Hi
I’m trying to profile my PyTorch Code. My issue is, that it takes up too much time to train the whole dataset  for one epoch,…
I went through the forums and had a look at the synchronization issue between cpu and gpu which I also think is the real bottleneck of my training… However, can it really be, that synchronization takes up most time… and is there a way to overcome this issue and speed it up? - Below you can see my code and I post my bottleneck.txt file which is the output of running my python script with: python -m torch.utils.bottleneck .train.py once without synchronization and once with torch.cuda.synchronize() before x,y = x.to(device), y.to(device)
Additionally, If I set BatchSize to 32 I already run out of Cuda memory, which seems a bit strange since I one Batch would roughly take (since 3234484484) ~ 77MB, or am I missing something?
I would really appreciate your help.
I’m using rgb images with size 448by448 loaded as torch tensors.
BatchSize of 16
I’m using the following Enwironment: with a NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 Super with 8GB VRAM
PyTorch 1.9.1 DEBUG compiled w/ CUDA 10.2
Running with Python 3.9 and CUDA 11.2.152
I use the WIDEFace Dataset

def train_fn(train_loader, model, optimizer, loss_fn, epoch, NUM_EPOCHS, device):
    loop = tqdm(train_loader)
    mean_loss = []
    for batch_idx, (x, y) in enumerate(loop):
        x, y = x.to(device), y.to(device)
        out = model(x)
        loss = loss_fn(out, y)
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

train_dataset = WiderFace(
        train_dir/"train_dataset.csv",
        img_dir=train_dir/"images",
        target_dir=train_dir/"targets",
        transform=transform,
    )
train_loader = DataLoader(
    dataset=train_dataset,
    batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
    num_workers=NUM_WORKERS,
    pin_memory=PIN_MEMORY,
    shuffle=True,
    drop_last=False, 
)

for epoch in range(Loaded_Epoch, NUM_EPOCHS):
        train_fn(train_loader, model, optimizer, loss_fn, epoch, NUM_EPOCHS, device)


and this is the mentioned bottleneck.txt file:
for batch_idx, (x, y) in enumerate(loop):
    x, y = x.to(device), y.cuda()
    out = model(x)

    loss = loss_fn(out, y)
    optimizer.zero_grad()
    loss.backward()
    optimizer.step()

PS C:\Users\myworkspace> python -m torch.utils.bottleneck .\train.py
`bottleneck` is a tool that can be used as an initial step for debugging
bottlenecks in your program.

It summarizes runs of your script with the Python profiler and PyTorch's
autograd profiler. Because your script will be profiled, please ensure that it
exits in a finite amount of time.

For more complicated uses of the profilers, please see
https://docs.python.org/3/library/profile.html and
https://pytorch.org/docs/master/autograd.html#profiler for more information.
Running environment analysis...
Running your script with cProfile
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 805/805 [02:37<00:00,  5.12it/s]
Running your script with the autograd profiler...
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 805/805 [02:36<00:00,  5.15it/s]
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 805/805 [02:52<00:00,  4.67it/s]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Environment Summary
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PyTorch 1.9.1 DEBUG compiled w/ CUDA 10.2
Running with Python 3.9 and CUDA 11.2.152

`pip3 list` truncated output:
numpy==1.20.3
torch==1.9.1
torchaudio==0.9.1
torchsummary==1.5.1
torchvision==0.10.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  cProfile output
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         4323004 function calls (4240663 primitive calls) in 159.331 seconds

   Ordered by: internal time
   List reduced from 4265 to 15 due to restriction <15>

   ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
      929  124.101    0.134  124.101    0.134 {method 'to' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
    49910    8.365    0.000    8.365    0.000 {method 'sqrt' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
      805    5.981    0.007    5.981    0.007 {method 'run_backward' of 'torch._C._EngineBase' objects}
        8    3.511    0.439    3.512    0.439 {method 'dump' of '_pickle.Pickler' objects}
    16100    3.055    0.000    3.055    0.000 {built-in method conv2d}
    99820    2.487    0.000    2.487    0.000 {method 'add_' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
    49910    1.484    0.000    1.484    0.000 {method 'addcdiv_' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
    99820    1.227    0.000    1.227    0.000 {method 'mul_' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
      805    1.174    0.001   15.302    0.019 C:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\lib\site-packages\torch\optim\_functional.py:54(adam)
     1610    0.826    0.001    1.043    0.001 .\utils\utils.py:67(intersection_over_union)
    16100    0.648    0.000    0.648    0.000 {built-in method batch_norm}
    49910    0.552    0.000    0.552    0.000 {method 'addcmul_' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
      805    0.515    0.001    2.058    0.003 .\loss.py:35(forward)
    16100    0.423    0.000    1.330    0.000 C:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\batchnorm.py:133(forward)
    49908    0.388    0.000    0.388    0.000 {method 'zero_' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  autograd profiler output (CPU mode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        top 15 events sorted by cpu_time_total

-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg    # of Calls
-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
                                            aten::slice        25.88%     768.665ms        25.88%     768.665ms     768.665ms             1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         0.08%       2.453ms        16.83%     499.711ms     499.711ms             1
                                             aten::sqrt        16.55%     491.380ms        16.55%     491.380ms     491.380ms             1
enumerate(DataLoader)#_MultiProcessingDataLoaderIter...        12.00%     356.295ms        12.00%     356.297ms     356.297ms             1
                                           aten::linear         0.00%      10.500us        11.42%     339.156ms     339.156ms             1
                                            aten::addmm         0.00%     118.700us        11.42%     339.136ms     339.136ms             1
                                           aten::expand        11.42%     339.010ms        11.42%     339.017ms     339.017ms             1
                 struct torch::autograd::AccumulateGrad         0.00%      12.400us        11.33%     336.566ms     336.566ms             1
                                             aten::add_        11.33%     336.554ms        11.33%     336.554ms     336.554ms             1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         8.34%     247.565ms         8.54%     253.622ms     253.622ms             1
                 struct torch::autograd::AccumulateGrad         0.00%      12.600us         7.55%     224.365ms     224.365ms             1
                                             aten::add_         7.55%     224.353ms         7.55%     224.353ms     224.353ms             1
                                               aten::to         0.00%      12.400us         6.85%     203.357ms     203.357ms             1
                                            aten::copy_         6.85%     203.336ms         6.85%     203.336ms     203.336ms             1
                                               aten::to         0.00%      15.000us         6.15%     182.690ms     182.690ms             1
-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
Self CPU time total: 2.970s

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  autograd profiler output (CUDA mode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        top 15 events sorted by cpu_time_total

        Because the autograd profiler uses the CUDA event API,
        the CUDA time column reports approximately max(cuda_time, cpu_time).
        Please ignore this output if your code does not use CUDA.

-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg
  # of Calls
-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
                                            aten::slice        26.84%     880.812ms        26.84%     880.813ms     880.813ms       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us
          1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         0.24%       7.926ms        20.70%     679.331ms     679.331ms       5.210ms         0.24%     552.289ms     552.289ms
          1
                                             aten::sqrt        16.48%     540.855ms        16.48%     540.855ms     540.855ms     540.856ms        24.42%     540.856ms     540.856ms
          1
                 struct torch::autograd::AccumulateGrad         0.00%      22.600us        12.36%     405.571ms     405.571ms      18.875us         0.00%     302.106ms     302.106ms
          1
                                             aten::add_        12.36%     405.548ms        12.36%     405.548ms     405.548ms     302.087ms        13.64%     302.087ms     302.087ms
          1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         8.31%     272.593ms        11.89%     390.295ms     390.295ms     254.762ms        11.50%     263.848ms     263.848ms
          1
                                           aten::linear         0.00%      20.400us        11.49%     377.110ms     377.110ms       8.219us         0.00%     336.345ms     336.345ms
          1
                                            aten::addmm         0.00%     131.700us        11.49%     377.078ms     377.078ms     336.337ms        15.19%     336.337ms     336.337ms
          1
                                           aten::expand        11.48%     376.939ms        11.48%     376.946ms     376.946ms       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us
          1
enumerate(DataLoader)#_MultiProcessingDataLoaderIter...        10.42%     342.066ms        10.42%     342.069ms     342.069ms     342.175ms        15.45%     342.175ms     342.175ms
          1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         0.75%      24.614ms         9.46%     310.651ms     310.651ms       3.558ms         0.16%     184.869ms     184.869ms
          1
                 struct torch::autograd::AccumulateGrad         0.00%      23.700us         7.63%     250.523ms     250.523ms      19.703us         0.00%     242.705ms     242.705ms
          1
                                             aten::add_         7.63%     250.500ms         7.63%     250.500ms     250.500ms     242.685ms        10.96%     242.685ms     242.685ms
          1
                                         aten::addcmul_         5.22%     171.234ms         5.22%     171.297ms     171.297ms     171.254ms         7.73%     171.299ms     171.299ms
          1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         0.27%       8.945ms         4.96%     162.845ms     162.845ms      15.687ms         0.71%      29.100ms      29.100ms
          1
-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
Self CPU time total: 3.282s
Self CUDA time total: 2.215s





