Types of Mahjong - SiGMA World
From Chinese to Taiwanese and American Mahjong, we cover them all. Get to know the different Mahjong variations and select one that suits you best!
learn the gameplay of Mahjong
Mahjong is not a simple game, but it can be mastered. So, if you’re up to it check this article to <anchor>learn the gameplay of Mahjong</anchor>. It has evolved over time, resulting in many variants. It’s not only found in mainland China but also outside its borders, as the game has become popular in other regions outside China. Furthermore, the game can vary a lot between countries. For example, you could be an expert in China but not Japan. Knowing the differences between the Mahjong variations will make you an expert, though, so keep learning.
How to Play Mahjong
How to Play Mahjong

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# Learn How to Play Mahjong

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**Content Team**November 16, 2022

[SiGMA](https://sigma.world/play/) [Blog](https://sigma.world/play/blog/)

Learn How to Play Mahjong

The game of Mahjong consists of tiles and is played by four players. The Qing dynasty is credited for developing it, which spread across the globe by the early 20th century.

Known as Sparrow because of the clacking of the tiles that resembled the chattering of sparrows, its origins are unknown. However, one theory suggests that it’s an adaptation of an earlier card game called “madiao.” Depending on how you shuffle the tiles, locals have also referred to the game as “dry swimming.”

It’s a game of strategy, luck, and skill, and I’ll cover everything you need to know, from the basic rules to the gameplay.

## What is Mahjong?

The South China Morning Post reported that Mahjong, or Mah Jongg, **originated more than 300 years ago in China**. The game requires four players and is widely played in Asia and around the globe.

After being **introduced to the United States around 1920 by Joseph P. Babcock**, an American businessman who had lived in China, the game gained particular popularity. New York’s Abercrombie & Fitch was the first to sell Mahjong sets.

The game of **Mahjong consists of 144 tiles**, each displaying an illustration from one of five categories. Chinese symbols or characters are used in the illustrations.

![a set of mahjong tiles](https://images.sigma.world/Mahjong-tiles.jpg)

## Equipment Needed for Playing Mahjong

Before I explain how to play Mahjong, I’ll list the equipment you’ll need in the sections below.

### Tiles

**There are 144 tiles** in a Mah Jong (Mahjong) set, usually 30 x 20 x 15mm. Plastic has replaced bone or ivory as a common material for these sets. Below, you can learn more about the **types of tiles in Mahjong**:

- Four sets of nine circle tiles numbered **1-9**.
- Among the **36 tiles**, nine are in **each of four sets**.
- Each set of **bamboo tiles** contains 36 tiles numbered 1-9.
- 1\. A sparrow or rice bird often depicts one of the bamboos.
- 2\. Red and green bamboos represent 1, 5, 7, and 9.
- 3\. The other bamboo tiles are represented only by green bamboos.
- Each of the **four winds** is represented by four tiles.
- The tiles have **12 dragons**:
- **Four Red dragons**, which represent bright red characters.
- **Four Green dragons** represent bright green characters.
- **Four White dragons**, which represent completely blank tiles.
- A capital letter ‘P’ is used to denote a white dragon, which stands for ‘Pai,’ which means pure or white.

### Suits

A mahjong set has **numbered tiles called suits**. Namely, there are **only three suits** in Mahjong, bamboos, characters, and dots numbered 1 through 9. There are **four tiles of each suit**, making 108 tiles in all. Since suit tiles can be chowed, punched, konged, or paired, they offer the most flexibility.

### Honors

The **Wind suit is one of two honor suits**. Each tile features a compass direction character — north, east, south, and west. In order to recognize and organize this suit, you must learn to read the **cardinal direction characters in Chinese**.

There are four sets with four tiles each. Therefore, there are **16 wind tiles** in each game set.

**Arrows, or dragons, are the other honor** suit. Each set of arrow tiles has three tiles. As a result of ancient imperial exams, archery, and Confucius’ cardinal virtues, **this trio has multiple meanings**.

### Seasons and Flowers

Flowers can be worn as an **optional suit**. Each tile has a picture of a flower and a number ranging from one to four. Interestingly, each region has its way of playing the flower suit. Flowers can be **used as wild cards to complete tile combinations or as a Joker in card games**. Moreover, you can earn extra points by using flowers.

As with the flower tiles, the seasons are associated with a specific wind:

- Spring – East
- Summer – South
- Autumn – West
- Winter – North

Even though each season has only one tile, all four-season tiles match.

### Wild Card or Jokers

Joker tiles can be used in assembling a hand, but for example, you can use four jokers in Southeast Asian and Chinese mahjong variations, including Shanghainese mahjong. On the other hand, you can use eight jokers in American Mahjong.

### Dice

To determine seating and wall breaking, dice are used. There are **usually two to three dice in a typical set**. Therefore, it would be sufficient to use any six-sided dice. There are, however, some differences between mahjong dice and normal board game dice, including rounded corners and red numbers one and four.

### Score Cards

In Mahjong, hands range in difficulty from 1 to 88 points, and a simple sum is derived by adding the points from each hand. In order to win, Mahjong can be declared with a minimum of eight points in the **official Chinese version**. Using a scorecard, you can keep track of your score.

### Wind indicators

Wind indicators display the current **wind speed**. Usually, it’s held by the east (dealer). American Mahjong is referred to as a bettor, as the fifth player bets on who will win.

Different sizes and shapes are available, but generally, the most common forms are a rotating cylinder, disc, or cube and its placeholder.

### Scoring Sticks and Coins

There are many ways to play Mahjong, considering many elements such as points, cash, coins, or chips, but the most popular method is with scoring sticks, also known as ”bones”.

This set is ideal if you have a Mahjong set without scoring sticks or prefer to play with more sticks.

### Racks and Pushers

Tiles are held in racks while pushers, also known as “extending arms” or “helping hands,” push the wall into place. Note that racks and pushers were traditionally separate. However, the modern set includes racks attached with pushers to make it more convenient.

