Een robuuste laptop kopen? 7 vragen - Timewax
Henrik, specialist in robuuste computers, komt met zeven vragen waar je antwoord op moet geven, voordat je een robuuste laptop voor je buitendienst koopt.
MIL-certificering
De <anchor>MIL-certificering</anchor> is van origine een Amerikaanse militaire standaard, maar wordt tegenwoordig ook door bedrijven gebruikt om de robuustheid van de apparatuur aan te tonen. De MIL-standaard stelt niet alleen vast van hoe hoog de laptop of tablet moet kunnen vallen. De standaard kijkt bijvoorbeeld ook hoe goed de laptop langdurige trillingen kan doorstaan. Wordt de laptop bij zware machines gebruikt, dan kan de laptop flinke klappen krijgen. Bijvoorbeeld wanneer een auto over een mulle zandweg rijdt en een flinke kuil raakt. Of wanneer de medewerker de laptop op een zware machine zet die grondboringen doet. Dan kan de laptop door de ondergrond flink gaan vibreren. Een MIL-certificering op een hoesje voor een smartphone of tablet zegt niet veel. Het maakt niet direct de gehele tablet gecertificeerd. Trillingen hebben nog steeds effect op de transistoren en solderingen binnenin de laptop.
United States Military Standard - Wikipedia
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## Contents

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- [1Definition of document types](#Definition_of_document_types)
- [2Formats](#Formats)
- [3Origins and evolution](#Origins_and_evolution)
- [4Non-exhaustive list of documents](#Non-exhaustive_list_of_documents)Toggle Non-exhaustive list of documents subsection  - [4.1MIL-HDBK](#MIL-HDBK)
  - [4.2MIL-STD](#MIL-STD)
  - [4.3MIL-PRF](#MIL-PRF)
  - [4.4MIL-SPEC](#MIL-SPEC)
- [5See also](#See_also)
- [6References](#References)
- [7Further reading](#Further_reading)
- [8External links](#External_links)

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# United States Military Standard

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Standards for equipment and products used by the U.S. military

A [United States](/wiki/United_States "United States") **defense standard**, often called a **military standard**, " **MIL-STD**", " **MIL-SPEC**", or (informally) " **MilSpecs**", is used to help achieve standardization objectives by the [U.S. Department of Defense](/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense "U.S. Department of Defense").

[Standardization](/wiki/Standardization "Standardization") is beneficial in achieving [interoperability](/wiki/Interoperability "Interoperability"), ensuring products meet certain requirements, commonality, [reliability](/wiki/Reliability_engineering "Reliability engineering"), [total cost of ownership](/wiki/Total_cost_of_ownership "Total cost of ownership"), compatibility with [logistics](/wiki/Military_logistics "Military logistics") systems, and similar defense-related objectives.

Defense standards are also used by other non-defense government organizations, technical organizations, and industry. This article discusses definitions, history, and usage of defense standards. Related documents, such as **defense handbooks** and **defense specifications**, are also addressed.

## Definition of document types

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Definition of document types")\]

Although the official definitions differentiate between several types of documents, all of these documents go by the general rubric of "military standard", including defense specifications, handbooks, and standards. Strictly speaking, these documents serve different purposes. According to the [Government Accountability Office](/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office "Government Accountability Office") (GAO), military specifications "describe the physical and/or operational characteristics of a product", while military standards "detail the processes and materials to be used to make the product." Military handbooks, on the other hand, are primarily sources of compiled information and/or guidance. The GAO acknowledges, however, that the terms are often used interchangeably.

Official definitions are provided by DoD 4120.24,[\[1\]](#cite_note-1) _Defense Standardization Program (DSP) Procedures,_ November 2014, USD (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics):

