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Protagonist - Wikipedia
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## Contents

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- (Top)

- [1Etymology](#Etymology)
- [2Ancient Greece](#Ancient_Greece)
- [3Types](#Types)Toggle Types subsection  - [3.1Hero/Heroine](#Hero/Heroine)
  - [3.2Antihero](#Antihero)
  - [3.3Tragic hero](#Tragic_hero)
  - [3.4Villain protagonist](#Villain_protagonist)
  - [3.5Supporting protagonist](#Supporting_protagonist)
- [4Further examples](#Further_examples)
- [5References](#References)

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# Protagonist

55 languages

- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoofkarakter "Hoofkarakter – Afrikaans")
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9 "بطل الرواية – Arabic")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaqonist "Protaqonist – Azerbaijani")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82 "Протагонист – Bulgarian")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonista "Protagonista – Catalan")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonista "Protagonista – Czech")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – German")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – Estonian")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonista "Protagonista – Spanish")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efrolulo "Ĉefrolulo – Esperanto")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonista "Protagonista – Basque")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86) "قهرمان (داستان) – Persian")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagoniste "Protagoniste – French")
- [Frysk](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – Western Frisian")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5 "주인공 – Korean")
- [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF "Պրոտագոնիստ – Armenian")
- [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0 "प्रमुख पात्र – Hindi")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – Croatian")
- [Ido](https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonisto "Protagonisto – Ido")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonis "Protagonis – Indonesian")
- [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B0alpers%C3%B3na "Aðalpersóna – Icelandic")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonista "Protagonista – Italian")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98 "פרוטגוניסט – Hebrew")
- [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98 "პროტაგონისტი – Georgian")
- [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonistas "Protagonistas – Lithuanian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C5%91szerepl%C5%91 "Főszereplő – Hungarian")
- [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82 "Протагонист – Macedonian")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonis "Protagonis – Malay")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – Dutch")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%AC "主人公 – Japanese")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovudperson "Hovudperson – Norwegian Nynorsk")
- [Occitan](https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonista "Protagonista – Occitan")
- [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0 "ਮੁੱਖ ਪਾਤਰ – Punjabi")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonista_(teatr) "Protagonista (teatr) – Polish")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonista "Protagonista – Portuguese")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – Romanian")
- [Русиньскый](https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0 "Протагониста – Rusyn")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82 "Протагонист – Russian")
- [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonisti "Protagonisti – Albanian")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – Simple English")
- [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonista "Protagonista – Slovak")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist "Protagonist – Slovenian")
- [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9 "پاڵەوانی چیرۆک – Central Kurdish")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0 "Протагониста – Serbian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonisti "Protagonisti – Finnish")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvudperson "Huvudperson – Swedish")
- [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81 "ตัวเอก – Thai")
- [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82 "Протагонист – Tajik")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkahraman "Başkahraman – Turkish")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82 "Протагоніст – Ukrainian")
- [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%C3%ADnh "Nhân vật chính – Vietnamese")
- [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%92 "主角 – Cantonese")
- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%AC "主人公 – Chinese")

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main character of a creative work

For other uses, see [Protagonist (disambiguation)](/wiki/Protagonist_(disambiguation) "Protagonist (disambiguation)").

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/William_Morris_Hunt_-_Hamlet_-_2000.1231_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg/200px-William_Morris_Hunt_-_Hamlet_-_2000.1231_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg)](/wiki/File:William_Morris_Hunt_-_Hamlet_-_2000.1231_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg) [Shakespeare](/wiki/William_Shakespeare "William Shakespeare")'s _[Hamlet](/wiki/Hamlet "Hamlet"), Prince of Denmark._ William Morris Hunt, oil on canvas, c. 1864

A **protagonist** (from [Ancient Greek](/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language "Ancient Greek language") [πρωταγωνιστής](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82#Ancient_Greek "wikt:πρωταγωνιστής") __prōtagōnistḗs__ 'one who plays the first part, chief actor')[\[1\]](#cite_note-1)[\[2\]](#cite_note-2)[\[3\]](#cite_note-3) is the main character of a story. The protagonist makes key decisions that affect the [plot](/wiki/Plot_(narrative) "Plot (narrative)"), primarily influencing the story and propelling it forward, and is often the character who faces the most significant obstacles. If a story contains a [subplot](/wiki/Subplot "Subplot"), or is a narrative made up of several stories, then each subplot may have its own protagonist.[\[4\]](#cite_note-4)

The protagonist is the character whose fate is most closely followed by the reader or audience, and who is opposed by the [antagonist](/wiki/Antagonist "Antagonist"). The antagonist provides obstacles and complications and creates conflicts that test the protagonist, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the protagonist's character, and having the protagonist develop as a result.

