POEMS syndrome, 498 clinical presentation of, 498 antibody screening for, 10 119-Draznin-Index.indd 722 4/2/2011 8:17:21 PM INDEX 723 indications for, 245 outcome of, 245 prenatal treatment protocol, 245 treatment for, 245 kn own diabetes and, Premature thelarche, 451 Pre-pregnancy counseling, for thyrotoxicosis, 32 \200\2233 Postprandial reactive hypoglycemia (PRH), 520 Preproliferative causes of, 520 de \201ned, 520 investigations for, 520 management of, 521 pathophysiology of, 520 Postural hypotension, and diabetic neuropathy, 625 retinopathy, 606 Previous ulceration, as diabetic foot risk factor, 637 642 \200\2234 after delivery, 643 \200\2234 delivery management, 643 fetal monitoring, 643 glycemic contr ol Prickly pear cactus (Opuntia \201 cus-indica), 578, 579 Primary gonadal failure, 318 Primary Potassium, as ketoacidosis initial treatment, 654 maintenance, 642 monitoring hyperaldosteronism, 171. See also Mineralocorticoid excess Potassium iodide complications, 643 for hyperthyroidism, 27 for thyroid crisis, 28 \200\2239 Potassium perchlorate, for amiodar one-induced thyrotoxicosis, 64 pre-conception management, 642 treatment regimen, 643 treatment regimen for causes of, 172 clinical features of, 171 differential diagnosis of, labor and delivery, 644 pituitary disorders during. See pituitary disorders during pregnanc y postpartum thyroiditis, Potassium 176 \200\2237, 178 supplementation, for primary aldosteronism, 176 adrenal vein sampling, 176 \200\2237, 179 captopril suppression Prader \200\223Willi syndrome, 34 test, 177 CT/MRI scan, 179 dietary sodium loading, 287 \200\2238 pregnant mothers, Prandial glucose regulators, thyroid nodules in, 48 597 prolactinomas in, 176 Pravastatin, for management of, 109 \202 udrocortisone dyslipidemia, 679 in secondary suppression test, 177 Prednisone hyperlipidemias, 676 thyroid cancer during, 77 on thyroid function, 346 thyrotoxicosis in, 31 \200\2234 fetus, management of, radiolabeled for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, 64, 65 iodocholesterol scanning, 179 for anterior pituitary saline infusion test, 176 epidemiology of, 171 medical treatment for, 180 pathophysiology o f, 171 screening of, 174 \200\2235 indications, 174 medication effects on hormone de \201 ciencies, 98, 99 33 \200\2234 for congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 244 Graves \200\231 disease in mother, management of, 32 for corticotrope de \201 ciency, 92 for glucocorticoid Graves \200\231 disease, natural history of, 31 renin and aldosterone measurement, 174 de \201 ciencies, 206, 207 hyperemesis gravidarum, impact on Graves \200\231 31 \200\2232 method, 174 \200\2235 surgery for, 180 ophthalmopathy, 24 for thyroid crisis, 28 \200\2239 pre-pregnancy counseling, 32 \200\2233 Primary hyperlipidemias, Pre-existing signs of, 31 symptoms of, 31 669 hypopituitarism, 358 background of, 669 clinical characterization management of, 359 growth hormone, 359 hydrocortisone, 359 thyroxine, 359 vasopressin, 359 Premature adrenarche and pubarche, 451 \200\2232 Premature ovarian of, 670 familial combined insuf \201 ciency (POI), 257 hyperlipidemia, 672 autoimmune diseases familial defective Pregabalin, for peripheral and, 260 apolipoprotein B-100, 671 sensorimotor neuropathy, 623 causes of, 257, 258 clinical presentation familial dysbetali- Pregnancy of, 260 de \201 ned, 257 epidemiology of, 257 laboratory evaluation poproteinemia, 672 adrenal insuf \201 ciency familial in, 204 hypercholesterolemia, 669 familial in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, management of for, 261 management of, 262 \200\2233 pathogenesis of, 259 prognosis of, 263 hypertriglyceridemia, 671 aims of, 245 complications of, 246 119-Draznin-Index.indd 723 4/2/2011 8:17:22 PM INDEX 724 Psychosexual counseling, etiology/pathogenesis Primary hyperlipidemias for erectile dynfunction, 313 of, 104 (Cont.) polygenic measurements of, 106 in pregnancy, Psychosocial