AcronymTypeDefinition [\[2\]](#cite_note-2)MIL-HDBK**Defense Handbook**A document that provides standard procedural, technical, engineering, or design information about the materiel, processes, practices, and methods covered by the DSP. MIL-STD-967 covers the content and format for defense handbooks.
MIL-SPEC**Defense [Specification](/wiki/Specification "Specification")**A document that describes the essential technical requirements for military-unique [materiel](/wiki/Materiel "Materiel") or substantially modified commercial items. MIL-STD-961 covers the content and format for defense specifications.
MIL-STD**Defense Standard**A document that establishes uniform engineering and technical requirements for military-unique or substantially modified commercial processes, procedures, practices, and methods. There are five types of defense standards: interface standards, design criteria standards, manufacturing process standards, standard practices, and test method standards. MIL-STD-962 covers the content and format for defense standards.
MIL-PRF**Performance Specification**A performance specification states requirements in terms of the required results with criteria for verifying compliance but without stating the methods for achieving the required results. A performance specification defines the functional requirements for the item, the environment in which it must operate, and interface and interchangeability characteristics.
MIL-DTL**Detail Specification**A specification that states design requirements, such as materials to be used, how a requirement is to be achieved, or how an item is to be fabricated or constructed. A specification that contains both performance and detail requirements is still considered a detail specification.

For purposes of this article, "military standards" will include standards, specifications and handbooks.

There are also standard names with different letters behind ′MIL-′ like [MIL-C-5040H](/wiki/MIL-C-5040H "MIL-C-5040H"), [MIL-E-7016F](/wiki/MIL-E-7016F "MIL-E-7016F") or [MIL-S-901](/wiki/MIL-S-901 "MIL-S-901").

## Formats

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Formats")\]

The DOD has standards about the format of standards:

- MIL-STD-961, Defense and Program-Unique Specifications Format and Content[\[3\]](#cite_note-3)
- MIL-STD-962, Defense Standards Format and Content[\[4\]](#cite_note-4)
- MIL-STD-967, Defense Handbooks Format and Content[\[5\]](#cite_note-5)

## Origins and evolution

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Origins and evolution")\]

Defense standards evolved from the need to ensure proper performance, maintainability and reparability (ease of [MRO](/wiki/Maintenance,_repair,_and_operations "Maintenance, repair, and operations")), and logistical usefulness of military equipment. The latter two goals (MRO and logistics) favor certain general concepts, such as [interchangeability](/wiki/Interchangeable_parts "Interchangeable parts"), [standardization](/wiki/Standardization "Standardization") (of equipment and processes, in general), [cataloging](/wiki/Cataloging "Cataloging"), communications, and training (to teach people what is standardized, what is at their discretion, and the details of the standards). In the late 18th century and throughout the 19th, the [American](/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces "United States Armed Forces") and [French](/wiki/French_Armed_Forces "French Armed Forces") militaries were [early adopters](/wiki/Early_adopters "Early adopters") and longtime developmental sponsors and advocates of interchangeability and standardization. By World War II (1939–1945), virtually all national [militaries](/wiki/Military "Military") and trans-national alliances of the same ( [Allied Forces](/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II "Allies of World War II"), [Axis powers](/wiki/Axis_powers "Axis powers")) were busy standardizing and cataloguing. The U.S. AN- cataloguing system (Army-Navy) and the British Defence Standards (DEF-STAN) provide examples.

For example, due to differences in dimensional tolerances, in World War II American [screws](/wiki/Screw "Screw"), [bolts](/wiki/Bolt_(fastener) "Bolt (fastener)"), and [nuts](/wiki/Nut_(hardware) "Nut (hardware)") did not fit British equipment properly and were not fully interchangeable.[\[6\]](#cite_note-6) Defense standards provide many benefits, such as minimizing the number of types of ammunition, ensuring compatibility of tools, and ensuring quality during production of military equipment. This results, for example, in ammunition and food cases that can be opened without tools; vehicle subsystems that can be quickly swapped into the place of damaged ones; and small arms and artillery that are less likely to find themselves with an excess of ammunition that does not fit and a lack of ammo that does.

However, the proliferation of standards also has some drawbacks. The main one is that they impose what is functionally equivalent to a [regulatory](/wiki/Regulation "Regulation") burden upon the defense supply chain, both within the military and across its civilian suppliers.
In the U.S. during the 1980s and early 1990s, it was argued that the large number of standards, nearly 30,000 by 1990, imposed unnecessary restrictions, increased cost to contractors (and hence the DOD, since the costs in the end pass along to the customer), and impeded the incorporation of the latest technology. Responding to increasing criticism, Secretary of Defense [William J. Perry](/wiki/William_J._Perry "William J. Perry") issued a memorandum in 1994 that prohibited the use of most military specifications and standards without a waiver.[\[7\]](#cite_note-7) This has become known as the "Perry Memorandum".[\[8\]](#cite_note-8) Many military specifications and standards were canceled. In their place, the DOD directed the use of performance specifications and non-government standards. "Performance specifications" describe the desired performance of the weapon, rather than describing _how_ those goals would be reached (that is, directing which technology or which materials would be used). In 2005 the DOD issued a new memorandum,[\[9\]](#cite_note-9) which eliminated the requirement to obtain a waiver in order to use military specifications or standards. The 2005 memo did not reinstate any canceled military specifications or standards.

