_:ne77e3ac3936141bf8aa2294fff52f518xb0
<http://schema.org/image>
<https://strykerwear.com/cdn/shop/files/11161192945375417132_2048_2048x.jpg?v=1706378385>
<https://strykerwear.com/products/rainbow-dots-unisex-softstyle-t-shirt>