![Mahjong table with four players on each side with tiles in front of them](https://images.sigma.world/Mahjong-table.png)

## How to Play Mahjong?

There are variations of the game in different regions, but the basic rules of Mahjong are the same:

- Face the illustration down as you shuffle the tiles.
- Dice are rolled, and the dealer gets the biggest roll, and the person to their right is the first to play.
- The players choose 36 tiles and arrange them into two rows of 18 each.
- After that, the “walls” are pushed forward, leaving a space on the table for discarded tiles.
- As the players take turns, they draw thirteen tiles from the pool, or the dealer divides them.
- When the first player draws a tile from the pool, he or she can keep it or discard it so that their total number remains 13. Then, this process is repeated in a circle by the players. After that, you can take a new tile or pick up one discarded by another player.
- Pong or Kong melds are formed when a player discards a tile, regardless of their turn. Compared to a Chow meld formed when the player to your left discards a tile. Note that a meld made using a discarded tile has to be announced and displayed to the other Mahjong players.
- The player with four melds, or suits, and a pair wins. The total number of tiles required is fourteen.

## How to Read Score Cards?

Red, blue, or green numbers or letters represent the hands on a scorecard. **Using different colors** **means using different suits** since the colors aren’t specific to a particular suit. For example, there are no suits for flowers and zeros, which will always be blue.

1-9In accordance with the tile’s specific number (excluding flowers)N,S,E,WNorth, South, East, WestDDragonRRed DragonGGreen Dragon0White Dragon (Soap)FFlower

To organize the scorecard, you can use common patterns to categorize hands:

YearA year’s patterns, such as 2023. 2’s, 0’s, and 3’s would be used in such cases. The white dragon is always used as a zero.2468Patterns that require even numbered tiles.Change-upThis section variesQuintsA hand with at least one quint (5 identical tiles), at least one of which is a Joker.Consecutive RunsPatterns of consecutive numbers.13579Patterns that require odd-numbered tiles.Winds-DragonsPatterns requiring wind and dragon tiles.369Patterns using 3’s, 6’s, and 9’s.Singles and PairsPatterns with single and paired tiles.

There are several different combinations for each hand. It’s possible to find combinations with non-matching tiles, but most have at least two matching identical tiles.

PairTwo identical tiles.PungThree identical tiles.KongFour identical tiles.QuintFive identical tiles, with the use of Jokers.SextetSix identical tiles, with the use of Jokers.

Each hand has a value for scoring or gambling. The hand is marked with an ‘X’ or ‘C,’ depending on whether it is exposed or concealed:

EExposedCConcealed

## The Charleston (American Mahjong)

The “Charleston” sequences before the gameplay are one of the main differences between **American-style Mahjong** and other Mahjong styles. Charlestons are exchanges of tiles among players. By passing tiles to other Mahjong players during the Charleston, players can get rid of tiles they don’t want.

There are **three stages** to the Charleston:

- The First Charleston (required)
- The Second Charleston (optional)
- The Courtesy Pass (optional)

Let’s examine each stage in more detail in the following sections.

### First Charleston

You, as a player, **must perform the first Charleston** regardless of how many hands you have drawn from the wall. The step consists of three passes:

- 1st pass — To the right of each player, three tiles are passed.
- 2nd pass — Players pass three tiles to each other.
- 3rd pass — It’s the responsibility of each player to pass three tiles to the player on the left. When you perform this step, you can choose to perform a “Blind Pass” by taking one, two, or three tiles and passing them to the player to your left.

### Second Charleston

Performing the **Second Charleston is optional** and must be agreed upon by all players. Three passes are involved in this step:

- 1st Pass – Each player passes three tiles to the player on their left.
- 2nd pass – Players pass three tiles to each other.
- 3rd pass – Players pass three tiles to their right. It is possible to perform a “Blind Pass” at this step.

### Courtesy Pass

When the First Charleston and Second Charleston are completed, two players who sit across may want to perform **one last pass**. Depending on the lesser tile request, one, two, or three tiles can be passed. The courtesy pass won’t be completed between a player and the player if no tiles are exchanged.

When all Charleston steps have been completed, the game can begin.

## Tips for Playing Mahjong

If you still wonder, “how do you play Mahjong?” don’t worry, as I will explain several Mahjong gameplay tips in the following sections, such as drawing and discarding tiles, calling tiles, rules of joker in Mahjong, how to end the game, and some common errors.

### Discarding and Drawing Tiles

The excitement begins as players attempt to improve their hands. Since East has 14 tiles, it **discards a tile** when it starts the game. Unless a discarded tile is called (claimed by another player), the turn passes to the next player on the right.

Next, a tile is drawn from the wall. Next, **the tiles are taken from where the walls were broken**. Finally, when two tiles are high; otherwise, the bottom tile is picked.

In either case, the **drawn tile** can either be discarded or placed in the player’s hand and discarded similarly. Their names are announced upon discarded tiles being placed **face up in the center of the table**. It won’t take the other players long to figure out which kind of hand you want to build when you discard a tile.

The turn moves to the next player on the left if the next player does not call the discarded tile on the right. **Drawing the card**, discarding it, and continuing the turn is continued until an interruption occurs by a call.

### Calling Tiles

During the play, any player may use the tile **they just discarded if it completes either a pung, kong, quint, sextet or some other exposed hand combination** (the types of hands marked with an “X” on the scorecard).

- When a hand consists of only one tile, it is not permitted to call one for it to be completed.
- To complete the Mahjong hands, each tile must form a pair with the adjacent tile.
- Those tiles discarded before the most recent update are called dead tiles.

If a player calls for a **discarded tile**, and that tile doesn’t result in Mahjong, the combination completed by that tile is exposed face up on top of the rack and that combination cannot be changed for the rest of the game. Following the discarding of the tile, the player will discard a tile, and if no one else calls it, the turn will go to the player to the right. Some players’ **turns may be skipped when a tile is called**.

If several people call at the same time, provisions are made as follows:

- Any tile a player calls to complete the mahjong hand trumps any tile called by any other player.
- As long as none of the calls make sense in terms of completing a mahjong hand, the discarded tile will be given to the nearest player to complete the hand.

You must draw all the tiles in your hand **from the wall to hit a concealed hand** (the hand with a “C” next to its value on the scorecard) that has been concealed. Except for the last one, which allows you to declare Mahjong, none of these things may be called tiles except for the last one.

## Joker Mahjong Rules

In addition to tiles used in a pung, a kong, a quartet, and a sextet, jokers can replace any tile in any combination. As a result, you cannot use tiles for completing a pair or a single tile if you have one in hand.

It is possible to **exchange the joker** for a tile in an exposed combination when a joker is substituting a tile if you happen to have the tile that is being replaced:

- Draw a tile from the wall as usual on your turn, or call for a discard before the turn.
- Substitute the substitute joker for the actual matching tile. It is possible to exchange multiple matching tiles for the exposed jokers.
- If you want your hand to remain populated with the right number of tiles, you must discard a tile.

