200\231s disease, 214t hirsutism, 31 6 \200\22318, 317t, 324 Histoplasma capsulatum, 193t, 524, 595 411, 525 Hydroxy-CQ, 551t Hymenolepis diminuta, 600 Hymenolepis nana, 600 hyoscine, 452 hyp eraldosteronism, 128, 360 malignant, 132, 135, 136f metabolic alkalosis differential, 664t postural, 44 pulmonary, 129, 138, Histoplasmosis capsulatum, 170 313 \200\22314, 450t, 655t, 663t, 664t hyperammonemia, 381 hyperbilirubinemia, 245 hypercal cemia, 84, 173, 192, 214t, 244, 249, 258, 268, 307t, 379, 429 \200\22330, 451t, 635 hyperca lcemic 180, 186, 195 history taking, from patient, renal diseases causing, 37 \200\2238, 39t, 40 \200\2231 HIV/AIDS, 555t \200\223557t, 566 \200\2239 HIV infection, 6 2, 146t, 168, 170, 282, 377, 379, 519t, 522t 279 risk factors, 113 secondary, 133, 278 hypertensive retinopathy, 133 treatment/monitoring, hyperthyroidism, 41, 43t, 285, 298t, 463 hypertriglyceridemia, 109 hypertrophic 571 \200\2234 HMG-CoA reductase nephropathy, 277, 282 inhibitors, 280, 362 hypercalciuria, 192, 283, hoarseness, 54, 138 Hodgkin \200\231s lymphoma, 307t hypercapnia, 187 hypercholesterolemia, cardiomyopathy, 144 \200\2235, 145t 560, 630 hypertrophic pulmonary Hoffmann \200\231s reflex, 332t Holmes-Adie (myotonic) 108 \200\2239 osteoarthropathy (HPOA), 55, 167 hypergammaglobulinemia, pupil, 81 232, 235 hyperglycemia, 289 hyperglycemic hyperuricemia, 665 hyperuricosuria, 258 hyperventilation, 77 hyperviscosity syndromes, holosystolic murmur (HSM), 53 814 Holt-Oram syndrome, 146t homonymous hemianopia, hyperosmolar nonketotic state, 782 636 \200\2237 64t hyperhidrosis, 324 idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, 410 idiopathic intracranial infectious mononucleosis, hypoalbuminemia, 266 hypocalcemia, 305, 451t, 665 hypochromia, 611 hypocitraturia, 258 hypo gammaglobulinemia, 559 infective endocarditis, hypertension (IIH), 346t, 348 138, 140, 141 \200\2232, 143t, 359, 461 idiopathic orthostatic hypotension, 80 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 184, 198t idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, 195 idiosyncratic reactions, to infective hemoptysis, 76 inferior gluteal nerve, 341f inferior petrosal sinus, 367 infiltra ting granulomas, 168 hypoglycemia, 286, 290t, 294, 295 \200\2237, 364, 379 hypoglycemic coma, 782 hypogonadism, 294, 305 hypogonadotropic 146t infiltrative lymphadenopathy, 79 hypogonadism, 321 \200\2232 drugs, 12 ifosfamide, 280 IgA nephropathy (Berger \200\231s inflammation/infection hypokalemia, 214t, 450t, scan, 707 673 \200\2234 inflammatory arthritis, hypomagnesemia, 451t, 677 hyponatremia, 84, 302, 312, 379, 448, 450t, 668 \200\2239, 670t disease), 263 IL-1 antagonist, 407t IL-6 antagonist, 407t ileal resection, 248 ileostomies, 463 imipenem, 534t, 582 imipramine, 647 immediate hypersensitivity 399 \200\223400 inflammatory markers, 636 infliximab, 239, 242t influenza, 161, 164, 182t, hypoparathyroidism, 305 hypophosphatemia, 173 hypophosphatemic 519t, 562t informed consent, 447 inherited kidney diseases, disorders, 173, 309 hypopituitarism, 42, 80, 295, 320, 321 hypopituitary coma, 784 hypotens ion, 165, 261, 274 hypothalamic-pituitary- reactions (IHR), 688 281 \200\2232 immune modulator inherited thrombophilia, therapy, 406t 638 insomnia, 78 insulin-like growth factor, immune thrombocytopenia, 620 thyroid (HPA) axis, 299t hypothalamus 295, 321 immunization, adults, insulin-like growth factor 2 539 \200\22340 (IGF-2), 295 anatomy, 335 immunosuppressants, 147, insulinoma, 296 insulin preparations, regimens, 286, 287t \200\223289t, 291t insulin secret agogues, 290 interferon- , 374 internuclear hypothermia, 19, 84, 92 \200\2233, 113, 226, 741, 784, 796 192, 275, 278, 376, 388, 628, 639 \200\22340 inappropriate ADH hypothyroidism, 41, 146t, 190, 214t, 297t, 298 \200\223300, 301 \200\2232, 321, 745 hypoton ia, 63t, 332t hypovolemic shock, 186t, secretion, 430 incidence, in epidemiology, 28 ophthalmoplegia, 78 incident diabetic interstitial