hypocalcaemia 456 hypokalaemia 386 hypomagnesaemia 386 , 456 hyponatraemia 386 hypophosphat aemia 456 hypoproteinaemia 733 hypotension K Kartagener \200\231s syndrome 702 Kawasaki disease 630 , 702 Kearns \200\223Sayre syndrom e line placement 796 , 798 703 intra-aortic balloon pumps Kerley B lines 380 Keshan disease 667 kidney disease see renal 822 , 826 aortic dissection 766 , 771 drug-induced 100 , 104 , 133 , 391 , 395 , 399 intracardiac electrograms (ICegrams) 553 , 548 \200\2239 disease post-MI 286 , 288 pulmonary Kussmaul \200\231s sign 778 intravascular elastography embolism 749 346 intravascular L labetalol 282 , 760 \200\2231 , 772 lacidipine 115 laropiprant 129 \200\22330 LDL (low de nsity lipoprotein) in pulmonary oedema 730 in thrombolysis 265 ultrasonography (IVUS) 330 , 346 hypothyroidism 470 in angioplasty 334 , 351 IONA trial 136 irbesartan 104 iron I ICegrams (intracardiac drugs affecting 119 , de \201 ciency with electrograms) 548 \200\2239 , 553 121 , 127 polycythaemia 606 in dyslipidaemias 232 \200\2233 iron-overload immune complex LEADERS trial 833 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy 703 left atrial appendage occlusion 506 cardiomyopathy 73 deposition 188 implantable cardiac de \201 brillators see automatic implantable cardiac de \201 brillators ischaemia assessment of myocardial viability 57 , 60 , 74 , 296 peripheral, after left atrium implantable loop ECHO 18 , 24 mitral valve disease angiography 324 ischaemic cardiomyopathy recorders 67 , 513 , 515 infections 656 150 , 158 left bundle branch anatomy 478 446 after pacemaker insertion 534 in congenital heart ISIS-2 trial 84 isoprenaline 480 isosorbide mononitrate/ left bundle branch block disease 607 , 614 myocarditis 453 \200\2235 , 484 isosorbide dinitrate 132 , 252 , 401 ivabradine 138 left coronary artery 657 , 660 angiography 319 \200\22320 needlestick injuries 828 INDEX 845 angioplasty 354 , 356 SYNTAX score 355 lipid levels Marfan syndrome 636 , CAD risk 232 normal ranges 118 , 232 683 , 704 left heart failure 370 left parasternal window (in ECHO) 17 left ventricle assist devices 4 06 left ventricle (LV) angiography 319 assessment of myocardial viability 57 , 60 , 74 , 29 6 Medina classi \201 cation lipid-lowering (bifurcation lesions) 353 meningococcal myocarditis therapies 118 , 127 bile acid sequestrants 454 128 , 237 MERLIN-TIMI-36 trial 140 metabolic abnormalities in HIV-positive patients 659 ezetimibe 127 , 237 \201 brates 126 , 236 \201 sh oils 237 indications for use metabolic cardiomyopathy cardiac output 328 CMR 70 , 74 diastolic function 24 , 26 ECHO 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 119 , 238 438 , 447 interactions 123 , 127 , 129 nicotinic acid 129 , 237 statins see statins metabolic syndrome 244 , 248 metoprolol 112 , 395 MI see myocardial infarction 26 , 51 lisinopril 99 , 390 liver function tests hypertrophy see hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 123 I-MIBG imaging 58 microscopic polyangiitis 632 minoxidil 761 MIST trial 834 mitral regu rgitation 158 125 , 192 Loef \202 er endocarditis 667 , MIBG imaging 58 non-compaction 670 , 703 long QT syndrome (LQTS) 518 , 520 , 522 , 702 , 706 congenital 518 , 520 , 522 loop diureti cs 386 , 388 , 422 loop recorders 67 , 513 , 515 losartan 104 , 229 , 392 loss of conscious ness cardiomyopathy 70 , 444 acute 280 , 736 chronic 42 , 158 classi \201 cation 158 \200\2239 after infective endocard itis perfusion scintigraphy 57 PET 60 radionuclide ventriculography 58 208 (syncope) 324 , 514 , 517 arrhythmia 514 , 615 , 706 investigations 38 , 42 , 46 , 76 , 159 , 329 , 736 management 