As long as the joker creates a combination, you do not have to expose any tiles when you exchange for it. In addition, it is permissible to **exchange jokers in dead hands** (hands not in the game due to a rule violation).

## How to End the Mahjong Game?

The game of **Mahjong ends when a player declares** that it has ended or when they **have drawn all the tiles on the wall**.

The game of Mahjong is created when the scorecard is filled in with tiles from the wall or tiles called from a discard. In addition, it may be added a tile from the wall. It is the player who declares “Mahjong” who **wins the game**.

To determine the payout to the winner is based on the **value of the hand** and the way that Mahjong has been created:

Type of MahjongPayoutMahjong made off a discard.Discarder pays double the hand’s value to the winner. Other players pay a single amount.Mahjong made off a draw from the wall.Each player doubles the value of each hand.There are no jokers in Mahjong, and it does not fall into the Singles and Pairs category.Winners of discarding hands are paid four times the hand’s value. Other players pay double.A draw from the wall is used in Mahjong, which contains no jokers and is not categorized as Singles or Pairs.Four times the hand value is paid by each player.

### Draw

As long as no Mahjong is called, all tiles from the wall have been collected, and the last discard has been made. The result of this is that no payouts are made as a result.

## Mahjong Game Rules for Errors

Incorrect discards, incorrect exposures, and incorrect calls of Mahjong are some errors that can happen. In these types of situations, there may be penalties that have to be paid. As a general guideline, here are some general guidelines regarding errors:

ErrorPenaltyThe table has been touched or announced by an accidentally discarded tile.Tile cannot be taken back.A tile has been announced incorrectly.Tile cannot be claimed.Tiles are called but not exposed.The call may be retracted.An incorrect exposure has been made.The exposure may be corrected before discarding.A player has too few or too many tiles.At the end of the game, the player’s hand is dead (out of the game), but the winner will receive the same payout as all the other players.There are too few or too many tiles for three players.The game is replayed.Based on the tiles exposed on a player’s rack, another discovers that the player’s hand is impossible.The player’s hand is dead.Mahjong is declared incorrectly in this case, but the hand has not been exposed.No penalty, and the game continues.Mahjong is declared incorrectly, and the hand is exposed.A player’s hand is dead. In this game, the player pays the winner.

## Conclusion

Mahjong is an excellent way to learn about Chinese characters, culture, and tradition, keep your brain sharp, and, most importantly, have fun. Learn the different variations of this game, and design your strategy based on your knowledge of the different tiles.

### FAQ

**How many players are in a game of Mahjong?**

Three or four players can participate in the Mahjong game.

**How many tiles are used per Mahjong game?**

A Mahjong game requires 144 tiles and two dice. However, the way people play varies from country to country due to cultural differences.

**How long does a game of Mahjong take?**

The Mahjong game can last around two hours.

**Is Mahjong Chinese or Japanese?**

Mahjong originated in China in the 19th century.

**How many Mahjong pieces do you start with?**

There are many variations of Mahjong, but usually, a player starts with 13 tiles

**Is Mahjong good for your brain?**

[It’s found effective](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120035/) in middle-aged and elderly people that playing Mahjong improves attention, logical thinking, and short-term memory.

**Is Mahjong based on luck or skill?**

Mahjong game is a game of skill and luck, 25% and 75%, respectively.

**Is Mahjong difficult to learn?**

It’s not the easiest game to master, but the basics of the game can be learned in no time.

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[List of Funny Bingo Calls & Their Explanations](https://sigma.world/play/blog/bingo-calls/)

