It is very important for us to use cloud-managed services. We mainly use AI Platform Pipelines (Kubeflow Pipelines) for production.
In most cases, we start prototyping in a local notebook environment. After the prototyping, we design and develop an ML pipeline on AI Platform Pipelines. This works for us because we built relatively simple batch pipelines. If our task is a more complex one or needs online evaluation, we might have took a different way.