http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/ Pediatric Transplantation Journal of the International Pediatric Transplant Association: Clinical Nephrology http://www.clinnephrol.com http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal. asp?ref=1397-3142&site=1 Clinical Transplantation http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal. asp?ref=0902-0063 Peritoneal Dialysis International Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialy sis: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension http://www.co-nephrologyandhypertension.com http://www.pdiconnect.com/ Renal Failure http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title db=all content=t713597293 tab=issuesl ist Experimental and Clinical Transplantation http://www.ectrx.org/ Hypertension, Dialysis and Clinical Nephrology An of \201 cial educational program of the Renal Physicians Association and American Society of Nephrology: Seminars in Nephrology http://www.seminarsinnephrology.org/ Seminars in Dialysis http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal. asp?ref=0894-0959&site=1 http://www.hdcn.com/ Journal of Nephrology Journal of the Italian Society of Nephrology: Journal of Renovascular Disease http://www.journalrenovasculardisease.com http://www.jnephrol.com/index.asp?a= current Journal of the American Society of Nephrology http://jasn.asnjournals.org/ Transplantation Journal of the Transplantation Society: http://www.transplantjournal.com/ APPENDIX 728 Professional societies American Society for Arti \201 cial Organs http://www.asaio.com/ European Kidney Health Alliance http://www.ekha.eu/ American Society of Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology http://www.asdin.org/ European Society for Organ Transplantation http://www.esot.org/ International Pediatric Transplant Association http://www.iptaonline.org/ American Society of Nephrology http://www.asn-online.org/ International Society for Hemodialysis http://www.ishd.net/ American Society of Pediatric Nephrology http://www.aspneph.com/ International Society of Blood Puri \201 cation http://www.isbp.org American Society of Transplantation http://www.a-s-t.org/ International Society of Nephrology http://www.nature.com/isn/index.html Asian Paci \201 c Society of Nephrology http://www.apsneph.org/ International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis http://www.ispd.org/ Association of Renal Technologists (UK) http://www.artery.org.uk/site/ART/home International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism http://www.renalnutrition.com/ Australia and New Zealand Society of Nephrlology http://www.nephrology.edu.au/ National Kidney Foundation (US) http://www.kidney.org/ British Association for Pediatric Nephrology http://www.bapn.org/ Renal Association, UK http://www.renal.org/pages/ British Renal Society http://www.britishrenal.org/ Renal Pathology Society http://www.renalpathsoc.org/ British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics http://www.bshi.org.uk/ Renal Physicians Association (US) http://www.renalmd.org/ British Transplantation Society http://www.bts.org.uk/ The Transplantation Society http://www.transplantation-soc.org/ Canadian Society of Nephrology http://www.csnscn.ca/ UK Transplant http://www.uktransplant.org.uk/ Commission for the Global Advancement of Nephrology http://www.nature.com/isn/society/outre ach/ index.html Vascular Access Society (UK) http://www.vascularaccesssociety.com/ European Renal Association \200\223 European Dialysis and Transplant Association http://ww w.era-edta.org/ 729 APPENDIX Clinical practice guidelines and renal registries ANZDATA Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry http://www.anzdata.org.a u/ANZOD International Federation of Renal Registries http://www.ifrr.net/ Israel Penn Transplant Tumor Registry: http://www.ipittr.uc.edu/Home.cfm Australian and New Zealand Organ Donation Registry http://www.anzdata.org.au/anzod/anzodwel come.htm K/DOQI Guidelines (USA) Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative http://www.kidney.org/pr ofessionals/kdoqi/ index.cfm British Transplantation Society Guidelines http://www.bts.org.uk/standards.htm Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) http://www.kdigo.org/ CARI Guidelines (Australian) http://www.cari.org.au/ Canadian Registry http://secure.cihi.ca/cihiweb/splash.html Renal Association (UK) Clinical Practice Guidelines http://www.renal.org/pages/pages/clinic al- affairs/guidelines.php Canadian Society of Nephrology Guidelines http://www.csnscn.ca/english/professional %20prac tice/programs/default.asp?s=1 Scottish Renal Registry http://www.srr.scot.nhs.uk/ Collaborative Transplant Study http://www.ctstransplant.org/ UK Renal Registry http://www.renalreg.com/ Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study D.O.P.P.S Study http://www.dopps.org/ United States Renal Data System http://www.usrds.org/ European Renal Registry http://www.era-edta-reg.org/index.jsp United States Transplant Registry http://www.ustransplant.org Eurotransplant http://www.transplant.org/ Guidelines of the European Best Practice Group of the ERA \200\223EDTA http://www.ndt-educa tional.org/ APPENDIX 