fibrosis, 198 interstitial intracranial pressure, 778 interstitial lung diseas es, 449, 745 nephropathy, 292t incipient hypoglycemia, 316 inclusion body myositis hypoxemia, 165 hypoxia, 186, 379, 465 (IBM), 414 incretin mimetics, 290 indigestion, 73 indinavir, 258, 573 industrial dust disea ses, 183 \200\2235, 198t I iatrogenic Cushing \200\231s syndrome, 310 iatrogenic shock, 745 ibandronate, 307t ibupro fen, 452 ice craving (pagophagia), 610 idiopathic headache syndromes, 345 interstitial nephritis, 258, 276 \200\2237, 283 intestinal ischemia, 468 \200\2239 intracardiac 193t, 196 \200\2237 electrophysiology, 102 intracerebral hemorrhage, infantile polycystic kidney disease, 281 infantile spasms, 358 infection-associated 364 intracranial hematoma, 776 intracranial hypotension, 815 nephropathies, 282 idiopathic 349 infectious diseases, 518 \200\223607 hyperaldosteronism, 314 intracranial lesions, 364 jugular venous pulse and left parasternal heave, 45 left shift, 611 left upper quadrant pain, 79 intracranial venous pressure, 47 \200\2238, 78 junctional tachycardia, 760 justice, promotion of, by thrombosis, 367 \200\2238 intractable heart failure, 131, 144 intraductal papillary doctors, 2 left ventricular aneurysm, 117 mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), 428 left ventricular failure K kanamycin, 556t Kawasaki disease, 146t, 633 Kayser-Fleischer rings, 233 keratoconjunctivi tis, 192 ketamine, 431 ketanserin, 246 ketoconazole, 216t, 639 ketones, 657 Klebsiella, 160 , 164, 169 Klinefelter \200\231s syndrome, 146t koilonychia (spoon-shaped (LVF), 116, 128 Legionella pneumophila, 163t, 164, 169 leiomyoma (fibroids), 516 leiomyosar coma, 237 leishmaniasis, 593 \200\2234 length bias, in screening, 35 length biases in scree ning, intralysosomal deposits of trihexoside, 281 intravenous urogram/ pyelogram (IVU/ IVP), 255 intubation difficulties, management, 443 invasive aspergillosis, 170 invasive candidiasis, 594 inverse care law (on 35 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 381 delivery of quality medical care), 15 leprosy (Hansen \200\231s disease), 193t, 387t, 586 \200\2237 leptospirosis, 144, 215, 282, nails), 43t, 610 KUB (kidney, ureters, iodine-131, 301t ipratropium, 178, 182t ipratropium bromide, bladder) x-ray, 254 Kussmaul respiration, 77 kyphoscoliosis, 186 kyphosis ( \200\234humpbac k \200\235), 71 587 \200\2238 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 178t, 761 ipsilateral UMN 277, 665 lesions, 329 leukemia, 170, 625 \200\2236 dysfunction, 329 iron-deficiency anemia, 209, 221, 248, 609 \200\22310 irritable bowel synd rome, 74, 210t, 242 \200\2233, 243t, 249 ischemia, 128 ischemic colitis, 210t ischemic stro ke, 359 \200\22362 isolated sagittal sinus thrombosis, 367 L labyrinthine vertigo, 355 lacosamide, 381 lacuna infarcts, 360 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 626 \200\2237 acute myeloid leukemia, 203, 627 \200\2238 Burkitt \200\231s leukemia, 631 chronic leukoblastic leukemia, 264 chronic lymphocytic leuk emia, 629 chronic myeloid syndrome, 391 lamivudine, 573 lamotrigine, 347, 380 \200\2231 Lance-Adams syndrome, 359 lanreotide, 246 laparoscopic isoniazid, 216t, 411, 556t isotretinoin, 348 itching (pruritus), 78 itraconazole, 170, 171, 216t IV catheter placement, 656, leukemia, 628 \200\2239 leukemoid reaction, 611 leukodystrophy, 388t leukoerythroblastic an emia, cholecystectomy, 486 Lassa virus, 523t, 588 latent autoimmune 611 leukopenia, 232 leukoplakia, 202 leukotriene receptor antagonists, 178 720, 735, 736t IV fluid therapy, 658 \200\2239, diabetes in adulthood (LADA), 286 latent varicella zoster virus, 356 659t \200\223660t J Jacksonian convulsion, 378 Janus kinase inhibitor, 407t Japanese encephalitis (JE-VC), 52 6 lateral sinus thrombosis, levetiracetam, 381 levofloxacin, 533t, 556t levothyroxine, 302 Lewy body dementia, 377 Libm an-Sacks-endocarditis, 367 laxatives, 213 LDL (low-density lipoprotein), 109, 289