SLOW FASHION / ETYCZNA MODA... czyli jaka?
Etyczna moda uwzględnia wielu pracowników, którzy pracują za kulisami, aby umożliwić przemysłowi odzieżowemu funkcjonowanie. Od rolników, którzy ...
PINATEX
Na szczęście wiele etycznych marek modowych dokonało pozytywnych wyborów, aby trzymać się z daleka od takich praktyk. Jedną z takich marek modowych (wolną od okrucieństwa wobec zwierząt) jest BOHEMA. BOHEMA to zrównoważona marka modowa z siedzibą w Polsce i wegańska marka produkująca z takich materiałów jak <anchor>PINATEX</anchor> czy DESSERTO. Gwarantuje, że żadne zwierzę nie zostało skrzywdzone podczas jakiejkolwiek części ich produkcji lub użyte w ich tkaninach. Są nie tylko wegańscy, ale także robią świetne buty, które możesz nosić na każdą okazję, czy to na plaży, czy na czerwonym dywanie.
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- [1Development](#Development)
- [2Production](#Production)
- [3Properties](#Properties)
- [4Sustainability](#Sustainability)
- [5In manufactured goods](#In_manufactured_goods)
- [6Recognition](#Recognition)
- [7References](#References)
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# Piñatex

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pineapple-based vegetable leather

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png)

**A major contributor to this article appears to have a [close connection](/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest "Wikipedia:Conflict of interest") with its subject.** It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly [neutral point of view](/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view "Wikipedia:Neutral point of view"). Please discuss further on the [talk page](/wiki/Talk:Pi%C3%B1atex "Talk:Piñatex")._(March 2023)__([Learn how and when to remove this message](/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal"))_

Piñatex[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pi%C3%B1atex_fabric_in_white.jpg/220px-Pi%C3%B1atex_fabric_in_white.jpg)](/wiki/File:Pi%C3%B1atex_fabric_in_white.jpg)

Piñatex fabric in white

TypeFabricMaterial[Pineapple](/wiki/Pineapple "Pineapple") leaf and [PLA](/wiki/Polylactic_acid "Polylactic acid")Production method[Felting](/wiki/Felt "Felt")Production processMechanizedIntroduced2015ManufacturerAnanas Anam

**Piñatex** (Spanish pronunciation:[\[piɲaˈteks\]](/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish "Help:IPA/Spanish")) is the trade name for a non-biodegradable [leather alternative](/wiki/Artificial_leather "Artificial leather") made from cellulose fibres extracted from [pineapple](/wiki/Pineapple "Pineapple") [leaves](/wiki/Leaf "Leaf"), [PLA (polylactic acid)](/wiki/Polylactic_acid "Polylactic acid"), and petroleum-based resin.[\[1\]](#cite_note-:5-1) Piñatex was developed by Carmen Hijosa and first presented at the PhD graduate exhibition at the [Royal College of Art](/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art "Royal College of Art"), London. Piñatex is manufactured and distributed by Hijosa's company Ananas Anam Ltd.[\[2\]](#cite_note-:0-2)

## Development

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Pi%C3%B1atex&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Development")\]

Piñatex's development began when Hijosa was working as consultant in the leather goods industry in the Philippines in the 1990s. She observed the leather produced there was poor quality, environmentally unsustainable and involved a hazardous production process for those working in the industry.[\[3\]](#cite_note-:2-3) Hijosa was inspired by the [barong tagalog](/wiki/Barong_tagalog "Barong tagalog"), a traditional Philippine garment worn untucked over an undershirt and made of pineapple fibers. She then spent seven years developing the product through a PhD at the Royal College of Art in London, and joint collaborations with [Bangor University](/wiki/Bangor_University "Bangor University") in Wales, Northampton Leather Technology Center, Leitat Technological Centre in Spain, alongside NonWoven Philippines Inc. in Manila, and Bonditex S.A., a textile finishing company in Spain.[\[3\]](#cite_note-:2-3)[\[4\]](#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](#cite_note-:3-5)

