Najważniejsze misje kosmiczne w 2023 roku - Focus.pl
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Starship
Chociaż firma SpaceX nie ogłosiła jeszcze żadnej konkretnej daty, pierwszy orbitalny lot testowy statku <anchor>Starship</anchor> jest planowany na początek 2023 r. Będzie to ważny moment w kontekście przyszłych badań kosmosu, gdyż Starship ma być największym statkiem kosmicznym zdolnym do transportu ludzi z Ziemi do “miejsc przeznaczenia” w przestrzeni kosmicznej. Będzie to najpotężniejsza rakieta nośna, jaka kiedykolwiek wydostała się poza Ziemię.
SpaceX - Starship
SpaceX - Starship

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# Starship

Service to Earth Orbit, Moon, Mars and Beyond

## Starship Overview

SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy rocket – collectively referred to as Starship –
represent a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth
orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Starship is the world’s most powerful launch vehicle
ever developed, capable of carrying up to 150 metric tonnes fully reusable and 250 metric tonnes
expendable.


HEIGHT121 m / 397 ftDIAMETER9 m / 29.5 ftPAYLOAD CAPACITY100 – 150 t (fully reusable)

## STARSHIP

Starship is the fully reusable spacecraft and second stage of the Starship system. The vehicle
comes in several different configurations, offers an integrated payload section and is capable
of carrying crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Starship is also capable
of point-to-point transport on Earth, enabling travel to anywhere in the world in one hour or less.


HEIGHT50 m / 165 ftDIAMETER9 m / 29.5 ftPROPELLANT CAPACITY1,200 t / 2.6 MlbTHRUST1,500 tf / 3.3MlbfPAYLOAD CAPACITY100 - 150 t

## SUPER HEAVY

Super Heavy is the first stage, or booster, of the Starship launch system. Powered by 33 Raptor
engines using sub-cooled liquid methane (CH4) and liquid oxygen (LOX), Super Heavy is fully reusable
and will re-enter Earth’s atmosphere to land back at the launch site.


HEIGHT71 m / 232 ftDIAMETER9 m / 29.5 ftPROPELLANT CAPACITY3,400 t / 7.5 MlbTHRUST7,590 tf / 16.7 Mlbf

## RAPTOR ENGINES

Raptor
\|

Raptor Vacuum (RVac)


The Raptor engine is a reusable methane-oxygen staged-combustion engine that powers the Starship
system and has twice the thrust of the Falcon 9 Merlin engine. Starship will be powered by six
engines, three Raptor engines, and three Raptor Vacuum (RVac) engines, which are designed for
use in the vacuum of space. Super Heavy will be powered by 33 Raptor engines, with 13 in the
center and the remaining 20 around the perimeter of the booster’s aft end.


DIAMETER1.3 m / 4.2 ftHEIGHT3.1 m / 10.2 ftTHRUST230 tf / 507 klbf

Raptor Vacuum (RVac) is a similar design to the Raptor engine, but features a larger exhaust
section and a larger expansion nozzle to maximize the engine’s efficiency in space. Three RVacs
will power Starship in addition to three Raptor engines.


DIAMETER2.3 m / 7.5 ftHEIGHT4.6 m / 15.1 ftTHRUST258 tf / 568 klbf

## Starship Capabilities

As the most powerful launch system ever developed, Starship will be able to carry up to 100 people
on long-duration, interplanetary flights. Starship will also help enable satellite delivery, the
development of a Moon base, and point-to-point transport here on Earth.


## Payload Delivery

Starship is designed to deliver payloads farther and at a lower marginal cost per launch than
our current Falcon vehicles. With a payload compartment larger than any fairing currently in
operation or development, Starship will enable transport of many satellites, large space
telescopes, and significant amounts of cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond.


## Moon Missions

Developing a Moon base to support future space exploration requires the transport of large amounts of cargo to the surface of the
Moon. Starship is designed to carry these building blocks, further enabling research and human spaceflight development. SpaceX is
providing the lunar lander which will return astronauts to the Moon’s surface for the first time in 50 years under NASA's Artemis
missions.


## Interplanetary Transportation

Building cities on Mars will require affordable delivery of significant quantities of cargo and
crew. The fully reusable Starship system uses on-orbit propellent transfer to enable the transport
of up to 100 people to Mars or other distant destinations.


## Earth-to-Earth Transportation

Imagine traveling to anywhere in the world in an hour or less. With Starship and Super Heavy, most international trips could be completed in under 30 minutes. In addition to vastly
increased speed, one great benefit to traveling outside of Earth’s atmosphere is the lack of
friction as well as turbulence and weather.


## ON-ORBIT REFILLING

Starship leverages tanker vehicles (essentially the Starship spacecraft minus the windows) to refill the
Starship spacecraft in low-Earth orbit prior to departing for Mars. Refilling on-orbit enables the
transport of up to 100 tons all the way to Mars. And if the tanker ship has high reuse capability,
the primary cost is just that of the oxygen and methane, which is extremely low.


## Starbase

Development and manufacturing of Starship takes place at Starbase, one of the world’s
first commercial spaceports designed for orbital missions.


[Watch Video](https://youtu.be/KQBVOQ79G2s)

[Learn More About Starbase](/vehicles/starship/assets/media/Starbase Overview.pdf)

For inquiries about Starship and our human spaceflight program, contact [sales@spacex.com](mailto:sales@spacex.com)

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