autoimmune pancreatitis 84 \200\2235 autoimmune serology 38 \200\22341 autoin \202 ammator y syndromes 500 \200\2235 autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets (ADHR) 424 avascular necrosis 168 \200\2239, 381 axillary nerve injury 144 azathiop rine 84, 552 \200\2234 general management 330 \200\2231 kidney disease 74 nervous system 94, 95 anconeus 147 ankle B back pain 130 bacterial meningitis 95 bacterial myositis 460 bacterial overgrowth 84, 88 Baker \200\231s (popliteal) cyst 181 \200\2232, 188 Bankart lesion 142 Barmah Forest virus 468 Barrett \200\231s metaplasia 82, 87 basic calcium phosphate crystals 392 \200\2233 basi lar invagination 125 Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index anatomy 184 \200\2235 impingement syndrome 190 \200\2231 injections 114 \200\22315 regional musculoskeletal conditions 190 \200\2233 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) 214 \200\22319 anti-TNF therapy 217 chest disease 54 discriminating from DISH 216 eye problems 48 heart disease 66 HLA B27 214 measurement scale (BASFI) 4 modi \201 ed New York Criteria for C calci \201 c tendinitis, rotator cuff 141 calcium intake 397 \200\2238, 422, 423 calcium oxalate crystals 42 calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) (BASFI) 4 behavioral therapy 482 Beh et \200\231s disease 15, 340 \200\2231 diagnosis 214 nervous system 92, 93 crystals 42 chest disease 54 anserine bursa injections 113 INDEX 578 computed tomography (CT) 30 \200\2232 conduction system disease 66 \200\2237, 68, 69, 70 co nduction velocity (CV) 44 congenital contractural arachnodactyly 438 congenital heart block 67, 71 conjunctivitis 49 constipation 83, 88 co-prevalent conditions 3 coronary artery dis ease (CAD) 66, 67, 68, disc herniation 124 \200\2235, 131 \200\2232 discitis 126, 133, 454 \200\2235 discoid lupus erythematosus 98 disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) disease 14, 15, 388 \200\22390 Camurati \200\223Engelman disease 434 cANCA 41 candidiasis 82, 87 capsaicin 481 cardiac amy loid 71 cardiac nodules 71 cardiovascular disease 20, 66 \200\22372 carnitine de \201 cien cy syndrome 523 carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) II (DMARDs) 531 \200\22375 distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) 152 distal motor latency (DML) 44 distal radio-ulna joi nt injections 111 osteoarthritis 158 DNA antibodies 39 double vision 51 Dranunculus medinensis 477 driving 96 drug history 20 drug-induced problems 70, 71 coronary ligament injections 113 costochondritis 55, 61 COX-II inhibitors 481 coxa valga 16 4 coxa vara 164 cranial setting 125 cricoarytenoiditis 55, 62 Crithidia luciliae assay 39 C rohn \200\231s disease 83, 230 cruciate ligaments 174 \200\2235, 181 cryoglobulinaema 75, 8 2, 334 \200\2235 cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome de \201 ciency 523 carpal tunnel 152 carpal tunnel syndrome 160 \200\2231 injections 112 neurophysiology 45 gastrointestinal tract 84 lupus 20, 241, 248 \200\2239 myopathies 20, 292 \200\2233 osteoma lacia 424 pneumonitis 56, 62 side-effects of rheumatological carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis 158 cataract 49 caudal epidural 115 cellulitis 458 cer ebrospinal \202 uid 92 cervical spine 119, 122, 124 \200\2237 chest disease 31, 54 \200 \22364 chest wall 54, 55 \200\2236, 57 \200\2238, 61, 128 \200\2239 Chikungunya virus 468 c hilblain lupus erythematosus 98 Child Health Assessment Questionnaire (CAPS) 504 \200\2235 cryptococcosis 476 crystal arthritis 15, 383 \200\22393 crystal bursit is 149 crystals, features 42 CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) 60 CTLA4 \200\223Ig 568 \200\223 75 cubital tunnel syndrome 151, 161 cuneate tracts 121 cutaneous calcinosis 99 cutaneous lu pus erythematosus 98, 244, 249 cutaneous vasculitis 100 cyclo-oxygenase-II (COX-II) inhibit ors 481 cyclophosphamide 84, 562 \200\2236 cyclosporin A 558 \200\22360 cysticercosis 461 c ytomegalovirus (CMV) 241 drugs 49, 94 Dupuytren \200\231s disease 162 DXA scanning 400 E echinococcus 477 echocardiography 60, 61, 69 Ehlers \200\223Danlos syndrome (EDS) 82, 440 \200\2231 elbow (CHAQ) 4 children dermatomyositis (JDM) 298 \200\223300 examination 10 \200\22311 GALS examination 11 growing pains 7 history taking 3 \200\2234, 6 \200\2237 osteoporosis 412 \200\22313 pain 2, 6 \200 \2237 rickets 422 \200\2235 torticollis 126 \200\2237 see also juvenile idiopathic arthriti s anatomy 146 \200\2237 differential diagnosis of pain 148 injections 110 nerve entrapment 15 0 \200\2231 osteoarthritis 149 \200\22350 regional musculoskeletal conditions 148 \200\2235 1 elderly, history taking 6 electrocardiogram (ECG) 61, 69 electroencephalogram (EEG) 92 el ectromyography (EMG) 22, 44 \200\2235, 92 ELISA 39 empyema 62 encephalitis 95 endocardial d isease 66 endocrine disorders 285 endosteal hyperostosis (EH) 434 enteric arthritis 83, 226 enteric spondyloarthropathy 230 enteropathic spondyloarthropathy 230 \200\2231 enthesitis 14 chloroquine 544 \200\2235 cholecystitis 89 cholesterol crystals 42 chondrocalcinosis 