What is the optimal treatment approach for patients with HFREF and CKD?
The optimal treatment approach for patients with HFREF and CKD is triple therapy with a beta-blocker, an ACE-I or ARB, and a Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist (MRA). After seeking specialist advice, further medication options might be sacubitril valsartan (in place of ACEi [or ARB]), digoxin, or ivabradine.