No, you are not able to access the GPU from inside the container in Windows. This is, because the container runs inside a a stripped down Linux host which runs inside a virtual machine. And the virtual machine doesn’t have access to the GPU. You may experiment with VMWare vSphere as a docker-machine driver 27 and try using Passthrough mechanism 24.
The situation is different when you run Linux on bare metal. Then you can access the GPU from inside the container when you run the instance with the nvidia-docker runtime.