The callers at Bingo and the nicknames for the numbers are both integral parts of Bingo’s electrifying entertainment value. It’s a bonus to wait for your number to be called in a funny and sometimes cheeky way, along with the thrill of marking off your numbers and winning prizes.
Today, bingo fans can play a classic game of Bingo on an online bingo site, where the numbers are selected by a random number generator (RNG), thanks to modern technology. However, if you visit your local Bingo Hall, you’ll hear the catchy and witty Bingo calls you’re familiar with.
Depending on the setting, formal or informal, bingo calls can be customized to fit the occasion. Here, we list and explain some of the all-time favorites and some of the new bingo calls doing rounds today.
What Are Bingo Calls?
Bingo calls serve as individual clarifiers for the 90 numbers displayed during a game. These unique nicknames arose as practical solutions for distinguishing similar-sounding numbers, particularly in noisy environments. This linguistic creativity has roots in London's bingo halls and has since evolved, incorporating elements of pop culture.
Understanding these calls is a key aspect of learning how to play bingo, as they add both fun and clarity to the game. The following section provides a detailed list of bingo numbers alongside their corresponding calls, shedding light on the variations that emerge from different regions and caller styles.
Traditional Bingo Calls
Traditional bingo calls resonate with a sense of historical importance, nostalgia, and charm. Each call, unique in its own right, transforms more than just a number. They are associated with stories, origins, or rhymes, adding depth to the bingo names for numbers.
As players navigate the bingo calls list, they experience a journey through a rich cultural tapestry. The bingo calling numbers 1–90 are not just a sequence but a collection of narratives, each with its unique flair. The list below goes beyond mere calls; it delves into the heart of the game, revealing the creativity and tradition behind bingo number rhymes.
NumberBingo callBrief explanation1 Kelly's eyeMilitary slang term. Possibly linked to the outlaw Ned Kelly.2One little duckThe number two visually resembles a duck.3Cup of teaA playful rhyme with a British touch4Knock at the doorEchoing a line from a children's rhyme5Man aliveA rhyming phrase6Half a dozen Tom MixStraightforward count Tribute to a Western film star7Lucky sevenUniversally recognized as a lucky number8Garden gate One fat ladyA rhyming code "8" resembles a voluptuous figure9Doctor's ordersOriginates from a military laxative pill number10(Prime Minister's) den Customizable with the current Prime Minister11Legs elevenThe number looks like a pair of legs12One dozenSimply twelve units13Unlucky for someReflects superstition around the number 1314Valentine's dayMarks the date of the romantic holiday15Young and keenRhymes and reflects youthful enthusiasm16Sweet sixteenCelebrates this coming-of-age milestone17Dancing queenReference to the famous ABBA song18Coming of ageSignifies adulthood in the UK19Goodbye teensMarks the end of teenage years20One scoreA traditional counting term for 2021Key of the door  Royal saluteAge of independence  Military tradition22Two little ducksThe number resembles two ducks23The Lord is my shepherd Thee and meBiblical psalmAn old rhyme24Two dozenSimply 2425Duck and diveVisual and rhyming play with 2 and 5.26Half a crownOld British currency reference27Gateway to heavenA rhyme linking to divinity28In a stateDerived from Cockney slang29Rise and shineEncouraging a bright start30Dirty GertieFrom a wartime song31Get up and runEnergizing call to action32Buckle my shoeFrom a popular nursery rhyme33Dirty knee  Fish, chips, and peasRhyme  Classic meal34Ask for moreA follow-up rhyme to 3335Jump and jiveEvokes a lively dance36Three dozenA simple multiplication37More than 11Factually, more than 1138Christmas cakeAnother Cockney slang phrase39StepsRefers to the movie The 39 Steps40Naughty 40 Life beginsRhyming fun A proverb about life's start41Time for funRhymes with the desire for enjoyment42Winnie the PoohRhymes with the beloved children's character43Down on your kneesA phrase from military history44Droopy drawersA humorous visual rhyme45Halfway thereMidpoint in a game of 90-ball bingo46Up to tricksSuggests playful mischief47Four and sevenSimply the numbers stated48Four dozenAnother straightforward count49PCA nod to an old police series50Half a century It's a bullseye!5 – 0, 5 – 0, it's off to work we goFifty years Darts scoreSnow White reference51Tweak of the thumbA rhyming phrase52Danny La Rue Deck of cardsTribute to the entertainer Number of cards in a deck53Here comes Herbie! Stuck in the treeDisney car reference Visual rhyme54Clean the floor Man at the doorRhymes with 5455Snakes aliveRhymes and resembles snakes56Was she worth it? Shotts busOld marriage license cost Local reference57Heinz varietiesFrom the company's slogan58Make them waitA simple rhyme59Brighton lineRefers to a train line60Grandma's getting frisky Five dozenHumorous age reference Count61Baker's bunA playful rhyme62Tickety-boo Turn the screwPressure phrase Rhymes with 6263Tickle meRhymes, a light-hearted call64Almost retired Red rawOn the cusp of retirement age Rhymes with 6465Old age pensionThe milestone age for pension eligibility66Clickety clickRhymes with 6667Stairway to heavenInspired by the famous Led Zeppelin song68Pick a mate Saving graceEncourages choosing a companion A phrase denoting a fortunate turn69Any way up A favorite of mineThe number looks the same upside-down Referring to the 69 sex position70Three score and 10A biblical way of saying 7071Bang on the drumSuggests making a celebratory noise72Six dozenA simple multiplication, twelve times six73Queen beeRhymes, suggests authority or a pivotal figure in a group74Hit the floor Candy storeAn invitation to dance A sweet treat75Strive and striveRhymes with 7576TrombonesA reference to the musical number in the show The Music Man.77Sunset StripA nod to the famous TV show7839 more stepsA clever doubling of the number 3979One more timeRhymes with 7980Gandhi's breakfast Eight and blankA pun on "ate nothing" Simply "8" and a space81Stop and run Fat lady with a walking stickRhymes, a contradictory phrase Visual imagery of the number82Straight on throughRhymes with 8283Time for teaRhymes, a quintessentially British phrase84Give me moreRhymes85Staying aliveA reference to the popular Bee Gees song86Between the sticksA soccer term for the goalkeeper's position87Torquay in DevonA geographical reference to a place in the UK88Two fat ladiesThe shape of the numbers resembles two women side by side89Nearly thereIndicates being close to the end90Top of the shopHighest number in bingo
Modern and Funny Bingo Calls
As bingo continues to evolve and adapt to modern times, its calls also undergo a transformation. This dynamic shift in calls is a reflection of contemporary cultural influences, evident in the updated list of modern bingo calls.
These new calls often draw inspiration from recent events, celebrities, and current trends. They represent a fresh take on the classic game, injecting humor and relevance into every round. As for funny bingo calls, they add entertainment, often eliciting smiles from players.
While traditional calls hold a special place in the hearts of many, these bingo callouts provide a refreshing change, and we'll go over some of them now in the table below.
NumberModern Bingo CallsBrief explanation1One DirectionA nod to the famous British boy band2Doctor WhoA tribute to the iconic British sci-fi television series8Tinder dateReflecting modern dating culture, where swiping right can lead to a date9Selfie timeCapturing the era of smartphones and the selfie craze14Netflix and chillA popular phrase indicating a relaxed night in, often with romantic implications.15Yass queenA phrase of empowerment, popular in gay culture22Tay TayA playful reference to Taylor Swift, the renowned pop singer48Not another Brexit debateA humorous nod to the seemingly endless discussions about Brexit49Amazon PrimeSignifying the era of rapid online shopping and streaming services71J-Lo's bumCelebrating the famous pop star Jennifer Lopez, known for her curves86Instagram picsRepresents the culture of sharing life moments on Instagram88Wills and KateReference to the royal couple, Prince William and Kate Middleton
The Origin Story of Bingo Nicknames
The tradition of using rhymes with bingo numbers dates back to mid-20th century London. Initially, these rhymes served a unique purpose, functioning as coded messages or secret lingo among groups.
When bingo started to gain popularity, players in bingo halls adopted these ingenious rhymes as a practical tool to distinguish between similar-sounding numbers. For instance, distinguishing between 15 and 50 in a bustling hall became easier with these unique nicknames.
As bingo grew in popularity even more, these original rhymes evolved, resulting in new bingo phrases that varied from one region to another. Each district added local culture and humor to the mix. This evolution transformed bingo calls into a colorful mosaic of expressions, reflecting the diversity and creativity of bingo communities worldwide.
To Call or Not to Call? The Bingo Lingo Dilemma
Whimsical nicknames assigned to bingo balls have been a topic of debate among bingo callers. Is it better to stick to straightforward, clear number announcements or embrace the fun and playful aspect of bingo lingo? This dilemma often boils down to personal preference and audiences' expectations.
The UK's first female bingo caller, Mandy Gorgan, offers a unique perspective. Prioritizing clarity and focus in her calling style, Mandy chooses not to use traditional calls like "legs 11." She argues that with significant sums of money involved in the game, silly lingo can be more distracting than entertaining.
Beacon Bingo Club's assistant manager, Mark Wilson, notes a shift in trends, highlighting that certain traditional calls like 88 have become outdated. "It's very cheesy," he remarks, suggesting a continuous evolution of bingo lingo.
The Internet's Influence on the Evolution of Bingo Calling Numbers
The digital age has played a significant role in transforming bingo, particularly in how bingo nicknames are used and shared. With the rise of online gambling, bingo fanatics from the UK and beyond can connect and play free bingo, sharing regional sayings and enjoying camaraderie. This online interaction has helped spread bingo calls more widely than ever, keeping them vibrant and evolving.
Playing bingo, whether on online bingo sites, in a pub, or in a traditional bingo hall, isn't just about the game; it's about the community. The humorous banter over various calls and numbers adds to the fun, creating bonds among players who share laughs and the thrill of the game. This sense of community is a key reason why bingo remains one of the most beloved gambling games worldwide.

