Beginner's Mind - Eend
Een belangrijk concept in het Zen Boeddhisme is Shoshin, Beginner's Mind. Het is een manier van kijken naar de wereld die ook heel ...
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Op <anchor>wikipedia</anchor> wordt Beginner’s Mind zó uitgelegd: “an attitude of openness, eagerness, and lack of preconceptions when studying a subject, even when studying at an advanced level, just as a beginner would.”
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# _Shoshin_

8 languages

- [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshin "Shoshin – Asturian")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD "Шошин – Bulgarian")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Zen Buddhism concept of the beginner's mind

In Buddhism, Zen, or Zen Buddhism, is a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism that began to develop in the 5th century in mainland China. From mainland China, Zen became established as a sect and spread to Korea, Japan, and elsewhere. The various branches of this lineage are collectively known as Zen Buddhism, and the Buddhist religion of this lineage is known as Zen Buddhism.
_**Shoshin**_ ( [Japanese](/wiki/Japanese_language "Japanese language"): 初心) is a concept from [Zen Buddhism](/wiki/Zen_Buddhism "Zen Buddhism") meaning **beginner's mind**. It refers to having an attitude of openness, eagerness, and lack of preconceptions when studying, even at an advanced level, just as a beginner would. The term is especially used in the study of [Zen Buddhism](/wiki/Zen_Buddhism "Zen Buddhism") and [Japanese martial arts](/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts "Japanese martial arts"),[\[1\]](#cite_note-1) and was popularized outside of Japan by [Shunryū Suzuki](/wiki/Shunry%C5%AB_Suzuki "Shunryū Suzuki")'s 1970 book _[Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind](/wiki/Zen_Mind,_Beginner%27s_Mind "Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind")_.

The practice of _shoshin_ acts as a counter to the hubris and closed-mindedness often associated with thinking of oneself as an expert.[\[2\]](#cite_note-jarrett-2) This includes the [Einstellung effect](/wiki/Einstellung_effect "Einstellung effect"), where a person becomes so accustomed to a certain way of doing things that they do not consider or acknowledge new ideas or approaches.[\[3\]](#cite_note-skillicorn-3) The word _shoshin_ is a combination of _sho_ (Japanese: 初), meaning "beginner" or "initial", and _shin_ (Japanese: 心), meaning "mind".[\[4\]](#cite_note-ray-4)

## History

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Shoshin&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: History")\]

The concept was taught in the thirteenth century by [Dōgen Zenji](/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen "Dōgen"), the founder of the [Sōtō Zen](/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D "Sōtō") school of Buddhism.[\[4\]](#cite_note-ray-4)[\[5\]](#cite_note-suzuki-5): 14 _Shoshin_ is discussed in his collected works, the _[Shōbōgenzō](/wiki/Sh%C5%8Db%C5%8Dgenz%C5%8D "Shōbōgenzō")_.[\[6\]](#cite_note-nishijima2-6)[\[7\]](#cite_note-nishijima4-7) _Shoshin_ was popularized outside of Japan by the 1970 book _[Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind](/wiki/Zen_Mind,_Beginner%27s_Mind "Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind")_ by [Shunryū Suzuki](/wiki/Shunry%C5%AB_Suzuki "Shunryū Suzuki"), a Zen teacher.[\[4\]](#cite_note-ray-4) Suzuki outlines the framework behind _shoshin_, noting that "in the beginner's mind there are many possibilities, but in the expert's mind there are few"[\[5\]](#cite_note-suzuki-5): 21  which has become a popular quote when discussing _shoshin_.[\[4\]](#cite_note-ray-4)[\[8\]](#cite_note-jalona-8)[\[9\]](#cite_note-mcneilly-9)

_Shoshin wasuru bekarazu_ (or sometimes variously _Shoshin wo wasuru bekarazu_[\[10\]](#cite_note-zeami-10)) is a Japanese proverb about _shoshin_ coined by Japanese playwright [Zeami](/wiki/Zeami_Motokiyo "Zeami Motokiyo") in 1424.[\[11\]](#cite_note-idaho-11)[\[10\]](#cite_note-zeami-10) The phrase is typically translated into English as some variation of "never forget the beginner's mind"[\[12\]](#cite_note-cleary-12)[\[13\]](#cite_note-shimabukuro-13) or "never forget your original intent"[\[10\]](#cite_note-zeami-10) and persists as a common proverb amongst practitioners of _[Budō](/wiki/Bud%C5%8D "Budō")_[\[13\]](#cite_note-shimabukuro-13) and in Japanese business and entrepreneurship.[\[14\]](#cite_note-shimazaki-14) The concept of _shoshin_ is seen in works such as the eighteenth century book _Budôshoshinshû_ by [Daidōji Yūzan](/wiki/Daid%C5%8Dji_Y%C5%ABzan "Daidōji Yūzan"), which is a collection of works about _[Bushidō](/wiki/Bushid%C5%8D "Bushidō")_ and the warrior class in [Tokugawa-period](/wiki/Tokugawa_period "Tokugawa period") Japan.[\[15\]](#cite_note-columbia-15) The word _shoshin_ within the title refers to the concept of the beginner's mind.[\[12\]](#cite_note-cleary-12)

## Other uses

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Shoshin&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Other uses")\]

The concept of _shoshin_ is used in the art of [Japanese calligraphy](/wiki/Japanese_calligraphy "Japanese calligraphy") in the context of Zen, where each stroke is made as though the calligrapher were a beginner to the art.[\[5\]](#cite_note-suzuki-5): 14  In Japanese calligraphy _shoshin_ is not an aesthetic choice, but rather a state of mind of the practitioner, one that addresses and counters the paradox within calligraphy where the more one practices, the more the quality of the calligraphy may suffer.[\[16\]](#cite_note-16)

_Shoshin_ is described as the first of the states of mind or stages of _[Budō](/wiki/Bud%C5%8D "Budō")_.[\[17\]](#cite_note-chiba-17) _Shoshin_ (beginner's mind) is followed by _[Mushin](/wiki/Mushin_(mental_state) "Mushin (mental state)")_ (empty mind), _[Fudōshin](/wiki/Fud%C5%8Dshin "Fudōshin")_ (immovable mind), and _[Zanshin](/wiki/Zanshin "Zanshin")_ (remaining mind).[\[18\]](#cite_note-sorkun-18) A fifth state is sometimes also added as _Senshin_ (enlightened mind).[\[19\]](#cite_note-sanders-19) In _Budō_ the practitioner is advised to retain _shoshin_ throughout their training and practice of the martial arts; it is not reserved only for those beginning to practice but is maintained even when reaching the higher levels of mastery.[\[17\]](#cite_note-chiba-17) _Shoshin-sha_ is a term used in martial arts to indicate a novice.[\[12\]](#cite_note-cleary-12)