388 ch ondroma 529 chondrosarcoma 529 Chopart joint 187 chorea 462 choroidal neovascular membrane 51 Christmas disease 510 \200\22311 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 80 \200\2231, 426 chronic pain 479 \200\22390 Churg \200\223Strauss syndrome (CSS) 326 \200\2237 D dactylitis 195 daytime somnolence 96 De Quervain \200\231s tenosynovitis 26, 159 injections 111 debranching enzyme de \201 ciency 523 deep morphea 99 delayed gastric emptying 83, 87 delt oid 137, 138 denervation 44 \200\2235 denosumab 405 depomedrone injections 107 dermatomes 1 20 dermatomyositis (DM) 290 \200\2236 gastrointestinal disease 82 heart disease 66 nervous system 93 pregnancy 368 treatment 330 \200\2231 chylous arthritis 476 ciclosporin 84, 558 \200\22360 CINCA/NOMID 504 clavicle 136 chest wall 61 knee 178 pelvis 171 chest disease 54 eye problems 48 gastrointestinal disease 82 heart disease 66 juvenile 298 \200\223300 nervous system 93, 95 skin disease 98 \200\2239 descending tracts 121 diabetes mellitus 100, 494 diabetic cheiroarthropathy 162, 494 diabetic femoral amyotrophy 494 diabe tic foot ulcers 455 diabetic osteoarthropathy 494 diabetic osteomyelitis 455 diaphyseal acl asia 435 diarrhea 83, 88 diet enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) 232 \200\2234, 352 eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome 520 \200\2231 eosinophilic fasciitis 310 \200\22311, 520 epis cleritis 49, 52 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) 241 equipment, examination 8 erosions 25 erosive o steoarthritis 375, 376 erythema migrans 466, 467 erythema nodosum 514 erythroderma 102 etan ercept 84, 568 \200\22375 examination 8 \200\22312 exercise tests 61 exocrine pancreatic in suf \201 ciency 83, 88 extensor carpi radialis brevis 147 extensor carpi radialis longus 1 47 extensor carpi ulnaris 147 osteomyelitis 455 clergyman \200\231s knee 179, 458 clinical assessment 1 \200\22323 clinical neurophysiology 44 \200\2235 \200\230closed chain \200\231 9 Clostridial myonecrosis 460 \200\2231 club f oot 185 coccydynia 133 codeine 481 coeliac disease 83 Cogan \200\231s syndrome 338 \200\223 9 cognitive behavioral therapy 482 colchicine 84 colitis 83, 88, 230 collagen disorders 437 \200\22343 collateral ligaments 174, 180 \200\2231 compartment syndromes 184, 188 compleme ntary therapies 376 \200\2237, 482 complex regional pain syndrome type I gout 387 post-menopausal osteoporosis 397 \200\2238 diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) 56 diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis 264, 271 tenosynovitis 159 extensor digiti minimi 147, 154 extensor digitorum communis 147, 154 extensor indicis propr ius 147, 154 extensor pollicis brevis 147, 154 extensor pollicis longus 147, 154 extractabl e nuclear antigens (ENA) 39, 40 eye problems 15, 48 \200\22353 diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) 216, 380 diffuse in \201 ltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (CRPS-1) 488 \200\22390 (DILS) 470 compound muscle action potential diplopia 51 disability measurement 4 (CMAP) 44 INDEX 579 F F wave 44 facial pain 90, 95 fecal incontinence 83 falls 399 familial cold in \202 ammat ory condition high-stepping gait 9 hip gastroeosophageal re \202 ux disease (GORD) 85 gastrointestinal problems 20, 82 \200\2239 Gaucher \200\231s disease 518 \200\22319 generalized morphea 99 generalized pustular psoria sis 102 giant cell arteritis (GCA) 48, 52, 66, 82, 93, anatomy 164 \200\2236 bursitis 168 differential diagnosis of pain 168 fractures 397 injecti ons 112 \200\22313 osteoarthritis 372 regional musculoskeletal conditions 168 \200\22372 sy mmetry of movement 8 \200\2239 95, 318 \200\22319 (FCAS) 504 giant diverticulae 83, 88 glaucoma 48 glenohumeral joint 136 familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) 15, 101, 500 \200\2231, 504 family history 15 fat pad impingement syndrome 178 fatty acid transporta tion defects 523 feet, see foot femoral head 164, 165 histiocytic cytophagic panniculitis 515 histoplasmosis 476 history taking 2 \200\2237 HIV 1 5, 469 \200\22370 HLA B27 214 Hoffa \200\231s disease 178 Hoffman (H) re \202 ex 44 homocy stinuria 438 hormone replacement therapy (HRT) 403 hot swollen joints 446 \200\2237 housema id \200\231s knee 458 Hughes \200\231 syndrome 274 human immunode \201 ciency virus (HIV) 15, capsule 136 injections 108 \200\2239 osteoarthritis 143 glomerulonephritis 74 \200\2236 glucocorticoid crystals 42 glucocorticoid-induced osteoporo sis avascular necrosis 168 \200\2239 femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) 169 \200\22370 FEV1 58, 59 FEV1/FVC 58, 59 \201 bre op tic bronchoscopy 59 (GIO) 408 \200\22310 glycogen storage disorders (glycogenoses) 522 \200\2233 gnathosostomiasis 477 gold 84, 546 \200\2238 golfer \200\231s elbow, see medial epicondylit is gonococcal arthritis 14, 452 \200\2233 gout 14, 15, 384 \200\2237 with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 60 \201 brogenesis imperfecta ossium (FIO) 432 \201 b romyalgia 21 \201 bromyalgia syndrome (FMS) 484 \200\2236 \201 broplastic