Normal ranges Biochemistry and immunology Serum urea 3.0 \200\2236.5mmol/L 11.5 \200\22316.5g/dL 60 \200\223125 mol/L 135 \200\223145mmol/L 3.5 \200\2235.0mmol/v 32 \200\22350g/L <17 mol/L 100 \200\223300iu/L 2.15 \200\2232.55mmol/L 200 \200\223450iu/L 0.7 \200\2231.5mmol/L 63 \200\22380g/L 0.18 \200\2230.42mmol/L 10 \200 \22346iu/l 14 \200\22333 mol/L 11 \200\22328 mol/L 45 \200\22375 mol/L 5 \200\22342iu/L 5 \200\22342iu/L 9 \200\22324pmol/L 0.35 \200\2235.5mU/L Serum creatinine Serum sodium Serum potassium Serum albumin Serum bilirubin Serum alk phos Serum calcium Serum LDH Serum phosphate Serum total protein Serum urate Serum g-GT Serum ir on (9) (3) Serum TIBC Serum ALT Serum AST Serum free T4 Serum TSH Immunology IgG IgA IgM 5.3 \200\22316.5g/L 0.8 \200\2234.0g/L 0.5 \200\2232.0g/L Complement C3 C4 C1 esterase CH50 0.89 \200\2232.09g/L 0.12 \200\2230.53g/L 0.11 \200\2230.36g/L 80 \200\223120% C-reactive protein <6mg/L Serum b2-microglobulin 1.2 \200\2232.4mg/L CSF proteins IgG Albumin 0.013 \200\2230.035g/l 0.170 \200\2230.238g/L Urine proteins Total protein Albumin (24h) <150mg/24h <20mg/24h 689 21-normal ranges.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 690 Pediatric normal ranges Full blood count Age Hb (g/dL) MCV (fL) Neuts Lymph Platelets 14.9 \200\22323.7 100 \200\223125 Birth 13.4 \200\22319.8 88 \200\223110 2 weeks 2 months 9 .4 \200\22313.0 84 \200\22398 6 months 10.0 \200\22313.0 73 \200\22384 1 year 10.1 \200\223 13.0 70 \200\22382 2 \200\2236 years 11.5 \200\22313.8 72 \200\22387 6 \200\22312 years 11. 1 \200\22314.7 76 \200\22390 Adult 9 12.1 \200\22316.6 77 \200\22392 Adult 3 12.1 \200\2231 5.1 77 \200\22394 2.7 \200\22314.4 1.5 \200\2235.4 0.7 \200\2234.8 1 \200\2236 1 \200\2238 1.5 \200\2238.5 1. 5 \200\2238 1.5 \200\2236 1.5 \200\2236 2 \200\2237.3 2.8 \200\2239.1 3.3 \200\22310.3 3.3 \200\22311.5 3.4 \200\22310.5 1.8 \200 \2238.4 1.5 \200\2235 1.5 \200\2234.5 1.5 \200\2234.5 150 \200\223450 170 \200\223500 210 \200\223650 210 \200\223560 200 \200\223550 210 \200 \223490 170 \200\223450 180 \200\223430 180 \200\223430 Neuts, neutrophils; lymph, lymphocytes and platelets (all 109/L) Haemostasis Parameter Neonate Adult level 150 \200\223400 109/L few sec longer than adult up to 25% increase as adult up to 1 week by 2 \200\2239 months as adult as adult as adult Platelet count Prothrombin time APTT Thrombin time Bleeding time Fibrinogen 2 \200\22310 min 2.0 \200\2234.0g/L Vit K factors Factor II Factor VII Factor IX Factor X 30 \200\22350% adult level 30 \200\22350% adult level 20 \200\22350% adult level 30 \200 \22350% adult level up to 6 months by 1 month up to 6 months up to 6 months Factor V Factor VIII vW factor Factor XI Factor XII Factor XIII as adult Variable: 50 \200\223200% adult level usually raised (up to 3 adult level) 20 \200\22350 % adult level 20 \200\22350% adult level 50 \200\223100% adult level 6 \200\22312 months 3 \200\2236 months 1 month FDP/XDP AT Protein C Protein S up to twice adult level 50 \200\22380% adult level 30 \200\22350% adult level 30 \200\22350 % adult level by 7 days 6 \200\22312 months up to 24 months 3 \200\2236 months 690 Plasminogen 30 \200\22380% adult level 2 weeks 21-normal ranges.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 691 Normal ranges 691 21-normal ranges.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 692 This page intentionally left blank 692 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 693 Index 5HT3 antagonists 574 32P therapy 252 \200\2233 A- -lipoproteinaemia 114 ABO lineage infidelity 153 molecular analysis 154 prognosis 157 prognostic factors 157 relapse management 157 specific treatment 156 \200\2237 supportive treatment 155 World Health Organ ization classification 151 \200\2232 haemolytic disease of the newborn 441 incompatibility 316 \200\22317 abortion, recurrent 401 acanthocytosis 114 hereditary 97 addresses 664 \200\2239 adenosine deaminase deficiency 408 \200\2239 adrenal disorders 48 a driamycin 594, 596, 620, 622, 624 acquired conditions 114 -immune haemolytic syndromes 68, 69 (doxorubicin), BCNU (carmustine) cyclophosphamide, melphalan (ABCM) 278, 620 megaloblastic anemia 64 neutrophil function disorders 464 -non-immune haemolytic syndromes 68, 69 (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) 596, 602 activated protein C resistance 396 acute lymphoblastic leukemia aggregants 370 albumin 425 alkalinisation 560 allergic reactions 585 allogeneic transplants 336 allografts 337 alloimmune thrombocytopenia, neonatal 448 \200\2239 158 \200\22363, 576 etiology 158 -allo and autografts 310 clinical features 159 cytogenetic analysis 159 emerge ncy treatment 161 immunological classification 158 immunophenotyping 158 incidence 158 inve stigations and diagnosis 159 \200\22360 minimal residual disease detection allopurinol 258, 560 amniotic fluid 442 amphotericin 330 amyloidosis (primary systemic) 32, 162 288 \200\22391 prognosis/prognostic factors 162, anemia 278, 456 \200\2237 aplastic 122 \200\2233 autoimmune haemolytic 116 \200\22317 of ch ronic disorders 50 \200\2231 congenital dyserythropoietic 450 \200\2231 dilutional 34 drug related 52 drug-induced haemolytic 108 in endocrine disease 48 in gastrointestinal disease 52 haemolytic of the neonate 434 hereditary 130 iron deficiency 56 \200\2238 in joint disea se 50 \200\2231 large bowel 52 leucoerythroblastic 120 163 relapse management 163 specific treatment 161 \200\2232 supportive treatment 161 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) 150 \200\2237 etiology 150 biphenotypic leukaemias 153 clinical features 154 \200\2235 cytochemistry 151 cytogenetic analysis 153 \200\2234 diagnosis 150 emergency treatment 155 immunophenotyping 152 incidence 150 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 694 anemia (continued) in liver disease 54 megaloblastic 64 microangiopathic haemolytic antiplatelet antibodies 378, 380 antithrombin concentrate 398 III deficiency 397 (MAHA) 112, 438 antiviral neonatal 430 \200\2231 oesophageal 52 pancreas 52 and peripheral blood movie 44 pernicious 60 in pregnancy 34 of prematurity 432 pure sideroblastic 228 refractory 220, 486 in renal d isease 46 sickle cell 72 small bowel 52 unexplained 10 \200\22311 prophylaxis 550 therapy 418 apheresis 584 aplasia acquired red cell 454 \200\2235 congenital red cell 452 \200\2233 pure red cell 126 aplastic crises 73 argatroban 521 arthropathy, chronic 353 aspirin 244, 253, 378 \200\2239 ataxia telangiectasia 410 atypical organisms 556 autohaemolysis test 98 autoimmune disorder s 32, 582 azacytidine 76 azo compounds 496 anagrelide 244, 252 analgesics 258, 538 \200\2239, 569, 585 simple non-opioid 538 aniline dyes 496 ankylostoma 495 Ann Arbor stating classification (Cotswolds modification) 210, 213 antenatal diagnosis 355 anti-arrhythmics 585 antibacterial prophylaxis 550 antibiotics B cells 408, 410 B lineage 158 babesiosis 96 bacteriology 302, 544 basopenia 142 basophilia 142 BEAM (BCNU, etoposide, cytarabine intravenous 552 \200\2233 prophylactic 569 antibodies 69, 441 antiplatelet 378, 380 anticoagulation 402 acquired 366 \200\2238 heparin 588 \200\2239 lupus 400 oral 590 post-pa rtum 404 \200\2235 prophylactic 401, 588 \200\2239 therapeutic 588 (ara-C), melphalan) 610, 612 \200\22313 benzodiazepines 574, 585 beta blockers 585 bilirubin 320 biochemistry 302, 471, 544, 689 bi rd-headed dwarfism 460 Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit 668 bisphosphonates 279 bleeding 51, 360 \200\2231, 588 anti-D prophylaxis 390, 441 antidepressants 585 antiemetics 574, 574 \200\2235 antiepilepti cs 585 antifungal active 365 disorders 344 neonate 448 \200\2239 prolonged after surgery 38 \200\2239 vWF-rel ated 348 \200\22350 see also hemorrhage bleomycin 594, 596, 602 blind loop syndromes 61 prophylaxis 550 therapy 330 \200\2232 anti-infective therapy 230 anti-inflammatory drugs 538 antiphospholipid syndrome 401 694 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 695 blood British Society for Hematology 669 bruising, easy 24 \200\2235 Bruton tyrosine kinase defic iency basophilia, peripheral 142 cells 496 coagulation network 347 component therapy 424 \200\223 6 count 410 in children 422 \200\2233 full 10 \200\22311, 632, 690 values, normal 423 disorders, malignant 470 \200\2232 movie 168, 632 C-Thal-Dex 628 C-VAMP 622 calcium channel blockers 585 campath-1H 177 cancer, childhood 470 \200\2232 CancerBACUP 664 cannabinoids 574 cardiac leucoerythroblastic 14 peripheral 44 group 546, 644 loss 34, 56 see also bleeding; menstrual loss lymphocytes, peripheral 138 monocytes, peripheral 144 products, bacterial contamination infection 96 problems 584 \200\2235 cardiology 302, 544 cardiopulmonary bypass surgery 380 cardiovascular system 73 carmustine 610, 612, 620 caspofungin 331 \200\2232 catheters of 506 products, issue and administration of 644 salvage, intraoperative 658 saving, pharmacological methods of 659 source of 424 tests 340 transfusion 258, 644 \200\22361 autologous 658 \200\2239 cryoprecip itate 654 fresh frozen plasma 652 \200\2233 immunoglobulin, intravenous central indwelling 556 tunneled central venous 568 \200\2239 cell markers in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders 174 central nervous system 73 prophylaxis 576 656 \200\2237 charts 678 \200\22382 Chediak-Higashi syndrome 465 chemical exposure 438 \200\2239 chemothe rapy 205, 231, 290, 572 \200\2233 Jehovah \200\231s Witnesses 660 \200\2231 laboratory 644 massive 524 \200\2235 maximum surg ical blood antiemetics 574 \200\2235 emesis 574 intrathecal 576 leucapheresis 586 non-intensive 231 tr ansplantation 295, 306 see also combination chemotherapy chest syndrome, acute 72 children see pediatric hematology chlorambucil 201, 286, 598 ordering schedule 646 platelets 650 red blood cells 648 \200\2239 B-lymphocyte abnormalities 413 body surface are a nomogram 682 bone 4 disease 277 marrow 120, 169 examination 570 \200\2231 failure, chronic 562 \200\2233 harvesting 304 \200\2235 transplan