What are the differences in surgical technique between direct and indirect bypass?
The differences in surgical technique between direct and indirect bypass include the use of different vascular and neural structures. Direct superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass involves connecting an artery from the scalp directly to the middle cerebral artery. An indirect bypass procedure such as encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis or encephalomyosynangiosis, on the other hand, involves connecting different vascular and neural structures, such as the external carotid artery, the superficial temporal artery, and the occipital artery to bypass the blocked arterial circulation. Additionally, indirect bypass procedures may also involve surgically creating an arteriovenous anastomosis, which is an abnormal connection between an artery and vein. 