If you are using torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10, the dataset will be downloaded once and stored in the location passed via root.
Note that you are not downloading the CIFAR10 dataset in a resolution of 224x224, but you are resizing each image to this resolution.
CIFAR10 contains RGB images with the resolution 32x32.
If you want to apply different resolutions, I would recommend to create different datasets passing the transformation with the desired shape.