acute 694 tuberculous 698 \200\223 9 kidney disease 529 \200\223 32 tion 346 \200\223 9 acute see acute kidney injury B cells 347 histocompatibility and allorecognition 346 \200\223 7 , 348 intracranial aneurysms 594 intradialytic hypotension chronic see chronic kidney 302 \200\223 3 intravenous disease histology 531 \200\223 535 , 535 see also individual diseases kidney injury molecule-1 95 kidney stones see nephrolithiasis kidney transplantation T cell activation 347 , 348 tolerance 349 urography 52 \200\223 3 contrast media 53 obstruction 733 immunosuppressive therapy 380 \200\223 1 invasive monitoring 13 iron 228 \200\223 9 and cardiovascular disease 422 clinical applications adverse reactions 231 de \201 ciency 335 \200\223 8 ABO/HLA-incompatible IgA nephropathy 547 membranous absolute 228 functional 228 reticuloendothelial block 228 monitoring 230 status markers 228 \200\223 9 targets 230 therapy 230 \200\223 1 444 \200\223 5 ANCA-associated vasculitis 647 antimicrobial therapy nephropathy 567 mesangiocapillary glo- merulonephritis 553 after 879 bene \201 ts 336 , 337 challenges 337 , 337 \200\223 8 , 339 complications 402 \200\223 3 nephritic syndrome 540 \200\223 3 immunological risk 381 induction 382 \200\223 5 intramuscular 230 intravenous 231 \200\223 2 oral 230 iron dextran 231 iron III hydroxide sucrose early 402 \200\223 3 late 403 post-transplant malig- nancy 440 \200\223 3 depleting antibodies 383 \200\223 4 , 385 non-depleting antibodies 382 maintenance 386 \200\223 91 azathioprine 390 calcineurin inhibitors 386 \200\223 7 , 388 , 389 corticosteroids 391 mycophenolic acid see also post-transplant infections, below contraindications 350 diabetic patients 619 dono r characteristics complex 231 ischaemic nephropathy 586 islet cell transplantation 446 , 447 isoniazid 395 isosthenuria 16 isotonic saline 95 , 125 365 \200\223 7 , 369 brain death 365 , 367 cardiac death 366 , 368 389 \200\223 90 sirolimus 390 INDEX INDEX 966 kidney-liver peritoneal dialysis patients 393 \200\223 4 kidney transplantation transplantation 448 kidney-pancreas transplanta- (Cont \200\231d) contraindications to deceased donation 369 pre-dialysis patients 393 post-operative care 396 \200\223 7 low urine output 397 \200 \223 9 post-transplant biopsy 407 post-transplant infections tion 446 \200\223 8 bene \201 ts 446 Klotho 236 extended criteria donors 368 , 369 opting in or out 369 warm/cold ischaemic 426 \200\223 9 L labetalol 504 , 849 lactate, crystalloid solutions 125 lactic acidosis 828 \200\223 9 la motrigine 897 lanthanum carbonate 248 Lawrence-Moon syndrome 602 lead nephropathy 583 lepto spirosis 164 leucocyte esterase 18 leucocytes, urinary 24 levetiracetam 897 Liddle s syndro me 480 , 801 LIFE study 496 \200\223 7 light chain deposition BK virus nephropathy time 365 436 \200\223 7 donor-recipient matching cytomegalovirus 430 \200\223 4 fever 427 Pneumocystis 360 \200\223 1 anti-HLA antibodies 361 \200\223 2 , 363 blood group 360 cross-matching 363 \200\223 4 no n-HLA antibodies 362 tissue typing 360 \200\223 1 pneumonia 428 UTI 438 \200\223 9 pre-transplant assessment 350 \200\223 1 , 352 cardiovascular disease failure 417 graft dysfunction 404 , 352 \200\223 5 , 357 goals of 351 infection risk and history 357 mental health 359 native renal disease 359 prev ious malignancy 404 \200\223 406 delayed 404 \200\223 5 early 405 \200\223 6 hepatitis B patients 684 hepatitis C