PS C:\Users\myworkspace> python -m torch.utils.bottleneck .\train.py
`bottleneck` is a tool that can be used as an initial step for debugging
bottlenecks in your program.

It summarizes runs of your script with the Python profiler and PyTorch's
autograd profiler. Because your script will be profiled, please ensure that it
exits in a finite amount of time.

For more complicated uses of the profilers, please see
https://docs.python.org/3/library/profile.html and
https://pytorch.org/docs/master/autograd.html#profiler for more information.
Running environment analysis...
Running your script with cProfile
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 805/805 [02:37<00:00,  5.11it/s]
Running your script with the autograd profiler...
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 805/805 [02:36<00:00,  5.16it/s]
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 805/805 [02:52<00:00,  4.67it/s]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Environment Summary
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PyTorch 1.9.1 DEBUG compiled w/ CUDA 10.2
Running with Python 3.9 and CUDA 11.2.152

`pip3 list` truncated output:
numpy==1.20.3
torch==1.9.1
torchaudio==0.9.1
torchsummary==1.5.1
torchvision==0.10.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  cProfile output
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         4355290 function calls (4272949 primitive calls) in 159.608 seconds

   Ordered by: internal time
   List reduced from 4276 to 15 due to restriction <15>

   ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
      805  120.567    0.150  120.567    0.150 {built-in method torch._C._cuda_synchronize}
    49910    6.984    0.000    6.984    0.000 {method 'addcmul_' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
      805    6.706    0.008    6.706    0.008 {method 'run_backward' of 'torch._C._EngineBase' objects}
      929    3.964    0.004    3.964    0.004 {method 'to' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
        8    3.516    0.440    3.517    0.440 {method 'dump' of '_pickle.Pickler' objects}
    16100    3.092    0.000    3.092    0.000 {built-in method conv2d}
      805    2.546    0.003   14.196    0.018 C:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\lib\site-packages\torch\optim\_functional.py:54(adam)
    99820    2.142    0.000    2.142    0.000 {method 'add_' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
    99820    1.250    0.000    1.250    0.000 {method 'mul_' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
     1610    0.838    0.001    1.060    0.001 .\utils\utils.py:67(intersection_over_union)
    16100    0.654    0.000    0.654    0.000 {built-in method batch_norm}
    49910    0.640    0.000    0.640    0.000 {method 'addcdiv_' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
    49910    0.620    0.000    0.620    0.000 {method 'sqrt' of 'torch._C._TensorBase' objects}
      805    0.524    0.001    2.104    0.003 .\loss.py:35(forward)
    16100    0.434    0.000    1.352    0.000 C:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\batchnorm.py:133(forward)


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  autograd profiler output (CPU mode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        top 15 events sorted by cpu_time_total