_Shoshin_ is an influence on the [Japanese Metabolism](/wiki/Metabolism_(architecture) "Metabolism (architecture)") style of architecture, which incorporates concepts from Zen Buddhism and other Asian philosophical traditions into the architectural process and allows those concepts to help shape the design process.[\[20\]](#cite_note-steele-20) Many businesses and people who work in the field of business have adopted or advocate for practicing the concept of _shoshin_ in the business environment,[\[21\]](#cite_note-wesolowski-21)[\[8\]](#cite_note-jalona-8)[\[9\]](#cite_note-mcneilly-9) including top executives such as [Apple Inc.](/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.")'s founder and CEO [Steve Jobs](/wiki/Steve_Jobs "Steve Jobs"), and [Salesforce](/wiki/Salesforce "Salesforce") CEO [Marc Benioff](/wiki/Marc_Benioff "Marc Benioff").[\[22\]](#cite_note-linecker-22) It is also used or proposed as a way of general living[\[23\]](#cite_note-balasubramanian-23) or a way to approach specific fields of life including [social work](/wiki/Social_work "Social work"),[\[24\]](#cite_note-soule-24) medical care,[\[25\]](#cite_note-younie-25) teaching,[\[26\]](#cite_note-kochhar-lindgren-26) computer programming,[\[27\]](#cite_note-belshee-27) gardening,[\[28\]](#cite_note-gander-28) sports,[\[29\]](#cite_note-whiting-29) and dealing with chronic diseases such as [phenylketonuria](/wiki/Phenylketonuria "Phenylketonuria").[\[30\]](#cite_note-murphy-30)

## See also

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Shoshin&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: See also")\]

- _[Kenshō](/wiki/Kensh%C5%8D "Kenshō")_
- _[Samyama](/wiki/Samyama "Samyama")_
- _[Satori](/wiki/Satori "Satori")_
- [Curse of knowledge](/wiki/Curse_of_knowledge "Curse of knowledge")
- [Beginner's luck](/wiki/Beginner%27s_luck "Beginner's luck")

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Shoshin&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: References")\]

01. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**[Shoshin](https://books.google.com/books?id=mqTP18US1asC&pg=PA656) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20141111053337/http://books.google.fr/books?id=mqTP18US1asC&pg=PA656&lpg=PA656) November 11, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") sur _Encyclopédie technique, historique, biographique et culturelle des arts martiaux_, 2004.
02. **[^](#cite_ref-jarrett_2-0)**Jarrett, Christian (May 18, 2020). ["How to foster 'shoshin'"](https://psyche.co/guides/how-to-cultivate-shoshin-or-a-beginners-mind). _[Psyche](/wiki/Aeon_(magazine) "Aeon (magazine)")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220513021223/https://psyche.co/guides/how-to-cultivate-shoshin-or-a-beginners-mind) from the original on May 13, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
03. **[^](#cite_ref-skillicorn_3-0)**Skillicorn, Nick (December 14, 2021). ["Shoshin: The Beginner's Mind"](https://www.ideatovalue.com/insp/nickskillicorn/2021/12/shoshin-the-beginners-mind/). _IdeaToValue.com_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211214161030/https://www.ideatovalue.com/insp/nickskillicorn/2021/12/shoshin-the-beginners-mind/) from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
04. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-ray_4-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-ray_4-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-ray_4-2) [_**d**_](#cite_ref-ray_4-3)Ray, Debika (March 7, 2017). ["Word: Shoshin"](https://www.kinfolk.com/word-shoshin/). _[Kinfolk](/wiki/Kinfolk_(magazine) "Kinfolk (magazine)")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210405014544/https://www.kinfolk.com/word-shoshin/) from the original on April 5, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
05. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-suzuki_5-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-suzuki_5-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-suzuki_5-2)Suzuki, Shunryū (1970). [_Zen mind, beginner's mind_](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/136259) (First ed.). New York: [Weatherhill](/wiki/Weatherhill "Weatherhill"). [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-8348-0079-9](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8348-0079-9 "Special:BookSources/0-8348-0079-9"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [136259](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/136259). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912022946/https://www.worldcat.org/title/136259) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
06. **[^](#cite_ref-nishijima2_6-0)**Dōgen (1996). [_Master Dogen's Shobogenzo Book 2_](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63205823). Translated by Nishijima, Gudo; Cross, Chodo. Windbell Publications. p. 103. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [1-4196-3820-3](/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4196-3820-3 "Special:BookSources/1-4196-3820-3"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [141383090](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/141383090). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912022906/https://www.worldcat.org/title/63205823) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
07. **[^](#cite_ref-nishijima4_7-0)**Dōgen (1999). [_Master Dogen's Shobogenzo Book 4_](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/141383090). Translated by Nishijima, Gudo; Cross, Chodo. Windbell Publications. p. 31. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [1-4196-3821-1](/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4196-3821-1 "Special:BookSources/1-4196-3821-1"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [141383090](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/141383090). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912022908/https://www.worldcat.org/title/141383090) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
08. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-jalona_8-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-jalona_8-1)Jalona, Sanjay. ["How The Shoshin Approach To Business Can Spur Innovative Solutions"](https://chiefexecutive.net/shoshin-approach-business-can-spur-innovative-solutions/). _[Chief Executive](/wiki/Chief_Executive_(magazine) "Chief Executive (magazine)")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211016013854/https://chiefexecutive.net/shoshin-approach-business-can-spur-innovative-solutions/) from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
09. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-mcneilly_9-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-mcneilly_9-1)McNeilly, Mark (May 1, 2013). ["How Your Own Expertise Is Holding You Back"](https://www.fastcompany.com/3009020/how-your-own-expertise-is-holding-you-back). _[Fast Company](/wiki/Fast_Company "Fast Company")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210118150319/https://www.fastcompany.com/3009020/how-your-own-expertise-is-holding-you-back) from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
10. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-zeami_10-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-zeami_10-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-zeami_10-2)Zeami (2008). [_Zeami, performance notes_](https://books.google.com/books?id=EQVyBD7__74C&dq=Shoshin+wasuru+bekarazu+zeami&pg=PA467). Translated by Hare, Tom. New York: [Columbia University Press](/wiki/Columbia_University_Press "Columbia University Press"). p. 467. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-231-13958-8](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13958-8 "Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13958-8"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [171613927](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/171613927). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912022911/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Zeami/EQVyBD7__74C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Shoshin+wasuru+bekarazu+zeami&pg=PA467&printsec=frontcover) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
11. **[^](#cite_ref-idaho_11-0)**["A Mirror Held to the Flower (1424)"](https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/play_analysis/zeami_motokiyo.htm). _[University of Idaho](/wiki/University_of_Idaho "University of Idaho")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912022916/https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/play_analysis/zeami_motokiyo.htm) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
12. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-cleary_12-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-cleary_12-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-cleary_12-2)Cleary, Thomas (2011). [_Code of the Samurai : a Modern Translation of the Bushido Shoshinshu of Taira Shigesuke_](https://books.google.com/books?id=UPfPAgAAQBAJ). New York: [Tuttle Publishing](/wiki/Tuttle_Publishing "Tuttle Publishing"). [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-4629-0042-8](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4629-0042-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-4629-0042-8"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [741492431](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/741492431). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912022944/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Code_of_the_Samurai/UPfPAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
13. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-shimabukuro_13-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-shimabukuro_13-1)Shimabukuro, Masayuki (2022). [_Karate As the Art of Killing A Study of Its Deadly Origins, Ideology of Peace, and the Techniques of Shito-Ry U._](https://books.google.com/books?id=nSk_EAAAQBAJ) New York: North Atlantic Books. p. 76. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-62317-662-4](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62317-662-4 "Special:BookSources/978-1-62317-662-4"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [1317333110](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1317333110). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912022925/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Karate_as_the_Art_of_Killing/nSk_EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
14. **[^](#cite_ref-shimazaki_14-0)**Shimazaki, H. T. (2018). [_Vision in Japanese Entrepreneurship : the Evolution of a Security Enterprise_](https://books.google.com/books?id=Mfl0DwAAQBAJ). Milton: [Taylor & Francis](/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis "Taylor & Francis"). [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-429-78768-3](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-78768-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-429-78768-3"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [1064824441](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1064824441). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912022920/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Vision_in_Japanese_Entrepreneurship/Mfl0DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
15. **[^](#cite_ref-columbia_15-0)**["Budôshoshinshû by Daidôji Yûzan"](http://www.columbia.edu/~hds2/chushinguranew/Bushido/budo-shoshinshu.htm). _[Columbia University](/wiki/Columbia_University "Columbia University")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170716164712/http://www.columbia.edu/~hds2/chushinguranew/Bushido/budo-shoshinshu.htm) from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
16. **[^](#cite_ref-16)**Davey, H. E. (2007). [_The Japanese way of the artist_](https://books.google.com/books?id=IVbL90kN2DsC&q=shoshin). Berkeley, CA: [Stone Bridge Press](/wiki/Stone_Bridge_Press "Stone Bridge Press"). [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-61172-538-4](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61172-538-4 "Special:BookSources/978-1-61172-538-4"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [795120022](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/795120022). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912022947/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Japanese_Way_of_the_Artist/IVbL90kN2DsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=shoshin) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
17. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-chiba_17-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-chiba_17-1)Chiba, T.K. (1989). ["Structure of Shu, Ha, Ri, and Penetration of Shoshin"](https://web.archive.org/web/20030219063843/http://www.aikidoonline.com/Archives/2001/mar/feat_0301_tkc.html). _Sansho_. **6** (2). Archived from [the original](http://www.aikidoonline.com/Archives/2001/mar/feat_0301_tkc.html) on February 19, 2003. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
18. **[^](#cite_ref-sorkun_18-0)**Sorkun, Murat Cihan (June 23, 2019). ["States Of Mind In Budo: Shoshin, Mushin, Fudoshin, And Zanshin"](https://www.eindhovenaikido.com/states-of-mind-in-budo-shosin-mushin-fudoshin-and-zanshin/). _Eindhoven Aikido College_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211028085536/https://www.eindhovenaikido.com/states-of-mind-in-budo-shosin-mushin-fudoshin-and-zanshin/) from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
19. **[^](#cite_ref-sanders_19-0)**Sanders, Bodhi (December 30, 2015). ["Bushido – The Five Spirits of Budo"](https://thewisdomwarrior.com/2015/12/30/bushido-the-five-spirits-of-budo/). _TheWisdomWarrior.com_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160513025914/http://thewisdomwarrior.com/2015/12/30/bushido-the-five-spirits-of-budo/) from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
20. **[^](#cite_ref-steele_20-0)**Steele, James (2017). [_Contemporary Japanese architecture : tracing the next generation_](https://books.google.com/books?id=6C0lDwAAQBAJ). London: [Taylor & Francis](/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis "Taylor & Francis"). p. 98. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-138-94124-3](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-94124-3 "Special:BookSources/978-1-138-94124-3"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [956633931](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/956633931). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220912023013/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Contemporary_Japanese_Architecture/6C0lDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0) from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
21. **[^](#cite_ref-wesolowski_21-0)**Wesolowski, Sébastien (November 30, 2021). ["Shoshin and the power of being an eternal beginner in the workplace"](https://www.welcometothejungle.com/en/articles/shoshin-power-eternal-beginner). _Welcome to the Jungle_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211202071600/https://www.welcometothejungle.com/en/articles/shoshin-power-eternal-beginner) from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
22. **[^](#cite_ref-linecker_22-0)**Linecker, Adelia Cellini (April 24, 2020). ["Practice Beginner's Mind To Unlock Breakthrough Ideas"](https://www.investors.com/news/management/leaders-and-success/beginners-mind-unlock-innovative-solutions/). _[Investor's Business Daily](/wiki/Investor%27s_Business_Daily "Investor's Business Daily")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220405123009/https://www.investors.com/news/management/leaders-and-success/beginners-mind-unlock-innovative-solutions/) from the original on April 5, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
23. **[^](#cite_ref-balasubramanian_23-0)**Balasubramanian, Saumya (February 2, 2019). ["The art and charm of shoshin"](https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/the-art-and-charm-of-shoshin/article26162281.ece). _[The Hindu](/wiki/The_Hindu "The Hindu")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201108040031/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/the-art-and-charm-of-shoshin/article26162281.ece) from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
24. **[^](#cite_ref-soule_24-0)**Soule, Jennifer (2014). ["Beginner's Mind"](https://reflectionsnarrativesofprofessionalhelping.org/index.php/Reflections/article/view/993). _Reflections: Narratives of Professional Helping_. **13** (2): 50–55. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210416104809/https://reflectionsnarrativesofprofessionalhelping.org/index.php/Reflections/article/view/993) from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
25. **[^](#cite_ref-younie_25-0)**Younie, Louise (November 2, 2017). ["Beginner's mind"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5694793). _London Journal of Primary Care_. **9** (6): 83–85. [doi](/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)"): [10.1080/17571472.2017.1370768](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17571472.2017.1370768). [ISSN](/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [1757-1472](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1757-1472). [PMC](/wiki/PMC_(identifier) "PMC (identifier)") [5694793](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5694793). [PMID](/wiki/PMID_(identifier) "PMID (identifier)") [29181090](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29181090).
26. **[^](#cite_ref-kochhar-lindgren_26-0)**Kochhar-Lindgren, Gary (2001). ["Beginner's Mind: Opening the Open in the Classroom"](https://muse.jhu.edu/article/26348). _Pedagogy_. **1** (2): 410–415. [doi](/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)"): [10.1215/15314200-1-2-410](https://doi.org/10.1215%2F15314200-1-2-410). [S2CID](/wiki/S2CID_(identifier) "S2CID (identifier)") [144031049](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144031049).
27. **[^](#cite_ref-belshee_27-0)**Belshee, A. (2005). ["Promiscuous pairing and beginner's mind: Embrace inexperience \[agile programming\]"](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1609811). _Agile Development Conference (ADC'05)_. Denver, CO, USA: IEEE Comput. Soc. pp. 125–131. [doi](/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)"): [10.1109/ADC.2005.37](https://doi.org/10.1109%2FADC.2005.37). [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7695-2487-0](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7695-2487-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7695-2487-0"). [S2CID](/wiki/S2CID_(identifier) "S2CID (identifier)") [1536146](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1536146). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220704055659/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1609811/) from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
28. **[^](#cite_ref-gander_28-0)**Gander, Kashmira (April 8, 2019). ["What Is the Shoshin Approach? Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's Zen Gardening Post Prompts Mostly Positive Response—For a Change"](https://www.newsweek.com/shoshin-approach-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-zen-gardening-post-1388516). _[Newsweek](/wiki/Newsweek "Newsweek")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201121062731/https://www.newsweek.com/shoshin-approach-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-zen-gardening-post-1388516) from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
29. **[^](#cite_ref-whiting_29-0)**Whiting, Kate (October 30, 2019). ["This Japanese concept will help you see the world – and learn – in a different way"](https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/japan-beginner-learning-shoshin/). _[World Economic Forum](/wiki/World_Economic_Forum "World Economic Forum")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220608201419/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/japan-beginner-learning-shoshin) from the original on June 8, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
30. **[^](#cite_ref-murphy_30-0)**Murphy, Brian (February 25, 2021). ["Shoshin and Phenylketonuria"](https://phenylketonurianews.com/2021/02/25/shoshin-phenylketonuria/). _Phenylketonuria News_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211026113544/https://phenylketonurianews.com/2021/02/25/shoshin-phenylketonuria/) from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.

