oedema 102 non-shockable rhythms 51 non-steroidal anti- in \202 ammatory drugs 275 normal values N N-acetylcysteine 190 nailbed lacerations 435 naloxone 188 nappy rash 662 narrow complex blood tests xvii \200\223xviii physiological, children 633 pregnancy 577 hyperbaric oxygen 208 , 261 , 395 tachycardia 88 nasal bleeding 552 nasal diamorphine 281 nasal foreign bodies 546 nasal frac ture 553 nasoethmoidal fracture 372 nasopharyngeal airway 325 near drowning 258 neck note keeping 4 \200\2235 , 28 noti \201 able infectious diseases 221 P P wave 64 pacemakers 82 pacing (in ALS) 53 pediatric emergencies 630 pediatric fractures 718 pediatric milestones 637 pediatric resuscitation NSAIDs 275 nursemaid \200\231s elbow 501 nutcracker fracture 501 nystagmus 548 cervical spine O obsession 603 obstetrics and injury 380 \200\2235 chart 655 pain relief 272 palivizumab, pain 463 penetrating injury 378 soft tissue injury 462 wounds 378 gynecology 563 obstructive jaundice 510 OCP 4 , 569 O \200\231Donahue \200\231s triad 501 o esophageal intubation 314 oesophageal obstruction (food bolus) 547 oesophageal rupture 333 olecranon bursitis 453 olecranon fracture 450 ophthalmology 533 opioids 276 RSV disease 683 pancreatitis 508 in pregnancy 591 necrotizing fasciitis 234 needle cricothyroidotomy paracetamol 274 326 \200\2237 poisoning 190 \200\2233 paraf \201 n poisoning 205 paralysis, periodic 143 paranasal sinus itis 555 paraphimosis 523 , 702 paraquat poisoning 204 paratyphoid 248 parity 576 paronychi a 441 parotid gland injury 464 parotitis 557 Parvolex (acetylcysteine) needlestick injury 418 Neer \200\231s impingement test 460 neglect 732 nephroblastoma 699 nephrotic syndrome 694 nerve blocks 292 ankle 306 \200\2237 digital 294 \200\2235 ear 300 \200\2231 femoral 304 \200\2235 forehead 300 \200 \2231 infraorbital 302 intercostal 303 median 296 \200\2237 mental 302 radial 297 \200\2239 supraorbital 300 \200\2231 sural 306 \200\2237 tibial 306 \200\2237 ulnar 296 \200\2237 poisoning 188 sedation 308 optic neuritis 142 , 541 oral contraceptive pill 4 drug interactions 569 190 patella fracture 476 , 726 patellar tendon rupture 478 pathological fractures 420 patients oral rehydration therapy 228 oral wounds 464 orbital blow-out fractures 374 orchitis 522 , 701 mumps 222 discharge from ED 2 , 8 discharge of elderly patient 20 organ donation 27 organophosphate poisoning 206 dislike of speci \201 c 18 inappropriate nerve injuries, hand 432 , 434 neuroblastoma 699 neuroleptic malignant syndrome 265 attenders 16 regular attenders 17 \200\230special \200\231 patient groups 19 transfer of p atient 22 with a label 17 with learning oropharyngeal airway 325 children 654 Osgood-Schlatter \200\231s disease 708 osmolal gap 99 ossi \201 cation centers 721 osteoar thritis 495 neurological examination coma 138 head injury 360 spinal injury 382 dif \201 culties 21 PEA 51 745 INDEX tension 328 \200\2239 traumatic 334 psychiatric drugs, peak expiratory \202 ow complications of 619 psychiatric interview 604 psychiatry 601 psychogenic coma 138 psychosi s 603 pulmonary aspiration 112 , rates 105 children 678 Pelligrini-Stieda \200\231s disease 501 poisoning 179 chemical incidents 38 , 211 deliberate 180 , 753 diagnosis 182 \201 sh 229 food 226 \200 \2238 general principles 180 in children 181 , 696 \200\2237 reducing pelvic fractures 466 \200\2237 pelvic infection 598 pelvic in \202 ammatory disease 573 338 pulmonary contusion 332 , pelvic injury, children 714 penile problems 523 , 702 peptic ulcer disease 511 338 pulmonary embolus 120 absorption 184 \200\2235 supportive care 183 