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Art | Definition, Examples, Types, Subjects, & Facts | Britannica
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Table of Contents


Introduction
[References & Edit History](https://www.britannica.com/art/visual-arts/additional-info) [Quick Facts & Related Topics](/facts/visual-arts)

[Images & Videos](https://www.britannica.com/art/visual-arts/images-videos)

[![Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa](https://cdn.britannica.com/87/2087-004-264616BB/Mona-Lisa-oil-wood-panel-Leonardo-da.jpg)](https://cdn.britannica.com/87/2087-004-264616BB/Mona-Lisa-oil-wood-panel-Leonardo-da.jpg)[![memorial board](https://cdn.britannica.com/81/3181-004-C293B758/Sawos-malu-coast-Sepik-Papua-New-Guinea.jpg)](https://cdn.britannica.com/81/3181-050-AD02FD28/Sawos-malu-coast-Sepik-Papua-New-Guinea.jpg)[![Learn about the significance of women in art at the National Museum of Women in the Arts](https://cdn.britannica.com/25/166625-138-465A4001/discussion-A-Womans-Touch-National-Museum-of.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)](/video/166625/discussion-A-Womans-Touch-National-Museum-of)[![Explore Chinese art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York](https://cdn.britannica.com/83/166583-138-981891D0/discussion-China-West-Meets-East-art-Chinese.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)](/video/166583/discussion-China-West-Meets-East-art-Chinese)[![Chinese sculpture during the Han dynasty examined](https://cdn.britannica.com/84/166584-138-63B951D2/discussion-China-West-Meets-East-art-Chinese.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)](/video/166584/discussion-China-West-Meets-East-art-Chinese)

Quizzes


[![Color pastels, colored chalk, colorful chalk. Hompepage blog 2009, arts and entertainment, history and society](https://cdn.britannica.com/74/129374-131-833AE3CF/Chalk.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/quiz/ultimate-art-quiz)

[Ultimate Art Quiz](/quiz/ultimate-art-quiz)

[![USA 2006 - 78th Annual Academy Awards. Closeup of giant Oscar statue at the entrance of the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles, California. Hompepage blog 2009, arts and entertainment, film movie hollywood](https://cdn.britannica.com/65/129465-131-8F637272/USA-Annual-Academy-Awards-Closeup-entrance-statue-2009.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/quiz/pop-culture-quiz)

[Pop Culture Quiz](/quiz/pop-culture-quiz)

[!["Deux Fantassins Casques (Two Helmeted Infantrymen)" Roger de La Fresnaye, 1917. Pen and black ink with wash, 30.8x19.4 cm](https://cdn.britannica.com/10/188710-131-F2C6578C/Fantassins-Casques-Roger-de-La-Fresnaye-Pen-1917.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/quiz/cubism-art-and-artists)

[Cubism: Art and Artists](/quiz/cubism-art-and-artists)

[![Artist paint brushes and watercolor paintbox on wooden palette. Instruments and tools for creative leisure. Creative background. Paintings art concept. Painting hobby. Back to school. Top view.](https://cdn.britannica.com/76/219376-131-8501C217/artists-brushes-paints.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/quiz/more-art-and-colors-quiz)

[More Art and Colors Quiz](/quiz/more-art-and-colors-quiz)

Related Questions


- [What are some of the major film festivals?](/question/What-are-some-of-the-major-film-festivals)
- [What is Japanese art?](/question/What-is-Japanese-art)
- [What is Japanese art known for?](/question/What-is-Japanese-art-known-for)
- [How does religion influence Japanese art?](/question/How-does-religion-influence-Japanese-art)

Read Next


[![Vandalized Art list. Combo of EB owned illustration (top) and parent Asset 182294. 4 of 11 The Rokeby Venus by Diego Velazquez was hit with a meat cleaver by Mary Richardson](https://cdn.britannica.com/68/182368-131-18162C94/vandalized-art-Rokeby-Venus-Diego-Velazquez-meat-cleaver-Mary-Richardson.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/art-abuse-11-vandalized-works-of-art)

[Art Abuse: 11 Vandalized Works of Art](/list/art-abuse-11-vandalized-works-of-art)

[![Painting palette with oil paints and brushes. Rainbow colored paints, arts and entertainment](https://cdn.britannica.com/35/179035-131-9646BA4D/Oil-paints-consistency-paste-variety-colors-brushes.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/art-history-the-origins-of-7-of-your-favorite-art-supplies)