730 Information resources for professionals Atlas of Diseases of the Kidney http://www.kidneyatlas.org/ Kidney School http://www.kidneyschool.org/ Calculation tools for nephrologists Dialysis adequacy tools http://www.kt-v.net/ Family Practice Notebook http://www.fpnotebook.com/REN.htm Medmark http://www.medmark.org/neph/nep2.html http://www.hdcn.com/calcf/dzer.htm eGFR calculator http://www.renal.org/eGFRcalc/GFR.pl National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence http://www.nice.org.uk Renal SI Conversion Center http://nephron.com/cgi-bin/SI.cgi National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (US) http://www.niddk.nih.gov/ index.htm Cochrane Renal Group http://www.cochrane-renal.org/ CyberNephrology http://www.kidney.org/professionals/cyber/ index.cfm# NDT Educational http://www.ndt-educational.org/Nephrology Nephrology Rounds http://www.nephrologyrounds.org East Midlands Renal Network http://www.eastmidlandsrenalnetwork.org.uk/ Nephron Information Center http://nephron.com/ EdREN, the website of the Renal Unit at the Royal In \201 rmary of Edinburgh www.edren.org NephrOnline http://www.nephronline.org/ European Uraemic Toxin (EUTox) work group of the European Society of Arti \201 cial Organs http://www.uremic-toxins.org/ PREVEND Study (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease) http://www.prevend.org/ Great Ormond Street Hospital http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/clinical_information/ RenalNet http://www.renalnet.org/ Kidney Disease Quality of Life Working Group http://www.gim.med.ucla.edu/kdqol/ Renal Resource Center http://www.renalresource.com/ Kidney Health Australia http://www.kidney.org.au/ RenalWEB http://www.renalweb.com/ Kidney & Urologic Disease Dictionary Index http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/a-z.asp UKidney \200\223Internet School of Nephrology http://ukidney.com/ 731 APPENDIX Information resources for patients and carers Associations American Association of Kidney Patients http://www.aakp.org/ The Kidney Patient Guide http://www.kidneypatientguide.org.uk/ The Kidney School http://www.kidneyschool.org/ British Organ Donor Society http://body.orpheusweb.co.uk/index.html National Kidney Disease Education Program http://www.nkdep.nih.gov/ Diabetes UK http://www.diabetes.org.uk/ Transplantation Living Kidney Donors \200\231 Experiences http://www.transweb.org/people/li ve_don.htm European Kidney Health Alliance http://www.ekha.eu/ European Kidney Patients Federation http://www.ceapir.org/HP/ Transplants in Mind http://www.transplantsinmind.org.uk/ European Transplant and Dialysis Sport Federation http://www.etdsf.org/ TransWeb http://www.transweb.org/ The Transplant Support Network http://www.transplantsuppo rtnetwork.org.uk/ International Federation of Kidney Foundations http://www.ifkf.net/ National Kidney Federation (US) http://www.kidney.org/patients/ Travel and dialysis Bulgarian holiday dialysis units http://www.dialysisbulgaria.com/ Scottish Kidney Federation http://scotskidneyfederation.org/ Cyprus holiday dialysis unit http://www.cyprodial.com.cy/ The British Kidney Patients Association http://www.britishkidney-pa.co.uk/ Dialysis at sea http://www.dialysisatsea.com/ The Kidney Alliance http://www.kidneyalliance.org.uk/ Eurodial http://www.eurodial.org/index.html UK National Kidney Federation http://www.kidney.org.uk/ Fresenius holiday dialysis http://www.hditravel.com/hdi/index.html World Transplant Games Federation http://www.wtgf.org/ Global holiday dialysis facilities http://www.globaldialysis.com/ Understanding kidney disease How Your Kidneys Work http://www.howstuffworks.com/kidney.htm NKF (UK) holiday Pages http://www.kidney.org.uk/holidays/index.html Kidney directions http://www.kidneydirections.com Renal recipes List of cookbooks for renal patients http://www.kidney.org/professionals/CRN/ cook- books.cfm Kidney disease community http://www.ikidney.com/ Culinary Kidney Cooks http://www.culinarykidneycooks.com Kidney diseases in childhood http://www.kidshealth.com/parent/medical/kidney/ kidney_diseas es_childhood.html DaVita (US) http://www.davita.com/recipes/ Nephcure http://www.nephcure.org RenalInfo http://www.kidneydirections.com/ APPENDIX 732 Patient counseling tools Clinical presentations Hematuria http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Haematuria%20. pdf Diabetic nephropathy http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Diabetic%20 Nephropathy.pdf http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749996.pdf http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749395.pdf http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831750033.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ HaematuriaLong.html http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ Diabetic_nephLong.html Proteinuria http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ ProteinuriaLong.html Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Glomeruloscle rosis %20FSGS.pdf Nephrotic syndrome http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Nephrotic%20 Syndrome.