411, 525 Hydroxy-CQ, 551t Hymenolepis diminuta, 600 Hymenolepis nana, 600 hyoscine, 452 hyp eraldosteronism, 128, 360 malignant, 132, 135, 136f metabolic alkalosis differential, 664t postural, 44 pulmonary, 129, 138, Histoplasmosis capsulatum, 170 313 \200\22314, 450t, 655t, 663t, 664t hyperammonemia, 381 hyperbilirubinemia, 245 hypercal cemia, 84, 173, 192, 214t, 244, 249, 258, 268, 307t, 379, 429 \200\22330, 451t, 635 hyperca lcemic 180, 186, 195 history taking, from patient, renal diseases causing, 37 \200\2238, 39t, 40 \200\2231 HIV/AIDS, 555t \200\223557t, 566 \200\2239 HIV infection, 6 2, 146t, 168, 170, 282, 377, 379, 519t, 522t 279 risk factors, 113 secondary, 133, 278 hypertensive retinopathy, 133 treatment/monitoring, hyperthyroidism, 41, 43t, 285, 298t, 463 hypertriglyceridemia, 109 hypertrophic 571 \200\2234 HMG-CoA reductase nephropathy, 277, 282 inhibitors, 280, 362 hypercalciuria, 192, 283, hoarseness, 54, 138 Hodgkin \200\231s lymphoma, 307t hypercapnia, 187 hypercholesterolemia, cardiomyopathy, 144 \200\2235, 145t 560, 630 hypertrophic pulmonary Hoffmann \200\231s reflex, 332t Holmes-Adie (myotonic) 108 \200\2239 osteoarthropathy (HPOA), 55, 167 hypergammaglobulinemia, pupil, 81 232, 235 hyperglycemia, 289 hyperglycemic hyperuricemia, 665 hyperuricosuria, 258 hyperventilation, 77 hyperviscosity syndromes, holosystolic murmur (HSM), 53 814 Holt-Oram syndrome, 146t homonymous hemianopia, hyperosmolar nonketotic state, 782 636 \200\2237 64t hyperhidrosis, 324 idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, 410 idiopathic intracranial infectious mononucleosis, hypoalbuminemia, 266 hypocalcemia, 305, 451t, 665 hypochromia, 611 hypocitraturia, 258 hypo gammaglobulinemia, 559 infective endocarditis, hypertension (IIH), 346t, 348 138, 140, 141 \200\2232, 143t, 359, 461 idiopathic orthostatic hypotension, 80 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 184, 198t idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, 195 idiosyncratic reactions, to infective hemoptysis, 76 inferior gluteal nerve, 341f inferior petrosal sinus, 367 infiltra ting granulomas, 168 hypoglycemia, 286, 290t, 294, 295 \200\2237, 364, 379 hypoglycemic coma, 782 hypogonadism, 294, 305 hypogonadotropic 146t infiltrative lymphadenopathy, 79 hypogonadism, 321 \200\2232 drugs, 12 ifosfamide, 280 IgA nephropathy (Berger \200\231s inflammation/infection hypokalemia, 214t, 450t, scan, 707 673 \200\2234 inflammatory arthritis, hypomagnesemia, 451t, 677 hyponatremia, 84, 302, 312, 379, 448, 450t, 668 \200\2239, 670t disease), 263 IL-1 antagonist, 407t IL-6 antagonist, 407t ileal resection, 248 ileostomies, 463 imipenem, 534t, 582 imipramine, 647 immediate hypersensitivity 399 \200\223400 inflammatory markers, 636 infliximab, 239, 242t influenza, 161, 164, 182t, hypoparathyroidism, 305 hypophosphatemia, 173 hypophosphatemic 519t, 562t informed consent, 447 inherited kidney diseases, disorders, 173, 309 hypopituitarism, 42, 80, 295, 320, 321 hypopituitary coma, 784 hypotens ion, 165, 261, 274 hypothalamic-pituitary- reactions (IHR), 688 281 \200\2232 immune modulator inherited thrombophilia, therapy, 406t 638 insomnia, 78 insulin-like growth factor, immune thrombocytopenia, 620 thyroid (HPA) axis, 299t hypothalamus 295, 321 immunization, adults, insulin-like growth factor 2 539 \200\22340 (IGF-2), 295 anatomy, 335 immunosuppressants, 147, insulinoma, 296 insulin preparations, regimens, 286, 287t \200\223289t, 291t insulin secret agogues, 290 interferon- , 374 internuclear hypothermia, 19, 84, 92 \200\2233, 113, 226, 741, 784, 796 192, 275, 278, 376, 388, 628, 639 \200\22340 inappropriate ADH hypothyroidism, 41, 146t, 190, 214t, 297t, 298 \200\223300, 301 \200\2232, 321, 745 hypoton ia, 63t, 332t hypovolemic shock, 186t, secretion, 430 incidence, in epidemiology, 28 ophthalmoplegia, 78 incident diabetic interstitial fibrosis, 198 interstitial intracranial pressure, 778 interstitial lung diseas es, 449, 745 nephropathy, 292t incipient hypoglycemia, 316 inclusion body myositis hypoxemia, 165 hypoxia, 186, 379, 465 (IBM), 414 incretin mimetics, 290 indigestion, 73 indinavir, 258, 573 industrial dust disea ses, 183 \200\2235, 198t I iatrogenic Cushing \200\231s syndrome, 310 iatrogenic shock, 745 ibandronate, 307t ibupro fen, 452 ice craving (pagophagia), 610 idiopathic headache syndromes, 345 interstitial nephritis, 258, 276 \200\2237, 283 intestinal ischemia, 468 \200\2239 intracardiac 193t, 196 \200\2237 electrophysiology, 102 intracerebral hemorrhage, infantile polycystic kidney disease, 281 infantile spasms, 358 infection-associated 364 intracranial hematoma, 776 intracranial hypotension, 815 nephropathies, 282 idiopathic 349 infectious diseases, 518 \200\223607 hyperaldosteronism, 314 intracranial lesions, 364 jugular venous pulse and left parasternal heave, 45 left shift, 611 left upper quadrant pain, 79 intracranial venous pressure, 47 \200\2238, 78 junctional tachycardia, 760 justice, promotion of, by