161 , 280 , systolic function 22 left ventricular out \202 ow tract (LVOT) obstruction low density lipoprotein (LDL) 406 , 736 assessment 69 , 426 congenital 611 in hypertrophic drugs affecting 119 , in pregnancy 685 , 687 121 , 127 mitral stenosis 150 classi \201 cation 153 after infective endocarditis in dyslipidaemias 232 \200\2233 cardiomyopathy 425 , 430 low molecular weight heparin 834 208 Lenegre \200\223Lev disease 703 leptospirosis 454 less-developed countries DVT 740 NSTEMI/UA 299 \200\223300 in pregnancy 689 pulmonary embolism 748 STEMI post-thromb olysis investigations 11 , 43 , 152 , 329 management 153 , 156 \200\2237 , cardiovascular disease 654 de \201 ciency diseases 664 , 364 667 in pregnancy 684 \200\2236 infectious diseases 660 , mitral valve 270 662 , 656 \200\2238 anatomy 144 antiphospholipid see also heparin restrictive cardiomyopathy Lown \200\223Ganong \200\223Levine syndrome 703 670 , 667 \200\2238 syndrome 624 cardiomyopathy 446 Doppler tetanus 666 Lutembacher \200\231s syndrome levosimendan 402 Libman \200\223Sacks syndrome 704 measurements 16 ECHO 11 , 24 , 26 , 39 infective endocarditis LV see left ventricle Lyme disease 454 704 lidocaine 722 lifestyle 203 , 208 M magnesium that increases CAD risk prosthetic 46 , 154 rheumatic fever 146 SLE 622 221 \200\2232 , 224 \200\2235 management of angina hypomagnesaemia 252 mitral valve prolapse 386 , 456 management of 162 , 698 therapeutic 270 , 722 dyslipidaemia 118 , 238 investigations 11 , 162 , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) see cardiac MRI (CMR) 40 \200\2231 management of heart management 41 , 162 mixed connective tissue failure 382 management of Mahaim pathways 579 malignant hypertension 226 , disease 627 hypertension 228 M-mode limb girdle muscular dystrophy 450 754 , 762 echocardiography 10 malnutrition 448 , 664 846 INDEX Mobitz type I/II AV block neonates Ortner \200\231s syndrome 706 oxygen saturation 596 oxygen therapy 262 285 , 483 arrhythmias 528 lupus 625 Morquio \200\231s syndrome 704 Morrow procedure 430 MRSA (meticillin-resistant S. neoplastic disease see tumors P pacemakers (permanent) aureus ) 194 neuromuscular disorders murmurs see auscultation muscular dystrophies 450 , 448 nicorandil 136 nicotinic acid (niacin) 127 , 530 700 \200\2231 in atrial \201 brillation 505 biventricular 405 , 423 , Mustard/Senning operations 129 , 237 600 nifedipine 115 , 761 Niobe navigation system 556 nitrates 132 832 mycoplasmal myocarditis complications 534 , 708 follow-up 536 in heart failure 404 , 538 in hypertrophic 454 myocardial granuloma 620 myocardial infarction (MI) cocaine-induced 282 complications 276 , 278 , 280 \200\2231 , 472 , 700 post-MI arrhythmias aortic dissection 772 CAD 252 , 262 , 298 heart failure 401 hypertensive emergencies cardiomyopathy 431 implantation procedures 760 530 , 538 nitroprusside 760 , 772 Noonan \200\231s syndrome 706 noradrenaline indications 431 , 505 , 284 \200\2235 532 , 539 post-MI heart failure 102 , international codes 530 modality 533 safety issues 66 , 536 , 821 pacemaker syndrome 534 pa cing, temporary 106 (norepinephrine) 402 NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) post-MI hypotension/ shock 286 , 288 secondary prevention 84 , 90 , 98 , 110 , 120 , 236 see also NSTEMI; STEMI de \201 nition 254 , 290 diagnosis 292 discharge 301 management 91 , 254 , 290 , atrial 810 atrioventricular 807 , 811 in bradycardia 481 , 806 \200\2237 complications 812 in EP studies 548 , 552 indications 806 using AICDs 586 using an external myocardial perfusion scintigraphy 54 , 56 , 296 298 , 301 in pregnancy 690 presentation 290 