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ FSGSLong2.html Goodpasture \200\231s disease http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ GoodpastureSh ort.html http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749357.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ NephroticShort.html Hemolytic uremic syndrome http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749680.pdf High blood pressure h t t p : / / w w w . e m r n . o r g . u k / d o c u m e n t s / High% 20Blood%20Pressure.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ HUS.Long.html http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749651.pdf IgA nephropathy http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/ IgANephropathy.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ BPshort.html http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ IgALong.html http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ malighypert.html Lupus and the kidney http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ LupusNonRen.html Investigations Blood and urine tests http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831748650.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ LupusLong.html http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ kidneytests.html Membranous nephropathy http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749420.pdf Kidney biopsy http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Kidney%20 Biopsy.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ Membranous.Long.html http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749487.pdf Minimal change nephropathy http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Minimal%20 Change%20nephropathy .pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ RenalBiopsyShort.html http://www.kidney.org.uk/Medical-Info/kidney- disease/biopsy.html http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ MinChangeShort.html Kidney transplant biopsy http://www.kidney.org.uk/Medical-Info/kidney- disease/biopsy-trans plant-kidney.html Scleroderma and the kidney http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ Scleroderma.html Renal angiogram http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Kidney%20Rena l%20Angiogram.pdf Vasculitis http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831748943.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ VasculitisLong.html http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ angioshort.html Other kidney diseases Interstitial nephritis http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749588.pdf Glomerular disease Alport syndrome http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ AlportLo ng.html http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ Interstitial.html Crescentic nephritis http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ CrescenticShort.html Kidney stones http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749458.pdf 733 APPENDIX Renal diets http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749262.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ KidStonesLong.html http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ Diet_CRF.html Loin pain hematuria syndrome http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ Loin_painLong. html Sex and renal failure http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749088.pdf Polycystic kidney disease http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749214.pdf Procedures Dialysis line insertion http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749713.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ PCKDShort.html Renal artery stenosis http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Renal%20Arter y%20Stenosis%20RAS.pdf http://www.kidney.org.uk/Medical-Info/ haemodialysis/dialysis-line-insertion.html Formation of a \201 stula http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749116.pdf http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749811.pdf Inde http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ RAS.html Peritoneal catheter insertion http://www.kidney.org.uk/Medical-Info/pd/ pdcatheter.html Re \202 ux nephropathy http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749155.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ reflux.html Dialysis General h t t p : / / r e n u x . d m e d . e d . a c . u k / E d R E N / EdRenINF Obits/Dialysis_ESRFLong.html Renal tract obstruction http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ Obstruction.html Hemodialysis http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749776.pdf Urinary tract infections http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ urineinfs.html http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ HDShort.html Drugs in renal disease Immunosuppressive drugs in renal disease http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/ EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ ISdrugs.html Home hemodialysis http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749739.pdf Infections and hemodialysis http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749620.pdf Over-the-counter medications http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749328.pdf Peritoneal dialysis http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749963.pdf Chronic kidney disease, its complications and treatment General http://www.emrn.org.uk/docu ments/Patient%20 information%20Chronic%20Kidney%20Disease.