thrombosis, 367 \200\2238 intractable heart failure, 131, 144 intraductal papillary doctors, 2 left ventricular aneurysm, 117 mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), 428 left ventricular failure K kanamycin, 556t Kawasaki disease, 146t, 633 Kayser-Fleischer rings, 233 keratoconjunctivi tis, 192 ketamine, 431 ketanserin, 246 ketoconazole, 216t, 639 ketones, 657 Klebsiella, 160 , 164, 169 Klinefelter \200\231s syndrome, 146t koilonychia (spoon-shaped (LVF), 116, 128 Legionella pneumophila, 163t, 164, 169 leiomyoma (fibroids), 516 leiomyosar coma, 237 leishmaniasis, 593 \200\2234 length bias, in screening, 35 length biases in scree ning, intralysosomal deposits of trihexoside, 281 intravenous urogram/ pyelogram (IVU/ IVP), 255 intubation difficulties, management, 443 invasive aspergillosis, 170 invasive candidiasis, 594 inverse care law (on 35 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 381 delivery of quality medical care), 15 leprosy (Hansen \200\231s disease), 193t, 387t, 586 \200\2237 leptospirosis, 144, 215, 282, nails), 43t, 610 KUB (kidney, ureters, iodine-131, 301t ipratropium, 178, 182t ipratropium bromide, bladder) x-ray, 254 Kussmaul respiration, 77 kyphoscoliosis, 186 kyphosis ( \200\234humpbac k \200\235), 71 587 \200\2238 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 178t, 761 ipsilateral UMN 277, 665 lesions, 329 leukemia, 170, 625 \200\2236 dysfunction, 329 iron-deficiency anemia, 209, 221, 248, 609 \200\22310 irritable bowel synd rome, 74, 210t, 242 \200\2233, 243t, 249 ischemia, 128 ischemic colitis, 210t ischemic stro ke, 359 \200\22362 isolated sagittal sinus thrombosis, 367 L labyrinthine vertigo, 355 lacosamide, 381 lacuna infarcts, 360 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 626 \200\2237 acute myeloid leukemia, 203, 627 \200\2238 Burkitt \200\231s leukemia, 631 chronic leukoblastic leukemia, 264 chronic lymphocytic leuk emia, 629 chronic myeloid syndrome, 391 lamivudine, 573 lamotrigine, 347, 380 \200\2231 Lance-Adams syndrome, 359 lanreotide, 246 laparoscopic isoniazid, 216t, 411, 556t isotretinoin, 348 itching (pruritus), 78 itraconazole, 170, 171, 216t IV catheter placement, 656, leukemia, 628 \200\2239 leukemoid reaction, 611 leukodystrophy, 388t leukoerythroblastic an emia, cholecystectomy, 486 Lassa virus, 523t, 588 latent autoimmune 611 leukopenia, 232 leukoplakia, 202 leukotriene receptor antagonists, 178 720, 735, 736t IV fluid therapy, 658 \200\2239, diabetes in adulthood (LADA), 286 latent varicella zoster virus, 356 659t \200\223660t J Jacksonian convulsion, 378 Janus kinase inhibitor, 407t Japanese encephalitis (JE-VC), 52 6 lateral sinus thrombosis, levetiracetam, 381 levofloxacin, 533t, 556t levothyroxine, 302 Lewy body dementia, 377 Libm an-Sacks-endocarditis, 367 laxatives, 213 LDL (low-density lipoprotein), 109, 289 jaundice, 166, 215 \200\22316, 216t, 234, 244, 252, 547 obstructive, with CBD L-dopa, 72, 657 lead poisoning, 214t, 387t lead-time bias, in screening, 141 lid lag, 79 lifestyle modification, in diabetes, 289 stones, 486 816 34 \200\2235 leflunomide, 406t left iliac fossa pain, 79 JC virus, 521t Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 425t jugular vein thrombosis, 368 /Q lung scan (V lung transplantation, 201 lupus nephritis (LN), 263, malignant mesothelioma, ), 706 ligand growth factor receptors, 433 \200\2234 197 Mallory-Weiss syndrome, likelihood ratios, in 470, 472 264t lupus pernio, 192 luteinizing hormone (LH), evaluation diagnostic tests, 31 \200\2232 linaclotide, 214 linezolid, 535t liraglutide, 290 t lisinopril, 134 Listeria monocytogenes, malt worker \200\231s lung, 194, 198t mammography screening, 11, 35t, 71, 236, 319, 422, 426t, 427, 497 \200\2239 317 Lyme disease, 144, 390t, 587 mania, 68 marantic endocarditis, 244 maraviroc, 574 Marburg virus, 523t, 588 Marcus Gunn si gn, lymphadenopathy, 79, 190, 192 lymphatic filarial, 599 lymphocytes, 612 \200\22313 lymphocytic 520t Listeria monocytogenes, 545t listeriosis, 519t, 581 lithium, 280 livedo reticularis, 271 liver failure, 224 \200\2235, 2 26t, in pupillary abnormalities, 81 Marfan \200\231s syndrome, 42, 138, 139, 146t, 189, 305 choriomeningitis virus (LCM), 523t lymphogranuloma, 576 lytic bone metastases, 429 227t, 237 liver fibrosis, 281 liver metastases, 236 liver transplantation, 226t, 228, 233, 234, 235 marrow transplantation, 630 M macrocytic anemia, 609, massive pulmonary embolism, 768 \200\2239, 769t massive splenomegaly, 637 \200\234maturity \200\235 onset 613 \200\22314 liver tumors, 236 \200\2237, 237t living wills/advance macrocytosis, 613 \200\22314 macroglossia, 203 macrolide IV- directives, 21 locked-in syndrome, 360 loiasis, 599 \200\223600 long-acting inhaled 2-ago nists, 177 long-QT syndromes, 758 loop colostomy, 462 loop diuretics, 272, 277 loperamide, 246 lopinavir/ritonavir, 573 lorazepam, 382 losartan, 135 Louse-borne relapsing nephropathy, 282 McDonald criteria for MS diagnosis, 375t clarithromycin, 