What are the lifestyle and pharmacological treatments for lowering blood pressure in CKD ND patients?
This section outlines lifestyle and pharmacological methods to reduce BP in patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (CKD ND). Lifestyle modifications include reducing dietary salt and fat intake, achieving optimal weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and reducing alcohol consumption. Pharmacological treatments include the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) as first-line agents, as well as the use of thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers, which should be used in combination with ACE inhibitors or ARBs.