in pregnancy 593 pulmonary oedema cardiogenic 100 \200\2231 non-cardiogenic 102 pregnancy 591 poisons information 180 \200\2231 police requests for blood pericardial effusion 78 \200\2239 pericardiocentesis 79 , 343 pericarditis 78 perineal tear , imminent 580 periodic paralysis 143 peritoneal dialysis 161 peritoneal lavage 347 periton itis 161 , 504 , 507 , pulp infections 441 pulse oximetry 95 , 96 CO poisoning 208 alcohol 30 police statements 31 poliomyelitis 249 polyhydramnios 590 polymyositis 142 porphyria 165 po st-coital pulseless electrical activity (PEA) 51 , 107 puncture wounds 419 purpuric rash 664 pyelonephritis 158 , 159 516 contraception 568 peritonsillar abscess 554 peroneal nerve block 306 \200\2237 peroneal nerve injury 487 pero neal tendon children 692 \200\2233 pregnancy 591 pyloric stenosis 698 pyogenic tenosynovitis 441 pyrexi a of unknown origin 246 post-concussion symptoms 368 post-partum problems 598 post-resuscitation care 54 Pott \200\231s fracture 502 PR interval 64 pre-eclampsia 590 , 592 pregnancy 563 , 576 \200\223 599 abdominal pain 590 bleeding i n 582 \200\2233 , 588 cardiac arrest 596 ectopic 586 electric shock 266 hypertension 91 , 5 92 psychiatric problems 599 thrombosis 593 trauma 594 subluxation 487 perseveration 603 personal protective equipment 32 , 34 Perthes disease 706 \200\2237 pertussis, whooping cough 684 pethidine 276 petit mal 688 gasoline poisoning 205 phalangeal fractures 436 pharyngeal burns (cocaine) 5 55 phenol burns 397 phenothiazine Q Q waves 65 , 72 QRS amplitude 65 QRS width 64 QT interval 65 quadriceps rupture 478 quins y 554 R rabies 249 , 415 radial fractures 444 \200\2236 , pregnancy tests 582 prepatellar bursitis 479 pretibial lacerations 481 priapism 523 priloca ine 283 Prinzmetal \200\231s angina 69 Procurator Fiscal 10 , 26 , 31 propofol 308 , 316 pr ostatitis 523 prostheses, hip 468 prosthetic joint infection 495 prosthetic valve failure 1 01 protective equipment 32 , 34 prothrombin time poisoning 196 phimosis 702 physiological values in children 633 physiotherapy 428 Pilon fractures 501 pil onidal abscess 518 Pipkin fracture 501 placenta praevia 588 placental abruption 588 , 594 p lant poisoning 212 plantar fasciitis 491 plaster of Paris 424 \200\2235 platelet disorders 168 pleural effusion 103 Pneumocystis 448 \200\2239 , 724 \200\2235 radial head fracture 450 , 724 radial head subluxation (pulled elbow) 724 radial nerve block 297 \200\2239 radial nerve in jury 432 , 453 radial styloid fracture 446 radial tenosynovitis 447 radiation incidents 268 decontamination 211 , 269 radiological requests 6 radius, fractures 444 \200\2236 , (INR) xviii , 167 , 170 proxymetacaine 283 pruritus ani 518 pruritus vulvae 565 pseudo-gout 496 psychiatric assessm ent 604 448 \200\2239 infection 110 , 244 children 724 \200\2235 pneumonia 110 children 686 differential diagnosis 111 Ramsay Hunt syndrome 556 rape 570 rapid sequence induction after deliberate self harm 612 \200\2234 pneumothorax spontaneous 114 \200\2236 (intubation, RSI) 312 \200\2235 history 605 746 INDEX self-labeled patients 17 sepsis 59 rifampicin 190 , 225 , 569 ring avulsions 435 Rinne \200\231s test 548 Road Traf \201 c Ac t 30 roadside procedures 36 Rockall score 123 Rolando fracture 502 Romano \200\223Ward rashes 664 , 666 , 672 records see note keeping recuronium 316 red cell transfusion 173 red dot system 6 red eye 542 referral 8 , 28 in babies 660 septic arthritis 495 septic shock 59 \200\22361 septicaemia, meningococcal 666 \200\2239 sero-negative spondylo- arthropathies 497 serotonin syndrome 216 severe acute