M http://www.pdacademy.org.uk/ Reference 1. Palmer SC, Di Micco L, Razavian M , et al. (2012). Effects of antiplatelet the rapy on mortality and cardiovascular and bleeding outcomes in persons with chronic kidney d isease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine , 156 , 445 \200 \22359. 957 Index imaging 120 urinalysis 116 \200\223 17 complications 129 contrast-induced 148 \200\223 51 , 618 de \201 nition 88 \200\223 9 , 90 rhabdomyolysis 152 \200\223 3 , A AA amyloidosis 630 \200\223 1 AASK trial 494 \200\223 5 abdominal compartment syndrome 162 \200\223 3 ABO incompatibility in 154 \200\223 5 sepsis 166 \200\223 7 , 168 \200\223 70 tubular necrosis see acute tubular necrosis tumor lysis syndrome AKIN classi \201 cation 88 KDIGO AKI 88 , 89 RIFLE criteria 88 160 \200\223 1 transplantation 444 \200\223 5 acute tubular injury see acarbose 894 ACE inhibitors 486 , 508 \200\223 9 , acute tubular necrosis acute tubular necrosis 106 \200\223 7 infective endocarditis 694 pa thophysiology 108 \200\223 9 developing world 164 \200\223 5 drug-induced 7, 898 523 , 893 CKD 203 diabetic nephropathy 614 gadolinium 51 metformin 52 epidemiology 92 \200\223 3 haemoglobinuric 155 intrinsic renal 105 ADAMTS13 576 ADPKD see autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease acebutolol 503 N -acetyl- -D- glucosaminidase 95 N-acetylcysteine 145 , 150 aciclovir 889 adrenal function, CKD 262 adrenal hyperplasia, congenital 478 clinical assessment 114 \200\223 15 management 147 anemia 138 bleeding 138 checklist 122 \200\223 3 electroly tes and acidosis nephrotoxicity 898 acid-base balance 814 \200\223 16 adynamic bone disease 234 , buffering 814 , 818 excretion 818 \200\223 19 mixed disturbances 235 , 240 management 249 AKI see acute kidney injury AL amyloid 628 \200\223 9 alcohol, and hypertension 834 \200\223 5 136 \200\223 7 models of 815 , 816 nomogram 835 see also acidosis; alkalosis hyperkalaemia 130 \200\223 3 infection 139 myths 144 \200\223 5 nutrition 140 \200\223 1 , 142 \200\223 3 pulmonary oedema 472 \200\223 3 aldosterone 457 , 931 aldosterone antagonists, and acidosis CKD 205 , 215 lactic 828 \200\223 9 metabolic 137 \200\223 40 , 834 renal tubular 76 \200\223 8 , 826 respiratory 822 , 834 hyperkalaemia 797 alemtuzumab 383 \200\223 4 alkalosis 830 \200\223 2 134 \200\223 5 volume replacement 124 \200\223 5 , 126 \200\223 9 chloride-losing 830 hypokalaemic 830 metabolic 830 , 834 respiratory 831 , 834 allergic per itonitis 321 ALLHAT study 494 \200\223 5 , 505 allopurinol 895 allorecognition 346 \200 \223 7 , 348 -blockers 486 , 504 \200\223 5 , mortality 93 organ cross-talk 109 perioperative risk reduction 99 acromegaly 475 acute coronary syndrome 946 \200\223 8 acute fatty liver of pregnancy 845 phases of 146 pre-renal 102 \200\223 3 causes 104 clinical assessment 114 acute interstitial nephritis 694 acute kidney disease 523 , 892 pregnancy 844 \200\223 5 prevention 98 \200\223 101 , 154 STOP AKI checklist (AKD) 90 acute kidney injury (AKI) 87 \200\223 92 benign prostatic hyperplasia 761 bladder out \202 ow 100 \200\223 1 priorities 112 \200\223 13 prognosis 92 \200\223 3 recognition of 110 \200\223 1 renal biopsy 82 renal replacement therapy abdominal compartment syndrome 162 \200\223 3 symptoms 505 Alport syndrome 420 , biomarkers 94 \200\223 5 causes 96 \200\223 7 , 97 , 164 \200\223 5 568 , 570 kidney transplant 569 infective 164 \200\223 5 non-infective 165 aluminum toxicity 247 , 308 aluminum-based phosphate 172 \200\223 4 in cirrhosis see hepatore- binders 248 anticoagulation 182 \200\223 4 , nal syndrome classi \201 cation 96 \200\223 7 clinical assessment 114 \200\223 15 ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 458 \200\223 9 , 460 186 \200\223 7 modalities 174 \200\223 5 , 176 \200\223 7 peritoneal dialysis amikacin 395 dose 885 blood tests 118 \200\223 19 histology 121 188 \200\223 9 amiloride 792 , 931 prescription 178 \200\223 181 INDEX INDEX 958 dose 883 \200\223 9 peritonitis 322 \200\223 3 in pregnancy 843 prescribing 882 prophylac tic 395 see also individual drugs antiphospholipid antibodies anti-streptolysin O titres 119 amino acid reabsorption 925 anti-thymocyte globulin aminoaciduria 76 , 77 aminoglycosides 880 amiodarone 893 ammonium 819 amoxicillin 883 ampho tericin B 395 383 , 384 anti-tumor necrosis factor agents 668 antibiotics see antimicrobials antibodies 119 , 665 antiphospholipid syndrome ANCA 119 anti-glomerular basement dose 891 664 \200\223 5 amyloid/amyloidosis see antiplatelet drugs 357 pre-transplantation membrane 119 anti-HLA 361 \200\223 2 , 363 anti-nuclear 119 antiphospholipid 119 depleting 383 \200\223 5 donor-speci \201 c 361 non-depleting 382 non-HLA 362 panel reactive 362 renal amyloid anemia management 394 AKI 138 CKD 205 , 216 \200\223 17 differential diagnosis 217 prevalence 216 