risk strati \201 cation 294 , 296 myocarditis 452 bacterial 453 \200\2234 , 657 Chagas \200\231 disease 455 , 660 CMR 72 fungal 455 in HIV-po sitive patients nuclear medicine 52 de \201 brillator 481 123 I-MIBG imaging 58 perfusion scintigraphy 54 , ventricular 808 453 , 658 paclitaxel, in drug-eluting stents 336 , 833 , 835 non-infectious causes 56 , 296 PET 60 \200\2231 radionuclide 456 , 667 pediatrics in rheumatoid arthritis 620 in SLE 622 viral 453 arrhythmias 528 congenital heart disease 590 de \201 ciency diseases ventriculography 58 see also cardiac MRI; myoglobin 292 myotonic dystrophy 450 myxoedema 470 myxoma 44 , 699 computed tomography nutritional cardiomyopathy 664 , 667 448 , 664 neonatal lupus 625 NYHA classi \201 cation (heart Paget \200\231s disease of bone 416 pain relief see analgesia palliative care failure) 374 Nyquist limit 14 N nasopharyngeal airway insertion 714 National Institute for AICDs and 588 in heart failure 414 O OASIS 5 trial 834 obesity, CAD risk 224 oedema 115 , 370 palpitations 512 pancarditis 146 parallel wire angioplasty technique 351 PARTNER trial 834 patent ductus Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines see also pulmonary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa oedema arteriosus 322 , 605 patent foramen ovale inhibitors (in PCI) 359 omega-3 fatty acids 237 ONTARGET trial 102 , 392 opioids investigation of recent onset chest pain 4 34 , 834 lipid levels 119 prasugrel 95 stents 337 NSTEMI/UA 298 pulmonary embolism 748 STEMI 262 patient education on living with heart failure 382 , 391 , 396 , 399 patient prosthesis mis match 185 nebivolol 112 , 395 needlestick injuries 828 optical coherence tomography 346 INDEX 847 PCI see percutaneous pregnancy autoimmune 473 , 620 , 622 calci \201 c 465 after cardiac surgery 472 constrictive 78 , 46 4 , coronary intervention acute coronary PCI-CURE trial 358 PE (pulmonary embolism) 277 , 742 , 744 , 748 Perclose device 316 Per cuSurge GuardWire 360 percutaneous coronary syndrome 690 anticoagulants 688 arrhythmias 528 , 694 cardiac arrest 696 cardiomyopathies 4 47 , 469 , 475 effusive-constrictive 465 , 469 fungal 474 after MI 276 , 472 , 700 purulent 471 radiation 471 rheumatic fever 47 3 toxin- or drug-induced 472 traumatic 473 tuberculous 468 uraemic 469 viral 466 691 \200\2232 congenital heart disease 608 intervention (PCI) 332 aortic valve replacement 168 , 834 DC cardioversion 821 endocarditis for bifurcation lesions 352 for chronic total occlusion prophylaxis 696 348 , 352 heart disease in for congenital heart disease 604 cutting balloons 362 drug-eluting stents 336 , general 674 , 680 imaging 65 , 678 Marfan syndrome 683 physiological changes perindopril 99 , 390 peripartum cardiomyopathy 832 \200\2233 , 835 676 , 678 pulmonary drugs 270 , 334 , 358 , 832 embolic protection devices 360 , 506 for heart failure 406 for MI: cocaine use 283 for MI: NSTEMI 301 for MI: STEMI 268 , 270 , 447 , 692 hypertension 682 valvular disease 684 \200\2238 pressure wire devices 340 pressure \200\223 volume loops in heart failure 409 primary survey 710 Prinzmetal \200\231s (variant) phentolamine 282 , 760 phosphate binders 650 phosphodiesterase type III inhibitors 403 phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors 134 , 137 , 644 phosphorus 274 , 342 , 718 angina 706 mitral balloon procainamide 722 \200\2233 propranolol 723 , 772 prostaglandins 645 prosthetic valves (hypophosphataemia) 456 valvuloplasty 153 , 364 for multivessel disease phrenic nerve palsy 570 physical activity, CAD 354 \200\2236 post-thrombolysis 269 procedures 333 , 344 , 349 , aortic 168 , 185 , 834 