t 76, 302 \200\2233 vinblastine, procarbazine, prednisolone (ChIVPP) 598 tumors 470 brain tumors 470 chlormethine 600, 602 chronic granulomatous disease 465 695 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 696 chronic lymphocytic leukemia cold haemagglutinin disease (CHAD) (B-CLL) 32, 168 \200\22373 118 etiology 168 clinical features and presentation combination chemotherapy 177, 201, 212 \200\22313, 278 combined immunodeficiency disorders 408 168 clinical management 171 \200\2232 clinical staging 170 diagnosis 168 \200\2239 differential diagnosis 169 \200\22370 incidence 168 prognosis/prognostic factors 170, common variable immunodeficiency 411 compatibility testing 644 complement activation 512 deficiency 465 172 \200\2233 chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, congenital cell markers in 174 megaloblastic anemia 64 neutrophil function disorders 464 cisplatin 606, 608 citrate toxicity 584 cladribine 179 clinical approach 2 \200\22340 consumption 524 conventional therapy 201 cord anemia blood 440 compression 278 corticosteroids 258 counseling 340 creatinine 320 cryoglobulinaem ia 281 cryoprecipitate 525, 654 Clinical Trials Support Unit 668 cyanotic congenital heart disease 494 cyclophosphamide 279, 594, 604, 614, in pregnancy 34 unexplained 10 \200\22311 bleeding, prolonged after surgery 38 \200\2239 bruising, easy 24 \200\2235 erythrocyte sedimentation rate, raised 30 fracture, pathological 28 hemoglobin, elevated 12 history taking 2 \200\2233 lymp hadenopathy 8 \200\2239 paraprotein, serum or urine 32 physical examination 4 platelet coun t, elevated 20 platelet count, reduced 22 \200\2233 sickle test, positive (solubility test) 616, 620, 622, 628 adriamycin, vincristine, prednisolone (CHOP) 604 vincristine, methotrexate 614 cyclosporin administration 320 \200\2231 drug interactions 322 toxicity 321 40 splenomegaly 6 thrombocytopenia in pregnancy 36 thromboembolism, recurrent 26 white bloo d count, elevated 14 \200\22315 white blood count, reduced 16 \200\22318 cytarabine 606, 608, 610, 612 cytogenetics 169, 274, 302, 638 \200\2239 cytomegalovirus 557 , 650 prophylaxis and treatment 334 \200\2235 status 316 clonality assessment 637 Clostridium perfringens 96 coagulation abnormal 346 disorders - clinical approach 344 \200\2235 disorders - laboratory approach 346 \200\2237 dacarbazine 596, 602 dactylitis 72 danaparoid 521 danazol 390 deoxycoformycin 179 disseminated intravascular 380, 512 \200\22314, 524 factors, proteolytic activation of 512 inhibitors 367 \200\2238 696 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 697 dexamethasone 390, 606, 618, 624, factor 626, 628 V Leiden 396 VIII 349, 353, 366 XI 356 XIII (fibrin stabilizing factor) 358 cisplatin, cytarabine (DHAP) 606 \200\2237 diabetes mellitus 48 diagnostic profiles 637 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma favism 102 Felty \200\231s syndrome 17 fibrin stabilizing factor 358 fibrinogen 357 fibrino lytic network 347 fish tapeworm 61 fludarabine 616 advanced 203 consolidation therapy 203 \200\2234 localized 203 DiGeorge syndrome 410 diuretics 585 donor leucocyte/lymphocyte infusion 338 mitoxantrone (mitozantrone), donor/recipient compatibility 640 dopamine antagonist 574 doxorubicin 594, 596, 602, 604, 6 20, dexamethasone (FMD) 618 folate deficiency 34, 62 \200\2233 foreign travel 336 \200\2237 fracture, pathological 28 F rench-American-British system 220 fresh frozen plasma 425 \200\2236, 525, 622, 624 drugs 340, 438 \200\2239 classification 574 dysfibrinogenaemia 357 dyskeratosis congenita 458 \200\2239 dysproteinae mias 378, 380 652 \200\2233 fungal infection 330 \200\2232, 553, 557 gastrectomy, total 60 gastrointestinal ECOG performance status 678 elliptocytosis, hereditary 100 embryonal tumors 470 emetogenic regimens 574 \200\2235 endocrine disease and anemia 48 end-organ damage 274 endothelial cel l damage 512 endothelium, abnormal 512 endotoxin release 512 eosinophilia 140 Epstein-Barr virus infection 494 erythrocyte sedimentation rate 30, 632 erythrocytosis disease and anemia 52 problems 73 Gaucher \200\231s disease 496 gene therapy 76 genetics 471 genitourinary problems 73 gentam icin dosage nomogram 684 glucose-6 \200\223phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 102 \200\2233 glycolytic pathway 106 gout drugs 585 graft-versus-host disease 295, 548 idiopathic 249 relative 248 secondary 246 acute 324 \200\2235 chronic 326 \200\2237 prophylaxis 320 \200\2232 erythropoietin 76, 230 \200\2231 graft-versus-leukemia effect 297 granulocyte 426 excess, inappropriate 11 ESHAP 608 \200\2239 essential thrombocythaemia 250 etoposide 608, 610, 612 Evans \200\231 s yndrome 388 examination 4 extramedullary plasmacytoma 282 \200\2233 extravasation 578 \200 \2239, 580 eye 73 colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 180 growth retardation 73 697 haematinic assays 633 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 698 hematological emergencies 500 \200\22332 disorders, Hb