What research should be conducted to identify individuals who will benefit or experience harm from blood pressure medications in all CKD populations?
Research should be conducted to identify individuals who will benefit or experience harm from blood pressure medications in all CKD populations through personalized medicine. This includes examining the addition of endothelin blockers or GLP-1 receptor agonists to concomitant RASi monotherapy for potential kidney benefits in the advanced CKD (G4 G5) population and the nonproteinuric CKD populations. In addition, future trials should examine the benefits of dual versus monotherapy on major kidney outcomes in people with CKD without diabetes and severely increased proteinuria (e.g., >2 3 g/d) while curtailing the risks of hyperkalemia and AKI.