What is the role of bridging for AF patients taking warfarin or NOACs?
In AF patients taking warfarin without high risk of thromboembolism or do not have a mechanical valve, we suggest preoperative management without bridging. In AF patients on antithrombotic prophylaxis with warfarin with a high risk of thromboembolism or with a mechanical valve, we suggest preoperative management with bridging. In AF patients on antithrombotic prophylaxis with an NOAC, we suggest preoperative management without bridging.