assessment of function 46 , risk 225 physiology 352 , 362 , 604 cardiac output 328 in pregnancy 676 right heart measurements restenosis 334 rotational atherectomy 48 , 180 bioprosthetic 180 \200\2232 , 362 185 , 46 803 stent thrombosis 92 , 338 complications 184 , see also conduction perfusion imaging 200 , 209 homografts 180 mechanical 180 \200\2231 , 46 mitral 46 , 154 in pregnancy 688 saf ety during CMR CMR 74 CT 9 scintigraphy 54 , 56 system PLATO trial 835 pneumothorax 534 poisoning see toxin-induced pericardial diseases causes 460 imaging 78 see also individual conditions disease scans 66 polyarteritis nodosa 632 polycythaemia 606 , 614 polymyositis 627 Pompe disease 706 positro n emission proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) 94 , 338 protozoal myocarditis pericardial effusion 78 , 462 after pacemaker insertion 534 (trypanosomal) 455 , 660 protozoal pericarditis (amoebic) 474 PROVE-IT trial 236 P:R ratio 492 pseudoaneurysms after angiography tomography (PET) 60 \200\2231 analysis of the \202 uid 476 aspiration 463 , 814 , 816 in HIV-positive patients potassium ACE-Is and 391 diuretics and 107 \200\2238 , 386 , 399 potassium-channel 658 after MI 276 myxoedematous 470 neoplastic 470 tuberculous 468 see also tamponade 324 \200\2235 after MI 281 activators (nicorandil) 136 psychological stress CAD risk 221 takotsubo cardiomyopathy potassium-sparing diuretics see aldosterone antagonists pericarditis 461 447 , 707 prasugrel 94 , 358 , 836 pravastatin 122 , 236 precordial thump 716 acute 78 , 276 , 461 , 774 , 776 pulmonary amoebic 474 angiography 745 \200\2236 848 INDEX retinopathy, hypertensive pulmonary artery in catheterization 310 in CT 7 227 , 754 , 762 \200\2233 rheumatic fever 699 catheterization 278 , 800 , 802 , 804 ECHO 18 rupture 804 radiofrequency acute 146 in less-developed countries 655 ablation 442 , 558 radiography see chest pulmonary embolism (PE) 277 , 742 , 744 , 748 pulmonary hypertension in connective tissue d iseases 626 \200\2237 in HIV-positive patients X-rays pericarditis 473 Sydenham \200\231s chorea 707 rheumatoid arthritis 448 , radionuclide imaging see nuclear medicine radiotherapy 618 , 620 pacemakers and 536 pericarditis following 471 rheumatological diseases 618 658 cardiac effects of drug therapies 642 RALES trial 106 ramipril 99 , 390 ranolazine 140 Rastelli operation 600 recombinant tissue in pregnancy 682 pulmonary oedema see also individual diseases rickettsial myocarditis 453 right atrium 18 right bundle branc h anatomy 478 assessment 380 , 724 , 729 causes 726 conditions associated with plasminogen activator (rt-PA) 265 \200\2236 re-entrant tachycardias atrial \201 brillatio n 564 atrial \202 utter 496 , 564 , 566 AVNRT 498 , 572 , 574 , 721 AVRT 498 , 528 , 572 , 732 management 286 , 728 pulmonary regurgitation 76 , right bundle branch block 484 177 \200\2238 right coronary artery pulmonary stenosis 177 congenital 604 \200\2235 , 610 angiography 319 , 321 SYNTAX score 355 right-heart catheterization pulmonary vascular 574 , 721 resistance (PVR) 328 326 mechanisms 545 \200\2237 sinus node 495 pulmonary veins right heart failure 370 right ventricle (RV) and ablation therapy for atrial \201 brillation 568 , 570 congenital heart disease 611 Do ppler imaging of \202 ow 24 , 27 pulsed Doppler imaging re \202 ex syncope 514 \200\2235 , 517 renal disease ARVC 70 , 440 , 442 , 524 ECHO 18 infarction 272 ACE-Is and 391 complications of right ventricular out \202 ow tract (RVOT) tachycardia 508 congenital heart disease 607 , 614 robotic surgery 556 Rocky Mountain spotted contrast media and 67 , 649 diuretics and 108 , 