, Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999;341:709 17. 182. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, et al. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med 2011;364: 11 21. 183. Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Armstrong PW, et al., ATLAS Study Group. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. Circulation 1999;100:2312 8. 184. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1309 21. 185. CBIS II Authors. The Cardiac Insuf ciency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS- II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:9 13. 186. Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, et al. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1651 8. 187. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT- HF). Lancet 1999;353:2001 7. 188. Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, et al. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:1547 52. 189. Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 2003;362:772 6. 190. Crozier I, Ikram H, Awan N, et al., Losartan Hemodynamic Study Group. Losartan in heart failure: hemodynamic effects and tolerability. Circulation 1995;91:691 7. 191. Gottlieb SS, Dickstein K, Fleck E, et al. Hemodynamic and neurohor- monal effects of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993;88:1602 9. 192. Mazayev VP, Fomina IG, Kazakov EN, et al. Valsartan in heart failure patients previously untreated with an ACE inhibitor. Int J Cardiol 1998; 65:239 46. 193. McKelvie RS, Yusuf S, Pericak D, et al. Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study: the RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators. Circulation 1999; 100:1056 64. 194. Riegger GA, Bouzo H, Petr P, et al., for the Symptom, Tolerability, Response to Exercise Trial of Candesartan Cilexetil in Heart Failure (STRETCH) Investigators. Improvement in exercise tolerance and symptoms of congestive heart failure during treatment with candesartan cilexetil: Circulation 1999;100:2224 30. 195. Sharma D, Buyse M, Pitt B, et al. Meta-analysis of observed mortality data from all-controlled, double-blind, multiple-dose studies of losartan in heart failure: Losartan Heart Failure Mortality Meta-analysis Study Group. Am J Cardiol 2000;85:187 92. 196. Velazquez EJ, Pfeffer MA, McMurray JV, et al. VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial: baseline characteristics in context. Eur J Heart Fail 2003;5:537 44. 197. Vizzardi E, D Aloia A, Giubbini R, et al. Effect of spironolactone on left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes in patients with class I or II heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2010;106:1292 6. 198. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS, et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med 2004;351:543 51. 199. Bozkurt B, Agoston I, Knowlton AA. Complications of inappropriate use of spironolactone in heart failure: when an old medicine spirals out of new guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:211 4. 200. Butler J, Ezekowitz JA, Collins SP, et al. Update on aldosterone antagonists use in heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: Heart Failure Society of America Guidelines Committee. J Card Fail 2012;18:265 81. 201. Fonarow GC, Yancy CW, Hernandez AF, et al. Potential impact of optimal implementation of evidence-based heart failure therapies on mortality. Am Heart J 2011;161:1024 30. 202. The Digitalis Investigation Group The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997;336: 525 33. 203. The Captopril-Digoxin Multicenter Research Group Comparative effects of therapy with captopril and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. JAMA 1988;259:539 44. 204. Dobbs SM, Kenyon WI, Dobbs RJ. Maintenance digoxin after an episode of heart failure: placebo-controlled trial in outpatients. Br Med J 1977;1:749 52. 205. Lee DC, Johnson RA, Bingham JB, et al. Heart failure in outpatients: a randomized trial of digoxin versus placebo. N Engl J Med 1982;306: 699 705. 206. Guyatt GH, Sullivan MJ, Fallen EL, et al. A controlled trial of digoxin in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1988;61:371 5. 207. DiBianco R, Shabetai R, Kostuk W, et al. A comparison of oral milri- none, digoxin, and their combination in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1989;320:677 83. 208. Uretsky BF, Young JB, Shahidi FE, et al. Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: results of the PROVED trial. PROVED Investigative Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22: 955 62. 209. Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB, et al. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin- converting-enzyme inhibitors: RADIANCE Study. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1 7. 210. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial brillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365: 981 92. 211. Cairns JA, Connolly S, McMurtry S, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society atrial brillation guidelines 2010: prevention of stroke and systemic thromboembolism in atrial brillation and utter. Can J Cardiol 2011;27:74 90. 212. Risk factors for stroke and ef cacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial brillation: analysis of pooled data from ve randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:1449 57. Erratum in: Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:2254. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 Yancy et al. October 15, 2013:1495 539 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary 213. Hughes M, Lip GY. Stroke and thromboembolism in atrial brillation: a systematic review of stroke risk factors, risk strati cation schema and cost effectiveness data. Thromb Haemost 2008;99:295 304. 214. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial brillation. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1139 51. 215. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. Newly identi ed events in the RE-LY trial. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1875 6. 216. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial brillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365:883 91. 217. Dries DL, Rosenberg YD, Waclawiw MA, et al. Ejection fraction and risk of thromboembolic events in patients with systolic dysfunction and sinus rhythm: evidence for gender differences in the studies of left ventricular dysfunction trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:1074 80. 218. Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial brillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibril- lation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2010; 31:2369 429. 219. Freudenberger RS, Hellkamp AS, Halperin JL, et al. Risk of thrombo- embolism in heart failure: an analysis from the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT). Circulation 2007;115:2637 41. 220. Loh E, Sutton MS, Wun CC, et al. Ventricular dysfunction and the risk of stroke after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;336:251 7. 221. Massie BM, Collins JF, Ammon SE, et al. Randomized trial of warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with chronic heart failure: the Warfarin and Antiplatelet Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure (WATCH) trial. Circulation 2009;119:1616 24. 