![](https://sigma.world/app/themes/sigma-main/public/images/icons/material-access-time.68b979.svg)**August 2, 2022**

Posted by **Content Team**

[Mastering Omaha Hi-Lo Poker: A Comprehensive Guide](https://sigma.world/play/blog/how-to-play-omaha-hi-lo/)

If you enjoy playing poker and are looking for a new challenge, you should try Hi-Lo Omaha. This game is similar to Texas Hold'em, but with an exciting twist. You need to understand the rules, best Hi-Lo strategies, and betting structure to learn how to play Hi-Lo Omaha. Let's dive into this article to learn more.
What Is Hi-Lo Omaha?
If you're familiar with pot-limit Omaha or "Omaha high," you're on the right track to learning Omaha Hi-Lo. In Omaha Hi-Lo Poker, players compete for the high and low halves of the pot, as the name implies. In addition to being played with fixed-limit betting, Omaha Hi-Lo is frequently incorporated into "mixed game" formats, such as the popular 8-game mix Poker.
The game is sometimes referred to as "Omaha 8" or "Omaha Hi-Lo 8 or better." There are also pot-limit and no-limit variations, which are both popular either as tournaments or cash games.
High Low Omaha Rules
According to traditional hand rankings, the "high" hand in Omaha Hi-Lo follows the same rules as in hold'em or Omaha high games like PLO. If you're new to split-pot games or Hi-Lo Poker, the "low" hand requires a little more explanation.
If you have a high hand, regardless of the cards you use, you can also make a low hand. For example, when building your five-card Poker hand, you can use two cards from your four-card hand plus three community cards.
For Omaha Hi-Lo, all cards that make up a low hand must be ranked eight or lower according to the rules. This is the origin of the phrase "split-8-or-better," usually added to the game's name.
Five unpaired cards ranked eight or lower constitute a low qualifying hand. In a low hand, an ace is considered the lowest card, while it can also serve as the highest card in a high hand.
In Omaha Hi-Lo, it doesn't matter if you have a straight or flush with your five lowest cards (if they are all ranked 8 or lower), you still have a low hand. Omaha Hi Lo differs from other "lowball" games because flushes and straights don't raise your low hand.
Thus, the lowest possible Omaha Hi-Lo hand would be 5-4-3-2-A, the best "low hand." The next lowest possible hand would be 6-4-3-2-A. In Omaha Hi-Lo, 8-7-6-5-4 is the worst low hand.
To determine which low hand is the best, every player needs to consider each hand in terms of its five-digit number, and the hand with the lowest number is the best (or lowest). Therefore, 5-4-3-2-A is better than 6-4-3-2-A, and 6-4-3-2-A is better than 6-5-3-2-A.
How to Play Omaha Hi-Lo
A 52-card deck is used in Omaha Hi-Lo Poker, also known as Omaha 8-or-better. Initially, each player receives four cards, and then the dealer puts five face-up cards on the table.
After that, players must make both a high hand and a low hand by selecting cards from their hand and the community cards. Two cards from each player's hand and three from the community must be included in both hands. Winners are determined by having both the highest and the lowest hands.
Hi-Lo Omaha Strategy
It can be challenging for new players to rethink some of the fundamentals they've learned while playing Texas Hold'em. In Omaha Poker, high card combinations such as A-K and A-Q do not have the same power to dominate a hand as in Hold'em.
A single big pair is unlikely to still be ahead by the river because more card combinations are available; a straight, flush, or any other draw is more likely. We recommend following a few basic play rules when it comes to Omaha Hi-Lo strategy:
On the flop, you should be able to make several different hands (or draws) based on your four-hole cards.
As middle cards are less useful than high or low cards, your hand should have three very strong cards to go with it (i.e., 7, 8, 9, T).
Keep position in mind, and relax your starting hand requirements if no one has shown strength.
When calculating your pot odds, make the appropriate adjustments if you're only drawing to half the pot.
Keeping your hand too close to the table can lead to you being easily outdrawn if you flop the nuts.
Tips for Playing High-Low Poker
It can’t be very clear to play Omaha Hi Lo Eight or Better. In Omaha Poker, there are more than 16,000 possible starting hand combinations instead of 169 in Holdem. However, following these ten tips, you should not have any problems to play.
Ace-Deuce
As far as Omaha Hi-Lo is concerned, the only hands that are strong enough to survive in this game are those that contain two Aces and a Deuce. In Poker, hands with these two cards are considered the highest-rated combos in the game. Therefore, an Ace-Deuce and two random cards in a full game will yield a higher profit than two Aces and two random cards. Playing Ace-Deuce preflop in a loose game is also almost always possible. However, some Ace-Ace hands do not perform as well as Ace-Deuce hands.
The More Help, the Better
Undoubtedly, the more closely connected your cards are, the better your chances of winning. Unfortunately, your opponents also have a lot of cards. If you want to survive through the river, you may need them.
Have a Backup for Your Low
Compared to the dry Ace-Deuce, the Ace-Deuce-Three is far superior. A counterfeited card on the board is likely to lose the hand unless you have another low card. In the case of the flop being 874 and you holding the A2, you have 8742A for the nut low. A seven might be made by someone else, but 8742A may be the lowest of all possible lows if another Ace or Deuce falls. Your opponent would now have 7432A for the low nut if you were dealt a deuce on the turn. On the market, counterfeit items aren't uncommon. Each time a player flops the nut low with six outs, they have a 24% chance of being counterfeited.
Have Backup for Your High
You can expect your flopped nuts to be in roughly 114th place by the river, just like the low. Omaha HiLo Poker is a game where you need the nuts with redraws to survive. With the flop being 7s 8sTc and the 9JQA with no spades, you're probably in a lot of trouble despite having the nut high. You are in third place if you get a low draw, a flush draw, and a couple of random hands against you. There is also a possibility that someone else might have the same nut straight as you but with redraws to go along with it if there is a lot of action on the flop. If that's the case, you're somewhere between a two to one and three-to-one dog. Don't forget that you flopped the nuts!
Protect Your Hand
With this, a player is only able to play live Poker. There is a common occurrence where half of the players seated at the table hold their hands away from their bodies so they can check their cards throughout the course of the hand while they are seated at the table. Due to this, all their neighbors are always able to see what they are holding at all times. The more people don't know what you have, the harder it is for you to win a game of Poker when no one knows what you have. When they have a look at your hand, the chances of you making a profit are slim, as well.
Conclusion
There are not many difficulties in learning Omaha Hi-Lo, especially if you already know how to play pot-limit Omaha. However, despite the fact that the Hi-Lo Omaha strategy can seem complicated, there is a great deal of importance placed on knowing what strong starting hands are, for example, hands containing an Ace with at least 1 or 2 low cards, and especially a deuce, so that you do not make the mistake of fighting only for the high or low cards.
FAQ
How do you win high low in Omaha?
To win High Low in Omaha, you need to make the best high hand and the best low hand. The best high hand is the standard Poker hand using two hole cards and three community cards, while the best low hand must have five cards of different ranks with a maximum of eight.
What are the best starting hands for Omaha Hi-Lo?
The best starting hands in Omaha Hi-Lo include hands that can potentially make both strong high and low hands. Examples include A-A-2-3, A-2-3-4, A-A-5-6, A-2-5-6, and 2-3-4-5. Four low cards and two high cards or four high cards and two low cards are generally weak starting hands.
What is the difference between Omaha and Omaha Hi-Lo Poker?
The difference is that in Omaha Hi-Lo, the pot is split between the best high hand and the best low hand. In Omaha, only the best high hand wins the pot. Learning this distinction is the key to learning how to play Omaha Hi-Lo.
How do you play 5 card Omaha Hi-Lo?
In 5-Card Omaha Hi-Lo, each player is dealt five hole cards, and the rules are similar to regular Omaha Hi-Lo. Players must use two of their hole cards and three community cards to make the best high hand and the best low hand.