387 , 399 heart failure and 387 , 391 , fever 453 14 , 24 Romano \200\223Ward syndrome 399 , 412 pulseless electrical activity 706 hypertension 647 , 650 investigations 648 pulmonary oedema 732 as a risk factor 646 treatme nt/prevention of heart disease 650 renin \200\223angiotensin system (PEA) 716 Ross operation 600 rosuvastatin 122 rotational atherectomy 362 rt-PA (recombinant pulses in congenital heart disease 596 pulsus paradoxus 779 P waves 492 pyrexia, post-MI 277 tissue plasminogen activator) 265 \200\2236 650 Q Q fever 195 , 198 , 453 QRS complex in reperfusion therapy see percutaneous coronary intervention; thrombolysis S safety tachycardia 492 during CMR 66 minimization of restrictive cardiomyopathy QT interval 519 432 see also long QT syndrome radiation dose during procedures 7 , 310 , 560 compared with constrictive pericarditis 475 endomyocardial \201 brosis Q waves in STEMI 258 needlestick injuries 828 pacemakers 66 , 536 , 821 R race, CAD risk 221 radial artery saphenous vein graft 323 sarcoid 71 SCD see sudden cardiac 667 \200\2238 Loef \202 er endocarditis 667 , 670 , 703 resuscitation death as an access point for SCD-HeFT trial 835 scrub typhus 453 Seldinger technique 312 selenium de \201 ciency catheterization 314 , 316 \200\22317 , 325 sampling from 784 advanced life support 712 basic life support 710 treatment of radiation dose arrhythmias 488 , 716 456 , 667 in ablation therapy 560 reteplase 266 Senning operation 600 INDEX 849 Sensai navigation system hypertension and 763 risk in atrial \201 brillation STEMI (ST-segment 557 elevation myocardial infarction) sepsis 188 , 614 septic embolism 188 sex (gender), CAD risk 220 sexual dysfunction 395 , 64 4 sheaths, haemostatic 507 subacute bacterial anticoagulants/antiplatelet endocarditis see infective endocarditis subclavian vein drugs 91 , 270 CABG 269 calcium channel blockers 271 312 , 316 cannulation 794 shock, cardiogenic 286 , sudden cardiac death (SCD) complications 276 , 278 , 288 , 730 in ARVC 442 Brugada syndrome 280 \200\2231 de \201 nition 254 diagnosis 256 , 258 , 272 early treatment Shoshin disease 664 Shprintzen syndrome 706 sick sinus syndrome 482 side-branch angioplasty technique 350 526 , 699 in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 69 , 428 , 431 (stabilization) 254 , 256 , 262 , 272 magnesium 270 pathophysiology 342 PCI 268 , 270 , 274 , 342 , 718 predischarge risk Simon Broome criteria 305 simvastatin 122 , 236 single photon emission SCD-HeFT trial 835 supraventricular tachycardia 490 , 494 AVNRT 498 , 572 , 574 , 721 AVRT 498 , 528 , 572 , computed tomography (SPECT) 52 strati \201 cation 274 single ventricle 598 , 600 , 613 sinoatrial node 478 , 550 sinus bradycardia 482 sinus noda l re-entrant tachycardia 495 574 , 721 in pregnancy 690 presentation 256 prognosis 257 RV infarction 272 temporary pacing 806 thro mbolysis 264 , 270 , in congenital heart disease 528 discrimination from VT 586 sinus pause 482 sinus tachycardia 494 sirolimus 336 sitosterolaemia 305 situs inversus/situ s solitus drug therapies 721 , 723 Lown \200\223Ganong \200\223Levine syndrome 703 274 , 719 see also myocardial post-MI 284 in pregnancy 694 WPW syndrome 576 , 708 see also atrial tachycardia infarction; NSTEMI stents 332 aortic dissection 771 bifurcation lesions 352 chronic total 596 Sj gren \200\231s syndrome 627 skin suturing devices 316 Swan \200\223Ganz catheters 800 , occlusion 349 adverse effects of clopidogrel 92 signs of cyanotic heart 802 , 804 drug-eluting 336 , 832 \200\2233 , Sydenham \200\231s chorea 707 syncope 324 , 514 , 517 835 insertion 333 IVUS 331 , 334 prevention of