What are the established therapies for chronic HFrEF?
Established therapies for chronic HFrEF include ARNIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, loop diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate (HYD/ISDN), and ivabradine, an If channel blocker highly selective for the sinoatrial node pacemaker current.