What are the potential fetal complications from in utero exposure to VKAs during pregnancy?
The most common fetal anomaly developing as a consequence of fetal exposure to warfarin consists of midfacial hypoplasia and stippled epiphyses and typically occurs after in utero exposure to VKAs during the first trimester of pregnancy. VKAs have also been associated with CNS abnormalities after exposure during any trimester, but these complications are rare.