antipsychotics 896 antivirals 885 nephrotoxicity 898 anuria 74 aortic coarctation 475 , 483 apolipoprotein AI 632 Aranesp see analgesia live donors 379 patient-controlled 380 post-operative 395 \200\223 6 analgesic nephropathy 584 , antibody-mediated rejection 409 \200\223 10 darbepoetin A anticholinergic agents, benign prostatic hyperplasia 762 anticoagulants 357 584 \200\223 5 argatroban 291 arterial blood gasses 118 arterial stiffness 455 arteriovenous \201 stula 292 ASCOT study 494 \200\223 5 asparagus urine 15 aspirin 485 , 892 ANCA 119 , 642 and pathogenesis 643 ANCA-associated vasculitis pre-transplantation 640 \200\223 2 management 394 Birmingham vasculitis activ- ity score (BVAS) 641 anticoagulation renal replacement therapy in pregnancy 858 , 866 , 867 ASTRAL trial 172 asymptomatic bacteriuria investigations 642 \200\223 3 relapse 646 \200\223 7 , 648 renal biopsy 647 treatment 644 , 644 \200\223 5 182 \200\223 3 , 184 citrate regional 186 \200\223 7 haemodialysis 182 \200\223 3 anticonvulsants 854 , 897 an tidiuretic hormone see 706 , 710 angiography 947 angiotensin II 453 , 456 angiotensin II receptor pregnancy 843 atenolol 503 , 523 atherosclerotic renal artery vasopressin antiemetics 379 antifungals 879 \200\223 80 , 890 \200\223 1 blockers 486 , 510 \200\223 11 stenosis 586 CKD 203 diabetic nephropathy 614 nephrotoxicity 898 atrial natriuretic peptides antigens 22 antihypertensive therapy 145 , 931 angiotensin receptor autoregulation 920 autosomal dominant poly- blockers with neutral endopeptidase inhibition (ARNi) 513 anidulofungin 891 anion gap 820 a ntacids 896 antegrade 484 \200\223 6 , 489 ACE inhibitors 486 , 508 \200\223 9 , 523 -blockers 486 , 504 \200\223 5 , 523 cystic kidney disease 553 , 592 \200\223 593 complications 594 \200\223 5 , 596 CKD 594 cyst hemorrhage 594 cyst infection 594 extrarenal cysts 595 hypertension 594 intrac ranial angiotensin receptor blockers 486 , 510 \200\223 11 -blockers 486 , 502 \200\223 3 , 523 calcium channel bl ockers 486 , 506 \200\223 7 , 523 ureteropyelography 57 anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody 119 , 656 CKD 204 clinical trials 492 \200\223 3 , 494 \200\223 7 diuretics 498 \200\223 9 , 500 \200\223 1 , 523 guidelines 488 \200\223 9 mineralocorticoid antagonists 501 pre-transplan tation aneurysms 594 nephrolithiasis 594 anti-glomerular basement membrane disease see Goodpasture s syndrome management 595 pregnancy 857 Ravine criteria 593 autosomal recessive polycystic kidney dise ase 598 avosentan 617 azathioprine 380 , 390 , 866 nephritic syndrome 543 anti-HLA antibodies 361 \200\223 2 , 363 HLA antibody testing 363 screening for 362 tissue typing 360 \200\223 1 management 394 special situations 490 \200\223 1 see also individual drugs anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies see ANCA anti-nuclear antibodies 119 antimicrobials 878 \200\223 9 azotaemia 70 INDEX INDEX 959 bladder neck B B cells 347 bacteraemia, C C1q nephropathy 572 C3 nephritic factor 41 caffeine, and obstruction 727 bladder tumors 750 \200\223 1 clinical features 751 genetics 750 investiga tions 751 management 753 \200\223 4 pathology 752 risk factors 750 staging and prognosis 7 52 \200\223 752 , 753 \200\223 753 catheter-related 297 , 298 hypertension 473 bacterial prostatitis 711 bacteriuria 24 calci \201 c uraemic arteriolopa- thy 256 \200\223 7 asymptomatic 706 , 710 calcimimetics 252 \200\223 3 calcineurin inhibitors 386 \200\223 7 drug interactions 388 , 389 nephritic syndrome 543 nephrotoxicity 899 \200\223 900 side effects 388 calciphylaxi s 256 \200\223 7 Balkan endemic nephropathy 582 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 601 bardoxolone methyl bleeding AKI 138 post-transplant 402 209 , 617 baroreceptor activation therapy (BAT) 515 Bartter \200\231s syndrome 480 , bleeding tendency, pre-transplant assessment 357 dialysis-related 311 calcium 802 800 crystalloid solutions 125 in dialysate 283 hypercalcaemia 806 \200\223 7 hypercalciuria 77 , 717 in hyperkalaemia 131 hypocalcaemia see hypocalcaemia reabsorption 922 , 925 , 930 ca lcium acetate 248 calcium channel blockers 486 , 506 \200\223 7 , 523 , 892 blood groups basal cell carcinoma, and transplantation 358 donor-recipient matching 360 transplantation across 444 blood pressure CKD 203 , 204 diabet ic nephropathy basiliximab 382 belatacept 391 belimumab, in lupus nephritis 660 benign prostatic hyperplasia 758 \200\223 9 612 \200\223 13 investigations 760 management 761 \200\223 3 , 764 physical examination 760 high see hypertension kidney in regulation of 452 , 452 \200\223 3 benzodiazepines 896 benzylpenicillin 883 -blockers 486 , 502 \200\223 3 , calcium oxalate measurement 458 \200\223 60 crystals 28 , 29 calcium oxalate stones ambulatory monitoring 458 \200\223 9 , 460 clinic readings 458 home 460 in pregnant