According to a 2003 issue of _Gateway_, published by the Human Systems Information Analysis Center,[\[10\]](#cite_note-10) the number of defense standards and specifications have been reduced from 45,500 to 28,300. However, other sources noted that the number of standards just before the Perry Memorandum was issued was less than 30,000, and that thousands have been canceled since then. This may be due to differences in what is counted as a "military standard".

Another potential drawback of thorough standardization is a threat analogous to [monoculture](/wiki/Monoculture "Monoculture") (where lack of biodiversity creates higher risk of pandemic disease) or a ship without [bulkhead](/wiki/Bulkhead_(partition) "Bulkhead (partition)") compartmentalization (where even a small hull leak threatens the whole vessel). If an enemy discovers a drawback in a standardized system, the system's uniformity leaves it vulnerable to complete incapacitation via what might otherwise have been a limited compromise. Also, if standardization promotes use by allies, it may also ease an enemy's task of using [materiel](/wiki/Materiel "Materiel") that is lost as a [prize of war](/wiki/Prize_of_war "Prize of war"). However, this threat is somewhat academic, as even poorly standardized materiel presents a likelihood of supplying an enemy if overrun.

## Non-exhaustive list of documents

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Non-exhaustive list of documents")\]

A complete list of standards was maintained as Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards, up until 1993.[\[11\]](#cite_note-11)

### MIL-HDBK

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: MIL-HDBK")\]

- [Cataloging Handbook H2](/w/index.php?title=Cataloging_Handbook_H2&action=edit&redlink=1 "Cataloging Handbook H2 (page does not exist)"),[\[12\]](#cite_note-12) definitions for [NATO Stock Number Federal Supply Groups and Federal Supply Classes](/wiki/NATO_Stock_Number "NATO Stock Number")
- [Cataloging Handbook H4](/w/index.php?title=Cataloging_Handbook_H4&action=edit&redlink=1 "Cataloging Handbook H4 (page does not exist)"), a handbook containing vendor [CAGE](/wiki/Commercial_and_Government_Entity "Commercial and Government Entity") code details
- [Cataloging Handbook H6](/w/index.php?title=Cataloging_Handbook_H6&action=edit&redlink=1 "Cataloging Handbook H6 (page does not exist)"), Item Name Directory for the [NATO Codification System](/wiki/NATO_Codification_System "NATO Codification System")
- [Cataloging Handbook H8](/w/index.php?title=Cataloging_Handbook_H8&action=edit&redlink=1 "Cataloging Handbook H8 (page does not exist)"), another handbook containing vendor [CAGE](/wiki/Commercial_and_Government_Entity "Commercial and Government Entity") code details
- [MIL-HDBK-310](/w/index.php?title=MIL-HDBK-310&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-HDBK-310 (page does not exist)"), GLOBAL CLIMATIC DATA FOR DEVELOPING MILITARY PRODUCTS[\[13\]](#cite_note-13)[\[14\]](#cite_note-14)
- [MIL-HDBK-881](/w/index.php?title=MIL-HDBK-881&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-HDBK-881 (page does not exist)"), Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materiel Items (WBS)

### MIL-STD

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: MIL-STD")\]