162t macrolides, 533, 533t macronodular adrenal measles, 523t measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, 540t hyperplasia, 310 macroscopic hematuria, Meckel \200\231s diverticulum, 261 217, 470 median nerve, 340f mediastinum, widened, 692 medicine, thinking about, macular rash, 413, 515 Madura foot, 594 magnesium, 761 magnetic resonance 3 \200\22323 cholangiopan- creatography, 223 Mediterranean fever, 542 medium size vessel fever, 588 magnetic resonance vasculitides, 279 medullary sponge kidney, lower limb nerves, 341f lower motor neuron imaging (MRI), 107, 152, 216, 223, 255, 295, 329, 396t, 401, 650, 686, 705 252, 258 (LMN), 329, 332t, 387 medullary thyroid cancer, low MCV anemia, 609 low-molecular weight 210t, 310 medullary thyroid malabsorption syndromes, heparin (LMWH), 115, 188 \200\2239, 453, 623 lumbar puncture, 348, 543, 305 carcinoma (MTC), 304t malaria, 186t, 519t, 525, 546, 549 \200\22352, 637 malar rash (butterfly rash), Mees \200\231 lines (of nails), 43t mefloquine, 525, 552t megaloblastic anemia, 632 megliti nides, 290 membranoproliferative 727 \200\2238, 729f lung abscess, 76, 166, 271, 412t 169, 189 lung biopsy, 158 lung cancer, 173, 179, 427 \200\2238 lung fibrosis, 189, 630 lung neoplasms, 173 \200\2234, 175t lung nodule, 55 lung-related dyspnea, 74 male pattern balding, 318 malignant carcinoid, 138 malignant HTN, 664t malignant hyperpyrex ia, glomerulonephritis, 264, 266 membranous lupus nephritis, 264t 817 278t malignant hypertension, 132, 135, 136f, 364 methylnaltrexone, 213 methylprednisolone, 192, 374, 376, 748, 761 \200\2232, 762t, 764, 764 t mitral stenosis, 77, 138 mitral valve disease, 138 mitral valve prolapse, 138, membranous nephropathy, 266 \200\2237, 283 memory loss, short-term, 145t, 146t 610 methysergide, 261 metoclopramide, 207, 209, 294, 323, 353, 431 metronidazole, 445, 535t, M-mode echocardiography, M ni re \200\231s disease, 63t, 84, 104, 106f 355, 356t meningiomas, 425t meningitis, 62, 84, 171, 192, 345, 346t, 357, 370, 371t, 772 \200\2233, 773t meningococcal vaccine, Mobitz type I, II block, 116 moderate splenomegaly, 577 \200\2238 637 micafungin, 170, 568, 571t, molluscum contagiosum 594, 597t miconazole, 143t microadenomas, 323 microalbuminuria, 251, 252, virus, 522t monkeypox, 523t monoamine oxidase 540t Meningococcus, 144 meningo-encephalitis, 372 meniscal tears, 716 menopause, 59 mental illne ss, 62 mental status, altered, inhibitors (MAOIs), 216t 280t, 282, 292t monoarthritis, 399 monoclonal antibodies, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, 617 microscopic hematuria, 307t, 374 monoclonal gammopathy, 353 \200\2234 515t 264, 635 mental status examination, microscopic polyangiitis mononeuritis multiplex, 330t (MPA), 265 Microsporum canis, 524 microstomia, 203 midazolam, 465 mid-diastolic murmurs, 53 middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory stroke, 331t 63t, 281 meperidine, 452, 488 meropenem, 534t, 539t, 582 mesalamine, topical, 239 mesangial prolifer ative mononeuropathies, 385, 386t mononucleosis, infectious, 77, 559 lupus nephritis, 264t metabolic acidosis, 137, 290t, 312, 381, 549, 661 \200\2233 monosodium urate crystals, 408 montelukast, 178 Moraxella catarrhalis, 583 Morganella morganii, 520t morning stiffness, 398 morphine, 114t, 214t, 270, midodrine, 294 migraine, 84, 345, 346t, metabolic alkalosis, 663, 663t 349 \200\22353 metabolic bone disease, migraine aura, 61 \200\2232, 346, 350 \200\2231, 356, 363 271, 272 323, 452, 488 morphine-resistant pain, metabolic syndrome, 665 metacarpophalangeal milnacipran, 408 mineralocorticoid 431 (MCP) joints, swelling, 43 replacement therapy, 321 mortality rates (cancer), 422 metaiodobenzylguanidine minimal change mosquito-borne viruses, 372, 523t, 525 motion sickness, 84 motor deficit patterns, 329 moto r neuropathy, 387 motor palsy, 64 movements, abnormal, (MIBG), 315t metamyelocytes, 611 metapneumovirus, 522t metastatic thyroid cancer, glomerulonephritis (MCGN), 266 minimal mesangial lupus nephritis, 264t Mini-Mental Status E xam (MMSE), 62, 67t minocycline, 348, 411 miosis (pupillary 298 metformin, 248, 289, 290t, 318, 455, 662, 689 358 \200\2239 methadone, 431 methicillin-resistant moxifloxacin, 162t, 533t, constriction), 173 Mirizzi syndrome, 486 misoprostol, 208 mitochondrial 556t S. aureus (MRSA), 579 methicillin-sensitive mucolytic agents, 168, 179 mucopolysaccharidoses, staphylococci, 530 methimazole, 301t methotrexate, 184, 232, autoantibodies, 415t 138 mitomycin, 278t mitoxantrone, 374 mitral regurgitation, 117, Muehrcke \200\231s lines (of nails), 818 234, 242t, 278t, 403t, 406t, 640 methyldopa, 135, 216t 43t multifocal atrial 138 tachycardia, 760 myocarditis, 166 myoclonus, 271, 358 \200\2239 myoglobin, 278t myopathies, 391 \200\2232 my ositis-associated nephrogenic systemic multiple endocrine fibrosis/nephrogenic fibrosing dermatopathy (NSF/ NFD), 689 neoplasia syndromes, 296, 304t, 315, 425t multiple myeloma, 277, 635 multiple sclerosis (MS ), 347, 364, 372 \200\2234, 375t, 384 autoantibodies, 415t myotonic dystrophy, 63t myxedema, 680 nephrolithiasis, 283, 665 nephrolithotomy, 440t nephronophthisis, 281 nephrotic syndrome, 2 44, mumps, 523t murine (epidemic) typhus, 590 251, 261 \200\2232, 265, 266 \200\2238, 446t, 549 muscle power screening N nadolol, 352 nafcillin, 143t, 530t nail-fold artifacts, 43t nail-fold erythema, 413 nails , examination of, 43t narrative answers, finding, test, 342f nephrotoxic drugs, 269, 275 nephrotoxins, 278 nerve palsy, 64 nerve roots, 339f nervous sys tem anatomy, muscle weakness grading (MRC classification), 332t muscular dystrophy, 63t musculoskeletal CT, 716 musculoskeletal MRI, 716 musculoskeletal ra diology, 333 6 \200\2237 Neurocysticercosis, 600 neuroendocrine tumors, 246 neurofibromatosis, 315, narrow complex 716 tachycardia, 119, 121, 122t, 760 \200\2231 nasal polyps, 167 nasogastric tube insertion, 44 8, 659, 663, 719, 788 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, musculoskeletal symptoms, 316, 425t 41, 79 neurogenic mushroom toxicity, 224 mushroom worker \200\231s lung, hyperventilation, 77 neurogenic shock, 745 neuroleptic malignant 194, 198t myasthenia gravis, 63t, 186, 560 syndrome, 278t 390 \200\2231 nasopharyngitis, 290t natalizumab, 374 nateglinide, 290t National Consensus neuroleptics, 353 neurological coma mycobacteria, 520t Mycobacterium infections, examination, 744t neurological examination, 168, 570t mycobacterium Project for Palliative Care, 22 330t \200\223331t tuberculosis, 169, 552 \200\2237 neurological symptoms, in National Institute on ROS, 41 neurological system, mycophenolate mofetil, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 69 232, 275, 391, 411 Mycoplasma, 144, 162t, 164 myeloablative therapy, 630 myelocytes, 611 my elodysplasia, 632 myeloid metaplasia, 634 myeloma, 634 \200\2235 myelopathies, 392 myelopro liferative examination, 61 \200\2235 neurology, 328 \200\22396 neuromuscular disease, natriuretic peptide, 667t \200\223668t 384 \200\2235 nausea, 129, 207, 243, 355 Necator americanus, 598 neck MRI, 712 necrotizing stomatitis, 20 2 Neisseria gonorrhea, 578 nelfinavir, 573 nematodes, 598 \200\2239 neoplastic colonic poly ps, neuromuscular junction disorders, 390 \200\2231 neuromyelitis optica (Devic \200\231s), 376 neuron specific enolase, disorders, 77, 446t, 633 \200\2234 680 neuropathy, 192 neuroradiology, 394 \200\2236, 712, myocardial infarction (MI), 27, 44, 74, 84, 113, 487 500 713f \200\223715f acute posterolateral, neoplastic hemoptysis, 76 nephritic syndrome, 251, neutrophils, 612 nevirapine, 574 N. gonorrhoeae, 516 niacin deficiency (pellagra), 116t complications, 116 \200\22317 post-MI ecg changes, 265 nephrocalcinosis, 281, 283 nephrogenic diabetes 114t 245 nicardipine, 639 nicotine gum, 89 nicotinic acid, 109 post-MI enzyme changes, insipidus, 277, 280, 325, 327 819 114t myocardial perfusion imaging, 107, 706 nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, 689 bladder cancer, 80 breast cancer, 28, 35t, nonthyroidal illness, 302 \200\2233 Noonan \200\231s syndrome, 146t norethindrone, 318 norf loxacin, 228 normoblasts, 611 normocytic anemia, 609 noroviruses, 523t, 524, 544t nortripty line, 352 NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs), 59, 117, 208, 228, 266, 276, 278t , 282 \200\2233, 327, 353, 403t, 409t, 431, 639 nuclear medicine nifedipine, 134, 203 99mTc-mercaptotrig- lycylglycine renal scan, 710 nitrates, 115, 117, 2 09 nitrofurantoin, 184, 198t, 216t, 348, 536t 71, 307, 319 cancer epidemiology, 422, 422t, 423t cancer therapy, 433 \200\2235 cervical cancer, 80 colo noscopy screening, 213, 222, 239, 426t colorectal cancer, 210t, nitrofurantoin monohydrate macrocrystals, 535t, 536t 214t, 426 \200\2237 nitroprusside, 316 Nocardia spp., 169, 581 nocturia, 59 nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea, 150 n odular capillary emergencies, 429 \200\22330 esophageal cancer, 206, 207 hepatocellular cancer, (radionuclide scanning), 152, 255, 706 \200\2237 nuclear medicine 228 lung cancer, 173, 179 mammography, 35t, glomerulosclerosis, 282 nodules (subcutaneous), 79 nonacute porphyrias, 682 non-ANCA associ ated 422, 426t techniques, 152 nutritional disorders, 245 nystagmus, 64, 381 nystatin, 203 medullary thyroid cancer, 210t, 310 metastatic thyroid cancer, 298 ovarian cancer, 80 prost atic/pancreatic GN, 265 nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 318 nonconvulsive status epilepticus, 354t O obesity, 206f obliterative bronchiolitis, cancer screening, 426t nonfunctional pituitary adenomas, 320 nongonococcal urethritis, radiotherapy, 435 \200\2236 rectal cancer, 80 severe cancer, symptom 176 observational studies, 28 \200\2239 obsessive thoughts, 68 obstructive hydrocephalus, 578 control, 431 111-IN-pentetreotide scintigraphy, 315t onycholysis (of the nails), non-Hodgkin \200\231s lymphoma (NHL), 630, 631 778 non-hyperthyroid obstructive jaundice, thyrotoxicosis, 300 43t 215, 