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u3067\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660E\u3089\u304B\u306B\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308A\uFF0C\u7121\u9178\u7D20\u75C7\u306E\u75C5\u614B\u89E3\u660E\u306B\u65B0\u3057\u3044\u77E5\u898B\u3092\u52A0\u3048\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308B\u3002\u305D\u308C\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u81E8\u5E8A\u7684\u306B\u306F\u6025\u6027\u7121\u9178\u7D20\u75C7\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u5BFE\u51E6\u6CD5\u3068\u3057\u3066\uFF0C\u4E00\u5B9A\u6642\u9593\u5185\u306B\u7684\u78BA\u306A\u9178\u7D20\u5438\u5165\u3092\u884C\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304C\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308A\uFF0C\u6551\u6025\u51E6\u7F6E\u6CD5\u306E\u6539\u5584\u306B\u4E3B\u8981\u306A\u6307\u91DD\u3092\u63D0\u793A\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308B\u3002\nAn asphyxial condition frequently occurs in the small animal practice by various causes, such as tracheal obstruction, unsatisfactory artificial ventilation, insufficiency in pulmonary yentilation and respiratory arrest in shock. Then, hypoxia is induced and followed by anoxia, which leads to death. In such case emphasis must be put on a course from the occurence of anoxia by the arrest of the pulmonary function to the appearance of irreversible damage in the brain activity from a clinical point of view. It is essential to apply the resuscitation within a very short time in this course. As for the disturbances in cardiac function and brain activity in the case of anoxia, the author considers that changes in oxygen tension (PO_2) in the cardiac tissue may participate in these disturbances distinctly. Therefore, he tried to clarify a rise and fall in PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue in the course of hypoxia to anoxia. At the same time, studies were made on changes in the cardiac function in the case of anoxia to establish a guideline for the clinical resuscitation of this disorder. This paper deals with changes in the cardiac function and PO_2 of cardiac muscle in the canine case of anoxia. 1. Experiment on basic function of a PO_2 sensor. To estimate PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue, it is necessary to select an instrument which can detect PO_2 diffused in the tissue accurately. For the present studies were selected a sensor, model M-HOS^TM, for PO_2 estimation manufactured by the Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. and an instrument, model PO-2080^TM, for an analytical system manufactured by the same company. Comparison was made on the function between these instruments and the blood gas analyzer, model Micro 13^TM(IL Meter), manufactured by the Instrumentation Laboratory, Inc. and used conventionally and extensively. In this comparison, the PO_2 sensor was inserted into the carotid artery of dogs to estimate PO_2 in the arterial blood. On the other hand, a vascular catheter was inserted into the artery to collect the arterial blood, the PO_2 of which was determined by the IL Meter. As a result, there was a high linear correlation at Y=1.4X-4.9 and r=0.983 between PO_2 estimated with the PO_2 sensor and that estimated with the IL Meter. In other words, the value estimated with the PO_2 sensor had a constant ratio to that estimated with the IL Meter. When the jugular venous PO_2 estimated with the PO_2 sensors was compared to that with IL Meter, a high correlation with a constant ratio (Y=0.9X-1.7, r=0.835) was noticed between the two. When PO_2 in the tissue was estimated with the PO_2 sensor, there was not so high a correlation between PO_2 in the cervical subcutaneous tissue and that in the arterial blood. When the site of estimation was warmed up, there was a relatively high correlation (Y=6.3X-54.9, r=0.735) between the two. This change seemed to indicate that the distribution of PO_2 was not homogeneous in the subctaneous tissue and that a stabilized value could beobtained by warming of the tissue. When PO_2 estimated with the PO_2 sensor was compared between the cervical muscle and carotid arterial blood, there was a correlation (Y=9.9X-294.5, r=0.886) between the two. Therefore, it was possible to estimate a relatively stabilized PO_2 in the muscular tissue. From these results it was confirmed that there was a high correlation between PO_2 estimated with the PO_2 sensor and that estimated with the IL Meter, and that the PO_2 sensor had a good responsiveness. When the PO_2 sensor was used to estimate PO_2 in the subcutaneous tissue and the muscular tissue, it showed an accurate responsiveness rather faithfully to PO_2 in the tissue. Therefore, it was confirmed that the PO_2 sensor was available for the estimation of PO_2 in the tissue. 2. Experiment with PO_2 sensor for estimation of PO_2 in cardiac muscular tissue. It was confirmed that the PO_2 sensor was available for the estimation of PO_2 in the tissue. Then, this sensor was used to estimate PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue. Dog were thoracotomized under anesthesia. By a direct vision, the heart was exposed in it. The PO_2 sensor was inserted into the cardiac muscle in a layer immediately below the endocardium, the intermediate layer, and the proximal layer of the epicardium in the left ventricle of the dog. The three layers are supplied by the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. PO_2 was estimated in them when 100% oxygen inhalation was applied to the dog. As a result, PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue in the three layers in the order listed was 291.4mmHg on the average, 61.0mmHg, and 35.8mmHg on the average, respectively. PO_2 in the left ventricular blood, serving as a control, was 411.5\u00B168.3mmHg on the average. It was clarified that PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue decreased from the endocardial toward the epicardial side. On the other hand, blood supply was interrupted in the cardiac musculartissue at the time of PO_2 estimation, and observation made on changes in PO_2 in this tissue while circulating blood changed in amount. As a result, remarkable changes were noticed in PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue in the intermediate layer and the proximal layer of the epicardium. Therefore, it was elucidated that PO_2 in this tissue was influenced greately by the amount of circulating blood in the supplying blood vessel. PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue in the layer immediately below the endocardium was hardly influenced by such amount of the supplying blood vessel. Therefore, it was considered that oxygen might have been supplied to the cardiac muscular tissue from the blood contained in the cardiac cavity by way of the endocardium. In this manner, it was possible to obtain findings of interest from this experiment. In brief, it was by the application of the PO_2 sensor that the condition of oxygen diffusion was clarified in the cardiac muscular tissue in the three layers of the heart. 