What are the guidelines for the use of echocardiography in the evaluation of a cardiac source of embolism?
The guidelines for the use of echocardiography in the evaluation of a cardiac source of embolism are provided in the American Society of Echocardiography's 2016 consensus document. The guideline recommends performing transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in all patients with suspected cardiac source of embolism and transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) in selected high-risk patients or those with negative TTE results. Additionally, the guidelines provide recommendations regarding the diagnostic work-up and management of various cardiac sources of embolism including atrial fibrillation, patent foramen ovale, and left ventricular thrombus.