![](https://sigma.world/app/themes/sigma-main/public/images/icons/material-access-time.68b979.svg)**March 21, 2023**

Posted by **Content Team**

[The Best High Volatility Slots](https://sigma.world/play/blog/high-volatility-slots/)

Volatility is a critical component that impacts the chances of winning a jackpot, the amount of the reward, and all other risks associated with the game. But, what does high volatility mean in slots? It means that they’re the riskiest but offer the biggest payouts. The level of volatility in slots is a key differentiator whether they're played online or at land-based casinos.
What is High Volatility in Slots?
High volatility means that a slot will offer less frequent payouts, but when it does, the winning amount will be considerably larger. These slots are therefore recommended for those with larger bankrolls, willing to risk more and prepared to wait out the significant wins.
It is important to keep in mind that volatility directly affects your gameplay and potential payout. Understanding the volatility of a slot can help players choose a game that matches their risk tolerance, playing style, and financial considerations, ensuring tailored and, therefore, more enjoyable slot sessions. Now that we’ve covered some basics, let’s take a look at the biggest high volatility slot titles!
Top 5 High Volatility Slot Machines
High volatility slots are an exciting option for players willing to embrace the unpredictability and the chance for significant wins. These slots are characterized by their potential to pay out large sums of money, albeit less frequently compared to low or medium-volatility slots. If you're someone who enjoys to play slots online and can handle the swings, high volatility slots may be right up your alley. Here's a thorough look into some of the best slots of this type:
Gems Bonanza
One of the most popular high volatility slot games is Gems Bonanza by Pragmatic Play. This gem-themed game features an 8×8 cluster reel layout and offers a variety of bonus features, including spin modifiers and a Gold Fever Progressive feature. With a maximum payout of x10,000 of your stake and an RTP of 96.51%, Gems Bonanza is a great choice for lucrative slot sessions.

The Dog House Megaways
Another top pick for high volatility online slots is the Dog House Megaways. This slot machine features six reels, up to seven rows, and a paytable with an impressive 117,649 lines. With a maximum payout of 12,305 times the stake and 96.55% RTP, this game offers a good chance of winning big. The Dog House Megaways slot is a must-play for those seeking an adrenaline-fueled slot for real money.

Drago – Jewels of Fortune
This game, developed by Pragmatic Play, features 5 reels and a massive 1,600 ways to win. With the potential to win up to 48,000x your bet and a multiplier feature that can boost wins to an insane 10,000x your stake, Drago – Jewels of Fortune is not for the faint of heart.
If you play and land a full screen of 22 purple dragons, you can win up to 5,000x your bet. The game has an RTP of 96.5%, making it perfect for casino players who want to take up the challenge.

Book of Dead
Developed by Play’n GO, Book of Dead is one of the best high volatility slot machines and has become a staple in many online casinos. With an Ancient Egypt theme, the game features five reels and ten paylines. Slot players can win up to 5,000x their bet by matching five top-value Rich Wilde symbols during bonus free spins.
The game also offers a 250,000-coin jackpot and an RTP of 96.21%, so Book of Dead is an exceptional choice for players who want to embark on a new adventure and hope to land a big payout.

Jammin’ Jars
Jammin’ Jars, created by Push Gaming, offers a maximum win of 20,000x your stake. The game is cluster-based and features wild multipliers, walking wilds, and free spins through the Bonus Buy feature.
The game gives players a fair opportunity to win mainly because of its RTP of 96.8%. However, because of the extreme volatility of the game, participants should be prepared for both massive risks and huge winnings.