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ PDShort.htm Transplantation General http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749056.pdf http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/RCP%20CKD%20 patient%20info%20Leaflet.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ TransplantShort.html http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Kidney%20Care %20modernisation%20initiative.pdf http://www.kidney.org.uk/Medical-Info/trans- plant.html http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Kidney%20 Disease%20Leaflet%201006.pdf Living kidney donation http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749838.pdf http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749901.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ CRFLong.html http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749870.pdf Pancreas transplantation http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749292.pdf Intravenous iron http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749561.pdf Conservative management of kidney failure http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749932.pdf Kidney disease and pregnancy http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Kidney%20Dise ase%20&%20Pregn ancy.pdf http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ NoRRTshort.html http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749183.pdf Pediatric nephrology Acute kidney injury http://www.ich.ucl.ac.uk/factsheets/families/ F060 416/ http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/ PregnancyLong.htmf Renal anemia http://www.emrn.org.uk/documents/Renal%20 Anemia.pdf APPENDIX 734 Chronic kidney disease http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/crf/index.html Renal transplants in children http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749024.pdf http://www.ich.ucl.ac.uk/factsheets/families/ F060426/ http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/transplant/ http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F070146/index.html Dialysis access http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F060406/index.html Urinary tract infections and re \202 ux in children http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831748977 .pdf http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F000297/index.html http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/uti/index.html http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F050192/index.html http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F060405/index.html Investigations General http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/crf_tests/ page01.html Hemodialysis in children http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831748699.pdf http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F040280/index.html DMSA scan http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/dmsa_scan/ page01.html Hemolytic uremic syndrome http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/hus/ http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F060408/index.html Ultrasound scan http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/us_scan/page01. html http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F060409/index.html http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F010093/index.html HSP and IgA nephropathy http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F050244/index.html Mag 3 scan http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/mag3_scan/ page01.html http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F060415/index.html Micturating cystourethrogram http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/mict_cyst/mict_ cyst.html Medications http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/medication/ Nephritis http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/nephritis/ nephritis.html Renal biopsy http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/biopsy/ http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/factsheets/families/ F990377/index.html Nephrotic syndrome http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/neph_syn/index. html Vasculitis http://www.ich.ucl.ac.uk/factsheets/families/ F040127/ Other useful information sheets are also available at : Multicystic dysplastic kidney http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/mcdk/ Renal tract problems detected antenatally http://www.bjrm.co.uk/ext/200831749521.pdf http://www.ich.ucl.ac.uk/gosh/clinicalser- vices/Nephrology/InformationforFamilies http://www.kidney.org.uk/kids/ultrasound/ index.html 735 APPENDIX Biochemistry conversion table Parameter SI to conventional unit conversion factor Bilirubin mol/l to mg/dl 17 Calcium mmol/l to mg/dl x 4 Carbon dioxide kP to mmHg x 7.5 Cholesterol mmol/l to mg/dl x 38.7 Creatinine mol/l to mg/dl 88 Glucose mmol/l to mg/dl x 18 Magnesium mmol/l to mg/dl x 2.4 Oxalate mol/l to mg/dl 11 Oxygen kP to mmHg x 7.5 Phosphate