## Etymology

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Etymology")\]

The term _protagonist_ comes from [Ancient Greek](/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language "Ancient Greek language") [πρωταγωνιστής](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82#Ancient_Greek "wikt:πρωταγωνιστής") _(_prōtagōnistḗs_)_ 'actor who plays the chief or first part', combined of [πρῶτος](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%E1%BF%B6%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek "wikt:πρῶτος") (_prôtos_, 'first') and [ἀγωνιστής](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82#Ancient_Greek "wikt:ἀγωνιστής") (_agōnistḗs_, 'actor, competitor'), which stems from [ἀγών](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek "wikt:ἀγών") (_agṓn_, 'contest') via [ἀγωνίζομαι](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9#Ancient_Greek "wikt:ἀγωνίζομαι") (_agōnízomai_, 'I contend for a prize').[\[5\]](#cite_note-5)

## Ancient Greece

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Ancient Greece")\]

The earliest known examples of a protagonist are found in [Ancient Greece](/wiki/Ancient_Greece "Ancient Greece"). At first, dramatic performances involved merely dancing and recitation by the chorus. Then in _[Poetics](/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle) "Poetics (Aristotle)")_, [Aristotle](/wiki/Aristotle "Aristotle") describes how a poet named [Thespis](/wiki/Thespis "Thespis") introduced the idea of one actor stepping out and engaging in a dialogue with the chorus. This was the invention of tragedy, and occurred about 536 B.C.[\[6\]](#cite_note-6) Then the poet [Aeschylus](/wiki/Aeschylus "Aeschylus"), in his plays, introduced a second actor, inventing the idea of dialogue between two characters. [Sophocles](/wiki/Sophocles "Sophocles") then wrote plays that included a third actor.[\[7\]](#cite_note-7)[\[8\]](#cite_note-8)[\[9\]](#cite_note-9)[\[10\]](#cite_note-storey84-10)

A description of the protagonist's origin cited that during the early period of Greek drama, the protagonist served as the author, the director, and the actor and that these roles were only separated and allocated to different individuals later.[\[11\]](#cite_note-11) There is also a claim that the poet did not assign or create the protagonist as well as other terms for actors such as _[deuteragonist](/wiki/Deuteragonist "Deuteragonist")_ and _[tritagonist](/wiki/Tritagonist "Tritagonist")_ primarily because he only gave actors their appropriate part.[\[12\]](#cite_note-:0-12) However, these actors were assigned their specific areas at the stage with the protagonist always entering from the middle door or that the dwelling of the deuteragonist (second most important character) should be on the right hand, and the tritagonist (third most important character), the left.[\[12\]](#cite_note-:0-12)

In Ancient Greece, the protagonist is distinguished from the term "hero", which was used to refer to a human who became a semi-divine being in the narrative.[\[10\]](#cite_note-storey84-10)

## Types

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Types")\]

### Hero/Heroine

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Hero/Heroine")\]

In literary terms, a [hero](/wiki/Hero "Hero") (masculine) or heroine (feminine) protagonist is typically admired for their achievements and noble qualities.[\[13\]](#cite_note-13) Heroes are lauded for their strength, courage, virtuousness, and honor, and are considered to be the "good guys" of the narrative.[\[14\]](#cite_note-14)

Examples include DC Comics' [Superman](/wiki/Superman "Superman") (hero) and [Katniss Everdeen](/wiki/Katniss_Everdeen "Katniss Everdeen") from _[The Hunger Games](/wiki/The_Hunger_Games "The Hunger Games")_ (heroine).

### Antihero

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Antihero")\]

Main article: [Antihero](/wiki/Antihero "Antihero")

An antihero (sometimes spelled as anti-hero) or antiheroine is a main character in a story who lacks conventional heroic qualities and attributes such as idealism, courage, and morality.

Examples include [Holden Caulfield](/wiki/Holden_Caulfield "Holden Caulfield") from _[The Catcher in the Rye](/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye "The Catcher in the Rye")_, [Scarlett O'Hara](/wiki/Scarlett_O%27Hara "Scarlett O'Hara") from _[Gone With the Wind](/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(novel) "Gone with the Wind (novel)")_ and [Jay Gatsby](/wiki/Jay_Gatsby "Jay Gatsby") from _[The Great Gatsby](/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby "The Great Gatsby")_.

