تحميل كتاب تعلم اللغة الصينية في 10 أيام pdf - مكتبة نور
لغات اخرى اللغة الصينية بالصينية المبسطة 汉语 أو بالصينية التقليدية 漢語 تنطق هانيو وتعني حرفيا لغة الهان أو بالصينية 中文 تنطق جونجوين وتعني حرفيا الكتابة ...
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## Learn Chinese In 10 Days

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Author:[Ahmed Jalal](/en/ebooks-Ahmed-Jalal1662922903-pdf)Category:[Linguistics](/en/ebooks-linguistics-pdf)\[Edit\]Language:ArabicPages:
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## Book Description

لغات اخرى اللغة الصينية (بالصينية المبسطة: 汉语، أو بالصينية التقليدية: 漢語 تنطق «هانيو» وتعني حرفياً لغة الهان، أو بالصينية: 中文 تنطق «جونجوين» وتعني حرفياً الكتابة الصينية) هي مجموعة من التفرعات اللغوية والتي لا تحتوي على وضوح متبادل بينها في أوجه مختلفة ليكونوا فرعا لغوياً من عائلة اللغات الصينية التبتية. يتحدث الصينية غالبية الهان والعديد من الأقليات العرقية في الصين. يتحدث الصينية حوالي 1.2 مليار شخص حول العالم (حوالي 16% من سكان العالم) كلغة أولى.

عادة ما توصف التفرعات اللغوية للصينية بواسطة الناطقين الأصليين بأنها لهجات من لغة صينية واحدة إلا أن علماء اللغة يلاحظون أنهم مختلفين كعائلة لغوية. يوصف التنوع الداخلي في الصينية كأنه تنوع اللغات الرومانسية وقد يكون حتى أكثر تنوعاً. يوجد ما بين 7 إلى 13 مجموعة محلية أساسية في الصين من بينهم اللغة الماندرينية وهي الأكثر انتشاراً بكثير (980 مليون شخص) يليها الوو (80 مليون) ثم المين (70 مليون) ثم اليؤ. معظم هذه اللغات لا تحتوي على وضوح متبادل وحتى اللهجات المحلية داخل المين قد لا تحتوي على وضوح متبادل.

الصينية التقليدية هو نوع تقليدي من الصيني المتحدث بناء على لهجة بكين من الماندرينية وهي اللغة الرسمية للصين وتايوان كما أنها أحد اللغات الأربعة الرسمية في سنغافورة وأحد اللغات الست الرسمية للأمم المتحدة. النوع المكتوب من الصينية التقليدية (中文 «جونجوين») مبني على الرسم اللفظي للمقاطع الصينية (汉字/漢字 «هانزُ») ويستخدم بواسطة المتحدثين المتعلمين بين اللهجات التي لا تحتوي على وضوح متبادل.

أول السجلات للكتابة الصينية ترجع إلى سلالة الشانج والتي ترجع إلى 1250 قبل الميلاد. يمكن بناء الأنماط اللفظية للصينية القديمة عن طريق إيقاع الشعر القديم. أثناء فترة السلالات الشمالية والجنوبية، تعرضت الصينية الوسطى للكثير من التغيرات الصوتية وانقسمت إلى تنوعات مختلفة بعد انقسامات جغرافية وسياسية طويلة. استخدم البلاط الملكي لسلالة المينج وبداية سلالة الشينج لغة الكوينيه بناء على لهجة النانجينج من ماندرينية يانجتزُ العليا. اعتُمدت الصينية التقليدية منذ ثلاثينيات القرن الماضي وهي الآن اللغة الرسمية لكل من جمهورية الصين الشعبية وتايوان.

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