222. Homma S, Thompson JL, Pullicino PM, et al. Warfarin and aspirin in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm. N Engl J Med 2012;366: 1859 69. 223. Horwich TB, MacLellan WR, Fonarow GC. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:642 8. 224. Anker SD, Clark AL, Winkler R, et al. Statin use and survival in patients with chronic heart failure: results from two observational studies with 5200 patients. Int J Cardiol 2006;112:234 42. 225. Go AS, Lee WY, Yang J, et al. Statin therapy and risks for death and hospitalization in chronic heart failure. JAMA 2006;296:2105 11. 226. Foody JM, Shah R, Galusha D, et al. Statins and mortality among elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure. Circulation 2006;113: 1086 92. 227. Kjekshus J, Apetrei E, Barrios V, et al. Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2248 61. 228. Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Marchioli R, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:1231 9. 229. Macchia A, Levantesi G, Franzosi MG, et al. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction, total mortality, and sudden death in patients with myocar- dial infarction treated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eur J Heart Fail 2005;7:904 9. 230. Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Marchioli R, et al. Effect of n-3 poly- unsaturated fatty acids in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI- HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:1223 30. 231. McMurray JJ, Dunselman P, Wedel H, et al. Coenzyme Q10, rosuvas- tatin, and clinical outcomes in heart failure: a pre-speci ed substudy of CORONA (Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Study in Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1196 204. 232. Soukoulis V, Dihu JB, Sole M, et al. Micronutrient de ciencies an unmet need in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:1660 73. 233. Effect of verapamil on mortality and major events after acute myocardial infarction (the Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial II DAVIT II). Am J Cardiol 1990;66:779 85. 234. Goldstein RE, Boccuzzi SJ, Cruess D, et al. Diltiazem increases late- onset congestive heart failure in postinfarction patients with early reduction in ejection fraction: the Adverse Experience Committee; and the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Research Group. Circulation 1991;83:52 60. 235. Waldo AL, Camm AJ, deRuyter H, et al. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction: the SWORD Investigators: Survival With Oral d-Sotalol. Lancet 1996;348:7 12. 236. Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, McMurray JJ, et al. Increased mortality after dronedarone therapy for severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 2008;358: 2678 87. 237. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. Preliminary report: effect of encainide and ecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989;321:406 12. 238. The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group. The effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1988;319:385 92. 239. Figulla HR, Gietzen F, Zeymer U, et al. Diltiazem improves cardiac function and exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: results of the Diltiazem in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Trial. Circulation 1996;94:346 52. 240. Elkayam U, Amin J, Mehra A, et al. A prospective, randomized, double- blind, crossover study to compare the ef cacy and safety of chronic nifedipine therapy with that of isosorbide dinitrate and their combination in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation 1990;82: 1954 61. 241. Gislason GH, Rasmussen JN, Abildstrom SZ, et al. Increased mortality and cardiovascular morbidity associated with use of nonsteroidal anti- in ammatory drugs in chronic heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169:141 9. 242. Heerdink ER, Leufkens HG, Herings RM, et al. NSAIDs associated with increased risk of congestive heart failure in elderly patients taking diuretics. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1108 12. 243. Hudson M, Richard H, Pilote L. Differences in outcomes of patients with congestive heart failure prescribed celecoxib, rofecoxib, or non- steroidal anti-in ammatory drugs: population based study. BMJ 2005; 330:1370. 244. Lipscombe LL, Gomes T, Levesque LE, et al. Thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular outcomes in older patients with diabetes. JAMA 2007; 298:2634 43. 245. Setaro JF, Zaret BL, Schulman DS, et al. Usefulness of verapamil for congestive heart failure associated with abnormal left ventricular dia- stolic lling and normal left ventricular systolic performance. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:981 6. 246. Packer M, O Connor CM, Ghali JK, et al., Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation Study Group. Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1107 14. 247. Levy D, Larson MG, Vasan RS, et al. The progression from hyperten- sion to congestive heart failure. JAMA 1996;275:1557 62. 248. Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. Lancet 2003;362:777 81. 249. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-de brillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352:225 37. 250. Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, et al. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1845 53. 251. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable de brillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2140 50. 252. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1539 49. 253. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1329 38. 254. Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, et al., Multicenter Automatic De brillator Implantation Trial Investigators. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. N Engl J Med 2010;363: 2385 95. 255. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, et al. Improved survival with an implanted de brillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1933 40. Yancy et al. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary October 15, 2013:1495 539 256. Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, et al., Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1882 90. 257. Hohnloser SH, Kuck KH, Dorian P, et al. Prophylactic use of an implantable cardioverter-de brillator after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2481 8. 258. Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, et al. Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1834 43. 259. Brignole M, Gammage M, Puggioni E, et al. Comparative assessment of right, left, and biventricular pacing in patients with permanent atrial brillation. Eur Heart J 2005;26:712 22. 260. Brignole M, Botto G, Mont L, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients undergoing atrioventricular junction ablation for permanent atrial brillation: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2420 9. 261. Doshi RN, Daoud EG, Fellows C, et al. Left ventricular-based cardiac stimulation post AV nodal ablation evaluation (the PAVE study). J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005;16:1160 5. 262. Gasparini M, Auricchio A, Regoli F, et al. Four-year ef cacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy on exercise tolerance and disease progression: the importance of performing atrioventricular junction ablation in patients with atrial brillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:734 43. 