### Tragic hero

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Tragic hero")\]

Main article: [Tragic hero](/wiki/Tragic_hero "Tragic hero")

A tragic hero is the protagonist of a tragedy.

Examples include [Oedipus](/wiki/Oedipus "Oedipus") from _[Oedipus Rex](/wiki/Oedipus_Rex "Oedipus Rex")_ and [Prince Hamlet](/wiki/Prince_Hamlet "Prince Hamlet") from Shakespeare's _[Hamlet](/wiki/Hamlet "Hamlet")_.

### Villain protagonist

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Villain protagonist")\]

The protagonist is not always conventionally good.[\[15\]](#cite_note-15) Contrasting the hero protagonist, a villain protagonist is a protagonist who is a [villain](/wiki/Villain "Villain"), driving the story forward regardless of the evil qualities the main character has. These traits can include being cruel, malicious, and wicked.[\[16\]](#cite_note-16)

Examples include Humbert Humbert in [Vladimir Nabokov's](/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov "Vladimir Nabokov") _[Lolita](/wiki/Lolita "Lolita")_[\[17\]](#cite_note-17) and Richard III in [William Shakespeare's](/wiki/William_Shakespeare "William Shakespeare") [eponymous play](/wiki/Richard_III_(play) "Richard III (play)").[\[18\]](#cite_note-18)

### Supporting protagonist

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Supporting protagonist")\]

When a supporting protagonist appears, the story is told from the perspective of a character who appears to be minor. This character may be more peripheral from the events of the story and are not as involved within the "main action" of the plot. The supporting protagonist may be telling the story while viewing another character as the main influence of the plot.[\[19\]](#cite_note-19)

One example is Nick in _[The Great Gatsby](/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby "The Great Gatsby")_.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

## Further examples

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Further examples")\]

[Euripides](/wiki/Euripides "Euripides")' play _[Hippolytus](/wiki/Hippolytus_(play) "Hippolytus (play)")_ may be considered to have two protagonists, though one at a time. Phaedra is the protagonist of the first half, who dies partway through the play. Her stepson, the titular Hippolytus, assumes the dominant role in the second half of the play.[\[20\]](#cite_note-20)

In [Henrik Ibsen](/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen "Henrik Ibsen")'s play _[The Master Builder](/wiki/The_Master_Builder "The Master Builder")_, the protagonist is the architect Halvard Solness. The young woman, Hilda Wangel, whose actions lead to the death of Solness, is the antagonist.[\[21\]](#cite_note-21)

In Shakespeare's play _[Romeo and Juliet](/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet "Romeo and Juliet")_, Romeo is the protagonist. He is actively in pursuit of his relationship with Juliet, and the audience is invested in that story. Tybalt, as an antagonist, opposes Romeo and attempts to thwart the relationship.[\[22\]](#cite_note-22)

In Shakespeare's play _[Hamlet](/wiki/Hamlet "Hamlet")_, Prince Hamlet, who seeks revenge for the murder of his father, is the protagonist. The antagonist is the character who most opposes Hamlet, Claudius (though, in many ways, Hamlet is his own antagonist).[\[23\]](#cite_note-23)

Sometimes, a work will have a [false protagonist](/wiki/False_protagonist "False protagonist"), who may seem to be the protagonist, but then may disappear unexpectedly. The character Marion in [Alfred Hitchcock](/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock "Alfred Hitchcock")'s film _[Psycho](/wiki/Psycho_(1960_film) "Psycho (1960 film)")_ (1960) is an example.[\[24\]](#cite_note-24)

A novel may contain a number of narratives, each with its own protagonist. [Alexander Solzhenitsyn](/wiki/Alexander_Solzhenitsyn "Alexander Solzhenitsyn")'s _[The First Circle](/wiki/The_First_Circle "The First Circle")_, for example, depicts a variety of characters imprisoned and living in a [gulag](/wiki/Gulag "Gulag") camp.[\[25\]](#cite_note-25) [Leo Tolstoy](/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy "Leo Tolstoy")'s _[War and Peace](/wiki/War_and_Peace "War and Peace")_ depicts fifteen major characters involved in or affected by a war.[\[26\]](#cite_note-26)

Though many people equate protagonists with the term hero and possessing heroic qualities, it is not necessary, as even villainous characters can be protagonists. For example [Michael Corleone](/wiki/Michael_Corleone "Michael Corleone") from _[The Godfather](/wiki/The_Godfather_(film_series) "The Godfather (film series)")_ (1972–1990) film series (1978–1983).

