Two things have gone wrong. First, scikit assumes that the first dimensions are to be rescaled. Second, it assumes that the data is a single 3D image  (because it has 4 dimensions), instead of many 2D images, so it rescales the first 3 dimensions.
I also linked to the wrong function… resize 157 is easier to use.
Try something like this:
data = np.transpose(data, (1, 2, 3, 0)) # put height and width in front
data = skimage.transform.resize(data, (28, 28)) 
data = np.transpose(data, (3, 0, 1, 2) ) # move back