- [v](/wiki/Template:Buddhism_topics "Template:Buddhism topics")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Buddhism_topics "Template talk:Buddhism topics")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buddhism_topics "Special:EditPage/Template:Buddhism topics")

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Buddhism_Symbol.png/25px-Buddhism_Symbol.png)](/wiki/Dharmachakra "Dharmachakra")   Topics in [Buddhism](/wiki/Buddhism "Buddhism")[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/25px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png)](/wiki/Buddhist_flag "Buddhist flag")

- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png)[Outline](/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism "Outline of Buddhism")
- [Glossary](/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism "Glossary of Buddhism")
- [Index](/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles "Index of Buddhism-related articles")

[Foundations](/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism "Outline of Buddhism")

- [Four Noble Truths](/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths "Four Noble Truths")
- [Three Jewels](/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism "Refuge in Buddhism")
  - [Buddha](/wiki/The_Buddha "The Buddha")
  - [Dharma](/wiki/Dharma "Dharma")
  - [Sangha](/wiki/Sangha "Sangha")
- [Noble Eightfold Path](/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path "Noble Eightfold Path")
- [Nirvana](/wiki/Nirvana "Nirvana")
- [Middle Way](/wiki/Middle_Way "Middle Way")

[The Buddha](/wiki/The_Buddha "The Buddha")

- [Tathāgata](/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata "Tathāgata")
- [Birthday](/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday "Buddha's Birthday")
- [Four sights](/wiki/Four_sights "Four sights")
- [Eight Great Events](/wiki/The_Eight_Great_Events_in_the_Life_of_Buddha "The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha")
- [Great Renunciation](/wiki/Great_Renunciation "Great Renunciation")
- [Physical characteristics](/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha "Physical characteristics of the Buddha")
- [Life of Buddha in art](/wiki/Life_of_Buddha_in_art "Life of Buddha in art")
- [Footprint](/wiki/Buddha_footprint "Buddha footprint")
- [Relics](/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha "Relics associated with Buddha")
- [Iconography in Laos and Thailand](/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand "Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand")
- [Films](/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film "Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film")
- [Miracles](/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha "Miracles of Gautama Buddha")
- [Family](/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha "Family of Gautama Buddha")
  - [Suddhodāna (father)](/wiki/%C5%9Auddhodana "Śuddhodana")
  - [Māyā (mother)](/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_the_Buddha) "Maya (mother of the Buddha)")
  - [Mahapajapati Gotamī (aunt, adoptive mother)](/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami "Mahapajapati Gotami")
  - [Yaśodharā (wife)](/wiki/Ya%C5%9Bodhar%C4%81 "Yaśodharā")
  - [Rāhula (son)](/wiki/R%C4%81hula "Rāhula")
  - [Ānanda (cousin)](/wiki/%C4%80nanda "Ānanda")
  - [Devadatta (cousin)](/wiki/Devadatta "Devadatta")
- [Places where the Buddha stayed](/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed "List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed")
- [Buddha in world religions](/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions "Gautama Buddha in world religions")

[Bodhisattvas](/wiki/Bodhisattva "Bodhisattva")

- [Avalokiteśvara](/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara "Avalokiteśvara")
  - [Guanyin](/wiki/Guanyin "Guanyin")
- [Mañjuśrī](/wiki/Manjushri "Manjushri")
- [Mahāsthāmaprāpta](/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta "Mahasthamaprapta")
- [Ākāśagarbha](/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha "Ākāśagarbha")
- [Kṣitigarbha](/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha "Kṣitigarbha")
- [Samantabhadra](/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva) "Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)")
- [Vajrapāṇi](/wiki/Vajrapani "Vajrapani")
- [Skanda](/wiki/Skanda_(Buddhism) "Skanda (Buddhism)")
- [Tārā](/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism) "Tara (Buddhism)")
- [Metteyya/Maitreya](/wiki/Maitreya "Maitreya")

[Disciples](/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_Gautama_Buddha "Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha")

- [Kaundinya](/wiki/Kaundinya "Kaundinya")
- [Assaji](/wiki/Assaji "Assaji")
- [Sāriputta](/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81riputra "Śāriputra")
- [Mahamoggallāna](/wiki/Maudgalyayana "Maudgalyayana")
- [Ānanda](/wiki/%C4%80nanda "Ānanda")
- [Mahākassapa](/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa "Mahākāśyapa")
- [Aṅgulimāla](/wiki/A%E1%B9%85gulim%C4%81la "Aṅgulimāla")
- [Anuruddha](/wiki/Anuruddha "Anuruddha")
- [Mahākaccana](/wiki/Katyayana_(Buddhist) "Katyayana (Buddhist)")
- [Nanda](/wiki/Nanda_(half-brother_of_Buddha) "Nanda (half-brother of Buddha)")
- [Subhūti](/wiki/Subh%C5%ABti "Subhūti")
- [Puṇṇa Mantānīputta](/wiki/Pu%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87a_Mant%C4%81n%C4%ABputta "Puṇṇa Mantānīputta")
- [Upāli](/wiki/Up%C4%81li "Upāli")
- [Mahapajapati Gotamī](/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami "Mahapajapati Gotami")
- [Khema](/wiki/Khema "Khema")
- [Uppalavanna](/wiki/Uppalavanna "Uppalavanna")
- [Asita](/wiki/Asita "Asita")
- [Channa](/wiki/Channa_(Buddhist) "Channa (Buddhist)")
- [Yasa](/wiki/Yasa "Yasa")

[Key concepts](/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism "Glossary of Buddhism")

