What are some of the bleeding risk scores for AF patients?
Some of the bleeding risk scores for AF patients include HEMORR2HAGES (hepatic or renal disease, ethanol abuse, malignancy, older, reduced platelet count/function, hypertension, anemia, genetic factors, excessive fall risk, and stroke), HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function [1 point each], stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR, elderly (0.65), drugs/alcohol concomitantly [1 point each]), ATRIA, ORBIT, and ABC-bleeding. Composite risk scores that include stroke and bleeding end points have also been proposed but have not been shown to perform incrementally better over the individual scores.