inappropriate 16 patient with a label 17 syndrome 65 regular attenders 17 Reiter \200\231s disease 238 , 497 rejection, transplant 161 relatives Rosier score, stroke 145 rotator cuff tears 459 rotator cuff tendonitis 461 Rovsing \200 \231s sign 507 RSV 682 \200\2233 rubella 223 runner \200\231s fracture 502 respiratory syndrome (SARS) 33 , 251 Sever \200\231s disease 708 sevo \202 urane 317 sexua l abuse 733 sexual assault 570 sexually transmitted diseases 238 Sgarbossa criteria, bereaved 24 \200\2235 in cardiac arrest 46 in major incidents 39 renal failure 160 , 694 renal trauma 351 rescue breaths 48 children 646 resin casts 424 res piratory depression S sacrum fracture 469 Sad Persons Scale 614 safety, personal 609 salaam attack 688 salbutam ol ACS in LBBB 72 sharps, safe handling disposal 32 coma 137 opioids 188 , 276 respiratory failure, type I II 98 respiratory rate shell \201 sh poisoning 229 shifts 15 shin splints 483 shingles 240 shock 60 anaphylaxis 43 , 651 asthma 106 , 679 \200\223681 COPD 109 hyperkalaemia 162 , 694 inhalati on injury 395 poisoning 200 coma 137 normal, children 633 anaphylactic 42 \200\2234 cardiogenic 60 , 77 hypovolaemic 60 , 172 \200\2234 in poisoning 183 neurogenic 382 septic 59 respiratory syncytial virus 682 \200\2233 salicylate poisoning 189 salivary gland problems 557 Salter-Harris classi \201 cation, epi physeal injury 718 \200\2239 resuscitation burns 392 cardiac arrest 46 \200\22353 pregnancy 596 shockable rhythm 52 , 652 \200\2233 shoulder saphenous nerve block 306 \200\2237 children 634 \200\2235 , 646 \200\2237 , dislocation 454 \200\2237 injuries 458 \200\2239 children 722 pain diagnosis 461 soft tissu e problems 460 \200\2231 652 \200\2235 SARS 33 , 251 scabies 231 scalded skin formulas 655 discontinuing 51 , 655 mechanical 51 newborn 642 \200\2235 pediatric trauma 712 post-resusc itation care 54 trauma 320 \200\2231 unconscious patient 136 syndrome 235 , 662 scaphoid fracture 442 shoulder dystocia 580 sick sinus syndrome 80 sickle cell disease 176 \200\2237 Sinding Lars en \200\231s disease 708 sinusitis 555 SIRS (systemic in \202 ammatory response syndrome) 59 children 725 scapula fracture 458 scarlet fever 234 Scheuermann \200\231s disease 708 schizophrenia 618 resuscitation chart pediatrics 655 thought blocking 603 reteplase 77 retinal artery occlusion 540 retinal detachment 541 retinal vein occlusion 540 retropharyngeal abscess 555 return visits 28 reverse \201 ght bites 415 \200\22316 , SCIWORA 714 scrotal injuries 352 scrotal swellings, children 700 skin lesions causes 673 children 672 popping (drugs) 627 problems, infants 662 seborrhoeic dermatitis 662 sedation, of violent patient 611 skin tissue glue 406 skull fracture 355 , 361 \200\2234 basal fracture 361 , 364 child abus e 731 compound (open) 364 depressed 362 , 364 sedation for 435 procedures 308 Revised Trauma Score 323 rewarming methods 256 rhabdomyolysis 214 \200\2236 , children 309 seizures 148 \200\223 9 , 688 Seldinger technique 44 , 265 , 398 slit lamp examination 535 Smith \200\231s fracture 446 , 502 snake bites 417 Snellen chart 534 56 , 115 rheumatic fever 497 rheumatoid arthritis 496 rib fracture 330 \200\2232 self-harm deliberate 612 , 614 risk of 607 747 INDEX stillbirth 576 Stimson \200\231s technique 455 stings, bites 416 stool culture 226 straddle fracture 502 strains 426 streptococcal talar injuries 488 team leader 46 tear gas 209 teeth snowblindness 538 sodium bicarbonate cardiac arrest children 654 newborn 644 eruption 559 extraction, hyperkalaemia 162 , 694 tricyclic antidepressant poisoning 194 \200\2235 sodium