rheumatism 10 0 \201 brous dysplasia (FD) 432 \201 bular tunnel syndrome 189 \201 rst metatarsal ph alangeal joint injections 114 \201 tness to \202 y 61 \202 at foot 185 \202 exor ca rpi radialis 147, 154 \202 exor carpi ulnaris 147, 154 \202 exor digiti minimi brevis 1 54 \202 exor digitorum profundus 154 \202 exor digitorum super \201 cialis 147, 154 \202 exor pollicis brevis 154 \202 exor pollicis longus 154 \202 exural psoriasis 101 \202 ow-volume loop 59 \202 uorescein angiography 51 follicular bronchiolitis 55, 56, 62 foot 469 \200\22370 human parvovirus B19 468 human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 469 hydatid disease 477 hydroco rtisone injections 107 hydroxyapatite crystals 42, 392 hydroxychloroquine 84, 544 \200\2235 allopurinol 386, 387 heart disease 66 radiographs 16 tophi 16, 384, 385 Gower \200\231s sign 10 gracile tracts 121 gram negative septic arthritis 448 gram positive septic arthritis 448 granulomas, foreign bodies 194 granulomatous dermatitis 98 groin eye screening 52 \200\2233 hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D with periodic fever syndrome (HIDS) 101, 502, 504 hypermobile joints 442 \200\2233 hyperostosis endosteal (EH) 434 hereditary multiple (HME) 435 anatomy 164 \200\2236 regional musculoskeletal conditions 168 \200\22372 group A streptococ cal necrotising myositis 461 growing pains 7 guinea worm 477 gut disease 82 \200\2239 gutta te psoriasis 101 Guyon \200\231s canal 161 hyperostosis corticalis generalisata 434 hyperparathyroidism 414 \200\22316 hypertrophic os teoarthropathy (HOA) 432 hyperuricaemia 384 hypophosphataemic vitamin D resistant anatomy 185 \200\2237 arches 185 club foot 185 \202 at foot 185 foreign body granulomas 1 94 injections 114 \200\22315 regional musculoskeletal conditions 188 \200\22395 ulcers 455 foot slap gait 9 forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) 58, 59 forced vital capacity (FVC) 5 8, 59 forearm fractures 397 foreign body granulomas 194 Forestier \200\231s disease 380 fra ctures rickets 424 H H re \202 ex 44 HAART 469, 470 haemochromatosis 66, 83, 89, 506 \200\2237 haemoglobinopa thies 508 \200\2239 haemolytic uraemic syndrome 278 hemophilia 510 \200\22311 hallux rigidu s 194 \200\2235 hand I ilioinguinal nerve entrapment 170 iliopsoas bursitis 168 tendonitis 171 iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) 179 ill patients, history taking 6 imipramine 481 immunizat ion 241 immunosuppressive drugs 531 \200\22375 inclusion body myositis 93, 95, 285, 302 \200\2234 infection 445 \200\22377 anatomy 152 \200\2236 injections 110 \200\22312 main causes of pain 158 osteoarthritis 158, 372, 374 regional musculoskeletal conditions 158 \200\22362 soft tissue injury 162 CT 30 \200\2231 osteomyelitis 454 post-menopausal osteoporosis 397, 399, 402 stress fractur es 188, 194 chest 63 nervous system 91 oligoarticular arthritis 15 widespread pain 19 headaches 90, 95 Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) 4 heart disease 66 \200\22372 heart valve disease 66, 67, 68, 70, 71 Heberden \200\231s nodes 374 HELLP 278 Henoch \200\223Sch nlein purpura (HSP) 74, 82, Freiberg \200\231s infarction 194 frozen shoulder 141 \200\2232 functional assessment 9 fun doscopy 50 fungal infection 476 \200\2237 funny turns 90 FVC 58, 59 infectious tenosynovitis 459 \200\22360 in \202 ammatory bowel disease (IBD) 48, 84, 230 i n \202 iximab 84, 568 \200\22375 infrapatellar bursa injections 113 infrapatellar bursitis 179 infraspinatus 138 inherited muscular dystrophies 285 injection therapy 105 \200\22316 intermetatarsal bursitis 194 interossei 154 interphalangeal joints 187 interpretative style s 5 \200\2236 intersection syndrome 159 interstitial lung disease (ILD) 55, 56, 62, 283 \200\2234 interventional procedures 342 \200\2233 HEp-2 cells 38 hepatic \201 brosis 82 hepatitis 83, 88 hepatitis A 83 hepat itis B 19, 83, 469 hepatitis C 83, 241, 469 hepatobiliary disease 82 \200\2239 hepatospleno magaly 83 hepcidin 506 hereditary multiple hyperostosis (HME) 435 hereditary periodic fever syndromes 101 hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets 424 heterotopic ossi \201 cation 435 hidebound chest 55, 61 high resolution CT (HRCT) 31, 58, 59, 60 G gait 9, 166 gallbladder 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88 GALS examination 9 \200\22310 pediatric 11 ganglia 27, 162 gas gangrene 460 \200\2231 gas transfer factor 59 gastric antr al vascular ectasia (GAVE) 83, 87 gastric emptying, delayed 83, 87 gastric masses 87 gastri c ulcers 83, 87 gastritis 83, 87 CT 31 ultrasound 27 \200\2238 intervertebral disks 119 discitis 126, 133, 454 \200\2235 herniation 124 \200\2235, 131 \200\2232 intestinal bypass surgery 83 intoeing 10 INDEX 580 mitral regurgitation 69 mixed connective tissue disease lipid liquid crystals 42 lipid metabolism disorders 523 lipoatrophic panniculitis 515 lipog ranulomatosis subcutanea 515 lipomas 27 Lisfranc joint 187 Lister \200\231s tubercle 152 li ver 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88 lobular panniculitis 515 local anesthetic injections 106, 