- [MIL-STD-105](/wiki/MIL-STD-105 "MIL-STD-105"), Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes (withdrawn, see ASTM E2234)
- [MIL-STD-130](/wiki/MIL-STD-130 "MIL-STD-130"), "Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property"[\[15\]](#cite_note-15)
- [MIL-STD-167](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-167&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-167 (page does not exist)"), Mechanical Vibration of Shipboard Equipment
- [MIL-STD-188](/wiki/MIL-STD-188 "MIL-STD-188"), a series related to telecommunications
- [MIL-STD-196](/wiki/MIL-STD-196 "MIL-STD-196"), a specification of the [Joint Electronics Type Designation System](/wiki/Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System "Joint Electronics Type Designation System") (JETDS)
- [MIL-STD-202](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-202&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-202 (page does not exist)"), "Electronic and Electrical Component Parts" test methods
- [MIL-STD-276](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-276&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-276 (page does not exist)"), Standard for vacuum impregnation of porous metal castings and powdered metal components[\[16\]](#cite_note-16)
- [MIL-STD-348](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-348&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-348 (page does not exist)"), "Radio Frequency (RF) Connector Interfaces"[\[17\]](#cite_note-17)
- [MIL-STD 461](/wiki/MIL-STD_461 "MIL-STD 461"), "Requirements for the control of electromagnetic interference characteristics of subsystems and equipment"[\[18\]](#cite_note-18)
- [MIL-STD-464](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-464&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-464 (page does not exist)"), "Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems"[\[19\]](#cite_note-19)
- [MIL-STD-498](/wiki/MIL-STD-498 "MIL-STD-498"), on software development and documentation[\[20\]](#cite_note-20)
- [MIL-STD-499](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-499&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-499 (page does not exist)"), on Engineering Management (System Engineering)
- [MIL-STD-704](/wiki/MIL-STD-704 "MIL-STD-704"), "Aircraft Electric Power Characteristics"[\[21\]](#cite_note-21)
- [MIL-STD-709](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-709&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-709 (page does not exist)"), Design Criteria Standard for Ammunition Color Coding
- [MIL-STD-806](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-806&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-806 (page does not exist)"), "Graphical Symbols for [Logic Diagrams](/wiki/Logic_gate "Logic gate")", originally a USAF standard[\[22\]](#cite_note-22)[\[23\]](#cite_note-23)
- [MIL-STD-810](/wiki/MIL-STD-810 "MIL-STD-810"), test methods for determining the environmental effects on equipment[\[24\]](#cite_note-24)
- [MIL-STD-882](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-882&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-882 (page does not exist)"), standard practice for system safety[\[25\]](#cite_note-25)
- [MIL-STD-883](/wiki/MIL-STD-883 "MIL-STD-883"), test method standard for microcircuits [\[26\]](#cite_note-26)
- [MIL-STD-1168](/wiki/MIL-STD-1168 "MIL-STD-1168"), a classification system for ammunition production that replaced the [Ammunition Identification Code](/wiki/Ammunition_Identification_Code "Ammunition Identification Code") (AIC) system used during World War II.
- [MIL-STD-1234](/wiki/MIL-STD-1234 "MIL-STD-1234"), sampling, inspection, and testing of pyrotechnics
- [MIL-STD-1246](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-1246&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-1246 (page does not exist)"), particle and molecular contamination levels for space hardware (has been replaced with [IEST-STD-CC1246D](/wiki/IEST-STD-CC1246D "IEST-STD-CC1246D")).