women 846 523 , 892 716 , 723 see also individual drugs 2 -agonists, in calcium phosphate crystals 28 , 29 calcium-based phosphate hyperkalaemia 132 and salt intake 453 systolic 451 targets 466 variability 460 binders 248 calcium-sensing receptor 252 bicarbonate crystalloid solutions 125 in dialysate 283 normal range 834 preventing loss 818 reabsorptio n 922 , 924 supplements 823 bilirubin, urinary 18 Birmingham vasculitis activ- ity score (B VAS) 641 cancer Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists Collaborative (BPLTTC) 493 bladder tumors 750 \200\223 1 post-transplant 440 \200\223 3 pre-transplant assessment 358 , 358 blood tests, AKI 118 \200\223 19 blood transfusion, AKI 133 BMP-7 208 bone metabolism 895 post-transplant 425 renal cell carcinoma see renal cell carcinoma renal medullary bisoprolol 503 bisphosphonates 895 BK virus nephropathy carcinoma 637 renal pelvis tumors botulinum toxin, 756 \200\223 7 renin-secreting tumors 479 436 \200\223 7 benign prostatic hyperplasia 764 treatment 437 bladder bowel preparation 943 , 944 Bowman s capsule 916 brachytherapy 775 brain death, organ donat ion ureteric tumors 756 \200\223 7 irritability 75 neurogenic 618 out \202 ow obstruction 78 , carbamazepine 897 carbohydrate intake in CKD 259 78 \200\223 9 after 365 , 367 cardiac biomarkers 948 cardiac death, organ dona- tion after 366 , 368 post-transplant brain natriuretic peptide 948 branchio-oto-renal syndrome 602 breast cancer, and dysfunction 403 stones 718 suprapubic pain 75 bladder carcinoma, and transplantation 358 cardiac failure, diuretics in 793 transplantation 358 cardiac MRI 355 buffering 814 , 818 INDEX INDEX 960 and ADPKD 594 advanced citrate regional anticoagula- cardiac output tion 186 \200\223 7 measurement 13 reduced 104 complications 214 \200\223 15 uraemic syndrome CKD see chronic kidney disease CKD-MBD 235 bone disease cardiopulmonary exercise 212 \200\223 13 anemia 216 \200\223 17 analgesia 271 cardiac biomarkers 948 and cardiovas cular disease testing 355 cardiorenal syndrome adynamic 234 , 235 , 209 , 210 240 , 249 cardiovascular disease CKD 198 , 198 \200\223 9 as contraindication to live organ donation 377 hyperparathyroid 234 , 235 , 238 , 240 , 249 198 , 198 \200\223 9 causes 193 classi \201 cation 192 , 195 de \201 nition 192 , 192 \200\223 3 diagnosis 19 6 \200\223 7 dialysis 267 mixed uraemic osteodystrophy 234 dialysis-related 308 post-transplant 422 , 422 \200\223 3 pre-transplant 352 \200\223 5 , 357 revascularization 356 risk factors 199 osteomalacia 234 , 235 osteoporosis 234 classi \201 cation 233 clinical features 240 \200\223 1 hyperphosphataemia decision not to have 270 withdrawal of 270 cardiovascular drugs 892 \200\223 3 cardiovascular risk factors 463 carvedilol 503 caspofu ngin 891 cast nephropathy 622 , diet and nutrition 258 \200\223 9 endocrine problems 246 \200\223 9 vascular calci \201 cation 262 \200\223 3 242 \200\223 3 see also bone \202 uid overload 214 hepatitis B vaccination 685 hyperkalaemia 214 \200\223 15 malnutri tion 260 management 264 \200\223 5 disease above de \201 nition 232 diagnosis 240 \200\223 1 physiology 236 \200\223 7 , 238 treatment 24 4 , 244 \200\223 5 calcimimetics 252 \200\223 3 KDIGO guidelines 245 parathyroidectomy 622 \200\223 5 casts, urinary 25 , 26 catheters dialysis see dialysis catheters and UTI 710 advanced care 266 \200\223 7 oral bicarbonate supplements 823 pre-transplantation 395 referral 265 renal replacement ther- cation exchange resins 132 cefotaxime 884 ceftazidime 884 cefuroxime 395 254 \200\223 5 vitamin D 250 \200\223 1 clarithromycin 882 apy see renal replace- ment therapy symptom control 268 , dose 884 clearance 872 clindamycin 889 clinical history 2 , 2 \200\223 3 dose 884 celiprolol 503 central lines 127 central pontine 268 \200\223 9 mineral and bone disorder diet 8 drugs and treatments 6 family 6 sexual, gynecological and myelinosis 786 cephalosporins 884 cerebral salt-wasting 783 cervical carcinoma, and transpl antation 358 see CKD-MBD palliative care 270 pathogenesis 200 , 201 patient education 266 \200\223 7 pr evalence 194 , 194 \200\223 5 progression 200 , 202 \200\223 3 factors affecting 202 prev ention 202 \200\223 3 , 204 \200\223 5 , 208 , 210 obstetric 8 social 4 \200\223 5 symptoms 4 systems review 5 CHARGE syndrome 601 , 714 chemotherapeutic drugs, nephrotoxicity 899 cloacal abnormality 715 clonidine 512 clopidogrel 892 co-amoxiclav 882 chest X-ray, AKI 120 Chinese herb recognition of 111 renal biopsy 82 \200\223 3 screening 197 nephropathy 583 dose 883 chlorambucil 541 chloride Churg-Strauss syndrome co-trimoxazole 395 654 \200\223 5 chyluria 14 ciclosporin 380 \200\223 1 , 866 cidofovir 898 cinacalcet 253 cipro \202 oxacin 882 dose 887 crystalloid solutions 125 reabsorption 922 , 924 chloride-losing alkalosis 830 CHOIR trial 226 