-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg    # of Calls
-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
                                            aten::slice        24.42%     734.698ms        24.42%     734.699ms     734.699ms             1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         0.08%       2.342ms        16.87%     507.608ms     507.608ms             1
                                             aten::sqrt        16.60%     499.445ms        16.60%     499.445ms     499.445ms             1
enumerate(DataLoader)#_MultiProcessingDataLoaderIter...        11.78%     354.522ms        11.78%     354.523ms     354.523ms             1
                                           aten::linear         0.00%       8.100us        11.02%     331.525ms     331.525ms             1
                                            aten::addmm         0.00%     133.200us        11.02%     331.506ms     331.506ms             1
                                           aten::expand        11.01%     331.365ms        11.01%     331.373ms     331.373ms             1
                 struct torch::autograd::AccumulateGrad         0.00%      12.600us        10.77%     324.141ms     324.141ms             1
                                             aten::add_        10.77%     324.128ms        10.77%     324.128ms     324.128ms             1
                 struct torch::autograd::AccumulateGrad         0.00%      16.900us         7.77%     233.701ms     233.701ms             1
                                             aten::add_         7.77%     233.684ms         7.77%     233.684ms     233.684ms             1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         7.41%     223.067ms         7.61%     228.971ms     228.971ms             1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         0.07%       2.254ms         5.45%     163.997ms     163.997ms             1
                                         aten::addcmul_         5.16%     155.399ms         5.17%     155.450ms     155.450ms             1
                 struct torch::autograd::AccumulateGrad         4.91%     147.732ms         4.91%     147.741ms     147.741ms             1
-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
Self CPU time total: 3.009s

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  autograd profiler output (CUDA mode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        top 15 events sorted by cpu_time_total

        Because the autograd profiler uses the CUDA event API,
        the CUDA time column reports approximately max(cuda_time, cpu_time).
        Please ignore this output if your code does not use CUDA.

-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg
  # of Calls
-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
                                            aten::slice        25.20%     812.245ms        25.20%     812.246ms     812.246ms       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us
          1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         0.64%      20.729ms        21.05%     678.569ms     678.569ms       3.578ms         0.17%     552.039ms     552.039ms
          1
                                             aten::sqrt        16.74%     539.544ms        16.74%     539.544ms     539.544ms     539.542ms        24.99%     539.542ms     539.542ms
          1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         8.22%     265.041ms        11.84%     381.797ms     381.797ms     249.114ms        11.54%     255.477ms     255.477ms
          1
                                           aten::linear         0.00%      18.900us        11.54%     372.123ms     372.123ms      15.969us         0.00%     331.311ms     331.311ms
          1
                                            aten::addmm         0.00%     128.100us        11.54%     372.092ms     372.092ms     331.295ms        15.34%     331.295ms     331.295ms             1
                                           aten::expand        11.54%     371.957ms        11.54%     371.964ms     371.964ms       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1
                 struct torch::autograd::AccumulateGrad         0.00%      43.500us        11.29%     364.049ms     364.049ms      20.516us         0.00%     260.755ms     260.755ms             1
                                             aten::add_        11.29%     364.005ms        11.29%     364.005ms     364.005ms     260.735ms        12.08%     260.735ms     260.735ms             1
enumerate(DataLoader)#_MultiProcessingDataLoaderIter...        10.84%     349.536ms        10.84%     349.541ms     349.541ms     349.642ms        16.19%     349.642ms     349.642ms             1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         1.09%      35.262ms         9.71%     313.002ms     313.002ms       3.569ms         0.17%     188.701ms     188.701ms             1
                 struct torch::autograd::AccumulateGrad         0.00%      21.800us         7.52%     242.532ms     242.532ms      18.531us         0.00%     234.683ms     234.683ms             1
                                             aten::add_         7.52%     242.510ms         7.52%     242.510ms     242.510ms     234.664ms        10.87%     234.664ms     234.664ms             1
                                         aten::addcmul_         5.44%     175.450ms         5.45%     175.514ms     175.514ms     175.477ms         8.13%     175.520ms     175.520ms             1
                               Optimizer.step#Adam.step         1.45%      46.832ms         5.26%     169.472ms     169.472ms      11.611ms         0.54%      25.606ms      25.606ms             1
-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
Self CPU time total: 3.223s
Self CUDA time total: 2.159s