In some cases, the protagonist is not a human: in [Richard Adams](/wiki/Richard_Adams "Richard Adams")' novel _[Watership Down](/wiki/Watership_Down "Watership Down"),_ a group of [anthropomorphised](/wiki/Anthropomorphism "Anthropomorphism") rabbits, led by the protagonist Hazel, escape their warren after seeing a vision of its destruction, starting a perilous journey to find a new home.[\[27\]](#cite_note-27)

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Protagonist&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: References")\]

01. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**[πρωταγωνιστής](https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dprwtagwnisth%2Fs), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, _A Greek–English Lexicon_, on Perseus Digital Library.
02. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**["protagonist"](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/protagonist). [Dictionary.com](/wiki/Dictionary.com "Dictionary.com"), [Random House](/wiki/Random_House "Random House"). Retrieved November 17, 2017.
03. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**Harper, Douglas. ["protagonist"](https://www.etymonline.com/?term=protagonist). _[Online Etymology Dictionary](/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary "Online Etymology Dictionary")_.
04. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**Duncan, Stephen. _A Guide to Screenwriting Success: Writing for Film and Television_. Rowman & Littlefield (2006) [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780742553019](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742553019 "Special:BookSources/9780742553019")
05. **[^](#cite_ref-5)**["Protagonist"](https://www.etymonline.com/word/protagonist#etymonline_v_2724). Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
06. **[^](#cite_ref-6)**Müller, K.O. _History of the literature of Ancient Greece_. \[Library of Useful Knowledge.\] Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. London (1840) page 306
07. **[^](#cite_ref-7)**["Protagonist – literature"](http://www.britannica.com/art/protagonist). _Encyclopaedia Britannica_. 1 April 2016.
08. **[^](#cite_ref-8)**Aristotle. _Poetics_. Oxford University Press (January 20, 2013) [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0199608362](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199608362 "Special:BookSources/978-0199608362")
09. **[^](#cite_ref-9)**[Packard, William](/wiki/William_Packard_(author) "William Packard (author)"). _The Art of the Playwright_. Thunder's Mouth Press. 1997 [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [1-56025-117-4](/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56025-117-4 "Special:BookSources/1-56025-117-4")
10. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-storey84_10-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-storey84_10-1)Storey, Ian; Allan, Arlene (2008). [_A Guide to Ancient Greek Drama_](https://archive.org/details/guidetoancientgr0000stor/page/84). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. pp. [84](https://archive.org/details/guidetoancientgr0000stor/page/84). [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1405102148](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405102148 "Special:BookSources/978-1405102148").
11. **[^](#cite_ref-11)**Telias, Rozei (2018-07-06). [_Moreno's Personality Theory and its Relationship to Psychodrama: A Philosophical, Developmental and Therapeutic Perspective_](https://books.google.com/books?id=0jhjDwAAQBAJ&q=protagonist+definition+classical+greece&pg=PT235). Routledge. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781351021081](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351021081 "Special:BookSources/9781351021081").
12. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-:0_12-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-:0_12-1)Bart, M. P. (2018-03-22). [_History of the Literature of Ancient Greece_](https://books.google.com/books?id=lgpaDwAAQBAJ&q=protagonist+protagonistes+classical+greece&pg=PT513). Charles River Editors. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781632956316](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781632956316 "Special:BookSources/9781632956316").\[ _[permanent dead link](/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")_\]
13. **[^](#cite_ref-13)**["Hero"](https://www.britannica.com/art/hero-literary-and-cultural-figure). Britannica. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
14. **[^](#cite_ref-14)**["Hero"](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hero). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
15. **[^](#cite_ref-15)**["A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory"](https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1118755). John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
16. **[^](#cite_ref-16)**["Villain"](https://www.dictionary.com/browse/villain). Dictionary.com. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
17. **[^](#cite_ref-17)**Byford, Andy; Doak, Connor; Hutchings, Stephen (2020-01-30). [_Transnational Russian Studies_](https://books.google.com/books?id=CjPNDwAAQBAJ&q=%22villain+protagonist%22&pg=PA137). Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-78962-087-0](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78962-087-0 "Special:BookSources/978-1-78962-087-0").
18. **[^](#cite_ref-18)**[_The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge_](https://books.google.com/books?id=NLFPAAAAMAAJ&q=%22villain+protagonist%22&pg=PA376). Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. 1918.
19. **[^](#cite_ref-19)**["Protagonist"](https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/protagonist). LitCharts. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
20. **[^](#cite_ref-20)**Euripides. _Hippolytos_. Oxford University Press (October 29, 1992) [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0195072907](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195072907 "Special:BookSources/978-0195072907")
21. **[^](#cite_ref-21)**Ibsen, Henrik. Meyer, Michael Leverson. editor. _Ibsen Plays: 1: Ghosts; The Wild Duck; The Master Builder_. Dramatists Play Service Inc. (1980) [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780413463302](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780413463302 "Special:BookSources/9780413463302"). page 241
22. **[^](#cite_ref-22)**Shakespeare, William. _Romeo and Juliet_. Bloomsbury Arden Shakespeare; Third edition (July 15, 2012) [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781903436912](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903436912 "Special:BookSources/9781903436912")
23. **[^](#cite_ref-23)**Shakespeare, William. _Hamlet_. Simon & Schuster (July 1, 1992) [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0743477123](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0743477123 "Special:BookSources/978-0743477123")
24. **[^](#cite_ref-24)**Kolker, Robert Phillip. _Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho: A Casebook_. Oxford University Press (2004) [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780195169195](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195169195 "Special:BookSources/9780195169195")
25. **[^](#cite_ref-25)**_The Solzhenitsyn Reader: New and Essential Writings, 1947–2005: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn_, Edward E. Ericson, Jr., Daniel J. Mahoney.
26. **[^](#cite_ref-26)**Moser, Charles. 1992. _Encyclopedia of Russian Literature_. Cambridge University Press. pp. 298–300.
27. **[^](#cite_ref-27)**Adams, Richard, 1920–2016. Watership Down. London: Rex Collings Ltd, 1972. Print.