mmol/l to mg/dl x 3.1 Potassium mmol/l to meq/l x 1 Sodium mmol/l to meq/l x 1 Triglyceride mmol/l to mg/dl x 88.6 Urea / blood urea nitrogen mmol/l to mg/dl x 2.82 Uric acid mol/l to mg/dl 59.5 This page intentionally left blank 737737 Index Please note that page references to Figures or Tables are in italic print adefovir dipivoxil 423, 701 adenine phosphoribosyltransferase glomerular injury 340 glomerulonephritis 340 \200\223343, 341, 355 hemodynamic 385 hemolyti c uremic syndrome 348 \200\223350 hemoperfusion treatment of acute AA amyloidosis 150, 153 \200\223156 -Actinin 4 (protein) 92 AAN (aristolochic acid nephro pathy) 240 \200\223241 abciximab 534 abdomen, general examination 6 abdominal compartment s yndrome 324 abortion, septic 379 abscesses, renal and perinephric 250 acanthocytes, urine m icroscopy 10 ACEIs (angiotensin-converting enzyme (APRT) de \201 ciency 638 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis 56 ADH (antidiuretic hormone) 42 adipokines 400 ADQI (Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative) 318 adrenal hormones 399 AEGN (acute endocapillary poisoning 336 \200\223337 hepatorenal syndrome 352 \200\223355 hyperkalemia 325, 373 hypertension 374 hypocalcemia 37 3 hyponatremia 373 IgA nephropathy 102 in infants 372 \200\223376 infection-related 366 \200\223369 intrinsic renal 321 in children 372 in elderly patients 385 in pregnancy 378 glomerulonephritis) 116 \200\223118 affective disorders 455 -Gal A gene mutation 620 inhibitors) Alport \200\231s syndrome 610 chronic kidney disease 395 hypertension 289 recommendations f or use 695 scleroderma-systemic sclerosis 186 acetazolamide, nephrocalcinosis 278 acetoacet ate, dipstick testing 9 acetone, dipstick testing 9 aciclovir 701 acid-base balance recombinant 621 age factors childhood see children donors, renal transplants 577 old age see elderly patients recipient s of transplants 578 AGEs (advanced glycation end-products) 145 AH1 mutations 604 AIN (acute tubulointerstitial nephritis) 228 \200\223229, investigations see under investigations ischemic 356 \200\223359 liver transplantation 354 \200\223355 mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis 355 microbiology 341, 344 minimal change d isease 86 neonatal 375 \200\223376 nephrotic syndrome 82, 340 \200\223343 novel biomarkers 322 NSAIDs 228 pigment-induced 362 \200\223364 plant toxins 370 post-renal 320, 321 in chil dren 372 in elderly patients 385 in pregnancy 378 in pregnancy 378 \200\223383 pre-renal 32 0 344 \200\223346 air embolism 501 AKI see acute kidney injury (AKI) AL amyloidosis (monoclon al lg light see also metabolic acidosis calculations 720 \200\223721 in children 464 disorders 65 in el derly patients 18 \201 ltered bicarbonate, reclamation 64 hydrogen ions, excretion 64 \200\22365 kidneys, role 64 \200\22365 in newborn infant 16 respiratory system, role 64 ske letal disorders 432 chains) 150 \200\223153 plasma cell dyscrasias 159 \200\223160, 161 Alagille syndrome 640 albumin dialysis 334, 336 albuminuria 412 alcoholic ketoacidosis 69 a ldosterone 415 alkali, exogenous 70 alkali therapy acidosis acute kidney injury 373 correction 508, 525 metabolic see metabolic acidosis in pRTA 211 re nal tubular see RTA (renal tubular acidosis) respiratory see respiratory acidosis uremic 67 cystinuria 202 distal RTA 210 proximal RTA 211 in children 372 in elderly patients 385 in pregnancy 378 alkaline phosphatase 433 alkalosis chloride-resistant 70 \200\22371 chloride-responsive 70, 71 in hypokalemia 46 metabolic see metabolic alkalosis respiratory see respiratory alkalosis prognosis 326 radiology see radiology, acute kidney injury renal artery occlusion 356 renal biopsy see under renal biopsy renal replacement therapies 328 \200\223334, 381, ACR (albumin:creatinine ratio) 9, 76 activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 181 acute abdomen 419 acute bacterial prostatitis 249 acute coronary syndromes, mana gement 534 Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) 318 acute endocapillary glomerulonephri tis 386, 500 reversal of 324 sickle cell nephropathy 193 spot investigations 321 temporal arter y biopsy 342 thromboembolic 356 toxins and chemicals 369 \200\223370 in tropics 366 \200 \223370 tubulointerstitial 340 urethral obstruction 386 urinalysis 341, 344, 353, 357 urina ry electrolytes 321 \200\223322 vascular 340 vasculitis, associated with 340 volume assessm ent 318 alkylating agents 89, 114, 155 allergic rhinitis 170 allografts see grafts allopurinol acute uric acid nephropathy 232 \200\223233 recommendations for use 695 tumor lysis syndrom e 197 uric acid nephrolithiasis 234 (AEGN) 116 \200\223118 acute fatty liver of pregnancy 379 acute graft dysfunction 558 acute interstitial nephritis acute kidney injury 346 drug-induced 699, 700 in pregnancy 381 Alport \200\231s syndrome 608 \200\223612, 609, 611 eye symptoms 6 Goodpasture \200\231s disease 126 and thin membrane nephropathy 606 acute kidney injury (AKI) 3 Alstr m syndrome 602 aluminum hydroxide 433 amiloride, hypomagnesemia 62 amino acids 17, 5 09 aminoaciduria 201 \200\223203 aminoglycosides 17, 248, 699 \200\223700 amoxicillin 248 a mphotericins 266, 278, 700 amyloid and immunotactoid