Impresjonizm i inne kierunki | Europeana
Ruch ten zyskał miano impresjonizmu, po tym jak obraz Moneta Impresja, wschód słońca z 1872 roku, wystawiony w 1874 roku został nieprzychylnie przyjęty przez ...
nieprzychylnie przyjęty
Począwszy od lat 40. XIX wieku malowanie w plenerze (na świeżym powietrzu), poza pracownią, stało się łatwiejsze dzięki pojawieniu się przenośnych sztalug i farb olejnych w tubkach, które umożliwiły artystom dotarcie do dowolnie wybranych miejsc. Na początku lat 60. XIX stulecia z tej większej elastyczności korzystała grupa malarzy, w tym Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley i Pierre-Auguste Renoir, którzy bezpośrednio w plenerze malowali scenki ze współczesnego życia i pejzaże, a nie historyczne i alegoryczne tematy faworyzowane przez Académie des Beaux-Arts. Ruch ten zyskał miano impresjonizmu, po tym jak obraz Moneta Impresja, wschód słońca z 1872 roku, wystawiony w 1874 roku został <anchor>nieprzychylnie przyjęty</anchor> przez krytyka sztuki Louisa Leroya. Więcej na temat impresjonizmu można dowiedzieć się, odwiedzając internetowe zbiory Metropolitan Museum of Art Impressionism: Art and Modernity.
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# Exhibition of the Impressionists

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Exhibition of the Impressionists

by [Louis Leroy](/wiki/Author:Louis_Leroy "Author:Louis Leroy")

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Leroy's review was printed in _Le Charivari_ on 25 April 1874 with the title **The Exhibition of the Impressionists**. The term was taken from Claude Monet's painting "Impression: soleil levant". Leroy's article took the form of a dialogue between two sceptical viewers of the work:

_Impression I was certain of it. I was just telling myself that, since I was impressed, there had to be some impression in it — and what freedom, what ease of workmanship! A preliminary drawing for a wallpaper pattern is more finished than this seascape._

The show (Exposition des Impressionnistes) was held in the salon of the photographer Nadar and organized by the Société anonyme des peintres, sculpteurs et graveurs (Anonymous society of painters, sculptors and engravers), composed of Pissarro, Monet, Sisley, Degas, Renoir, Cézanne, Guillaumin and Berthe Morisot.

The term was subsequently adopted by the artists themselves and has now become the name of one of the most influential art movements in history, while Leroy is only remembered for having used it.

66943Exhibition of the ImpressionistsLouis Leroy

Oh, it was indeed a strenuous day ... when I ventured into the first exhibition on the boulevard des Capucines in the company of M. Joseph Vincent, landscape painter, pupil of \[the academic master\] Bertin, recipient of medals and decorations under several governments! The rash man had come there without suspecting anything; he thought that he would see the kind of painting one sees everywhere, good and bad, rather bad than good, but not hostile to good artistic manners, devotion to form, and respect for the masters. Oh, form! Oh, the masters! We don't want them any more, my poor fellow! We've changed all that.

Upon entering the first room, Joseph Vincent received an initial shock in front of the _Dancer_ by M. Renoir.

"What a pity," he said to me, "that the painter, who has a certain understanding of color, doesn't draw better; his dancer's legs are as cottony as the gauze of her skirts."

"I find you hard on him," I replied. "On the contrary, the drawing is very tight."

Bertin's pupil, believing that I was being ironical, contented himself with shrugging his shoulders, not taking the trouble to answer. Then, very quietly, with my most naive air, I led him before the _Ploughed Field_ of M. Pissarro. At the sight of this astounding landscape, the good man thought that the lenses of his spectacles were dirty. He wiped them carefully and replaced them on his nose.

"By Michalon!" he cried. "What on earth is that?"

"You see ... a hoarfrost on deeply ploughed furrows."

"Those furrows? That frost? But they are palette-scrapings placed uniformly on a dirty canvas. It has neither head nor tail, top nor bottom, front nor back."

"Perhaps ... but the impression is there."

"Well, it's a funny impression! Oh ... and this?"

" _An Orchard_ by M. Sisley. I'd like to point out the small tree on the right; it's gay, but the impression ... "

"Leave me alone, now, with your impression ... it's neither here nor there. But here we have a _View of Melun_ by M. Rouart, in which there's something to the water. The shadow in the foreground, for instance, is really peculiar."

"It's the vibration of tone which astonishes you."

"Call it sloppiness of tone and I'd understand you better – Oh, Corot, Corot, what crimes are committed in your name! It was you who brought into fashion this messy composition, these thin washes, these mudsplashes in front of which the art lover has been rebelling for thirty years and which he has accepted only because constrained and forced to it by your tranquil stubbornness. Once again, a drop of water has worn away the stone!"

The poor man rambled on this way quite peacefully, and nothing led me to anticipate the unfortunate accident which was to be the result of his visit to this hair-raising exhibition. He even sustained, without major injury, viewing the _Fishing Boats Leaving the Harbor_ by M. Claude Monet, perhaps because I tore him away from dangerous contemplation of this work before the small, noxious figures in the foreground could produce their effect.

