Quatre nouveaux éléments chimiques découverts | Les Echos
Les scientifiques ont découvert et nommé quatre nouveaux éléments : le 113, 115, 117 et 118. Eurêka ! Des scientifiques japonais, russes et amé ...
Georgy Flyorov,
Le nom donné à l’élément 106 en est l’exemple parfait. Il a été découvert simultanément en 1974 par deux laboratoires différents : une équipe soviétique de l’Institut de recherche nucléaire de Dubna, menée par <anchor>Georgy Flyorov,</anchor> et une équipe américaine de l’université de Berkley en Californie. Puisque leurs travaux fût globalement considéré par la communauté scientifique comme les premier, les américains proposèrent le nom de seaborgium, en l’honneur de Glenn T. Seaborg, un chimiste américain vivant à l’époque, suscitant l’ire des Russes.
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- [1Biography](#Biography)
- [2Honours and awards](#Honours_and_awards)
- [3References](#References)
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# Georgy Flyorov

33 languages

- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81 "جورجي فليروف – Arabic")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Flerov "Georgi Flerov – Azerbaijani")
- [تۆرکجه](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%81 "قئورقی فلیرف – South Azerbaijani")
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- [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgij_Fljorov "Georgij Fljorov – Bosnian")
- [Буряад](https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 "Георгий Флёров – Russia Buriat")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gueorgui_Fli%C3%B3rov "Gueorgui Fliórov – Catalan")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgij_Fljorov "Georgij Fljorov – Czech")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Nikolajewitsch_Fljorow "Georgi Nikolajewitsch Fljorow – German")
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- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gueorgui_Fliorov "Gueorgui Fliorov – French")
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- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgij_Nikolaevi%C4%8D_Fl%C3%ABrov "Georgij Nikolaevič Flërov – Italian")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91 "גאורגי פליורוב – Hebrew")
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- [Latina](https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Fl%C3%ABrov "Georgius Flërov – Latin")
- [Malagasy](https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Flyorov "Georgy Flyorov – Malagasy")
- [مصرى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81 "جورجى فليروف – Egyptian Arabic")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Fljorov "Georgi Fljorov – Dutch")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A7%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95 "ゲオルギー・フリョロフ – Japanese")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gieorgij_Florow "Gieorgij Florow – Polish")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Flyorov "Georgy Flyorov – Portuguese")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.N._Flerov "G.N. Flerov – Romanian")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87 "Флёров, Георгий Николаевич – Russian")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgij_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Fljorov "Georgij Nikolajevič Fljorov – Slovenian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Flerov "Georgi Flerov – Finnish")
- [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F "เกออร์กี ฟลิโอรอฟ – Thai")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Flyorov "Georgi Flyorov – Turkish")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87 "Фльоров Георгій Миколайович – Ukrainian")
- [اردو](https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81 "جارجی فلیوروف – Urdu")
- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%BB%96%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB "格奥尔基·弗廖罗夫 – Chinese")

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other people with the same name, see [Flyorov](/wiki/Flyorov "Flyorov").

Soviet physicist

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You can help **expand this article with text translated from [the corresponding article](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87 "ru:Флёров, Георгий Николаевич") in Russian**. _(November 2015)_ Click \[show\] for important translation instructions.

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Georgii Flyorov

Георгий Флёров

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/RUSMARKA-1660.jpg/220px-RUSMARKA-1660.jpg)](/wiki/File:RUSMARKA-1660.jpg)

The commemorative [stamp](/wiki/Russian_stamps "Russian stamps") of Flyorov issued by Russia in 2013

Born(1913-03-02)2 March 1913

[Rostov-on-Don](/wiki/Rostov-on-Don "Rostov-on-Don"), [Russian Empire](/wiki/Russian_Empire "Russian Empire")

Died19 November 1990(1990-11-19) (aged 77)

[Moscow](/wiki/Moscow "Moscow"), [Soviet Union](/wiki/Soviet_Union "Soviet Union")