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)

Look up _**[protagonist](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/protagonist "wiktionary:Special:Search/protagonist")**_ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

- [v](/wiki/Template:Narrative "Template:Narrative")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Narrative "Template talk:Narrative")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narrative "Special:EditPage/Template:Narrative")

[Narrative](/wiki/Narrative "Narrative")

[Character](/wiki/Character_(arts) "Character (arts)")

- [Antagonist](/wiki/Antagonist "Antagonist")
- [Archenemy](/wiki/Archenemy "Archenemy")
- [Character arc](/wiki/Character_arc "Character arc")
- [Character flaw](/wiki/Character_flaw "Character flaw")
- [Characterization](/wiki/Characterization "Characterization")
- [Confidant](/wiki/Confidant "Confidant")
- [Deuteragonist](/wiki/Deuteragonist "Deuteragonist")
- [False protagonist](/wiki/False_protagonist "False protagonist")
- [Focal character](/wiki/Focal_character "Focal character")
- [Foil](/wiki/Foil_(narrative) "Foil (narrative)")
- [Gothic double](/wiki/Gothic_double "Gothic double")
- _[Hamartia](/wiki/Hamartia "Hamartia")_
- [Hero](/wiki/Hero "Hero")
  - [Anti](/wiki/Antihero "Antihero")
  - [Byronic](/wiki/Byronic_hero "Byronic hero")
  - [Tragic](/wiki/Tragic_hero "Tragic hero")
- [Narrator](/wiki/Narration "Narration")
- Protagonist
- [Stock character](/wiki/Stock_character "Stock character")
- [Straight man](/wiki/Straight_man "Straight man")
- [Supporting character](/wiki/Supporting_character "Supporting character")
- [Title character](/wiki/Title_character "Title character")
- [Tritagonist](/wiki/Tritagonist "Tritagonist")
- [Villain](/wiki/Villain "Villain")

[Plot](/wiki/Plot_(narrative) "Plot (narrative)")