cholesterol COACH syndrome 601 coarctation of aorta 475 , 483 Cockcroft-Gault formula 34 emboli 590 urinary 28 dose 884 colchicine 895 cold ischaemic time 365 collecting duct 931 colloids, synthetic 125 colorect al carcinoma, and transplantation 358 circulation 12 \200\223 13 cirrhosis chronic kidney disease (CKD) 69 \200\223 70 acidosis 205 , 215 acute coronary syndrome AKI see hepatorenal syndrome diuretics 793 946 \200\223 8 cisplatin 899 INDEX INDEX 961 Goodpasture s diabetic nephropathy compartment syndrome syndrome 657 lupus nephritis 660 nephrotoxicity 899 CYCLOPS study 648 CycLowVas study 648 C YP3A4, induction/ inhibition 388 cystatin C 36 , 94 cystic kidney disease 598 , 420 \200\223 1 abdominal 162 \200\223 3 rhabdomyolysis 155 diagnosis 610 , 611 management 612 \200\223 14 , 614 , complement 11 , 41 computed 616 \200\223 17 , 894 mortality risk 607 pathology 608 \200\223 9 pregnancy 857 preventio n 610 progression 606 , 606 \200\223 7 screening 610 diagnostic imaging tomography see CT congenital abnormalities 714 , 714 \200\223 15 constipation 896 continuous ambulatory peri- toneal dialysis 314 , 3 15 continuous epoetin recep- tor activator see meth- oxy polyethylene glycol epoetin 598 \200\223 602 acquired 598 autosomal dominant see autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease abnormal renal size 26 CT 48 , 50 intravenous urography 52 \200\223 3 continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) 135 autosomal recessive 598 classi \201 cation 598 medullary 599 syndromes associated with MRI 50 \200\223 1 normal appearance 46 nuclear medicine 54 \200\223 5 plain X-ray 44 \200\223 5 renal angiography 56 ultrasound 46 uroradiology 56 \200\223 7 contrast media 53 contrast-induced AKI 148 \200\223 51 , 618 cortical necrosis 845 cortico steroids 866 ANCA-associated vasculitis 644 601 \200\223 2 cystine crystals 28 , 29 cystine stones 719 cystinosis 836 cystinuria 719 , 836 , 837 cysti tis 707 dialysate haemodialysis 179 \200\223 80 concentrates 283 cooling 303 ultrapure water 282 peritoneal dialysis 316 \200\223 17 Goodpasture s syndrome 657 interstitial 711 pregnancy 843 cystography 56 cystoscopy 708 cystourethroscopy 57 cysts 742 , 743 cytomegalovirus, immunosuppression 391 nephritic syndrome 540 lupus nephritis 660 countercurrent system biocompatible solutions 316 commercially available solutions 317 928 \200\223 9 CREATE trial 226 creatine kinase 948 creatinine, serum levels 32 creatinine clearance 32 \200\223 3 critical illness, invasive monitoring 13 cross-matching 363 \200\223 4 post-transplant 430 \200\223 4 glucose management 432 \200\223 3 pre-emptive treatment concentrations 317 dialysers 284 dialysis see haemodialysis; peritoneal dialysis dialysis catheters 296 \200 \223 9 bacteraemia 297 , 298 long-term 432 , 433 risk 431 positive, transplantation across 444 \200\223 5 D daclizumab 382 dapsone 395 daptomycin 886 darbepoietin A 220 DASH eating plan 472 Dent s disease 836 dermatomyositis 669 device-guided respiration in crossed fusion ectopia 715 cryoglobulinaemia 634 \200\223 5 cryoglobulins 119 crystalloids 124 balanced 124 composition 125 hypotonic 124 crystalluria 28 , 29 drug-induced 28 complications 299 malfunction 296 \200\223 7 problematic insertion 937 temporary 296 \200\223 300 blind ins ertion 938 femoral line 940 indications 936 \200\223 7 insertion technique 937 \200\223 8 CT 48 , 50 hypertension 514 diabetes insipidus 789 diabetes mellitus vein localization 938 , obstruction 732 \200\223 3 939 CT coronary angiogram 355 Cushing s syndrome tunneled/cuffed 296 , 940 dialysis disequilibrium 177 diet 8 CKD 205 medications, 475 , 482 CYCAZAREM study 648 cyclizine 379 cyclophosphamide 541 , 542 pre-transplantation management 394 post-transplant 422 , CKD 258 \200\223 9 DASH eating plan 472 low-sodium 472 ANCA-associated vasculitis 644 424 \200\223 5 DiGeorge syndrome 601 digoxin 893 dilution acidosis 820 disease associations 3 urinary tract disorders Churg-Strauss 618 \200\223 19 syndrome 655 gonadal toxicity 542 see also diabetic nephropathy INDEX INDEX 962 electrolytes, AKI 136 \200\223 7 embolic renal distal convoluted tubule 930 F Fabry s disease 672 \200\223 3 factor H 41 infarction 694 diuretics 132 \200\223 3 , 500 \200\223 1 , emphysematous 523 \200\223 4 de \201 ciency 578 famciclovir 898 familial amyloid pyelonephritis 711 AKI 135 , 144 hypertension 498 \200\223 9 , 486 , encephalopathy, hyponatraemic 786 \200\223 7 end-stage renal disease 70 diabetic patients 619 hepatitis B 684 \200\223 5 hepatitis C 690 HIV patients 679 and microscopic haematuria 68 500 \200\223 1 loop 500 , 792 mineralocorticoid antago- polyneuropathy 632 familial Mediterranean fever 632 family history 6 Fanconi syndrome 76 \200\223 7 , 825 nists 501 , 792 potassium-sparing 500 \200\223 1 thiazide-type 486 , 498 \200\223 9 , 792 