Hi Frank,  thank you very much for your detailed answer. In my use case I am trying to classify player action within a handball video. I want to know if the player performed a pass with some characteristics but as you said let’s talk about still images and take one image.
Let’s assume that I want to classify an image and want to know for each single image if:

contain a car / or not
which color has the car ( red/black/white/blue)
which type of car(Berline/4x4/SUV/Coupe)
is there a conductor within the car / or not

About the subclasses:
I thought about considering them as different  classes ( 13 in the example above). So it will be considered as a multilabel classification ( many classes could be activated at the same time). But I cannot have for example:

SUV and Berline as car type at the same time.
Or more than one color at the same time …

I hope I could explain well the use case.
Thanks a lot for your time.