263. Wilton SB, Leung AA, Ghali WA, et al. Outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with versus those without atrial brillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm 2011; 8:1088 94. 264. Upadhyay GA, Choudhry NK, Auricchio A, et al. Cardiac resynchro- nization in patients with atrial brillation: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1239 46. 265. Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, et al. Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable de brillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable De brillator (DAVID) Trial. JAMA 2002;288:3115 23. 266. Adelstein E, Schwartzman D, Gorcsan J 3rd, et al. Predicting hyper- response among pacemaker-dependent nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients upgraded to cardiac resynchronization. J Cardiovasc Electro- physiol 2011;22:905 11. 267. Vatankulu MA, Goktekin O, Kaya MG, et al. Effect of long-term resynchronization therapy on left ventricular remodeling in pacemaker patients upgraded to biventricular devices. Am J Cardiol 2009;103: 1280 4. 268. Setoguchi S, Nohria A, Rassen JA, et al. Maximum potential bene t of implantable de brillators in preventing sudden death after hospital admission because of heart failure. CMAJ 2009;180:611 6. 269. Carson P, Anand I, O Connor C, et al. Mode of death in advanced heart failure: the Comparison of Medical, Pacing, and De brillation Therapies in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46: 2329 34. 270. Zareba W, Piotrowicz K, McNitt S, et al. Implantable cardioverter- de brillator ef cacy in patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction (from the MADIT II population). Am J Cardiol 2005;95: 1487 91. 271. Mozaffarian D, Anker SD, Anand I, et al. Prediction of mode of death in heart failure: the Seattle Heart Failure Model. Circulation 2007;116: 392 8. 272. Rickard J, Bassiouny M, Cronin EM, et al. Predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with a non-left bundle branch block morphology. Am J Cardiol 2011;108:1576 80. 273. Deleted in press. 274. Russell SD, Miller LW, Pagani FD. Advanced heart failure: a call to action. Congest Heart Fail 2008;14:316 21. 275. Aranda JM Jr., Scho eld RS, Pauly DF, et al. Comparison of dobutamine versus milrinone therapy in hospitalized patients awaiting cardiac trans- plantation: a prospective, randomized trial. Am Heart J 2003;145:324 9. 276. Brozena SC, Twomey C, Goldberg LR, et al. A prospective study of continuous intravenous milrinone therapy for status IB patients awaiting heart transplant at home. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004;23: 1082 6. 277. Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF Jr., et al. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;287:1541 7. 278. Elkayam U, Tasissa G, Binanay C, et al. Use and impact of inotropes and vasodilator therapy in hospitalized patients with severe heart failure. Am Heart J 2007;153:98 104. 279. Abraham WT, Adams KF, Fonarow GC, et al. In-hospital mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous vasoactive medications: an analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:57 64. 280. O Connor CM, Gattis WA, Uretsky BF, et al. Continuous intravenous dobutamine is associated with an increased risk of death in patients with advanced heart failure: insights from the Flolan International Random- ized Survival Trial (FIRST). Am Heart J 1999;138:78 86. 281. Hershberger RE, Nauman D, Walker TL, et al. Care processes and clinical outcomes of continuous outpatient support with inotropes (COSI) in patients with refractory endstage heart failure. J Card Fail 2003;9:180 7. 282. Gorodeski EZ, Chu EC, Reese JR, et al. Prognosis on chronic dobut- amine or milrinone infusions for stage D heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2009;2:320 4. 283. Cohn JN, Goldstein SO, Greenberg BH, et al., Vesnarinone Trial Investigators. A dose-dependent increase in mortality with vesnarinone among patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1998;339: 1810 6. 284. Hampton JR, van Veldhuisen DJ, Kleber FX, et al., Second Prospective Randomised Study of Ibopamine on Mortality and Ef cacy (PRIME II) Investigators. Randomised study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure. Lancet 1997;349:971 7. 285. Lubsen J, Just H, Hjalmarsson AC, et al. Effect of pimobendan on exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: main results from the Pimobendan in Congestive Heart Failure (PICO) trial. Heart 1996;76: 223 31. 286. Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, et al., the PROMISE Study Research Group. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1468 75. 287. Metra M, Eichhorn E, Abraham WT, et al. Effects of low-dose oral enoximone administration on mortality, morbidity, and exercise capacity in patients with advanced heart failure: the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group ESSENTIAL trials. Eur Heart J 2009;30:3015 26. 288. Oliva F, Latini R, Politi A, et al. Intermittent 6-month low-dose dobutamine infusion in severe heart failure: DICE multicenter trial. Am Heart J 1999;138:247 53. 289. Pagani FD, Miller LW, Russell SD, et al. Extended mechanical circu- latory support with a continuous- ow rotary left ventricular assist device. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:312 21. 290. Alba AC, Rao V, Ross HJ, et al. Impact of xed pulmonary hypertension on post-heart transplant outcomes in bridge-to-transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:1253 8. 291. Elhenawy AM, Algarni KD, Rodger M, et al. Mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to transplant candidacy. J Card Surg 2011;26:542 7. 292. Nair PK, Kormos RL, Teuteberg JJ, et al. Pulsatile left ventricular assist device support as a bridge to decision in patients with end-stage heart failure complicated by pulmonary hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:201 8. 293. Miller LW, Pagani FD, Russell SD, et al. Use of a continuous- ow device in patients awaiting heart transplantation. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:885 96. 294. Lahpor J, Khaghani A, Hetzer R, et al. European results with a contin- uous- ow ventricular assist device for advanced heart-failure patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:357 61. 295. Starling RC, Naka Y, Boyle AJ, et al. Results of the post-U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approval study with a continuous ow left ventricular assist device as a bridge to heart transplantation: a prospective study using the INTERMACS (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support). J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:1890 8. 296. Grady KL, Meyer PM, Dressler D, et al. Longitudinal change in quality of life and impact on survival after left ventricular assist device implantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;77:1321 7. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 Yancy et al. October 15, 2013:1495 539 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary 297. Burkhoff D, Cohen H, Brunckhorst C, et al. A randomized multicenter clinical study to evaluate the safety and ef cacy of the TandemHeart percutaneous ventricular assist device versus conventional therapy with intraaortic balloon pumping for treatment of cardiogenic shock. Am Heart J 2006;152:469 8. 