107 lo calized scleroderma 99 \200\223100 L fgren \200\231s syndrome 512, 513, 514 loiasis 477 lo ng bone osteomyelitis 454 long head of biceps, tendon rupture 143 longus capitus 120 longus colli 120 low back pain 130 lower leg intussusception 83, 88 investigations 23 \200\22345 iridocyclitis 49 iritis 49 ischaemic ne crosis 168 \200\2239, 381, 433 ischaemic pain 19 ischiogluteal bursitis 168 Ixodes ricinus 466 (MCTD) 307, 309 mixed panniculitis 515 monosodium urate (MSU) crystals 42, 384 morphea 99 \200\223100 Morton \200\231s neuroma 194 motor conduction velocity (MCV) 44 mouth 82, 83, 8 5, 86, 87 mouth ulcers 16, 83 \200\2234, 87 movement J Jaccoud \200\231s arthropathy 244 joint \202 uid 16 joint space 25 joints active/passive 9 symmetrical 8 \200\2239 moya-moya 278 Muckle \200\223Wells syndrome (MWS) 101, 504 mucocutaneous lymph node syndrom e 344 mucosal telangectasiae 83, 88 mucosal ulceration 83, 87 mucous cyst 158 Mueller \200 \223Weiss syndrome 194 multiple musculoskeletal symptoms 3 mumps 469 muscle aspiration 16, 106 \200\2237 hot swollen 446 \200\2237 hypermobile 442 \200\2233 malalignme nt 25 jumper \200\231s knee 178 juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) 298 \200\223300 juvenile idi opathic arthritis (JIA) 351 \200\2237 anatomy 184 pain 188 regional musculoskeletal conditions 188 \200\2239 lucencies 25 Lulworth Cove erosions 16 lumbar spine 119, 122, 130 \200\2234 lumbricals 154 lung function tests 58, 59, 60 lung parenchyma 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 62 lupus erythematosus t umidus 98 lupus nephritis 244, 249, 251 eye problems 48, 52, 53 heart disease 66 oligoarticular (oligo-JIA) 352, 358 rheumatoid fac tor (RF) negative biopsy 22 infarction 494 myalgia 19 mycetoma 476 mycobacterial infection 472 \200\2234 mycophenolate mofetil 84, 556 \200\2237 myelopathy 11 \200\22312 myocardial disease 66 \200\2237, 68, 69, 70 myocarditis 70, 71 myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red \201 bres polyarticular 352, 359 rheumatoid factor (RF) positive polyarticular 352, 360 systemic onse t 352, 362 \200\2233 pregnancy 366 juvenile idiopathic in \202 ammatory myopathies lupus panniculitus 98 lupus pernio 100 lupus profundus 98, 514 \200\22315 Lyme disease 15, 19, 466 \200\2237 lymphadenopathy 57 lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) 56 lymphoma 5 7, 63, 257 \200\2238 (JIIMs) 298 juvenile psoriatic arthritis 352, 364 juvenile spondyloarthropathy 232 \200\2234 (MERRF) 524 myopathies 19 drug-induced 20, 292 \200\2233 gait pattern 9 neurophysiology 45 K Kawasaki disease 66, 82, 344 \200\2235 keratoconjunctivitis sicca 52, 257 kidney disease 74 \200\22381 Kienb cks disease 159 \200\22360 knee myophosphorylase de \201 ciency 522 myositis 61, 460 \200\2231 myositis ossi \201 cans 43 5 M maculopathy 49, 50 maduromycetoma 476 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 16, 34 \200\2235 m alabsorption 83, 87 \200\2238 malalignment 25 malignancy, investigations 22 manual muscle t esting (MMT) 288 Marfanoid habitus 438 \200\2239 Marfanoid hypermobility syndrome 438 Marfa n \200\231s syndrome 82, 438 \200\2239 McArdle \200\231s disease 522 McMurray \200\231s tes t 180 mechanical neck pain 124 medial collateral ligament 174, 180 \200\2231 alignment 175 anatomy 174 \200\2236 differential diagnosis of pain 180 injections 113 menis ci 175, 180 osteoarthritis 372 regional musculoskeletal conditions 178 \200\22383 symmetry of movement 8 N nails 20 psoriasis 101 \200\2232 navicular bone, accessory 194 neck, mechanical pain 124 needle electromyography (EMG) 44 \200\2235 Neisseria gonorrhoeae 452 \200\2233 neonatal cutaneous lupus 98 neonatal lupus 66 , 67, 98 neonatal onset multi-system in \202 ammatory disease (NOMID)/chronic infantile ne urological cutaneous and articular syndrome (CINCA) 504 nephritic syndromes 74 \200\2236, 2 44 nephrogenic \201 brosing dermopathy 100 nephrotic syndromes 76 \200\2238, 244 nerve co nduction studies 44, 92 nerve entrapment 150 \200\2231, 160 \200\2231, 170 \200\2231, Kussmaul \200\231s sign 68 kyphoplasty 402 kyphosis 62 L L-tryptophan 520 laboratory investigations 17, 22 labral tears 169 Lachman \200\231s test 181 language barrier 6 large intestine 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88 large plaque psoriasis 101 l aryngeal destruction 62 lateral collateral ligament 174, 180 \200\2231 lateral epicondyliti s 110, 148 \200\2239 lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injections 113 medial epicondylitis 110, 149 median nerve 155 entrapment 150 \200\2231, 160 \200\2231 megacolon 83, 88 megaesophagus 82, 87 MELAS 524 melorheostosis 434 \200\2235 meningitis, ba cterial 95 menisci 175, 180 meralgia paraesthetica 170 MERRF 524 mesenteric arterial ruptur e 83 mesenteric ischaemia 88 metabolic myopathies 285, 524 \200\2235 metacarpophalangeal jo int (MCPJ) 152 metatarsal stress fracture 194 metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJ) 187 189, 191 nerve roots 120, 121 nervous system 20, 90 \200\2237 neuroborreliosis 466, 467 neurogenic p ain 12 neurological