patients 690 HIV patients 679 immunology 346 \200\223 9 immunosuppression 358 , 358 disease 626 thrombotic or bleeding linezolid 886 lithium 904 \200\223 5 tendency 357 pregnancy after 864 , 865 380 \200\223 1 intoxication 905 nephrotoxicity 904 \200\223 5 immunological risk 381 induction 382 \200\223 5 maintenance 386 \200\223 92 prescription 395 triple therapy 380 graft rejection 865 management 866 \200\223 7 outcome 865 pre-pregnancy and ante- natal ca re 866 \200\223 7 lithium dilution technique 13 live donor exchange schemes 445 live donor transplantation live donor 372 \200\223 9 live donor exchange schemes 445 long-term follow-up recipient characteristics 372 \200\223 9 370 \200\223 1 advantages 372 concerns 377 contraindications 375 \200\223 6 disadvantages 372 donor asses sment 372 \200\223 3 recurrent disease 418 , 418 \200\223 20 422 \200\223 5 Alport syndrome 420 diabetic bone and mineral metabolism 425 cardiovascular disease nephropathy 420 focal segmental glomeru- losclerosis 418 \200\223 19 GFR 374 , 375 donor nephrectomy 378 pain relief 379 renal outcomes 374 liver transplantation 159 422 , 422 \200\223 3 dyslipidaemia 423 \200\223 4 hypertension 422 \200\223 3 new-onset diabetes haemolytic uraemic sydnrome 420 IgA nephropathy 419 membranous glomerulo- hepatorenal 424 \200\223 5 operation 400 \200\223 1 syndrome 159 nephritis 419 mesangiocapillary liver-kidney dual transplants 401 organ retrieval 400 recipient operation transplantation 448 liver-type fatty acid-binding glomerulonephritis 419 rejection protein 95 400 \200\223 1 loin pain 75 loop diuretics 500 , 792 loop of Henle 926 , 927 outcomes 340 , 340 \200\223 4 graft failure 341 graft survival 341 \200\223 2 , 344 , acute 408 , 408 \200\223 12 Banff classi \201 cation 411 chronic 414 , 414 \200\223 17 h umoral/ countercurrent system 367 , 368 928 \200\223 9 patient survival 339 , 341 antibody-mediated 409 \200\223 11 low molecular weight hepa- patient education 350 patient selection 350 perioperative care 392 \200\223 9 rin 182 , 290 low-sodium diet 472 lupus nephritis 658 \200\223 9 classi \201 cation 659 i nitial therapy 660 \200\223 1 T cell-mediated 408 \200\223 9 thrombotic investigations 393 medications 394 \200\223 6 microangiopathy 412 vaccinations 428 INDEX INDEX 967 presentation and manage- mycophenolate mofetil maintenance therapy ment 552 \200\223 3 mesangioproliferative 543 , 866 662 \200\223 3 lupus nephritis 660 pregnancy 857 , 859 renal biopsy 661 glomerulonephritides 572 mycophenolic acid 389 \200\223 90 MYCYC study 648 myeloma kidney 620 \200\223 1 cast neph ropathy 622 , metabolic acidosis 137 \200\223 40 , 834 metabolic alkalosis lymphocele, post-transplant 403 lymphoma, and 622 \200\223 5 transplantation 358 lymphoproliferative dis- 830 , 834 reversal 832 metformin 894 myocardial perfusion scan 355 myoglobin 152 order, post-transplant 441 \200\223 3 contrast-induced AKI 52 classi \201 cation 442 metglitinides 894 methanol poisoning 912 methotrexate 668 N nadolol 503 nail-patella syndrome 571 nateglinide 894 nausea 895 nebivolol 503 Neoral s ee ciclosporin nephrectomy, live donor 378 M magnesium 802 \200\223 3 nephrotoxicity 899 methoxy polyethylene gly- col epoetin 220 , 221 crystalloid solutions 125 hypermagnesaemia 810 hypomagnesaemia 137 \200\223 8 methyldopa 512 , 849 metoclopramide 895 metoprolol 503 metronidazole 885 microalbuminuria 6 0 , 61 2 -microglobulin-related