glomerulopathy acute tubulointerstitial nephritis 344 \200\223346 atheroembolic 356 atherosclerotic renova scular disease 294, acute lead nephropathy 236 \200\223237 acute nephrotic syndrome 3, 138 \200\223139 356 blood tests see blood tests, acute kidney see also nephrotic syndrome injury causes 319 in children 372 \200\223376 clinical approach to 318 \200\223327 complica tions 325 diabetics, prevention in 472 dialysis 336 \200\223337 dietary factors 325, 374 dr ug treatment 374 drug-induced disorders 345, 701 \200\223702 in elderly patients 384 \200 \223387 \202 uid management 373, 386 genetic defects 318 acute renal ischemia 27 acute symptomatic hypercalcemia 54 acute symptomatic hypernatremia 45 acute symptomatic hypocalcemia 53 acute symptomatic hyponatremia 43 acute tubular necros is (ATN) see ATN see also amyloidosis AA amyloidosis 150, 153 \200\223155 hereditary amyloidosis 155 \200 \223156 immunoglobulin-associated (acute tubular necrosis) glomerulopathies 150 \200\223153 acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (AIN) 228 \200\223229, 344 \200\223346 amyloid \201 brils 436 amyloidosis acute ureteric colic 275 acute uric acid nephropathy 232 ADAMTS13, autoantibodies against 3 9 see also amyloid and immunotactoid glomerulopathy INDEX 738 asthma 170 ASTRAL trial, renovascular disease 297, 410 asymptomatic hypomagnesemia 62 asymp tomatic hyponatremia 43 asymptomatic proteinuria 4 atenolol, malignant hypertension 302 ATG (antithymocyte globulin) 560, 563 atheroembolism 358 \200\223359 atherosclerotic renovascu lar disease see ARVD membranous nephropathy 109, 114 in pregnancy 449 prophylactic 83 \200\22384 renal impairmen t 447 \200\223448 therapeutic 84 anticonvulsants 695 anticytokine therapy, AA amyloidosis 1 55 antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 42 anti-DNA antibodies 39 antiepileptic drugs 52 anti-GBM dis ease 122 amyloidosis (cont.) AA amyloidosis 150, 153 \200\223155 AL amyloidosis see AL amyloidosis (monoclonal lg light chains) -2 microglobulin, in CKD 436 \200\223438, 439 de \201 nitions 150 dialysis-related 502 e thnic background of patient 5 leprosy and renal disease 258, 259 malignancy-associated 136 para-neoplastic conditions and kidney 197 renal biopsy indications 32 (atherosclerotic renovascular disease) ATN (acute tubular necrosis) acute kidney injury 385 in children 376 pre-eclampsia 379 rena l failure 189 in transplants 557 post-transplantation 126, 610 anti-glomerular basement antibodies 39 antiglomerular basement membrane analgesia see also aspirin; NSAIDs (non-steroidal (Goodpasture \200\231s) disease 32, 124 \200\223127, 572 anti-in \202 ammatory drugs) -2 microglobulin amyloidosis, in CKD 437 drug-induced disorders 700 medical management 53 6 recommendations for 694 stones 275 antimicrobials 693 \200\223694 see also speci \201 c drugs ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthesis 56 auscultation 5, 6 autoantibodies antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) see ANCAs (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) see also antibodies ADAMTS13, against 39 cryoglobulinemia 178 scleroderma-systemic sclerosi s 186 systemic lupus erythematosus 180 antinuclear antibodies, systemic lupus ANCAs (antineutrophil cytoplasmic erythematosus 181 antibodies) 39 antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) 39, 181 antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) 184 \200\223185, 292 antiplatelet agents 114, 289, 448 \200\223449 antiretroviral therapy 701 antithymocyte globulin (ATG) 560, 563 antiviral therapy 179, 694 anti-Xa assays 447, 448 anuria 2, 376 an xiety disorders 455 \200\223456, 539 \200\223540 APD (automated peritoneal dialysis) 465, 5 08, malignancy-associated glomerular disease 135 autogenous arteriovenous \201 stula systemic lupus erythematosus 181 vasculitis 168 \200\223173, 572 (AVF) 488, 489 automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) 465, anemia 508, 523 cardiovascular risk factors 412 \200\223413 causes 427 in children 464 in chronic kidney di sease 426 concurrent disease 426 de \201 ned 426 in diabetics 473 in hypertension 407 iron utilization 430 management 528 microcytic, analgesic nephropathy 226 resistant 528 skin di sorders 450 target indices 429 and transplantation 569 underlying disease 426 aneurysms 490 , 588, 594 angiography 25, 174 angiokeratomas 620 angiomyolipomas 20, 598, 599 angiotensin receptors, of newborn infant 17 anidulafungin, fungal infections 266 animal models, renal d isease 582 \200\223583 anion gap, serum, metabolic acidosis 67 anorexia 418, 541 antegrade pyelography 22 \200\22323 antibiotics autonomic dysfunction 455 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 588 \200\223589, 590 \200\223595, 591 autosomal recessive polycystic kidney 523 disease 586 \200\223588, 591 apo Al/All mutations, hereditary avascular necrosis 570 AVF (autogenous arteriovenous \201 stula) 488, 489 azathioprine amyloidosis 156 apoptosis, systemic lupus erythematosus 180 APRT (adenine ANCA-associated vasculitis 173 dermatomyositis 189 lupus nephritis 183 minimal change disea se 89 mixed connective tissue disease 188 polymyositis 189 phosphoribosyltransferase) de \201 ciency 