I found https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.07285 82 metions about question 1 and 2.

Finally, so-called transposed convolutional layers (also known as fractionally
strided convolutional layers) have been employed in more and more work
as of late (Zeiler et al., 2011; Zeiler and Fergus, 2014; Long et al., 2015; Radford
et al., 2015; Visin et al., 2015; Im et al., 2016), and their relationship with
convolutional layers has been explained with various degrees of clarity.