examination 11 \200\22312 neurological symptoms 20 neuropathic arthropa thy 380 \200\2231 neuropathic CPPD disease 388 neuropathic pain 90 \200\2231, 96 neurophysi ology 44 \200\2235 neurorehabilitation 96 neutrophilic dermatoses 101 non-septic bursitis 4 58 non-speci \201 c interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) 56 non-steroidal anti-in \202 ammatory drugs entrapment 170 lateral pre-malleolar bursitis 191 latissimus dorsi 137, 138 \200\230Ledderhose \200\231 d isease 194 le \202 unomide 84, 540 \200\2233 Legg \200\223Calv \200\223Perthes disease ( LCPD) 433 leprosy 473 \200\2234 levator scapulae 138 Libman \200\223Sacks endocarditis 67, 276 lidocaine synovitis 194 methotrexate 84, 532 \200\2236 methylprednisolone injections 107 microscopic polyangiitis ( MPA) 93, 328 \200\2239, 330 \200\2231 midtarsal joint injections 114 Milwaukee shoulder 392 mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic (NSAIDs) 84, 87, 480 \200\2231 injections 107 patches 481 normality 8 nuclear medicine 36 \200\2237 nutrition limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis 264, 271 limited systemic sclerosis 264 limping 9 line ar morphea 99 acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) 524 osteomalacia and rickets 422, 423 post-menopausal osteoporosis 397 \200\2238 mitochondrial myopathies 522 \200\2233 INDEX 581 O obliterative bronchiolitis 55, 56, 62 observation 9 obstruction 83 ochronosis 516 Ockelbo virus 468 octacalcium phosphate crystals 392 ocular coherence tomography (OCT) 51 oedema 2 1 oesophageal candidiasis 82, 87 oesophageal dysmotility 82, 87 oesophageal perforation 82 oesophageal varices 82, 87 esophagus 82, 84, 85, 86, 87 estrogen, post-menopausal osteoporo sis 398 olecranon bursa injections 110 olecranon bursitis 149 olecranon impingement syndrom e 150 oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis polymyalgia rheumatica 320 \200\2231 polymyositis (PM) 282 \200\2239, 291 chest disease 54, 283 \200\2234 eye problems 48 gastrointestinal disease 82 heart disease 66 HIV 470 nervous system 93, 95 hand 158 hip 168 history taking 2 ischaemic 19 ladder 481 low back 130 lower leg 188 neck 1 24 neurogenic 12 neuropathic 90 \200\2231, 96 oligoarticular 14 \200\22317 referred 2, 9 sh oulder 140 treatment 480 \200\2232 widespread 18 \200\22322 wrist 158 Pompe \200\231s disease 523 Poncet \200\231s disease 472 popliteal cyst 181 \200\2232, 188 porphyria cutanea tarda 100 portal hypertension 82 portal vein thrombosis 82 positron emiss ion tomography (PET) 37 post-injection \202 are 106 post-Lyme syndrome 467 post-menopausa l osteoporosis 396 \200\223405 post-steroid panniculitis 515 post-streptococcal arthritis 1 9, 226 posterior cruciate ligament 174 \200\2235, 181 posterior interosseous nerve 147 post erior tibial tendon dysfunction 191 posterior uveitis 49, 51 posture 9 Pott \200\231s disea se of spine 472 pregnancy 365 \200\2239 painful articular syndrome 470 palindromic rheumatism 199 palmaris longus 147, 154 palmopla ntar pustulosis 102 pANCA 41 pancreas 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88 pancreatic arthritis syndrome 83 pancreatic panniculitis 514 pancreatitis 83, 84 \200\2235, 88 panniculitis 472, 514 \200 \22315 panuveitis 49 papular mucinosis 99 papular sarcoid 101 paracetamol 480 \200\2231 par acoccidioidomycosis 476 parasites 461, 476 Parkinson \200\231s disease 11 parvovirus B19 19 , 468 passive movement 9 patellar tendinosis 178 patellofemoral instability 178 patellofemo ral joint 174 patterns (oligo-JIA) 352, 358 oligoarticular pains 14 \200\22317 onchocerciasis 477 oncogenic hypoph osphataemic osteomalacia 425 open fracture osteomyelitis 454 opioids 481 optic disc 50 optic neuropathy 48 oral \201 s sures 87 oral ulcers 16, 83 \200\2234, 87 organizing pneumonia (OP) 56 os trigonum 187 Osgo od \200\223Schlatter \200\231s syndrome (OSS) 180 osteitis \201 brosa (OF) 415 osteitis p ubis 170 osteoarthritis 14, 372 \200\2238 antiphospholipid syndrome 274, 276, 279, 367 Beh et \200\231s disease 368 Churg \200\223Strauss syndrome 368 drug treatment during 368 \200\2239 rheumatoid arthritis 366 Sj gren \200\231s syndrome 367 spondyloarthropathy 367 systemic lupus erythematosus 67, 250, 366 \200\2237 systemic sclerosis 367 Takayasu arterit is 3770 vasculitides 367 \200\2238 Wegener \200\231s granulomatosis 368 elbow 149 \200\22350 erosive 375, 376 hand 158, 372, 374 hip 372 knee 372 shoulder 142 \200 \2233 of disease 14 \200\22317 of symptoms 3, 6 \200\2237 pectoralis major 137, 138 pectoralis mi nor 138 pectus excavatum 55, 62 pelvis Preisser \200\231s disease 160 prepatellar bursitis 178 \200\2239 primary angiitis of the C NS (PACNS) 93 primary biliary cirrhosis 83, 84, 88 primary central nervous system vasculiti s osteoarthritis-related disorders 380 \200\2231 osteochondral lesion of talus (OLT) 191 oste ochondritis 433 osteochondritis dissecans 150, 191 osteochondroma 529 osteochondroses 433 o steodystrophia deformans 418 \200\22320 osteodystrophy 488 osteogenesis imperfecta 428 \200 \22330 osteoid osteoma 528 osteoma 528 osteomalacia 422 \200\2235 osteomyelitis 454 \200 \2236, 472 osteonecrosis 168 \200\2239, 381, 433 osteopaenia 24 osteopetrosis 434 osteophyt es 25 osteoporosis (PCNSV) 336 \200\2237 anatomy 164 \200\2236 regional musculoskeletal conditions 168 \200\22372 primary hyperparathyroidism 414 \200\22316 procaine injections 107 progressive diaphyseal d ysplasia (PDD) 434 progressive external ophthalmoplegia penicillamine 550 \200\2231 penicilliosis 476 PEO 524 perforation 83 pericardial disease 66 , 67, 68, 69, 70 perimetry 92 perineal ulcers 88 periosteal reaction 25 periostitis 189 per ipheral limb pain 12 peripheral ulcerative keratitis 49 peroneal tendon injections 114 pero neal tendonitis 191 pharynx 82, 83 phosphofructokinase de \201 ciency 522 \200\2233 piano key sign 199 pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) 527 pinna in \202 ammation 16 plain r adiographs 24 \200\2235 plantar fascia 187 plantar fasciitis (PF) 115, 192 \200\2233 planta r \201 bromatosis 194 plantar plate disruption 194 plaque morphea 99 pleura 54, 55 \200 \2236, 57 \200\2238, 61 pleural aspirate 58 pleural effusions 55 \200\2236, 61 pleuritis 55 \200\2236 plicae 179 pneumonia 55, 56 pneumonitis, drug-induced 56, 62 podagra 384 POEMS s yndrome 100 Pogosta virus 468 polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) 48, 66, 82, 93, (PEO) 524 pronator teres 147 pronator teres syndrome 150 \200\2231 prosthetic joint infecti on 450 protozoa 477 proximal interphalageal joint (PIPJ) 152 pseudogout 388, 389 pseudo-obs truction 83, 88 pseudo-osteoarthritis 388 pseudovitamin D de \201 ciency rickets 424 psoas abscess 460 psoas muscles 120 psoriasis vulgaris 101 \200\2233 psoriatic arthritis 220 \200\2235 children 412 \200\22313 glucocorticoid-induced (GIO) 408 \200\22310 men 406 \200\2237 post- menopausal 396 \200\223405 eye problems 48 HIV 470 juvenile 352, 364 osteosarcoma 528 \200\2239 out toeing 10 overlap syndromes 291, 308, 309 oxidation enzyme d efects 523 psoriatic onycho pachydermo periostitis (POPP) 195 psychiatric problems 96 psychological therapies 96, 482 psychosocial history 20 pulmonary a rterial aneurysm 63 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) 55, 57, P pachydermal periostitis 432 pediatrics, see children Paget \200\231s disease of the bone 418 \200\22320 pain 63, 66, 69 pulmonary embolism 63 pulmonary hemorrhage 56, 62 \200\2233 pulmonary vasculature and lymph atics 54, 55, anterior knee 180 bone 2, 19 children 2, 6 \200\2237 chronic 479 \200\22390 descriptors 2 e lbow 148 facial 90, 95 57, 58, 60, 63 pulse oximetry 61 pulsus alternans 68 pulsus paradoxus 68 \200\230pump bump s \200\231 192 332 \200\2233 INDEX 582 SLAC 158 sleep studies 61 slit lamp examination 51 small bowel ischaemia/infarction 83 smal l intestine 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87 \200\2238 SNAC 158 Sneddon \200\231s syndrome 276, 278 s niff test 58 social history 15 sodium aurothimalate 546 \200\2238 soft tissue infection 458 \200\22361 soft tissue swelling Ross River virus 468 rotator cuff 137 disease 140 \200\2231 injections 109 purine metabolism disorders 523 pus removal 449 pycnodysostosis 434 pyoderma gangrenosum 10 1 pyomyositis 460 \200\2231 Rothmann \200\223Makai syndrome 515 Rowell syndrome 98 RS3PE syndrome 21 rubella 19, 469 Q Q angle 175 quantitative ultrasound 400 \200\2231 questionnaires 4 S sacral epidural 115 sacroiliac joint 122 sacroiliac pain 133 SAPHO 16, 236 \200\2237 sarc oidosis 16, 512 \200\22313 eye problems 48, 49 heart disease 66 lung sarcoid 54, 56 \200 \2237, 62 nervous system 93, 95 skin disease 100 \200\2231 scalene muscles 120 scalp psoria sis 101 scaphoid non-union and advanced collapse hand and wrist 162 plain radiographs 24 ultrasound 27 R racial background 18 radial nerve compression 161 radial tunnel syndrome 150 radiculopath y 45 radiocarpal joint 152 radiographs 16, 24 \200\2235 spinal accessory nerve injury 144 spinal cerebellar tracts 121 spinal cord 120 \200\2232 sp inal stenosis 132 \200\2233 spinal tracts 120 \200\2231 spine 118 \200\22334 chest 58, 60 anatomy 118 \200\22322 cervical 119, 122, 124 \200\2237 lumbar 119, 122, 130 \200\2234 MRI 34, 35 osteotomy 218 rheumatoid arthritis 125 \200\2236 thoracic 119, 122, 128 \200\2239 se e also intervertebral disks radionuclide imaging 36 \200\2237 rashes 16, 20 \200\2231 Raynaud \200\231s phenomenon (RP) 99, 246, 266, (SNAC) 158 267, 271 scapho-lunate advanced collapse (SLAC) 158 scapular 136 scar sarcoid 101 Schirmer \200\231s test 51, 257 schistosomiasis 477 Schnitzler syndrome 497 Schueurmann \200\231s disease 128 Schulman syndrome 310 scleritis 48, 49, 52 scleroderma, localized 99 \200\223100 scleroder mal renal crisis 267 sclerodermatomyositis 308 scleromyositis 308 scleromyxoedma 99 scleros ing bone disorders 434 \200\2235 sclerosis 25 sclerosteosis 434 scoliosis 55, 62, 133 \200 \2234 seborrhoeic psoriasis 101 secondary gain 5 secondary metabolic myopathy 522 selective estrogen receptor modulators reactive arthritis 15, 48, 66, 226 \200\2239, 472 recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) 404 rectus