What is the association between smoking and stroke outcomes?
Several studies have investigated the relationship between smoking and stroke outcomes. A meta-analysis of studies published between 1989 and 2019 showed that smoking increases the risk of stroke by 37% in men and 27% in women. Other studies have found that secondhand smoke exposure is also associated with increased risk of stroke, and that quitting smoking can reduce the risk of stroke recurrence and mortality following a first manifestation of arterial disease.  