dialysis amyloid 632 \200\223 3 micturating cystourethr og- raphy (MCUG) 56 Mimpara see cinacalcet mineral metabolism, magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals 28 , 29 magnesium carbonate 248 magnetic resonance imaging nephritic syndrome 71 see MRI malaria 702 \200\223 3 malignancy see cancer malignant hypertension acute 536 \200\223 7 immune complex-mediated 537 management 538 \200\223 9 518 , 519 malnutrition CKD 260 dialysis-related 308 immune suppression post-transplant 425 mineralocorticoid antago- 540 \200\223 3 mechanisms 536 renal biopsy 82 nists 501 , 792 mineralocorticoid excess, apparent 475 , 480 nephritis see nephritic mannitol 144 , 154 mean arterial pressure syndrome minimal change disease 558 \200\223 9 minoxidil 512 Mircera see methoxy polyethylene gly col epoetin mitomycin 899 mixed connective tissue (MAP) 168 Meckel-Gruber nephroblastoma 749 nephrocalcinosis 45 nephrogenic sys- syndrome 601 medullary cystic kidney temic \201 brosis, gadolinium-induced 51 disease 599 medullary sponge kidney 599 megaureter 715 melioidosis 165 membranous nephrolithiasis 716 \200\223 19 clinical presentation 720 \200\223 1 imaging 721 management 722 \200\223 3 pregnancy 860 prevention of recurrence disorder 669 mixed uraemic osteodystrophy 234 monoclonal gam- glomerulonephritis 419 hepatitis B-associated 682 rheumatoid mopathy of uncertain signi \201 cance 624 722 , 723 renal colic 724 \200\223 5 risk factors 717 screening for 721 stone composition 716 stone formation 716 stone types 716 \200\223 17 surgical management 725 monoclonal Ig deposition arthritis-associated 668 disease 626 \200\223 7 membranous nephropathy morphine 380 moxonidine 512 MRI 50 \200\223 1 564 , 564 \200\223 5 secondary 565 treatment 566 \200\223 7 menopause, early, in cardiac 355 obstruction 733 CKD 262 nephron 915 nephrotic syndrome 60 \200\223 1 MRSA glomerulonephritis mental health of transplant 693 , 694 Muckle Wells patients 359 MEPEX study 648 meropenem 887 mesangial cells 916 mesangiocapillary glomeru- l onephritis 419 \200\223 20 diuretics 793 hypoalbuminaemia 791 management 556 \200\223 7 oedema 791 proteinuria 60 , 5 54 syndrome 632 multicystic dysplastic kidneys 715 Mycobacterium leprae 695 Mycobacterium tuberculosis nephrotoxic drugs 898 \200\223 901 see also poisoning nephrotoxins 7 , 98 hepatitis B-associated 682 kidney transplant 419 695 , 696 INDEX INDEX 968 omeprazole 379 ondansetron 379 , 895 ONTARGET study 496 \200\223 7 opioid analgesics 897 o ral anticoagulants 893 oral contraceptives, and anti- hypertensive therapy 491 diabetic patients 619 dialysate 316 \200\223 17 biocompatible neuro \201 bromatosis 602 neurogenic bladder 618 neutrophil solutions 316 commercially available solutions 317 gelatinase-associated lipocalin 94 nifedipine 523 , 849 nitrates 524 , 892 nitric oxide 453 nitrites, urinary 18 nitrofurantoin 888 nocturnal home glucose concentrations 317 orthostatic hypotension peritoneal glucose exposure 319 526 \200\223 7 osomoreceptors 779 osteodystrophy physiology 312 pre-transplantation man- agement 393 \200\223 4 haemodialysis 304 non-HLA antibodies 362 non-steroidal mixed uraemic 234 and vascular calci \201 cation pregnancy 863 prescription 189 \200\223 90 social rehabilitation 334 transporter status 31 8 types of 314 \200\223 15 assisted 314 automated 314 , 323 continuous ambulatory 242 \200\223 3 anti-in \202 ammatory drugs see NSAIDs