see also renal tubular acidosis dobutamine stress test 355 domperidone 895 donor-speci \201 c antibody 361 dopamine 144 , 144 \200\223 5 dopamine antagonists 895 dose-response curve 873 doxazosin 523 doxycycline 889 drug distribution 871 drug history 6 drug metabolism 871 drug prescribing 869 \200\223 72 cardiovascular drugs femoral line insertion 940 fenoldopam 146 fentanyl 379 , 380 Feraheme see feromoxytol Fer inject see ferric carboxymaltose myeloma 624 \200\223 5 tuberculosis patients 699 endocarditis, infective 692 \200\223 4 , 695 endothelial dysfunction 453 endothelin antagonists feromoxytol 231 ferric carboxymaltose 231 ferritin 230 Ferrlecit see sodium ferric 208 , 513 endothelins 453 epithelial cells 916 epoetin 220 Epogen see epoetin Eprex see epoetin Epstein-Barr virus, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder 441 Epworth s leepiness gluconate FGF-23 236 \201 brillary 892 \200\223 3 dialysis patients 870 \200\223 4 , glomerulonephritis 627 874 , 876 \200\223 7 clearance 872 pharmacodynamics 870 \201 brinogen A -chain 632 \201 bromuscular dysplasia 590 , 591 \202 ucloxacillin 882 lithium 904 \200\223 5 nephrotoxic drugs score 483 Erdheim-Chester disease 738 ertapenem 887 erythromycin 885 erythropoiesis-stimula ting agents 220 , 220 \200\223 1 adjunctive therapy 224 bene \201 ts 224 clinical trials 226 \200\223 7 current targets 227 prescription 222 \200\223 3 resistance 223 side effect s 227 dose 883 898 \200\223 901 \202 uconazole 890 \202 uid balance, NSAIDs 895 , 901 \200\223 3 renal impairment, pharma- post-operative 397 \202 uid overload in CKD 214 \202 uid restriction 258 \202 uid res uscitation cokinetics 870 \200\223 1 , 872 \200\223 3 speci \201 c situations 894 \200\223 7 see also individual drugs and classes AKI duplication choice of \202 uid 124 \200\223 5 how much 126 \200\223 8 , 129 (developmental) 715 dyslipidaemia CKD 205 nephrotic syndrome 557 post-transplant 422 , \202 ucytosine 891 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 418 \200\223 19 , 560 \200\223 3 erythropoietin 218 \200\223 19 423 \200\223 4 inherited 562 management 563 primary 560 \200\223 1 secondary 562 cytoprotective effect 219 in pregnancy 863 production 218 , 219 dyspepsia 896 E Eagle-Barrett syndrome 715 ECG esmolol 524 etanercept 668 ethylene glycol poisoning foscarnet 890 nephrotoxicity 898 fresh frozen plasma 577 furosemide ( see also diuretics) 523 910 \200\223 1 hyperkalaemia 130 resting 355 excretion 818 \200\223 19 exercise, and echocardiography 13 ectopic kidneys 714 eculizumab 391 effective arterial blood hypertension 472 exercise stress test 355 extended criteria donors G gabapentin 897 gadolinium, nephrogenic systemic \201 brosis 51 368 , 369 volume 778 extracorporeal shock wave falling 779 rising 779 lithotripsy 725 INDEX INDEX 963 intensive 304 intermittent 174 , 175 , Gordon s syndrome 797 gout 895 granisetron 895 granulomatosis with polyangiitis 640 ganciclovir cytomegalovirus 433 dose 889 nephrotoxicity 898 176 prescription 178 \200\223 9 intradialytic hypotension gemcitabine 899 genitourinary tuberculosis 302 \200\223 3 granulomatous interstitial long-term complications nephritis 671 GRF see glomerular \201 ltration rate growth retardation in 696 \200\223 7 308 \200\223 9 gentamicin 881 , 882 aluminum toxicity 308 amyloidosis 308 \200\223 9 cardiovascular disease 308 malnutrition 3 08 vascular calci \201 cation dose 885 gestational hypertension 847 \200\223 8 CKD 263 GFR see glomerular \201 ltration rate gynecological history 8 Gitelman s syndrome 480 , H H 2 receptor antagonists 896 HAART therapy, renal side 308 , 311 nocturnal home 304 pregnancy 863 short daily 304 sodium homeostasis 301 sustained 800 , 801 glomerular basement membrane 916 glomerular \201 lter 917 , 919 glomerular \201 ltration effects 679 haematuria 22 \200\223 3 , 62 \200\223 3 rate 30 \200\223 1 estimated 34 \200\223 5 CKD 196 \200\223 7 CKD-EPI equation 35 Cockcr oft-Gault formula 34 causes 33 classi \201 cation 62 clinical assessment 64 \200\223 5 macroscopic 62 , 65 mic roscopic 62 , 66 , low-ef \201 ciency 179 treatment of poisoning 906 volume control 300 dry weight 300 withdrawal 311 67 , 530 causes 33 as contraindication to live organ donation 377 malignancy risk 48 renal biopsy 82 screening 68 pregnancy 860 with proteinuria 530 transient 62 MDRD 34 reciprocal of plasma creatinine 35 isotopic 36 , 36 \200\223 7 live donor transpla ntation haemodynamic monitoring 13 haemo \201 ltration 174 , 175 , 279 treatment of 374 , 375 poisoning 906 see also haemodialysis older patients 38 \200\223 9 post-transplant 422 regulation of 920 \200\223 1 glomerular vessels 531 glomerulo-tubular balance 923 glomerulonephritis haemoglobinuria 14 AKI 155 haemolytic uraemic syn- drome 420 \200\223 1 , 574 haemodia \201 ltration 175 , 279 haemodialysis 9 \200\223 