What are the recommended guidelines for bleeding risk assessment in patients with AF?
For patients with AF, bleeding risk assessment should be performed in all patients with AF at every patient contact and should initially focus on potentially modifiable bleeding risk factors. It is recommended to use the HAS-BLED score to address modifiable bleeding risk factors in all AF patients. Those potentially at high risk (HAS-BLED score 3) warrant more frequent and regular reviews or follow-up. In VKA-treated patients, use of the HAS-BLED score for bleeding risk assessment is recommended. A high HAS-BLED score ($ 3) is rarely a reason to avoid anticoagulation.