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The fire happened on 10 October during a routine maintenance operation.
An unspecified amount of radioactive iodine vapour - iodine 131 - escaped into the atmosphere and on the advice of the health physics manager a ban on the sale of local milk was imposed.
The Committee of Inquiry report made several recommendations including more speedy assessment of risks to public health following such an accident in future.
Lessons to be learned
However, it emphasised the fire had "no bearing on the safety of nuclear power stations being built for electricity authorities" and that the Medical Research Council was satisfied it was unlikely any harm had been done to human health.
This point was emphasised by the Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, addressing MPs in the Commons today.
He announced three new committees will be set up to study the report and advise on lessons to be learned from the fire.
Fire broke out at atomic pile [nuclear reactor] number one during a routine maintenance exercise called a Wigner release.
This involves switching off the reactor's cooling device to allow graphite to heat up in a controlled situation to release the energy that builds up when graphite is irradiated. This procedure is known as "annealing".
But on 10 October the energy was released too quickly because instruments not specifically designed for annealing showed incorrect readings.
The fuel melted, fuel cans burst, uranium was ignited and iodine 131 was released through the cooling chimneys.
This collected on grass in fields around the plant which was in turn eaten by cows and soon absorbed into their milk. Local milk was analysed on 12 October.
The following day milk produced by local cows was banned from sale. The report adds there was "no district radiation or inhalation hazard" and that to issue an emergency warning "would have caused unecessary alarm".
Nevertheless, Sir Edwin Plowden, chairman of the UK Atomic Energy Authority has also pointed out a need for better communication beween the plant's management and various local interests.
Windscale has been producing plutonium for the military since October 1950 as part of the Britain's weapons program which began in 1946. Reactors use natural uranium as fuel, graphite as the moderator and air for cooling.
The Windscale fire is one of three nuclear disasters cited by opponents of nuclear power as proof that its risks outweigh its benefits. The other two are Three Mile Island and Chernobyl.
In 1971 Windscale management was transferred from the UKAEA to British Nuclear Fuels and renamed Sellafield.
It became the world's greatest discharger of radioactive waste most of which went into the Irish Sea.
A nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, Thorp, opened there in 1994.
Two years later, BNFL was fined £25,000 after admitting "serious and significant" failures in safety that left a Sellafield worker contaminated with radioactivity.
In 2000, concerns over marine pollution prompted Ireland and Denmark to press for Sellafield's closure, while safety worries led other countries to suspend processing contracts.
Sellafield is now being decommissioned as part of a programme to close down Britain's 14 ageing nuclear power stations as they reach the end of their working lives.
However, in 2005 the Labour government put the issue of nuclear power back on the political agenda, calling for a public debate about its future, because of the shortage of fossil fuels.
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