- [Avidyā (Ignorance)](/wiki/Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism) "Avidyā (Buddhism)")
- [Bardo](/wiki/Bardo "Bardo")
- [Bodhicitta](/wiki/Bodhicitta "Bodhicitta")
- [Buddha-nature](/wiki/Buddha-nature "Buddha-nature")
- [Dhamma theory](/wiki/Dhamma_theory "Dhamma theory")
- [Dharma](/wiki/Dharma "Dharma")
- [Enlightenment](/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism "Enlightenment in Buddhism")
- [Five hindrances](/wiki/Five_hindrances "Five hindrances")
- [Indriya](/wiki/Indriya "Indriya")
- [Karma](/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism "Karma in Buddhism")
- [Kleshas](/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism) "Kleshas (Buddhism)")
- [Mental factors](/wiki/Mental_factors_(Buddhism) "Mental factors (Buddhism)")
- [Mindstream](/wiki/Mindstream "Mindstream")
- [Parinirvana](/wiki/Parinirvana "Parinirvana")
- [Pratītyasamutpāda](/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da "Pratītyasamutpāda")
- [Rebirth](/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism) "Rebirth (Buddhism)")
- [Saṃsāra](/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism) "Saṃsāra (Buddhism)")
- [Saṅkhāra](/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%85kh%C4%81ra "Saṅkhāra")
- [Skandha](/wiki/Skandha "Skandha")
- [Śūnyatā](/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81 "Śūnyatā")
- [Taṇhā (Craving)](/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81 "Taṇhā")
- [Tathātā](/wiki/Tath%C4%81t%C4%81 "Tathātā")
- [Ten Fetters](/wiki/Fetter_(Buddhism) "Fetter (Buddhism)")
- [Three marks of existence](/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence "Three marks of existence")
  - [Anicca](/wiki/Impermanence_(Buddhism) "Impermanence (Buddhism)")
  - [Dukkha](/wiki/Du%E1%B8%A5kha "Duḥkha")
  - [Anattā](/wiki/Anatt%C4%81 "Anattā")
- [Two truths doctrine](/wiki/Two_truths_doctrine "Two truths doctrine")

[Cosmology](/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology "Buddhist cosmology")

- [Ten spiritual realms](/wiki/Ten_realms "Ten realms")
- [Six Paths](/wiki/Six_Paths "Six Paths")
  - [Deva realm](/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism) "Deva (Buddhism)")
  - [Human realm](/wiki/Human_beings_in_Buddhism "Human beings in Buddhism")
  - [Asura realm](/wiki/Asura_(Buddhism) "Asura (Buddhism)")
  - [Hungry Ghost realm](/wiki/Preta "Preta")
  - [Animal realm](/wiki/Animals_in_Buddhism "Animals in Buddhism")
  - [Naraka](/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism) "Naraka (Buddhism)")
- [Three planes of existence](/wiki/Trailokya "Trailokya")

[Branches](/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism "Schools of Buddhism")

- [Mahayana](/wiki/Mahayana "Mahayana")
  - [Zen](/wiki/Zen "Zen")
    - [Chinese Chan](/wiki/Chan_Buddhism "Chan Buddhism")
    - [Japanese Zen](/wiki/Japanese_Zen "Japanese Zen")
    - [Korean Seon](/wiki/Korean_Seon "Korean Seon")
    - [Vietnamese Thiền](/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n "Thiền")
  - [Pure Land](/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism "Pure Land Buddhism")
  - [Tiantai](/wiki/Tiantai "Tiantai")
  - [Huayan](/wiki/Huayan "Huayan")
  - [Risshū](/wiki/Rissh%C5%AB_(Buddhism) "Risshū (Buddhism)")
  - [Nichiren](/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism "Nichiren Buddhism")
  - [Madhyamaka](/wiki/Madhyamaka "Madhyamaka")
  - [Yogachara](/wiki/Yogachara "Yogachara")
- [Vajrayana](/wiki/Vajrayana "Vajrayana")
  - [Tibetan Buddhism](/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism "Tibetan Buddhism")
  - [Chinese Esoteric Buddhism](/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism "Chinese Esoteric Buddhism")
  - [Shingon](/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism "Shingon Buddhism")
  - [Dzogchen](/wiki/Dzogchen "Dzogchen")
- [Theravada](/wiki/Theravada "Theravada")
- [Navayana](/wiki/Navayana "Navayana")
- [Early Buddhist schools](/wiki/Early_Buddhist_schools "Early Buddhist schools")
- [Pre-sectarian Buddhism](/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism "Pre-sectarian Buddhism")
- [Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna](/wiki/Basic_points_unifying_Therav%C4%81da_and_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na "Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna")

[Practices](/wiki/Category:Buddhist_practices "Category:Buddhist practices")

- [Bhavana](/wiki/Bhavana "Bhavana")
- [Bodhipakkhiyādhammā](/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81 "Bodhipakkhiyādhammā")
- [Brahmavihara](/wiki/Brahmavihara "Brahmavihara")
  - [Mettā](/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB "Maitrī")
  - [Karuṇā](/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81 "Karuṇā")
  - [Mudita](/wiki/Mudita "Mudita")
  - [Upekkha](/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81 "Upekṣā")
- [Buddhābhiṣeka](/wiki/Buddh%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka "Buddhābhiṣeka")
- [Dāna](/wiki/D%C4%81na "Dāna")
- [Devotion](/wiki/Buddhist_devotion "Buddhist devotion")
- [Deity yoga](/wiki/Deity_yoga "Deity yoga")
- [Dhyāna](/wiki/Dhyana_in_Buddhism "Dhyana in Buddhism")
- [Faith](/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism "Faith in Buddhism")
- [Five Strengths](/wiki/Five_Strengths "Five Strengths")
- [Iddhipada](/wiki/Iddhipada "Iddhipada")
- [Meditation](/wiki/Buddhist_meditation "Buddhist meditation")
  - [Mantras](/wiki/Mantra#Buddhism "Mantra")
  - _[Kammaṭṭhāna](/wiki/Kamma%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na "Kammaṭṭhāna")_
  - [Recollection](/wiki/Anussati "Anussati")
  - [Smarana](/wiki/Simran "Simran")
  - [Anapanasati](/wiki/Anapanasati "Anapanasati")
  - [Samatha-vipassanā](/wiki/Samatha-vipassan%C4%81 "Samatha-vipassanā") ( [Vipassana movement](/wiki/Vipassana_movement "Vipassana movement"))
  - [Shikantaza](/wiki/Shikantaza "Shikantaza")
  - [Zazen](/wiki/Zazen "Zazen")
  - [Tukdam](/wiki/Tukdam "Tukdam")
  - [Koan](/wiki/Koan "Koan")
  - [Ganana](/wiki/Ganana "Ganana")
  - [Mandala](/wiki/Mandala "Mandala")
  - [Tonglen](/wiki/Tonglen "Tonglen")
  - [Tantra](/wiki/Tantra "Tantra")
  - [Tertön](/wiki/Tert%C3%B6n "Tertön")
  - [Terma](/wiki/Terma_(religion) "Terma (religion)")
- [Merit](/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism) "Merit (Buddhism)")
- [Mindfulness](/wiki/Mindfulness "Mindfulness")
  - [Mindful Yoga](/wiki/Mindful_Yoga "Mindful Yoga")
  - [Satipatthana](/wiki/Satipatthana "Satipatthana")
- [Nekkhamma](/wiki/Nekkhamma "Nekkhamma")
- [Nianfo](/wiki/Nianfo "Nianfo")
- [Pāramitā](/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81 "Pāramitā")
- [Paritta](/wiki/Paritta "Paritta")
- [Puja](/wiki/Buddhist_devotion "Buddhist devotion")
  - [Offerings](/wiki/Offering_(Buddhism) "Offering (Buddhism)")
  - [Prostration](/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism) "Prostration (Buddhism)")
  - [Music](/wiki/Buddhist_music "Buddhist music")
- [Refuge](/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism "Refuge in Buddhism")
- [Sādhu](/wiki/S%C4%81dhu_(Pali_word) "Sādhu (Pali word)")
- [Satya](/wiki/Satya "Satya")
  - [Sacca](/wiki/Sacca "Sacca")
- [Seven Factors of Enlightenment](/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Awakening "Seven Factors of Awakening")
  - [Sati](/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism) "Sati (Buddhism)")
  - [Dhamma vicaya](/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya "Dhamma vicaya")
  - [Pīti](/wiki/P%C4%ABti "Pīti")
  - [Passaddhi](/wiki/Passaddhi "Passaddhi")
- [Śīla](/wiki/Buddhist_ethics "Buddhist ethics")
  - [Five precepts](/wiki/Five_precepts "Five precepts")
  - [Eight precepts](/wiki/Eight_precepts "Eight precepts")
  - [Bodhisattva vow](/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow "Bodhisattva vow")
  - [Pratimokṣa](/wiki/Pratimok%E1%B9%A3a "Pratimokṣa")
- [Threefold Training](/wiki/Threefold_Training "Threefold Training")
  - [Śīla](/wiki/Buddhist_ethics "Buddhist ethics")
  - [Samadhi](/wiki/Samadhi "Samadhi")
  - [Prajñā](/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism) "Prajñā (Buddhism)")
- [Vīrya](/wiki/V%C4%ABrya "Vīrya")
  - [Four Right Exertions](/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions "Four Right Exertions")
- [Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar](/wiki/Twenty-two_vows_of_Ambedkar "Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar")

