cystic \201 brosis lung disease 246 \200\2237 haemoptysis 239 infective exacerbations 236 \200\22340 lung transplantation 418, 420, 422, 426 management 242 \200\2233 microbiology 243 pathology 242 physiological features 242 pneu mothorax 239 treatment 243 \200\2236 diagnosis 355 surgery 358 end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) 10 endemic mycoses 197, 198 dog heartworm 199 dopamine agonists, in periodic leg movements in HIV patients 216 endobronchial resection 320 endobronchial tumors, benign 315 \200\22316 endobronchial ultra sound 289 Endobronchial Valve for Emphysema Palliation in sleep 382 dorsal respiratory group (DRG) 15 doubling time (Td), solitary pulmonary cystic \201 brosis-related diabetes mellitus nodules 49 Trial (VENT) 118 (CF-RD) 246, 252 \200\2233 doxapram, in COPD exacerbations 113 doxycycline, use in pleurodesis 344 drainage, lung absc esses 181 driving 370 \200\2231 endocrine diseases, pulmonary cysts, in lymphangioleiomyomatosis 452 cytokines, role in asthma 61 cytomegalovirus (CMV) i nfection 207 manifestations 162 \200\2233 endoglin gene 457 endometriosis in HIV patients 216 in lung transplant recipients 423, 428 and obstructive sleep apnoea 364 catamenial pneumothorax 337 thoracic 315 drug interactions, after lung transplantation 427 endometritis, TB 193 endoscopic lung volume reduction 118 endothelin receptor antagonist th erapy, drug susceptibilities, opportunist D D-dimer test 261, 263 decompression illness 408 \200\2239 decongestants 65 dehydration, r isk at high altitudes 404 mycobacteria 194 drug-induced lung disease pulmonary hypertension 268 ACE inhibitors 385 amiodarone 385 \200\2236 ARDS 385 beta blockers 385 endotracheal tube management 435 \200\2236 endurance training 107 engraftment syndrome 205 INDEX 465 Entamoeba histolytica 199 environmental exposures, role in COPD 90 eosinophilic airway in \202 ammation assessment, folded lung (Blesovsky \200\231s disease) 312, 415 food allergy, relationship to pollen sen sitivity 66 forced vital capacity (FVC) 19, 22 foreign body aspiration 177, 178 functional assessment, COPD 99 functional residual capacity (FRC) 10, 20 fungal diseases health care associated pneumonia (HCAP) 172 health status assessment 106 heart disease, car cinoid 308 heart failure asthma 84 eosinophilic bronchitis 61 eosinophilic pleural \202 uid 330 eosinophils, role in asthma 61 EPHX (Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase) Cheyne \200\223Stokes respiration 380 \200\2231 sleep disordered breathing 378 treatment 38 1 Aspergillus 196 \200\2237 in cystic \201 brosis patients 237, 243 endemic mycoses 197, 19 9 in HIV patients 216 in immune compromised patients 206 \200\2237 in lung transplant recip ients 423 molds 197 \200\2238 Pneumocystis jeroveci 197 treatment 198 yeasts 197 fusariosis 197 \200\2238 heart lung transplantation, in pulmonary gene 91 hypertension 269 heart sarcoidosis 152 Heerfordt syndrome 152 heliox, in acute asthma 80 he lper T cells, role in asthma 61 heparin see anticoagulation hepatic metastases, management in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonists 298 epithelioid haemangioendothelioma 313 Epstein Barr virus infection, lung transplant recipients 423 Epworth Sleepiness Scale 365 equal pressure point (EPP) 12 erlotinib (Tarceva) 298 ethambut ol resistance 190 exacerbations of asthma 78 \200\22380, 82 carcinoid 309 \200\22310 hepatocyte transplantation, AAT de \201 ciency 122 hepatopulmonary syndrome 161, 203 hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia assessment of risk 84 during pregnancy 76 role of eosinophils 61 exacerbations of COPD inve stigations 112 management 103, 112 \200\22314 pathophysiology 95, 96 prevention 103, 114 G galactomannan test 197 gas diffusion 14 gas exchange 13 \200\22314 (HHT) 456 \200\2237 Hering \200\223Breuer re \202 ex 16 herpes simplex virus infections, immune compromised patients 207 HHT3, HHT4 genes 457 HHV-6 207 high altitude 404 abnormalities in COPD 94 effect of high altitude 407 gastroesophageal re \202 ux (GOR) 160 exacerbations of cystic \201 brosis 236 \200\2237 diseases related to altitude 406 effect on pre-existing lung disease 407 effects on normal lung 404 \200\2235 cystic \201 brosis patients 246 investigations 37 management ladder 37 pathophysiology 36 role in BOS 424, 437 diagnosis 237 \200\2238 failure to improve 239 \200\22340 treatment 238 \200\2239 high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) 437 high resolution computed tomography exacerbations of IPF 140 \200\2231 exacerbations of NSIP 141 exercise testing 24 \200\2235, 39, 106 \200\2237 (HRCT) 5 gastrogra \201 n 254 gastrointestinal disease in acute interstitial pneumonia 140 in asbestosis 415, 416 in bronchiectasis 226 in Churg \200\223Strauss syndrome 446 in ciliary dyskinesia 449 in connective tissue disorders 156 i n cryptogenic organizing pneumonia 144 \200\2235 in COPD 98 in desqumative interstitial pne umonia 138 in extrinsic allergic alveolitis 149 in HIV patients 211 in lymphoid