derangement s hemorrhage 561 fractures 560 toothache 280 , 561 see also dental infections 234 , 528 streptokinase 77 stress fractures, MTs 489 stridor 676 stroke 144 154 emergencies telemedicine 11 telephone advice 11 temperature, core, soft tissue injuries 426 solvent abuse 626 somatoform pain disorder 621 sonography, trauma Rosier score 145 stye 543 subacromial bursitis 461 subarachnoid measurement of 254 , 264 scan 346 space-occupying lesions 133 sphincter of Oddi, spasm 277 temporal arteritis 132 , 541 temporal lobe epilepsy 688 tendon injury Achilles 482 \201 n ger 432 \200\2234 , 440 hand 447 in wounds 404 patella 478 quadriceps 478 hemorrhage 128 subclavian vein 56 venous access 57 \200\2238 subconjunctival spinal cord injury 380 \200\2235 airway management hemorrhage 543 substance misuse 626 subtarsal examination 535 subtrochanteric 380 children 714 circulation 382 examination 382 imaging 384 \200\2235 , 462 incomplete inj ury patterns 383 fractures 472 tendonitis 427 tenecteplase 77 tennis elbow 452 tenosynovitis 427 , 441 terrorism, poisonin g 181 testis problems 522 subungual haematoma 435 sudden infant death syndrome 658 suicide, risk of 614 sulphonylurea muscle power grading 383 poisoning 197 sumatriptan 130 superglued eyelids 538 supracondylar fracture 451 , neurological children 700 torsion 522 , 701 trauma 352 undescended 700 examination 382 without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) 383 , 714 742 tetanus 236 supraorbital nerve block 300 \200\2231 spinal prophylaxis 410 immobilization 380 \200\2231 tetracaine 283 , 288 , 535 TFCC injury 447 theophylline poisoning 200 thiopentone 316 Thoma s splint 473 thoracolumbar spine 384 throat 554 , 674 \200\2237 examination, supratrochlear nerve 300 \200\2231 supraventricular tachycardia spine control 320 injury 380 \200\2235 (SVT) 86 \200\2238 children 656 children 714 Xrays 384 \200\2235 , 462 sural nerve block 306 \200\2237 surgery 503 surgical airway 326 \200\2237 sutures 407 \200 \2239 suxamethonium 316 swine \202 u 33 , 252 symbols ix synchronized sprains 426 ankle 487 neck 462 wrist 447 children 674 \200\2235 foreign bodies 547 infection 554 , 676 \200\2237 sore 554 ST segment 65 , 70 \200\2235 staff 2 thrombocytopenic purpura, care after death of patient 27 cardioversion 86 idiopathic 664 syncope 140 debrie \201 ng after major thromboembolic disease, in pregnancy 593 , 599 funny turns in, incident 39 interaction 15 sudden infant death syndrome 659 children 689 synovitis, transient 706 systemic in \202 ammatory thrombolysis myocardial infarction 76 \200\2237 pulmonary embolus 121 stroke 145 response syndrome 59 staphylococcal infections 235 , 662 T T waves 65 , 72 tachyarrythmias 86 \200\2239 tachycardia thrombophlebitis, staples 407 status epilepticus 148 \200\2239 super \201 cial 119 , 529 thrombosis, deep vein 118 children 690 pregnancy 593 thrush 566, 662 Steristrips 406 , 481 sternum fracture 331 algorithm 84 \200\2235 748 INDEX tricyclic antidepressant poisoning 194 \200\2235 trigeminal neuralgia 132 trigger \201 ng er/thumb 441 TRISS methodology 323 tropical diseases 246 troponins 71 trouble vaginal infection 566 Valsalva maneuver 88 varicella zoster 240 varices 123 varicose veins 529 vecuronium 316 venereal proctitis 519 venous access central 56 children 638 choice of v ein 56 cut down 639 intraosseous 640 \200\2231 umbilical vein 645 venous thrombosis 118 thumb, collateral ligament injuries 438 , 440 thyrotoxic crisis 156 TIA 146 \200\2237 tibia fractures 477 , 480 children 727 tibial nerve block 306 \200\2237 ticks, bites 231 , 416 TICTAC 180 