Resting place[Novodevichy Cemetery](/wiki/Novodevichy_Cemetery "Novodevichy Cemetery"), [Moscow](/wiki/Moscow "Moscow")Nationality[Russian](/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic")Citizenship![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png)[Soviet Union](/wiki/Soviet_Union "Soviet Union")Alma mater[Leningrad Polytechnic Institute](/wiki/Leningrad_Polytechnic_Institute "Leningrad Polytechnic Institute")Known forDiscovery of [spontaneous fission](/wiki/Spontaneous_fission "Spontaneous fission")

[Soviet atomic bomb project](/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project "Soviet atomic bomb project")Awards[Hero of Socialist Labor](/wiki/Hero_of_Socialist_Labor "Hero of Socialist Labor")(1949)**Scientific career**Fields[Physics](/wiki/Physics "Physics")Institutions[JINR](/wiki/Joint_Institute_for_Nuclear_Research "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research") and [LFTI](/wiki/Ioffe_Institute "Ioffe Institute")

[USSR Academy of Science](/wiki/USSR_Academy_of_Science "USSR Academy of Science")Notable students[Yuri Oganessian](/wiki/Yuri_Oganessian "Yuri Oganessian")

**Georgii Nikolayevich Flyorov** (also spelled **Flerov**,[\[1\]](#cite_note-Britannica-1) Russian: Гео́ргий Никола́евич Флёров, IPA:[\[gʲɪˈorgʲɪjnʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕˈflʲɵrəf\]](/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian "Help:IPA/Russian"); 2 March 1913 – 19 November 1990) was a Soviet [physicist](/wiki/Physics "Physics") who is known for his discovery of [spontaneous fission](/wiki/Spontaneous_fission "Spontaneous fission") and his important contribution towards the [crystallography](/wiki/Crystallography "Crystallography") and [material science](/wiki/Material_science "Material science"), for which, he was honored with many awards.[\[1\]](#cite_note-Britannica-1) In addition, he is also known for his letter directed to [Joseph Stalin](/wiki/Joseph_Stalin "Joseph Stalin"), during the midst of [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II "World War II"), to start a [program of nuclear weapons](/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project "Soviet atomic bomb project") in the [Soviet Union](/wiki/Soviet_Union "Soviet Union").[\[1\]](#cite_note-Britannica-1)

In 2012, element 114 was named [flerovium](/wiki/Flerovium "Flerovium") after the research laboratory at the [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research](/wiki/Joint_Institute_for_Nuclear_Research "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research") bearing his name.[\[2\]](#cite_note-2)

## Biography

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Georgy_Flyorov&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Biography")\]

Flyorov was born on 2 March 1913 in [Rostov-on-Don](/wiki/Rostov-on-Don "Rostov-on-Don") in [Russia](/wiki/Russian_Empire "Russian Empire").: 134 [\[3\]](#cite_note-3) His grandfather was a priest in the [Russian Orthodox Church](/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church "Russian Orthodox Church")—his mother was [Jewish](/wiki/Russian_Jews "Russian Jews").: 134 [\[4\]](#cite_note-World_Scientific,_Pondrom,_2018-4) After finishing schooling in 1929, he was trained as a [mechanic](/wiki/Auto_mechanic "Auto mechanic") and later as an electrician, first working as a technician at the [Kirov Plant](/wiki/Kirov_Plant "Kirov Plant").[\[5\]](#cite_note-russia-ic.com-5) In 1933–34, he was able to attend the [Leningrad Polytechnic Institute](/wiki/Leningrad_Polytechnic_Institute "Leningrad Polytechnic Institute") (now known as the [Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University](/wiki/Peter_the_Great_St._Petersburg_Polytechnic_University "Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University")), and [earned a specialist degree](/wiki/Specialist_degree "Specialist degree") from the Polytechnic Institute in physics under [Abram Ioffe](/wiki/Abram_Ioffe "Abram Ioffe")'s group in 1939.: 135 [\[4\]](#cite_note-World_Scientific,_Pondrom,_2018-4)[\[5\]](#cite_note-russia-ic.com-5) He found employment at the [Ioffe Institute](/wiki/Ioffe_Institute "Ioffe Institute") (then known as LFTI) and worked under [Igor Kurchatov](/wiki/Igor_Kurchatov "Igor Kurchatov").[\[5\]](#cite_note-russia-ic.com-5) Initially he worked with [Mikhail Rusinov](/wiki/Mikhail_Rusinov "Mikhail Rusinov") in fission applications in 1939 but discovered [spontaneous fission](/wiki/Spontaneous_fission "Spontaneous fission") in 1940 with [Konstantin Petrzhak](/wiki/Konstantin_Petrzhak "Konstantin Petrzhak") in 1940.[\[5\]](#cite_note-russia-ic.com-5)