interstitia l pneumonia 142 \200\2233 in NSIP 132 organizing pneumonia 166 in RBILD 136 in sarcoidosis 153 in UIP 128, 129 disability assessment 397 in pulmonary hypertension 266 exercise therapy, cystic \201 bro sis 245 exhalation 11, 32 exhaled nitric oxide measurement 84 expiratory reserve volume (ER V) 20 extensive stage small cell lung cancer 300 extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation causes of pleural effusion 352 in lung transplant recipients 424 pulmonary manifestations 1 60 \200\2231 gastrointestinal TB 192 \200\2233 ge \201 tinib (Iressa) 298 gene mutations, hereditary ha emorrhagic telangiectasia 457 genetic advice, cystic \201 brosis 249 genetic factors \215 COPD 90 \200\2231 in lung can cer 283 in obstructive sleep apnoea 365 (ECMO) 439 extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) 359 extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) 196 classi \201 c ation and course 148 \200\2239 epidemiology 148 investigation and diagnosis 149 \200\22350 treatment 150 Geneva Score, revised 261 giant cell arteritis 272 goiter 162 gold exudative pleural effusion 329, 340 \200\2231 differentiation from transudates 329, 340, 342 hilar lymphadenopathy 143, 152 pneumotoxicity 387 use in asthma 75 eye, sarcoidosis 152 in amyloidosis 458 differential diagnosis 153, 155 Goodpasture \200\231s syndrome 278 granular cell tumors 315 \200\22316 granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating histoplasmosis 198, 216 HIV patients 218 alveolitis 220 assessment 210 \200\22311 bacterial pneumonia 213 causes of pulmonary infections 210 clinical features of pulmonary infection 211 COPD 220 fungal infections 216 immune reconstitution in \202 ammatory syndrome (IRIS) 213, 219 \200\22320 F fecal impaction, cystic \201 brosis 253 farm workers, COPD 412 farmer \200\231s lung 14 8, 150, 196 factor (GMCSF) role in PAP 442 in treatment of PAP 444 granulomata see also extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) 18FDG 302 fertility differential diagnosis 153 in sarcoidosis 154 ground glass appearance, HRCT 132, 138, in cystic \201 brosis 256 in primary ciliary dyskinesia 449 140, 142 GST (Glutathione S Transferase) gene 91 guided TBNA 319 Guillain \200\223Barr syndrome, c linical case 57 FEV1 19, 53 FEV1/VC versus FEV1/FVC 22 \201 brinolytics, in pleural infections 356 \201 broleiomyomas 313 \201 brosing organizing pneumonia 145 \200\2236 \201 brous tumors, p leura 312 \201 ne needle aspiration 289, 318 \200\22320 \201 ngers, sarcoid lesions 152 \201 ssures 2 \201 tness to dive 409 \202 atworms 198 \200\2239 \202 our millers, COPD 412 \200\22313 \202 ow limitation, COPD 94 \202 ow \200\223volume loops 19, 53 \202 ow \200\223volume relationships 12 \202 ying 407 investigations 211 \200\22312 Kaposi sarcoma 218 lung cancer 219 lymphoid interstitial pneu monia 142, 143 lymphoma and lymphomatous H HAART, in patients with tuberculosis 215 \200\22316 hemoglobin dissociation curve 30 haem atopoietic stem cell transplantation conditions 218 \200\22319 management approach 212 \200\22313 opportunistic mycobacterial infections 194 \200\2235 Pne umocystic jirovecii pneumonia 213 \200\22315 pulmonary arterial hypertension 220 tuberculos is 189, 215 \200\22316 virus infections 216 (HSCT) 204 \200\2235 viral infections 207 Haemophilus in \202 uenzae infection, cystic \201 brosis 237, 243 HMOX (haem oxygenase-1) 91 Hodgkin \200\231s disease 163 \200\2234 in HIV patients 219 haemoptysis 40 in cystic \201 brosis 239, 246 in lung cancer 284 massive 41 home oxygen therapy 124 after pneumothorax 338 cystic \201 brosis patients 246 in hereditary haemorrhagic telangi ectasia 457 ambulatory therapy 125 \200\2236 long term therapy 124 \200\2235 short burst therapy 126 Haldane Effect 14 hamartomas 313, 315 INDEX 466 in primary ciliary dyskinesia 449 home sleep studies 366 honeycombing appearance, HRCT 132 Hoover \200\231s sign 39 hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) latent TB infection 191 lateral chest X-rays 5 Lee index, perioperative cardiac risk in \202 ammation in COPD 92 \200\2233 suppression by corticosteroids 71 assessment 45 in \202 ammatory bowel disease 161 in \202 ammatory myo \201 broblastic tumor 313 in \202 ammatory polyps 316 in \202 iximab diagnosis 172 \200\2233 epidemiology 172 prevention 174 treatment 174 \200\2235 le \202 unomide pneumotoxicity 387 in sarcoidosis 155 leiomyomas 313 leishmaniasis 199 Lemierre \200\231s syndrome 354 leukemia 164 leukoencephal opathy, drug-induced 422, 427 \200\2238 leukotriene receptor antagonists 73 \200\2234, 80, 85 \200\2236 in sarcoidosis 155 TB reactivation 161 house dust mite (HDM) 65 human metapneumovirus 207 hyalinising granuloma 314 hydatid diseas e 198 hydralazine, lupus pleuritis 384 hydroxychloroquine, in sarcoidosis 155 5-hydroxyindo leacetic acid (5HIAA), carcinoid in \202 uenza 185 antiviral therapy 187 pneumonia 186 in \202 uenza vaccination 170, 186 inhalation 10, 11, 12, 32 inhaled corticosteroids in COPD 102 effectiveness in asthma control 