Pros & Cons of High Volatile Slots
For gamblers who prefer taking risks and pursuing significant wins, high volatility slots provide a fascinating experience. Yet, they also have their fair share of perks and drawbacks:
Pros:
High volatility slots typically offer the highest jackpots, with the potential to win six to eight figures.
High volatility games often attract players who enjoy employing strategies, as managing bankrolls can be crucial to success.
Slots with high volatility usually employ dynamic themes and engaging gameplay.
Cons:
Frequent losing streaks on highly volatile slots in online casinos may be frustrating and demoralizing for some casino players.
A lot of these games might be challenging to play for a long time and make managing your bankroll tough.
Note: When choosing the right volatility of a slot machine for you, mixing and combining different volatility levels for a few spins is a good idea.
Are High Variance Slot Games a Gamble Worth Taking?
While high volatility slots offer the potential for significant payouts, they also come with the risk of losing substantial amounts of money. In addition, besides the best high volatility slots we presented above, our selection of free casino games features different types of slots with varying volatility indexes and RTP rates. Why not give one of them a spin and see if you are ready for bigger risks and even bigger rewards?

![](https://sigma.world/app/themes/sigma-main/public/images/icons/material-access-time.68b979.svg)**March 10, 2023**

Posted by **Content Team**

[A Guide to Essential Casino Terms](https://sigma.world/play/blog/casino-terms/)