restenosis disease 606 signs of infective arrhythmia 514 , 615 , 706 endocarditis 188 signs of rheumatic fever SYNTAX score 355 SYNTAX trial 354 syphilis 454 , 662 systemic lupus 334 safety during CMR scans 66 thrombosis 92 , 338 147 SLE see systemic lupus erythematosus smoking, CAD risk 222 sodium, hyponatraemia 386 sotalo l 723 space-occupying lesions see Stokes \200\223Adams erythematosus (SLE) 448 , 618 , 622 , 704 neonatal lupus 625 systemic sclerosis 626 systemi c vascular resistance syndrome 706 strain rate imaging 15 Streptococcus species in infective tumors (SVR) 328 systolic function 22 endocarditis 194 , 196 in rheumatic fever 146 , 148 SPIRIT-IV trial 835 spirochetal myocarditis 454 spironolactone see streptokinase 265 \200\2236 stress (psychological) T tachycardia 486 aldosterone antagonists CAD risk 221 takotsubo cardiomyopathy Stanford classi \201 cation (aortic dissection) 769 447 , 707 stress testing accessory pathways 576 classi \201 cation 490 diagnosis 486 , 492 , Staphylococcus species 194 , 196 with adenosine 54 , 74 with dobutamine 54 , 165 exercise ECG 2 , 296 , StarClose device 316 statins 120 , 236 , 238 548 , 552 emergency 428 , 594 angina 252 heart failure 403 hypertension 230 NSTEMI/UA 298 renal disease 650 management 488 stroke junctional 498 mechanisms 518 , 544 \200\2236 , after ablation therapy 560 in congenital heart disease 614 580 pacemakers and 535 850 INDEX tachycardia (cont.) pediatric 528 post-MI 284 regular vs irregular 495 sinus 494 sinus noda l re-entrant 495 see also atrial tachycardia; infective endocarditis plaque rupture 216 prosthetic valves 184 stents 92 , 338 see also pulmonary embolism thyroi d disease heart failure in 193 , 197 LV function 20 , 22 , 24 , 26 mitral regurgitation 159 mitral stenosis 152 pulmonary valve 177 \200\2238 standard views 13 , 17 \200\22318 tricuspid valve 176 supraventricular tachycardia; ventricular tachycardia Takayasu arteritis 628 takotsubo card iomyopathy thyrotoxicosis 416 transvenous cardiac pacing myxoedematous 806 \200\2238 pericardial effusion 470 ticagrelor 835 Tietze \200\231s syndrome 707 tiro \201 ban 96 tis sue Doppler imaging traumatic pericarditis 473 TR Band \204 317 Tredaptive 129 \200\22330 tricuspid valve anatomy 144 Ebstein \200\231s anomaly 613 , 700 regurgitation 176 stenosis 176 447 , 707 tamponade after ablation therapy 560 , 570 15 , 24 in aortic dissection 771 causes 778 investigations 780 management 470 , 780 \200\2231 , TOE see transoesophageal echocardiography torsades de pointes 521 \200\2232 Townes \200\223 Brocks syndrome triglycerides 121 , 127 \200\2238 TRIPOD trial 248 TRITON TIMI 38 trial 94 , 814 , 816 707 presentation 462 , 778 toxin-induced disease cardiomyopathy 448 myocarditis 456 pericarditis 472 Tangier disease 305 TAPAS trial 343 Taussig \200\223Bing syndrome 707 technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) 55 telmisartan 102 , 104 temporal arteritis 629 tenectaplase 266 testosterone 645 tetan us 666 tetralogy of Fallot 600 , 358 , 836 troponins (TnT, TnI) amyloidosis 435 NSTEMI/UA 292 STEMI 260 transcatheter aortic valve replacement 168 , 834 Trypanosoma cruzi 455 , 660 TTE see transthoracic echocardiography transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) 30 tuberculous pericarditis 468 tumors aortic dissection 35 , 768 aortic valves Carney \200\231s syndrome 699 imaging 44 , 80 pericardial 470 612 , 701 (prosthetic) 48 cardiac masses 44 cardiac source of embolism 34 infective endocarditis thallium-201 ( 201 Tl) 54 thermography Turner \200\231s syndrome 707 twiddler \200\231s syndrome 708 catheters 346 thiamine de \201 