85 link to Churg \200\223Strauss syndrome 446 L ight \200\231s criteria, pleural \202 uid 339, 340, 342 limited stage small cell lung can cer 300 linezolid 175 linkage analysis, COPD 91 lipase supplementation, cystic \201 brosi s 252 liver disease 161 \200\2232 tumors 308, 309 in asthma 72 in COPD 101, 102 pharmacokinetics 72 in sarcoidosis 154 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) metabolism 309 hypercalcaemia, in lung cancer 286, 288 hypercapni a, during diving 408 hypercapnic respiratory failure, indications for invasive ventilation 434 insoluble gas analysis 20 inspiratory capacity (IC) 20 intensive care hypersensitivity pneumonitis see extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) hypersomnolence see sleepiness hypertension, lung transplant reci pients 428 hyperthyroidism, breathlessness 162 hypertonic saline, use in cystic \201 bros is 245 hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy 286 hyperventilation 38, 39 hypnagogic hallu cinations 383 hypogammaglobulinaemia in AAT de \201 ciency 120, 121 in cystic \201 brosis 254 \200\2235 in sarcoidosis 152 TB treatment 189 HIV patients 212 \200\22313 mechanical ventilation 434 intercostal tube drainage 335 \200 \2236 interferon alpha, in treatment of carcinoid 309 interferon-gamma 1 130 interleukins, role in asthma 61 intermittent positive pressure ventilation liver function monitoring, antituberculous therapy 190 liver transplantation 203 \200\2234 in cystic \201 brosis 255 lobectomy, NSCLC 295 lobes 2 localized \201 brous tumors of t he pleura, (IPPV) 436 associated infections 205 association with LIP 142 interstitial lung disease drug-induced 384 generic algorithm 388 hypokalaemic alkalosis, in lung cancer 288 hyponatraemia, in lung cancer 288 hypoventilatio n, nocturnal 125, 376 \200\2238 hypoxaemia, as indication for LTOT 124 \200\2235 hypoxic pu lmonary vasoconstriction 13, 407 hypoxic respiratory failure, indications for surgery 358 \200\22359 L f \202 er \200\231s syndrome 199 Lofgrens syndrome 152 long-acti ng beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists 69 intracavitary drainage of bullae 117 intravenous access, in cystic \201 brosis 246, 247 i ntubation 435 indications in acute asthma 80 invasive pressure measurement 34 invasive pulmonary aspergil losis 197, 206 invasive ventilation effectiveness in asthma control 85 long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) 39, 124 invasive ventilation 434 assessment for 125 bene \201 ts and indications 124 \200\2235 low-dose spiral CT, lung can cer hypoxic ventilatory response, relationship to airway management 435 \200\2236 in COPD exacerbations 114 ethical considerations 435 genera l patient care 438 \200\2239 indications 434 \200\2235 monitoring 438 ventilator settings 4 37 \200\2238 weaning 438 mountain performance 404 screening 306 \200\2237 lung abscess 180 \200\2231 I iatrogenic pneumothorax 337 idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, HSCT 205 idiopathic pulmonary \201 brosis (IPF) differentiation from empyema 355 lung cancer etiology 282 \200\2233 brachytherapy 320 \200\2231 \201 tness for treatment 291 histologi cal type 282 in HIV patients 219 incidence 282 investigation and imaging 288 \200\22391 loc al tumor effects 284 metastatic effects 286 mortality 282 multi-disciplinary team working 2 91 Pancoast tumors 284, 285 paraneoplastic syndromes 286 \200\2237 patient information and support 292 photodynamic therapy 321 risk factors 288 risk in IPF 129, 130 superior vena ca va obstruction (SVCO) 285 \200\2236 symptoms 288 systemic effects 286 treatment assessment 304 see also non-small cell lung cancer; small cell lung cancer; solitary pulmonary nodules acute exacerbations 140 \200\2231 lung transplantation 420 treatment 129 \200\22330 see als o usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) 131iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131IMIBG) 309 ipratropium, in acute asthma 79 isoniazid resistance 190 isotime measurements 25 isotope bo ne scanning 291 IgE, in asthma 60 IgE tests 52, 64 \200\2235, 399 immersion pulmonary oedema 409 immune rec onstitution in \202 ammatory syndrome (IRIS) 213, 216, 219 \200\22320 immunocompromised patients associated infections 205 \200 \2237 diagnosis of pulmonary in \201 ltrates 202 \200\2233 haematopoietic stem cell transp lantation 204 \200\2235 J joint TB 192 K kaolinosis 392 Kaposi sarcoma 218 Kartagener \200\231s syndrome (primary ciliary neutropenia 203 non-invasive ventilation 375 solid organ transplantation 203 \200\2234 vira l infections 184 see also HIV patients dyskinesia) 448 \200\2239 Katayama fever 199 Kleine Levine syndrome 383 Kussmaul \200\231s respiration 162 immunomodulatory therapy, bronchiectasis 229 immunosuppression, assessment in HIV lung cancer screening 306 \200\2237 lung cancer staging PET-CT 302 \200\2233 staging system s 291 transbronchial \201 ne needle aspiration 319 patients 210 immunosuppressive therapy L labor, asthma management 76 \200\2237 