What are the risk factors for bleeding with oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy?
The risk factors for bleeding with oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy include modifiable risk factors such as hypertension/elevated SBP, INR control, concomitant APTs and NSAIDs, excessive alcohol intake, nonadherence to OAC/APT, avoidance of hazardous hobbies/occupations, avoidance of bridging therapy with OAC, appropriate choice of OAC and correct dose, extreme frailty, excessive falls risk, VKA management strategy, anemia, reduced platelet count or function, renal impairment, age, previous major bleeding, severe renal impairment, severe hepatic disease, malignancy, genetic factors, previous stroke, small vessel disease, diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment/dementia, cystatin C/CKD-EPI cTnT-hs vWF (plus other coagulation markers). Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, previous major bleeding, severe renal impairment, severe hepatic disease, malignancy, and genetic factors.