As per ASTRO 2021 guidelines: Obtain rectal protocol MRI and abdominopelvic CT and perform proctoscopy/sigmoidoscopy with DRE 2-3 months after completion of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy to assess treatment response in patients with RC planned for nonoperative management. B Obtain surveillance with the following tests in patients with RC undergoing nonoperative management or local excision: Situation Guidance Every 3 months for the first 2 years, then every 6-12 months thereafter Proctoscopy/sigmoidoscopy with DRE Every 3-6 months for the first 2 years, then every 6-12 months thereafter Rectal protocol MRI Every 6-12 months for the first 2 years, then every 12 months thereafter. B Cross-sectional imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis As per ESMO 2017 guidelines, obtain clinical assessment, pelvic imaging with MRI and/or CT, thoraco-abdominopelvic CT for distant metastases, and perform completion colonoscopy during follow-up evaluation of patients with RC. B Show 2 more As per USMSTF 2016 guidelines, perform high-quality perioperative clearing with colonoscopy in patients with coloRC, in order to detect synchronous cancer and detect and completely resect precancerous polyps. Perform it preoperatively or within a 3-6-month interval after surgery in patients with obstructive coloRC. B Show 4 more As per ASCRS 2015 guidelines, consider obtaining surveillance after resection with curative intent in selected patients with stage I RC with increased risk factors. C Show 7 more References 1. R Glynne-Jones, L Wyrwicz, E Tiret et al. Rectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017 Jul 1;28(suppl_4):iv22-iv40. Open 2. US Preventive Services Task Force, Karina W Davidson, Michael J Barry et al. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021 May 18;325 19 1965 1977. 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