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 211 in AASV 276 \200\2237 asthma 76, 88 in connective tissue disorders 157 in lymphoid intersti tial pneumonia 143 lung transplant recipients 427 in NSIP 133 in sarcoidosis 155 lung \202 ukes (paragonamiasis) 198 \200\2239 lung function elevation in PAP 443 lactate threshold 24 \200\2236 Lambert \200\223Eaton myasthenic syndro me 287 laminar \202 ow 12 Langerhan \200\231s cell histiocytosis 450 \200\2231 laryngeal amyloidosis 460, 461 laryngoscopy, re \202 ux variations 37 laser coagulation 320 disability assessment 394 \200\2235 relationship to disability 394 \200\2236 lung function tests 18 infants, causes of wheeze 53 infection control, TB 189 infertility in AAT de \201 ciency 121 before radiotherapy 297 in COPD 93 \200\2234, 98 determination o f airways resistance 20 \200\2231 in cystic \201 brosis 256 INDEX 467 infections in bronchiectasis patients 230 infections in cystic \201 brosis patients DLCO 21 \200\2232 HIV patients 211 investigation of wheeze 53 pre-operative 45 in pulmonary hypertension 266 in RBILD 136 reference values 22 results in respiratory muscle weakness 3 2 \200\2233 spirometric tests 18 \200\22319 static lung volumes 19 \200\22320 in UIP 128 lu ng parenchyma anatomy 2 C.T. appearance 6 \200\2237 normal chest X-ray appearance 4 mediastinum chest X-ray appearance 4 C.T. appearance 5 \200\2236 237, 243 infections in HIV patients 216 infections in lung transplant recipients 424 Meig \200\231s syndrome, pleural effusion 352 melanoptysis 393 meningioma, pulmonary 313 me ningitis, TB 193 mesothelioma causes 348 chest X-ray appearance 43 clinical features 348 co mpensation 350 diagnosis and staging 348 \200\2239, 351 epidemiology 348 pathogenesis 348 P ET-CT 304 prevention and screening 350 prognosis 349 \200\22350 surgery 359 treatment 350, 351 metabolic acidosis 31 metabolic alkalosis 31 metastases, detection by PET-CT 303 metast atic calci \201 cation 203 \200\2234 metastatic spread, lung cancer 286 methicillin-resist ant Staphylococcus aureus see N N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 130, 245, 254 narcolepsy 382 nasal CPAP, in treatment of obstructi ve sleep apnoea 367 \200\2238 nasal obstruction, obstructive sleep apnoea 363, 368 nasal polyposis 64 lung-protective ventilation 438 lung transplantation 118 in cystic \201 brosis 256 nasal potential difference 233, 248 nasal pressure 34 National Emphysema Treatment Trial Burkholderia cepacia complex infection 243 complications 422 \200\2235 contraindications 41 8 in cystic \201 brosis 246 and extra-pulmonary disease 419 in idiopathic pulmonary \201 brosis 130 in lymphoid interstitial pneumonia 143 in lymphangioleiomyomatosis 453 pati ent identi \201 cation 418 \200\22320 post-transplant care 426 \200\2239 pre-transplant ca re 426 psychosocial aspects 419 in pulmonary hypertension 269 survival 422 (NETT) 116, 117 NdYAG laser coagulation 320 neadjuvant chemotherapy, NSCLC 298 nebulisers use in acute asthma 79 use in COPD exacerbations 113 use in cystic \201 brosis 243 MRSA infection neck circumference, relationship to obstructive methotrexate sleep apnoea 363 in asthma 74 \200\2235, 86 pneumotoxicity 386 in sarcoidosis 155 neo-adjuvant radiotherapy, NSCLC 297 nephropathy, in AAT de \201 ciency 120 nephrotic synd rome, pleural effusions 342 nerve supply to lung 2 neural tumors 313 \200\22314 neurologica l paraneoplastic syndromes 287 neuromuscular disease methysergide, pneumotoxicity 386 metronidazole 178 microbiological tests lung volume reduction surgery 117 endoscopic 118 history 116 in community-acquired pneumonia 167 in cystic \201 brosis lung disease 242, 243 in HAP 17 2 \200\2233 pleural \202 uid 330 lymph node TB 192 lymphadenopathy 143 in amyloidosis 460 differential diagnosis 153, 155 op portunistic mycobacterial infection hypersomnolence 383 nocturnal hypoventilation 376 non-invasive ventilation 375 microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) 272, 275, 276 miliary TB 189, 193 MINI NIOX device 84 minocy cline, lupus pleuritis 384 mitomycin, pneumotoxicity 385 \200\22387 mixed dust \201 brosi s 392 MMP (matrix metalloproteinases), role in neutropenia 203 194 \200\2235 associated infections 205 in sarcoidosis 152 in TB 188, 189 nicotine replacement therapy 100 nitric oxide 13 lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) 452 \200\2233 lymphatic drainage of lung 2 lymphoid intersti tial pneumonia (LIP) 142 \200\2233, 220 lymphoma 163 \200\2234 exhaled 84, 449 nasal 451 nitrofurantoin, pneumotoxicity 384 \200\2235 Nocardia spp. infections 182, 205 \200\2236 no cturnal hypoventilation 376 COPD 91 moda \201 nil 383 monoclonal antibody therapies, asthma 74, 86 mononeuritis multip lex, Churg \200\223Strauss HIV patients 218 \200\22319 risk in LIP 143 diagnosis 377 as indication for LTOT 125 treatment 377 syndrome 448 M magnesium, in acute asthma 80 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 8 \200\2239 mosaic attenuation, HRCT 136 motor neuron disease clinical case 57 \200\22358 