What is Climate Change? - تغییر اقلیم چیست؟ - MCE Clean Energy
تغییرات آب و هوایی بزرگترین تهدیدی است که جهان امروز با آن مواجه است. تغییرات جهانی در دما و الگوهای آب و هوا منجر به اثرات فاجعه بار بر محیط زیست و جمعیت ...
250000 مرگ اضافی
تغییرات اقلیمی به انواع خطرات سلامتی انسان کمک می کند و به گفته سازمان بهداشت جهانی، انتظار می رود که در حدود <anchor>250000 مرگ اضافی</anchor> سالانه تا سال 2030. دماهای بالاتر و تغییرات بارندگی شیوع بیماری های ناشی از غذا و آب و بیماری های منتقله از طریق حشرات مانند بیماری لایم و مالاریا را افزایش می دهد. گرمتر شدن دمای جهانی همچنین با افزایش آلودگی هوا، طولانی تر شدن فصول آلرژی و افزایش کپک، که اغلب باعث بیماری های تنفسی می شود، مرتبط است.
Climate change
Climate change
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- Climate change

[WHO/Yoshi Shimizu ](/images/default-source/wpro/health-topic/climate-change/f5-14112015-ki-03347.tmb-1920v.jpg?Culture=en&sfvrsn=2fed3c28_6 1920w "WHO/Yoshi Shimizu ")

WHO/Yoshi Shimizu


©Credits

# Climate change

Overview


Climate change is impacting human lives and health in a variety of ways. It threatens the essential ingredients of good health – clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food supply and safe shelter – and has the potential to undermine decades of progress in global health.

Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per year from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress alone. The direct damage costs to health are estimated to be between US$ 2–4 billion per year by 2030. Areas with weak health infrastructure – mostly in developing countries – will be the least able to cope without assistance to prepare and respond.

Greenhouse gas emissions that result from the extraction and burning of fossil fuels are major contributors to both climatechangeand air pollution. Many policies and individual measures, such as transport, food and energy use choices, have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and produce major health co-benefits, particularly by abating air pollution. The phase out of polluting energy systems, for example, or the promotion of public transportation and active movement, could both lower carbon emissions and cut the burden of household and ambient air pollution, which cause 7 million premature deaths per year

Impact


Climate change is already impacting health in a myriad of ways, including by leading to death and illness from increasingly frequent extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, storms and floods, the disruption of food systems, increases in zoonoses and food-, water- and vector-borne diseases, and mental health issues. Furthermore, climate change is undermining many of the social determinants for good health, such as livelihoods, equality and access to health care and social support structures. These climate-sensitive health risks are disproportionately felt by the most vulnerable and disadvantaged, including women, children, ethnic minorities, poor communities, migrants or displaced persons, older populations and those with underlying health conditions.

In the short to medium term, the health impacts of climate change will be determined mainly by the vulnerability of populations, their resilience to the current rate of climate change and the extent and pace of adaptation. In the longer term, the effects will increasingly depend on the extent to which transformational action is taken now to reduce emissions and avoid the breaching of dangerous temperature thresholds and potential irreversible tipping points.

WHO Response


WHO supports countries in building climate-resilient health systems and tracking national progress in protecting health from climate change, as well as in assessing the health gains that would result from the implementation of the existing Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement, and the potential for larger gains from more ambitious climate action.

WHO’s work plan on climate change and health includes:

- advocacy and partnerships: coordinating with partner agencies within the UN system, and ensuring that health is properly represented in the climate change agenda, as well as providing and disseminating information on the threats that climate change presents to human health and opportunities to promote health while cutting carbon emissions;
- monitoring science and evidence: coordinating reviews of the scientific evidence on the links between climate change and health; assessing country's preparedness and needs when facing climate change; and developing a global research agenda;
- supporting countries to protect human health from climate change: strengthening national capacities and improving the resilience and adaptive capacity of health systems to deal with the adverse health effects of climate change; and
- building capacity on climate change and human health: assisting countries to build capacity to reduce health vulnerability to climate change and promoting health while reducing carbon emissions.

Fact sheets

- [Biodiversity and Health](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/biodiversity-and-health "Biodiversity and Health")
- [Climate change](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health "Climate change")
- [El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/el-nino-southern-oscillation-(enso) "El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)")
- [Heat and health](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-heat-and-health "Heat and health")
- [Sand and dust storms](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sand-and-dust-storms "Sand and dust storms")

Questions and answers

- [Radiation: The ultraviolet (UV) index](/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index)

Initiatives and groups

- [Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH)](/initiatives/alliance-for-transformative-action-on-climate-and-health)
- [Climate Resilient Health Systems Initiative](/news-room/events/detail/2021/05/06/default-calendar/adaptation-action-coalition-health-launch)
- [Special Initiative on Climate change and Health in Small Island Developing States](/news/item/06-11-2017-special-initiative-on-climate-change-and-health-in-small-island-developing-states)
- [WHO Manifesto for a healthy recovery from COVID-19](/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-manifesto-for-a-healthy-recovery-from-covid-19)