- [MIL-STD-1376](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-1376&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-1376 (page does not exist)"), guidelines for sonar transducers, specifically [piezoelectric](/wiki/Piezoelectric "Piezoelectric") [ceramics](/wiki/Ceramics "Ceramics");
- [MIL-STD-1388-1A](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-1388-1A&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-1388-1A (page does not exist)"), [Logistics support analysis](/wiki/Logistics_support_analysis "Logistics support analysis") (LSA) (canceled and s/s by MIL-HDBK-502, Acquisition Logistics)
- [MIL-STD-1388-2B](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-1388-2B&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-1388-2B (page does not exist)"), DOD requirements for a logistic support analysis record (canceled and s/s by MIL-PRF-49506, Logistics Management Information)
- [MIL-STD-1394](/wiki/MIL-STD-1394 "MIL-STD-1394"), this is concerned with the construction quality of hats and is often confused with [IEEE 1394](/wiki/IEEE_1394_interface "IEEE 1394 interface").
- [MIL-STD-1397](/wiki/MIL-STD-1397 "MIL-STD-1397"), Input/Output Interfaces, Standard Digital Data, Navy Systems
- [MIL-STD-1472](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-1472&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-1472 (page does not exist)"), Human Engineering
- [MIL-STD-1474](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-1474&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-1474 (page does not exist)"), a sound measurement for small arms standard
- [MIL-STD-1464A](/wiki/MIL-STD-1464A "MIL-STD-1464A"), the Army Nomenclature System used in naming weapons and other materiel, like the [M16 rifle](/wiki/M16_rifle "M16 rifle")[\[27\]](#cite_note-glob-sec_1464A-27)
- [MIL-STD-1553](/wiki/MIL-STD-1553 "MIL-STD-1553"), a digital communications [bus](/wiki/Bus_(computing) "Bus (computing)")[\[28\]](#cite_note-28)
- [MIL-STD-1589](/wiki/MIL-STD-1589 "MIL-STD-1589"), " [JOVIAL](/wiki/JOVIAL "JOVIAL") [programming language](/wiki/Programming_language "Programming language")"[\[29\]](#cite_note-29)
- [MIL-STD-1661](/wiki/MIL-STD-1661 "MIL-STD-1661"), a Navy standard for naming/designation
- [MIL-STD-1750](/wiki/MIL-STD-1750A "MIL-STD-1750A"), an [instruction set architecture](/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture "Instruction set architecture") (ISA) for airborne computers[\[30\]](#cite_note-30)
- [MIL-STD-1760](/wiki/MIL-STD-1760 "MIL-STD-1760"), smart-weapons interface derived from MIL-STD-1553[\[31\]](#cite_note-31)
- [MIL-STD-1815](/wiki/MIL-STD-1815 "MIL-STD-1815"), " [Ada programming language](/wiki/Ada_(programming_language) "Ada (programming language)")"[\[32\]](#cite_note-32)
- [MIL-STD-1913](/wiki/MIL-STD-1913 "MIL-STD-1913"), [Picatinny rail](/wiki/Picatinny_rail "Picatinny rail"), a mounting bracket on firearms
- [MIL-STD-2045](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-2045&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-2045 (page does not exist)"), Connectionless Data Transfer Application Layer
- [MIL-STD-2196](/w/index.php?title=MIL-STD-2196&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-STD-2196 (page does not exist)"), pertains to optical fiber communications
- [MIL-STD-2361](/wiki/MIL-STD-2361 "MIL-STD-2361"), pertains to digital development, acquisition, and delivery of Army administrative, training and doctrine, and technical equipment publications in SGML.
- [MIL-STD-2525, Joint Military Symbology](/wiki/MIL-STD-2525 "MIL-STD-2525")[\[33\]](#cite_note-33) ((The URL is incorrectly linked to APP6, the NATO standard and needs to be replaced.))
- [MIL-STD-3011, Joint Range Extension Application Protocol](/wiki/JREAP "JREAP") (JREAP)
- [MIL-STD-6011, Tactical Data Link (TDL) 11/11B Message Standard (Link-11)](/wiki/Link_11 "Link 11")
- [MIL-STD-6013, Army Tactical Data Link-1](/w/index.php?title=ATDL-1&action=edit&redlink=1 "ATDL-1 (page does not exist)") (ATDL-1)
- [MIL-STD-6016, Tactical Data Link (TDL) 16 Message Standard (Link-16)](/wiki/Link_16 "Link 16")
- [MIL-STD-6017, Variable Message Format](/wiki/Variable_Message_Format "Variable Message Format") (VMF)
- MIL-STD-6040, United States Message Text Format (USMTF)