486 noninfective urethritis, 578 non-insulin hypoglycemia, open lung biopsy, 158 opiate analgesics, 214t, 323 opioid drugs, 452 Opisthorchis, 601 oral contraceptives, 237, 639 oral hairy leukoplakia, obstructive shock, 745 obstructive sleep apnea/ 295 hypopnea syndrome, 186, 200, 324 non-narcotic analgesia, 452 non-neoplastic colonic polyps, 500 non-nucleoside reverse trans criptase inhibitors, 574 nonocclusive ischemia, 468 nonpitting edema, 74, 302 nonproliferat ive obturator hernias, 467, 482 obturator nerve, 341f, 482 obturators sign, 467 occipital lobe 202, 560 oral manifestations of GI diseases, 202 \200\2233 functions, 333 seizures, 351 oral pigmentation, 203 orbital cellulitis, 368 orchitis, 710 organizing pneumonia, 198t Orl istat, 206f orofacial granulomatosis, occlusive ischemia, 468 octreotide, 246 odds ratio, 28 odds ratio, in retinopathy, 292t nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, 184 epidemiology, 28 nonspecific upper 390t odynophagia, 206 \200\2237 olanzapine, 323 oligoarthritis, 403t, 407t oliguria, 79, 113, 25 1, 449 onchocerciasis, 599 oncology, 420 \200\22336 respiratory tract infections (common cold), 561 nonsynthetase oropharyngeal candidiasis, 571t 820 orthomyxoviruses (SS RNA), 522t orthopnea. see dyspnea autoantibodies, 415t palpitations, 79, 80 palsy, 64 pamidronate, 308, 634 p-amino-salicylic acid, 556t Pancoast syndrome, 55, 173 pancreatic carcinoma, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 617, 632 orthostatic hypotension, 294, 312 oseltamivir, 161 Osler, William, 14 Osler-Weber-Rendu parvovirus infection, 282, 522t, 544t Pasteurella multocida, 520t Pasteurella multocida, 583 Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome, 207 p athogens, 520t \200\223521t pathophysiology, 27 patients, difficult, 18 Pauci-immune syndrome, 203, 217, 620 osteoarthritis, 43, 100, 203, 205, 306, 399, 408 244 \200\2235, 247t, 426t, 428, 502, 503t pancreatic ductal osteodystrophy, 272, 282 osteogenesis imperfecta, adenocarcinoma, 502 pancreatic insufficiency, 167 pancreatic islet cell tumors, 139, 305 osteomalacia, 308 \200\2239 osteonecrosis of the jaw, 310 pancreatic tumors, 304t pancreatitis, 74, 84, 233, glomerulonephritis, 265 307t osteoporosis, 275, 305 \200\2236, 277, 487 \200\2238 Paul-Mikulicz colostomy, 307t, 401 ostomy, 440t otitis media, 65t outcome measures, in pancytopenia, 632 panhypopituitarism, 436 Pantoea agglomerans, 520t Papanicolaou smear, 35t papillary muscle 462 peak expiratory flow (PEF), 155, 157f pediatric chronic arthritis, experimental studies, 33, 34t 407t dysfunction, 113 papillary necrosis, 258 papilledema (swollen disks), pediculosis pubis, 576 pegvisomant, 325 pellagra, 245 pelvic inflammatory disease, 516 ovarian cancer, 80, 425t ovarian cysts, 80 ovarian disorders, 517 overdiagnosis bias, 35 ov erdiagnosis bias, in screening, 35 65t, 346t Pappenheimer bodies, 612 papular rash, 515, 575 \200\2236 paracentesis, 32, 228, 723 \200 \2234 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, pelvis bones, evaluation, 698 MRI, 710 pain, 80 pelvic masses, 70, 214t penicillamine, 184, 233, overt diabetic nephropathy, 292t 595 oxacillin, 143t, 400, 530t oxalate stones, 281 oxcarbazepine, 347, 381 oxybutynin, 647 oxyc odone, 432t paragangliomas, 315 paragonimiasis, 76 Paragonimus westermani, 266, 283 601 \200\2232 paramyxoviruses penicillin-allergic patients, 445 (SS RNA), 522t paraneoplastic syndromes, penicillins, 137, 143t, 167t, P pacemakers, 127, 128t, 294, 276, 278t, 529t \200\223530t 388t paraphimosis, 80 paraproteinemia, 587, pentamidine, 278t peptic ulcer, 74, 217, 452, 732, 733f Paget \200\231s disease, 42, 63t, 129, 470 306, 357 635, 678 peptic ulceration, 208 \200\2239 percussive pain, 80 percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCA ), 749 pagophagia, 610 pain control, surgery, paraquat overdose, 186t parasitic infections, 519t parastomal hernia, 463t parathyroid scan , 707 paratyphoid fever, 585 parenchymal hemoptysis, 452, 453t pain-controlled analgesia, 452 percutaneous needle biopsy, 158 palindromic rheumatoid arthritis, 404 percutaneous 76 palliative care nephrostomy, 255 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 118 paresthesias, 381 parietal lobe functions, 333 parkinsonism, 335 Parkinson \200\231s diseas e (PD), 42, 358, 382 \200\2233, 382 \200\2234 considerations, 22 \200\2233 pallidotomy, 384 pallor, 79 palmar erythema, 59, 79 Palmar erythema (in hands), 43 palpable femoral pulse, 48 821 perianal ulcers, 576 pericardial diseases, 101, 102, 146 \200\2237, 148t paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, 617 pericardial effusion, 147, Physicians \200\231 Desk Reference 279, 379, 388t, 416, 417t, 542 polyarthritis, 407t polychondritis, 410, 413 polychromasia, 612 polycystic kidneys, 133, 251, 302 (PDR), 12 pigeon chest (pectus pericardiocentesis, 147, 431, 730 \200\2231, 756 carinatum), 71 pigeon fancier \200\231s lung, 194, pericarditis, 117, 146t, 148t, 166, 271, 