What are the common etiologies of stroke among HIV-infected patients?
The common etiologies of stroke among HIV-infected patients include HIV-associated vasculopathy, intracranial aneurysmal vasculopathy, varicella zoster-associated vasculopathy, Chagas disease, and tuberculous meningitis. HIV-associated vasculopathy is an immune-mediated arteriopathy that is characterized by inflammatory infiltration of the arterial wall. Intracranial aneurysmal vasculopathy is the most common cause of stroke in HIV-infected adults, with evidence of thickening of the arterial wall and aneurysm formation. Varicella zoster-associated vasculopathy is an inflammatory condition of the blood vessels that can result in stroke. Chagas disease is a parasitic infection that can cause stroke and is more common in Latin American countries. Tuberculous meningitis is a complication of tuberculosis that can lead to stroke. It is more common in countries with high rates of TB.