osteomalacia 234 , 235 osteoporosis 234 overactive bladder 765 oxalate, dietary 723 oxidati ve stress 453 oxprenolol 503 oxycodone 380 Noonan syndrome 601 NSAIDs 895 , 902 \200\223 3 nephrotoxicity 902 nuclear medicine 54 \200\223 5 radiopharmaceuticals 54 see also isotope studies 314 , 315 nutrition tidal 314 P pancreas transplantation AKI 140 \200\223 1 , 142 \200\223 3 CKD 258 \200\223 9 well patients 334 peritoneal equilibration nutritional status 258 nystatin 395 test 330 peritonitis 320 \200\223 1 allergic 321 bacteriology 320 \200\223 1 catheter rem oval 323 complications 321 management 322 \200\223 3 risk factors 320 sclerosing 446 \200\223 7 panel reactive antibodies 362 papillary necrosis 585 , 618 paracetamol 379 , 395 parathyroid hormone O obesity assays 241 CKD-MBD 236 , 238 parathyroidectomy 254 \200\223 5 patient-controlled analgesia 380 as contraindication to live organ donation 377 and hypertension 472 encapsulating 326 obstetric history 8 obstruction 715 , 726 \200\223 7 PEXIVAS study 648 pH 834 phaeochromocytoma pCO 2 834 pelvi-ureteric obstruction causes 727 clinical presentation 730 \200\223 1 epidemiology 726 imaging 732 \200\223 3 i nvestigations 731 pathophysiology 728 \200\223 9 pelvi-ureteric 736 \200\223 7 post-obstr uction diuresis 735 pregnancy 860 recovery of renal function 729 treatment 734 \200\223 5 475 , 482 736 \200\223 7 pharmacodynamics 870 pharmacokinetics 870 \200\223 1 penicillamine 668 penicillins 883 pentamidine 395 percutaneous coronary intervention 947 \201 rst order 872 \200\223 3 phentolamine 524 phosphate dietary restriction 246 , 259 hyperphosphataemia peripheral vasodilatation 104 peritoneal dialysis 9 \200\223 10 136 , 811 adequacy of 328 \200\223 9 , 330 advantages 312 AKI 188 \200\223 9 antimicrobial therapy 879 catheter placement 188 complications 324 \200\223 6 , 334 drainage problems 325 exit s ite infection 324 leaks 325 peritonitis 320 \200\223 1 , hypophosphataemia 812 reabsorption 925 phosphate binders 246 \200\223 7 , 248 phosphaturia 76 , 77 phosphodiesterase-5 inhibi- tors, benign prostatic hyperplasia 762 obstructive nephropathy 726 obstructive sleep apnoea 475 , 483 obstructive uropathy 726 oedema 791 phosphorus 803 photoselective vaporization diuretics see diuretics oesophageal Doppler 13 OKT3 385 older patients 322 \200\223 3 of prostate 764 sclerosing encapsulating physical examination 10 \200\223 11 peritonitis 326 ultra \201 ltration failure by area 10 by system 11 circulation 12 \200\223 13 hypertension 490 renal function 38 \200\223 9 332 , 333 oliguria 74 contraindications 313 INDEX INDEX 969 pregabalin 897 pregnancy renal biopsy 82 selectivity 60 phytotherapy, benign pros- tatic hyperplasia 762 acute fatty liver 845 AKI 844 \200\223 5 dialysis 862 \200\223 3 HELLP syndrome 855 hyper tension 846 \200\223 8 de \201 nition 846 gestational 847 \200\223 8 pre-existing 847 tr eatment 849 proton pump inhibitors 896 proximal convoluted tubule pindolol 503 pipericillin-tazobactam 883 pirfenidone 208 , 617 plasma cell dyscrasias 620 \200\223 1 plasma exchange 577 , 924 \200\223 5 , 925 prune belly syndrome 715 pseudoaldosteronism 480 pseudohypoaldosteron- 950 , 952 ism 797 Goodpasture \200\231s pseudohypokalaemia 796 pseudohyponatraemia 780 psychotropic drugs 896 \200\223 7 pulmonary artery catheter 13 syndrome 657 plasmacytoma 624 plasmapheresis see plasma physiological changes 840 \200\223 1 exchange