progression of CKD urinary red cell casts, or RBC > 20/hpf sustained and not readily explained CKD and hypertension refractory to treatment with 4 antihypertensive agents persistent abnormalities of serum potassium recurrent or extensive nephrolithiasis hereditary kidney disease. B Monitoring for disease progression: assess GFR and albuminuria at least annually in people with CKD. Repeat testing more often in patients at higher risk of progression and/or where measurement will impact therapeutic decisions. Show 5 more Clinical findings Symptoms Past medical history Bone pain AKI Chest pain Acute pyelonephritis Erectile dysfunction Alport syndrome Fatigue Benign prostatic hyperplasia Headache CVD Hematuria Coronary artery disease Hiccups Diabetes mellitus Itching Diabetic nephropathy Loss of appetite Fabry disease Muscle cramps Glomerulonephritis Nausea HCV infection Seizure Hypertension Shortness of breath Kidney stones Sleeping disorder Multiple myeloma Vomiting Obesity Weight loss Polycystic kidney disease Pulmonary hypertension Medication history Renal artery stenosis SLE NSAIDs Sarcoidosis Anthropomorphic exam Sickle cell disease https://web.pathway.md/diseases/recIwpUFjFfYxzh1Y 27/32 6/29/23, 3:54 AM Chronic kidney disease Pathway Growth restriction Social history Neurological exam Tobacco use Cognitive impairment Vascular exam Coma Peripheral edema Peripheral neuropathy Cardiac exam Integument exam Pericarditis Lindsay's nails Pallor Lab findings Hematological findings Lactic acidosis PTH Anemia serum anion gap serum creatinine serum cystatin C serum phosphate serum urea urine protein GFR serum calcium H Studies 2023 DAPA-CKD (post-hoc analysis) In patients with CKD with and without anemia, dapagliflozin was superior to placebo with respect to improvement in hematocrit during follow-up. Akihiko Koshino et al. NEJM Evid. 2023. 2023 EMPA-KIDNEY In patients with CKD with an eGFR 20 and < 45 mL/min/1.73 m , or 45 and < 90 mL/min/1.73 m with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 200, empagliflozin was superior to placebo with respect to progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes. EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group et al. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jan 12. Show 18 more References 1. KDIGO Executive Committee. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. KDIGO. 2013 Jan;3 1 . Open https://web.pathway.md/diseases/recIwpUFjFfYxzh1Y 28/32 6/29/23, 3:54 AM Chronic kidney disease Pathway 2. KDIGO Executive Committee. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. KDIGO. 2012 Aug. Open 3. ERBP. Clinical Practice Guideline on management of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (eGFR 45 mL/min). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015 May;30 Suppl 2:ii1 142. Open 4. 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