What strategies should be used to manage HF in African Americans, older adults, and the frail?
Strategies for managing HF in African Americans, older adults, and the frail should focus on optimizing medication management, providing comprehensive patient education, monitoring of symptoms, and addressing comorbidities. Particular attention should be paid to the cost and access of HF medications, the complexity of the disease, and common comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease. Care should also be tailored to the needs of individual patients, with emphasis on shared decision-making and palliative and hospice care when appropriate.