mediastinal anatomy 332 mediastinal \201 brosis 337 mediastinal lymph node obstruction 300, 300 symptoms and signs 282 WHO histological pneumoniae 421 antibiotic treatment 433 stations 751 mediastinitis 337 mediastinoscopy 286 mediastinotomy 286 melioidosis 460 menth ol 14 meropenem 433 mesothelioma 51, 114 mycoses, endemic classi \201 cation 281 lung function tests 827 lung metastases 823 lung transplant 317, 18 0, blastomycosis 482 coccidioidomycosis 483 histoplasmosis 33, 480 paracoccidioidomycosis 218, 266 complications 483 myotonic dystrophy 93 acute rejection 328 airway 326 chronic rejection 328 disease recurrence 329 drug-related 32 7 early graft biopsy 115 clinical course 117 clinical features 114 de \201 nition 114 differential diagn osis 114 histological narcolepsy 87 nasopharyngeal airway 742 nebulizers 684 nedocromil sodium inhaler 686 negati ve pressure ventilators 694 dysfunction 326 subtypes 115 investigations 114 palliative care 714 peritoneal 117 staging 115 treatment 11 6 infection 326 malignancy 329 neuromuscular contraindications 319 follow-up 324 indications 318 investigations 322 outcomes 324 patient selection 318 routine surgery after 324 sarcoidosis 547 surgical approaches 322 timing of referral 320 underlying conditions 318 weakness 700 neurosarcoma 334 nicotine replacement therapy 732 metabolic acidosis 798 metabolic alkalosis 798 methacholine challenge Nijmegen hyperventilation score 258 nitric oxide 105 nitrofurantoin, pulmonary testing 769 methaemoglobin 607 methotrexate 676, 680 toxicity 599 nitrogen dioxide toxicity 604 nocardiosis 452 nocturnal hypoventilation pulmonary toxicity 598 sarcoidosis 547 side effects 186 methyl isocyanate toxicity 603 lung volume 828, 835 lung volume reduction see central sleep apnoea surgery 180 lupus pernio 556 lupus pneumonitis 190 lymphadenopathy 35 lymphangioleio microscopic polyangiitis non-invasive ventilation 27, 651, 656 693, 178 mineral oil toxicity 604 mometasone 132 motor neuron disease 93 moxi \202 oxacin 431 MRC d yspnoea scale 169 MRSA 212 mucolytics 173 mucous gland acute respiratory failure 698 chronic respiratory failure 700 myomatosis 624 diagnosis and contraindications 697 COPD 701 cystic \201 brosis 701 indications 696 sleep apnoea 701 management 626 lymphangitis carcinomatosis 283 computed hyperplasia 166 Murray lung injury score 102 tomography 825 see also continuous positive pressure ventilation troubleshooting 699 non-speci \201 c int erstitial pneumonitis 268 lymphoid interstitial pneumonia 278 lymphoma 196, 336 myasthenia gravis 93 Eaton-Lambert syndrome 93 MacLeod \200\231s syndrome 343 macrolide antibiotics 155 magnesium sulfate 130 Mallampati i ndex 591 mycetoma 474 mycobacterial computed infections 487 tomography 822 INDEX 853 clinical features 346 coronary artery bypass pleuritic 715 palliative care 713 anxiety 718, 720 brain metastases 718 cough 718, 721 dysp noea 716 \200\22317, 720 hypoxia 720 lung cancer and non-tuberculous mycobacteria 220, 518 graft 361 management 520 diagnostic algorithm 48 differential diagnosis 51 exudative 50 HIV patients 83 imaging 346 malignant 348 obesity 93, 590 obstructive sleep apnoea 568, 579 alternative diagnosis 574 Cheyne-Stokes mesothelioma 714 non-malignant respiratory management 350 palliative care 718 pleural thickening 348 pulmonary embolism 360 rheumatoid arthritis 188 rheumatoid arthritis- associated 360 ventilation 575 in children 578 clinical features 570 continuous positive airway disease 720 pleural effusion 718 poor appetite 718 panbronchiolitis diffuse 162 Japanese 162 pressure 574 \200\2235 de \201 nition and epidemiology 582 transudative 49 tuberculous 358 pancreatic enzymes 222 pancreatitis 51, 222, 248 paracoccidioidomycosis driving advice 576 future developments 580 management 572 overlap syndrome 581 pathophysiol ogy 582 sleep studies 571, 572, 572 pleural \202 uid amylase 55 analysis 52, 54 appearance 53 aspiration 114 