10 pregnancy 845 haemoperfusion 907 haloperidol 897 hantavirus 73 heavy chain deposition access 292 \200\223 5 bacterial 695 \201 brillary 627 hepatitis C-related 686 \200\223 7 immunotactoid 627 mes angiocapillary 419 \200\223 20 , AV \201 stula 292 complications 294 \201 stula care 293 lines 296 \200\223 9 PTFE graf t 292 surveillance 293 see also dialysis catheters disease 627 HELLP syndrome 855 Henoch-Sch nlein purpura 552 \200\223 3 MRSA 693 , 694 post-infectious 548 \200\223 9 rapidly progressive 71 virus -associated 691 glomerulus 916 , 918 , 919 glucocorticoid-remediable 650 \200\223 1 and IgA nephropathy 651 adequacy of 286 , 286 \200\223 8 anticoagulation 182 \200\223 3 antimicrobial therapy heparin 892 \200\223 3 low molecular weight 182 , 290 878 \200\223 9 , 882 and thrombocytopenia hyperaldosteronism 478 diabetic patients 619 dialysate 179 \200\223 80 184 glucose unfractionated 182 , dialysate solutions 317 in hyperkalaemia 131 peritoneal exposure 319 reabsorption 925 concentrates 283 cooling 303 ultrapure water 282 184 , 290 heparin-induced thrombocy- topenia 184 , 290 dialysers and hepatitis B 680 \200\223 1 glutathione membranes 284 equipment 278 \200\223 80 , associated renal disease S-transferase 95 682 \200\223 3 glycosuria 18 , 76 280 , 281 hepatitis B 684 HIV patients 679 in-hospital nocturnal 304 end-stage renal disease renal 77 684 \200\223 5 vaccination 685 Goodpasture s syndrome 72 \200\223 3 INDEX INDEX 964 non-pharmacological diagnosis 476 \200\223 7 , 479 primary 478 hepatitis C-related renal 514 \200\223 15 older patients 490 pathogenesis 452 \200\223 3 disease 686 \200\223 7 congenital adrenal hyperplasia 478 end-stage 690 management 688 \200\223 9 arterial stiffness 455 genetics 454 renin-angiotensin system glucocorticoid- hepatocyte growth factor 208 remediable 478 secondary 478 treatment 477 hepatorenal syndrome 456 , 456 \200\223 7 156 \200\223 7 sympathetic nervous hypercalcaemia 806 \200\223 7 hypercalciuria 77 , 717 hypercoagulability 556 \200\223 7 h yperglycaemia, and diabetic nephropathy 608 \200\223 9 hyperkalaemia 130 \200\223 3 , 796 \200\223 7 classi \201 cation 156 diagnostic criteria 157 management 158 \200\223 9 renal replacemen t therapy 159 risk factors 158 system 455 post-transplant 422 , 422 \200\223 3 pregnancy 846 \200\223 8 treatment 849 resistant 516 , 517 secondary 474 \200\223 5 with aldosterone hepcidin 229 herbal medicines 901 hereditary amyloidosis 632 hereditary nephropathies apparent mineralocorti- coid excess 480 coarctation of aorta antagonism 797 CKD 214 \200\223 15 ECG 130 treatment 131 \200\223 2 475 , 483 568 \200\223 70 Cushing s syndrome hyperkalaemic periodic Alport syndrome 420 , 568 , 475 , 482 paralysis 797 569 , 570 hyperaldosteronism hyperkalaemic renal tubular nail-patella syndrome 570 thin membrane disease 475 \200\223 6 , 477 \200\223 8 , 479 obstructive sleep apnoea acidosis 718 \200\223 19 hypermagnesaemia 810 hypernatraemia 788 \200\223 9 568 , 570 herpes simplex virus, 475 , 483 phaeochromocytoma treatment 790 post-transplant 434 475 , 482 hyperoxaluria 717 , 836 , 837 hirudin 291 histocompatibility 346 \200\223 7 , 348 thyroid disease 475 , 483 prevention 723 specialist referral 469 target organ damage hyperparathyroid bone dis- ease 234 , 235 , 238 , 240 HIV immune complex 462 , 520 management 249 hyperparathyroidism kidney disease (HIVICK) 674 , 678 treatment thresholds 465 , 466 \200\223 467 and hypertension 475 pre-transplant 356 vs. malignancy (in HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) 676 , 674 \200\223 7 urgencies/emergencies 518 \200\223 19 classi \201 cation 677 HIV-associated throm- assessment 520 \200\223 1 management 522 \200\223 3 , 524 hypercalcaemia) 807 hyperphosphataemia botic microangiopathy 674 , 678 white coat 460 see also blood pressure 136 , 811 CDK-MBD 246 \200\223 9 CKD 205 HLA antibody testing 363 HLA incompatibility in hypertensive retinopathy 521 hyperuricaemia 895 hyperuricosuria 717 prevention 723 hypervolaemia 12 hypo albuminaemia, hyperprolactinaemia, transplantation 444 \200\223 5 CKD 262 hypertension 71 \200\223 8 accelerated 518 in ADPKD 594 black patients 490 cardiov ascular risk assess- holmium laser enu- cleation of prostate (HoLEP) 764 HOPE study 494 \200\223 5 hormone replacement nephrotic syndrome 791 hypocalcaemia 136 \200\223 7 , 804 \200\223 5 post-parathyroidecto my therapy, and antihyper- tensive therapy 491 horseshoe kidneys 714 HOT study 494 \200\223 5 5-HT 3 antagonists 895 human albumin ment 470 \200\223 1 cardiovascular risk factors 463 254 rhabdomyolysis 155 classi \201 cation 464 \200\223 50 , hypocitraturia 717 hypokalaemia 76 \200\223 8 investigations 799 465 , 466 clinical assessment 462 \200\223 3 de \201 nition 451 epidemiology 450 facts and \201 g ures 450 malignant 518 , 519 management solutions 