patterns of 94 E 82 electrophoresis 633 elevated 12 fetal, hereditary persist ence of 93 H disease 86 Lepore 92 production, genetic control of 70 \200\2231 SC 80 SD 80 S O 80 unstable 84 blood products, bacterial contamination of 506 blood transfusion, massive 524 \200\2235 coagulation, disseminated intravascular 512 \200\22314 heparin overdosage 518 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 520 \200\2231 hypercalcaemia 508 \200\2239 hypersensitivity reactions, immediate-type 504 hyperviscosity 510 \200\22311 leucostasis 528 paraparesis/spinal collapse 526 purpura, post -transfusion 506 purpura, thrombotic haemoglobinopathy 69 haemoglobinuria March 96 paroxysmal nocturnal 124 \200\2235 haemolysis thrombocytopenic 530 \200\2231 autoantibody mediated 108 drug-induced 102 due to infection and fever 102 intravascular 69 microangiopathic 34 non-immune 96 \200\2237 oxidative 96 septic shock/neutropenic fever 500 sickle crisis 532 thrombolytic therapy, overdosage of 516 transfusion reactions 502, 504 warfarin overdosage 522 hematological investigations 632 \200\22341 haemolytic crises 73 disease of newborn 440 \200\2233 syndromes 68 \200\2239 uraemic syndro me 468 \200\2239 blood count, full 632 blood movie 632 cytogenetics 638 \200\2239 erythrocyte sedimentation rate 632 haematinic assays 633 hemoglobin electrophoresis 633 haemosiderin, urinary 635 \200\2236 Ham \200\231s test 636 haptoglobin 633 human leucocyte antigen typing haemophagocytic syndromes 491 \200\2232 hemophilia A and B 352 \200\2235 A-specific treatment 354 B 354 \200\2235 with inhibitor 367 managemen t 353 \200\2234 640 \200\2231 immunophenotyping 636 \200\2237 Kleihauer test 633 \200\2234 plasma viscosity 632 reticuloc ytes 634 \200\2235 Schumm \200\231s test 633 haemopoietic growth factors 306 hemorrhage, life-threatening 253, 467 haemorrhagic disease of the newborn 362 \200\2233 hematological toxicity scale 680 hematology haemosiderin, urinary 635 \200\2236 haemostasis 690 on-line 672 \200\2235 neonatal 446 \200\2237 see also haemostasis and thrombosis haemochromatosis 128 haemodialysis 561 haemodilution, pre-operative 658 \200\2239 hemoglobi n haemostasis and thrombosis 344 \200\223405 anticoagulant therapy 402 anticoagulants, acquired 366 \200\2238 anticoagulation in pregnan cy and post-partum 404 \200\2235 abnormalities 70 Bart \200\231s hydrops fetalis 87 C 82 D 82 698 bleeding, vWF-related 348 \200\22350 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 699 coagulation disorders - clinical approach 344 \200\2235 HIV infection and AIDS 353, 414 \200\22316, 418 \200\22319 coagulation disorders - laboratory Hodgkin \200\231s disease 208 \200\22314, 478 adjuvant radiotherapy 213 advanced stage 212 Ann Arbor staging classification 210 classical 208 clinical features 209 clinical imaging c riteria 211 combination chemotherapy 212 \200\22313 early stage 211 histology and classific ation 208 \200\2239 incidence 208 initial therapy 211 investigation, diagnosis and staging approach 346 \200\2237 defects, multiple 358 dysfibrinogenaemia 357 factor VII 357 \200\2238 factor XI 356 factor XIII (fibrin stabilizing factor) 358 fibrinogen 357 hemophilia A and B 352 \200\2235 haemorrhagic disease of the newborn 362 \200\2233 Henoch-Sch nlein purpura 376 liver disease 364 \200\2235 Osler-Weber Rendu syndrome 374 platelet disorders, hereditary 372 \200\2233 platelet function, acquire d disorders 210 lymphocyte depleted 209 lymphocyte rich classical 209 mixed cellularity 209 nodular lympocy te-predominant of 378 \200\22380 platelet function tests 370 \200\2231 thrombocytopenia 384 \200\2235, 386, 388 \200\2239, 3 92 \200\2233 thrombocytosis 382 thrombophilia 394 \200\2235, 396 \200\2238, 400 \200\2231 v itamin K deficiency 360 \200\2231 von Willebrand \200\231s disease 348 \200\22350 208 nodular sclerosing 208 prognosis 211 \200\22312 risk factors 208 salvage therapy 213 \200 \22314 home treatment 355 homocysteinaemia 397 hookworms 495 HSV/HZV 557 human leucocyte antigen t yping 640 \200\2231 haemostatic defects 25 Ham \200\231s test 636 hapten mechanism 108 haptoglobin 633 heavy ch ain disease 32, 288 Henoch-Scho nlein purpura 376 heparin 402, 588 \200\2239 gene loci mapping 298 hydration 560 hydroxyurea 76, 243, 252, 258 hyperadrenalism 48 hyperbilirubinaemia 444 \200 \2235 hypercalcaemia 277, 508 \200\2239 hypereosinophilic syndrome 238 hypergammaglobulinae mia 510 \200\22311 hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome induced thrombocytopenia 520 \200\2231 low molecular weight 588 overdosage 518 unfractionat ed 588 hepatitis B 40, 76, 353 hepatitis C 353 hereditary disorders 582 aplastic anemia 122 haemolytic syndromes 68 neutropenia 17 465 hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome 410 hypersensitivity reactions, immediate- type 504 hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin 93 hypersplenism 392 hyperviscosity 278, 510 \200\22311 hypoadrenalism 48 hypogammaglobulinaem ia, acquired high dose therapy 205, 