What is the impact of AF on CKD and Stroke?
The presence of AF increases CKD (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.91), as well as major cardiovascular events (RR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.53-2.51), sudden cardiac death (RR, 1.88; 1.36-2.60), HF (RR, 4.99; 95% CI, 3.04-8.22), and PAD (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.19-1.45). CKD increases the baseline risk of ischemic stroke in patients with AF and the exact attributable risk of AF as a causal agent of cardioembolic stroke is unclear. However, CKD increases the competing risk of death from causes unrelated to AF-associated stroke and may attenuate expected benefit of stroke prevention therapy.