What are the potential implications of advances in molecular, gene, and cell therapies on the need for ICDs in the future?
Advancement in the development of gene and cell-transfer therapies to restore myocardial function in a failing heart and to inhibit ventricular arrhythmias could potentially impact the need for ICDs in the future. Technical advances such as the development of a totally subcutaneous ICD and a leadless pacing system could also reduce the risk of infection in cases requiring a device rather than a biological therapy.