298. Greenberg B, Czerska B, Delgado RM, et al. Effects of continuous aortic ow augmentation in patients with exacerbation of heart failure inade- quately responsive to medical therapy: results of the Multicenter Trial of the Orqis Medical Cancion System for the Enhanced Treatment of Heart Failure Unresponsive to Medical Therapy (MOMENTUM). Circulation 2008;118:1241 9. 299. Seyfarth M, Sibbing D, Bauer I, et al. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the safety and ef cacy of a percutaneous left ventricular assist device versus intra-aortic balloon pumping for treatment of cardiogenic shock caused by myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52: 1584 8. 300. Thiele H, Sick P, Boudriot E, et al. Randomized comparison of intra- aortic balloon support with a percutaneous left ventricular assist device in patients with revascularized acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1276 83. 301. Rose EA, Gelijns AC, Moskowitz AJ, et al. Long-term use of a left ventricular assist device for end-stage heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1435 43. 302. Stevenson LW, Miller LW, Desvigne-Nickens P, et al. Left ventricular assist device as destination for patients undergoing intravenous inotropic therapy: a subset analysis from REMATCH (Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance in Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure). Circu- lation 2004;110:975 81. 303. Rogers JG, Butler J, Lansman SL, et al. Chronic mechanical circulatory support for inotrope-dependent heart failure patients who are not trans- plant candidates: results of the INTrEPID Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50:741 7. 304. Slaughter MS, Rogers JG, Milano CA, et al. Advanced heart failure treated with continuous- ow left ventricular assist device. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2241 51. 305. Mehra MR, Kobashigawa J, Starling R, et al. Listing criteria for heart transplantation: International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines for the care of cardiac transplant candidates 2006. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006;25:1024 42. 306. Nohria A, Lewis E, Stevenson LW. Medical management of advanced heart failure. JAMA 2002;287:628 40. 307. Metra M, Torp-Pedersen C, Cleland JG, et al. Should beta-blocker therapy be reduced or withdrawn after an episode of decompensated heart failure? Results from COMET. Eur J Heart Fail 2007;9:901 9. 308. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. In uence of beta-blocker continuation or withdrawal on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure: ndings from the OPTIMIZE-HF program. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:190 9. 309. Butler J, Young JB, Abraham WT, et al. Beta-blocker use and outcomes among hospitalized heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47: 2462 9. 310. Maisel AS, Peacock WF, McMullin N, et al. Timing of immunore- active B-type natriuretic peptide levels and treatment delay in acute decompensated heart failure: an ADHERE (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry) analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52: 534 40. 311. Peacock WF, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, et al. Impact of early initiation of intravenous therapy for acute decompensated heart failure on outcomes in ADHERE. Cardiology 2007;107:44 51. 312. Felker GM, Lee KL, Bull DA, et al. Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. N Engl J Med 2011;364: 797 805. 313. Grosskopf I, Rabinovitz M, Rosenfeld JB. Combination of furosemide and metolazone in the treatment of severe congestive heart failure. Isr J Med Sci 1986;22:787 90. 314. Channer KS, McLean KA, Lawson-Matthew P, et al. Combination diuretic treatment in severe heart failure: a randomised controlled trial. Br Heart J 1994;71:146 50. 315. Sigurd B, Olesen KH, Wennevold A. The supra-additive natriuretic effect addition of bendro umethiazide and bumetanide in congestive heart failure: permutation trial tests in patients in long-term treatment with bumetanide. Am Heart J 1975;89:163 70. 316. Rosenberg J, Gustafsson F, Galatius S, et al. Combination therapy with metolazone and loop diuretics in outpatients with refractory heart failure: an observational study and review of the literature. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2005;19:301 6. 317. Giamouzis G, Butler J, Starling RC, et al. Impact of dopamine infusion on renal function in hospitalized heart failure patients: results of the Dopamine in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (DAD-HF) Trial. J Card Fail 2010;16:922 30. 318. Elkayam U, Ng TM, Hatamizadeh P, et al. Renal vasodilatory action of dopamine in patients with heart failure: magnitude of effect and site of action. Circulation 2008;117:200 5. 319. Costanzo MR, Guglin ME, Saltzberg MT, et al. Ultra ltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:675 83. 320. Colucci WS, Elkayam U, Horton DP, et al., Nesiritide Study Group. Intravenous nesiritide, a natriuretic peptide, in the treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2000;343:246 53. Errata in: N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1504 and N Engl J Med. 2000; 343:896. 321. Ciof G, Stefenelli C, Tarantini L, et al. Hemodynamic response to intensive unloading therapy (furosemide and nitroprusside) in patients >70 years of age with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and decom- pensated chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:1050 6. 322. O Connor CM, Starling RC, Hernandez AF, et al. Effect of nesiritide in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:32 43. 323. Publication Committee for the VMAC Investigators. Intravenous nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;287:1531 40. Erratum in: JAMA. 2002;288:577. 324. Alikhan R, Cohen AT, Combe S, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients with enoxaparin: a subgroup analysis of the MEDENOX study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2003; 14:341 6. 325. Belch JJ, Lowe GD, Ward AG, et al. Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in medical patients by low-dose heparin. Scott Med J 1981; 26:115 7. 326. Kleber FX, Witt C, Vogel G, et al. Randomized comparison of enox- aparin with unfractionated heparin for the prevention of venous throm- boembolism in medical patients with heart failure or severe respiratory disease. Am Heart J 2003;145:614 21. 327. Samama MM, Cohen AT, Darmon JY, et al., Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group. A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med 1999;341:793 800. 328. Turpie AG. Thrombosis prophylaxis in the acutely ill medical patient: insights from the prophylaxis in MEDical patients with ENOXaparin (MEDENOX) trial. Am J Cardiol 2000;86:48M 52M. 329. Deleted in press. 330. Ghali JK, Koren MJ, Taylor JR, et al. Ef cacy and safety of oral con- ivaptan: a V1A/V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist, assessed in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91: 2145 52. 331. Schrier RW, Gross P, Gheorghiade M, et al. Tolvaptan, a selective oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, for hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2099 112. 332. Naylor M, Brooten D, Jones R, et al. Comprehensive discharge planning for the hospitalized elderly: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:999 1006. 