deprivation, hypercholesterolemia, 669 438 management of, 109 PTTG serum, 106 rare familial mixed abnormalities associated with thyroid cancer, 67 Proliferative retinopathy, dyslipidemias, 673 606 rare genetic Proopiomelanocortin hypertriglyceridemias, 671 Primary mutations, associated with pituitary adenomas, 102 (POMC), 83 Propranolol for hyperthyroidism, 22 for management of hyperparathyroidism, 379 Puberty, 447 delayed/absent, 453 causes of, 453 de \201ned, 453 investigations for, 453 \200\2234 manag ement of, 453 growth regulation and, Graves \200\231 disease in mother, 32 diagnosis of, 380 in elderly people, 537 indications for surgery for pheochromocytomas/ paragangliomas, 218, 364 in, 382 \200\2233 management of, 501 Primary hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormone concentrations in, 8. See also Hyperthyroidism Primary hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone concentrations in, 8. See also Hypo thyroidism for subacute thyroiditis, 430 51 \200\2232 normal, 447, 448 precocious, 449 \200\22352 assessment of, 449 central, 450 gonadotropin- for thyroidectomy, 564 for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, 30 Propylthiouracil (PTU) for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, 64, 65 independent, 450 \200\2231 peripheral sex hormone for Graves \200\231 secretion, 451 premature adrenarche and pubarche, 451 \200\2232 premature thelarche, 451 hyperthyroidism, 34 for hyperthyroidism, Progesterone 21, 22 \200\2233 action of, 21 dose and effectiveness for anterior pituitary hormone de \201 ciencies, 99 Pyogenic thyroiditis, 51. See also Thyroiditis of, 21 \200\2232 for growth hormone de \201 ciency, 443 \200\2234 Progesterone-only \200\234mini- pill \200\235 (POP), 645 \200\2236 causes and characteristics for management of of, 49 Pyramidal lobe, 4 Graves \200\231 disease in mother, 32 for maternal Progestin, 275 Progressive Quantitative computed tomography (QCT), for bone density, 371. See also Computed tomography hyperthyroidism, 347 \200\2238 polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEM S). See POEMS syndrome Prolactin, 83, 84, 557 Prolactinoma in pregnancy, for subacute thyroiditis, 51 \200\2232 for thyroid crisis, 28 \200\2239 for toxic multinodular Quantitative ultrasound (QUS), for bone density, 371 goiter, 47 for toxic thyroid nodule, 47 Radiation thyroiditis, Prostatic disease, androgen causes and characteristics of, 49. See also Thyroiditis Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, f or thyroid cancer, 71 \200\2234 Radioiodine therapy therapy for, 298 354 \200\2235 Proteinuria, 612 Proximal motor dopamine agonists on fetus, 354 neuropathy, 622 bromocriptine, 354 cabergoline, 354 management, 354 \200\2235 macroprolactinoma, 354 \200 \2235 microprolactinoma, 354 tumor size, effect of pregnancy on, 354 Pseudo-Cushing \200\231s disease, 116. See also Cushing \200\231s disease for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, 64 for hyperthyroidism, Pseudohypoaldosteronism, 192 Pseudo- 24 \200\2236 hypoparathyroidism, 391, 395 Pseudo pseudo- Prolactinomas, 102, administration of, 25 \200\2236 cancer risk after, 25 caveats, 25 in children, 35 103, 104. See also Hyperprolactinemia clinical features of, 104 epidemiology of, 104 hypoparathyroidism, 392 119-Draznin-Index.indd 724 4/2/2011 8:17:22 PM INDEX 725 Rathke \200\231s cleft cysts (RCC), RET/PTC2 proto-oncogene abnormalities associated with thyroid cancer, 67 clinical guidelines for, 25 contraindications for, 24 hypothyroidism after, 25 indications for, 24 instructions to patients before treatment, 25 132 clinical features of, 132 clinical investigations for, 132 RET/PTC3 TRK proto- computed tomography oncogene for, 88 abnormalities associated with thyroid cancer, 67 outcomes of, 26 side effects of, 25 for nontoxic multinodular epidemiology of, 132 follow-up of, 133 magnetic resonance imaging for, 87, 88 Retinal angiomas, 494 Rickets and