- _[Ab ovo](/wiki/Ab_ovo "Ab ovo")_
- [Action](/wiki/Action_(narrative) "Action (narrative)")
- [Backstory](/wiki/Backstory "Backstory")
  - [Origin story](/wiki/Origin_story "Origin story")
- [Chekhov's gun](/wiki/Chekhov%27s_gun "Chekhov's gun")
- [Cliché](/wiki/Clich%C3%A9 "Cliché")
- [Cliffhanger](/wiki/Cliffhanger "Cliffhanger")
- [Conflict](/wiki/Conflict_(narrative) "Conflict (narrative)")
- _[Deus ex machina](/wiki/Deus_ex_machina "Deus ex machina")_
- [Dialogue](/wiki/Dialogue_in_writing "Dialogue in writing")
- [Dramatic structure](/wiki/Dramatic_structure "Dramatic structure")
- [Eucatastrophe](/wiki/Eucatastrophe "Eucatastrophe")
- [Foreshadowing](/wiki/Foreshadowing "Foreshadowing")
- [Flashback](/wiki/Flashback_(narrative) "Flashback (narrative)")
- [Flashforward](/wiki/Flashforward "Flashforward")
- [Frame story](/wiki/Frame_story "Frame story")
- _[In medias res](/wiki/In_medias_res "In medias res")_
- _[Kishōtenketsu](/wiki/Kish%C5%8Dtenketsu "Kishōtenketsu")_
- [MacGuffin](/wiki/MacGuffin "MacGuffin")
- [Pace](/wiki/Pace_(narrative) "Pace (narrative)")
- [Plot device](/wiki/Plot_device "Plot device")
- [Plot twist](/wiki/Plot_twist "Plot twist")
- [Poetic justice](/wiki/Poetic_justice "Poetic justice")
- [Red herring](/wiki/Red_herring "Red herring")
- [Reveal](/wiki/Reveal_(narrative) "Reveal (narrative)")
- [Self-insertion](/wiki/Self-insertion "Self-insertion")
- [Shaggy dog story](/wiki/Shaggy_dog_story "Shaggy dog story")
- [Stereotype](/wiki/Stereotype "Stereotype")
- [Story arc](/wiki/Story_arc "Story arc")
- [Story within a story](/wiki/Story_within_a_story "Story within a story")
- [Subplot](/wiki/Subplot "Subplot")
- [Suspense](/wiki/Suspense "Suspense")
- [Trope](/wiki/Trope_(literature) "Trope (literature)")

[Setting](/wiki/Setting_(narrative) "Setting (narrative)")

- [Alternate history](/wiki/Alternate_history "Alternate history")
- [Backstory](/wiki/Backstory "Backstory")
- [Crossover](/wiki/Crossover_(fiction) "Crossover (fiction)")
- [Dreamworld](/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device) "Dream world (plot device)")
- [Dystopia](/wiki/Dystopia "Dystopia")
- [Fictional location](/wiki/Fictional_location "Fictional location")
  - [city](/wiki/Fictional_city "Fictional city")
  - [country](/wiki/Fictional_country "Fictional country")
  - [universe](/wiki/Fictional_universe "Fictional universe")
    - [parallel](/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction "Parallel universes in fiction")
- [Utopia](/wiki/Utopia "Utopia")
- [Worldbuilding](/wiki/Worldbuilding "Worldbuilding")

[Theme](/wiki/Theme_(narrative) "Theme (narrative)")

- [Irony](/wiki/Irony "Irony")
- [Leitmotif](/wiki/Leitmotif "Leitmotif")
- [Metaphor](/wiki/Metaphor "Metaphor")
- [Moral](/wiki/Moral "Moral")
- [Moral development](/wiki/Moral_development "Moral development")
- [Motif](/wiki/Motif_(narrative) "Motif (narrative)")
  - [Deal with the Devil](/wiki/Deal_with_the_Devil "Deal with the Devil")
  - [Conflict between good and evil](/wiki/Good_and_evil "Good and evil")
- [Self-fulfilling prophecy](/wiki/Self-fulfilling_prophecy "Self-fulfilling prophecy")
- [Time travel](/wiki/Time_travel "Time travel")

[Style](/wiki/Writing_style "Writing style")

- [Allegory](/wiki/Allegory "Allegory")
- [Bathos](/wiki/Bathos "Bathos")
- [Comic relief](/wiki/Comic_relief "Comic relief")
- [Diction](/wiki/Diction "Diction")
- [Figure of speech](/wiki/Figure_of_speech "Figure of speech")
- [Imagery](/wiki/Imagery "Imagery")
- [Mode](/wiki/Mode_(literature) "Mode (literature)")
- [Mood](/wiki/Mood_(literature) "Mood (literature)")
- [Narration](/wiki/Narration "Narration")
- [Narrative techniques](/wiki/List_of_narrative_techniques "List of narrative techniques")
  - [Hook](/wiki/Narrative_hook "Narrative hook")
- [Show, don't tell](/wiki/Show,_don%27t_tell "Show, don't tell")
- [Stylistic device](/wiki/Stylistic_device "Stylistic device")
- [Suspension of disbelief](/wiki/Suspension_of_disbelief "Suspension of disbelief")
- [Symbolism](/wiki/Symbolism_(arts) "Symbolism (arts)")
- [Tone](/wiki/Tone_(literature) "Tone (literature)")

[Structure](/wiki/Dramatic_structure "Dramatic structure")

