I think the fix worked so far, as the build goes further than before. Unfortunately, I encountered another error for which I could not find a fix:
Copying extension caffe2.python.caffe2_pybind11_state_gpu
Copying caffe2.python.caffe2_pybind11_state_gpu from torch\Lib\site-packages\caffe2\python\caffe2_pybind11_state_gpu.cp39-win_amd64.pyd to C:\Users\gooog\Downloads\Pytorch\pytorch-1.7.0\build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\caffe2\python\caffe2_pybind11_state_gpu.cp39-win_amd64.pyd
copying torch\Lib\site-packages\caffe2\python\caffe2_pybind11_state_gpu.cp39-win_amd64.pyd -> C:\Users\gooog\Downloads\Pytorch\pytorch-1.7.0\build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\caffe2\python
building 'torch._C' extension
creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.9
creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release
creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release\torch
creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release\torch\csrc
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29910\bin\HostX64\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\Users\gooog\anaconda3\envs\torchbase\include -IC:\Users\gooog\anaconda3\envs\torchbase\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29910\ATLMFC\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29910\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.19041.0\shared -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.19041.0\um -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.19041.0\winrt -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.19041.0\cppwinrt /Tctorch/csrc/stub.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release\torch/csrc/stub.obj /MD /EHsc /DNOMINMAX /wd4267 /wd4251 /wd4522 /wd4522 /wd4838 /wd4305 /wd4244 /wd4190 /wd4101 /wd4996 /wd4275
stub.c
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29910\bin\HostX64\x64\link.exe /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO /LIBPATH:C:\Users\gooog\Downloads\Pytorch\pytorch-1.7.0\torch\lib /LIBPATH:C:/Program Files/NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit/CUDA/v10.1/lib/x64 /LIBPATH:C:\Users\gooog\anaconda3\envs\torchbase\libs /LIBPATH:C:\Users\gooog\anaconda3\envs\torchbase\PCbuild\amd64 /LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29910\ATLMFC\lib\x64 /LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29910\lib\x64 /LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\x64 /LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.19041.0\um\x64 /LIBPATH:C:\Users\gooog\Downloads\mkl\lib torch_python.lib /EXPORT:PyInit__C build\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release\torch/csrc/stub.obj /OUT:build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\torch\_C.cp39-win_amd64.pyd /IMPLIB:build\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release\torch/csrc\_C.cp39-win_amd64.lib /NODEFAULTLIB:LIBCMT.LIB
LINK : fatal error LNK1181: Input file ".obj" cannot be opened.
error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.28.29910\\bin\\HostX64\\x64\\link.exe' failed with exit code 1181

I was not able to identify the relevant lines in the logs, so I send all 3:

Console Log 1
CMakeOutput.log
CMakeError.log

I would be really thankful if you could help me again, since I do not know what to try anymore.