differential cell count 53 pH 54 tr iglyceride and 483 paragonimiasis 527 parapneumonic effusion 51, 352 occupational asthma 142 bacteriology 354 investigations 354 management 356 causes 143 diagnosis 142 management 144 risk factors 142 cholesterol 54 pleural plaques 110 pleurisy 196 pleuritic chest pain 8 pleuritis 188 pleuro desis 775, 351 chemical 379, 776 dif \201 culties in 357 outcome 357 oesophageal rupture 51 o \202 oxacin 509 omalizumub 134 opiates 716 cough 14 paraquat poisoning 600 parasitic infection 523 see also individual infections parenchymal amyloid 614 PAR (patient at risk) scoring oral allergy syndrome 125 organizing pneumonia pleuroperitoneal shunts 354 system 691 188, 192 computed pneumoconioses 363 PAS 509 peak \202 ow measurements berylliosis 370 causative mineral dusts 364 \200\2235 coal-workers \200\231 366 silicosis 3 68 SWORD 365 tomography 816 radiation-induced 602 oropharyngeal airway 742 orthopnoea 4 Osler-Weber-Rend u syndrome see hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia osteoporosis 223 overlap syndromes 19 4 oxygen 703, 172, 178, 377 126, 830, 832 reference ranges 836 penicillamine pulmonary toxicity 599 side effects 186 Pneumocystis jiroveci 476 pneumocystis pneumonia peri-operative complications, risk factors 66 diagnosis 476 treatment 478 peripheral nerve sheath pneumonia tumors 334 acute eosinophilic 232 acute interstitial 272 aspiration see aspiration acute therapy 704 home therapy 706, 710 long-term therapy 706 portable supply 711 practical issues 710 pulmonary toxicity peritoneal mesothelioma 117 pharyngitis, acute 646 pholcodine 14 phosgene toxicity 604 phosphodiestera se pneumonia candidal 485 chronic eosinophilic 232 community-acquired see community-acquired pneumonia 599 inhibitors 138, 395 photodynamic therapy 755 piperacillin 433 pleural biopsy see lung suppliers 711 oxygen alert card 705, 705 ozone toxicity 604 PaCO2 92 pain cryptogenic organizing 270 cytomegalovirus 535 desquamative biopsy pleural effusion 45, 345, bone metastases 715 breakthrough 715 neuropathic 715 palliative care 714 35, 73 interstitial 276 eosinophilic, computed tomography 816 asbestos-related 110 clinical assessment 46 854 INDEX chronic obstructive pneumonia (cont.) management 59 pulmonary disease 168 hospital-acquired see hospital-acquired pneumonia post-polio syndrome 584 Pott \200\231s disease 491 pregnancy pulmonary hypertension 385, 190, 195 chronic idiopathic interstitial 259 invasive aspergillus 466 lymphoid interstitial 278 non-speci \201 c asthma in 140 dyspnoea 61 normal physiological thromboembolic 398 classi \201 cation 387, 386 \200\2237 idiopathic 321, 388 changes 62 clinical features 390 disease-targeted therapy 394 end of life care 396 management 392 surg ical treatments 376 interstitial 268 pulmonary embolism 414 tuberculosis 502 organizing see organizing pneumonia pneumocystis see pneumocystis pneumonia usual interstitial 31 varicella 537 venti lator-acquired 440 viral 530 pneumonitis pre-operative assessment 65 primary ciliary dyskinesia 628 progressive systemic sclerosis 27 non-idiopathic causes 398 management 400 pulmonary nodules 188, prostacyclin analogs 394 prothionamide 509 pseudochylothorax 54 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 312, 314 pulmonary oedema cardiogenic 31 computed chemical 444 hypersensitivity see hypersensitivity pneumonitis 155, 208, 210 antibiotic treatment 433 pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 630 clinical features 631 diagnosis and tomography 825 re-expansion 383 lupus 190 non-speci \201 c pulmonary sepsis 208 \200\2239 antibiotics 210, 212 interstitial 268, 822 pneumothorax 373, 220 treatment 632 epidemiology 630 histology 630 pathophysiology 612 pulmonary arteriovenous ma lformations 634 pulmonary thromboembolic disease see pulmonary embolism aspiration 779 catamenial 383 causes and pyrazinamide 494, 496, 498 interactions 499 pathophysiology 374 clinical