- [Act](/wiki/Act_(drama) "Act (drama)")
  - [Act structure](/wiki/Dramatic_structure "Dramatic structure")
  - [Three-act structure](/wiki/Three-act_structure "Three-act structure")
- [Freytag's Pyramid](/wiki/Freytag%27s_Pyramid "Freytag's Pyramid")
  - [Exposition](/wiki/Exposition_(narrative) "Exposition (narrative)")/ [Protasis](/wiki/Protasis "Protasis")
  - [Rising action/Epitasis](/wiki/Epitasis "Epitasis")
  - [Climax](/wiki/Climax_(narrative) "Climax (narrative)")/ [Peripeteia](/wiki/Peripeteia "Peripeteia")
  - [Falling action/Catastasis](/wiki/Catastasis "Catastasis")
  - [Denouement/Catastrophe](/wiki/Catastrophe_(drama) "Catastrophe (drama)")
- [Linear narrative](/wiki/Narrative_structure "Narrative structure")
- [Nonlinear narrative](/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative "Nonlinear narrative")
  - [films](/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_films "List of nonlinear narrative films")
  - [television series](/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_television_series "List of nonlinear narrative television series")
- [Premise](/wiki/Premise_(narrative) "Premise (narrative)")
- [Types of fiction with multiple endings](/wiki/Types_of_fiction_with_multiple_endings "Types of fiction with multiple endings")

[Form](/wiki/List_of_narrative_forms "List of narrative forms")

- [Drama](/wiki/Drama "Drama")
- _[Fabliau](/wiki/Fabliau "Fabliau")_
- [Flash fiction](/wiki/Flash_fiction "Flash fiction")
- [Folklore](/wiki/Folklore "Folklore")
  - [Fable](/wiki/Fable "Fable")
  - [Fairy tale](/wiki/Fairy_tale "Fairy tale")
  - [Legend](/wiki/Legend "Legend")
  - [Myth](/wiki/Myth "Myth")
  - [Tall tale](/wiki/Tall_tale "Tall tale")
- [Gamebook](/wiki/Gamebook "Gamebook")
- [Narrative art](/wiki/Narrative_art "Narrative art")
- [Narrative poetry](/wiki/Narrative_poetry "Narrative poetry")
  - [Epic poetry](/wiki/Epic_poetry "Epic poetry")
- [Novel](/wiki/Novel "Novel")
- [Novella](/wiki/Novella "Novella")
- [Parable](/wiki/Parable "Parable")
- [Short story](/wiki/Short_story "Short story")
- [Vignette](/wiki/Vignette_(literature) "Vignette (literature)")

[Genre](/wiki/Literary_genre "Literary genre")

( [List](/wiki/List_of_writing_genres "List of writing genres"))

- [Autobiography](/wiki/Autobiography "Autobiography")
- [Biography](/wiki/Biography "Biography")
- [Fiction](/wiki/Fiction "Fiction")
  - [Action fiction](/wiki/Action_fiction "Action fiction")
  - [Adventure](/wiki/Adventure_fiction "Adventure fiction")
  - [Comic](/wiki/Comic_novel "Comic novel")
  - [Crime](/wiki/Crime_fiction "Crime fiction")
  - [Docu](/wiki/Docufiction "Docufiction")
  - [Epistolary](/wiki/Epistolary_novel "Epistolary novel")
  - [Ergodic](/wiki/Ergodic_literature "Ergodic literature")
  - [Erotic](/wiki/Erotic_literature "Erotic literature")
  - [Historical](/wiki/Historical_fiction "Historical fiction")
  - [Mystery](/wiki/Mystery_fiction "Mystery fiction")
  - [Nautical](/wiki/Nautical_fiction "Nautical fiction")
  - [Paranoid](/wiki/Paranoid_fiction "Paranoid fiction")
  - [Philosophical](/wiki/Philosophical_fiction "Philosophical fiction")
  - [Picaresque](/wiki/Picaresque_novel "Picaresque novel")
  - [Political](/wiki/Political_fiction "Political fiction")
  - [Pop culture](/wiki/Pop_culture_fiction "Pop culture fiction")
  - [Psychological](/wiki/Psychological_fiction "Psychological fiction")
  - [Religious](/wiki/Inspirational_fiction "Inspirational fiction")
  - [Rogue](/wiki/Rogue_literature "Rogue literature")
  - [Romance](/wiki/Romance_novel "Romance novel")
    - [Chivalric](/wiki/Chivalric_romance "Chivalric romance")
    - [Prose](/wiki/Romance_(prose_fiction) "Romance (prose fiction)")
  - [Saga](/wiki/Saga "Saga")
  - [Satire](/wiki/Satire "Satire")
  - [Speculative fiction](/wiki/Speculative_fiction "Speculative fiction")
    - [Fantasy](/wiki/Fantasy "Fantasy")
    - [Gothic](/wiki/Gothic_fiction "Gothic fiction")
      - [Southern](/wiki/Southern_Gothic "Southern Gothic")
    - [Horror](/wiki/Horror_fiction "Horror fiction")
    - [Magic realism](/wiki/Magic_realism "Magic realism")
    - [Science](/wiki/Science_fiction "Science fiction")
      - [Hard](/wiki/Hard_science_fiction "Hard science fiction")
      - [Utopian and dystopian](/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction "Utopian and dystopian fiction")
      - [Underwater](/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works "List of underwater science fiction works")
    - [Superhero](/wiki/Superhero_fiction "Superhero fiction")
  - [Theological](/wiki/Theological_fiction "Theological fiction")
  - [Thriller](/wiki/Thriller_(genre) "Thriller (genre)")
  - [Urban](/wiki/Urban_fiction "Urban fiction")
  - [Western](/wiki/Western_fiction "Western fiction")
- [Nonfiction](/wiki/Nonfiction "Nonfiction")
  - [Novel](/wiki/Non-fiction_novel "Non-fiction novel")
  - [Creative](/wiki/Creative_nonfiction "Creative nonfiction")

