What are the guideline sources, guidelines and references for Adhesive capsulitis ?
Guideline sources The following summarized guidelines for the evaluation and management of adhesive capsulitis are prepared by our editorial team based on guidelines from the American College of Radiology (ACR 2018) and the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA 2013). 1 2 3 3 3 4 Definition Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder syndrome, is the thickening and contraction of the glenohumeral capsule that is characterized by pain, stiffness, and limited function of the glenohumeral joint. 3 Epidemiology The cause of adhesive capsulitis is unknown; however, it is associated with a shoulder injury or surgery, diabetes, rotator cuff injury, cerebrovascular accident, or CVD. 3 Disease course The thickening and contraction of the shoulder capsule and inflammatory changes in the shoulder joint capsule result in adhesive capsulitis, which causes clinical manifestations of pain, stiffness, decrease in the ROM (with flexion, abduction, external and internal rotation) of the affected shoulder. The disease progresses through three phases, namely, painful, stiffness, and recovery or thawing stage. 3 https://web.pathway.md/diseases/receiIdP1bmsyc8PZ 1/4 6/23/23, 2:09 AM Adhesive capsulitis Pathway Prognosis and risk of recurrence Adhesive capsulitis is not associated with an increase in mortality. 4 Pathway Adhesive capsulitis Diagnosis and management Guidelines 1. Screening and diagnosis Differential diagnosis: consider assessing for alternative diagnoses if the reported activity limitations or impairments of body function and structure are not consistent with the diagnosis/clinical presentation of adhesive capsulitis, or if the patient's symptoms do not respond to treatment. E Clinical presentation: recognize that patients with adhesive capsulitis present with a gradual and progressive onset of pain and loss of active and passive shoulder motion in both elevation and rotation. E Show 2 more 2. Diagnostic investigations Functional assessment tools: Use validated functional outcome measures, such as the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder scale, or the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, utilized before and after interventions intended to alleviate the impairments of body function and structure, activity limitations, and participation restrictions associated with adhesive capsulitis. A Use easily reproducible activity limitation and participation restriction measures associated with shoulder pain to assess the changes in the level of shoulder function over the episode of care. E Clinical examination: assess for impairments in the capsuloligamentous complex and musculotendinous structures surrounding the shoulder complex when a patient presents with shoulder pain and mobility deficits. Elicit loss of passive motion in multiple planes, particularly external rotation with the arm at the side and in varying degrees of shoulder abduction, which is a significant finding that can be used to guide treatment planning. B Show 2 more Diagnostic imaging: https://web.pathway.md/diseases/receiIdP1bmsyc8PZ 2/4 6/23/23, 2:09 AM Adhesive capsulitis Pathway Obtain a shoulder X-ray as the initial imaging in patients with atraumatic shoulder pain. B Obtain shoulder MRI when initial radiographs are normal or inconclusive in patents with suspected adhesive capsulitis. B 3. Nonpharmacologic interventions Joint mobilization: consider offering joint mobilization procedures primarily directed to the glenohumeral joint to reduce pain and increase motion and function in patients with adhesive capsulitis. C Stretching exercises: instruct patients with adhesive capsulitis to perform stretching exercises, and guide the intensity of the exercises by the patient's tissue irritability level. B 4. Therapeutic procedures Intra-articular corticosteroid injections: perform intra-articular corticosteroid injections in addition to advising shoulder mobility and stretching exercises to improve short-term pain relief and function. A Translational manipulation: Consider performing translational manipulation under anesthesia directed to the glenohumeral joint in patients with adhesive capsulitis who are not responding to conservative interventions. C Consider translational manipulation under anesthesia directed to the glenohumeral joint in patients with adhesive capsulitis who do not respond to conservative treatment. C Electrotherapy: consider performing shortwave diathermy, ultrasound, or electrical stimulation combined with practicing mobility and stretching exercises to reduce pain and improve shoulder ROM in patients with adhesive capsulitis. C 5. Patient education Patient education: educate patients about the natural course of the disease, promote activity modification to encourage functional, pain-free ROM, and ensure that the intensity of stretching matches to the patient's current level of irritability. B References 1. Martin J Kelley, Michael A Shaffer, John E Kuhn et al. Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013 May;43 5 A1 31. Open 2. Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging:, Kirstin M Small, Ronald S Adler et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria Shoulder Pain-Atraumatic. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018 Nov;15 11S S388 S402. Open https://web.pathway.md/diseases/receiIdP1bmsyc8PZ 3/4 6/23/23, 2:09 AM Adhesive capsulitis Pathway 3. Phil Page, Andre Labbe. Adhesive capsulitis: use the evidence to integrate your interventions. 2010 Dec;5 4 266 73.2010 Dec;5 4 266 73. Open 4. Jason Ramirez. Adhesive Capsulitis: Diagnosis and Management. 2019 Mar 1;99 5 297 300.2019 Mar 1;99 5 297 300. Open 5. Joseph D Lamplot, Olivia Lillegraven, Robert H Brophy. Outcomes From Conservative Treatment of Shoulder Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis and Factors Associated With Developing Contralateral Disease. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018 Jul 12;6 7 2325967118785169. Open 6. Hai V Le, Stella J Lee, Ara Nazarian et al. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments. Shoulder Elbow. 2017 Apr;9 2 75 84. Open 7. Richard Dias, Steven Cutts, Samir Massoud. Frozen shoulder. BMJ. 2005 Dec 17;331 7530 1453 6. Open 8. Anthony Ewald. Adhesive capsulitis: a review. Am Fam Physician. 2011 Feb 15;83 4 417 22. Open 9. Shih-Wei Huang, Jia-Wei Lin, Wei-Te Wang et al. Hyperthyroidism is a risk factor for developing adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a nationwide longitudinal population-based study. Sci Rep. 2014 Feb 25;4 4183. Open 10. Robert C Manske, Daniel Prohaska. Diagnosis and management of adhesive capsulitis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008 Dec;1 3 4 180 9. Open 11. John M. St Angelo, Sarah E. Fabiano. Adhesive Capsulitis. In: StatPearls Internet]. Treasure Island FL StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan. 2020 Oct 27. Open https://web.pathway.md/diseases/receiIdP1bmsyc8PZ 4/4