## Production

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Pi%C3%B1atex&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Production")\]

Piñatex is created by felting the long fibres from pineapple leaves together to create a non-woven substrate, with the addition of PLA (polylactic acid), a vegetable-based plastic material derived from [cornstarch](/wiki/Cornstarch "Cornstarch"), resulting in a base material of 80% pineapple leaf fibre and 20% PLA.[\[6\]](#cite_note-FAQ_2021-6) The material is then coated with a petroleum-based resin.[\[1\]](#cite_note-:5-1)[\[2\]](#cite_note-:0-2)[\[7\]](#cite_note-:1-7)

The production process uses waste pineapple leaves, as the pineapple industry globally produces 40,000 tonnes of waste leaves each year, which are usually left to rot or are burned.[\[2\]](#cite_note-:0-2) Approximately 480 leaves (the waste from 16 pineapple plants) are needed to create 1 square metre (11 sq ft) of material. The material uses the long leaf fibres which are separated by the pineapple farmers for additional income, the leftover biomass from the process can be used as a fertiliser.[\[7\]](#cite_note-:1-7)[\[5\]](#cite_note-:3-5)[\[2\]](#cite_note-:0-2) The production of Piñatex uses no additional water, pesticides or fertilizers, and avoids the use of heavy metallic salts used in the production of [chrome-tanned](/wiki/Chrome_tanning "Chrome tanning") leather.[\[2\]](#cite_note-:0-2)[\[3\]](#cite_note-:2-3)

- [![Decorticating pineapple leaves](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Making_Pi%C3%B1atex%2C_decorticating_pineapple_leaves.jpg/300px-Making_Pi%C3%B1atex%2C_decorticating_pineapple_leaves.jpg)](/wiki/File:Making_Pi%C3%B1atex,_decorticating_pineapple_leaves.jpg "Decorticating pineapple leaves")

Decorticating pineapple leaves

- [![After the fibre is decorticated and washed, the farmers hang it up to dry](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/After_the_fibre_from_the_pineapple_leaves_is_decorticated_and_washed_the_farmers_hang_it_up_to_dry.jpg/304px-After_the_fibre_from_the_pineapple_leaves_is_decorticated_and_washed_the_farmers_hang_it_up_to_dry.jpg)](/wiki/File:After_the_fibre_from_the_pineapple_leaves_is_decorticated_and_washed_the_farmers_hang_it_up_to_dry.jpg "After the fibre is decorticated and washed, the farmers hang it up to dry")

After the fibre is decorticated and washed, the farmers hang it up to dry


## Properties

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Pi%C3%B1atex&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Properties")\]

Piñatex is produced in a range of colours and finishes, including a textured surface and a metallic finish. It has been described as having a softer, more pliable, "leather-like" texture than other synthetic leathers.[\[8\]](#cite_note-:4-8)[\[9\]](#cite_note-9) It can also be cut, stitched, embossed and embroidered for different design uses.[\[5\]](#cite_note-:3-5) Because the substrate of Piñatex is 80% pineapple fibres and 20% PLA, it is not biodegradable.[\[1\]](#cite_note-:5-1)

## Sustainability

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Pi%C3%B1atex&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Sustainability")\]

Piñatex is not biodegradable.[\[1\]](#cite_note-:5-1) It is composed of a mixture of pineapple leaves, [PLA (Polylactic acid)](/wiki/Polylactic_acid "Polylactic acid"), and petroleum-based resins.[\[1\]](#cite_note-:5-1) PLA, also known as [bioplastic](/wiki/Bioplastic "Bioplastic"), is sourced from renewable resources and is commonly labeled 'biodegradable'. However, the [United Nations Environmental Programme](/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme "United Nations Environment Programme") issued a report in 2015 concluding, "The adoption of plastic products labelled as 'biodegradable' will not bring about a significant decrease either in the quantity of plastic entering the ocean or the risk of physical and chemical impacts on the marine environment, on the balance of current scientific evidence."[\[10\]](#cite_note-10)