### MIL-PRF

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: MIL-PRF")\]

- [MIL-PRF-38534](/wiki/MIL-PRF-38534 "MIL-PRF-38534"), General Specification For Hybrid Microcircuits.
- [MIL-PRF-38535](/wiki/MIL-PRF-38535 "MIL-PRF-38535"), General Specification For Integrated Circuits (Microcircuits) Manufacturing.
- [MIL-PRF-46374](/wiki/MIL-W-46374 "MIL-W-46374"), Watch, Wrist: General Purpose.

### MIL-SPEC

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: MIL-SPEC")\]

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png)

This section may **require [cleanup](/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup "Wikipedia:Cleanup")** to meet Wikipedia's [quality standards](/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style "Wikipedia:Manual of Style"). The specific problem is: **It is not certain whether the following standards are part of MIL-SPEC (or MIL-STD, MIL-PRF or MIL-DTL).** Please help [improve this section](/wiki/Special:EditPage/United_States_Military_Standard "Special:EditPage/United States Military Standard") if you can._(January 2024)__([Learn how and when to remove this message](/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal"))_

- [MIL-C-43455](/wiki/MIL-C-43455 "MIL-C-43455"), now inactivated standard for [M-1965 field jacket](/wiki/M-1965_field_jacket "M-1965 field jacket").
- [MIL-C-5040H](/wiki/MIL-C-5040H "MIL-C-5040H"), now inactivated standard for [Parachute cords](/wiki/Parachute_cord "Parachute cord").
- [MIL-E-7016F](/wiki/MIL-E-7016F "MIL-E-7016F"), pertains to the analysis of AC and DC loads on an aircraft.
- [MIL-I-17563C](/w/index.php?title=MIL-I-17563C&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-I-17563C (page does not exist)"), Demonstrates a vacuum impregnation sealant is compatible with the application and that the sealant will not degrade or fail over the life of the part.[\[34\]](#cite_note-34)
- [MIL-S-901](/wiki/MIL-S-901 "MIL-S-901"), Shock Testing for Shipboard Equipment.
- [MIL-S-82258](/w/index.php?title=MIL-S-82258&action=edit&redlink=1 "MIL-S-82258 (page does not exist)"), on [rubber](/wiki/Rubber "Rubber") [swim fins](/wiki/Swimfin "Swimfin"). "Requirements for swim fins made of gum rubber for wear by military personnel for swimming purposes and for general utility"

## See also

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: See also")\]

- [American National Standards Institute](/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute "American National Standards Institute")
- [ASTM International](/wiki/ASTM_International "ASTM International")
- [International standard](/wiki/International_standard "International standard")
- [Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology](/wiki/Institute_of_Environmental_Sciences_and_Technology "Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology") (IEST)
- [Military technology](/wiki/Military_technology "Military technology")
- [Standardization](/wiki/Standardization "Standardization")
- [Specification (technical standard)](/wiki/Specification_(technical_standard) "Specification (technical standard)")
- [Standards organization](/wiki/Standards_organization "Standards organization")
- [Standardization Agreement](/wiki/Standardization_Agreement "Standardization Agreement") (STANAG)
- [U.S. Military connector specifications](/wiki/U.S._Military_connector_specifications "U.S. Military connector specifications")

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: References")\]

01. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**["Department of Defense MANUAL \| Defense Standardization Program (DSP) Procedures"](http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodm/412024m.pdf?ver=2017-12-13-110538-837)(PDF). _Executive Services Directorate_. September 24, 2014.
02. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**DOD 4120.24-M, (2000), "DSP Policies & Procedures", Office of the Undersecretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics)
03. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**["ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=36063). Quicksearch.dla.mil. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
04. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**["ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=36064). Quicksearch.dla.mil. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
05. **[^](#cite_ref-5)**["ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=213528). Quicksearch.dla.mil. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
06. **[^](#cite_ref-6)**British hardware since the early 20th century was made to [BS](/wiki/British_Standards "British Standards") standards, while American Hardware was made to [ASA](/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute "American National Standards Institute") standards. Though similar, fasteners could often not be interchanged in high-precision, demanding applications until the development of the [Unified Thread Standard](/wiki/Unified_Thread_Standard "Unified Thread Standard") in the late 1940s.
07. **[^](#cite_ref-7)**["SECDEF Memo _Specifications & Standards – A New Way of Doing Business_, DTD 29 Jun 94"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131021123641/https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=32397). Archived from [the original](https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=32397) on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
08. **[^](#cite_ref-8)**National Academies Press, [The Impact of Acquisition Reform on Department of Defense Specifications and Standards for Materials and Processes: Report of the Workshop on Technical Strategies for Adoption of Commercial Materials and Processing Standards in Defense Procurement (2002): Appendix A: Perry Memorandum](https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/10345/chapter/11), accessed 14 September 2022
09. **[^](#cite_ref-9)**[Elimination of Waivers to Cite Military Specifications and Standards \[ACC\]](https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=152529&lang=en-US)
10. **[^](#cite_ref-10)**["The Current State of Human Factors Standardization"](https://web.archive.org/web/20041017010749/http://iac.dtic.mil/hsiac/GW-docs/gw_xiv_2.pdf)(PDF). Archived from [the original](http://iac.dtic.mil/hsiac/GW-docs/gw_xiv_2.pdf)(PDF) on 2004-10-17.
11. **[^](#cite_ref-11)**["Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards. Part 2. Numerical Listing"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180603155428/http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA273295). Archived from [the original](http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA273295) on 2018-06-03.
12. **[^](#cite_ref-12)**["Federal Supply Classification - Groups and Classes"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101011202754/http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/partners/fepp/h2book.pdf)(PDF). February 2003. Archived from [the original](http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/partners/fepp/h2book.pdf)(PDF) on 2010-10-11.
13. **[^](#cite_ref-13)**["MIL-HDBK-310, MILITARY HANDBOOK: GLOBAL CLIMATIC DATA FOR DEVELOPING MILITARY PRODUCTS"](http://everyspec.com/MIL-HDBK/MIL-HDBK-0300-0499/MIL_HDBK_310_1851/). _Everyspec.com_. US Government. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
14. **[^](#cite_ref-14)**["MIL-HDBK-310 pdf"](http://everyspec.com/MIL-HDBK/MIL-HDBK-0300-0499/download.php?spec=MIL_HDBK_310.1851.pdf)(PDF). _Everyspec.com_. US Government. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
15. **[^](#cite_ref-15)**["MIL-STD-130: Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=35521). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
16. **[^](#cite_ref-16)**["MILITARY STANDARD IMPREGNATION OF POROUS METAL CASTINGS AND POWDERED METAL COMPONENTS"](https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/107598/file-2258687545.pdf)(PDF). December 30, 1992.
17. **[^](#cite_ref-17)**["MIL-STD-348 : Radio Frequency (RF) Connector Interfaces"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=35726). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
18. **[^](#cite_ref-18)**["MIL-STD-461 : Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=35789). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
19. **[^](#cite_ref-19)**["MIL-STD-464: Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=35794). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
20. **[^](#cite_ref-20)**["MIL-STD-498 : Software Development and Documentation"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=114847). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
21. **[^](#cite_ref-21)**["MIL-STD-704 : Aircraft Electric Power Characteristics"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=35901). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
22. **[^](#cite_ref-22)**["MIL-STD-806 : Graphical Symbols for Logic Diagrams"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=35975). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
23. **[^](#cite_ref-23)**The Magazine of standards, Volumes 30-31, American National Standards Institute, 1959, p.351, accessed at Google Books 2012-09-27
24. **[^](#cite_ref-24)**["MIL-STD-810 : Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=35978). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
25. **[^](#cite_ref-25)**["MIL-STD-882: System Safety"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=36027). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
26. **[^](#cite_ref-26)**["Test Method Standard, Microcircuits - FSC 5962"](https://web.archive.org/web/20060928035125/http://www.dscc.dla.mil/Programs/MilSpec/ListDocs.asp?BasicDoc=MIL-STD-883). Archived from [the original](http://www.dscc.dla.mil/programs/milspec/ListDocs.asp?BasicDoc=MIL-STD-883) on 2006-09-28.
27. **[^](#cite_ref-glob-sec_1464A_27-0)**["US Military Rifle Designations"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210825024810/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/rifle-designations.htm-designations.htm). _GlobalSecurity.org_. Archived from [the original](https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/rifle-designations.htm) on August 25, 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
28. **[^](#cite_ref-28)**["MIL-STD-1553 : Digital Time Division Command/Response Multiplex Data Bus"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=36973). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
29. **[^](#cite_ref-29)**["MIL-STD-1589 : JOVIAL Programming Language"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=36997). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
30. **[^](#cite_ref-30)**["MIL-STD-1750 : 16-Bit Computer Instruction Set Architecture"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=37110). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
31. **[^](#cite_ref-31)**["MIL-STD-1760 : Aircraft/Store Electrical Interconnection System"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=37120). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
32. **[^](#cite_ref-32)**["MIL-STD-1815 : Ada Programming Language"](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=37152). _ASSIST Quick Search_. [Defense Logistics Agency](/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency "Defense Logistics Agency"). Retrieved August 27, 2021.
33. **[^](#cite_ref-33)**[_Department of Defense Interface Standard: Joint Military Symbology (MIL-STD-2525D)_](https://web.archive.org/web/20170107004403/http://dtic.mil/doctrine/doctrine/other/ms_2525d.pdf)(PDF). Washington, DC: US Government (published 10 June 2014). 2014. Archived from [the original](http://dtic.mil/doctrine/doctrine/other/ms_2525d.pdf)(PDF) on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
34. **[^](#cite_ref-34)**["MILITARY SPECIFICATION IMPREGNANTS FOR CAST OR POWDER METAL COMPONENTS"](https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/107598/file-2258788609.pdf)(PDF). September 18, 1992.