750 periodontal disease, 202 peripheral arterial disease 198t pilonidal sinus/cyst, 492 pink puffers, 179 pioglitazone, 290t piperacillin/tazobactam, 536 t, 539t, 582 pitting (of nails), 43t pitting edema, 74 pituitary adenomas, 304t, 310, 320 \200\2231, 324 pituitary apoplexy, 320t pituitary dysfunction, 192 placental alkaline 258, 279 polycystic ovary syndrome (PAD), 45 peripheral blood movie, (PCOS), 316, 317 \200\22318 polycythemia, 186 polycythemia rubra vera, 611 \200\22312 peripheral cyanosis, 55, 633 73, 129 polycythemia vera, 43 polydipsia, 76, 277, 325 polyethylene glycol, 213, peripheral eosinophilia, 269 peripheral facial nerve palsy, 390t peripheral nerves, 339t \200\223342t 222 polygenic hypercholesterolemia, 110t peripheral neuropathy, 271, phosphatase, 680 281, 293 \200\2234 peripheral stem-cell plague, 519t, 582 plaque biology, 111 plasma biochemistry, 657t plasma enzymes, 679 \200 \22380 plasma proteins, 678 \200\2239 platelet disorders, 620 Plesiomonas shigelloides, polymicrobial cellulitis, 294 polymyalgia rheumatica, transplantation, 630 peripheral vascular disease, 417, 542 polymyositis, 413 \200\22314 polyneuropathies, 387 \200\2239 polyoma viruses (doub le- stranded DNA), 521t 133, 294 peripheral vasodilatation, 185 peritoneal dialysis, 274 peritonitis, 74 periungual fibromas, 281 pernicious anemia, 232, 520t polypharmacy, geriatric medicine, 648 polyps, colorectal, 500 polyuria, 80, 251, 277, 325 \200\2236 porphyria, 214t porphyria cutanea tarda, 682 porphyrias, 682 portal hypertension, 217, 219 \200\22320, 235, 244 portal vein thrombosis, 220 portal venous air, 698 positive abdominojugular reflux sign, 45, 47 pleural biopsy, 191 pleural effusion, 165, 168, 190 \200\2231, 191t, 271 614 \200\22315 Plummer-Vinson persistent nephrotic syndrome, 267 Peutz-Jegher \200\231s syndrome, 203, 217, 500, 517, 769 syndrome, 207 pneumatosis coli, 698 Pneumococcal pneumonia, 164 P. falciparum malaria, 549 phenothiazines, 214t, 379 phenoxybenzamine, 316, pneumococcal septicemia, 637 pneumococcal vaccine, 647 161, 540t pneumoconiosis, 198t Pneumocystis jiroveci, 163t, phentermine, 138 phentolamine, 316 phenylpropanolamine, 647 phenytoin, 203, 216t, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 185 positron emission 570t tomography (PET), 107, 152, 315t, 707 \200\2238 pneumonia, 76, 160 \200\2235, 381, 639 169, 173, 184 \200\2235, 189, 194, 198t pheochromocytoma, 90, 304t, 310, 315 \200\22316, 784 postcricoid webs, 610 posterior cruciate ligament pneumonic plague, 582 pneumoperitoneum, 698 pneumothorax, 167, 168, 179, 189 \200\22390, 46 5, 692 phimosis, 80 phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 294 (PCL), 716 postherpetic neuralgia, 74 \200\2235 postoperative care, 464 \200\2236 postprandial hypogly cemia, photophobia, 372 photosensitivity, 399 physical examination poikilocytosis, 612 poisoning, 787 \200\22391, 788t poliomyelitis, 65t, 186, 523t, 296 \200\2237 poststreptococcal reactive 822 components, 42 \200\2233 physical restraints, on arthritis, 399 525, 563 polyarteritis nodosa postural hypertension, 44 postural hypotension, 80 violent patients, 17 (PAN), 133, 177, 193t, pregnancy-induced HTN with proteinuria, 278 propofol sedation, 229 propranolol, 21, 83, 112, 220, 301, 352, 463, 504, 791 potassium restriction, 272 practical procedures prehepatic jaundice, 215, 252 preoperative evaluation, cardioversion, 112, 116, 121, 123, 361, 731 catheterizing bladders, 440 \200\2231 propylthiouracil, 301t prostate cancer, 426t, preoperative medical 720 \200\2231 assessment, 442 \200\2233 428 \200\2239 central venous catheter cannulation, 721 \200\2232, 733f preoperative tests, 441 \200\2232 preproliferative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 422, 681t retinopathy, 292t prostatism, 80 prostatitis, 252, 257, 258, chest tube insertion, presbycusis, 357 prevalence, in 725 \200\2237 578 cricothyroidotomy, epidemiology, 28 primaquine, 551t, 552t primary adrenal prosthetic heart valves, 624 prosthetic valve 729 \200\22330 de \201 brillation, 680, 731, endocarditis, 539t protease inhibitors (PIs), 737, 758 insufficiency, 295 primary amyloidosis, 282, IV catheter placement, 656, 720, 735, 736t lumbar puncture, 348, 543, 727 \200\2238, 729f n asogastric tube 573 635 \200\2236 proteinuria, 251, 252, 261, primary biliary cirrhosis, 193t, 224, 234 \200\2235, 248 primary ciliary dyskinesis, 265, 266, 272, 282, 399, 678 \200\2239 Proteus, 282 proton-pump inhibitors, insertion, 448, 659, 663, 719, 788 168 primary headache, 345 primary 208 paracentesis, 32, 228, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) swelling, 43 proximal muscle weakness, 723 \200\2234 hyperaldosteronism, 313 \200\22314, 664t pericardiocentesis, 147, 431, 730 \200\2231, 756 suturing, 389, 718 \200\22319 temporary cardiac primary hyperlipidemias, 298 109, 110t proximal myopathy, 271 pruritus, 234, 301t pseudobulbar palsy, 66 pseudogout, 409 pseudomem branous colitis, primary hyperoxaluria, 