638 APS (antiphospholipid syndrome) 184 \200\223 185, 292 APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) 181 arachidonic acid metabolism 229 ARBs (angiotension receptor blockers) -2 microglobulin amyloidosis, in Alport \200\231s syndrome 610 chronic kidney disease 395 hypertension 289 recommendations f or use 695 scleroderma-systemic sclerosis 186 CKD 436 \200\223438, 530 bacteria, urine microscopy 11 bacterial infections endocarditis-associated GN 128 post-streptococcal GN (PSGN) 3, 116, argatroban, anticoagulation 332 aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) 240 \200\223241 arm gra fts 488 \200\223489 arsenic 237 arterial phase, CT scanning 23 arterial thrombosis, renal t ransplant 554 arteriography 27 \200\22328, 29 arteriovenous \201 stula 35, 452 arthritis, rheumatoid 188, 189 ARVD (atherosclerotic renovascular 128, 375 shunt nephritis 128 \200\223129 in transplants 566 \200\223567 bacteriuria, urinary composition, alteration in 3 Balkan nephropathy 238 \200\223239 bank voles, hantavirus infection originating abscesses, renal and perinephric 250 in children 464 hemolytic uremic syndrome 375 medical management 536 PD infections 514 transplantation 554 urinary tract infection 246, 247, 253 from 5 Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) 603, 604, 640 Bartter \200\231s syndrome 46, 62, 216, 217 and F anconi syndrome 204, 218 NSAIDs, therapeutic use 230 disease) 293 \200\223298 acute kidney injury 294, 356 ASTRAL trial 297, 410 chronic kidney disease 294 CORAL study 2 98, 410 imaging 295 medical management 533 \200\223535 non-renal 294 PCR, assessment 294 as cending urethography 23 aspergillosis 265, 369 aspirin 446, 448, 534 A \2372M, measures to reduce 437, 439 assessment of renal disease basiliximab, immunosuppression 560, 561 BBS (Bardet-Biedl syndrome) 603, 604, 640 B-cell pr oliferative disorder 150, 153 Beckwith \210\222Wiedemann syndrome 640 belatacept 561 Bence- Jones protenuria 36, 206 benign familial hematuria 606, 608 benign prostatic hyperplasia, h ematuria 3 benzodiazepines 457, 695 beta blockers, hypertension 289, 307, 533 beta-lactam a ntibiotics 246 bicarbonate 64, 206, 211 bilateral cortical necrosis 380 biliary tract disea se 418 bioarti \201 cial kidney 334 biochemical investigations acute kidney injury 381 Alp ort \200\231s syndrome 610 cystinosis 629 metabolic alkalosis 70 renal mycosis 266 stones 2 83 antibodies see also autoantibodies anti-HLA 545, 578 humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal 560 \200\223561 im munological investigations, renal disease 39 induction therapy, rationale for 563 malignancy-associated glomerular disease 135 as molecular probes 583 monoclonal 715 Sj gren \200\231s syndrome 190 systemic lupus eryth ematosus 181 aging kidney 18, 19 acute kidney injury 384 chronic kidney disease 390 \200\223397 clinical assessment of renal function 12 \200\22315 history and examination, clinical 2 \200\2237 imaging, in renal disease 20 \200\22331 immun ological investigations 36 \200\22339 in newborn infant 16 \200\22317 renal biopsy 32 \200 \22335 urinalysis and microscopy 8 \200\22311 vascular access 488 anti-C1q antibodies 39 anticardiolipin antibodies 181 anti-CD25 induction 563 anticoagulati on 332 \200\223333 acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis 118 for CRRT 331 \200\223332 drug recommendations 69 4 \200\223695 hemodialysis 448, 497 lupus anticoagulant 181 INDEX 739 captopril, scleroderma-systemic sclerosis 186 carbon dioxide, acid-base homeostasis 64 carb onic acid, acid-base homeostasis 64 carboplatin 714 cardiac arrhythmias 46, 61 cardiac dise ase, in transplant donors 548 cardiac failure 294, 490 cardiac state 536 cardiac toxicity 5 0 cardiovascular system disorders cadmium 237, 240 Caenorhabditis elegans 582 calceneurin inhibitors 561 \200\223562 calci \201 c uremic arteriolopathy biocompatible dialysis membranes 494 biomarkers, urinary electrolytes 321 \200\223322 biops y bladder cancer 680 bone 433 muscle 358, 363 renal see renal biopsy skin 358, 610 temporal a rtery 342 tissue 170 tumors of kidney 668 Wilms \200\231 tumor 673 \200\223674 biphosphonat es 196, 715 bipolar disorder 455 bisphosphonates 434 BK virus nephropathy 568 bladder (CUA) 416, 435 calci \201 cation, cutaneous 451 calcineurin inhibitors 561, 563 \200\223564 chronic nephrotoxicity 568 drug-induced disorders 701 \200\223702 calcinimetics 434 calciphylaxis 451 calcitonin, hypercalcemia of malignancy 196 calcium -2 microglobulin amyloidosis, in CKD 437 chronic kidney disease, risk factors in 412 \200\223416 functions 52 homeostasis 52, 164 ionized 86 medical management 529 and parathyroid hormone 432 PD solutions 508 in skeletal disorders 432, 433 stones 271 \200\223272 urinary excretio n 165 calcium carbonate 433 calcium oxalate crystals, urine microscopy 11 calcium oxalate s tones 274, 277 calcium phosphate product 530 calcium-channel antagonists, edema 3 calculi, renal 249 campath-1H, immunosuppression 561 cancer/malignant conditions diabetics, risks in 147, 472, 474 drug treatment 695 elderly patients, disease in 471 \202 uid and electrolyte hypercalcemia 54 hypermagnesemia 63 hypocalcemia 53 hypomagnesemia 61 hypophosphatemia 57 