What are the factors that may influence the efficacy of intraoperative TEE use in CABG patients?
The efficacy of intraoperative TEE is likely influenced by the presence of 1) LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction, 2) concomitant valvular disease, 3) the planned surgical procedure (on pump versus off pump, primary versus reoperative), 4) the surgical approach (full sternotomy versus partial sternotomy versus endoscopic or robotic), 5) its acuity (elective versus emergency); and 6) physician training and expertise.