osteomalacia, goiter, 47 for nontoxic thyroid 396 nodule, 47 management of, 132 pathology of, 132 abnormal vitamin D metabolism, 397 biochemical \201 ndings and for toxic multinodular goiter, 47 Recombinant human GH for toxic thyroid nodule, (rhGH), 557 47 Radiolabeled Recurrent laryngeal nerve causes of, 398 clinical features of, 396 de \201 ned, 396 diagnosis of, 397 hypophosphatem ia, 401 causes of, 401 treatment, 401 vitamin D de \201 ciency, palsy, 566 iodocholesterol scanning, for primary hyperaldosteronism, 179 Reference intervals, 693 Reifenstein \200\231s syndrome, 335 Renal calculi, inherited, 509 Radionuclide scanning, for thyroid disease, 12, 19 causes of, 509 de \201ned, 509 Dent \200\231s disease, 510 genetic factors associated Radiotherapy. See also 399 \200\223400 causes of, 399 Fanconi syndrome, 400 investigations for, 399 oncogenic oste omalacia, Conventional external beam radiation, for pituitary tumors; Stereotactic radiation therapy, for pituitary tumors with, 510 \200\2231 investigation of, 510 \200\2231 management of, 511 mutational analysis 400 treatment for, 399 X-linked for, 510 for acromegaly, 115 for cancer, 549 for gonadotropinomas, Renal carcinoma, 494. See hypophosphatemia, 400 also Cancer Renal disease, vitamin D resistance, 397 126 endocrinology of, 556 \200\2237 for lymphocytic Rifampicin for Addison \200\231s disease, 204 associated with primary adrenal insuf \201 ciency, 196 \200\2237 hypophysitis, 137 orbital, for Graves \200\231 adrenal, 557 calcitriol, 556 gonadal function, 557 growth hormone and ophthalmopathy, 41 for pheochromocytomas/ paragangliomas, 219 pituitary. See Pituitary Rifampin, in \202 uence on growth retardation, 557 thyroid function tests, 8 Risedronate radiotherapy parathyroid hormone (PTH) and enal osteodystrophy, 556 for primary for osteoporosis, 268 for Paget \200\231s disease, 426 hypogonadism, 291 for prolactinomas, 108 for sarcoidosis, 138 for thyrotropinomas, 129 Risperidon, for prolactin, 557 thyroid, 557 hyperprolactinemia, 105 Rosiglitazone, 598 Rosuvastatin, for Renal osteodystrophy, treatment of, 556 Raloxifene, for osteoporosis, 268, 413 \200\22315, 418 Rare familial mixed dyslipidemia, 679 Renal tubular Russell-Silver syndrome, 442 abnormalities, 190 background, 190 features of, 190 Liddle \200\231s syndrome, 190 Salicylates, in \202 uence on dyslipidemias, 681 thyroid function tests, 8 Rare genetic Saline infusion test, for hypertriglyceridemias, 671 Repaglinide, 597 Replens , for genitourinary primary aldosteronism, 176 ras symptoms, 268 Sarcoidosis, 138, 388 abnormalities associated with thyroid cancer, 67 Reserpine, for clinical features of, 138 clinical investigations hyperprolactinemia, 105 RET/PTC1 proto-oncogene abnormalities associated with thyroid cance r, 67 for, 138 mutations, associated with pituitary adenomas, 102 management of, 138 natural history of, 138 119-Draznin-Index.indd 725 4/2/2011 8:17:22 PM INDEX 726 Schmidt syndrome, 199 Scintiscanning, for thyroid Sex hormone replacement for anterior pituitary gender and reconstructive surgery, assignment of, 337 disease, 11, 12 Scrotal US, for chronic epididymitis, 323 hormone de \201 ciencies, 100 premature ovarian insuf \201 ciency, 262 gonadectomy, 337 hormonal therapy, Secondary gonadal failure, 318 Sex steroids, for 337 \200\2238 Secondary hyperlipidemias, hyperprolactinemia, 107. See also Steroids Sexual differentiation, 455 ambiguous genitalia, psychological support, 674 338 background, 674 causes of, 674 diet, 675 drugs for, 676 true hermaphroditism, 336 clinical features of, 336 evaluation of, 336 pathogenesis, 336 Sexual dysfunction, associat ed with menopause, 266 Sheehan \200\231s syndrome, 359 clinical features of, 359 management of, 359 pathogenesis of, 359 risk factors of, 359 Short stature, 434 \200\2235 assessment of, 434 examination, 434 history, 434 causes of, 435 de \201 ned, 434 genetic factors asso ciated assessment of, 456 disorders