Unfortunately, I was imprudent enough to leave him too long in front of the _Boulevard des Capucines_, by the same painter.

"Ah-ha!" he sneered in Mephistophelian manner. "Is that brilliant enough, now! There's impression, or I don't know what it means. Only be so good as to tell me what those innumerable black tongue-lickings in the lower part of the picture represent?"

"Why, those are people walking along," I replied.

"Then do I look like that when I'm walking along the boulevard des Capucines? Blood and thunder! So you're making fun of me at last?"

"I assure you, M. Vincent. ... "

"But those spots were obtained by the same method as that used to imitate marble: a bit here, a bit there, slapdash, any old way. It's unheard of, appalling! I'll get a stroke from it, for sure."

I attempted to calm him by showing him the _St. Denis Canal_ by M. Lépine and the Butte Montmartre by M. Ottin, both quite delicate in tone; but fate was strongest of all: the _Cabbages_ of M. Pissarro stopped him as he was passing by and from red he became scarlet.

"Those are cabbages," I told him in a gently persuasive voice.

"Oh, the poor wretches, aren't they caricatured! I swear not to eat any more as long as I live!"

"Yet it's not their fault if the painter ... "

"Be quiet, or I'll do something terrible."

Suddenly he gave a loud cry upon catching sight of the _Maison du pendu_ by M. Paul Cézanne. The stupendous impasto of this little jewel accomplished the work begun by the _Boulevard des Capucines_; _père_ Vincent became delirious.

At first his madness was fairly mild. Taking the point of view of the impressionists, he let himself go along their lines: "Boudin has some talent," he remarked to me before a beach scene by that artist; "but why does he fiddle so with his marines?"

"Oh, you consider his painting too finished?"

"Unquestionably. Now take Mlle. Morisot! That young lady is not interested in reproducing trifling details. When she has a hand to paint she makes exactly as many brushstrokes lengthwise as there are fingers and the business is done. Stupid people who are finicky about the drawing of a hand don't understand a thing about impressionism, and great Manet would chase them out of his republic."

"Then M. Renoir is following the proper path; there is nothing superfluous in his _Harvesters_. I might almost say that his figures ... "

" ... are even too finished."

"Oh, M. Vincent! But do look at those three strips of color, which are supposed to represent a man in the midst of the wheat!"

"There are two too many; one would be enough."

I glanced at Bertin's pupil; his countenance was turning a deep red. A catastrophe seemed to me imminent, and it was reserved to M. Monet to contribute the last straw.

"Ah, there he is, there he is!" he cried, in front of No. 98. "1 recognize him, papa Vincent's favorite! What does that canvas depict? Look at the catalogue."

" _Impression, Sunrise_."

" _Impression_ – I was certain of it. I was just telling myself that, since I was impressed, there had to be some impression in it ... and what freedom, what ease of workmanship! Wallpaper in its embryonic state is more finished than that seascape."

In vain I sought to revive his expiring reason ... but the horrible fascinated him. _The Laundress_, so badly laundered, of M. Degas drove him to cries of admiration. Sisley himself appeared to him affected and precious. To indulge his insanity and out of fear of irritating him, I looked for what was tolerable among the impressionist pictures, and I acknowledged without too much difficulty that the bread, grapes, and chair of _Breakfast_, by M. Monet, were good bits of painting. But he rejected these concessions.

"No, no!" he cried. "Monet is weakening there. He is sacrificing to the false gods of Meissonier. Too finished, too finished! Talk to me of the _Modern Olympia_! That's something well done."

Alas, go and look at it! A woman folded in two from whom a Negro girl is removing the last veil in order to offer her in all her ugliness to the charmed gaze of a brown puppet. Do you remember the _Olympia_ of M. Manet? Well, that was a masterpiece of drawing, accuracy, finish, compared with the one by M. Cézanne.

Finally, the pitcher ran over. The classic skull of _père_ Vincent, assailed from too many sides, went completely to pieces. He paused before the municipal guard who watches over all these treasures and, taking him to be a portrait, began for my benefit a very emphatic criticism.

“Is he ugly enough?" he remarked, shrugging his shoulders. "From the front, he has two eyes ... and a nose ... and a mouth! Impressionists wouldn't have thus sacrificed to detail. With what the painter has expended in the way of useless things, Monet would have done twenty municipal guards!"

"Keep moving, will you!" said the "portrait."

"You hear him-he even talks! The poor fool who daubed at him must have spent a lot of time at it!"

And in order to give the appropriate seriousness to his theory of aesthetics, _père_ Vincent began to dance the scalp dance in front of the bewildered guard, crying in a strangled voice: "Hi-ho! I am impression on the march, the avenging palette knife, the _Boulevard des Capucines_ of Monet, the _Maison du pendu_ and the _Modern Olympia_ of Cèzanne. Hi-ho! Hi-ho!"

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