Scrum-half Jason Spice played a key role for Ospreys
Ospreys (13) 24
Tries: Williams, Mustoe
Pen: Connor (3)
Australia (13) 16
Pens: Shephard (3)
Ospreys recorded an historic win over Australia at Swansea's Liberty Stadium on Wednesday.
The sides were level at 16-16 after 70 minutes before Shaun Connor's drop-goal and Richard Mustoe's try sealed a shock victory for the Welsh region.
Adam Ashley-Cooper scored the opening try for a second-string Australia, with Cameron Shepherd kicking 11 points.
Barry Williams drove over for the Ospreys' first try before Connor and Mustoe took the Ospreys to victory.
Australia were back in Wales' second city for the first time since their famous defeat by Swansea RFC back in the days of amateur rugby in 1992.
Experienced flanker George Smith led out a young side at a packed Liberty Stadium in the first match between a Welsh region and a touring side.
The game got off to a disjointed start as a neck injury to Australia flanker Hugh McMeniman caused a seven-minute delay inside the opening 10 minutes.
McMeniman was carried off on a stretcher but was soon back on his feet - although he was taken to hospital as a precaution.
The game soon warmed up on a cold evening in Swansea as Ashley-Cooper finished off a fine counter-attack to score the first try on 14 minutes.
The tourists stole possession on the halfway line and moved the ball quickly towards the right wing.
Ospreys captain Paul James lifts the trophy after beating Australia
Shepherd made the decisive outside break with a strong hand-off and his inside pass gave centre Ashley-Cooper a clear run to the line.
Full-back Shepherd added the conversion, having earlier landed a penalty to cancel out Connor's three points.
A penalty apiece followed, but the Ospreys - who were without their Wales internationals - soon drew level as hooker Williams was driven over from a short-range lineout.
The home side had found themselves in a superb attacking position after being awarded a penalty inside Australia's 22, which resulted in Wallaby lock James Horwill being sent to the sin-bin for killing the ball.
Further Australian indiscipline followed soon after the break as prop Guy Shepherdson was sin-binned for a stamp, but Connor hit the post from the resulting kick at goal.
Fellow Aussie prop Nic Henderson was fortunate not to follow minutes later for a stamp on Ospreys number eight Filo Tiatia.
But it was Tiatia who was judged to have been the offender for apparently killing the ball and was promptly given a yellow card, much to his obvious bemusement.
Shepherd's third penalty on 59 minutes finally got the scoreboard ticking over again after an error-strewn period of play.
Connor landed his third penalty on 70 minutes to level the scores again and then a drop-goal three minutes later gave the home side some breathing space.
With time running out, Australia launched an attack from inside their own 22, but a stray pass allowed winger Mustoe to intercept and he had enough pace to reach the try line and make the game safe.
Ospreys: Terblanche; Mustoe, Parker, Selley, Vaughton; Connor, Spice; James (capt), B. Williams, Millward, Powell, Bateman, Beech, Pugh, Tiatia.
Replacements: A. Bishop for Selley (76), Walker for Vaughton (65), Roberts for Spice (79), Bennett for B. Williams (59), Griffiths for Millward (59), Lloyd for Beech (59).
Not Used: Collins.
Australia: Shepherd; Staniforth, Ashley-Cooper, Fairbanks, Turinui; Gerrard, Sheehan; Henderson, Polota-Nau, Shepherdson, Campbell, Horwill, McMeniman, Smith (capt), Lyons.
Replacements: Valentine for Sheehan (41), S. Moore for Polota-Nau (41), Chisholm for McMeniman (11), Robinson for Lyons (49).
Not Used: Hoiles, Rogers, Rathbone.
Ref: Andrew Small (RFU).