[Narration](/wiki/Narration "Narration")

- [Diegesis](/wiki/Diegesis "Diegesis")
- [First-person](/wiki/First-person_narrative "First-person narrative")
- [Second-person](/wiki/Second-person_narrative "Second-person narrative")
- [Third-person](/wiki/Third-person_narrative "Third-person narrative")
  - [Third-person omniscient narrative](/wiki/Third-person_omniscient_narrative "Third-person omniscient narrative")
  - [Subjectivity](/wiki/Narration#Subjective_or_objective "Narration")
  - [Unreliable narrator](/wiki/Unreliable_narrator "Unreliable narrator")
- [Multiple narrators](/wiki/Multiperspectivity "Multiperspectivity")
- [Stream of consciousness](/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness "Stream of consciousness")
- [Stream of unconsciousness](/wiki/Stream_of_unconsciousness "Stream of unconsciousness")

[Tense](/wiki/Grammatical_tense "Grammatical tense")

- [Past](/wiki/Past_tense "Past tense")
- [Present](/wiki/Present_tense "Present tense")
- [Future](/wiki/Future_tense "Future tense")

Related

- [Dominant narrative](/wiki/Dominant_narrative "Dominant narrative")
- [Fiction writing](/wiki/Fiction_writing "Fiction writing")
  - [Continuity](/wiki/Continuity_(fiction) "Continuity (fiction)")
    - [Canon](/wiki/Canon_(fiction) "Canon (fiction)")
    - [Reboot](/wiki/Reboot_(fiction) "Reboot (fiction)")
    - [Retcon](/wiki/Retroactive_continuity "Retroactive continuity")
  - [Parallel novel](/wiki/Parallel_novel "Parallel novel")
  - [Prequel](/wiki/Prequel "Prequel") / [Sequel](/wiki/Sequel "Sequel")
- [Genre](/wiki/Genre "Genre")
  - [List](/wiki/List_of_genres "List of genres")
- [Literary science](/wiki/Literary_criticism "Literary criticism")
- [Literary theory](/wiki/Literary_theory "Literary theory")
- [Narrative identity](/wiki/Narrative_identity "Narrative identity")
- [Narrative paradigm](/wiki/Narrative_paradigm "Narrative paradigm")
- [Narrative therapy](/wiki/Narrative_therapy "Narrative therapy")
- [Narratology](/wiki/Narratology "Narratology")
  - [Metafiction](/wiki/Metafiction "Metafiction")
- [Political narrative](/wiki/Political_narrative "Political narrative")
- [Rhetoric](/wiki/Rhetoric "Rhetoric")
  - [Glossary](/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms "Glossary of rhetorical terms")
- [Screenwriting](/wiki/Screenwriting "Screenwriting")
- [Storytelling](/wiki/Storytelling "Storytelling")
- [Tellability](/wiki/Tellability "Tellability")
- [Verisimilitude](/wiki/Verisimilitude_(fiction) "Verisimilitude (fiction)")

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