[Nirvana](/wiki/Nirvana "Nirvana")

- [Bodhi](/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism "Enlightenment in Buddhism")
- [Bodhisattva](/wiki/Bodhisattva "Bodhisattva")
- [Buddhahood](/wiki/Buddhahood "Buddhahood")
- [Pratyekabuddhayāna](/wiki/Pratyekabuddhay%C4%81na "Pratyekabuddhayāna")
- [Four stages of awakening](/wiki/Four_stages_of_awakening "Four stages of awakening")
  - [Sotāpanna](/wiki/Sot%C4%81panna "Sotāpanna")
  - [Sakadagami](/wiki/Sakadagami "Sakadagami")
  - [Anāgāmi](/wiki/An%C4%81g%C4%81mi "Anāgāmi")
  - [Arhat](/wiki/Arhat "Arhat")

[Monasticism](/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism "Buddhist monasticism")

- [Bhikkhu](/wiki/Bhikkhu "Bhikkhu")
- [Bhikkhunī](/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB "Bhikkhunī")
- [Śrāmaṇera](/wiki/Samanera "Samanera")
- [Śrāmaṇerī](/wiki/Samanera "Samanera")
- [Anagārika](/wiki/Anag%C4%81rika "Anagārika")
- [Ajahn](/wiki/Ajahn "Ajahn")
- [Sayadaw](/wiki/Sayadaw "Sayadaw")
- [Zen master](/wiki/Zen_master "Zen master")
- [Rōshi](/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi "Rōshi")
- [Lama](/wiki/Lama "Lama")
- [Rinpoche](/wiki/Rinpoche "Rinpoche")
- [Geshe](/wiki/Geshe "Geshe")
- [Tulku](/wiki/Tulku "Tulku")
  - [Western tulku](/wiki/Western_tulku "Western tulku")
- [Kappiya](/wiki/Kappiya "Kappiya")
- [Donchee](/wiki/Donchee "Donchee")
- [Householder](/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism) "Householder (Buddhism)")
- [Upāsaka and Upāsikā](/wiki/Up%C4%81saka_and_Up%C4%81sik%C4%81 "Upāsaka and Upāsikā")
- [Achar](/wiki/Achar_(Buddhism) "Achar (Buddhism)")
- [Śrāvaka](/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka "Śrāvaka")
  - [Ten principal disciples](/wiki/Ten_principal_disciples "Ten principal disciples")
- [Shaolin Monastery](/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery "Shaolin Monastery")

[Major figures](/wiki/List_of_Buddhists "List of Buddhists")

- [The Buddha](/wiki/The_Buddha "The Buddha")
- [Nagasena](/wiki/Nagasena "Nagasena")
- [Aśvaghoṣa](/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a "Aśvaghoṣa")
- [Nagarjuna](/wiki/Nagarjuna "Nagarjuna")
- [Asanga](/wiki/Asanga "Asanga")
- [Vasubandhu](/wiki/Vasubandhu "Vasubandhu")
- [Kumārajīva](/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva "Kumārajīva")
- [Buddhaghosa](/wiki/Buddhaghosa "Buddhaghosa")
- [Buddhapālita](/wiki/Buddhap%C4%81lita "Buddhapālita")
- [Dignāga](/wiki/Dign%C4%81ga "Dignāga")
- [Bodhidharma](/wiki/Bodhidharma "Bodhidharma")
- [Zhiyi](/wiki/Zhiyi "Zhiyi")
- [Emperor Wen of Sui](/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui "Emperor Wen of Sui")
- [Songtsen Gampo](/wiki/Songtsen_Gampo "Songtsen Gampo")
- [Xuanzang](/wiki/Xuanzang "Xuanzang")
- [Shandao](/wiki/Shandao "Shandao")
- [Padmasambhava](/wiki/Padmasambhava "Padmasambhava")
- [Saraha](/wiki/Saraha "Saraha")
- [Atiśa](/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba "Atiśa")
- [Naropa](/wiki/Naropa "Naropa")
- [Karmapa](/wiki/Karmapa "Karmapa")
- [Hōnen](/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen "Hōnen")
- [Shinran](/wiki/Shinran "Shinran")
- [Dōgen](/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen "Dōgen")
- [Nichiren](/wiki/Nichiren "Nichiren")
- [Shamarpa](/wiki/Shamarpa "Shamarpa")
- [Dalai Lama](/wiki/Dalai_Lama "Dalai Lama")
- [Panchen Lama](/wiki/Panchen_Lama "Panchen Lama")
- [Ajahn Mun](/wiki/Ajahn_Mun "Ajahn Mun")
- [B. R. Ambedkar](/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar "B. R. Ambedkar")
- [Ajahn Chah](/wiki/Ajahn_Chah "Ajahn Chah")
- [Thích Nhất Hạnh](/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh "Thích Nhất Hạnh")

[Texts](/wiki/Buddhist_texts "Buddhist texts")

- [Early Buddhist texts](/wiki/Early_Buddhist_texts "Early Buddhist texts")
- [Tripiṭaka](/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka "Tripiṭaka")
- [Mahayana sutras](/wiki/Mahayana_sutras "Mahayana sutras")
- [Pali Canon](/wiki/Pali_Canon "Pali Canon")
- [Chinese Buddhist canon](/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon "Chinese Buddhist canon")
- [Tibetan Buddhist canon](/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon "Tibetan Buddhist canon")
- _[Dhammapada](/wiki/Dhammapada "Dhammapada")_
- [Sutra](/wiki/Sutra "Sutra")
- [Vinaya](/wiki/Vinaya "Vinaya")
- _[Madhyamakālaṃkāra](/wiki/Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra "Madhyamakālaṃkāra")_
- [Abhidharmadīpa](/wiki/Abhidharmad%C4%ABpa "Abhidharmadīpa")