333. Naylor MD, Brooten DA, Campbell RL, et al. Transitional care of older adults hospitalized with heart failure: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:675 84. 334. Fonarow GC, Heywood JT, Heidenreich PA, et al. Temporal trends in clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes for heart failure hospitalizations, 2002 to 2004: ndings from Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J 2007;153: 1021 8. Yancy et al. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary October 15, 2013:1495 539 335. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. In uence of a perfor- mance-improvement initiative on quality of care for patients hospital- ized with heart failure: results of the Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1493 502. 336. McAlister FA, Stewart S, Ferrua S, et al. Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart failure patientsat high risk for admission: a systematic review of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:810 9. 337. Lappe JM, Muhlestein JB, Lappe DL, et al. Improvements in 1-year cardiovascular clinical outcomes associated with a hospital-based discharge medication program. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:446 53. 338. Phillips CO, Wright SM, Kern DE, et al. Comprehensive discharge planning with postdischarge support for older patients with congestive heart failure: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2004;291:1358 67. 339. Gislason GH, Rasmussen JN, Abildstrom SZ, et al. Persistent use of evidence-based pharmacotherapy in heart failure is associated with improved outcomes. Circulation 2007;116:737 44. 340. Masoudi FA, Rathore SS, Wang Y, et al. National patterns of use and effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in older patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Circulation 2004;110:724 31. 341. Braunstein JB, Anderson GF, Gerstenblith G, et al. Noncardiac comor- bidity increases preventable hospitalizations and mortality among Medicare bene ciaries with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1226 33. 342. Windham BG, Bennett RG, Gottlieb S. Care management interventions for older patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Manag Care 2003; 9:447 59. 343. Fonarow GC, Albert NM, Curtis AB, et al. Improving evidence-based care for heart failure in outpatient cardiology practices: primary results of the Registry to Improve the Use of Evidence-Based Heart Failure Therapies in the Outpatient Setting (IMPROVE HF). Circulation 2010; 122:585 96. 344. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. Association between performance measures and clinical outcomes for patients hospitalized with heart failure. JAMA 2007;297:61 70. 345. Hernandez AF, Greiner MA, Fonarow GC, et al. Relationship between early physician follow-up and 30-day readmission among Medicare bene ciaries hospitalized for heart failure. JAMA 2010;303: 1716 22. 346. Krumholz HM, Chen YT, Wang Y, et al. Predictors of readmission among elderly survivors of admission with heart failure. Am Heart J 2000;139:72 7. 347. Unpublished data provided by the Of ce of Information Products and Data Analytics-CMS. CMS Administrative Claims Data, Jan 2011 - Dec 2011, from the Chronic Condition Warehouse: 2012. 348. Caracciolo EA, Davis KB, Sopko G, et al. Comparison of surgical and medical group survival in patients with left main coronary artery disease: long-term CASS experience. Circulation 1995;91:2325 34. 349. The VA Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cooperative Study Group. Eighteen-year follow-up in the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for stable angina. Circulation 1992;86: 121 30. 350. The Veterans Administration Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Coop- erative Study Group. Eleven-year survival in the Veterans Administra- tion randomized trial of coronary bypass surgery for stable angina. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1333 9. 351. Cleland JG, Calvert M, Freemantle N, et al. The Heart Failure Revas- cularisation Trial (HEART). Eur J Heart Fail 2011;13:227 33. 352. Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Deja MA, et al. Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2011;364: 1607 16. 353. Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, et al. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic- valve replacement in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2187 98. 354. Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack M, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1597 607. 355. Alderman EL, Fisher LD, Litwin P, et al. Results of coronary artery surgery in patients with poor left ventricular function (CASS). Circula- tion 1983;68:785 95. 356. Patel MR, Dehmer GJ, Hirshfeld JW, et al. ACCF/SCAI/STS/AATS/ AHA/ASNC 2009 appropriateness criteria for coronary revasculariza- tion: a report by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriateness Criteria Task Force, Society for Cardiovascular Angi- ography and Interventions, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:530 53. 357. Feldman T, Foster E, Glower DD, et al. Percutaneous repair or surgery for mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med 2011;364:1395 406. 358. Chan KM, Punjabi PP, Flather M, et al. Coronary artery bypass surgery with or without mitral valve annuloplasty in moderate functional ischemic mitral regurgitation: nal results of the Randomized Ischemic Mitral Evaluation (RIME) trial. Circulation 2012;126:2502 10. 359. Fattouch K, Guccione F, Sampognaro R, et al. POINT: ef cacy of adding mitral valve restrictive annuloplasty to coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with moderate ischemic mitral valve regurgitation: a randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009;138:278 85. 360. Franzen O, van der Heyden J, Baldus S, et al. MitraClip therapy in patients with end-stage systolic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2011;13: 569 76. 361. Jones RH, Velazquez EJ, Michler RE, et al. Coronary bypass surgery with or without surgical ventricular reconstruction. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1705 17. 362. Inglis SC, Clark RA, McAlister FA, et al. Structured telephone support or telemonitoring programmes for patients with chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(8):CD007228. 363. Coleman EA, Boult C. Improving the quality of transitional care for persons with complex care needs. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:556 7. 364. Stewart S, Pearson S, Horowitz JD. Effects of a home-based intervention among patients with congestive heart failure discharged from acute hospital care. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1067 72. 365. Stewart S, Marley JE, Horowitz JD. Effects of a multidisciplinary, home- based intervention on unplanned readmissions and survival among patients with chronic congestive heart failure: a randomised controlled study. Lancet 1999;354:1077 83. 366. Sochalski J, Jaarsma T, Krumholz HM, et al. What works in chronic care management: the case of heart failure. Health Aff (Millwood) 2009;28: 179 89. 367. Laramee AS, Levinsky SK, Sargent J, et al. Case management in a heterogeneous congestive heart failure population: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:809 17. 368. Clark RA, Inglis SC, McAlister FA, et al. Telemonitoring or structured telephone support programmes for patients with chronic heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2007;334:942. 