abnormalities, ultrasound indications 20 frequency in emptying of 2 in \202 ammation 3 tum ors of 680 \200\223682 blastomycosis 265 bleeding hypertension, risk factors in 288, 306 metabolic acidosis, systemic effects 65 metabolic al kalosis 70 nephronophthisis 603 and transplantation 544, 566, 569 carpal tunnel syndrome (C TS) 436 cast nephropathy 158 \200\223159 casts, urine microscopy 10 \200\22311 catecholamin es 307, 399, 672 catheters see also hematuria; hemorrhage gastrointestinal 419 \200\223420 renal biopsy contraindicati ons 33 transplant complications 554 uremic 444 \200\223446 bleeding time 445 blood group ty ping, transplantation 545 blood lead levels 236 blood loss, in anemia 426 blood pressure AA amyloidosis 154 amyloidosis 136 biological and targeted therapies 715 bladder 680 \200 \223682 carcinoma in situ 680 crescentic glomerulonephritis 136 focal segmental glomerulosc lerosis 136 glomerular disease 134 \200\223137 hematuria 3 hepatocellular cancer, screening for 423 histology 673 humoral hypercalcemia of 196 hypercalcemia 53 IgA nephropathy 136 ki dney tumors 668 \200\223671 kidneys 196 \200\223198 locally advanced disease 685 mechanical obstruction 196 \200\223197 membranous nephropathy 106, 109, 135 mesangiocapillary glomeru lonephritis 136 metastases 196, 687 minimal change disease 135 \200\223136 myeloma kidney 1 58 \200\223159, 204 nephron-sparing techniques 677 nephroureterectomy 677 palpation, examin ation, clinical 5 plasma cell 158 polycystic kidney disease 593 post-transplant lymphoproli ferative bene \201 ts 491 central vein 492 complications, central venous see also hypertension and acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis 117 ambulatory monitoring 304 diabetics, control in 147, 472 drug treatm ent 289 hemodialysis 499 invasive monitoring 304 measurement 7, 287, 288 catheterization 492 disadvantages 491 drainage problems 514 \202 uid leaks 515 indwelling 249 infection 511 \200\223514 insertion 328, 484, 491 peritoneal dialysis 506 \200\223507 temporary 490 tunne led 491 types of 490 \200\223491 in children 304 in pregnancy 310 thresholds and targets 288 blood tests, acute kidney injury acute tubulointerstitial nephritis 344 in elderly patients 386 glomerulonephritis 341 hepat orenal syndrome 353 ischemic 357 pigment-induced 362 thrombotic microangiopathies 349 blood transfusions, in pregnancy 380 BMI (body mass index) 578 body image 540 body temperature 4 42 bone CCBs (calcium channel blockers) 289 CCPD (continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis) 508 CD20 antigen 561 CD2-AP mutations 93 cell biological phenotyping 584 cells, u rine microscopy 10 cellulitis, and nephrotic syndrome 81 central nervous system (CNS) Fabry disease 620 \202 uid and electrolyte disorders 42, 57, 62 hypomagnesemia 62 hypopho sphatemia 57 nephronophthisis 603 respiratory acidosis 72 respiratory alkalosis 73 systemic lupus erythematosus 184 calcium homeostasis 52 density studies 433 metabolic acidosis, systemic effects 65 remodeli ng, in phosphate homeostasis 56 as a tissue 432 disease 567 and primary renal disease 441 prostate cancer 684 \200\223687 renal cell carcinoma 598, 600 , 668 renal cell tumor subtypes 669 renal medullary carcinoma 193 renal pelvis and ureter 6 76 \200\223678 screening for 137 skin 450 \200\223451, 567 \200\223568 staging 669 \200\223 670, 681, 685 systemic therapies and kidney 714 \200\223716 thrombotic microangiopathy 136 \200\223137 transitional cell carcinoma 680, 681 and transplantation 544, 549, 567 \200\223 568 and treatment of renal disease 441 tumor lysis syndrome 197 tumor progression, in ESAs 431 and uremia 441 Wilms \200\231 tumor 672 \200\223675 bone disease biopsy 433 in elderly patients 471 management 528 \200\223529 osteoporosis 570 and transplantation 569 bone marrow 160, 426, 612 bone mineral metabolism abnormalities 41 4 BOR (Branchio-oto-renal) syndrome 640 Bowman \200\231s space 120, 141, 214 brachio-cephal ic AVF 488 brachytherapy 685 Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome 640 breast cancer 544 bullou s disease of HD (pseudoporphyria) 453 cerebrovascular disease, transplantation, selection of patient 544 CGN (crescentic glomerulonephritis) 120 \200\223122, 136, 342, 387 CHARGE syndrome 640 CHD7 gene, mutation 640 chemical dissolution therapy, uric acid stones 276 chemotherapy AL amyloidosis 152, 153 anemia 426 HIV-associated disease 140 plasma cell dyscrasias 159 wi th renal impairment 714 \200\223715 chest Candida, urine microscopy 11 candidiasis 264 CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal general examination 6 radiography of, in vasculitis 170 respiratory acidosis 72 X-rays 165, 672 C1q nephropathy 94 C3 and C4 components, immunological dialysis) 506, 507 \200\223508, 513, 523 investigation 36 capillary permeability 18 CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) 534 INDEX 740 crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) 120 \200\223122, tuberous sclerosis 598 uric acid levels 233 children 136, 342, 387 acute kidney injury in 372 \200\223376 chronic kidney disease in 462 \200\223466 prevention of progression 463 crosstransplantation experiments 407 CRRT (continuous renal replacement