[Countries](/wiki/Buddhism_by_country "Buddhism by country")

- [Afghanistan](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan "Buddhism in Afghanistan")
- [Bangladesh](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh "Buddhism in Bangladesh")
- [Bhutan](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan "Buddhism in Bhutan")
- [Cambodia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia "Buddhism in Cambodia")
- [China](/wiki/Buddhism_in_China "Buddhism in China")
- [India](/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India "History of Buddhism in India")
- [Indonesia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia "Buddhism in Indonesia")
- [Japan](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan "Buddhism in Japan")
- [Korea](/wiki/Korean_Buddhism "Korean Buddhism")
- [Laos](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos "Buddhism in Laos")
- [Malaysia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia "Buddhism in Malaysia")
- [Maldives](/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives "Buddhism in the Maldives")
- [Mongolia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia "Buddhism in Mongolia")
- [Myanmar](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar "Buddhism in Myanmar")
- [Nepal](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal "Buddhism in Nepal")
- [Pakistan](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Pakistan "Buddhism in Pakistan")
- [Philippines](/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines "Buddhism in the Philippines")
- [Russia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia "Buddhism in Russia")
  - [Buryatia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Buryatia "Buddhism in Buryatia")
  - [Kalmykia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia "Buddhism in Kalmykia")
  - [Tuva](/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Tuva&action=edit&redlink=1 "Buddhism in Tuva (page does not exist)") ( [ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5 "ru:Буддизм в Тыве"))
- [Singapore](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore "Buddhism in Singapore")
- [Sri Lanka](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka "Buddhism in Sri Lanka")
- [Taiwan](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan "Buddhism in Taiwan")
- [Thailand](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand "Buddhism in Thailand")
- [Tibet](/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism "Tibetan Buddhism")
- [Vietnam](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam "Buddhism in Vietnam")
- [Africa](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Africa "Buddhism in Africa")
  - [Senegal](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Senegal "Buddhism in Senegal")
  - [South Africa](/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Africa "Buddhism in South Africa")
- [Central Asia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_Asia "Buddhism in Central Asia")
  - [Uzbekistan](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Uzbekistan "Buddhism in Uzbekistan")
- [Middle East](/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East "Buddhism in the Middle East")
  - [Iran](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Iran "Buddhism in Iran")
  - [Saudi Arabia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Saudi_Arabia "Buddhism in Saudi Arabia")
- [Western countries](/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West "Buddhism in the West")
  - [Argentina](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Argentina "Buddhism in Argentina")
  - [Australia](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia "Buddhism in Australia")
  - [Brazil](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil "Buddhism in Brazil")
  - [Canada](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada "Buddhism in Canada")
  - [Costa Rica](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Costa_Rica "Buddhism in Costa Rica")
  - [Czech Republic](/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Czech_Republic "Buddhism in the Czech Republic")
  - [France](/wiki/Buddhism_in_France "Buddhism in France")
  - [Germany](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany "Buddhism in Germany")
  - [Italy](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Italy "Buddhism in Italy")
  - [Mexico](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mexico "Buddhism in Mexico")
  - [New Zealand](/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand "Buddhism in New Zealand")
  - [Norway](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Norway "Buddhism in Norway")
  - [Poland](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Poland "Buddhism in Poland")
  - [Sweden](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sweden "Buddhism in Sweden")
  - [Switzerland](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Switzerland "Buddhism in Switzerland")
  - [Ukraine](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Ukraine "Buddhism in Ukraine")
  - [United Kingdom](/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom "Buddhism in the United Kingdom")
  - [United States](/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States "Buddhism in the United States")
  - [Venezuela](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Venezuela "Buddhism in Venezuela")

[History](/wiki/History_of_Buddhism "History of Buddhism")

- [Timeline](/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism "Timeline of Buddhism")
- [Ashoka](/wiki/Ashoka "Ashoka")
- [Kanishka](/wiki/Kanishka "Kanishka")
- [Buddhist councils](/wiki/Buddhist_councils "Buddhist councils")
- [History of Buddhism in India](/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India "History of Buddhism in India")
  - [Decline of Buddhism in India](/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent "Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent")
- [Huichang persecution of Buddhism](/wiki/Huichang_persecution_of_Buddhism "Huichang persecution of Buddhism")
- [Greco-Buddhism](/wiki/Greco-Buddhism "Greco-Buddhism")
  - [Menander I](/wiki/Menander_I "Menander I")
- [Buddhism and the Roman world](/wiki/Buddhism_and_the_Roman_world "Buddhism and the Roman world")
- [Buddhism in the West](/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West "Buddhism in the West")
- [Silk Road transmission of Buddhism](/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism "Silk Road transmission of Buddhism")
- [Persecution of Buddhists](/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists "Persecution of Buddhists")
- [Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal](/wiki/Banishment_of_Buddhist_monks_from_Nepal "Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal")
- [Buddhist crisis](/wiki/Buddhist_crisis "Buddhist crisis")
- [Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism](/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism "Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism")
- [Buddhist modernism](/wiki/Buddhist_modernism "Buddhist modernism")
- [Vipassana movement](/wiki/Vipassana_movement "Vipassana movement")
- [969 Movement](/wiki/969_Movement "969 Movement")
- [Women in Buddhism](/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism "Women in Buddhism")

[Philosophy](/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy "Buddhist philosophy")

- [Abhidharma](/wiki/Abhidharma "Abhidharma")
- [Atomism](/wiki/Buddhist_atomism "Buddhist atomism")
- [Buddhology](/wiki/Buddhist_studies "Buddhist studies")
- [Creator](/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism "Creator in Buddhism")
- [Buddhism and democracy](/wiki/Buddhism_and_democracy "Buddhism and democracy")
- [Economics](/wiki/Buddhist_economics "Buddhist economics")
- [Eight Consciousnesses](/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses "Eight Consciousnesses")
- [Engaged Buddhism](/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism "Engaged Buddhism")
- [Eschatology](/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology "Buddhist eschatology")
- [Ethics](/wiki/Buddhist_ethics "Buddhist ethics")
- [Evolution](/wiki/Buddhism_and_evolution "Buddhism and evolution")
- [Humanism](/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism "Humanistic Buddhism")
- [Logic](/wiki/Buddhist_logico-epistemology "Buddhist logico-epistemology")
- [Reality](/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism "Reality in Buddhism")
- [Secular Buddhism](/wiki/Secular_Buddhism "Secular Buddhism")
- [Socialism](/wiki/Buddhist_socialism "Buddhist socialism")
- [The unanswerable questions](/wiki/The_unanswerable_questions "The unanswerable questions")

[Culture](/wiki/Culture_of_Buddhism "Culture of Buddhism")