231 \200\2232, 279, 287 high grade regimens 201 histiocytic syndrome s 490 \200\2232 histiocytosis, malignant 492 histology 471 history taking 2 \200\2233 412 hypolipidaemics 585 hyposplenism 413 hypothyroidism 48 699 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 700 idarubicin 626 ileal disease 60 immunodeficiency 408 \200\22319 joints 4, 344 disease and anemia 50 \200\2231 acquired 412 \200\22313 common variable 411 congenital syndromes 408 \200\22311 disorders, combined 408 HIV infection and AIDS 414 \200\22316, Karnofsky performance status 678 Kawasaki disease 495 kernicterus 440 Kleihauer test 633 \200\2234 Kostmann \200\231s syndrome 459 418 \200\22319 severe combined 408, 409 immunoglobulin 169, 425 A deficiency 410 intravenous 389, 656 \200\2237 see also under myeloma immunology 302, 512, 544, 689 immunophenotyping 636 \200\2237 immunosuppression 231, 389 in fant samples 424 infection 277, 512 congenital 438 post-natal 438 sickling disorders 72 tra nsplantation 295 inherited conditions 114 innocent bystander mechanism 108 insect bites 97 intensive therapy 201 \200\2232 interferon 179 \200\22380 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 490 \200\2231 large cell anaplastic type 479, 480 lazy leucoc yte syndrome 464 \200\2235 lead poisoning 96, 496 leishmaniasis 495 leucapheresis 586 leuco cytosis due to blasts 14 leucostasis 528 leukemia 150 \200\22390, 380, 470 acute, investiga tion of 544 acute myeloid 576 Allo and autografts 310 adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma 202, 244, 252, 279 (ATLL) 188 \200\2239 adult-type chronic myeloid (granulocytic) 487 \200\2238 atypical chron ic myeloid 235 biphenotypic 153 cell markers in chronic International Prognostic Scoring System 226, 232 ipritumomab 203 iron chelation therapy 230 deficiency 34, 51, 495 deficiency anemia 56 \200\2238 intravenous 58 overload 128 \200\2239 parenteral 58 physiology and metabolism 56 status evaluation 129 irr adiation, total body 279 irritants 578 isolation procedures 550 lymphoproliferative disorders 174 childhood acute myeloid 482 \200\2234 childhood lymphoblastic 474 \200\2236 chronic 486 \200\2238 eosinophilic 238 myeloid (CML) 164 \200\2237 myelomonocytic (CMML) 220, 228, 234 \200\2235 neutrophilic 238 hairy cell and variant 178 \200\22380 juvenile chronic myelomonocytic 487 juvenile myelomonocytic 235 large granular lymphocyte (LGLL) jaundice, neonatal 103 Jehovah \200\231s Witnesses 660 \200\2231 Job \200\231s syndrome 465 186 \200\2237 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) 700 184 \200\2235 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 701 plasma cell 32, 281 prolymphocytic 176 \200\2237 S zary syndrome 190 splenic lymphoma with villous precursor B-lymphoblastic 199, 478, 480 precursor T-lymphoblastic 199, 478, 480 lymphocytes (SLVL) 182 small lymphocytic 197, 199 splenic with villous lymphocytes see also acute lymphoblastic; acute myeloblastic; chronic lymphocytic Leukemia Research Fun d 666 leukaemoid reaction 14, 134 lineage infidelity 153 lipid formulation amphotericin (SLVL) 182 T-cell rich B-cell 197 see also Hodgkin \200\231s disease; non- Hodgkin \200\231s lymphopenia 17 \200\22318, 138 lymphoproliferative disorders 174, products 331 lipoproteinaemia 114 liposomal amphotericin 330 \200\2231 liver 324 582 abnormality 69 biopsy 365 disease 97, 364 \200\2235 disease and anemia 54 failure 379 McLeod phenotype 114 macrophages 411, 413 locomotor problems 73 lung 556 lupus anticoagulant 400 lymph node biopsy 169 enlargement 4 functional disorders 491 \200\2232 maintenance therapy 243 malabsorptive disorders 61 malaria 69, 96 marrow 496 failure syndromes, rare congenital lymphadenopathy 8 \200\2239 lymphocytosis 15, 138 lymphoma 194 \200\223214, 336, 470 458 \200\22360 infiltration 120, 634 manipulation of 317 stimulation 120, 634 underactivity (hypoplasia) 634 \200\2235 see also bone marrow adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma 188 \200\2239 aggressive 203 anaplastic large cell 198, 199 angio-immunoblastic mast cell disease (mastocytosis) 260 \200\2232, 494 lymphadenopathy 198 maternal Burkitt \200\231s 198, 199, 478, 480 central nervous system 206 childhood 478 \200\22380 di ffuse large B-cell 197, 199, 478, blood 440 samples 424 maximum surgical blood ordering schedule 646 Medical Research Council 669 melphalan 279, 610, 612, 620 and prednisolone (M& P) 278 menorrhagia 350 menstrual loss 56 metabolic problems 585 methaemoglobinaemia 110 met hylprednisolone 325, 608, 622 mitoxantrone 618 mitozantrone 618 monoclonal antibodies 202 \200\2233, 204, 480 follicular 196 \200\2237, 199 indolent 202 lymphoblastic 198 \200\2239, 204 lymphoplasm acytic 197 mantle cell 184 \200\2235, 198, 199, 204 marginal zone 197, 199, 203 mature (per ipheral) T-cell 197, 199, 478 mediastinal large B-cell 198 mycosis fungoides 197 \200\2238 non-endemic Burkitt 204 701 637 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 702 monoclonal gammopathy of non-secretory 