What are the most common microorganisms that cause CIED infections?
Staphylococcal species are the most common microorganisms that cause CIED infections, accounting for 60-80% of cases in most reported series. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), Corynebacterium species, Propionibacterium acnes, Gram-negative bacilli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida species also account for a minority of CIED infections. Fungi other than Candida and nontuberculosis mycobacteria are rarely identified as pathogens in CIED infection.