pneumaturia 14 Pneumocystis jiroveci 428 pO 2 834 podocytes 916 poisoning post-transplant 864 \200\223 5 pre-eclampsia see pre-eclampsia pulmonary oedema 134 \200\223 5 pulmonary renal pre-existing renal disease syndrome 72 \200\223 3 856 \200\223 6 , 859 renal function 840 septic abortion 845 tubular function 841 urinary t ract disorders 860 UTI 842 \200\223 3 pulse contour analysis 13 pulse pressure 451 pure red cell aplasia 225 purines, dietary 723 pyelonephritis 707 , 709 dialysis treatment 906 \200\223 7 ethylene glycol 910 \200\223 11 methanol 912 salicylate 908 \200\223 9 antimicrobial therapy 882 chronic 712 \200\223 13 emphysematous 711 pregnancy 842 , 843 xa nthogranulomatous 711 polyarteritis nodosa 652 \200\223 3 hepatitis B-associated 682 prescribing see drug prescribing polycystic kidney disease prochlorperazine 895 Procrit see epoetin Prograf see tacrolimus PROGRESS study 496 \200\223 7 propranolol 503 prostate cancer 766 \200\223 7 investigations 768 management 77 4 , 774 \200\223 6 screening 772 \200\223 3 staging 768 \200\223 9 , 770 see autosomal dominant adult polycystic disease and cystic kidney disease pyridoxamine 617 pyuria, sterile 24 polymyositis 669 polyomaviruses 436 \200\223 7 polyuria 74 , 75 post-infectious glomerulo- R radiopharmaceuticals 54 ramipril 523 rapamycin see sirolimus rapidly progressive nephritis 548 \200\223 9 posterior urethral valves 737 postural tachycardia syndrome 527 prostate-speci \201 c antigen (PSA) 772 glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 71 rasburicase 895 RAVE study 648 5 -reductase inhibi- potassium 794 prostatectomy 763 , 775 prostatic enlargement 79 prostatitis, bacterial 711 protein catabol ic rate, normalized 287 crystalloid solutions 125 in dialysate 283 dietary restriction 259 hyperkalaemia see hyperk alaemia hypokalaemia 76 \200\223 8 reabsorption 922 , 924 , 931 tors, benign prostatic hyperplasia 761 protein electrophoresis 119 protein intake, CKD 258 protein restriction 208 proteinuria 20 \200\223 2 , 58 \200\223 9 , re \202 ux nephropathy 712 \200\223 13 pregnancy 857 renal agenesis 714 renal amyloid 632 \200\223 3 , 668 AA amyloidosis 630 \200\223 1 AL amyloid 628 \200\223 9 hereditary prazosin 486 , 504 \200\223 5 , 849 pre-eclampsia 850 \200\223 1 , 859 60 \200\223 1 , 77 benign 59 causes 29 CKD 197 , 200 diabetic nephropathy 613 dipstick-pos itive 530 with haematuria 530 management 61 microalbuminuria 60 , 61 nephrotic syndrome diagnosis 852 fetal assessment 853 follow-up and prognosis 855 amyloidosis 632 indications for delivery 853 management 852 \200\223 3 , 855 organs affected 851 pathogene sis 850 , 851 and placenta 850 renal impairment 856 severe 854 symptoms 852 inherited fever syndromes 632 2 -microglobulin-related dialysis amyloid 632 \200\223 3 renal angiography 56 renal artery stenosis 403 renal biopsy 80 \200\223 1 60 , 554 pathological 58 post-transplant 422 pregnancy 857 quanti \201 cation 197 reductio n of 556 AKI 121 complications 84 \200\223 5 contraindications 80 indications 80 , 82 \200\223 3 precutaneous nephrolithotomy 725 prednisolone 391 , 541 INDEX INDEX 970 anticoagulation 184 prescription 179 diabetic patients 619 dialysis disequilibrium 177 drug prescribing 876 \200\223 7 haemodialysis see haemodialysis renal biopsy (Cont \200\231d) preparation for 80 technique 81 rheumatoid factor 119 rheumatoid-associated vasculitis 669 RITAZAREM study 648 ritonavir 