What are some potential uses for circulating biomarkers in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction?
Circulating biomarkers have the potential to be used for predicting mortality and long-term heart failure risk, identifying the cause of heart failure and determining the best course of treatment for patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. For example, biomarkers such as ST2, galectin-3, and highly-sensitive troponin T can be used to stratify heart failure risk, while biomarkers such as midregion proANP and copeptin can be used to monitor disease progression. Additionally, microRNAs can be used to detect early signs of cardiovascular disease. 