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Fuel is taxed at various different stages in the process of turning crude oil into petrol, and the amount of tax depends on each government's polices.
In the US, tax accounts for 22% of the cost of a litre of petrol, while in the UK - the highest fuel-taxing country, it accounts for almost 73%.
The UK government says its reasons for keeping fuel taxes high are to provide a financial incentive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and to raise revenue.
In the US, an average person consumes more than four times as much fuel as the rest of the world, and more than twice as much as in Europe.