898 rituximab 385 renal calci \201 cation 45 renal cell carcinoma 744 \200\223 5 clinical features 746 follow-up 749 genetics 744 investigations 746 \200\223 7 management 748 \200\223 9 paraneoplastic syndromes ANCA-associated vasculitis 644 lupus nephritis 660 nephritic syndrome 543 thrombotic thromb ocyto- penic purpura 577 haemo \201 ltration 174 , 175 , 279 , 906 haemoperfusion 907 hepatorenal syndrome 159 high-dose 181 history 274 lupus nephritis 663 p eritoneal dialysis see peritoneal dialysis phosphate balance 247 post-transplant 398 pre-tr ansplant 393 pregnancy 862 \200\223 3 prevalence 276 , 276 \200\223 7 survival 277 treatm ent of poisoning with 746 RITUXVAS study 648 ruboxistaurin 617 pathological/molecular subtypes 745 prognosis 747 staging 747 and transplantation 358 S salicylate poisoning 908 \200\223 9 renal colic 724 \200\223 5 renal coloboma treatment 909 Salmonella typhi 695 salt balance 778 \200\223 9 salt intake syndrome 602 renal denervation in hypertension 514 renal disease and blood pressure 453 low-sodium diet 472 restriction of 259 , 538 , 556 salt-losing nephr opathy 583 sarcoidosis 670 \200\223 2 Schistosoma haematobium 24 schistosomiasis 700 \200 \223 1 scleroderma renal crisis 906 \200\223 7 and ethnicity 8 inherited 6 renal failure vascular access 180 when to start 334 renal stones see diuretics 793 HIV 675 nephrolithiasis renal tubular acidosis renal failure index 116 renal function tests 30 \200\223 1 76 \200\223 8 , 826 distal 718 \200\223 19 proximal 825 \200\223 6 creatinine 32 \200\223 3 GFR see glomerular \201 ltration rate immunological and serolog ical 40 \200\223 2 older patients 38 \200\223 9 666 \200\223 7 sclerosing encapsulating renal vein thrombosis 590 renin 456 renin inhibitors 208 , 511 renin-angiotensin system peritonitis 326 screening CKD 197 diabetic nephropathy 610 haematuria 68 prostate cancer 772 \200\223 3 Senior-L ke n syndrome 456 , 456 \200\223 7 renal fusion 714 \200\223 15 renal masses 742 , 742 \200\223 3 renal medullary in diabetic nephropathy 609 renin-secreting tumors 479 renovascular disease 586 \200\223 7 , carcinoma 637 599 , 601 renal pelvis tumors 756 \200\223 7 renal physiology 913 \200\223 14 see also speci \201 c parts Sensipar see cinacalcet sepsis 878 \200\223 1 AKI 166 \200\223 7 management 168 \200 \223 70 antifungals 879 \200\223 80 antimicrobials 878 \200\223 9 antivirals 879 high-dos e renal replace- ment therapy 181 590 , 591 , 618 see also individual conditions renal replacement therapy 9 \200\223 8 renovascular hypertension 475 adequacy of 181 \200\223 3 AKI 133 , 172 \200\223 4 repaglinide 894 respiratory acidosis 822 , 834 respiratory alkalosis 831 , 834 retinol-bind ing protein 95 retrograde anticoagulation 182 \200\223 3 , 184 \200\223 6 , 187 indications 172 , 173 modalities 174 \200\223 5 , 176 \200\223 7 pe ritoneal dialysis 188 \200\223 9 prescription 178 \200\223 81 severe 168 sepsis syndrome 166 septic abortion 845 serotonin-speci \201 c reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 896 ureteropyelography 57 retroperitoneal \201 brosis 738 \200\223 9 ANCA-associated vasculitis 647 management 740 , 741 rhabdomyolysis 152 \200\223 3 serum free light chain anticoagulation 182 \200\223 3 , 184 citrate regional 186 \200\223 7 haemodialysis 290 assay 621 causes 153 compartment Sevelamer-HCl 248 sexual dysfunction, syndrome 155 management 154 \200\223 5 prognosis 154 CKD 