features 374 cystic \201 brosis 383 de \201 nition 374 epidemiology 374 in HIV 383 iatrogenic 382 investigations 375 management initial 376 out-patient follow-up 378 surg ical 378 prognosis 375 subcutaneous etiology 634 clinical features 635 complications 636 diagnosis 634 management 636 shunt qua nti \201 cation 635 Q fever 421 radiation exposure 841 radiation pneumonitis 601 radio-frequency ablation 298 pulmonary embolism radiological 402, 51 investigations 841 etiology 404 clinical features 406 de \201 nition 402 diagnosis 408 economy class radiotherapy mesothelioma 116 and pleural effusion 51 RAST tests 768 recurrent respiratory papillomatosis 637 syndrome 405 epidemiology 402 \202 ight prophylaxis 415 inherited (surgical) 383 tension 382 traumatic 382 treatment reduced earning allowance 673 rehabilitation 723 thrombophilias 405 algorithms 380 \200\2231 polyarteritis nodosa 651, 662 polymyositis 192 diagnosis 193 port- a-cath 214 portal hypertension 223, aims of 724 assessment 726 outcome investigations 410 \200\22311 malignancy risk 405 management 412, 412 oral contraceptive pi ll 415 pathophysiology 402 pleural effusion 360 pregnancy 414 systemic lupus assessment 726 \200\2237 patient selection 724 program 726 389, 399 portopulmonary renal failure 504 respiratory bronchiolitis- associated interstitial lung disease 274 respi ratory infection hypertension 246 erythematosus 190 positive pressure ventilators 694 post-nasal drip 18 post-operative dyspnoea 57 pulmonary eosinophilia 32 pulmonary \201 brosis 188, bacterial 419 fungal 465 mycobacterial 487 192, 194 pulmonary function tests 36, 96 causes 59, 58 investigations 58 INDEX 855 strongyloidiasis 525 sulphasalazine, pulmonary severe disablement allowance 672 parasitic 523 viral 526 toxicity 599 shrinking lung respiratory muscle function 834 sulfur dioxide toxicity 606 superior vena caval obstruction 300 management 302 syndrome 190 Shy-Drager syndrome 574 sickle cell disease 561 respiratory sedation 173 respiratory syncytial acute chest syndrome virus 538 syndrome of inappropriate 565, 564 rheumatoid arthritis 27, 31, ADH 282, 306 chronic lung disease 566 pulmonary 51, 188 syringobulbia 92 systemic lupus bronchiectasis 188 Caplan \200\231s syndrome 189 crycoarytenoid arthritis 189 complications 562 erythematosus 27, 51, 190 acute lupus silica 364 silicosis 368 sinusitis 18, 644 sitaxentan 395 Sj gren \200\231s syndrome 196 s kin prick tests 768 sleep apnoea 85 organizing pneumonia 188 pleural effusion 188, 360 pleuritis 188 pulmonary \201 brosis 18 8 pulmonary nodules 188 vasculitis 189 pneumonitis 190 alveolar hemorrhage 190 atelectasis 190 classi \201 cation 191 drug-induced 191 pleural di sease 190 pulmonary emboli 190 pulmonary central see central sleep apnoea clinical tests 88 diagnosis 87 examination and rhinitis 18 acute 640 rifabutin 509 rifampicin 494, 496, 498 adverse reactions 506 interactions 499 hypertension 190 shrinking lung investigations 88 syndrome 190 history 86 obstructive see systemic sclerosis 194 ro \202 umilast 173 obstructive sleep apnoea Takayasu arteritis 651, 662 talc, pulmonary toxicity 599 salbutamol 130 inhaler 686 sleep studies 571, 572, 572, 588 salmeterol inhaler 686 sarcoidosis 31, 51, 547 tension pneumothorax 382 terbutaline 133 tetracycline 433 Thermoactinomycetes 32 thiacetazo ne 509 thoracentesis 781, 46, 48 smoke injury 604 smoking cessation 729, etiology 548 chest disease 550, 552 computed 133, 170 aims of 730 nicotine replacement therapy 731 tomography 819, 823 de \201 nition 548 extra-thoracic diagnostic 782 therapeutic 783 non-nicotine replacement therapy 732 disease 556, 558 immunosuppressants thoracoscopy 785, 287, 351 contraindications 786 indications 786 risks 786 sodium cromoglycate 148 inhaler 686 557 solid organ lung transplant 555 pathology 548 radiological transplantation 74 spinal cord thrombolysis 413 thymic cyst 334 thymoma 334 thyroid masses 335 tin oxide 