of sex Secondary development, 457 \200\2238 hyperparathyroidism, 379 \200\22381 Secondary ambiguous genitalia, management of, 458 46XX DSD, 457 46XY DSD, 457 \200\2238 congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 459 genetic advice, 4 59 hormonal therapy, hyperthyroidism, 36. See also Hyperthyroidism differential diagnosis of, 36 resistance to thyroid hormones, 37 thyroid hormone monitoring of, 461 11B-hydroxylase de \201ciency ( 5%), 49 17A-hydrolxylase de \201ciency, 460 concentrations in, 8 TSH-secreting pituitary tumors, 36 \200\2237 21-hydroxylase Secondary hypothyroidism, de \201ciency, 459 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase de \201ciency, 460 management of, 460 \200\2231 speci \201c investigations thyroid hormone concentrations in, 8. See also Hypothyroidism Secretin stimulation test, fo r gastrinomas, 476 with, 436 investigations for, 434 SIADH due to ectopic vasopressin production, 550 \200\2232 Sick euthyroid syndrome, for, 459 Secretory diarrhea, 15, 542 steroid acute regulatory differential diagnosis of, 481 Sildena \201 l, for autonomic neuropathy, 624 \200\2236 Silent thyroiditis, 51. See protein, 460 de \201ned, 460 normal, 455 gonadal development, Sedentary lifestyle, as coronary heart disease risk factor, 662 Selective estrogen also Thyroiditis Simvastatin, for 455 dyslipidemia, 679 external genitalia, 455 internal genitalia, 455 Sexual differentiation, disorders of, 332 a ndrogen insensitivity syndrome, 335 clinical features, 335 hormonal evaluation, 335 managem ent, 335 pathogenesis, 335 causes of, 334 clinical presentation receptor modulators (SERMs), for osteoporosis, 268 Sitagliptin dose of, 599 side effects of, 599 Skeletal dysplasias, 442 Skeletal radiology, 370 Skin dis ease, 649 \200\22350 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, for hyperprolactinemia, 105 75Se 6B-Selenomethyl-19- common conditions associated with diabetes, 649 conditions associated norcholesterol imaging, for adrenal adenomas Sella turcica, 82 Semen analysis, 322 Seminiferous tubules, 280 Seminomas, 315 Sertraline, in \202 uence on with other biochemical features, 650 of, 332 adulthood, 332 infancy, 332 puberty, 332 evaluation for, 333 hormonal evaluation, 3 33 imaging, 333 management, general principles of, 337 conditions speci \201 c to diabetes, 649 Small for gestational age thyroid function tests, 8 Serum, de \201 ned, 693 Serum potassium test, for Cushing \200\231s disease, 121 (SGA), 442 Smoking as coronary heart disease Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), 15 risk factor, 662 119-Draznin-Index.indd 726 4/2/2011 8:17:22 PM INDEX 727 thyroid hormone for anterior pituitary and macrovascular disease, 627 concentrations in, 8 hormone de \201 ciencies, 98 cover, 206 for Cushing \200\231s syndrome, treatment for, 57 and nephropathy, 615 Subclinical hypothyroidism, Sodium fusidate, in diabetic feet infection control, 639 53. See also Hypothyroidism thyroid hormone 207 subclinical, 184 equivalents, 206 \202 uorinated steroids, for Graves \200\231 dermopathy , 43 Sodium nitroprusside, for pheochromocytoma, 214 concentrations in, 8 Sulfasalazine, for primary hypogonadism, 291 Soft tissue involvement, Sulfonylureas, 594 \200\2235 in Graves \200\231 ophthalmopathy, 40 for hypoglycemia, 657 \200\2238 mode of action, 595 \200\2236 properties of, 595 side effec ts, 596 for glucocorticoid de \201 ciencies long-term, 207 short-term, 206 sex steroids, for Somatostatin analogs for acromegaly, 114, 145 formulations/doses, 145 indications for, 145 issues of, 145 mechan ism of action, 145 side effects of, 145 uses of, 145 for carcinoid tumors, 469 for glucagon omas, 480 for gonadotropinomas, Suppurative thyroiditis, clinical presentation of, 50. See also Thyroiditis hyperprolactinemia, 107 Suramin, for adrenal carcinoma, 186 Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), 579 Surgery. See also Stiff hand syndrome, 650 St john \200\231s wort, in \202 uence on thyroid function tests, 8 Transsphenoidal surgery adrenal. See Adrenalectomy 126 for adrenal carcinoma, 186 for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, 64 for androgen-secreting Strabismus, surgery for, 42 Streptozotocin radiolabeled, 470 for thyrotropinomas, 129 for VIPomas, 482 for carcinoid tumors, 470 for glucagonomas, 480 for somatostatinomas, Somatostatinomas, 484 tumors, 251 for anterior pituitary biochemical investigations 485 for, 485 hormone de \201 ciencies, 98 for VIPomas, 482 clinical features of, 484 de \201ned, 484 treatment for, 485 tumor localization, 485 Stress for decompression of graves \200\231 ophthalmopathy, 42 de \201 ned, 575 endocrine effects of, 576 and endocrine system, Somatotropes, 84 de \201 ciency, 93 basal testing for, 93 stimulation tests for, 93 suppre ssion test for, 93 eyelid, 42 for hyperthyroidism, 26 \200\2237 in children, 35 indications of, 26 \200\2237 p reparation of patients 575 growth hormone axis, 576 hypothalamic \200\223pituitary axis, 576 Soy (Glycine max), 579 Sperm antibodies, 323 Spermatogenesis, for, 27 reproductive axis, 576 thyroid axis, 576 for infertility, 237 intercurrent events, 648 \200\2239 perioperatice Stromal tumors, 315, 314 Strontium ranelate, 413 \200\22315, 418 Struma ovarii, 16 Subacute granulomatous regulation of, 280, 282 Spironolactone management of, 648 \200\2239 preoperative assessment for Liddle \200\231s syndrome, 190 of, 648 for polycystic ovary syndrome, 235 for lymphocytic thyroiditis, 51. See also Thyroiditis hypophysitis, 137 for management of for primary causes and characteristics hyperaldosteronism, 180 for acne, 237 Graves \200\231 disease in mother, 32 of, 49 clinical presentation of, 50 for nontoxic multinodular Subclinical Cushing \200\231s syndrome, 184.S7. See also Cushing \200\231s syndrome Statins, comparative pro \201 le goiter, 47 of, 679 for nontoxic thyroid Stereotactic radiation nodule, 47 therapy, for pituitary tumors, 147. See also Radiotherapy for pheochromocytomas/ paragangliomas, 218 for pituitary tumors, 140 for primary Subclinical hyperthyroidism, 29. See also Hyperthyroidism Steroid acute regulatory protein, 460 hyperaldosteronism, 180 management algorithm Steroids for, 57 anabolic, 287 119-Draznin-Index.indd 727 4/2/2011 8:17:22 PM INDEX 728 Thionamides Surgery (Cont.) Testicular for hyperthyroidism, for strabismus, 42 for toxic multinodular anatomy of, 280 androgen production, regulation of, 281 21, 22 \200\2233 action of, 21 dose and effectiveness goiter, 47 for toxic thyroid nodule, biopsy, 323 function, hormonal of, 21 \200\2232 Thioxanthenes, for 47 for thyroid cancer, 70 for thyrotropinomas, 128 evaluation of, 293 \200\2235 hyperprolactinemia, 105 physiology of, 283 androgen action, 283 estrogen action in males, Synacthen test, for corticotrope de \201 ciency, 91, 92 Thrombocytopenia, 15 Thrombophilia screen, 283 Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH), 158, 159 estrogen metabolism in oral contraceptive pill for, 278 males, 283 causes of, 160 clinical features of, 159 de \201 ned, 159 diagnostic criteria for, testosterone metabolism, Thyroglossal cysts, 4 Thyroglossal \201 stula, 4 Thyroid, 557 283 testosterone transportation, 283 size, 321 \200\2232 spermatogenesis, anatomy of, 2 \200\2233 development, 2 histology, 2 antibody screening 159 treatment for, 160 types of, 159 regulation of, 280, 282 testosterone biosynthesis Syndromes of hormone for, 10 resistance, 569 pathway of, 280 biochemical tests for, 15 computed tomography Systemic illness, associated Testicular trauma, 291 Testicular tumors, 314 classi \201 cation of, 314 epidemiology of, 314 prognosis of, 315 non-seminoma germ cell with secondary hypogonadism, 287 for, 14 endocrine tests for, 15 examimation, 3 atypical clinical situations, T3 Toxicosis, 9 16 thyroid hormone tumors, 315 seminomas, 315 stromal tumors, 315 risk factors of, 314 auscultation, 3 