## In manufactured goods

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Pi%C3%B1atex&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: In manufactured goods")\]

Piñatex has been used in the manufacture of products such as bags, shoes, wallets, watch bands, and seat covers, and is being further developed for use in clothing.[\[7\]](#cite_note-:1-7) Products have been produced by designer [Ally Capellino](/wiki/Ally_Capellino "Ally Capellino"), LIAN & LIV, Time IV Change, ROMBAUT, and Nae; prototypes have been created by [Puma](/wiki/Puma_SE "Puma SE") and Camper.[\[3\]](#cite_note-:2-3)[\[5\]](#cite_note-:3-5) Bourgeois Boheme, a vegan footwear label, uses Piñatex in their sandals.[\[8\]](#cite_note-:4-8)

## Recognition

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Pi%C3%B1atex&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Recognition")\]

In 2016, Piñatex won the [Arts Foundation UK](/w/index.php?title=Arts_Foundation_UK&action=edit&redlink=1 "Arts Foundation UK (page does not exist)") award for Material Innovation and in 2015 Dr Hijosa was finalists of the [Cartier Women's Initiative Awards](/wiki/Cartier_Women%27s_Initiative_Awards "Cartier Women's Initiative Awards").[\[11\]](#cite_note-11)[\[2\]](#cite_note-:0-2) Piñatex is a [PETA](/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals")-certified [vegan](/wiki/Veganism "Veganism") fashion label.[\[12\]](#cite_note-12)

Piñatex was highlighted in L.J.M. Owen's book, _[Egyptian Enigma](/wiki/Dr_Pimms,_Intermillennial_Sleuth "Dr Pimms, Intermillennial Sleuth")_. It was the featured fabric on a journal gifted to the main character, Dr. Elizabeth Pimms, by her sister Sam Pimms, an ardent vegetarian.

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Pi%C3%B1atex&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: References")\]

01. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-:5_1-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-:5_1-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-:5_1-2) [_**d**_](#cite_ref-:5_1-3) [_**e**_](#cite_ref-:5_1-4)["FAQs"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190321212617/https://www.ananas-anam.com/faqs/). _Piñatex_. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019. Piñatex substrate is made of natural fibres and polylactic acid fibres (PLA) which is 100% biodegradable. The resins we currently use for the coating are petroleum based and as such are currently not biodegradable.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( [link](/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL "Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL"))
02. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-:0_2-2) [_**d**_](#cite_ref-:0_2-3) [_**e**_](#cite_ref-:0_2-4) [_**f**_](#cite_ref-:0_2-5)["Leather alternative Piñatex is made from pineapple leaves"](http://www.dezeen.com/2016/06/09/pinatex-ananas-anam-vegan-leather-alternative-ethical-recycled-pineapple-leaves-sustainable-materials-design-camper/). _Dezeen_. 9 June 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
03. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-:2_3-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-:2_3-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-:2_3-2) [_**d**_](#cite_ref-:2_3-3)["This Gorgeous, Sustainable "Leather" Is Made From Pineapple Waste"](https://www.fastcoexist.com/3059190/this-gorgeous-sustainable-leather-is-made-from-pineapple-waste). 25 April 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
04. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**["Vegan Leather Made From Pineapples is Cruelty-Free and Biodegradable"](https://www.clearlyveg.com/blog/2016/02/27/vegan-leather-made-pineapples-cruelty-free-and-biodegradable). Retrieved 16 September 2016.
05. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-:3_5-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-:3_5-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-:3_5-2) [_**d**_](#cite_ref-:3_5-3)Hickey, Shane (21 December 2014). ["Wearable pineapple fibres could prove sustainable alternative to leather"](https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/dec/21/wearable-pineapple-leather-alternative). _The Guardian_. [ISSN](/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0261-3077](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). Retrieved 17 September 2016.
06. **[^](#cite_ref-FAQ_2021_6-0)**["FAQs"](https://www.ananas-anam.com/faqs/). [Archived](https://archive.today/20211103124920/https://www.ananas-anam.com/faqs/) from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
07. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-:1_7-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-:1_7-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-:1_7-2)["Leather alternative replaces animal hide with pineapple leaves \| Science! \| Geek.com"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160501011052/http://www.geek.com/science/leather-alternative-replaces-animal-hide-with-pineapple-leaves-1653287/). _@geekdotcom_. Archived from [the original](http://www.geek.com/science/leather-alternative-replaces-animal-hide-with-pineapple-leaves-1653287/) on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
08. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-:4_8-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-:4_8-1)Klein, Alice (16 June 2018). "Insight Vegan Clothes: What not to wear". _New Scientist_. **238** (3182): 22–23. [doi](/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)"): [10.1016/S0262-4079(18)31060-1](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0262-4079%2818%2931060-1). [S2CID](/wiki/S2CID_(identifier) "S2CID (identifier)") [126244422](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:126244422).
09. **[^](#cite_ref-9)**["Pinatex. Luxury items from pineapple waste"](https://archive.today/20210116170834/https://www.goodsmiths.org/pinatex/). _Goodsmiths_. 31 January 2019. Archived from [the original](https://www.goodsmiths.org/pinatex/) on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
10. **[^](#cite_ref-10)**Kershaw, Peter John (2015). [_Biodegradable Plastics & Marine Litter_](https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7468/-Biodegradable_Plastics_and_Marine_Litter_Misconceptions,_concerns_and_impacts_on_marine_environments-2015BiodegradablePlasticsAndMarineLitter.pdf.pdf)(PDF). United Nations Environment Programme. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-92-807-3494-2](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-807-3494-2 "Special:BookSources/978-92-807-3494-2").
11. **[^](#cite_ref-11)**["Carmen Hijosa \| Award Editions"](https://award-editions.cartierwomensinitiative.com/award-editions/2015/carmen-hijosa). _award-editions.cartierwomensinitiative.com_. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
12. **[^](#cite_ref-12)**["Our Company – ananas anam"](http://www.ananas-anam.com/about/). Retrieved 16 September 2016.

