What are the limitations of the terms HFREF and HFPEF?
The limitations of the terms HFREF and HFPEF include the variability of the left ventricular ejection fraction measured by different imaging modalities, and the lack of universal agreement on the threshold of ejection fraction at which these are defined or the exact definition of HFPEF. Additionally, the GDG also recognised the proposal of another class as heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFMREF), however this proposal has not been fully clinically validated and remains the topic of further research.