281 -related organ/tissue impairment undetermined significance 32, 268 \200\2239 274 variant forms 281 \200\2233 monocytes 411 monocytopenia 144 monocytosis 144 mononucleosis syndromes 146 monosomy 7 synd rome 487 MOPP (chlormethine (mustine), vincristine, procarbazine, prednisolone) 600 myeloperoxidase deficiency 465 myelopoiesis, transient abnormal 487 myeloproliferative diso rders 234 \200\2235, 238 \200\22362, 380, 382, 582 erythrocytosis, idiopathic 249 erythrocy tosis, relative 248 erythrocytosis, secondary 246 mast cell disease (mastocytosis) ABVD adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) 602 260 \200\2232 myelofibrosis, idiopathic 256 \200\2238 polycythaemia vera 240 \200\2234 thrombocythaemia, essential 250 \200\2233 thrombocytosis, reactive 254 World Health Organization mouth care 550 mustine 600, 602 mycobacteria, atypical 557 mycoplasma 556 myeloablative con ditioning regimen classification 238 612 \200\22313 myelodysplasia 218 \200\22335, 380 classification systems 220 \200\2232 clinical features 224 \200\2235 clinical variants 228 management 230 \200\2232 and myeloproliferative diseases natural anticoagulation network 347 National Cancer Research Institute Leukemia Trials 668 \200\2239 234 \200\2235 prognostic factors 226 syndromes 218, 228, 486 \200\2238 myelofibrosis, idiop athic 256 \200\2238 myeloma 32, 306, 336 needlestick injuries 592 \200\2233 Neimann-Pick disease 496 neonatal disorders 513 prophylaxis 360 see also pediatric hematology asymptomatic (smoldering) 270 \200\2231 -autografts 310 immunoglobulin D 281 immunoglobulin E 281 immunoglobulin M 281 multiple 272 \200\22380 neoplasia 416, 512 neurological examination 4 neutropenia 16, 136 \200\2237 acquired 136 autoimmune 463 in childhood 462 \200\2233 chronic benign 462 congenital 136, 4 59 cyclic 462 fever 500 isoimmune of newborn 463 IV antibiotics, use of 552 \200\2233 proph ylaxis for 550 \200\2231 sepsis treatment when source clinical features and presentation 272 \200\2234 combination chemotherapy 278 cytogenetics 274 \200\2235 disease progression 280 end-organ d amage 274 epidemiology 272 high dose therapy and stem cell transplantation 279 \200\22380 management 277 \200\2238 melphalan and prednisolone 278 pathophysiology 272 radiotherapy 27 9 risk groups 277 staging systems 276 \200\2237 known/suspected 556 \200\2237 sepsis treatment when source unknown 554 \200\2235 neutrophilia 14 \200\22315, 134 neutrophils 408, 411, 413 702 function disorders 464 \200\2235 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 703 nitrates 496 nitrobenzene 496 nomograms 682 \200\2234 non-Hodgkins lymphoma 32, 194 \200 \223205, 306, 478, 576 blood counts in children 422 \200\2233 cancer, childhood and blood disorders, malignant 470 \200\2232 haemolytic disease of newborn 440 \200\2233 etiology 194 -autografts 310 classification 194 \200\2236 clinical features 196 \200\223200 epidemiology 194 initial treatment 201 \200\2235 presentation 196 prognostic factors 200 \200\2231 salvage therapy 205 haemolytic uraemic syndrome 468 \200\2239 haemostasis, neonatal 446 \200\2237 histiocytic syndromes 490 \200\2232 hyperbilirubinaemia 444 \200\2235 leukemia, childhood acute myeloid 482 \200\2234 leukemia, chronic 486 \200\2238 lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood non-myeloablative allografts 310 non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs 474 \200\2236 lymphomas, childhood 478 \200\22380 marrow failure syndromes, rare congenital 458 \200\2236 0 379 non-vesicants 578 Northern and Yorkshire Clinical Trials and Research Unit 668 \200\223 9 myelodysplastic syndromes, childhood 486 \200\2238 neutropenia in childhood 462 \200\2233 neutrophil function disorder s nucleotide metabolism - pyrimidine 5 \200\231 nucleotidase deficiency 106 \200\2237 464 \200\2235 null cell type 479 nutritional disorders 495 polycythaemia in newborn and childhood 428 \200\2239 red cell aplasia, acquired 454 \200 \2235 red cell aplasia, congenital 452 \200\2233 red cell defects, acquired 438 \200\2239 r ed cell defects, congenital 436 \200\2237 red cell transfusion and blood opioids 538 \200\2239 optic fundi 4 oral contraceptive pill users 396 Osler-Weber-Rendu syn drome 374 osmotic fragility test 98 osteopetrosis, infantile 460 ovalocytosis, Southeast As ian 100 oxygen 97 component therapy 424 \200\2236 systemic disease in children, hematological effects of 494 \200\2236 thrombocytopenic purpura, childhood immune (idiopathic) 466 \200\2237 pediatric normal rang es 690 pain control 277 pain management 538 \200\2239 paraparesis 526 paraprotein, serum or urine 32 paraproteinaemias 266 \200\22391 pediatric hematology 422 \200\22396 alloimmune thrombocytopenia, neonatal 448 \200\2239 amyloidosis (primary systemic) 288 \200\22391 heavy chain disease 288 monoclonal gammopathy of anemia congenital dyserythropoietic 450 \200\2231 undetermined significance 268 \200\2239 Fanconi \200\231s 456 \200\2237 haemolytic of the neonate 434 neonatal 430 \200\2231 of pre maturity 432 myeloma, asymptomatic (smoldering) 270 \200\2231 703 myeloma, variant forms of 281 \200\2233 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 704 paraproteinaemias (continued) Waldenstr m \200\231s production failure 562 \200\2233 reactions and refractoriness 548 \200\2239 release 371 sto rage and administration 546 \200\2237 transfusion 230, 316, 317, 524 \200\2235, macroglobulinaemia 284 \200\2237 see also myeloma, multiple parathyroid disorders 48 paroxysmal nocturnal 547 haemoglobinuria 69 parvovirus B19 infection 454, 494 \200\2235 peripheral blood stem cell t ransplant Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 556 \200\2237 POEMS syndrome 281 \200\2232 poisons 496 polyc ythaemia 510 302 \200\2233 perianal infection 556 periodontal infection 556 pharmacological problems 585 phenothiazines 574 phone numbers, useful 664 \200\2239 physical examination 4 pituitary di sorders 48 plasma in newborn and childhood 428 \200\2239 primary proliferative (rubra vera) 11 spurious 11 vera 240 \200\2234 post-transplant vaccination program 336 \200\2237 pre-deposit system 658 prednisolone 388 \200\2239, 594, 598, 600, exchange (plasmapheresis) 286, 584 \200\2235 602, 604 viscosity 30, 632 see also fresh frozen plasma pre-extravasation syndrome 578 pregnancy 253, 350, 512 plasmacytoma 32 plasmapheresis see plasma exchange platelet 422 \200\2233, 426 abnormal 378 activation 512 adhesion 370 aggregation 370 count 370 anemia 34 anticoagulation 404 \200\2235 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 392 thrombocytopenia 36 thromboembolism 405 thrombophilia 396 prematurity and anemia 432 pre-transfusion testing 424 primary immune deficiency syndromes 411 abnormal 346 elevated 20 in pregnancy 36 reduced 22 \200\2233 procarbazine 598, 600, 602 procedures see protocols and procedures cytomegalovirus negative 650 decreased bone marrow production of 384 prophylaxis 355 decreased production 386 destruction 384 dilutional loss 384 disorders, hereditary 372 \200 \2233 dysfunction 378, 524 exhaustion 378, 379 \200\22380 function, acquired disorders of anti-D 390, 441 antibacterial 550 antibiotics 569 anticoagulation 401 antifungal 550 antivi ral 550 neonatal 360 and purine analogs 558 special situations 550 \200\2231 378 \200\22380 function analysis-100, 371 function tests 370 \200\2231 irradiated 650 low 69 numerical abn ormalities of protein C 396, 398 C deficiency 397 -calorie malnutrition 495 S deficiency 397 see thrombocytopenia; thrombocytosis 704 prothrombin gene mutation 397 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 705 protocols and procedures 544 \200\223628 neutropenia, IV antibiotics, use of ABVD 596 adriamycin (doxorubicin), BCNU 552 \200\2233 neutropenia, prophylaxis for 550 \200\2231 neutropenic sepsis treatment when (carmustine), cyclophosphamide, melphalan (ABCM) 620 source known/suspected 556 \200\2237 anticoagulation, oral 590 anticoagulation therapy - heparin neutropenic sepsis treatment when source unknown 554 \200\2235 588 \200\2239 plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) BEAM (myeloablative conditioning regimen) 610, 612 \200\22313 584 \200\2235 platelet reactions and refractoriness bone marrow examination 570 \200\2231 bone marrow failure, chronic 562 \200\2233 C-Thal-Dex 628 catheters, tunneled central venous 548 \200\2239 platelet storage and administration 546 \200\2237 platelet transfusion support 547 prophylaxis and purine analogs 568 \200\2239 chemotherapy administration 558 572 \200\2233 R-CHOP splenectomy 582 \200\2233 tumor lysis syndrome, acute 560 \200\2231 VAPEC-B 594 \200 \2235 venepuncture 564 venesection 566 vincristine, adriamycin (doxorubicin), dexamethasone (VAD) 624 chemotherapy antiemetics 574 \200\2235 chemotherapy, intrathecal 576 chlorambucil, vinblast ine, procarbazine, prednisolone (ChIVPP) 598 chlormethine (mustine), vincristine, procarbazine, prednisolone (MOPP) 600 chlormethine (mustine), vincristine, Z-DEX 626 procarbazine, prednisolone/adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (M OPP/ABVD) 602 psychological support 540 psychosocial problems 73 purine analogs 177, 179, 202, 287, 558 purpura CVP 614 cyclophosphamide, vincristine, idiopathic thrombocytopenic 388, 392 adriamycin (doxorubicin), methylprednisolone (C-VAMP) 622 cyclophosphamide, vincristine, post-transfusion 392, 506 thrombocytopenic childhood immune (idiopathic) 466 \200\2237 thrombotic thrombocytopenic doxorubicin, prednisolone (CHOP) 604 dexamethasone, cisplatin, 530 \200\2231 pyknocytosis, infantile 439 pyridoxine deficiency see vitamin B6 pyruvate kin ase deficiency 104 \200\2235 cytarabine (DHAP) 606 \200\2237 ESHAP 608 \200\2239 extravasation 578 \200\2239, 580 fludarabine and cyclophosphamide 616 quality of life 536 fludarabine, mitoxantrone (mitozantrone), dexamethasone (FMD) 618 leucapheresis 586 leukemia, acute, investigation of 544 needlestick injuries 592 \200\2233 705 radioactive phosphorus 243 \200\2234 