Tillaux fracture 502 TIM I risk score 69 toddler \200\231s fracture 502 , 727 Todd \200\231s paresis 144 , 148 toe f ractures 490 toe injuries 490 toenails, ingrowing 491 tongue wounds 464 tonsillitis 554 tor sades de pointes 87 torticollis 463 TOXBASE 181 toxic shock syndrome 235 , aggressive patient 608 avoidance of 28 , 608 violence/violent patients 608 \200\223611 tuberculosis 232 , 685 tuberculous meningitis 225 tympanic membran e rupture 551 cerebral 133 in pregnancy 593 venous ulcers 529 ventilation typhoid 248 U ulcerative colitis 517 ulcerative keratitis 543 ulna, fractures 448 , 725 ulnar nerve blo ck 296 \200\2237 ulnar nerve injury 432 , 453 ultrasound in asthma 107 , 679 in children 654 in COPD 108 hyperventilation 97 mouth to mouth 48 , 646 in newborn 642 non-invasive 109 ventricular activation 567 tracheal intubation 312 \200\2235 children 654 newborn 644 trauma 325 diagnosis of DVT 119 , 593 for nerve blocks 292 in pregnancy 576 , 584 , time 72 ventricular shunts 133 ventricular tracheal tube size for children 654 \200\2235 tracheitis, bacterial 677 traction apophysiti s 708 tranquillization, 587 , 589 tachycardia 86 \200\2237 in trauma (FAST) 346 , children 652 , 656 595 vertigo 549 violence/violent for venous access 56 , 639 umbilical cord sepsis 660 umbilical vein emergency 611 patients 608 \200\22311 transcutaneous pacing 82 transfer of patient 22 transfusion intoxication 623 viral arthritis 496 viral haemorrhagic fevers 250 visual acuity 534 visual loss, sudden 540 vitreous hemorrhage 541 volar plate injury 440 volvulus 516 , 698 vomitin g, bilious vomiting in cannulation 645 unconscious patient 136 upper gastrointestinal tract blood 172 massive 174 bleeding 122 upper respiratory tract transfusion reactions 175 transient ischaemic attacks 146 infections, children 676 ureteric colic 524 urethral carbuncle 565 urethral injuries 352 urethritis 238 , 497 urinar y retention 520 urinary tract infections (UTIs) 158 , 591 transplant patients 161 transplantation of liver, paracetamol poisoning 191 babies 661 von Willebrand \200\231s transportation emergency card disease 166 , 168 (TREM) 36 vulval ulcers 565 vulvovaginal problems 565 children 692 transvenous pacing 82 trauma urine microscopy 158 , 693 urticaria, neonatal 662 USS see ultrasound uterine bleeding 574 uterine problems 572 uterine rupture 594 uterine size, pregnancy 577 uveitis 542 injury prevention 711 injury severity score W wasp stings 416 weakness, generalized 142 Weber \200\231s test 548 weight estimation, chi ldren 633 Weil \200\231s disease 239 Wells criteria 119 \200\22320 Wernicke \200\231s (ISS) 323 in pregnancy 594 major 319 \200\22399 pediatric 710 pediatric resucitation 712 V vaccines, immunization 636 vaginal bleeding 574 Revised Trauma Score 323 trench foot 257 triage 7 encephalopathy 625 whole-bowel irrigation 185 in pregnancy 582 \200\2233 , 588 mental health 612 749 INDEX whooping cough 684 Wilm \200\231s tumor 699 Wolff-Parkinson-White exploration 404 foreign bodies in 405 of hand 434 infection 413 , 415 in children 715 lip 4 64 of neck 378 oral 464 puncture 419 tendon injury 434 of tongue 464 X-rays 404 X X-rays children 720 in pregnancy 576 reporting system 6 requests 6 syndrome 89 worms 230 wounds 401 \200\22319 of abdomen 350 antibiotics 411 , 422 bites/stings 414 of chest 340 \200\2233 child abuse 73 0 classi \201 cation 403 cleaning 406 closure 406 delayed primary closure 412 Z zip entrapment of foreskin 702 zygomatic (malar) fractures 374 wrist anatomy 430 dislocations 442 \200\2233 fractures 442 \200\223 6 nerve blocks 296 \200\2239 ear 464