267 CKD 262 sexual history 8 short daily decision not to have 270 withdrawal of 270 rheumatoid arthritis 668 \200\223 9 continuous 176 haemodialysis 304 INDEX INDEX 971 tolerance 349 topiramate 897 total body water 778 regulation of 779 symptoms 4 syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion see SIADH SYST-EUR stud y 496 \200\223 7 systemic disease, renal shunt nephritis 549 SIADH 782 management 785 sickle cell nephropathy 636 \200\223 7 sildena \201 l, benign prostatic tramadol 380 transitional cell tumors 757 transplantation see individual organs transurethr al incision of prostate (TUIP) 763 transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT) 764 transurethral needle abla- tion (TUNA) 764 transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) 762 \200\223 3 hyperplasia 762 sirolimus 390 , 866 Sj gren s syndrome 669 skin cancer, post-transplant involvement 602 \200\223 603 see also individual conditions systemic in \202 ammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 168 440 \200\223 1 smoking, and CKD 205 social history 4 \200\223 5 sodium systemic lupus erythemato- sus see lupus nephritis crystalloid solutions 125 haemodialysis dialysate systemic sclerosis 666 \200\223 8 systemic vasculitis 638 , 639 TREAT trial 226 \200\223 7 Treponema pallidum 695 triad syndrome 715 triamterene 792 , 931 tricyclic clinical trials 648 rheumatoid-associated 669 see also ANCA-associated concentration 283 homeostasis 301 hypernatraemia see hypernatraemia hyponatraemia see hyponatraemia reabsorpt ion 922 , 924 , vasculitis systolic blood pressure 451 antidepressants 896 trimethoprim 888 troponin 948 TSAT 230 tuberculosis T T cell activation 347 , 348 T cell-mediated rejection 930 , 931 salt/water balance 778 \200\223 9 urinary 116 sodium aurothiomalate end-stage renal disease 699 genitourinary 696 \200\223 7 prophylaxis 395 renal 696 \200 \223 7 408 \200\223 9 668 tacrolimus 387 , 866 tadala \201 l, benign prostatic sodium bicarbonate 124 in hyperkalaemia 131 hyperplasia 762 sodium ferric gluconate 231 sodium nitroprusside 524 sodium pump 923 SOLUTION study 648 sot alol 503 spironolactone 793 , 931 squamous cell carcinoma, Takayasu s arteritis 638 , 653 Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein tuberculous interstitial nephritis 698 \200\223 9 tuberous sclerosis 600 tubular function 922 , 922 \200\223 3 25 , 622 teicopleinin 886 tenofovir 898 thiazide diuretics 486 , in pregnancy 841 see also speci \201 c areas tubular syndromes 76 \200\223 7 tubuloglomer ular feedback 920 498 \200\223 9 , 792 and transplantation 358 thiazolidinediones 894 thin membrane disease statins 485 , 893 stone disease see nephrolithiasis STOP-2 study 496 \200\223 7 Streptococ cus 568 , 570 thoracic electrical tubulointerstitial nephritis acute 580 \200\223 1 chronic 582 \200\223 3 tubulointerstitial bioimpedance 13 thrombocytopenia, pneumoniae 695 stress management 473 struvite stones 718 prevention 723 sulfasalazines 903 sulfonylureas 894 sulodexide 208 , 617 surgery heparin-induced 184 , 290 nephritis and uveitis syndrome 581 tubulointerstitial scarring 200 thrombolytics 893 thrombotic microangiopathy 412 , 574 , 575 thrombotic tendency, pre-transplant assessment 357 tumor lysis syndrome 160 \200\223 1 diagnosis 160 thrombotic thrombocyto- penic purpura 576 \200\223 7 bowel preparation tunneled dialysis catheters 943 , 944 296 , 940 pregnancy 845 thyroid