[Art History: The Origins of 7 of Your Favorite Art Supplies](/list/art-history-the-origins-of-7-of-your-favorite-art-supplies)

[![Members of the public view artwork by Damien Hirst entitled: The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living - in the Tate Modern art gallery on April 2, 2012 in London, England. (see notes) (1991) Tiger shark, glass, steel](https://cdn.britannica.com/57/181457-131-E3E73B89/Members-artwork-view-art-gallery-Damien-Hirst-April-2-2012.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/vile-or-visionary-11-art-controversies-of-the-last-four-centuries)

[Vile or Visionary?: 11 Art Controversies of the Last Four Centuries](/story/vile-or-visionary-11-art-controversies-of-the-last-four-centuries)

[!["Self-Portrait with Straw Hat (verso: The Potato Peeler)," oil on canvas by Vincent van Gogh, 1887. In the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 40.6 x 31.8 cm.](https://cdn.britannica.com/80/96380-131-DBA491C6/Self-Portrait-canvas-Straw-Hat-Vincent-van-Gogh-1887.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/the-dramatic-life-of-vincent-van-gogh)

[The Dramatic Life of Vincent van Gogh](/story/the-dramatic-life-of-vincent-van-gogh)

[![Colorful abstract painting. Contemporary painting. Not a Jackson Pollock. Hompepage blog 2009, arts and entertainment, history and society](https://cdn.britannica.com/75/129375-131-D6125FA8/painting-blog-history-entertainment-Jackson-Pollock-Hompepage-2009.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/7-tongue-twisting-painting-techniques)

[7 Tongue-Twisting Painting Techniques](/list/7-tongue-twisting-painting-techniques)

Discover


[![Russian grand duchess Anastasia; undated photograph. (Anastasiya Nikolayevna, Tsar Nicholas II)](https://cdn.britannica.com/68/194168-131-CFE3851A/Anastasia.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/did-duchess-anastasia-survive-her-familys-execution)

[Did Duchess Anastasia Survive Her Family’s Execution?](/story/did-duchess-anastasia-survive-her-familys-execution)

[![Clouds of smoke rise from fires at the World Trade Center Towers as a result of terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. Photographed 9:54 am in Lower Manhattan.](https://cdn.britannica.com/24/199824-131-8B2223A9/smoke-rise-Clouds-fires-result-terrorist-attack-September-11-2001.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/timeline-of-the-september-11-attacks)

[Timeline of the September 11 Attacks](/list/timeline-of-the-september-11-attacks)

[![The Colosseum, Rome, Italy.  Giant amphitheatre built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. (ancient architecture; architectural ruins)](https://cdn.britannica.com/36/162636-131-E4AA93A0/Colosseum-Rome-Italy.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/new-seven-wonders-of-the-world)

[New Seven Wonders of the World](/list/new-seven-wonders-of-the-world)

[![Encyclopaedia Britannica First Edition: Volume 1, Plate XLIII, Figure 1, Astronomy, Solar System, Equation of Time, Precession of Equinoxes, Earth, orbit, ecliptic, apogee, perigee, line of apsides, mean anomaly, tropical year, Sydereal, Julian](https://cdn.britannica.com/30/119830-131-D828BB6C/Encyclopaedia-Britannica-First-Edition-Volume-1-Figure.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/first-day-of-fall)

[First Day of Fall](/story/first-day-of-fall)

[![King Cobra snake in Malaysia. (reptile)](https://cdn.britannica.com/68/152568-131-E6B869A4/King-cobra-world-snake.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/9-of-the-worlds-deadliest-snakes)

[9 of the World’s Deadliest Snakes](/list/9-of-the-worlds-deadliest-snakes)

[![Aladdin and the Efrite, jinn, genie.](https://cdn.britannica.com/07/186707-131-EE0952B0/Efrite-Aladdin-jinn.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/5-creepy-things-from-the-thousand-and-one-nights)

[5 Creepy Things from _The Thousand and One Nights_](/list/5-creepy-things-from-the-thousand-and-one-nights)

[![United States Electoral College votes by state](https://cdn.britannica.com/68/220368-131-C835E48E/United-States-electoral-college-votes-by-state.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/how-many-electoral-college-votes-does-each-us-state-have)

[How Many Electoral College Votes Does Each U.S. State Have?](/story/how-many-electoral-college-votes-does-each-us-state-have)