inspection, 3 palpation, 3 percussion, 3 thyroid status, concentrations in, 8 T4-Binding globulin (TBG), 4, 56 circumstances associated Testis, 281 with altered concentration of, 5 development, disorders assessment of, 3 \201 ne needle aspiration cytology for, 14 hematological tests of, 457 Testolactone Tadala \201 l, for diabetic neuropathy, 625 \200\2236 for congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 244 for gynecomastia, 305 Tall stature for, 15 assessment of, 445 \200\2236 examination, 446 history, 445 investigations, 446 causes in ch ildhood, 445 de \201 ned, 445 management of, 446 homeostatic control, Testosterone tests of, 7 for anterior pituitary hormone concentration, hormone de \201 ciencies, 99 tests of, 7 hormone \200\223protein interactions, disordered, 4 physiology of, 4 abnormalit ies of metabolism, 283 therapy, for gonadal function in the elderly, 540 transportation, 283 Testo toxicosis, 451 Tetracycline, for acne, 237 Thelarche variant, 451 Theophylline, for Tamoxifen for gynecomastia, 305 for ovulation induction, development, 4 thyroid hormone, 329 Tangier disease, 673 Tea, 583 99mTechnetium-labeled molecular action of, 5 scintiscanning for, 11 T4-binding globulin, circumstances associated with altered concentra tion of, 5 bisphosphonates, 370 99Technitium pertechnetate scanning, for thyroid disease, 11 pheochromocytoma, 214 Thermal trauma, as diabetic foot risk factor, 637 Tendon xanthoma, 670 Teriparatide, for ultrasound scanning Thiazide diuretic, for osteoporosis, 413 \200\22315, 418 Tertiary for, 13 nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 154. See also Diuretics Thyroid acropachy, 43 Thyroid agenesis, 60 Thyroid-binding globulin hyperparathyroidism, 379 \200\22381 Thiazolidinediones, 598 (TBG), 346 119-Draznin-Index.indd 728 4/2/2011 8:17:22 PM INDEX 729 chronic lymphocytic, 49 de Quervain, 49, 51 \200\2232 drug-induced, 49, 52 Hashimoto \200 \231s, 50, 64 postpartum, 10, 34, 49, 51 pyogenic, 49, 51 radiation, 49 silent, 51 subacute granulomatous, suboptimal treatment Thyroid cancer, 66. See also Cancer risks during pregnancy, 349 normal physiology, 346 effect of pregnancy on thyroid function, 346 fetal thyroid function, 346 postpartum thyroid dysfunction, 350 clinical presentation anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma, 66, 79 in children, 77 classi \201 cation of, 66 epi demiology of, 66 etiology of environmental factors, 67 genetic syndromes and oncogenes, 67 49, 50, 51 \200\2232 suppurative, 50 Thyroid nodules of, 350 differential diagnosis with autonomous function, 18 etiology of, 45 pathology of, 48 in pregnant mothers, 48 treat ment for nontoxic, 47 \200\2238 toxic, 47 of, 350 etiology of, 350 investigations for, 350 management of, 350 prevalence of, 350 prog nosis of, 350 thyroid cancer in pregnancy, 77 Thyroidectomy, 564 irradiation, 67 follicular thyroid carcinoma, 66, 75 lymphoma, 79 medullary thyroid carcinoma, 78 diagnosis of, 78 follow-up of, 78 management of, 78 presentation of, 78 treatment for, 78 p apillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid, 67 \200\2238 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 2, 4, 7, 23, 31 \200\2232, 56, 83, 346, 346 adenoma, 102 in critical illness , 559 -secreting pituitary tumors, 36 \200\2237 Thyrotoxicosis, 15, 17 classi \201 cation of, 18 epidemiology of, 17 etiology of, 17 de \201 ned, 17 factitia, 16 scintiscanning for , 12 due to Graves \200\231 disease, 30 investigation of, 19 due to multinodular complications of, 26 postoperative, 564 preoperative, 564 Thyroid function fetal, 346 pregnancy on, 346 Thyroid function tests (TFTs), 555, 693 papillary thyroid carcinoma, 66 postoperative thyroid hormone therapy for, 70 atypical, 9 in euthyroid patients after amiodarone administration, 62 during pregnancy, 77 radioactive iodine for hyperemesis therapy for, 71 \200\2234 scintiscanning for, 12 surgery for, 70 gravidarum, 31 \200\2232 for hypothyroidism, 