That is interesting! The code works when it is not in a class for me. So, unlike the example from the linked discussions that put the loaded model in a separate class and used the forward-method, your solution did the trick for me!
This works for me now:
model = model.load_from_checkpoint(f"<path-to-my-model>.ckpt")
image_modules = list(model.children())
modules = nn.Sequential(*image_modules)

results = []
for i, model in enumerate(modules):
    x = model(x)
    if i in {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}:
        results.append(x)
        if i >= 9:
            break
print("Done!", len(results))

It now also works with
image_modules = list(model.children())
modules = nn.ModuleList(image_modules)

Thanks!