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"A surge protector, or transient voltage surge suppressor, works by diverting any excess electrical energy away from electrical and electronic equipment. Most do this by diverting current and voltage spikes into the outlet’s grounding wire through the use of a metal oxide varistor (MOV). The MOV consists of metal oxide that is joined to the power line and grounding line by two semiconductors."
<https://www.lexairconditioning.com/blog/2023/10/what-is-a-surge-protector/>