19 in \202 uence of drugs on, 8 for primary a drenal insuf \201 ciency, 200 Thyroid crisis (storm), 28 \200\22330 goiter, 30 neonatal, 348 in pregnancy, 31 \200\2234 fetus, management of, clinical signs of, 28 laboratory investigations for subclinical hyperthyroidism, 29 \200\22330 Thyroid hormone dysgenesis, 60 Thyroid hormone for, 28 treatment for, 28 \200\2239 33 \200\2234 Thyroid disorders in AIDS, 547 \200\2238 in elderly people, 542 abnormal thyroid Graves \200\231 disease in the mother, management of, 32 replacement, for anterior pituitary hormone de \201 ciencies, 100 Graves \200\231 disease, natural function tests, 542 glucose homeostasis, 543 goiter, 542 hyperthyroidism, 542 \200\2233 hyp othyroidism, 542 thyroid cancer, 543 maternal hyperthyroidism, history of, 31 hyperemesis gravidarum, Thyroid hormone 31 \200\2232 resistance (RTH), 7, 8, 9, 37 postpartum thyroiditis, 34 pre-pregnancy generalized, 36, 37 pituitary, 36, 37 counseling, 32 \200\2233 signs of, 31 symptoms of, 31 uncontrolled, 348 Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) 347 \200\2239 causes of, 349 incidence of, 347 \200\2238 maternal hypothyroidism causes of, 349 management for, 349 positive thyroid Thyroid in \202 ammation, 18 Thyroiditis, 49 atrophic, 50 causes and characteristics of, 49 clinica manifestations chronic autoimmune, 50 chronic \201 brosing of, 30 etiology of, 30 treatment for, 30 antibodies, 349 prevalence of, 349 (Riedel \200\231s), 49, 50, 51 119-Draznin-Index.indd 729 4/2/2011 8:17:22 PM INDEX 730 management of, 443 \200\2234 in adults, 258 Type 1 diabetes indications for, 140 for macroadenoma, 103 perioperative Thyrotropes, 84 de \201 ciency basal testing for, 89 dynamic testing for, 89 genetics of, 590 pathogenesis of, 632 management of, 141 preoperative assessment Thyrotropinomas, 128 Type 2 diabetes of, 561 \200\2232 clinical features of, 128 clinical investigations associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, 230 preoperative management of, 140 \200\2231 for, 128 genetics of, 591 \200\2232 pathogenesis of, 632 Type A personality, as postoperative assessment differential diagnosis of, 562 \200\2233 postoperative of, 128 epidemiology of, 128 medical therapies for, 129 surgery for, 128 coronary heart disease risk factor, 662 glucocorticoid management of, 562 \200\2233 postoperative Thyrotropin-releasing Ultrasound (US) imaging. management of, 142 for prolactinomas, 108 for Rathke \200\231s cleft cysts, hormone (TRH), 2, 4, 7, 346 Thyroxine, 359 Tiludronate, for Paget \200\231s of adrenal adenomas, 168 of thyroid disease, 13 Unexplained infertility, 325. 132 See also Infertility Transthyretin (TTR), 4 Transvaginal ultrasonic disease, 426 de \201 ned, 325 management of, 325 \200\2237 results of, 327 Total alkaline phosphatase, imaging 369 \200\22370 for amenorrhea, 255 for polycystic ovary syndrome, 232 for premature ovarian insuf \201 ci ency, 261 Traumatic brain injury Total parathyroidectomy, calcium management following, 566 Unilateral adrenalectomy, for adrenal adenoma, 184. See also Adrenalectomy Toxic nodule, scintiscanning for, 12 Urinary bacteriology, 323 Urinary hydroxyproline, Trace elements, 582 Transfrontal craniotomy, for pituitary tumors, 143 (TBI), 95 369 Tretinoin, for acne, 237 Triamterene, for primary hyperaldosteronism, 180 Urinary symptoms associated with complications of, 143 indications for, 143 perioperative menopause, 266 effect of hormone Tricyclic antidepressants replacement therapy on, 268 (TCAs) management of, 143 for hyperprolactinemia, Transsexualism, 339 Urine excretion, 374 of calcium, 374 of phosphate, 374 105 de \201 ned, 339 epidemiology of, 339 etiology of, 339 maintenance hormone for pheochromocytoma, 214 \200\22315, Troglitazone, 598 Uterine \201 broids, effect of hormone replacement therapy in, 271 for polycystic ovary syndrome, 234 Trophoblast tumors, 16 Tropicamide, for diabetic regimens in treatment of, 341 