125 human leukocyte antigen hypokalaemic alkalosis 830 hypomagnesaemia 137 \200\223 8 hyponatraemia 780 \200\223 1 as sessment 782 \200\223 3 with encephalopathy see HLA humoral rejection 409 \200\223 10 hydralazine 513 , 849 hydronephrosis 726 hyperacute reje ction 408 hyperaldosteronism 475 , drugs see antihyperten- 786 \200\223 7 sive therapy lifestyle measures 472 \200\223 3 , 473 euvolaemic 781 , 784 hypervolaemic 781 , 784 476 \200\223 7 causes 476 INDEX INDEX 965 nephrotoxicity 899 in pregnancy 866 prescription 395 triple therapy 380 isotope studies hypovolaemic 780 , 784 management 784 \200\223 5 AKI 121 obstruction 733 itraconazole 890 hypoperfusion 102 physiological immunotactoid response to 102 hypophosphataemia 812 hypotension glomerulonephritis 627 J J curve phenomenon 468 Jeune syndrome 601 Joubert syndrome 599 , 601 Joint national commi ttee IMPROVE study 648 in-hospital nocturnal hae- intradialytic 302 \200\223 3 orthostatic 526 \200\223 7 hypovolaemia 12 , 104 HYVET study 496 \200\223 7 modialysis 304 indinavir 898 infections AKI 139 post-transplant 426 \200\223 9 guideline 468 I ibuprofen 379 icodextrin 319 ifosfamide 899 IgA nephropathy 419 \200\223 20 , 545 Juvenile nephronophthisis BK virus nephropathy 598 \200\223 9 436 \200\223 7 juxtaglomerular cytomegalovirus 430 \200\223 4 fever 427 Pneumocystis apparatus 921 pneumonia 428 K Kawasaki disease 638 ketaconazole 890 ketonuria 18 kidneys UTI 438 \200\223 9 and Henoch-Sch nlein pre-transplant 357 INSIGHT study 496 \200\223 7 insulin 894 purpura 651 hepatitis B-associated 682 management 546 \200\223 7 IgM nephropathy 572 ileal loopography 57 immunoadsorption 951 immunoglobulins 119 , 620 in hyperkalaemia 131 intercalated cells 932 , 932 interferon 899 interleukin-18 95 inter stitial cystitis 711 interstitial nephritis in blood pressure control 452 , 452 \200\223 3 functions 914 \200\223 15 palpation 11 structure 914 intravenous 899 immunology of transplanta- acute 694 tuberculous 698 \200\223 9 kidney disease 529 \200\223 32 tion 346 \200\223 9 acute see acute kidney injury B cells 347 histocompatibility and allorecognition 346 \200\223 7 , 348 intracranial aneurysms 594 intradialytic hypotension chronic see chronic kidney 302 \200\223 3 intravenous disease histology 531 \200\223 535 , 535 see also individual diseases kidney injury molecule-1 95 kidney stones see nephrolithiasis kidney transplantation T cell activation 347 , 348 tolerance 349 urography 52 \200\223 3 contrast media 53 obstruction 733 immunosuppressive therapy 380 \200\223 1 invasive monitoring 13 iron 228 \200\223 9 and cardiovascular disease 422 clinical applications adverse reactions 231 de \201 ciency 335 \200\223 8 ABO/HLA-incompatible IgA nephropathy 547 membranous absolute 228 functional 228 reticuloendothelial block 228 monitoring 230 status markers 228 \200\223 9 targets 230 therapy 230 \200\223 1 444 \200\223 5 ANCA-associated vasculitis 647 antimicrobial therapy nephropathy 567 mesangiocapillary glo- merulonephritis 553 after 879 bene \201 ts 336 , 337 challenges 337 , 337 \200\223 8 , 339 complications 402 \200\223 3 nephritic syndrome 540 \200\223 3 immunological risk 381 induction 382 \200\223 5 intramuscular 230 intravenous 231 \200\223 2 oral 230 iron dextran 231 iron III hydroxide sucrose early 402 \200\223 3 late 403 post-transplant malig- nancy 440 \200\223 3 depleting antibodies 383 \200\223 4 , 385 non-depleting antibodies 382 maintenance 386 \200\223 91 azathioprine 390 calcineurin inhibitors 386 \200\223 7 , 388 , 389 corticosteroids 391 mycophenolic acid see also post-transplant infections, below contraindications 350 diabetic patients 619 dono r characteristics complex 231 ischaemic nephropathy 586 islet cell transplantation 446 , 447 isoniazid 395 isosthenuria 16 isotonic saline 95 , 125 365 \200\223 7 , 369 brain death 365 , 367 cardiac death 366 , 368 389 \200\223 90 sirolimus 390 INDEX INDEX 966 kidney-liver peritoneal dialysis patients 393 \200\223 4 kidney transplantation transplantation 448 kidney-pancreas transplanta- (Cont \200\231d) contraindications to deceased donation 369 pre-dialysis patients 393 post-operative care 396 \200\223 7 low urine output 397 \200 \223 9 post-transplant biopsy 407 post-transplant infections tion 446 \200\223 8 bene \201 ts 446 Klotho 236 extended criteria donors 368 , 369 opting in or out 369 warm/cold ischaemic 426 \200\223 9 L labetalol 504 , 849 lactate, crystalloid solutions 125 lactic acidosis 828 \200\223 9 la motrigine 897 lanthanum carbonate 248 Lawrence-Moon syndrome 602 lead nephropathy 583 lepto spirosis 164 leucocyte esterase 18 leucocytes, urinary 24 levetiracetam 897 Liddle s syndro me 480 , 801 LIFE study 496 \200\223 7 light chain deposition BK virus nephropathy time 365 436 \200\223 7 donor-recipient matching cytomegalovirus 430 \200\223 