nocturnal hyp oventilation 376 nodular pulmonary amyloidosis 460 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), HIV patients 218, 219 non-intubated patients, HAP 172 non-invasive ventilation of cerebral metastases 290 Pancoast tumor 285 in pleural effusion 331 mold infections 197 \200\2238, 207 mouth pressures (MIP, MEP) 33 \200\2234 MRC dyspnoea sca le 38, 99, 106, 394 MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus in acute setting 374 \200\2235, 434 \200\2235 in community-acquired pneumonia 169 in COPD e xacerbations 113 \200\22314 in cystic \201 brosis 246 HIV patients 212 immune compromised patients 203 mechanisms of action 374 in nocturnal hypoventilation 377 in overlap syndrome 373 whilst awaiting lung transplantation 428 maintenance programs, pulmonary rehabilitation 109 aureus) infection malabsorption, cystic \201 brosis 252 malakoplakia 314 \200\22315 malaria 199 malignancy risk cystic \201 brosis 237, 243, 244 hospital acquired pneumonia 173, 175 mucinous cystadenoma 314 mucolytics after lung transplantation 421, 428 solitary pulmonary nodules 48 \200\2239 in asthma 75 in COPD 102 malignant pleural effusions 344 mucormycosis 197 \200\2238, 207 multi-drug resistance non-resolving community-acquired diagnosis 344 \200\2235 treatment 345 \200\2236 pneumonia 170 hospital-acquired pneumonia 173 TB 190, 216 non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy 297 \200\2238 combination treatments 298 follow up 298 radiotherapy 296 \200\2237 staging 291, 294 surgery 294 \200\2236 survival curves 294 t reatment by stage 295 mandibular advancement devices 368 \200\2239 massive haemoptysis 41 mast cells, role in ast hma 60 maximal exercise tests 395 maximal expiratory and inspiratory \202 ow multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) 218 \200\22319 multidisciplinary approach, asthma management 86 Multiple Sleep Latency Testing (MSLT) 382 muscle tone, role in obstructive sleep (MIF, MEF) 19 meconium ileus 254 mediastinal assessment, PET-CT 302, 303 mediastinal lymph node sampling, NSCLC apnoea 363 muscle weakness in connective tissue disorders 158 in COPD 95, 103, 106 non-speci \201 c interstitial pneumonia resection 296 (NSIP) 132 \200\2233 mediastinal lymphadenopathy 143, 152, 155 mutation analysis, cystic \201 brosis gene 233 myasthenia gravis, clinical case 57 myceto ma (aspergilloma) 196 mycobacteria other than tuberculosis acute exacerbations 141 HIV patients 220 in amyloidosis 460 in TB 188 transbronchial \201 ne needle aspiration 318 non-steroidal anti-in \202 ammatory drugs, in cystic \201 brosis 245 mediastinal pain 42, 43 (MOTT) 194 \200\2235, 206 INDEX 468 non-tuberculous mycobacteria see relationship to pH 30 pleural catheters, indwelling 345 pleural effusions 54, 328 mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) pain control, mesothelioma 350 palivizumab 187 palliative radiotherapy after liver transplantation 203 in amyloidosis 460 associated drugs 328 benign asbestos ple ural effusion (BAPE) 414 causes 329 clinical features 329 in connective tissue disorders 15 6 diagnostic algorithm 328 drug associated 341 exudative 340 \200\2231 investigation 54 \200\2235, 329 \200\22331 in liver disease 162 malignant 344 \200\2236 persistent undiagnos ed 331 \200\2232 surgery 358 in systemic disease 352 \200\2233 transudative 342 \200\2233 nutrition before lung transplantation 418 cystic \201 brosis patients 246 in pleural infections 356 NSCLC 297 SCLC 301 palliative therapy nutritional support, COPD 109 COPD exacerbations 114 long term oxygen therapy 125 Pancoast tumors 284, 285 pancreatic problems, cystic \201 brosis 252 \200\2233 pancreatic supplementation, cystic \201 brosis 252 pancreatitis 161 O obesity 20 as contra-indication to lung transplantation 419 pleural effusion 352 panniculitis, in AAT de \201 ciency 120 PaO2 28 in COPD 103, 109 non-invasive ventilation and CPAP 375 pulmonary manifestations 162 obesity related hypoventilation 372 obliterative bronchiolitis relationship to SaO2 30 papillary adenoma 314 papillomas, endobronchial 315 paracoccidioidomycosis 198, 216 paradox ical inspiratory movements 39 paradoxical IRIS 219 paragonamiasis (lung \202 ukes) 198 \200\2239 parain \202 uenza pleural eosinophilia, drug-induced 385 pleural \202 uid, normal 324 \200\2236 pleural \202 uid analysis 329 \200\22330 after HSCT 205 after lung transplantation 424 \200\2235 obstructive patterns, spirometry 18 \200\22319 obstructive sleep apnoea in malignant pleural effusion 344 in mesothelioma 349 causes 363 \200\2234 clinical case 57 consequences 364 \200\2235 de \201 nition 362 diagno sis 365 \200\2237 driving 270 \200\2231 epidemiology 365 overlap syndrome 372 \200\2233 pat hophysiology 362 \200\2233 treatment 367 \200\2239 pleural infection 354 diagnosis 354 \200\2235 treatment 356 \200\2237 immune compromised patients 207 secondary bacterial pneumonia 186 parain \202 uenza virus vaccines 186 paraneoplastic syndromes 286 \200\2237 parasitic lung disease 198 \200\2239 parasomnias 382 \200\2233 