management of, 340 gender reassignment surgery, 342 Vacuum device, 312 Vaginal atrophy, 269 Vanadium, 579 Vanillylmandelic eye disease, 607 Trousseau \200\231s sign, 391 \200\2232 True hermaphroditism, 336 clinical features of, 336 evaluation of, 336 pathogenesis of, 336 hormonal manipulation, 340 \200\2232 acid (VMA), for pheochromocytoma, 214 \200\22315 prognosis, 342 \200\2233 standards of care, 340 therapy, monitoring Vardena \201 l, for diabetic neuropathy, 625 \200\2236 Varicocele, for idiopathic semen ab normalities, 325 T score, 372 Tubal disorders, 317 Tubal infertility, 324 Tubal patency, assessing, of, 342 Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS), 140 \200\2232, 561. See also Surgery 321 for acromegaly, 114 preoperative Vascular hemorrhage, Tumor markers, 697 Tumor size, effect of pregnancy on, 354 Turner \200\231s syndrome, 258, associated with primary adrenal insuf \201 ciency, 196 \200\2237 somatostatin analog treatment, role of, 114 Vasoactive intestinal 442 \200\2234 complications of, 141 \200\2232 for Cushing \200\231s disease, 122 for gonadotropinomas, polypeptide (VIP), 481 antibody screening for, 10 clinical features of, 443 follow-up for, 258 Vasomotor symptoms, treatment for, 268 126 119-Draznin-Index.indd 730 4/2/2011 8:17:23 PM INDEX 731 for craniopharyngiomas, Water deprivation test, for diabetes insipidus, 153 Vasopressin. See also 131 Arginine vasopressin for gonadotropinomas, caveats for, 155 Watery diarrhea, and Antidiuretic hormone, 535 for management 126 Visual impairment, associated with pituitary radiotherapy, 150 hypokalemia, and acidosis (WDHA), 481 of pre-existing hypopituitarism during pregnancy, 359 Weight loss effect on obesity, 530 effect on polycystic ovary 1,25(OH) vitamin D (,(OH) D), 375 Vitamin D analogs syndrome, 234 for syndrome of Wild yam, 583 Wolf \201 an structures, 336 Women inappropriate ADH, 160 in acute hypocalcemia, 566 Venlafaxine, for vasomotor for osteoporosis, 582 Vitamin D de \201 ciency, 391 \200\2232, 399 \200\223400 hyperinsulinemia in, 229 with premature ovarian insuf \201 ciency, annual assessment of, 2 61 regulation of androgen production in, 223 WOSCOPS (West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study), 629 \200\2233 symptoms, 268 Venous sampling for adrenal adenomas, 169 causes of, 399 in elderly people, 537 Fanconi syndrome, 400 investigations for, 399 oncogen ic osteomalacia, for pheochromocytoma, 217 for primary hyperaldosteronism, 176 \200\2237, 179 400 Venous thromboembolism treatment for, 399 X-linked (DVT) effect of hormone hypophosphatemia, 400 Xanthomatous replacement therapy in, 270 hypophysitis, 136 Vitamin D \200\223dependent rickets type II, 397 Vitamin D intoxication, 387 Vitamin D meta bolism, abnormal, 397 X-linked oral contraceptive pill hypophosphatemia, 400 for, 277 Verapamil, for XX males, 290 XX/X0 (mixed gonadal dysgenesis), 29 hyperprolactinemia, 105 Very low \200\223density Vitamin D resistance, 397 Vitiligo, antibody screening XY gonadal dysgenesis, 457 XYY syndrome, 290 lipoproteins (VLDLs), 660 for, 10 Vildagliptin, 599 Vinblastine, for Langerhans \200\231 cell histiocytosis, 139 Von Hippel \200\223Lindau (VHL) syndrome, 211, 217, 492 Yasmin , 275 Y chromosome Vincristine, for clinical features of, 494 de \201ned, 492 \200\2233 genetic factors associated microdeletions, 290 YDOTA octreotide, 470 pheochromocytomas/ paragangliomas, 219 VIPomas, 481 with, 493 prognosis of, 495 surveillance in, 495 testing for, 494 von Recklinghausen diseas e, 489 ZAC mutations, associated biochemical investigations with pituitary adenomas, 102 for, 482 clinical presentation Zoledronic acid, for Paget \200\231s of, 481 de \201ned, 481 treatment for, 482 tumor localization, 482 Visual \201 elds asse ssment disease, 426 Zollinger \200\223Ellison (gastrinoma) syndrome, 475 Z score, 372 Waist circumference, 523 Wasting syndrome, 544 \200\2235 119-Draznin-Index.indd 731 4/2/2011 8:17:23 PM