ciency 448 , 664 thiazide diuretics 388 thiazolidenediones 248 , 412 thie nopyridines 88 , 299 angioplasty 270 , 358 atrial \201 brillation 506 NSTEMI/UA 299 STEMI 270 thrombolysis 36 , 199 intraoperative 50 mitral regurgitation 38 , 42 , 46 , 159 , 736 mitral stenosis 43 , 152 mi tral valve U ultrasound central line insertion 796 , 798 prolapse 40 \200\2231 Doppler imaging 14 , 23 \200\2234 intravascular 330 , 334 , mitral valves (prosthetic) 46 complications 265 contraindications 265 \200\2236 heparin and 270 Mg and 270 MI: cocaine us e 283 MI: NSTEMI/UA 300 MI: STEMI 264 , 270 , 346 , 351 standard views 32 , 39 , 51 of leg veins (for DVT) transplantation, cardiac 739 , 745 406 \200\2237 , 423 see also echocardiography transposition of the great arteries (TGA) 600 , 604 , 612 unfractionated heparin NSTEMI/UA 300 in pregnancy 689 STEMI post-thrombolysis congenitally corrected 274 , 719 TGA 613 in thromboembolism 270 trans-septal puncture 562 transthoracic Doppler 740 , 749 see also heparin; low molecular weight heparin univentricular thrombosis after ablation therapy 560 antiphospholipid imaging 14 LV function 23 \200\2234 transthoracic syndrome 624 circulation 598 , 600 , 613 echocardiography (TTE) 10 congenital heart disease unstable angina (UA) de \201 nition 254 , 290 diagnosis 292 discharge 301 614 aortic regurgitation 171 aortic stenosis 28 , 165 DVT 738 , 740 intracardiac 80 INDEX 851 vitamin D, in renal disease 650 management 254 , 290 , post-MI 284 298 , 301 presentation 290 risk strati \201 cation 294 , 296 ventricular pacing wire insertion 808 ventricular premature beats 284 , 572 ventricular sep tal defect 278 , 604 , 610 , 700 ventricular stimulation protocol 554 vitamins, CAD risk 225 V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) scans 193 , 744 uraemic pericarditis 469 V VA-HIT trial 236 valsartan 102 , 104 , 392 valves see individual valves ; prosthetic valv es vancomycin 194 \200\2235 vascular access, for catheterization femoral artery 312 radial artery 314 site management 312 , 316 see also cannulation procedures vascular closure devic es 316 W wall motion, on ECHO 20 warfarin ventricular tachycardia 490 ablation therapy 582 cardiac arrest 716 catecholaminergic atrial \201 brillation 506 DC cardioversion 820 dilated cardiomyopathy polymorphic VT 526 423 DVT 740 heart failure 403 in pregnancy 688 pulmonary embolism 748 Wegener \200\231s gra nulomatosis in congenital heart disease 528 drug therapies 510 , 721 \200\2232 impaired LV function 510 , 580 mechanisms 546 , 580 normal heart 508 , 580 post-MI 284 pulmonary artery 632 Weil disease 454 Wenkebach \200\231s heart 708 Wenkebach \200\231s phenomenon vasculitides 632 , 628 \200\22330 , 702 vasovagal episodes 324 , catheterization 804 in temporary pacing 812 torsades de pointes 521 \200\2232 see also auto matic 708 514 , 517 Whipple \200\231s disease 454 Williams syndrome 708 Wolff \200\223Parkinson \200\223White ( WPW) syndrome 576 , 708 vegetations 36 , 195 , 197 , 199 , 201 implantable cardiac de \201 brillators; de \201 brillation, external venous thromboembolism 738 , 740 pulmonary embolism 277 , women, CAD risk 220 ventriculography 742 , 744 , 748 angiography 319 radionuclide 58 ventilation X X-rays see chest X-rays in pulmonary oedema 729 in STEMI 262 verapamil 115 , 282 , 723 viral myocarditis 453 viral pericarditis 466 vision, effect of ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) lung scans 193 , 744 ventricles see left ventricle; Z zoledronic acid 642 ivabradine 139 vitamin B1 (thiamine) right ventricle ventricular \201 brillation cardiac arrest 716 de \201 ciency 448 , 664