3. Experiment on changes in cardiac function and PO_2 in cardiac muscular tissue in the case of experimental anoxia. This experiment was carried out in animals in which anoxia was produced experimentally. In it examination was made on changes in PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue which might exert any influence upon the cardiac function when the animal was affected with hypoxia leading to anoxia. Experimentally, acute anoxia was produced in dogs by switching over of anesthesia to 100% nitrogen inhalation. In these dogs hypoxia began to appear and progress immediately after the nitrogen inhalation. About 5 minutes later a respiratory arrest occurred and acute anoxia was induced. When this arrest was continued for 2-3 minutes, the brain function was arrested to cause an irreversible disturbance. It was made clear that when the dog was allowed to inhale 100% oxygen 2 minutes after the occurrence of the respiratory arrest, it recovered from acute anoxia without leaving sequelae. To clarify changes in PO_2 in anoxia, the PO_2 sensor was used to estimate PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue and the blood contained in the cavity of the left ventricle. Furthermore, the IL Meter was applied to estimate PO_2 in the blood of the abdominal aorta. As a result, PO_2 was 49.1\u00B111.1mmHg on the average in the normal cardiac muscular tissue (in the intermediate layer). It was 9.3\u00B18.8mmHg on the average in the same tissue affected with anoxia, showing a significant decrease (P\u22660.01) in the affected tissue. Within about 4 minutes after the beginning of 100% oxygen inhalation it increased to 50.7\u00B129.1mmHg, which was essentally the same as the control value. On the other hand, PO_2 was 110.4\u00B150.2 and 115.7\u00B111.7mmHg on the average in the normal blood contained in the left ventricle and the abdominal aorta, respectively. When the dog was suffering from anoxia, PO_2 was 21.3\u00B131.4 and 11.3\u00B14.5mmHg in the blood found in the left ventricle and the abdominal aorta, respectively, in lt, showing a significant decrease (P\u22660.01). When the dog was allowed to inhale 100% oxygen, PO_2 increased significantly (P\u22660.01) to 391.0\u00B187.1 and 438.7\u00B1103.0mmHg in the blood contained in the left ventricle and the abdominal aorta, respectively. Both values were higher than the control value. The results mentioned above seemed to indicate that in the case of anoxia PO_2 decreased so remarkably as to exert influence upon the cardiac function. On the other hand, the dog could recover from anoxia when it was allowed to inhale 100% oxygen within 2 minutes after the occurrence of a respiratory arrest; that is, immediately before the appearance of irreversible changes in it. In this experiment it was possible to elucidate changes in PO_2 in blood and the cardiac muscular tissue in the case of anoxia. At the same time it was also possible to confirm the critical time point when oxygen inhalation had to be applied to a dog suffering from anoxia. These results are considered to serve as an important guideline for the resuscitation of this disorder. Studies were made on changes in the cardiac function caused by anoxia accompanied with a decrease in PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue. As a result, when anoxia was induced, average aortic pressure decreased significantly (P\u22660.01) and a systolic pressure of the left ventricle slightly. Since the total peripheral resistance increased significantly (P\u22660.01), it was found to exert great influence upon the after load. Both end-diastolic pressure of the left ventricle and mean left atrial pressure increased significantly (P\u22660.01) to exhibit a distinct increase in the preload. As a result, the function of the left heart was found to have been disturbed outstandingly. Moreover, the rate of change in maximal dp/dt of the left ventricle decreased significantly (P\u22660.01). At the same time with a decrease in the contractility of cardiac muscle, both cardiac output and heart rate decreased significantly (P\u22660.01). Simultaneously, electrocardiography revealed abnormalities in the production of stimulation and conduction. As a result, there was a decrease in the amount of venous return. Besides, of these phenomena, preload, the contractility of cardiac muscle, and the amount of venous return showed a considerably effective improvement, although they failed to disappear completely, when the affected dog was allowed to inhale 100% oxygen within 2 minutes after the occurrence of a respiratory arrest. In conclusion, it was possible to clarify PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue. At the same time it was elucidated that in a dog suffering from anoxia a decrease in PO_2 in the cardiac muscular tissue induced a reduction in the left heart function, the cardiac contractility, and the venous return. This reduction induced marked disturbances in the cardiac function. Therefore, the results obtained were presumed to contribute new findings to the clarification of the pathological condition of anoxia. Clinically, as a method of resuscitation of acute anoxia, oxygen inhalation performed accurately within a given times was demonstrated to be very important. This experiment seemed to baye presented a principal guideline for the improvement of steps for the resuscitation of acute anoxia.\n"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>
<http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/500000032002>