What is the clinical and cost-effectiveness of beta blockers in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who are in atrial fibrillation?
Based on the evidence reviewed, there was moderate quality evidence that beta-blockers did not have a clear effect on all-cause mortality. First heart-failure related admission was rated as moderate quality evidence and showed no clinically important effect of beta-blockers. Fatal and non-fatal stroke was rated as low quality evidence due to imprecision, and no evidence was identified for the outcomes quality of life or improvement in NYHA class. There were no relevant economic evaluations identified.