364 tiotropium in haler 686 tobramycin 211, 433 tonsillitis 646 toxic agents 593 compression 308 \200\2239 spirometry 126, 830, 832 sputum examination 36, 69, classi \201 cation 550 treatment 554 schistosomiasis 526 schwannomas 334 scleroderma 389 scoliosis, REM sleep 81, 127 sputum, induced 769 Staphylococcus aureus 208, 210, 421 hypoventilation 579 see-saw breathing 640 seminoma 335 septic embolus 417 sequestration 343 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) clinical features 544 epidemiology 536 investigat ions 544 laboratory case statutory sick pay 672 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 208 see also individual agents Toxocara canis 526 tracheitis 647 tracheobronchial amyloid 614 steroids 76, 130, 218, 478, 676, 678 inhaled 172 oral 172, 264 and osteoporosis 678 steroid-sparing drugs 133 Streptoco ccus tracheobronchitis 647 tracheomalacia 343 tracheostomy 735 decannulation 736 indications 736 percutaneous vs surgical 736 pneumoniae 421 de \201 nition 542 pathophysiology 542 treatment 544 antibiotic treatment 433 streptomycin 496, 498, 509 856 INDEX tranexamic acid 475 transbronchial biopsy 750 transbronchial needle aspiration 286, 750 tra nsfusion-related acute ventilation-perfusion in pregnancy 502 pulmonary disease 490 risk factors 489 screening and contact scans 64 ventilator-acquired pneumonia 440 differential diagnosis 440 resistant organisms 441 tracing 514 lung injury 102 transudative pleural effusion 49 second-line ventilatory failure 91 chemotherapy 509 causes 92 clinical presentation 94 de \201 nition 92 history 96 investigations 96 manageme nt 96 pathophysiology 92 Vincent \200\231s angina 646 viral infection 529 see also individu al infections viral pneumonia 530 viral wheeze 342 vocal cord dysfunction 146 skin tests 493 tuberculous pleural effusion 358 tularaemia 458 tumor embolus 417 tree-in-bud appearance 826 trepopnoea 4 treprostinil 394 tropical pulmonary eosinophilia 23 0, 527 troponin 410 tuberculin skin test 492 tuberculosis 32, 40, 51 ulcerative colitis 248 upper airway diseases 639 acute obstruction 640 \200\2231 upper respiratory tract infections 644, 646 adverse drug uraemia, and pleural effusion 51 usual interstitial reactions 506 airplane transmission 514 annual risk 495 anti-TNFA pneumonitis 34, 818, 820 \200\2231 warfarin 412 Wegener \200\231s treatment 512 \200\22313 BCG vaccination 515 chemoprophylaxis 511 co-morbid disease 504 DOT therapy 496 drug resistance 506 \200\2237 epidemiology 488 extrapulmonary disease 491 granulomatosis 27, 651 \200\2232 vaccination BCG 515 in \202 uenza 173, 434, 532 pneumococcal 435 management 654 Wegener \200\231s sinusitis 26 weight converter 806 Weil \200\231s disease 4 62 welding fumes, toxicity varenicline 732 varicella pneumonia 537 vasculitides 662, 189, 192 classi \201 cation 650 \200\2231 small vessel 650 see also individual conditions ventilation 85 606 in-patient admission 500 investigations 492 latent infection 510 management 494, 496, 498 m eningitis 497 multi-drug resistant 508 pathophysiology 488 wheeze, viral 342 Young \200\231s syndrome 151 non-invasive see non- invasive ventilation TRACHEA Apical Apical APICAL CARINA AIN T M UPPER H RIG POSTERIOR UPPER DIVISION Posterior L E Anterior Posterior F T M Anterior AI SUPERIOR N U P P E R LING ANTERIOR ULA Superior Apical R Apical INFERIOR Lateral MIDDLE L O LATERAL BASAL W APICAL LOWER LATERAL BASAL APICAL LOWER E Inferior R Posterior Basal Anterior Basal MEDIAL BASAL ANTERIOR BASAL Medial ANTERIOR BASAL [WITH MEDIAL BRANCH] Lateral Basal Lateral Basal Posterior Basal POSTERIOR BASAL Anterior Basal POSTERIOR BASAL Lateral view left lung Lateral view right lung FEV1/VC Caucasian MALES courtesy of Vitalograph Prediction Nomogram B T P S Age (yrs) 20 MALES Height (cm) (inches) 190 FVC (liter) FEV1 (liter) 74 73 6 5 72 71 180 30 70 69 5 68 4 67 40 170 66 65 4 64 3 160 50 63 62 61 3 60 60 150 59 2 58 57 2 56 70 140