Parkinson \200\231s disease, hypersomnolen ce 383 pathologic features pleural lavage, cytology 325 pleural plaques 414 pleural splenosis 312 pleural thickening, diffuse 414 \200\2235 pleural thymoma 314 pleural tuberculosis 340 \200\2231 pleural tumors benign 312 localized \201 brous tumors 358 \200\2239 connective tissue disorders 156 cystic \201 brosis lung disease 242 extrinsic allergic al veolitis 149 lymphoid interstitial pneumonia 143 NSIP 132 \200\2233 RBILD 136 sarcoidosis 1 53, 154 occupational asthma 83 causes 398 de \201 nition 398 diagnosis 398 \200\223400 management 401 prevention 401 \200 \2232 pleuritic pain differential diagnosis 42 investigation 43 pleurodesis 337 \200\2238, 358 patient education occupational COPD 412 \200\22313 octreotide 309 oesophageal impedance 37 omalizumab 74, 86 open bullectomy 116 \200\22317 Operation Everest II 407 opiates, in Cheyne \200\223Stokes r espiration 381 opportunist mycobacteria see mycobacteria in malignant pleural effusions 345 asthma 86 bronchiectasis 229 \200\22330 COPD 108 pleuroperitoneal shunting 346 plexogenic arteriopathy 265 pneumococcal urinary antigen 211 pneumococcal vaccination 170 \200\2231 pneumoconiosis patient information and support, lung cancer 292 Pcrit, pharynx 363 peak expiratory \202 ow (PEF) 19 coal workers 390 \200\2231 epidemiology 390 kaolinosis 392 mixed dust \201 brosis 392 rad iographic classi \201 cation 390 silicosis 391 \200\2232 talc as cause 392 in acute asthma 78 in diagnosis of occupational asthma 399 other than tuberculosis (MOTT) Oracle device, CPAP delivery 368 oral corticosteroids, in asthma 70, 72 orexins 383 organiz ing pneumonia pectus excavatum 5 penicillamine, pneumotoxicity 385 percutaneous lung aspiration 181 perfo rmance status, lung cancer 291, 300 perfusion, distribution of 13 pericardial TB 193 period ic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) 382 peritoneal dialysis 163 permissive hypercapnia 438 pH causes 144 and \201 brotic interstitial lung disease 145 after radiotherapy 145 Pneumocystic jirovecii pneumonia 197, 206, 211, 213 diagnosis 213 \200\22314 management 214 \200\22315 treatment schedule 215 oseltamivir 187, 245 osteomalacia, in cystic \201 brosis 255 osteoporosis pneumonia CPAP 375 diagnosis in immune compromised in COPD 95, 103 in cystic \201 brosis 255 in lung transplant recipients 423 pleural \202 uid 330 relationship to PaCO2 30 patients 202 \200\2233 in HIV patients 213 \200\22315 secondary bacterial 186 viral 186 see also aspiration pneumonia; community acquired pneumonia; hospital acquired pneumonia pharyngeal pouch 160 pharynx, collapsibility 362 \200\2233 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibit ors, pulmonary hypertension 268 \200\2239 photodynamic therapy (PDT) 321 physiology ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), pleural effusion 352 overlap syndrome 372 \200\2233 oxidative stress, COPD 93 oxygen therap y 39, 124 in acute asthma 79 in Cheyne-Stokes respiration 381 in COPD 99, 103 in COPD exace rbations 113 in cystic \201 brosis 238, 246 in overlap syndrome 373 in pulmonary hyperten sion 267 during training 108 gas exchanger 13 \200\22314 respiratory control 15 \200\22316 ventilatory pump 10 \200\2231 3 Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) 168 pneumothorax advice on discharge 338 etiology 334 catamenial 337 clinical features 335 complications 335 in cystic \201 brosis 239 diving epidemiology 334 iatrogenic 337 in IPF 130 in lymphangi oleiomyomatosis 452 management 335 \200\2236 prevention of recurrence 337 \200\2238 physiotherapy in bronchiectasis 227 in ciliary dyskinesia 451 in cystic \201 brosis 238 picornavirus capsid blockers 187 PIOPED 2 study 261 pirfenidone 130 platinum based chemothe rapy, NSCLC 297 \200\2238 platypnoea 38 pleural aspiration 329 oxygen toxicity, diving 410 oxygen transportation 14 oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve 14 P PA (postero-anterior) chest X-ray 4 PaCO2 14, 28 diagnostic 55 pleural biopsy 331 in mesothelioma 349 INDEX 469 treatment 262 respiratory failure assessment 56 \200\2237 causes 56 clinical cases 57 \200\2238 in cystic \201 brosis 239 indications for invasive ventilation 434 size estimation 335 spontaneous 337 tension 336 pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) 270 pulmonary hypertension causes 269 chronic thromboembolic 269 \200\22370 classi \201 cation 264 clinical features 265 in connective tissue disorders 157 diagnosis 265 \200\2237 epidemiology 264 \200\2235 g enetic factors 265 HIV-associated 220 in liver disease 162 pathology 265 prognosis 269 trea tment 267 \200\2239 pollen sensitivity, oral allergy syndrome 66 polyarteritis nodosa 272 polycythaemia 99 poly myositis/dermatomyositis, treatment of respiratory muscle function 32 assessment algorithm 33 in COPD 94 imaging 33 measurement of muscle strength 33 \200\2234 lung disease 157 polyps, in \202 ammatory 316 polysomnography 366 \200\2237 pontine respir atory group (PRG) 15 porto-pulmonary shunting 161 positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) respiratory muscle training 108 respiratory polysomnography (RP) 366 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection 53 437, 438 antiviral therapy 187 clinical characteristics 185 in immune compromised patients 207 vacci nation 186 positron emission tomography (PET) 302 \200\2234 in lung cancer 290 in pleural effusion 331 solitary pulmonary nodules 49 post transplant ly mphoproliferative pulmonary in \201 ltrates, investigation in immune compromised patients 202 \200\2233 pulmonary Langerhan \200\231s cell histiocytosis respiratory viruses, transmission 185 restless legs syndrome (RLS) 382 restrictive patterns in spirometry 18 reversibility testing 21 rheumatoid arthritis 156 pleural effusion 353 tr eatment of lung disease 157 see also connective tissue disorders (PLCH) 450 \200\2231 pulmonary oedema disease 204, 205, 423, 428 post-HAART TB-IRIS 219 post-operative care 45 post-operative complications and mortality, after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation 205 after renal transplantation 204 diving-associated 409 high altitude-related 406, 407 re-exp ansion 337 NSCLC 296 post-radiotherapy organizing pneumonia 145 predictive testing, cystic \201 brosis 249 pre gnancy rhinovirus infections, clinical characteristics 185 pulmonary oxygen toxicity, diving 408 pulmonary rehabilitation 107 \200\2238 antibiotic therapy 238 asthma 76 \200\22377 changes in respiratory physiology 76 cystic \201 brosis patients 249 \200\22350, 256 \200\2237 pulmonary embolism 262 TB treatment 189 rib anomalies 5 rib fractures, cystic \201 brosis 239 ribavirin 187 rifampicin resistance 190 right heart catheterisation, in pulmonary in IPF 129 program organization and management 109 \200\22309 pulmonary vascular disease, effect of high altitude 407 hypertension 267 prenatal diagnosis, cystic \201 brosis 249 pre-operative assessment 44 \200\2235 pulmonary vasculitis see vasculitis pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) 265 pulse oxime try right \200\223left shunt, in PAVMs 456 \200\2237 risk assessment, pre-operative 45 roundwor ms 199 in NSCLC 296 pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) 436 pressure support ventilation (PSV) 437 primary ef fusion lymphoma (PEL) 219 \200\22320 primary graft dysfunction, lung in acute asthma 79 in obstructive sleep apnoea 57 relationship to PaO2 30 sleep studies 366 , 372, 373, 380 S saccharin test 448 \200\22349 salivary pepsin 37 salpingitis, TB 193 saltwater aspiration syndrome 409 SaO2, relationship to PaO2 30 sarcoidosis transplantation 422 procainamide, lupus pleuritis 384 progressive massive \201 brosis, coal workers pyrazinamide resistance 190 pneumoconiosis 390, 391 Q quality assurance, pulmonary rehabilitation 108 \200\2239 prone ventilation 437 prostanoid therapy, pulmonary hypertension 268 etiology 153 clinical staging 154 course of disease 154 diagnosis 153 epidemiology 153 orga n involvement 152 \200\2233 presentations 152 pulmonary hypertension 269 treatment and mana gement 154 \200\2235 protease-antiprotease imbalance, COPD 93 pseudochylothorax 330 pseudomonal vaccination 244 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mucoid 247 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic \201 brosis 236, 243, 244 HAP 173 quality of life, relationship to hypoxaemia 124 quality of life assessment 106 R radical pleurectomy/decortication 359 radiotherapy psychological factors in disability 396 psychological intervention in COPD 108 pulmonary al veolar proteinosis (PAP) etiology and pathophysiology 442 clinical presentation 442 diagnos is 442 \200\2234 epidemiology 442 treatment 443 \200\2234 in carcinoid 309 as cause of organizing pneumonia 145 in mesothelioma 350 in NSCLC 296 \200 \2237 pneumotoxicity 388 \200\22389 in SCLC 301 for tracheal tumors 455 SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) 185, 434 \200\2235 schistosomiasis 199 pulmonary hypertension 269 sclerosing pneumocytoma (sclerosing haemangioma) 314 screening radiotherapy planning, PET-CT 304 radon exposure, lung cancer risk 283 rapid sequence intub ation (RSI) 435 re-expansion pulmonary oedema 337 recombinant human DNase (rHDNase) pulmonary angiography, in haemoptysis 41 pulmonary arterial hypertension for cystic \201 brosis 232, 250 for lung cancer 304 \200\2235 for TB 191 in COPD 94 drug-induced 385 lung transplantation 420 seasonality, respiratory viruses 184 \200\2235 secondary bacterial pneumonia 186 seizures, after lung transplantation 427 \200\22328 selective decontamination of the digestive 228, 245 pulmonary arteriovenous malformations 456 \200\2237 pulmonary artery angiography 266 pulmon ary capillary haemangiomatosis refractory asthma 62 REM behavior disorder 383 renal disease tract (SDD) 174 (PCH) 265 self management, COPD 110 semen analysis, cystic \201 brosis 233 sensory receptors 15 \200\22316 septal thickening, HRCT 140 serotonin (5HT) metabolism 308 severe acute respirat ory syndrome in lung transplantation