281 primary hypothyroidism, pacemaker insertion, 732, 733f 285, 297t thoracentesis, 153, 461, primary liver tumors, 237t primary myelofibrosis, 634 primary sclerosing cholangitis, 235 P rinzmetal \200\231s angina, 117 procainamide, 411 procidentia (rectal 724 \200\2235 pramlintide, 290t prazosin, 647 precirrhotic liver, 233 precordium, 45, 129 p rediabetes, 289 predictable adverse 210t Pseudomonas, 160, 163t, 164, 461, 520t, 582 pseudotumor cerebri, 346t pseudoxanthoma elasti cum, 138 psittacosis, 144, 165 psoriaform rashes, 403t psoriasis, 398 psoriatic arthritis, 43t, prolapse), 75, 214t, 490, 598 reactions, to drugs, 12 prednisolone, 230, 240, 390, 435, 592 progressive hypoxemia, 185 progressive prednisone, 232, 239, 275, 313, 391, 411, 639, 761 prednisone-hyperglycemia, leukoencephalopathy, 374, 377 399, 407t psychiatry, 17, 68 \200\2239 ptosis, 64, 80 \200\2231, 173 PubMed online resource , progressive massive fibrosis 275 (PMF), 196 progressive systemic sclerosis, 184 proguanil, 525, 551t prolactin-secreting pit uitary adenomas, 320t, 323 \200\2234 preeclampsia, 62, 278 pregabalin, 294, 380, 408 pregnancy, 307t 27 pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, 184 pulmonary angiography, 152 pulmonary edema, 113, 176, fatty liver of, 224 gingivitis in, 203 Palmar erythema and, 43 preeclampsia, 62, 278 prolac tin-secreting 465, 692 proliferative retinopathy, 823 pulmonary embolism, 55, 292t 71, 90, 117, 188 \200\2239, 465, 768 \200\2239, 769t pituitary adenomas, 324 promyelocytes, 611 propantheline, 647 radioactive iodine ablation, regurgitation, gastric and esophageal, 82 Reiter \200\231s syndrome, 578 relapsing fever, 5 88 relapsing polychondritis, pulmonary fibrosis, 186 pulmonary histiocytosis, 301t radiography, 188, 689 \200\22390 radiolabeled red blood cell 185 pulmonary hypertension, scans, 707 129, 138, 180, 186, 195 pulmonary lymphangioleio- myomatosis, 184 pulmonary medicine, radiologic stenting, 235 radiology, 684 \200\223716 radionuclide imaging, 255 radionuclide scanning, 152, 410, 413 relaxation techniques, 431 renal arteriography, 255 renal artery stenosis, 710 renal biopsy , 256t renal calculi, 258 \200\2239, 260t, 150 \200\223201 255, 706 \200\2237 pulmonary nodules, 692 pulmonary regurgitation, radionuclide ventriculography, 706 277 140 radiotherapy, 435 \200\2236 raised intracranial pressure, renal cell carcinoma, 710 renal computed pulmonary stenosis, 45, 140, 146t pulmonary vascular congestion, 272 pulsatile tinnitus, 357 pulse, assessment, 48, 49f, 778, 779t raloxifene, 307t raltegravir, 574 raltegravir + tenofovir/ emtricitabine, 572 tomography, 710 renal disease, 133, 368 renal Doppler, 710 renal dysfunction post- transplantation, 256t 49t, 50f pulse pressure, 44 pulsus alternans, 48, 49f, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 65t, 356, 390t randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 27, 32 renal failure, 281, 388t renal hyperperfusion, 282 renal hypoperfusion, 268 renal infarctio n, 251 renal insufficiency, 452 renal medicine, 250 \200\22383 renal nuclear scans, 710 ren al phakomatoses, 281 renal replacement therapy, 50f, 129 pulsus bisferiens, 48 pulsus paradoxus, 48 pulsus parvus et tardus, 48 pupillary a bnormalities, rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis (RPGN), 265 rasburicase, 430 rashes, 399, 412t, 413, 515, 81 \200\2232 purulent cellulitis, 537t pyelonephritis, 252, 257, 698 pyrazinamide, 216t, 556t pyruvate k inase deficiency, 575 \200\2236 274 \200\2235 renal scan, 707 renal stones, 192, 283, 381 renal transplantation, 258, 275t \200\223276t, 412t renal tubular acidosis type Raynaud phenomenon, 43t, 203, 399, 412 reactive arthritis, 398, 399 reactive hypoglycemia, 297 reactive lymphadenopathy, 617 Q Q fever, 519t, 589 Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY), 14 \200\22315 2, 280 79 renal tubular disease, 76, rebound abdominal pain, 82 280 \200\2231 questions asked of patients, renal ultrasound, 710 renal vein metastases, 244 renal vein thrombosis, rebound headache, 346t, 5 \200\2236 quinidine, 550 quinidine gluconate, 551t quinine sulfate, 551t quinolones, 257, 533, 533t, 349 rectal bleeding, 82 rectal cancer, 80 rectal prolapse 267, 710 renin-secreting tumor, 664t (procidentia), 75, 214t, 490, 598 recurrent HSV, 559 recurrent pneumonia, 173 recurrent pol yserositis, 542 red kidney bean poisoning, 556t, 582 renovascular disease, 279 renovascular HTN, 664t respiratory acidosis, 663 respiratory alka losis, 663 respiratory bronchiolitis, R rabies, 523t, 525, 578 \200\2239 radial nerve, 339f radiation enteritis, 248 radiation ex posure, 686 radiation-induced lung fibrosis, 630 radiation nephritis, 277 radiation procedu res, 185 543t respiratory failure, 165, Reed-Sternberg cell, 560 reflexes, 63t reflex tachycardia, 135 reflux esophagitis, 206 refr actory anemia, 610 Refsum \200\231s syndrome, 388t 186 \200\2237 respiratory quinolones, 824 537t, 538t respiratory system, examination, 54 \200\2237 222 \200\2234 risk-ratio, 28 risk ratio, in epidemiology, screening for cancer, respiratory tract- 426, 427 scrub typhus, 590 scurvy, 245 secondary amyloidosis, 282, 283, 636 secondary heada che, 345 secondary predominant infections, 519t resting tremor, 335 restless leg syndrome, 610 restrictive car diomyopathy, 28 risperidone, 323 ritonavir-boosted atazanavir + tenofovir/ emtricitabine, 572 145, 145t, 146t reticulocytes, 612 retinal degeneration, 281 retinitis pigmentosa, 281 retinoblastoma, 425t retrograde pyelography, ritonavir-boosted hemochromatosis, 231 darunavir + tenofovir/ emtricitabine, 572 secondary rituximab, 406t, 412 Rockall risk score, 217, 218t Rocky Mountain spotted hyperaldosteronism, 664t 255 secondary hyperlipidemias, retroperitoneal fibrosis, 261 retroviruses, 522t reversible cerebral fever, 590 rosiglitazone, 290t rotaviruses, 523t, 524, 544t Rotor \200\231s syndrome, 215 R ouleaux formation, 612 Roux-en-Y choledochoje- junostomy, 486 109 secondary hyperoxaluria, 281 vasoconstriction (RCVS), 364 secondary hypertension, 133, 278 review of systems (ROS), in patients, 38, 40 \200\2231 secondary liver tumors, 237t second degree Reye \200\231s syndrome, 452 rhabdomyolysis, 278t, 680 rheumatic fever, 137, 140, rubella, 523t rufinamide, 381 ruptured aortic aneurysm, arteriovenous (AV) block, 732 seizures, 62, 680 seizures (epilepsy), 378 \200\22380 selecti ve estrogen receptor 146t, 636 74 rheumatic mitral stenosis, 138 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 43t, 183, 190, 198t, 282, 305, 390, 398, 404 \200\2235, 406t \200\223407t, 542, 636, 637 S saccular aneurysm, 364 salicylate poisoning, 791 salmeterol, 177, 178t, 182t salmon calci tonin, 307t Salmonella spp., 519t, 520t, modulator (SERM), 307t selective -opioid receptor antagonists, 213 selective serotonin rheumatoid nodules, 146t rheumatological diseases, reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 648 sensory deficits, 333 sensory neuropathy, 387 sentinel hea dache, 365 S. epidermidis, 520t sepsis, 186t, 268, 295, 539t, 524, 546t salpingitis, 578 salt-losing nephropathy, 282 rheumatology, 398 \200\223419 rhinoviruses, 522t Rickettsial infections, 261 saquinavir, 573 sarcoidosis, 55, 77, 146t, 183, 189, 192, 198t, 276, 277, 283, 376, 399 589 \200\22390 rifabutin, 556t rifampin, 216t, 276, 535t, 745, 747t septic arthritis, 400 septicemia, 166, 282, 637 septicemic shock, 449 septic jugu lar vein 556t, 639 Rift Valley virus, 523t right-heart valve disease, saxagliptin, 290t scabies, 78, 575 \200\2236 scarring-renovascular disease, 272 schistocyte s, 612 schistosomiasis, 193t, 252, 140 thrombosis, 368 sequestration/hepatic crises, 618 right iliac fossa masses, 70 right iliac fossa pain, 82 right upper quadrant pain, 264, 282, 601 sciatic nerves, 341f sclerodactyly, 203 scleroderma renal crisis, 279 scolios is, 71 scombrotoxin ingestion, SERM (selective estrogen 82, 235, 618 right ventricular failure (RVF), 116 \200\22317, 128 right ventricular infarct ion, receptor modulator), 307t seronegative arthritis, 636 750 rigors, 76, 82 rilpivirine, 574 risedronate, 307t, 308 825 serotonergic agonists, 352 Serratia marcescens 543t screening, in epidemiology, Shigella spp, 520t 34 \200\2235 small bowel follow- serum creatine, 250 serum free light chains, 679 serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, 6 79 serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, 679 17-hydroxyprogesterone, splenectomy, 637 splenic infarction, 618 splenic vein thrombosis, 244 splenomegaly, 59, 70, 82, 192, 312, 634 splinter hemorrhages (of nails), 43t through, 223 small bowel resection, 248 small cell carcinoma, 173 small cell lung carcinoma, 310, 388t small intestinal disease, 258 smallpox, 519t smoke inhalation, 795t smooth muscle antibodie s 317t spondyloarthritis, 399, 402 \200\2233 spondylolisthesis, 401 spontaneous bacterial severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS- COV), 519t (SMA), 414t sodium control, 667, 668 \200\2239. See also hypernatremia; hyponatremia peritonitis, 228 spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), 346t severe pulmonary edema, 754 sporotrichosis, 594 sputum, 54 squamous cell carcinoma, sexually transmitted sodium polystyrene infections, 519t, 574 \200\2237 sulfonate, 270 shagreen patch, 281 Shigatoxin-associated HUS, 279 soft tissues, evaluation, 698 solifenacin, 647 somatostatin analogs, 173 stable angina, 117 Staphylococci spp., 141, 143t, 164, 282, 461, 579 Shigatoxin-producing E. 246, 325 somatropin, 348 sotalol, 116 space-occupying lesions, in the brain, 393, 394t coli, 519t statin myopathy, 414 statins, 109, 111, 216t, Shigella spp., 524, 544t, 546t shunt nephritis, 264 sibutramine, 206f sickle-cell anemia, 6 17 \200\22319 sickle-cell disease, 77, 280 sick sinus syndrome, 119 sideroblastic anemia, 6 09 sigmoidoscopy, 426 sigmoid sinus thrombosis, 289, 680 status epilepticus, 354t, 382, 774, 775t spastic dysarthria, 66 speckled pancreatic