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.36 PM Page 706 radiology 302, 353, 471, 544 radiotherapy 201, 258, 279, 594 methaemoglobinaemia 110 microangiopathic haemolytic anemia (MAHA) 112 adjuvant 213 ranges, normal 688 \200\22390 rasburicase 161, 560 \200\22361 red cell 316, 422 nucleotide metabolism - pyrimidine 5 \200\231 nucleotidase deficiency 106 \200\2237 pyruvate kinase deficiency 104 \200\2235 sickle cell trait (HbAS) 78 sickling disorders 72 \200\2234 spherocytosis, heredi tary 98 \200\2239 starvation 66 thalassaemia 86 aplasia, acquired 454 \200\2235 aplasia, congenital 452 \200\2233 defects, acquired 438 \200\2239 defects, congenital 436 \200\2237 disorders 44 \200\223131 acanthocytosis 114 anemia 86 \200\2237 88 \200\22390 HbS 80 HbS 80 heterozygous 92 heterozygous 92 homozygous 92 \210 92 aplastic 122 \200\2233 autoimmune haemolytic 116 \200\22317 drug-induced haemolytic 108 in endocrine disease 48 in gastrointestinal disease 52 in joint disease 50 \200\2231 leucoeryt hroblastic 120 in liver disease 54 and peripheral blood movie 44 in renal disease 46 aplasi a, pure red cell 126 cold haemagglutinin disease (CHAD) 118 elliptocytosis, hereditary 100 folate deficiency 62 \200\2233 glucose-6 \200\223phosphate transfusion haemosiderosis 130 \200\2231 vitamin A deficiency 66 vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency 66 vitamin B12 deficiency 60 \200\2231 vitamin C deficiency 66 vitamin E deficie ncy 66 enzyme disorder 69 mass, increased 246 production failure 562 supportive transfusions 317 t ransfusion 230, 424 \200\2236, 524, 648 \200\2239 relapse post-allogeneic SCT, treatment dehydrogenase deficiency 102 \200\2233 glycolytic pathway 106 hemoglobin disorders, Hb patt erns of 94 hemoglobin, fetal, hereditary persistence of 93 hemoglobin production, genetic of 338 renal abnormality 69 disease and anemia 46 failure 379 impairment, correction of 277 control of 70 \200\2231 hemoglobin, unstable 84 haemoglobinuria, paroxysmal nocturnal 124 \200\2235 haemolysis, non -immume 96 \200\2237 haemolytic syndromes 68 \200\2239 HbC 82 HbD 82 HbE 82 HbLepore 92 HbS C 80 HbSD 80 HbSO 80 iron deficiency anemia 56 \200\2238 iron overload 128 \200\2239 megalo blastic anemia 64 respiratory investigations 302 reticular dysgenesis 408 reticulocytes 634 \200\2235 rhesus (D) mismatch 318 rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile 494 ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination 349 rituximab 177, 202 respiratory syncytial virus 557 706 St Jude staging system 479 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.37 PM Page 707 salvage therapy 205, 213 \200\22314 Schumm \200\231s test 633 scurvy 495 Seckel \200\231s s yndrome 460 sedation 569 sepsis 69 surgery 244, 253, 350 and bleeding, prolonged 38 \200\2239 system lupus erythematosus 494 systemic disease in children, hematological effects of 494 \200\2236 systemic fibrinolyis 524 severe 17 septic shock 500 sequestration crises 73 serum ferritin level 11 paraprotein 32 sex hormones 48 S zary syndrome 190 sharps injury 592 sho rt chain fatty acids 76 Shwachman-Diamond syndrome T cells 408, 410, 479 T lineage 158 tacrolimus 322 tapeworms 495 thalassaemia 86 88 \200 \22390 HbS 80 HbS 80 heterozygous 92 heterozygous 92 homozygous 92 92 459 \200\22360 sickle cell trait (HbAS) 78 crisis 532 test, positive (solubility test) 40 sickling disorders 72 \200\2234 skin 324 thalidomide 628 thrombocythaemia, essential 250 \200\2233 thrombocytopenia 384 \200\2235, 3 86, 392 \200\2233 with absent radius syndrome 458 amegakaryocytic 458 autoimmune 392 drug-i nduced 392 \200\2233 gestational 392 heparin-induced 520 \200\2231 hereditary 385 immune 38 8 \200\2239 neonatal alloimmune 392, 448 \200\2239 non-immune 392 in pregnancy 36 thrombocy tosis 382 reactive 254, 382 thromboembolism 405 lesions, infected, erythematous margins of 4 sodium chlorate 496 solitary plasmacytoma of bone 282 specialist centers 472 support 355 spherocytosis, hereditary 98 \200\2239 spinal collapse 526 spleen 73 splenectomy 177, 179, 258, 389, 582 \200\2233 splenic irradiation 177, 258 lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL) 182 recurrent 26 venous 404 \200\2235 thrombolysis 328 thrombolytic therapy, overdosage of splenomegaly 6 spontaneous inhibitors 366 \200\2237 5q \200\223 syndrome 228 starvation 66 stem cell transplantation see under 516 thrombopathy, drug induced 371 thrombophilia 394 \200\2235 acquired 400 \200\2231 inherited 396 \200\2238 transplantation stem cells, manipulation of 317 steroids 574 storage disorders 496 supporti ve thrombosis arterial 253 recurrent 398 see also haemostasis and thrombosis care 290, 536 \200\22340 management 179 treatment 244 707 22-OHC2e_index.qxd 10.12.2003 04.37 PM Page 708 thrombotic events, acute 397 \200\2238, 401 thyroid disorders 48 thyrotoxicosis 48 tissue d amage 512 tissue factor, release of 512 T-lymphocyte abnormalities, acquired tumors 470, 471 umbilical cord blood transplants 298 urine paraprotein 32