recipients 423, 428 pulmonary manifestations 163 TB treatment 189 pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) 267 pulmonary circulation, effect of high renal function, in candidates for lung altitude 405 pulmonary embolism CT appearance 43 diagnosis 260 \200\2231 diagnostic algorit hm 262 epidemiology and etiology 260 maternal deaths 76 pleural effusion 340, 343 in pregna ncy 262 transplantation 419 renal transplantation 204 rescue therapy, COPD 102 residual volume (RV) 10, 20 resistance, determination 20 \200\2231 respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interst itial (SARS) 185, 432 \200\2233 severity assessment, community-acquired pneumonia 168 shift work sleep disorder 382 short-acting beta2-adrenoreceptor lung disease (RBILD) 136 \200\2237 agonists 69 respiratory control 15 \200\22316 INDEX 470 sputum cytology, lung cancer screening 306 sputum induction 84 HIV patients 212 short burst oxygen therapy (SBOT) 39, 124, 126 shuttle walk tests 106 \200\2237, 395 silico sis 391 \200\2232 single inhaler therapy, asthma 85 single-photon emission computed tomogra phy (SPECT), solitary pulmonary nodules 49 use in pleurodesis 338, 345 tapeworms 198 taxanes, pneumotoxicity 387 TB meningitis 193 tension pneumothorax 334, 336 t etracycline, use in pleurodesis 338 thalidomide, in sarcoidosis 155 theophylline 69 \200 \22370, 101, 102 squamous cell carcinoma, tracheal 456 squeaks, inspiratory 39 staf \201 ng levels, pulmona ry rehabilitation 108 staging sinusitis, in cystic \201 brosis 256 six minute walking test (6MWT) 24, 106, 395 Sj gren \200\231s syndrome, association with LIP 142 skin amyloidosis 461 lung cancer 291, 294, 300 sarcoidosis 154 in Cheyne \200\223Stokes respiration 381 in COPD exacerbations 113 standard bicarbonate (SBC) 30 \200\2231 Staphylococcus aureus carriage, Wegener \200\231s sarcoid lesions 152 TB 193 thoracentesis 329, 340, 342 in malignant pleural effusion 345 granulomatosis 272 skin prick tests 64, 399 sleep disordered breathing, chronic heart thoracic actinomycosis 183 thoracoscopy Staphylococcus aureus infection, cystic \201 brosis 237, 243, 245 static lung volumes 10, 19 \200\22320 stenotic airway disease, Wegener \200\231s granulomatosis 273, 274, 277 failure 378, 380 \200\2231 malignant pleural effusion 345 mesothelioma 349 pleural effusion 331 solitary bronchial nod ules 50 sleep disorders driving 370 \200\2231 effect of high altitude 407 overlap syndrome 372 \200 \2233 see also Cheyne \200\223Stokes respiration; obstructive sleep apnoea; overlap syndrom e sleep paralysis 383 sleep studies 366 \200\2237 stenting 321 thoracotomy, solitary bronchial nodules 50 throboembolic disease, pulmonary in SVCO 285 \200\2236 stepwise algorithm, asthma management 84, 85 steroid sparing therapies, asthma 86 strength training 107 Streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic resistance 168 vaccination 170 \200\2231 hypertension 269 \200\22370 thrombolysis, in PE 262 thrombophilia screening, pulmonary hypertension 265 in Cheyne \200\223Stokes respiration 380 in motor neuron disease 57, 58 nocturnal hypoventi lation 377 thrombophilias 260 thymoma 314 thyroid disease, pulmonary manifestations 162 TLIM, exercise testing 25 TNF blockers, as cause of lung disease 387 TNM staging, NSCLC 291, 294 total lu ng capacity (TLC) 10, 20 tracheal stenosis, Wegener \200\231s granulomatosis streptomycin resistance 190 stretch receptors 16 stridor 52 subglottic stenosis, Wegener \200\231s granulomatosis 273, 274 subpulmonary effusions 54 suction, in management of pneum othorax 336 super dimension TBNA 319 superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) 285 \200\2236 sleepiness assessment 370 causes 382 \200\2233 history and investigation 382 in obstructive sleep apno ea 365 sleeve lobectomy 295 Smad4 gene 457 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) 273, 274, 277 tracheal tumors 454 \200\2235 tracheobronchial amyloidosis 458, 459 tracheobronchial collap se 18 tracheobronchial pain 42, 43 tracheobronchial stents 321 tracheostomy 436 transbronch ial biopsy in HIV patients 212 in immune compromised patients 203 in sarcoidosis 155 in UIP 129 radiotherapy 297 chemotherapy 300 \200\2231 radiotherapy 301 staging 291, 300 surgery 301 supportive therapy, COPD exacerbations 112, 113 \200\22314 surfactant 12 surgery smokers, suitability for pulmonary for COPD 116 \200\22318 for empyema 358 for haemoptysis 41 indications in lung abscesses 18 1 for localized \201 brous tumors of the rehabilitation 108 smoking and AAT de \201 ciency 120, 122 association with PLCH 450 relationship to DIP 138 relation ship to RBILD 136 risk of community-acquired pneumonia 170 risk of pneumothorax 334, 337 ri sks in home oxygen therapy 125 role in COPD 90, 92 \200\2233 role in lung cancer 282 \200 \2233 smoking cessation 100 \200\2231, 102 transbronchial \201 ne needle aspiration 318 \200\22319 pleura 358 \200\2239 solitary pulmonary nodules 49 transcutaneous CO2 monitoring 377 transcutaneous electrical m uscle stimulation,