Syrian tanks attack eastern city of Deir al-Zour
At least 50 people have died after the Syrian army stormed Deir al-Zour, the largest city in the east and a scene of frequent protests, activists say.
Scores of tanks and armoured vehicles are reported to have entered several areas of the city after a heavy bombardment that began before dawn.
At least 26 other people have been killed in Homs province and six in Idlib in the north-west, activists say.
President Bashar al-Assad has defended his security forces' deadly crackdown.
"Syria is on the path to reform," he was quoted as telling Lebanese Foreign Minister Adnan Mansour by the state news agency, Sana.
"To deal with outlaws who cut off roads, seal towns and terrorise residents is a duty of the state, which must defend security and protect the lives of civilians," he added.
Activists say at least 1,650 civilians have been killed and tens of thousands arrested since the uprising began in mid-March.
Access to Syria has been severely restricted for international journalists and it is rarely possible to verify accounts by witnesses and activists.
Mr Assad is facing mounting condemnation and pressure from outside the country.
In its first comments about the unrest, the six-nation Gulf Co-operation Council condemned the "excessive use of force" and called for an "immediate end to the violence".
The Arab League also expressed "growing concern and strong distress" over the situation, Qatar's state news agency QNA reported.
Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah has also said the violence is unacceptable and has recalled his ambassador to Syria for consulations.
Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Ankara had "run out of patience" with Mr Assad's regime and that it could no longer "remain a spectator" to events across its border.
He announced he was sending Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu to Damascus on Tuesday with a tough message, our correspondent adds, but one of Mr Assad's top advisers said he would be given an even tougher message to take home.
The US ambassador to Syria, Robert Ford - who angered the regime by attending a protest in Hama last month - has returned to Syria, saying it was "important to bear witness to what the Syrian government is doing".
Mr Ford told ABC News Washington intends to "ratchet up the pressure" on the regime.
In a telephone call with Mr Assad on Saturday, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon expressed "his strong concern and that of the international community at the mounting violence and death toll", a UN spokesman said.
It was the first such communication in several months; the UN says Mr Assad had been refusing to accept calls from the secretary general.
City 'totally paralysed'
Activists said the bombardment of Deir al-Zour, about 450km (280 miles) east of Damascus, began at dawn on Sunday, with scores of tanks and armoured personnel carriers moving into many parts of the city, to the sound of explosions and machine-gun fire.
"We are surrounded by military forces, security apparatus and government thugs," one resident told the BBC World Service.
He said there were no protests taking place in the city, but that government forces had threatened to attack hospitals and ambulances.
The wounded were treated by field clinics set up inside mosques. Some bodies were buried in a park as it was not possible to get to the cemetery, residents said.
The Local Co-ordination Committees, an activist group that documents and organises protests, said nine districts had been stormed, but that the gunfire and casualties were heaviest in al-Joura, where snipers occupied the rooftops of most of the area's high buildings.
Activists said people were unable to flee because troops were all around, but also that some of the soldiers in al-Joura had defected rather than shoot at people. Some began trying to protect civilians, they added.
The national Syrian Revolution Co-ordination Committee said the number of people killed in Deir al-Zour had reached at least 50.
"The numbers of casualties are escalating by the hour," said committee member Suhair al-Atassi.
Earlier this week, residents had reported the build-up of soldiers and tanks.
State media said local leaders had called on the army to enter Deir al-Zour "to protect the citizens and preserve the public and private properties".
Parts of the city were shelled on Thursday night and Friday morning, witnesses said. Some reported shortages of food and water.
"Conditions in the city are very bad since it has been under siege for nine days," one activist told the Associated Press. "There is lack of medicine, baby formula, food stuff and gasoline. The city is totally paralysed."
Despite the imminent threat of an assault, tens of thousands of demonstrators took to the streets on Friday, chanting: "We don't want the army inside the cities".
The BBC's Jim Muir in neighbouring Lebanon says Deir al-Zour, not far from the border with Iraq, is in a strongly tribal area. Some tribal leaders have declared loyalty to the regime, but not all.
Activists also said security forces backed by tanks had killed at least 26 civilians, including a 10-year-old boy, and wounded several others on Sunday in the village of Hula, 30 km (19 miles) north of the city of Homs.
The army has continued its siege on the central city of Hama, which has become the centre of the uprising. Earlier, the Local Co-ordination Committees said the number of those killed since security forces launched an assault last Sunday was now more than 300.
Later, security forces had arrested the prominent opposition figure and former political prisoner, Walid al-Bunni, and his two sons, activists said. Four activist brothers from the Khattab family were also detained.
Meanwhile, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem said the government would hold "free and transparent" elections before the end of 2011, which would "give birth to a parliament representing the aspirations of the Syrian people".
- Syria's anti-government protests, inspired by events in Tunisia and Egypt, first erupted in mid-March after the arrest of a group of teenagers who spray-painted a revolutionary slogan on a wall. The protests soon spread, and the UN says 3,500 people have died in the turmoil - mainly protestors but also members of Syria's security forces - while thousands more have been injured.
- Although the arrest of the teenagers in the southern city of Deraa first prompted people to take to the streets, unrest has since spread to other areas, including Hama, Homs, Latakia, Jisr al-Shughour and Baniyas. Demonstrators are demanding greater freedom, an end to corruption, and, increasingly, the ousting of President Bashar al-Assad.
- The government has responded to the protests with overwhelming military force, sending tanks and troops into towns and cities. Amateur video footage shows tanks and snipers firing on unarmed protesters. There may have been an armed element to the uprising from its early days and army deserters have formed the Free Syrian Army.
- Some of the bloodiest events have taken place in the northern town of Jisr al-Shughour. In early June, officials claimed 120 security personnel were killed by armed gangs, however protesters said the dead were shot by troops for refusing to kill demonstrators. As the military moved to take control of the town, thousands fled to neighbouring Turkey, taking refuge in camps.
- Although the major cities of Damascus and Aleppo have seen pockets of unrest and some protests, it has not been widespread - due partly to a heavy security presence. There have been rallies in the capital - one with an enormous Syrian flag - in support of President Assad, who still receives the backing of many in Syria's middle class, business elite and minority groups.
- The Assad family has been in power for 40 years, with Bashar al-Assad inheriting office in 2000. The president has opened up the economy, but has continued to jail critics and control the media. He is from the minority Alawite sect - an offshoot of Shia Islam - but the country's 20 million people are mainly Sunni. The biggest protests have been in Sunni-majority areas.
- The uprising has cost 3,500 lives, according to the UN and Jordan's King Abdullah says that President Assad should now step down. The Arab League has suspended Syria's membership and voted for sanctions. The EU has frozen the assets of Syrian officials, placed an arms embargo on Syria and banned imports of its oil. But fears remain of Syria collapsing into civil war.