## Further reading

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Further reading")\]

- Christensen, David S., David A. Searle, and Caisse Vickery, (1999), "The impact of the Packard Commission's recommendations on reducing cost overruns on defense acquisition contracts", _Acquisition Review Quarterly_, v 6, no. 3:251-262. [\[1\]](http://www.dau.mil/pubs/arqtoc.asp) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20050822113337/http://www.dau.mil/pubs/arqtoc.asp) 2005-08-22 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")
- DOD 4120.24-M, (2000), "DSP Policies & Procedures", Office of the Undersecretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics), March.
- Fowler, Charles A., (1994), "Defense acquisition: Grab the ax", _[IEEE Spectrum](/wiki/IEEE_Spectrum "IEEE Spectrum")_, v 31, no. 10:55-59.
- Kratz, Louis A., (2005), "Elimination of waivers to cite military specifications and standards in solicitations and contracts", Policy Memo 05-03, Assistant Deputy Undersecretary of Defense (Logistics Plans and Programs), Department of Defense, recorded in _Defense Acquisition, Technology and Logistics_, July - August 2005, p 91. [\[2\]](http://www.dau.mil/pubs/damtoc.asp) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20051211023009/http://www.dau.mil/pubs/damtoc.asp) 2005-12-11 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")
- McNally, William P., (1998), "Will commercial specifications meet our future air power needs?", _Acquisition Review Quarterly_, v 5, no. 3:297-316. [\[3\]](http://www.dau.mil/pubs/arq/98arq/mcnally.pdf)
- Perry, William, (1994), Memorandum from the Secretary of Defense to the Secretaries of the Military Departments, "Specifications & standards -- A new way of doing business", June 29, The Pentagon, Office of the Secretary of Defense. [\[4\]](http://sw-eng.falls-church.va.us/perry94.html)
- Poston, Alan, (2003), "The current state of human factors standardization", Gateway, Human Systems Information Analysis Center, v 14, no. 2:1-2. [\[5\]](https://web.archive.org/web/20041017010749/http://iac.dtic.mil/hsiac/GW-docs/gw_xiv_2.pdf)
- Reig, Raymond W., (2000), "Baselining acquisition reform", _Acquisition Review Quarterly_, v 7, no. 1:33-46. [\[6\]](http://www.dau.mil/pubs/arqtoc.asp) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20050822113337/http://www.dau.mil/pubs/arqtoc.asp) 2005-08-22 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")
- U.S. General Accounting Office, (1994), _Acquisition Reform: DOD Begins Program to Reform Specifications and Standards, Report to Congressional Committees_, October, GAO/NSIAD-95-14.
- U.S. Department of Defense, (2000), _MILSPEC Reform Final Report - An Ending: A New Beginning_, April, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology & Logistics), Defense Standardization Office.
- van Opstal, Debra, (1994), "Roadmap for MILSPEC reform: A national imperative", _Program Manager_, v 23, no. 1:10-13.

## External links

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Standard&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: External links")\]

- [Defense Standardisation Program](https://www.dsp.dla.mil/Specs-Standards/) – the official source for defense and federal specifications and standards, military handbooks, commercial item description, data item descriptions, and related standardization documents either prepared by, or adopted by, the Department of Defense
- [Acquisition Streamlining and Standardization Information System (ASSIST)](https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsSearch.aspx) – database of approved defense and federal standardization documents, adopted non-government standards (NGS), and U.S. ratified materiel International Standardization Agreements (ISAs)
- [Defense Standards (Gov IT Wiki)](https://web.archive.org/web/20080310013212/http://www.govitwiki.com/wiki/Defense_Standards) – where to obtain defense standards and specifications

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