## External links

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- [Nylon](/wiki/Nylon "Nylon")
- [Olefin](/wiki/Olefin_fiber "Olefin fiber")
- [Polyester](/wiki/Polyester "Polyester")
- [Polyethylene](/wiki/Polyethylene "Polyethylene")
  - [UHMWPE](/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene "Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene")
- [Spandex](/wiki/Spandex "Spandex")
- [Vectran](/wiki/Vectran "Vectran")
- [Vinylon](/wiki/Vinylon "Vinylon")
- [Vinyon](/wiki/Vinyon "Vinyon")
- [Zylon](/wiki/Zylon "Zylon")

- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png)[Category](/wiki/Category:Fibers "Category:Fibers")
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- [Official website](http://www.ananas-anam.com/)
- [Reference Paper- PALF Processing, Mechanical Properties and Applications](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135983681932150X?dgcid=author)
- ["Review on mechanical properties evaluation of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) reinforced polymer composites"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333427618_Review_on_mechanical_properties_evaluation_of_pineapple_leaf_fibre_PALF_reinforced_polymer_composites)

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[Categories](/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):

- [Nonwoven fabrics](/wiki/Category:Nonwoven_fabrics "Category:Nonwoven fabrics")
- [Artificial leather](/wiki/Category:Artificial_leather "Category:Artificial leather")
- [Clothing industry](/wiki/Category:Clothing_industry "Category:Clothing industry")
- [British brands](/wiki/Category:British_brands "Category:British brands")
- [Manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom "Category:Manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom")
- [Pineapples](/wiki/Category:Pineapples "Category:Pineapples")

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- [EngvarB from October 2017](/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_October_2017 "Category:EngvarB from October 2017")
- [Use dmy dates from October 2017](/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2017 "Category:Use dmy dates from October 2017")
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- [Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia](/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia "Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia")

- This page was last edited on 2 September 2024, at 11:59 (UTC).
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