What are the recommendations for diagnosis of CIED infection and associated complications?
The recommendations for diagnosis of CIED infection and associated complications are to obtain at least two sets of blood cultures drawn at the initial evaluation before prompt initiation of antimicrobial therapy for CIED infection, obtain generator-pocket tissue Gram stain and culture and lead-tip culture when the CIED is explanted, and obtain echocardiogram, chest radiography, and computed tomography imaging of the pocket if a device infection is suspected.