I am writing a custom function with custom backward.
class Capsule(Function):                                                                                                                                                                                          
    '''                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    function for a single capsule projection layer                                                                                                                                                                
    '''                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    @staticmethod                                                                                                                                                                                                 
    def forward(ctx, input, weight):                                                                                                                                                                              
        sigma = (th.matmul(weight.transpose(1, 0), weight)).inverse()                                                                                                                                             
        Pl = th.matmul(weight, th.matmul(sigma, weight.transpose(1, 0)))                                                                                                                                          
        vl = th.matmul(Pl, input)                                                                                                                                                                                 
        output = vl.norm(dim=0)                                                                                                                                                                                   
        ctx.intermediate_results = Pl                                                                                                                                                                             
        ctx.save_for_backward(input, weight, sigma, output)                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
        return output                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
    @staticmethod                                                                                                                                                                                                 
    def backward(ctx, grad_output):                                                                                                                                                                               
        input, weight, sigma, output = ctx.saved_tensors                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
        Pl = ctx.intermediate_results                                                                                                                                                                             
        grad_input = grad_weight = grad_sigma = None                                                                                                                                                              
        Wl_inv = th.matmul(sigma, weight.transpose(1, 0)).transpose(1, 0)                                                                                                                                         
        grad = th.matmul(Pl, input)                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
        grad = grad / output                                                                                                                                                                                      
        grad_input = (grad_output *  grad)                                                                                                                                                                        
        print('b = {}'.format(grad_input))                                                                                                                                                                        
        I_ = (th.eye(Pl.shape[0], Pl.shape[1])).to(th.double)                                                                                                                                                     
        IPl = I_ - Pl                                                                                                                                                                                             
        xxt = th.matmul(input / output, input.transpose(1, 0))                                                                                                                                                    
        grad_weight = th.matmul(                                                                                                                                                                                  
            th.matmul(IPl, xxt),                                                                                                                                                                                  
            Wl_inv)                                                                                                                                                                                               
        grad_sigma = -0.5 * th.matmul(th.matmul(                                                                                                                                                                  
            th.matmul(sigma, weight.transpose(1, 0)), weight), sigma)                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
        return grad_input, grad_weight      

i = th.randn(100, 3, dtype=th.double, requires_grad=True)                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                 
w = th.randn(100, 8, dtype=th.double, requires_grad=True)                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
input = (i, w)                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
test = gradcheck(cap, input, eps=1e-4, atol=1e-4)                                                                                                                                  
print(test)                                    

When I try to gradcheck the implementation, the gradcheck fails with information as:
RuntimeError: Jacobian mismatch for output 0 with respect to input 1,
numerical:tensor([[ 0.0168, -0.1056, -0.0221],                                                                                                                                                                     
       [-0.0212,  0.0279, -0.0228],                                                                                                                                                                               
       [-0.0045,  0.0354,  0.0501],                                                                                                                                                                               
       …,                                                                                                                                                                                                       
       [-0.0010, -0.0099, -0.0074],                                                                                                                                                                               
       [-0.0107,  0.1135, -0.0110],                                                                                                                                                                               
       [ 0.0030,  0.0543, -0.0073]])                                                                                                                                                                              
analytical:tensor([[-0.1109, -0.1109, -0.1109],                                                                                                                                                                    
       [-0.0161, -0.0161, -0.0161],                                                                                                                                                                               
       [ 0.0809,  0.0809,  0.0809],                                                                                                                                                                               
       …,                                                                                                                                                                                                       
       [-0.0183, -0.0183, -0.0183],                                                                                                                                                                               
       [ 0.0918,  0.0918,  0.0918],                                                                                                                                                                               
       [ 0.0500,  0.0500,  0.0500]])           
However, when I print the grad_input manually in the backward function, the output is different from the analytical:tensor. In the output from the print function in the backward, the result seems to be reasonable, while in the fail information, the analytical:tensor is the same for the same dimension for all the 3 inputs.
So what is the output in the fail information, isn’t it the grad_input computed in the backward?