what are the Recommendations for Renal Artery Stenosis
References that support recommendations are summarized
in Online Data Supplements 7 and 24.?
In adults with renal artery stenosis for whom medical management has failed (refractory hypertension, worsening renal function, and/or intractable HF) and those with nonatherosclerotic disease, including fibromuscular dysplasia, it may be reasonable to refer the patient for consideration of revascularization (percutaneous renal artery angioplasty and/ or stent placement).