369. Chaudhry SI, Phillips CO, Stewart SS, et al. Telemonitoring for patients with chronic heart failure: a systematic review. J Card Fail 2007; 13:56 62. 370. Riegel B, Carlson B, Kopp Z, et al. Effect of a standardized nurse case- management telephone intervention on resource use in patients with chronic heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:705 12. 371. Riegel B, Carlson B, Glaser D, et al. Randomized controlled trial of telephone case management in Hispanics of Mexican origin with heart failure. J Card Fail 2006;12:211 9. 372. Krumholz HM, Currie PM, Riegel B, et al. A taxonomy for disease management: a scienti c statement from the American Heart Association Disease Management Taxonomy Writing Group. Circulation 2006;114: 1432 45. 373. Faxon DP, Schwamm LH, Pasternak RC, et al. Improving quality of care through disease management: principles and recommendations from the American Heart Association s Expert Panel on Disease Management. Circulation 2004;109:2651 4. 374. Rich MW, Beckham V, Wittenberg C, et al. A multidisciplinary inter- vention to prevent the readmission of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1190 5. 375. McAlister FA, Lawson FM, Teo KK, et al. A systematic review of randomized trials of disease management programs in heart failure. Am J Med 2001;110:378 84. 376. Riegel B, LePetri B. Heart failure disease management models. In: Moser D, Riegel B, editors. Improving Outcomes in Heart Failure: An JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 Yancy et al. October 15, 2013:1495 539 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary Interdisciplinary Approach. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers; 2001: 267 81. 377. Coleman EA, Mahoney E, Parry C. Assessing the quality of preparation for posthospital care from the patient s perspective: the care transitions measure. Med Care 2005;43:246 55. 378. Lorenz KA, Lynn J, Dy SM, et al. Evidence for improving palliative care at the end of life: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:147 59. 379. Hauptman PJ, Havranek EP. Integrating palliative care into heart failure care. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:374 8. 380. Adler ED, Gold nger JZ, Kalman J, et al. Palliative care in the treatment of advanced heart failure. Circulation 2009;120:2597 606. 381. Qaseem A, Snow V, Shekelle P, et al. Evidence-based interventions to improve the palliative care of pain, dyspnea, and depression at the end of life: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physi- cians. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:141 6. 382. Jencks SF, Huff ED, Cuerdon T. Change in the quality of care delivered to Medicare bene ciaries, 1998-1999 to 2000-2001. JAMA 2003;289: 305 12. 383. Bonow RO, Ganiats TG, Beam CT, et al. ACCF/AHA/AMA-PCPI 2011 performance measures for adults with heart failure: a report of the ACCF/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures (Writing Committee to Develop Performance Measures for Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:1812 32. Key Words: ACCF/AHA Practice Guidelines - cardio-renal physiology/pathophysiology - congestive heart failure - CV surgery: transplantation, ventricular assistance, cardiomyopathy - epidemiology - health policy and outcome research - heart failure - other heart failure. Yancy et al. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary October 15, 2013:1495 539 Appendix 1. Author Relationships With Industry and Other Entities (Relevant)d2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure Committee Member Employment Consultant Speaker s Bureau Ownership/ Partnership/ Principal Personal Research Institutional, Organizational, or Other Financial Benefit Expert Witness Voting Recusals by Section* Clyde W. Yancy, Chair Northwestern UniversitydChief, Division of Cardiology and Magerstadt Professor of Medicine None None None None None None None Mariell Jessup, Vice Chair University of PennsylvaniadProfessor of Medicine None None None  Amgen  Celladon  HeartWare None None 7.4.4 Biykem Bozkurt Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterdThe Mary and Gordon Cain Chair and Professor of Medicine None None None None None None None Javed Butler Emory HealthcaredDirector of Heart Failure Research; Emory University School of MedicinedProfessor of Medicine  Amgen  CardioMEMS  Gambro  Takeda None None None  Amgen  Biotronic  Boston Scientific  CardioMEMS  Cortheray  FoldRx  iOcopsys  Johnson & Johnson  Medtronic  Thoratec  World Heart Donald E. Casey, Jr Clinically Integrated Physician Network, NYU Langone Medical CenterdVice President and Medical Director None None None None None None None Mark H. Drazner University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterdProfessor, Internal Medicine None None None  HeartWare  Scios/Johnson & Johnsony  Medtronic  Thoratecy Gregg C. Fonarow Director AhmansondUCLA Cardiomyopathy Center; Co-ChiefdUCLA Division of Cardiology  Gambro (formerly CHF Solutions)  Medtronic  Novartisy  Takeda None None  Gambro (formerly CHF Solutions)  Novartisy  Medtronic None 7.1 7.2 (Class IIa) Stephen A. Geraci Quillen College of Medicine/East Tennessee State Universityd Chairman of Internal Medicine None None None None None None None (Continued on the next page) JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 Yancy et al. October 15, 2013:1495 539 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary Appendix 1. Continued Committee Member Employment Consultant Speaker s Bureau Ownership/ Partnership/ Principal Personal Research Institutional, Organizational, or Other Financial Benefit Expert Witness Voting Recusals by Section* Tamara Horwich AhmansondUCLA Cardiomyopathy CenterdAssistant Professor of Medicine, Cardiology None None None None None None None James L. Januzzi Harvard Medical SchooldAssociate Professor of Medicine; Massachusetts General HospitaldDirector, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit  Critical Diagnosticsy  Roche Diagnosticsy None None  Critical Diagnosticsy  Roche Diagnosticsy None None 6.2 Maryl R. Johnson University of Wisconsin Madison, Professor of Medicine, Director Heart Failure and Transplantation None None None None None None None Edward K. Kasper Johns Hopkins Hospitald E. Cowles Andrus Professor in Cardiology, Director, Clinical Cardiology None None None None None None None Wayne C. Levy University of WashingtondProfessor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology  Cardiac Dimensionsy  CardioMEMS  GE/Scios/ Johnson & Johnson  Amarin  Boehringer Ingelheim  GlaxoSmithKline None  Amgeny  HeartWarey  Amgen  Epocrates  GE Healthcare  HeartWare  Thoratec Frederick A. Masoudi University of Colorado, DenverdAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology None None None None None None None Patrick E. McBride University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthdProfessor of Medicine and Family Medicine, Associate Dean for Students, Associate Director, Preventive Cardiology None None None None None None None John J.V. McMurray University of Glasgow, Scotland, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research CenterdProfessor of Medical Cardiology None None None  GlaxoSmithKliney  Novartis  Roche (DSMB)  Novartis (PARADIGM PI) 7.2 (Class I and Class III) Judith E. Mitchell SUNY Downstate Medical CenterdDirector, Heart Failure Center; Associate Professor of Medicine None None None None None None None (Continued on the next page) Yancy et al. