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"For a good part of the 20th century, most leading companies followed a very conservative approach to innovation.  They laid emphasis on self reliance and control for successful innovation, thus generated, developed and commercialised their own ideas. They invested heavily in setting up their internal R&amp;D, hired the best and brightest minds in the business and reaped the benefits that followed. A well established R&amp;D department was increasingly being looked at as a strategic asset, one that provided a competitive edge and also deterred smaller players from entering certain markets."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>
<http://www.mbaskool.com/business-articles/human-resource/1177-the-journey-from-closed-to-open-innovation.html>