What are the recommendations for bleeding risk assessment in patients with AF?
For patients with AF, bleeding risk assessment should be performed in all patients with AF at every patient contact and should initially focus on potentially modifiable bleeding risk factors. Use of the HAS-BLED score to address modifiable bleeding risk factors in all AF patients is recommended. For VKA-treated patients, use of the HAS-BLED score for bleeding risk assessment is recommended. A high HAS-BLED score (3 or more) is rarely a reason to avoid anticoagulation but should warrant more frequent and regular reviews or follow-up.