<http://schema.org/articleBody>
"&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Stroop test, also referred to as the Stroop Color Word Test or the Stroop Effect, is a test dating back to the 1930\u2019s that measures &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/what-is-cognition-how-is-it-affected-by-dementia-98813&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;cognitive functioning&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;. It may be used as part of the assessment process when conducting an evaluation to determine if someone has &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/mild-cognitive-impairment-and-alzheimers-disease-98561&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;mild cognitive impairment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/what-is-alzheimers-disease-98795&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Alzheimer\u2019s&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/alzheimers-disease-98770&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot;&amp;gt;another type of dementia&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Stroop test is considered by some to be an effective measure of &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/executive-functioning-alzheimers-98596&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot;&amp;gt;executive functioning&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, the ability to plan, apply knowledge and make decisions. Executive functioning, along with &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/types-dementia-4013778&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot;&amp;gt;short term memory impairment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, is often one of the &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/symptoms-of-alzheimers-disease-98570&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot;&amp;gt;symptoms&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; of &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/what-to-expect-in-the-early-stages-of-alzheimers-98242&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot;&amp;gt;early stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Stroop effect was first written about by John Ridley Stroop in 1935 for his Ph.D. dissertation.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;h3&amp;gt;What Does the Stroop Test Contain?&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Stroop Test consists of colors that are written in words but in the wrong color ink. The test-taker has to be able to state the color that the word is written in and be able to ignore whatever the actual word is. For example, if you see the word \u201Cred\u201D but it\u2019s written in blue ink, the correct answer would be \u201Cblue\u201D.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;h3&amp;gt;Stroop Test Results&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Older adults who do not have any cognitive impairment have, on average, a slower response time than younger and middle-age adults, but they typically answer the questions correctly.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;People with &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/mild-cognitive-impairment-and-alzheimers-disease-98561&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot;&amp;gt;mild cognitive impairment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, Alzheimer\u2019s or another &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/what-is-dementia-98745&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot;&amp;gt;dementia&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, on the other hand, will be slower in answering but also have a significantly higher rate of incorrect answers because of their decline in processing information and the inability to ignore one stimulus (the word) while focusing on the one (the color).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;h3&amp;gt;What Does the Stroop Test Identify?&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Stroop Test has been associated with impairment specifically in the prefrontal cortices of the brain, especially in earlier stages of Alzheimer\u2019s. As Alzheimer\u2019s progresses into the &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/mid-stage-alzheimers-98243&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot;&amp;gt;middle&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.verywell.com/late-stage-alzheimers-4013466&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;internalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot;&amp;gt;late stages&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, the Stroop effect is not a valid indicator of the location or extent of impairment in the brain.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;h3&amp;gt;Variations of the Stroop Test&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Variations of the Stroop Test have been developed and tested recently, particularly with the goal of assessing executive functioning early in Alzheimer\u2019s. Rather than continue the same set of directions throughout the test, the new version required the participants to switch back and forth between two different sets of directions.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For example, on one section of the test, they might have to identify the color the word is written in, and in another section of the test, they might have to read the word and ignore the color that the word is written in.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Other variations might include a written word that is not a color, such as the word &amp;amp;#34;five&amp;amp;#34; in a certain color ink.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;h3&amp;gt;How Accurate Is the Stroop Test in Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment or Early Alzheimer\u2019s?&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In one study conducted by Hutchison, Balota and Duchek in 2010, variations of the Stroop Test (which involved switching the directions as described above) were better than 18 other typical cognitive tests at differentiating between healthy older adults and those with early Alzheimer\u2019s.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;Sources:&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;Alzheimer\u2019s Society. The Stroop Test. Accessed July 19, 2012. &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/braintrain&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;externalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;13&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/braintrain&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders EXTRA. 2011 Jan-Dec; 1(1): 190\u2013201. Neural Correlates of Stroop Performance in Alzheimer&amp;amp;#39;s Disease: A FDG-PET Study. Accessed July 19, 2012. &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3199888/&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;externalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;14&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3199888/&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;The Environmental Psychology Lab. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan. Stroop Effect. Accessed July 19, 2012. &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.snre.umich.edu/eplab/demos/st0/stroopdesc.html&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;externalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;15&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://www.snre.umich.edu/eplab/demos/st0/stroopdesc.html&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Aging. Developing New Cognitive Tests. &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/6-advances-detecting-alzheimers-disease/developing-new-cognitive-tests&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;externalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;16&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/6-advances-detecting-alzheimers-disease/developing-new-cognitive-tests&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;Neuropsychology. 2002, Vol. 16, No. 3, 335\u2013343. Cognitive and Neuropathologic Correlates of Stroop Color\u2013Word Test Performance in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Accessed July 19, 2012. &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11235381_Cognitive_and_neuropathologic_correlates_of_Stroop_Color-Word_Test_performance_in_Alzheimer&amp;amp;#39;s_disease&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;externalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;17&amp;quot;&amp;gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11235381_Cognitive_and_neuropathologic_correlates_of_Stroop_Color-Word_Test_performance_in_Alzheimer&amp;amp;#39;s_disease&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;Psychology and Aging. 2010, Vol. 25, No. 3, 545\u2013559. The Utility of Stroop Task Switching as a Marker for Early-Stage Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Accessed July 20, 2012. &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.scribd.com/doc/283607773/The-Utility-of-Stroop-Task-Switching-as-a-Marker-for-Early-Stage#scribd&amp;quot; data-component=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; data-source=&amp;quot;inlineLink&amp;quot; data-type=&amp;quot;externalLink&amp;quot; data-ordinal=&amp;quot;18&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://www.scribd.com/doc/283607773/The-Utility-of-Stroop-Task-Switching-as-a-Marker-for-Early-Stage#scribd&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>
<https://www.verywell.com/what-is-the-stroop-test-screening-early-alzheimers-98628>