abdominis injury 171 rectus femoris injury 171 referred pain 2, 9 re \202 ex sympat hetic dystrophy (RSD) 488 Reiter \200\231s syndrome 82, 226 relapsing polychondritis (RP) 4 8, 54, 66, 93, 95, spirometry 58, 59, 60 spondyloarthropathies (SpA) 14, 15, 209 \200\22337 disease spectrum 210 \200\22313 enteropathic 230 \200\2231 juvenile 232 \200\2234 pregnancy 367 346 \200\2237 relaxation 481 renal bone disease (osteodystrophy) 426 \200\2237 renal diseas e 74 \200\22381 renal failure, acute 79 \200\22380 renal tubular acidosis 258 reporting sty les 5 residual volume 59 respiratory muscle function tests 58 respiratory symptoms 20 restl ess legs syndrome 96 reticent patients 5 retina 48 retinaculae 184 \200\2235 retinal vascul itis 49, 52 retinitis 49 retinovascular disease 49, 50 \200\2231, 52 retrocalcaneal bursiti s 192 rheumatic fever 19, 66, 67, 462 \200\2233 rheumatoid arthritis (disease) 14, 197 \200 \223208 spondylolisthesis 131 spondylolysis 131 spondylosis 372 lumbar 130 \200\2231 thoracic 128 sporotrichosis 476 sputum analysis 59 St Vitus \200\231 dance 462 Staphylococcus aureus 448 sternoclavicular joint 136 injections 109 osteoarthritis 142 \200\2233 (SERMs) 403 steroid sensory action potentials (SAP) 44 septal panniculitis 514 septic arthritis 14, 15, 16, 448 \200\22351 septic bursitis 149, 458 \200\2239 septic joints 446 \200\2237 serial peak expi ratory \202 ow rate (PEFR) 59 serology 38 \200\22341 serratus anterior 138 sesamoiditis 1 94 sexual history 20 shoulder injections 106, 107 post-steroid panniculitis 515 stiff skin syndrome 100 stiffness examination 11 \200\22312 history taking 2 chest disease 54, 62, 200 eye problems 48, 200 gastrointestinal disease 82 heart disease 66 , 67, 71, 200 human parvovirus B19 468 nervous system 92, 93, 95, 200 osteomyelitis 455 pre gnancy 366 rheumatoid nodules 56, 98, 199 shoulder 143 skin disease 98 spine 125 \200\2236 treatment 203 \200\2235 Still \200\231s disease, adult onset (AOSD) 66, 496 \200\2237 stoma, defunctioning 88 stomach 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87 stress fractures 188, 194 stroke 95 strongyloides 477 strontium ranelate (SR) 404 student \200\231s elbow 149 subacromial bursa 139 subacromial space injections 109 subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus anatomy 136 \200\2239 differential diagnosis of pain 140 frozen 141 \200\2232 instability 1 42 Milwaukee 392 nerve disorders 143 \200\2234 osteoarthritis 142 \200\2233 rheumatoid 143 symmetry of movement 8 shoulder girdle 138, 140 \200\2234 (SACLE) 98, 244 subaxial subluxation 125 subclavius 138 subcutaneous calcaneal bursitis 192 subscapularis 138 subtalar joint injections 114 sulfasalazine 84, 538 \200\2239 supinator 147 suppurative tenosynovitis 459 \200\22360 suprascapular nerve rheumatoid cutaneous vasculitis 98 rheumatoid factor 21, 40 rheumatoid factor (RF) negative polyarticular injections 108 \200\2239 \200\230shrinking lung \200\231 syndrome 55, 61 sickle cell disease 508 \200\2239 sinus ta chycardia 71 sinus tarsi syndrome 191 Sj gren \200\231s syndrome (SS) 254 \200\22362 juvenile idiopathic arthritis 352, 359 rheumatoid factor (RF) positive polyarticular juveni le idiopathic arthritis 352, 360 rheumatoid nodules 56, 98, 199 rheumatology questionnaire tools 4 rhomboid minor/major 138 rhupus 308 rickets 422 \200\2235 right heart catheterization 60, 61 rituximab 84, 568 \200 \22375 rocker bottom foot 494 Rodnan skin score 271 Roos maneuver 161 chest disease 54 eye problems 48, 257 gastrointestinal disease 82 heart disease 66 nervous system 93, 95 pregnancy 367 skin disease 100, 257 skin 16, 20 \200\2231, 85, 98 \200\223103 block 116 injury 144 supraspinatus 138 Sweet \200\231s syndrome 101 Sydenham \200\231s chorea 462 symmetry 8 \200\2239 INDEX 583 thoracic outlet syndrome 161 \200\2232 thoracic spine 119, 122, 128 \200\2239 thromboangiit is obliterans (TAO) 348 \200\2239 thromboembolic disease 57 thumb carpometacarpal joint 152 vasculitis 313 \200\22349 chest disease 54 classi \201 cation 314, 315 clinical features 3 14 \200\22315 cutaneous 100 HIV 470 liver 84 pregnancy 367 \200\2238 primary central nervou s system symptoms emphasis 5 multiple 3 non \200\223musculoskeletal 4 \200\2235 patterns 3, 6 \200\2237 synov ial biopsy 17 synovial chondromatosis 16 synovial \202 uid analysis 42 \200\2233 synovial osteochondromatosis 526 synovial plica syndrome 179 synovitis 14 MTPJ 194 ultrasound 26 vi llonodular 527 injections 111 tibia periostitis 189 stress fracture 188 tibiofemoral joint 174 tibio \201 bular joints 184 Tin nel \200\231s test 12 TNF-receptor-associated periodic syndrome (PCNSV) 336 \200\2237 retinal 49, 52 rheumatoid cutaneous 98 small intestine 83, 88 (TRAPS) 101, 503, 504 ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan 36 \200\2237, 60 verbose patients 5 vertebra 118 \200\2231 9 tocilizumab 568 \200\22375 tonometry 51 tophi 16, 384, 385 topical rubs 481 torticollis 126 \200\2237 total lung capacity 58, 59 toxic myopathies 292 \200\2233 toxic oil syndrome 520 \200\2231 Toxoplasma gondii 19 tracheomalacia 55, 62 transbronchial