disease parathyroidectomy 254 \200\223 5 patient preparation 942 \200\223 4 post-operative care 9 42 transplantation see Turner syndrome 601 and hypertension 475 , 483 prescribing 894 \200\223 5 U ultra \201 ltration 313 failure 332 , 333 thyroid function, CKD 262 tigecycline 887 timolol 503 tissue typing 360 \200\223 1 TNF rec eptor-associated various transplantation procedures sympathetic nervous sys- ultrasound 46 AKI 120 obstruction 732 , 733 tem, in blood pressure control 455 periodic syndrome 632 INDEX INDEX 972 systemic 638 , 639 post-transplant 438 \200\223 9 pregnancy 842 \200\223 3 prophylaxis 711 pyelonephritis uraemia 70 uraemic cardiomyopathy 212 uraemic syndrome 212 \200\223 13 urea:creatinine rat io 116 urea 37 , 116 , 929 ureter vasopeptidase inhibitors 464 vasopeptide inhibitors 208 vasopressin 931 , 933 \200\223 4 VATER association 601 venesect ion, pulmonary bacteriuria 707 , 709 emphysematous 711 xanthogranuloma- tous 711 recurrent 710 treatment 7 09 colic 75 obstruction 727 stenosis 403 tumors 756 \200\223 7 ureterocele 715 ureterorenosco py 57 ureteroscopy 57 , 725 urethral obstruction 727 urethrography 56 uric acid crystals 28 , 29 uric acid nephropathy 160 uric acid stones 717 \200\223 18 urinalysis 16 \200\223 1 7 , 18 \200\223 19 oedema 135 Venofer see iron III hydroxide sucrose complex antimicrobials 882 urine venous thromboembolism, alkalinization 154 appearance 14 , 15 culture 25 leakage prophylaxis 395 vesicoureteric junction obstruction 737 vesicoureteric re \202 ux 712 post-transplant 402 classi \201 cation 712 low output 397 \200\223 8 odor 14 , 15 production 915 timed 24h collections 21 volume 74 vigabatrin 897 viral haemorrhagic fevers 165 AKI 116 \200\223 17 bilirubin and vitamin D urobilinogen 18 CKD 208 CKD-MBD 236 , 250 treatment 250 \200\223 1 urobilinogen, urinary 18 uroradiology 56 \200\223 7 useful resources 954 \200\223 6 uteri ne carcinoma, and transplantation 358 casts 25 , 26 crystals 28 , 29 glucose 18 ketones 18 leucocyte esterase and side effects 250 vitamin D analogs 251 von Hippel-Lindau disease 745 voriconazole 890 UTI see urinary tract nitrites 18 leucocytes 24 microorganisms 24 osmolality 16 , 116 pH 16 , 17 protein see prot einuria red blood cells see haematuria sediment 22 , 23 speci \201 c gravity 16 , 116 test strips 19 infection W Waldenstr m s V vaccination macroglobulinaemia 635 hepatitis B 685 post-transplant 428 warm ischaemic time 365 water VACTERL association 601 valaciclovir 898 valganciclovir 395 balance 778 \200\223 9 handling 779 loading 779 restriction 538 , 556 , 779 total body see total body water WGET study 648 white coat hypertension see also speci \201 c tests cytomegalovirus 433 dose 889 nephrotoxicity 898 urinary calculi 45 urinary tract, pain 75 urinary tract infection (UTI) valproate 897 VALUE study 496 \200\223 7 vancomycin 882 706 \200\223 7 asymptomatic bacteriuria 460 706 , 710 dose 886 Williams syndrome 601 Wilms tumor 749 wound infection 402 bacterial prostatitis 711 bacteriology 707 catheter-related 710 cystitis 707 vascular calci \201 cation 242 \200\223 3 , 308 , 311 dialysis-related 308 , 311 and osteodystrophy 242 \200\223 3 interstitial 711 vascular thrombosis 402 vasculitis X X-rays 44 \200\223 5 xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis 711 diabetes mellitus 618 diagnosis 707 host factors 706 investigations 708 ANCA-associated see ANCA-associated vasculitis