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"Motoring by Design\nOur profile of the remarkable brands, designs, collections, labs, and carriage houses seen in Architectural Digest over the years\nAutomobiles often prove to be a stylist's dream world, providing a means to explore every nuance of the designer's imagination, just as it is in architecture, fashion or furniture. Above, the dashboard, arguably the part of the car most familiar to its driver, of a 1938 Mercedes-Benz 540K. (January 2004)\nAt its headquarters in Turin, Italy, Pininfarina\u2014one of the last independent coach builders\u2014has developed high-end automobiles for more than 70 years. With its frequent collaborator Ferrari, the firm developed the Dino 206 Competizione (above), a 1967 concept car, to explore mid-engine designs. (June 2004)\nDesigned by Vienna-based Delugan Meissl Associated Architects, the 277,600-square-foot Porsche Museum is located in Stuttgart's Zuffenhausen district, the seat of Porsche's design headquarters for over a half century. (July 2009)\nAfter decades of designing cars, Giorgetto Giugiaro isn't slowing down. \"In car design, as anywhere else, it's important to have vision, to take risks,\" says Giugiaro. \"I made higher cars first, and everyone said I was crazy. And now that's done; all the cars are high.\" Above, his design for the 1966 Maserati Ghibli. (July 2007)\nThe Lampo (above), which uses lithium-ion battery packs, reflects the trend of sports cars employing the latest in alternative technologies. The car is the creation of Protoscar, a Swiss company that harnesses solar power to offset its energy use. (July 2009)\nFor the interiors of Lincoln's MKT concept car, designers Jennifer Hewlett, Joann Jung and Amy Narae Kim created a space that offers driver and passengers the luxury and comforts of home. The crystal-inspired instrument panel was Jung's brainchild, while the curving metalwork was Kim's responsibility. (July 2008)\nA redesigned version of Europe's smart for-two, DaimlerChrysler's answer to the Mini, debuted in the U.S. in 2008. Size and fuel efficiency made the smart wildly popular in Europe when it was introduced in 1998. Those qualities are echoed in the coup\u00E9 Brabus (above), which, though larger than the original, has a three-cylinder rear-mounted engine and gets up to 49 miles to the gallon. (July 2007)\n\"In Europe, there's an attitude toward American cars, and this collection shows that that arrogance is wrong,\" says Italian Nicola Bulgari, vice chairman of his namesake jewelry and luxury goods company. Among the 50-plus American vehicles at his 10,000-square-foot Pennsylvania storage facility is a limited-production black 1963 Buick Riviera Coupe (left), which occupies the front-and-center spot in a hangarlike space. \"Let's not fantasize about European cars,\" he adds. \"Even the mom-and-pop American production cars, the cheapest ones, had great style, and they were so reliable.\" (July 2008)\n\"I wanted to create a car that was light, likable and fun, but, more important, one that connected on an emotional level,\" designer Marc Newson says of the Ford 021C, a clean-lined, four-speed automatic sedan constructed mostly of carbon fiber and sheet metal. The single headlight incorporates a programmable optics system. (September 2000)\nThe Bugatti Veyron Fbg par Herm\u00E8s is the result of a joint effort that combines the automaker's high-performance cars with the custom tailoring of the venerable luxury-goods maker. It isn't the first collaboration between the companies: In 1929 the Bugatti Royale came with a custom Herm\u00E8s suitcase. Like much of the interior, the aluminum steering wheel is clad in saddle-stitched leather. The door pulls echo the handles of Herm\u00E8s luggage and travel bags. (September 2008)\nModern architecture makes a dynamic frame for Germany's top automakers, among them Volkswagen, whose glass-walled factory in Dresden was designed by Gunter Henn of Henn Architekten. The factory visibly dramatizes the production line to passersby as well as customers, who, in some cases, can watch their own individual vehicles being assembled and eventually drive them off. (June 2004)\nTo inspire a new fleet of automobiles, Detroit automotive designers turned to 1960s classics\u2014like the 1965 Ford Shelby Mustang (above)\u2014with instructions to \"build the car you see in the mind's eye.\" (July 2007)\nThe field of automotive aerodynamics has evolved since the 1930s, when the Dubonnet Hispano-Suiza H-6c Xenia (top) and the Lincoln Zephyr (bottom) were introduced. The emphasis on aesthetics gave way to one in which sleekness was seen as a key element in the quest for fuel efficiency. Inspired by airplanes, locomotives and the glory of the industrial age, \"streamlined\" design was all the rage in the early days of automobiles. (July 2008)\nA New York carriage house was converted by photographer Timothy White into a garage and studio that houses some of his vintage automobiles, including a 1949 Oldsmobile, at right, and a 1962 Corvette, at left. A vestige of the studio's former life was preserved during renovation: A rectangular opening in the ceiling leading to the production area was originally used for throwing hay bales to horses below. (June 2006)\nEmil \"Butch\" Brinza sits beside the 1934 Ford he customized with pinstriping, the venerable art of applying fine decorative lines by hand to cars. (January 2004)\nAs automobile color trends shift into the realm of silvers, blacks and pearlescents, the more \"emotional\" models\u2014and, perhaps, buyers\u2014will stay true to the brighter, bolder hues on the palette. Above, the Ferrari Superamerica, rosso corsa. (July 2005)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>
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