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary October 15, 2013:1495 539 Appendix 1. Continued Committee Member Employment Consultant Speaker s Bureau Ownership/ Partnership/ Principal Personal Research Institutional, Organizational, or Other Financial Benefit Expert Witness Voting Recusals by Section* Pamela N. Peterson University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical CenterdAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology None None None None None None None Barbara Riegel University of Pennsylvania School of NursingdProfessor None None None None None None None Flora Sam Boston University School of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular InstitutedAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology/ Cardiomyopathy Program None None None None None None None Lynne W. Stevenson Brigham and Women s Hospital Cardiovascular DivisiondDirector, Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure Program None None None  Biosense Webster None None 7.3.4 W.H. Wilson Tang Cleveland Clinic FoundationdAssociate Professor of Medicine, Research Director for Heart Failure/Transplant  Medtronic  St. Jude Medical None None  Abbotty  FoldRx  Johnson & Johnson  Medtronicy  St. Jude Medicaly None None 6.2 Emily J. Tsai Temple University School of MedicinedAssistant Professor of Medicine, Cardiology None None None None None None None Bruce L. Wilkoff Cleveland ClinicdDirector, Cardiac Pacing and Tachyarrhythmia Devices; Director, Clinical EP Research None None None  Biotronic  Boston Scientific  Medtronic  St. Jude Medical None None 7.2 (Class IIa) This table represents the relationships of committee members with industry and other entities that were determined to be relevant to this document. These relationships were reviewed and updated in conjunction with all meetings and/or conference calls of the writing committee during the document development process. The table does not necessarily reflect relationships with industry at the time of publication. A person is deemed to have a significant interest in a business if the interest represents ownership of 5% of the voting stock or share of the business entity, or ownership of $10,000 of the fair market value of the business entity; or if funds received by the person from the business entity exceed 5% of the person s gross income for the previous year. Relationships that exist with no financial benefit are also included for the purpose of transparency. Relationships in this table are modest unless otherwise noted. According to the ACCF/AHA, a person has a relevant relationship IF: a) The relationship or interest relates to the same or similar subject matter, intellectual property or asset, topic, or issue addressed in the document; or b) The company/entity (with whom the relationship exists) makes a drug, drug class, or device addressed in the document, or makes a competing drug or device addressed in the document; or c) The person or a member of the person s household, has a reasonable potential for financial, professional or other personal gain or loss as a result of the issues/content addressed in the document. *Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry and other entities may apply. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. yIndicates significant relationship. DSMB indicates Data Safety Monitoring Board; EP, electrophysiology; NYU, New York University; PARADIGM, a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group, Active-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696 Compared to Enalapril on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction; PI, Principal Investigator; SUNY, State University of New York; UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles; and VA, Veterans Affairs. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 Yancy et al. October 15, 2013:1495 539 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary Appendix 2. Reviewer Relationships With Industry and Other Entities (Relevant)d2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure Reviewer Representation Employment Consultant Speaker s Bureau Ownership/ Partnership/ Principal Personal Research Institutional, Organizational, or Other Financial Benefit Expert Witness Nancy Albert Official Reviewerd ACCF/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines Kaufman Center for Heart FailuredSenior Director of Nursing Research  BG Medicine  Medtronic  Mercky None None None None None Kathleen Grady Official ReviewerdAHA Bluhm Cardiovascular Instituted Administrative Director, Center for Heart Failure None None None None None None Paul Hauptman Official ReviewerdAHA St Louis University School of Medicined Professor of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology  BG Medicine  BioControl Medical  Otsuka* None None None  EvaHearty None Hector Ventura Official Reviewerd ACCF Board of Governors Ochsner Clinic Foundationd Director, Section of Cardiomyopathy and Heart Transplantation  Otsuka  Actelion None None None None Mary Norine Walsh Official Reviewerd ACCF Board of Trustees St. Vincent Heart Center of Indianad Medical Director  United Healthcare None None None None None Jun Chiong Organizational ReviewerdACCP Loma Linda UniversitydAssociate Clinical Professor of Medicine None None None None  Otsuka (DSMB) None David DeLurgio Organizational ReviewerdHRS The Emory ClinicdAssociate Professor, Director of EP Laboratory None None None None None None Folashade Omole Organizational ReviewerdAAFP Morehouse School of MedicinedAssociate Professor of Clinical Family Medicine None None None None None None Robert Rich, Jr Organizational ReviewerdAAFP Bladen Medical AssociatesdFamily Practice None None None None None None David Taylor Organizational ReviewerdISHLT Cleveland Clinic, Department of CardiologydProfessor of Medicine None None None None  Biotronixy  Genentechy  HeartWarey  ISHLT  Novartisy  St. Jude s Medicaly None Kimberly Birtcher Content ReviewerdACCF Cardiovascular Team Council University of Houston College of PharmacydClinical Professor None None None None None None Kay Blum Content ReviewerdACCF Cardiovascular Team Council Medstar Southern Maryland Hospital CenterdNurse Practitioner None None None None None None (Continued on the next page) Yancy et al. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary October 15, 2013:1495 539 Appendix 2. Continued Reviewer Representation Employment Consultant Speaker s Bureau Ownership/ Partnership/ Principal Personal Research Institutional, Organizational, or Other Financial Benefit Expert Witness Michael Chan Content Reviewerd ACCF Cardiovascular Team Council Royal Alexandra HospitaldCo-Director, Heart Function Program; University of AlbertadAssociate Clinical Professor of Medicine None None None None  Medtronic None Jane Chen Content Reviewerd ACCF EP Committee Washington University School of MedicinedAssistant Professor of Medicine  Medtronic  St. Jude Medical None None None None None Michael Clark Content Reviewerd ACCF Cardiovascular Team Council North Texas Cardiology and EPdAssociate Professor None  Abbott Pharma None None None None Marco Costa Content Reviewerd ACCF Imaging Council University Hospital for ClevelanddProfessor of Medicine  Abbott Vascular  Boston Scientific  Cardiokinetix*  Medtronic  St. Jude Medical  Daiichi- Sankyo  Eli Lilly  Sanofi None None  Abbott Vascular*  Boston Scientific  Cardiokinetixy  Medtronic*  St. Jude Medical None Anita Deswal Content Reviewer Baylor College of MedicinedAssociate Professor of Medicine None None None  Amgeny  Novartisy None None Steven Dunn Content Reviewerd ACCF Prevention Committee University of Virginia Health SystemdClinical Pharmacy Specialist None None None None None None Andrew Epstein Content Reviewer University of PennsylvaniadProfessor of Medicine  Biotronic  Boehringer Ingelheim  Medtronic  Zoll None None  Biosense Webster*  Boston Scientific*  Cameron Health*  Boston Scientific*  St. Jude Medical* None Justin Ezekowitz Content ReviewerdAHA Mazankowski Alberta Heart InstitutedDirector, Heart Function Clinic  Abbott Labs  AstraZeneca  Pfizer None None  Amgen  Bristol-Myers Squibb None None Gerasimos Filippatos Content Reviewer University of AthensdDepartment of Cardiology None None None None  Corthera  Vifor None Linda Gillam Content Reviewerd ACCF Imaging Council Morristown Medical CenterdProfessor of Cardiology None None None None  Edwards Lifesciencesy None Paul Heidenreich Content Reviewer Stanford VA Palo Alto Medical CenterdAssistant Professor of Medicine None None None  Medtronicy None None Paul Hess Content Reviewerd ACCF EP Committee Duke University School of MedicinedFellow None None None None None None Sharon Ann Hunt Content Reviewer Stanford University Medical CenterdProfessor, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine None None None None None None (Continued on the next page) JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 Yancy et al. October 15, 2013:1495 539 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary Appendix 2. Continued Reviewer Representation Employment Consultant Speaker s Bureau Ownership/ Partnership/ Principal Personal Research Institutional, Organizational, or Other Financial Benefit Expert Witness Charles McKay Content Reviewerd ACCF Council on Cardiovascular Care for Older Adults Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterdProfessor of Medicine None None None None None None James McClurken Content Reviewerd ACCF Surgeons Scientific Council Temple University School of Medicined Director of Cardiothoracic Perioperative Services None None None None None None Wayne Miller Content Reviewerd ACCF Heart Failure and Transplant Council Mayo ClinicdProfessor of Medicine None None None None None None Rick Nishimura Content Reviewer Mayo ClinicdProfessor of Medicine None None None None None None Donna Petruccelli Content Reviewerd ACCF Heart Failure and Transplant Council Lehigh Valley Health NetworkdHeart Failure Nurse Practitioner/Clinical Nurse Specialist, Center for Advanced Heart Failure None None None None None None Geetha Raghuveer Content Reviewerd ACCF Board of Governors Children s Mercy HospitaldAssociate Professor of Pediatrics None None None None None None Pasala Ravichandran Content Reviewerd ACCF Surgeons Scientific Council Oregon Health & Science UniversitydAssociate Professor None None None None None None Michael Rich Content Reviewerd ACCF Council on Cardiovascular Care for Older Adults Washington University School of Medicined Professor of Medicine None None None None None None Anitra Romfh Content Reviewerd ACCF Adult Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology Council Children s Hospital BostondClinical Fellow in Pediatrics None None None None None None Andrea Russo Content Reviewerd ACCF Task Force on Appropriate Use Criteria Cooper University HospitaldProfessor of Medicine  Biotronik  Boston Scientific  Cameron Health  Medtronic  St. Jude Medical None None  Cameron Health  Medtronic None None Dipan Shah Content Reviewerd ACCF Imaging Council Methodist DeBakey Heart CenterdDirector None  AstraZeneca*  Lantheus Medical Imaging None None  Astellas Pharma  Siemens Medical Solutions* None Randy Starling Content Reviewer Cleveland Clinic, Department of Cardiovascular Medicined Vice Chairman  Novartis None None None  Biotronik  Medtronic None Karen Stout Content Reviewerd ACCF Adult Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology Council University of Washingtond Director, Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program None None None None None None (Continued on the next page) Yancy et al. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary October 15, 2013:1495 539 Appendix 2. Continued Reviewer Representation Employment Consultant Speaker s Bureau Ownership/ Partnership/ Principal Personal Research Institutional, Organizational, or Other Financial Benefit Expert Witness John Teerlink Content Reviewer San Francisco VA Medical Centerd Professor of Medicine  Amgen*  Anexon  CardioMEMS*  Cytokinetics  Novartis*  Scios/ Johnson & Johnson  St. Jude Medical*  Trevena None None None  Amgen*  Merck  Novartis* None Robert Touchon Content Reviewerd ACCF Prevention Committee Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicined Professor of Medicine None None None None None None Hiroyuki Tsutsui Content Reviewer Hokkaido UniversitydProfessor of Medicine  Daiichi-Sankyo*  Novartis*  Pfizer  Takeda* None None None None None Robert Vincent Content Reviewerd ACCF Adult Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology Council Emory University School of Medicined Professor of Pediatrics None None None None  AGA None This table represents the relationships of reviewers with industry and other entities that were disclosed at the time of peer review and determined to be relevant to this document. It does not necessarily reflect relationships with industry at the time of publication. A person is deemed to have a significant interest in a business if the interest represents ownership of 5% of the voting stock or share of the business entity, or ownership of $10,000 of the fair market value of the business entity; or if funds received by the person from the business entity exceed 5% of the person s gross income for the previous year. A relationship is considered to be modest if it is less than significant under the preceding definition. Relationships that exist with no financial benefit are also included for the purpose of transparency. Relationships in this table are modest unless otherwise noted. Names are listed in alphabetical order within each category of review. According to the ACCF/AHA, a person has a relevant relationship IF: a) The relationship or interest relates to the same or similar subject matter, intellectual property or asset, topic, or issue addressed in the document; or b) The company/entity (with whom the relationship exists) makes a drug, drug class, or device addressed in the document, or makes a competing drug or device addressed in the document; or c) The person or a member of the person s household, has a reasonable potential for financial, professional or other personal gain or loss as a result of the issues/content addressed in the document. *Significant relationship. yNo financial benefit. AAFP indicates American Academy of Family Physicians; ACCF, American College of Cardiology Foundation; ACCP, American College of Chest Physicians AHA, American Heart Association; DSMB, data safety monitoring board; EP, electrophysiology; HRS, Heart Rhythm Society; ISHLT, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles; and VA, Veterans Affairs. JACC Vol. 62, No. 16, 2013 Yancy et al. October 15, 2013:1495 539 2013 ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines: Executive Summary