Contents


[Visual Arts](/browse/Visual-Arts)

# art



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- [Humanities LibreTexts - Introduction to Art - Design, Context, and Meaning](https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Art/Book%3A_Introduction_to_Art_-_Design_Context_and_Meaning_(Sachant_et_al.))
- [Art in Context - Types of Art - A Brief Exploration of the Different Kinds of Art](https://artincontext.org/types-of-art/)
- [Boise State Pressbooks - Introduction to Art](https://boisestate.pressbooks.pub/arthistory/chapter/introduction-to-art/)
- [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - The Definition of Art](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/art-definition/)
- [Official Site of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, United States](https://www.nga.gov/)

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- [Art in Context - Types of Art - A Brief Exploration of the Different Kinds of Art](https://artincontext.org/types-of-art/)
- [Boise State Pressbooks - Introduction to Art](https://boisestate.pressbooks.pub/arthistory/chapter/introduction-to-art/)
- [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - The Definition of Art](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/art-definition/)
- [Official Site of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, United States](https://www.nga.gov/)

Also known as: art


Written and fact-checked by


[The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica\
\
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.](/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419)

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated:

Aug 20, 2024
• [Article History](https://www.britannica.com/art/visual-arts/additional-info#history)


Table of Contents


[![Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa](https://cdn.britannica.com/87/2087-004-264616BB/Mona-Lisa-oil-wood-panel-Leonardo-da.jpg?w=400&h=300&c=crop)](https://cdn.britannica.com/87/2087-004-264616BB/Mona-Lisa-oil-wood-panel-Leonardo-da.jpg)

Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa

[See all media](https://www.britannica.com/art/visual-arts/images-videos)

Also called (to distinguish it from other art forms): visual art_(Show more)_

Key People: [John Ruskin](/biography/John-Ruskin)[Wassily Kandinsky](/biography/Wassily-Kandinsky)[James McNeill Whistler](/biography/James-McNeill-Whistler)[Lorenzo de’ Medici](/biography/Lorenzo-de-Medici)[Mi Fu](/biography/Mi-Fu)_(Show more)_

Related Topics: [Japanese art](/art/Japanese-art)[architecture](/topic/architecture)[film](/art/motion-picture)[Oceanic art and architecture](/art/Oceanic-art)[printmaking](/art/printmaking)_(Show more)_

[See all related content →](/facts/visual-arts)

Ask the Chatbot a Question

Ask the Chatbot a Question

**art**, a visual object or experience consciously created through an expression of skill or imagination. The [term](https://www.britannica.com/technology/term-architecture-and-sculpture) _art_ [encompasses](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/encompasses) [diverse](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diverse) media such as [painting](https://www.britannica.com/art/painting), [sculpture](https://www.britannica.com/art/sculpture), [printmaking](https://www.britannica.com/art/printmaking), [drawing](https://www.britannica.com/art/drawing-art), [decorative arts](https://www.britannica.com/art/decorative-art), [photography](https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography), and installation.

_[(Read Sister Wendy’s Britannica essay on art appreciation.)](https://www.britannica.com/topic/experiencing-art-1368300)_

[![](https://cdn.britannica.com/81/3181-050-AD02FD28/Sawos-malu-coast-Sepik-Papua-New-Guinea.jpg?w=300)](https://cdn.britannica.com/81/3181-050-AD02FD28/Sawos-malu-coast-Sepik-Papua-New-Guinea.jpg)

[memorial board](https://cdn.britannica.com/81/3181-050-AD02FD28/Sawos-malu-coast-Sepik-Papua-New-Guinea.jpg) Memorial board, wood. From the Sawos people, Sepik central coast, Papua New Guinea, in the Museum of Ethnology, Berlin.(more)

[![Learn about the significance of women in art at the National Museum of Women in the Arts](https://cdn.britannica.com/25/166625-138-465A4001/discussion-A-Womans-Touch-National-Museum-of.jpg?w=800&h=450&c=crop)](/video/166625/discussion-A-Womans-Touch-National-Museum-of)

Learn about the significance of women in art at the National Museum of Women in the ArtsA discussion concerning the significance of art, and women artists in particular, from the documentary _A Woman's Touch: National Museum of Women in the Arts_.(more)

[See all videos for this article](/art/visual-arts/images-videos)

[![Color pastels, colored chalk, colorful chalk. Hompepage blog 2009, arts and entertainment, history and society](https://cdn.britannica.com/74/129374-131-833AE3CF/Chalk.jpg)\
\
Britannica Quiz\
\
Ultimate Art Quiz](/quiz/ultimate-art-quiz)

