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Recommendations for participation in leisure time or competitive sports in athletes-patients with coronary artery disease: a position statement from the Sports Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Eur Heart J 2019; 40:13. Topic 986 Version 36.0 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/athletes-overview-of-sudden-cardiac-death-risk-and-sport-participation/print 24/28 7/6/23, 11:26 AM Athletes: Overview of sudden cardiac death risk and sport participation - UpToDate GRAPHICS Classification of sports based on peak static and dynamic components during competition This classification is based on peak static and dynamic components achieved during competition; however, higher values may be reached during training. The increasing dynamic component is defined in terms of the estimated percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO max) achieved and results in an increasing cardiac output. The 2 increasing static component is related to the estimated percentage of maximal voluntary contraction reached and results in an increasing blood pressure load. The lowest total cardiovascular demands (cardiac output and blood pressure) are shown in the palest color, with increasing dynamic load depicted by increasing blue intensity and increasing static load by increasing red intensity. Note the graded transition between categories, which should be individualized on the basis of player position and style of play. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/athletes-overview-of-sudden-cardiac-death-risk-and-sport-participation/print 25/28 7/6/23, 11:26 AM Athletes: Overview of sudden cardiac death risk and sport participation - UpToDate Danger of bodily collision (refer to UpToDate content regarding sports according to risk of impact and educational background). Increased risk if syncope occurs. Reproduced from: Levine BD, Baggish AL, Kovacs RJ. Eligibility and disquali cation recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: Task force 1: Classi cation of sports: Dynamic, static, and impact: A scienti c statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:2350. Illustration used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Graphic 105651 Version 9.0 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/athletes-overview-of-sudden-cardiac-death-risk-and-sport-participation/print 26/28 7/6/23, 11:26 AM Athletes: Overview of sudden cardiac death risk and sport participation - UpToDate 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) from a patient with the Brugada syndrome shows downsloping ST elevation ST segment elevation and T wave inversion in the right precordial leads V1 and V2 (arrows); the QRS is normal. The widened S wave in the left lateral leads (V5 and V6) that is characteristic of right bundle branch block is absent. Courtesy of Rory Childers, MD, University of Chicago. Graphic 64510 Version 10.0 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/athletes-overview-of-sudden-cardiac-death-risk-and-sport-participation/print 27/28 7/6/23, 11:26 AM Athletes: Overview of sudden cardiac death risk and sport participation - UpToDate Contributor Disclosures Antonio Pelliccia, MD No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose. Mark S Link, MD No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose. Peter J Zimetbaum, MD Consultant/Advisory Boards: Abbott Medical [Lead extraction]. All of the relevant financial relationships listed have been mitigated. Scott Manaker, MD, PhD Other Financial Interest: Expert witness in workers' compensation and in medical negligence matters [General pulmonary and critical care medicine]; National Board for Respiratory Care [Director]. All of the relevant financial relationships listed have been mitigated. Todd F Dardas, MD, MS No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose. Contributor disclosures are reviewed for conflicts of interest by the editorial group. When found, these are addressed by vetting through a multi-level review process, and through requirements for references to be provided to support the content. Appropriately referenced content is required of all authors and must conform to UpToDate standards of evidence. Conflict of interest policy https://www.uptodate.com/contents/athletes-overview-of-sudden-cardiac-death-risk-and-sport-participation/print 28/28