4 fever 427 Pneumocystis 360 \200\223 1 anti-HLA antibodies 361 \200\223 2 , 363 blood group 360 cross-matching 363 \200\223 4 no n-HLA antibodies 362 tissue typing 360 \200\223 1 pneumonia 428 UTI 438 \200\223 9 pre-transplant assessment 350 \200\223 1 , 352 cardiovascular disease failure 417 graft dysfunction 404 , 352 \200\223 5 , 357 goals of 351 infection risk and history 357 mental health 359 native renal disease 359 prev ious malignancy 404 \200\223 406 delayed 404 \200\223 5 early 405 \200\223 6 hepatitis B patients 684 hepatitis C patients 690 HIV patients 679 immunology 346 \200\223 9 immunosuppression 358 , 358 disease 626 thrombotic or bleeding linezolid 886 lithium 904 \200\223 5 tendency 357 pregnancy after 864 , 865 380 \200\223 1 intoxication 905 nephrotoxicity 904 \200\223 5 immunological risk 381 induction 382 \200\223 5 maintenance 386 \200\223 92 prescription 395 triple therapy 380 graft rejection 865 management 866 \200\223 7 outcome 865 pre-pregnancy and ante- natal ca re 866 \200\223 7 lithium dilution technique 13 live donor exchange schemes 445 live donor transplantation live donor 372 \200\223 9 live donor exchange schemes 445 long-term follow-up recipient characteristics 372 \200\223 9 370 \200\223 1 advantages 372 concerns 377 contraindications 375 \200\223 6 disadvantages 372 donor asses sment 372 \200\223 3 recurrent disease 418 , 418 \200\223 20 422 \200\223 5 Alport syndrome 420 diabetic bone and mineral metabolism 425 cardiovascular disease nephropathy 420 focal segmental glomeru- losclerosis 418 \200\223 19 GFR 374 , 375 donor nephrectomy 378 pain relief 379 renal outcomes 374 liver transplantation 159 422 , 422 \200\223 3 dyslipidaemia 423 \200\223 4 hypertension 422 \200\223 3 new-onset diabetes haemolytic uraemic sydnrome 420 IgA nephropathy 419 membranous glomerulo- hepatorenal 424 \200\223 5 operation 400 \200\223 1 syndrome 159 nephritis 419 mesangiocapillary liver-kidney dual transplants 401 organ retrieval 400 recipient operation transplantation 448 liver-type fatty acid-binding glomerulonephritis 419 rejection protein 95 400 \200\223 1 loin pain 75 loop diuretics 500 , 792 loop of Henle 926 , 927 outcomes 340 , 340 \200\223 4 graft failure 341 graft survival 341 \200\223 2 , 344 , acute 408 , 408 \200\223 12 Banff classi \201 cation 411 chronic 414 , 414 \200\223 17 h umoral/ countercurrent system 367 , 368 928 \200\223 9 patient survival 339 , 341 antibody-mediated 409 \200\223 11 low molecular weight hepa- patient education 350 patient selection 350 perioperative care 392 \200\223 9 rin 182 , 290 low-sodium diet 472 lupus nephritis 658 \200\223 9 classi \201 cation 659 i nitial therapy 660 \200\223 1 T cell-mediated 408 \200\223 9 thrombotic investigations 393 medications 394 \200\223 6 microangiopathy 412 vaccinations 428 INDEX INDEX 967 presentation and manage- mycophenolate mofetil maintenance therapy ment 552 \200\223 3 mesangioproliferative 543 , 866 662 \200\223 3 lupus nephritis 660 pregnancy 857 , 859 renal biopsy 661 glomerulonephritides 572 mycophenolic acid 389 \200\223 90 MYCYC study 648 myeloma kidney 620 \200\223 1 cast neph ropathy 622 , metabolic acidosis 137 \200\223 40 , 834 metabolic alkalosis lymphocele, post-transplant 403 lymphoma, and 622 \200\223 5 transplantation 358 lymphoproliferative dis- 830 , 834 reversal 832 metformin 894 myocardial perfusion scan 355 myoglobin 152 order, post-transplant 441 \200\223 3 contrast-induced AKI 52 classi \201 cation 442 metglitinides 894 methanol poisoning 912 methotrexate 668 N nadolol 503 nail-patella syndrome 571 nateglinide 894 nausea 895 nebivolol 503 Neoral s ee ciclosporin nephrectomy, live donor 378 M magnesium 802 \200\223 3 nephrotoxicity 899 methoxy polyethylene gly- col epoetin 220 , 221 crystalloid solutions 125 hypermagnesaemia 810 hypomagnesaemia 137 \200\223 8 methyldopa 512 , 849 metoclopramide 895 metoprolol 503 metronidazole 885 microalbuminuria 6 0 , 61 2 -microglobulin-related dialysis amyloid 632 \200\223 3 micturating cystourethr og- raphy (MCUG) 56 Mimpara see cinacalcet mineral metabolism, magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals 28 , 29 magnesium carbonate 248 magnetic resonance imaging nephritic syndrome 71 see MRI malaria 702 \200\223 3 malignancy see cancer malignant hypertension acute 536 \200\223 7 immune complex-mediated 537 management 538 \200\223 9 518 , 519 malnutrition CKD 260 dialysis-related 308 immune suppression post-transplant 425 mineralocorticoid antago- 540 \200\223 3 mechanisms 536 renal biopsy 82 nists 501 , 792 mineralocorticoid excess, apparent 475 , 480 nephritis see nephritic mannitol 144 , 154 mean arterial pressure syndrome minimal change disease 558 \200\223 9 minoxidil 512 Mircera see methoxy polyethylene gly col epoetin mitomycin 899 mixed connective tissue (MAP) 168 Meckel-Gruber