Welcome to the world of casinos, where the chips are stacked, the dice are rolled, and the thrill of the game is all around you. Understanding the unique casino language can make all the difference in your experience, regardless of your skill level.
From the basics of betting and house edge to the more advanced strategies of card counting and the Martingale system, this guide will take you on a journey through essential casino terms.
Basic Gambling Terms
Let's start with the basics because you're bound to come across the following terms, no matter if you play brick-and-mortar or online casinos.
House Edge
The house edge is the casino's statistical advantage over the player in a given game. It represents the percentage of each wager that the casino expects to win in the long run.
Action
This term can be described as the heartbeat of the casino floor. The sound of chips clacking, dice rolling, and card shuffling all constitute the rhythm of the action. And with every turn, every roll, and every deal, the excitement rises until someone hits the jackpot.
Wager
In the context of casinos, a wager refers to the act of placing a bet on the outcome of a game or event.
Bet
Bet is one of the most common terms in casino lingo. It refers to a single wager in a game. It also means risking or gambling a specific amount of money because the outcome of the game is unknown.
Payout
The payout is the magical moment when the stars align and you hear the sweet sound of coins clanging together as the machine spits out your winnings. It's a beautiful thing, really.
Bankroll
A bankroll refers to the funds available for betting purposes. Players should practice good bankroll management to avoid losing their money fast.
Jackpot
A casino game's jackpot is the top prize that a lucky player wins. Jackpots can be set amounts or progressive, which means they increase until someone finally wins. It's the grand prize, the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow, the holy grail of gambling. Will you be lucky enough to catch it?
Chips
In casino terminology, chips are little round tokens that represent cash. Players use them to place wagers and cash out winnings. Chips come in all shapes, sizes, and colors, and they have a specific weight to them. Moreover, if you win big, you get to experience the joy of scooping up a pile of chips and feeling like a high roller.
Dealer
A dealer is a casino staff member who controls the game and deals cards or spins the wheel. They're calm, cool, and collected and have eyes in the back of their head (or so it seems). Just don't let their soothing voice and friendly smile fool you—they're after your money.
Croupier
The croupier is like the fancier, more sophisticated cousin of the dealer. They're the ones you'll find at high roller tables, wearing a tuxedo and looking sharp. They exude confidence and class, and they're there to make you feel like a VIP.
House Rules
All casino games are played according to a certain set of rules known as "house rules." This gambling slang refers to the rules that everyone has to play by to ensure fairness and consistency. Different casinos and games may have different regulations.
Marker
A casino may extend credit to a player in the form of a marker. When money is no longer an option, players can use a marker to keep playing. It's the casino's way of saying, "We trust you (to a certain extent)." It's a convenient way to keep playing when you're running low on cash, but beware—it's still real money that you'll have to pay back.
Pit Boss
A pit boss is a casino employee who manages several table games in a specific area of the casino. They oversee everything that's going on, from the dealers and players to the security team. They're the ones you want to impress if you're hoping to score some free drinks or other perks.
Shoe
In a casino game, a shoe is a container used to carry several decks of cards. During the game, the dealer or croupier removes cards from the shoe and deals them to the players.
Surrender
Surrendering in gambling terminology is like saying, "I'm waving the white flag." It's a way for players to cut their losses and salvage some of their money. Think of it as a strategic retreat because sometimes it's better to live to fight another day.
Tilt
It's that feeling of frustration and desperation that can set in when you're on a losing streak. It's the moment when you start making irrational bets and taking unnecessary risks. Tilt can be a player's worst enemy, but it can also be a wake-up call to take a break.
Blackjack Terms
Let's shuffle the cards and dive into the world of blackjack terminology.
Split
Splitting is an option that's available when a player is dealt a pair of cards with the same rank, such as two 7s. The player can choose to split the cards into two separate hands, with each hand having its own bet. It's a way to increase the chances of winning and turn a losing hand into a winning one.
Paint
In casino lingo, "paint" refers to any card with a picture on it, i.e., king, queen, or jack. This term is often used in blackjack. For instance, if a dealer tells you that you've got "paint," it means you've been dealt a face card.
Double Down
Doubling down is available when a player is certain that they have a strong hand. The player can choose to double their original bet and receive only one additional card. It's a way to maximize the potential payout and turn a good hand into a great one.
Craps Terms
Craps is a high-energy, fast-paced game of chance that has become a common game in many casinos around the world, especially American, so let's go over some key terms.
Hardway
You have to roll the exact pair of numbers to get a hardway combination. That means betting on the 4, 6, 8, or 10 as a pair, such as two 2s or two 5s, which is considered "hard." When they're not rolled as a pair, they're considered "easy." The goal is to bet that the dice will land "hard" before they land "easy" or before a 7 is rolled.
Big 6 and Big 8
In craps, it's another term for bets placed on the 6 or 8 to be rolled before a 7. While they have a higher payout than a bet on the 6 or 8, they also have a higher house edge and are considered a sucker bet by more experienced craps players.
Poker Slang
Are you looking to brush up on your poker vocabulary and understand the casino talk used in the game? Let's go over some of the most common ones.
Ante
Ante is the price of admission to the poker party. Just like a VIP ticket to your favorite concert, the ante gets you a seat at the table and a shot at the big prizes.
Bluff
Bluffing in poker is like being a master of disguise! It's a strategy that involves making a bet or a raise with a weak hand in an attempt to manipulate your opponents into thinking that you have a strong hand. It's a way to gain an advantage over your opponents and win the pot even when you don't have the best cards.
Nuts
Nuts is the best possible hand at any given moment in a particular game. Knowing that you have the nuts can give you a significant advantage in the game, as it means that you can't be beaten. It's a rare accomplishment that every poker player dreams of.
Rake
In gaming terminology, rake is the percentage of the pot that the casino takes as a fee for hosting the game. The rake can vary depending on the stakes and the casino, but it's typically around 5% of the pot. While the rake can seem like a nuisance to players, it's a necessary part of the game that helps to keep the casino in business.
Flop
The flop is the first three community cards that are dealt face up in the middle of the table in games like Texas hold'em. The flop is a critical point in the game, as it gives players a glimpse of the potential strength of their hand and helps them make strategic decisions about whether to fold or continue playing.
Fish
A fish, in poker, refers to an inexperienced player who often makes mistakes and loses money. More experienced players might look for "fish" at the table as an opportunity to win more pots.
Shark
A "shark" in poker is a highly skilled player who preys on less experienced or weaker players, much like a shark in the ocean. These players often have a deep understanding of the game and are able to read their opponents well.
Slot Machine Terms
Slots are the beloved games of chance that draw players in with their flashing lights, mesmerizing sounds, and thrilling jackpots. Understanding key terms that define the game is essential if you want to learn how to master the slots.
Reels
They're the spinning cylinders that contain the symbols in a slot machine. With every spin, the reels dance and twirl, building anticipation along the way. They're the heart and soul of the slot machine and the key to winning big.
Paylines
Casino slang wouldn't be complete without mentioning paylines, which are like the treasure map to the jackpot. They're the lines that run across the reels of a slot machine, determining the winning combinations. With each spin, you're hoping to land on a winning payline and earn big bucks.
Scatter Symbols
Scatter symbols are symbols that can appear anywhere on the reels and pay out regardless of whether they're on a payline or not. They're like the little jokers in the deck, adding a bit of excitement and unpredictability to the game.
Wild Symbols
Wild symbols can stand in for any other symbol on the reels to create a winning combination. They're like the secret weapon that can turn a losing spin into a winning streak.
Progressive Jackpots
A progressive jackpot continues to grow as more players place bets, often reaching astronomical sums of money. They're the ultimate goal for every slot machine player, and the chance to hit one is like winning the lottery.
Video Slots
Without a doubt, video slots are the flashy machines that bring the party to the casino floor. With their vibrant graphics, catchy music, and bonus features, they're like a non-stop concert that keeps you on the edge of your seat.
Advanced Casino Terms and Phrases
These advanced casino expressions are for the daring, adventurous, and thrill-seeking. From the infamous card counting strategy to the mysterious world of whales, these terms will take you on a wild ride through the inner workings of the casino world.
Card Counting
Card counting is a strategy used in blackjack and other card games that entails keeping track of the cards dealt to determine the likelihood of specific cards remaining in the deck. It requires quick thinking, a sharp memory, and nerves of steel. Just don't let the casino catch you in the act.
Martingale Strategy
The Martingale strategy is a betting system that involves doubling your bet after each loss in an attempt to recoup your losses and come out on top. It takes guts, determination, and a bit of luck to make the Martingale strategy work.
Comps
Comps are perks that casinos offer to players as a way of saying "thanks for playing." Think free drinks, meals, hotel stays, and even tickets for different shows. It's the casino's way of keeping players happy and coming back for more.
High Roller
A high roller is like the king or queen of the gambling world. They're the ones who bet big, win big, and get all the perks and attention that come with it. They exude confidence, charisma, and a certain je ne sais quoi that makes them the envy of the casino floor.
Vigorish (or "Vig")
Vigorish, or "the vig," in gambling slang is like the price of admission to the casino world. It's the fee that the casino charges for taking bets, and it's how they make money.
Expected Value
The expected value is the mathematical calculation that determines the average outcome of a bet in the long run. It takes into account the odds of winning and losing, as well as the potential payout. It's a key tool for making strategic betting decisions.
Kelly Criterion
It's a mathematical strategy that helps players determine the optimal amount to bet based on the perceived advantage and potential payout. It's a way to minimize risk while maximizing potential winnings.
Random Number Generator
A random number generator, or RNG, is a computer program that ensures that the outcomes of games are random and fair. It's like the invisible hand that guides the spinning of the slot machine reels and the shuffling of the deck.
Whale
A whale is a high roller who bets enormous sums of money and commands the attention and admiration of the casino staff. They're the ones who can make or break a casino's bottom line, and they're treated like royalty on the casino floor.
Funny Gambling Terms
Get ready to laugh out loud and roll the dice with these hilarious and unforgettable casino expressions!
Sucker Bet
This term describes a bet with a high house edge and low odds of winning, but it's often enticing to inexperienced players who don't know any better. It's like the candy at the checkout line, tempting you to make an impulse buy that you'll later regret.
Monkey
A monkey in casino slang is like the wild card at the table. It's a term for a $500 chip, often used in high stakes games.
Cooler
A cooler is a person who's believed to bring bad luck to the game, often causing other players to lose. It's like the black cat that crosses your path or the broken mirror that foreshadows disaster.
Grind
The grind is the strategy of slowly and steadily accumulating winnings over time, often through small bets and careful risk management.
Belly Buster
A belly buster, in gambling terms, refers to a specific type of poker hand known as an inside straight draw or a gutshot straight draw. A belly buster occurs when a player has four consecutive cards with a gap in the middle and needs the fifth card to complete the straight. The odds of success are rather low because it's a challenging draw.
George
A George is the ideal player from the dealer's point of view. This term refers to a player who tips well and consistently. So, if you want to be popular among the casino staff, try being a George.
Summary of Casino Terms
All in all, while the world of casinos can seem overwhelming with its unique terms, taking the time to understand them can greatly improve your gaming sessions. By familiarizing yourself with these expressions, you'll be better equipped to navigate the excitement of the gaming floor (or virtual floor) and enjoy all that casinos have to offer.
If you're a sports bettor, you might also be interested in our glossary of sports betting terms. So go ahead and roll the dice, spin the wheel, and ante up armed with your newfound knowledge of casino terms.

![](https://sigma.world/app/themes/sigma-main/public/images/icons/material-access-time.68b979.svg)**July 18, 2023**

Posted by **Content Team**

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