biopsy 60 transcutaneo us electrical nerve stimulation systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 240 \200\22352 chest disease 54, 61, 62, 245 drug-related 20, 241, 248 \200\2239 eye problems 48, 49 gastr ointestinal disease 82, 245 heart disease 66, 67, 71, 244, 245, 250, 251 kidney disease 74, 244, 249, 251 nervous system 92, 93, 95, 244 \200\2235, 249 pregnancy 67, 250, 366 \200 \2237 fractures 397, 399 osteomyelitis 454 \200\2235 vertebroplasty 402 villonodular synovitis 527 viral arthritis 468 \200\22371 viral myocardi tis 71 viral myositis 460 visual perimetry 92 vitamin D 398, 422, 423 systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis 352, 362 \200\2233 systemic sclerosis (SSc) 264 \200\22372 (TENS) 481 chest disease 54, 57, 61, 62, 267 eye problems 48 astrointestinal disease 82, 266 \200\2237 heart disease 66, 67, 267 nervous system 93, 95 pregnancy 367 sclerodermal renal crisis 26 7 sine scleroderma 264 skin disease 99 \200\223100, 266 W Wadsworth test 161 walking 166 Weber \200\223Christian disease 514 Wegener \200\231s gran ulomatosis (WG) 324 \200\2235 trapezius 138 TRAPS 101, 503, 504 traumatic bursitis 149 Trendelenberg gait 9 triamcinolone injections 107 triangular \201 brocartilage (TFCC) 152 tricalcium phosphate crystals 392 triceps 146 tendinitis 149 trichinosis 461, 477 trigger \201 nger 112, 159 trochanteric bursitis 112, 168 tryptophan 520 tuberculosis 472 \200\2233 tubulointerstitial nephritis (T IN) 78 \200\2239 tumors eye problems 48 gastrointestinal disease 82 heart disease 66 nervous system 93, 94 pregnanc y 368 treatment 330 \200\2231 T T-spot assay 58 \200\2239 Taenia solium 461 Takayasu arteritis 66, 93, 95, 322 \200\2233, 368 talus, osteochondral lesion 191 tarsal tunnel syndrome 191 Tarui \200\231s disease 522 \200\2233 technetium scan 36 \200\2237 temporal artery biopsy 318 temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis 87 tendinitis whiplash 125 Whipple \200\231s disease 82, 83, 84 WHO pain ladder 481 widespread pain 18 \200\22322 Wilson \200\231s disease 83, 89 WOMAC 4 wrist bone 528 \200\2239 cervical spine 126 osteomalacia induction 425 anatomy 152 \200\2236 fractures 397 ganglion 162 injections 110 \200\22312 main causes of p ain 158 regional musculoskeletal conditions 158 \200\22362 soft tissue lesions 162 Wucherer ia bancrofti 476 U ulcerative colitis 83 ulnar nerve 147, 155 \200\2236 compression 161 ultrasound 16, 26 \200\2238 undifferentiated arthritis 352 undifferentiated (autoimmune) connective bicipital 143, 149 pelvis 171 peroneal 191 rotator cuff 141 triceps 149 tendon tears 26 ten nis elbow, see lateral epicondylitis tenosynovitis X X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) 424 xerostomia 85, 87, 257 tissue disease (UAICTD/UCTD) 306, 309 hand and wrist 158 \200\2239 infectious/suppurative 459 \200\22360 ultrasound 26 \200\2237 urogenital reactive arthritis 226 usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) 56 uveitis 15, 48, 49, 51 TENS 481 teres major/minor 138 tetrahydrocannabinol 481 Thessaly test 180 thiopurine methyl transferase (TPMT) V valvular disease 66, 67, 68, 70, 71 Van Buchem disease 434 vascular malformations 27 genotype 248 This page intentionally left blank Plate 1 The \201 ve functional \200\230joints \200\231 of the shoulder. Involved in arm elevation: depression, giide, rotation and elevation at glenohumeral joint (A); rotation of clavicle with rotational shear at sternoclavicular (B) and acromioclavicular (C) joints, t ranslation of humeral head under coraco-acromial arch (D) and rotation of scapula (E) on th oracic wall. (a) (b) Plate 2 McMurray \200\231s test. Rotation of lower leg while \202 exing at the knee. The test aims to elicit an audible and/or palpable clunk as the damaged meniscus edge obstructs free femoral condylar rotation and \202 exion on the tibial plateau. Plate 3 Anterior draw test. Having \202 exed the patient \200\231s knee and immobilized t he foot, the examiner draws the tibia forward in the plane of upper leg. Excessive anterior translation of the lower leg can denote anterior cruciate de \201 ciency (important to co mpare with opposite leg). Plate 4 Aggressive left achilles \200\231 tendon enthesitis in ankylosing spondylitis (left ). Plate 5 Digital vasospasm in a patient with Raynaud \200\231s Phenomenon (RP). Plate 8 Heliotrope rash in a patient with dermatomyositis. Plate 9 Nailfold capi \202 aroscopy in systemic sclerosis. There is variable size of capil lary loops; the larger ones (patent and dilated).compensating for ischaemia from narrowed o nes. Plate 6 Metacarpophaiangeal joint synovitis in SLE. Plate 7 Gottron \200\231s papules in dermatomyositis. Plate 13 Calcinosis of the skin in systemic sclerosis (note also \201 nger pulp loss). Plate 10 Keratoderma blenorrhagicum in acute reactive arthritis. Macroscopically and histol ogically some investigators maintain the rash is very similar to psoriasis. Plate 14 Vasomotorand skin changes in early chronic regional pain syndrome (R hand). Plate 11 Telangiectasias in systemic sclerosis. (a) (b)