He is known for writing to [Stalin](/wiki/Stalin "Stalin") in April 1942 as a lieutenant in the [Soviet Air Forces](/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces "Soviet Air Forces") and pointing out the conspicuous silence within the field of [nuclear fission](/wiki/Nuclear_fission "Nuclear fission") in the [United States](/wiki/United_States "United States"), the [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") and [Germany](/wiki/Germany "Germany").[\[6\]](#cite_note-6) Flyorov's urgings to "build the uranium bomb without delay"[\[7\]](#cite_note-7) eventually led to the development of the [Soviet atomic bomb project](/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project "Soviet atomic bomb project").

In the 1970s, he claimed as his discovery two [transition metal](/wiki/Transition_metal "Transition metal") elements: [seaborgium](/wiki/Seaborgium "Seaborgium")[\[8\]](#cite_note-8) and [bohrium](/wiki/Bohrium "Bohrium").[\[9\]](#cite_note-9)

He founded the [Flyorov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions](/wiki/Flyorov_Laboratory_of_Nuclear_Reactions "Flyorov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions") (FLNR), one of the main laboratories of the [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research](/wiki/Joint_Institute_for_Nuclear_Research "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research") in [Dubna](/wiki/Dubna "Dubna") in 1957, and was director there until 1989. Also during this period, he chaired the Scientific Council of the [Soviet Academy of Sciences](/wiki/Soviet_Academy_of_Sciences "Soviet Academy of Sciences").

## Honours and awards

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Georgy_Flyorov&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Honours and awards")\]

- [Hero of Socialist Labour](/wiki/Hero_of_Socialist_Labour "Hero of Socialist Labour") (1949)
- Two [Orders of Lenin](/wiki/Orders_of_Lenin "Orders of Lenin") (1949, 1983)
- [Order of the October Revolution](/wiki/Order_of_the_October_Revolution "Order of the October Revolution") (1973)
- [Order of the Red Banner of Labour](/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour "Order of the Red Banner of Labour"), three times (1959, 1963, 1975)
- [Order of the Patriotic War](/wiki/Order_of_the_Patriotic_War "Order of the Patriotic War"), 1st class (1985)
- [Lenin Prize](/wiki/Lenin_Prize "Lenin Prize") (1967)
- [Stalin Prize](/wiki/USSR_State_Prize "USSR State Prize"), twice (1946, 1949)
- [Marian Smoluchowski Medal](/wiki/Marian_Smoluchowski_Medal "Marian Smoluchowski Medal") (1974)
- [USSR State Prize](/wiki/USSR_State_Prize "USSR State Prize") (1975)
- Honorary Citizen of [Dubna](/wiki/Dubna "Dubna")
- The element [flerovium](/wiki/Flerovium "Flerovium") ( [atomic number](/wiki/Atomic_number "Atomic number") 114) named after him

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Georgy_Flyorov&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: References")\]

1. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-Britannica_1-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-Britannica_1-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-Britannica_1-2)["Georgy N. Flerov"](https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/210030). _[Encyclopædia Britannica](/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica "Encyclopædia Britannica")_. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
2. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**Brown, Mark (6 June 2011). ["Two Ultraheavy Elements Added to Periodic Table"](https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/06/new-heavy-elements/). _Wired_. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
3. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**Halka, Monica; Nordstrom, Brian (1 December 2019). [_Lanthanides and Actinides, Second Edition_](https://books.google.com/books?id=-NuPEAAAQBAJ&dq=Georgy+Flyorov+born+march&pg=PA134). Infobase Holdings, Inc. p. 149. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-4381-8210-0](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-8210-0 "Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-8210-0"). Retrieved 30 October 2022.
4. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-World_Scientific,_Pondrom,_2018_4-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-World_Scientific,_Pondrom,_2018_4-1)Pondrom, Lee G. (25 July 2018). [_Soviet Atomic Project, The: How The Soviet Union Obtained The Atomic Bomb_](https://books.google.com/books?id=vlZoDwAAQBAJ&dq=Georgy+Flyorov+born&pg=PA134). World Scientific. p. 784. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-981-323-557-1](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-323-557-1 "Special:BookSources/978-981-323-557-1"). Retrieved 30 October 2022.
5. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-russia-ic.com_5-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-russia-ic.com_5-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-russia-ic.com_5-2) [_**d**_](#cite_ref-russia-ic.com_5-3)["Georgy Flerov eminent physicist :: people :: Russia-InfoCentre"](http://russia-ic.com/people/general/f/460). _russia-ic.com_. Russian Info-center. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
6. **[^](#cite_ref-6)**Kean, Sam (12 July 2010). [_The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements_](https://archive.org/details/disappearingspoo0000kean). Little, Brown. pp. [86](https://archive.org/details/disappearingspoo0000kean/page/n95)–. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-316-08908-1](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-08908-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-316-08908-1").
7. **[^](#cite_ref-7)**Cochran TB _et al._ (1995) [Making the Russian bomb from Stalin to Yeltsin](http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_01019501a_138.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20101214091141/http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_01019501a_138.pdf) 14 December 2010 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). Natural Resources Defense Council
8. **[^](#cite_ref-8)**Oganesyan Yu.Ts.; Tret'yakov Yu.P.; M'inov A.S.; Demin A.G.; A.A. Pleve A.A.; Tret'yakova S.P.; Plotko V.M.; Ivanov M.P.; Danilov N.A.; Korotkin Yu.S.; Flerov G.N. (1974). ["Synthesis of neutron-deficient isotopes of fermium, kurchatovium, and element 106"](http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/1791/article_27348.shtml). _JETP Letters_. **20** (8): 265. [Bibcode](/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier) "Bibcode (identifier)"): [1974JETPL..20..265O](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974JETPL..20..265O). [Original Russian version](http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/876/article_13485.shtml).
9. **[^](#cite_ref-9)**Oganesyan Yu.Ts.; Demin A.G.; Danilov N.A.; Ivanov M.P.; Il'inov A.S.; Kolesnikov N.N.; Markov B.M.; Plotko V.M.; Tret'yakova S.P.; Flerov G.N. (1976). ["Experiments on the synthesis of element 107"](http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/1799/article_27509.shtml). _JETP Letters_. **23** (5): 277. [Bibcode](/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier) "Bibcode (identifier)"): [1976JETPL..23..277O](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976JETPL..23..277O). [Original Russian version](http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/571/article_8986.shtml) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140714191127/http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/571/article_8986.shtml) 14 July 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine").

## External links

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- [Significant Flerov Dates](https://web.archive.org/web/20050222174029/http://159.93.28.88/flnr/flerov/dates.html)
- [Annotated bibliography of Georgy Flerov from the Alsos Digital Library](https://web.archive.org/web/20060828140838/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FFlerov%2C+Georgi)
- [A draft of Flerov's letter to Stalin](https://web.archive.org/web/20101214091141/http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_01019501a_138.pdf)

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- [Perseus](/wiki/Perseus_(spy) "Perseus (spy)")

Related Articles

- [Russia and weapons of mass destruction](/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction "Russia and weapons of mass destruction")
- [Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction](/wiki/Ukraine_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction "Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction")
- [Kazakhstan and weapons of mass destruction](/wiki/Kazakhstan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction "Kazakhstan and weapons of mass destruction")
- [Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy](/wiki/Nuclear_Explosions_for_the_National_Economy "Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy")

_See also:_ [Nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union](/wiki/Category:Nuclear_weapons_program_of_the_Soviet_Union "Category:Nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union")

[Authority control databases](/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control")[![Edit this at Wikidata](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723033#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata")

International

- [ISNI](https://isni.org/isni/0000000115890550)
- [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/306140665)
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Academics

- [Scopus](https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6701596258)
- [Leopoldina](https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/georgij-n-flerov/)

People

- [Deutsche Biographie](https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1068540524.html?language=en)

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