As @alex.veuthey has indicated, passing model.parameters() is a reference to the parameters that needs to be learned, the initial values do not matter. Creating an optimizer needs this reference, otherwise, having an optimizer is point-less.
So, the steps are as follows:

Create an initial model
Create an optimizer that have reference to the parameters of the model that needs to be trained by this optimizer
Load the state of the model and the state of the optimizer to resume training