- [Architecture](/wiki/Buddhist_architecture "Buddhist architecture")
  - [Temple](/wiki/Buddhist_temple "Buddhist temple")
  - [Vihāra](/wiki/Vih%C4%81ra "Vihāra")
  - [Kyaung](/wiki/Kyaung "Kyaung")
  - [Wat](/wiki/Wat "Wat")
  - [Ordination hall](/wiki/Ordination_hall "Ordination hall")
  - [Stupa](/wiki/Stupa "Stupa")
  - [Pagoda](/wiki/Pagoda "Pagoda")
    - [Burmese pagoda](/wiki/Burmese_pagoda "Burmese pagoda")
  - [Candi](/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia "Candi of Indonesia")
  - [Dzong architecture](/wiki/Dzong_architecture "Dzong architecture")
  - [List of Buddhist architecture in China](/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_architecture_in_China "List of Buddhist architecture in China")
  - [Japanese Buddhist architecture](/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture "Japanese Buddhist architecture")
  - [Buddhist temples in Korea](/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Korea "Buddhist temples in Korea")
  - [Thai temple art and architecture](/wiki/Thai_temple_art_and_architecture "Thai temple art and architecture")
  - [Tibetan Buddhist architecture](/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_architecture "Tibetan Buddhist architecture")
- [Art](/wiki/Buddhist_art "Buddhist art")
  - [Greco-Buddhist](/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art "Greco-Buddhist art")
- [Bodhi Tree](/wiki/Bodhi_Tree "Bodhi Tree")
- [Budai](/wiki/Budai "Budai")
- [Buddha in art](/wiki/Buddha_in_art "Buddha in art")
- [Calendar](/wiki/Buddhist_calendar "Buddhist calendar")
- [Cuisine](/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine "Buddhist cuisine")
- [Funeral](/wiki/Buddhist_funeral "Buddhist funeral")
- [Holidays](/wiki/Buddhist_holidays "Buddhist holidays")
  - [Vesak](/wiki/Vesak "Vesak")
  - [Uposatha](/wiki/Uposatha "Uposatha")
  - [Māgha Pūjā](/wiki/M%C4%81gha_P%C5%ABj%C4%81 "Māgha Pūjā")
  - [Asalha Puja](/wiki/Asalha_Puja "Asalha Puja")
  - [Vassa](/wiki/Vassa "Vassa")
- [Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi](/wiki/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi "Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi")
- [Kasaya](/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing) "Kasaya (clothing)")
- [Mahabodhi Temple](/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple "Mahabodhi Temple")
- [Mantra](/wiki/Mantra "Mantra")
  - [Om mani padme hum](/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum "Om mani padme hum")
- [Mudra](/wiki/Mudra "Mudra")
- [Music](/wiki/Buddhist_music "Buddhist music")
- [Pilgrimage](/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites "Buddhist pilgrimage sites")
  - [Lumbini](/wiki/Lumbini "Lumbini")
  - [Maya Devi Temple](/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini "Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini")
  - [Bodh Gaya](/wiki/Bodh_Gaya "Bodh Gaya")
  - [Sarnath](/wiki/Sarnath "Sarnath")
  - [Kushinagar](/wiki/Kushinagar "Kushinagar")
- [Poetry](/wiki/Buddhist_poetry "Buddhist poetry")
- [Prayer beads](/wiki/Japamala "Japamala")
- [Hama yumi](/wiki/Hama_yumi "Hama yumi")
- [Prayer wheel](/wiki/Prayer_wheel "Prayer wheel")
- [Symbolism](/wiki/Buddhist_symbolism "Buddhist symbolism")
  - [Dharmachakra](/wiki/Dharmachakra "Dharmachakra")
  - [Flag](/wiki/Buddhist_flag "Buddhist flag")
  - [Bhavacakra](/wiki/Bhavacakra "Bhavacakra")
  - [Swastika](/wiki/Swastika "Swastika")
  - [Thangka](/wiki/Thangka "Thangka")
- [Temple of the Tooth](/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth "Temple of the Tooth")
- [Vegetarianism](/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism "Buddhist vegetarianism")

[Miscellaneous](/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles "Index of Buddhism-related articles")

- [Abhijñā](/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81 "Abhijñā")
- [Amitābha](/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha "Amitābha")
- [Brahmā](/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism) "Brahmā (Buddhism)")
- [Dharma talk](/wiki/Dharma_talk "Dharma talk")
- [Hinayana](/wiki/Hinayana "Hinayana")
- [Iddhi](/wiki/Iddhi "Iddhi")
- [Kalpa](/wiki/Kalpa_(time) "Kalpa (time)")
- [Koliya](/wiki/Koliya "Koliya")
- [Lineage](/wiki/Lineage_(Buddhism) "Lineage (Buddhism)")
- [Māra](/wiki/Mara_(demon) "Mara (demon)")
- [Siddhi](/wiki/Siddhi "Siddhi")
- [Sacred languages](/wiki/Sacred_language "Sacred language")
  - [Pāḷi](/wiki/Pali "Pali")
  - [Sanskrit](/wiki/Sanskrit "Sanskrit")

[Comparison](/wiki/Category:Comparative_Buddhism "Category:Comparative Buddhism")

- [Baháʼí Faith](/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Buddhism "Baháʼí Faith and Buddhism")
- [Christianity](/wiki/Buddhism_and_Christianity "Buddhism and Christianity")
  - [Influences](/wiki/Buddhist_influences_on_Christianity "Buddhist influences on Christianity")
  - [Comparison](/wiki/Comparison_of_Buddhism_and_Christianity "Comparison of Buddhism and Christianity")
- [East Asian religions](/wiki/Buddhism_and_Eastern_religions "Buddhism and Eastern religions")
- [Gnosticism](/wiki/Buddhism_and_Gnosticism "Buddhism and Gnosticism")
- [Hinduism](/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism "Buddhism and Hinduism")
- [Jainism](/wiki/Buddhism_and_Jainism "Buddhism and Jainism")
- [Judaism](/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist "Jewish Buddhist")
- [Psychology](/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology "Buddhism and psychology")
- [Science](/wiki/Buddhism_and_science "Buddhism and science")
- [Theosophy](/wiki/Buddhism_and_Theosophy "Buddhism and Theosophy")
- [Violence](/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence "Buddhism and violence")
- [Western philosophy](/wiki/Buddhism_and_Western_philosophy "Buddhism and Western philosophy")

[Lists](/wiki/Category:Buddhism-related_lists "Category:Buddhism-related lists")

- [Bodhisattvas](/wiki/List_of_bodhisattvas "List of bodhisattvas")
- [Buddhas](/wiki/List_of_Buddhas "List of Buddhas")
- [Buddhists](/wiki/List_of_Buddhists "List of Buddhists")
- [Suttas](/wiki/List_of_suttas "List of suttas")
- [Sutras](/wiki/Sutra "Sutra")
- [Temples](/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_temples "List of Buddhist temples")
- [Festivals](/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_festivals "List of Buddhist festivals")

- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png)[Category](/wiki/Category:Buddhism "Category:Buddhism")
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[Categories](/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):

- [Japanese martial arts terminology](/wiki/Category:Japanese_martial_arts_terminology "Category:Japanese martial arts terminology")
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