The various visual arts exist within a [continuum](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/continuum) that ranges from purely [aesthetic](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aesthetic) purposes at one end to purely utilitarian purposes at the other. Such a polarity of purpose is reflected in the commonly used terms _artist_ and _artisan_, the latter understood as one who gives considerable attention to the utilitarian. This should by no means be taken as a rigid scheme, however. Even within one form of art, motives may vary widely; thus a potter or a weaver may create a highly functional work that is at the same time beautiful—a salad bowl, for example, or a blanket—or may create works that have no purpose beyond being admired. In [cultures](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cultures) such as those of Africa and Oceania, a definition of art that encompasses this continuum has existed for centuries. In the West, however, by the mid-18th century the development of academies for painting and sculpture established a sense that these media were “art” and therefore separate from more utilitarian media. This separation of art forms continued among art institutions until the late 20th century, when such rigid distinctions began to be questioned.

Particularly in the 20th century, a different sort of debate arose over the definition of _art_. A [seminal](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/seminal) moment in this discussion occurred in 1917, when [Dada](https://www.britannica.com/art/Dada) artist [Marcel Duchamp](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcel-Duchamp) submitted a [porcelain](https://www.britannica.com/art/porcelain) urinal entitled _Fountain_ to a public exhibition in [New York City](https://www.britannica.com/place/New-York-City). Through this act, Duchamp put forth a new definition of what [constitutes](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/constitutes) a work of art: he implied that it is enough for an artist to deem something “art” and put it in a publicly accepted [venue](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/venue). [Implicit](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Implicit) within this gesture was a challenge to the established art institutions—such as museums, exhibiting groups, and galleries—that have the power to determine what is and is not considered art. Such [intellectual](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intellectual) experimentation continued throughout the 20th century in movements such as [conceptual art](https://www.britannica.com/art/conceptual-art) and [minimalism](https://www.britannica.com/art/Minimalism). By the turn of the 21st century, a variety of new media (e.g., [video art](https://www.britannica.com/art/video-art)) further challenged traditional definitions of art.

Art is treated in a number of articles. For general discussions of the foundations, principles, practice, and character of art, _see_ [aesthetics](https://www.britannica.com/topic/aesthetics). _See also_ [art conservation and restoration](https://www.britannica.com/art/art-conservation-and-restoration).

For the technical and theoretical aspects of traditional categories of art, _see_ [drawing](https://www.britannica.com/art/drawing-art); [painting](https://www.britannica.com/art/painting); [printmaking](https://www.britannica.com/art/printmaking); [sculpture](https://www.britannica.com/art/sculpture). For technical and historical discussions of decorative arts and furnishings, _see_ [basketry](https://www.britannica.com/art/basketry); [enamelwork](https://www.britannica.com/art/enamelwork); [floral decoration](https://www.britannica.com/art/floral-decoration); [furniture](https://www.britannica.com/technology/furniture); [glassware](https://www.britannica.com/art/glassware); [interior design](https://www.britannica.com/art/interior-design); [lacquerwork](https://www.britannica.com/art/lacquerwork); [metalwork](https://www.britannica.com/topic/metalwork); [mosaic](https://www.britannica.com/art/mosaic-art); [pottery](https://www.britannica.com/art/pottery); [rug and carpet](https://www.britannica.com/technology/rug-and-carpet); [stained glass](https://www.britannica.com/art/stained-glass); [tapestry](https://www.britannica.com/art/tapestry). _See_ [photography](https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography) for a complete history of that medium.

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For [treatments](https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/treatments) of the various arts as practiced by specific peoples and cultures, _see_, for example, [African art](https://www.britannica.com/art/African-art); [Central Asian arts](https://www.britannica.com/art/Central-Asian-arts/Visual-arts#ref59430); [Egyptian art and architecture](https://www.britannica.com/art/Egyptian-art); [Islamic arts](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-arts/Visual-arts#ref61827); [Oceanic art and architecture](https://www.britannica.com/art/Oceanic-art); [South Asian arts](https://www.britannica.com/art/South-Asian-arts/Visual-arts-of-India-and-Sri-Lanka-Ceylon#ref65277).

[The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica](/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419)This article was most recently revised and updated by [Adam Augustyn](/editor/Adam-Augustyn/6394).