Resolutions and decisions

- [WHO plan of action on climate change and health in small island developing States 2019–2023 (WHA 72/16)](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/328615/A72_16-en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)
- [Report on Health, environment and climate change by the Director-General (2018) (WHA71/10)](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276332/A71_10-en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)
- [WHO workplan on climate change and health 2014–2019 (EB136/16)](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/251707/B136_16-en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)
- [Progress Report on Climate Change and Health (EB139)](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250806/B139_6-en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)
- [Climate change and health resolution 2008 (WHA 61.19)](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/23547/A61_R19-en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)
- [Report by the Secretariat on climate change and health 2008 (WHA62/11)](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/2191/A62_11-en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)

Technical work

- [Environment, Climate Change and Health](/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health)
- [Climate Change and Health](/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/climate-change-and-health)

News

[All →](https://www.who.int/news?healthtopics=07b6b5da-4025-4288-bef1-cce0ea8b2569)

[29 July 2024\
\
Departmental update\
\
WHO announces the 2024 updated Compendium of interventions on environmental health](/news/item/29-07-2024-who-announces-the-2024-updated-compendium-of-interventions-on-environmental-health)

[25 July 2024\
\
Departmental update\
\
United Nations Secretary-General calls for global action on extreme heat](/news/item/25-07-2024-united-nations-secretary-general-calls-for-global-action-on-extreme-heat)

[17 June 2024\
\
Departmental update\
\
Health professionals meet to further the climate change and health agenda](/news/item/17-06-2024-health-professionals-meet-to-further-the-climate-change-and-health-agenda)

[5 June 2024\
\
Departmental update\
\
Experts warn of serious health impacts from climate change for pregnant women, children, and older people](/news/item/05-06-2024-experts-warn-of-serious-health-impacts-from-climate-change-for-pregnant-women--children--and-older-people)

## Latest publications

[All →](https://www.who.int/publications/i?healthtopics=07b6b5da-4025-4288-bef1-cce0ea8b2569)

![Report of a scoping meeting for the selection of indicators to monitor the impact of extreme heat on maternal, newborn and child health](https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/378102/9789240079830-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=4)

3 July 2024

[**Report of a scoping meeting for the selection of indicators to monitor the impact of extreme heat on...**](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240079830)

This document summarizes the first meeting of an expert group convened in April 2023.The meeting had two key aims:1) to convene a group of multidisciplinary...

[Download](https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/378102/9789240079830-eng.pdf?sequence=1)

[Read More](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240079830)

![Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance in health and environment, 2024 update](https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/378095/9789240095380-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=4)

3 July 2024

[**Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance in health and environment, 2024 update**](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240095380)

This is the 2024 update of the Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance on health and environment.
The Compendium is a comprehensive collection of available...

[Download](https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/378095/9789240095380-eng.pdf?sequence=1)

[Read More](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240095380)

![Water and sanitation interventions to prevent and control mosquito borne disease: focus on emergencies](https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376497/9789240090644-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=4)

10 April 2024

[**Water and sanitation interventions to prevent and control mosquito borne disease: focus on emergencies**](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240090644)

Climate change, conflict and human displacement are all growing in scale, increasing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. A number of effective water,...

[Download](https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376497/9789240090644-eng.pdf?sequence=1)

[Read More](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240090644)

![Communicating on climate change and health: Toolkit for health professionals](https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376283/9789240090224-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=4)

22 March 2024

[**Communicating on climate change and health: Toolkit for health professionals**](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240090224)

While climate change is a big threat to health, implementing solutions to address climate change presents a huge opportunity to promote better health and...

[Download](https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376283/9789240090224-eng.pdf?sequence=1)

[Read More](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240090224)

# Documents

[All →](https://www.who.int/publications/m?healthtopics=07b6b5da-4025-4288-bef1-cce0ea8b2569)

![Cover page for expert meeting report](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/health-topics/climate-change/report-expert-meeting-thumb.tmb-144v.jpg?sfvrsn=cef71230_1)

5 August 2024

[**Expert meeting on using climate and weather information for predicting and preparing for cholera and...**](/publications/m/item/expert-meeting-on-using-climate-and-weather-information-for-predicting-and-preparing-for-cholera-and-vector-borne-diseases--25-26-june-2019)

Climate variability and change impact health risks worldwide. An important aspect of building health resilience, intersecting with strengthening health...

[Download](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/climate-change/final-report-expert-meeting-june-2019.pdf?sfvrsn=8382b777_3&download=true)

[Read More](/publications/m/item/expert-meeting-on-using-climate-and-weather-information-for-predicting-and-preparing-for-cholera-and-vector-borne-diseases--25-26-june-2019)

![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/infographics/compendium-on-environment-and-health/screenshot-2024-05-22.tmb-144v.png?sfvrsn=d177875c_1)

22 May 2024

[**Safe, climate-resilient and environmentally sustainable health care facilities: Aide-memoire**](/publications/m/item/safe--climate-resilient-and-environmentally-sustainable-health-care-facilities--aide-memoire)

This Aide-memoire provides a brief overview of safe, climate-resilient and environmentally sustainable health care facilities and the key actions needed...

[Download](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/who-compendium-on-health-and-environment/hcf-aide-memoire.pdf?sfvrsn=9e6d541e_1&download=true)

[Read More](/publications/m/item/safe--climate-resilient-and-environmentally-sustainable-health-care-facilities--aide-memoire)

![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/health-and-climate-change/screenshot-2024-05-20.tmb-144v.png?sfvrsn=4fe4d843_1)

20 May 2024

[**WHO Environmental and Social Safeguards Framework**](/publications/m/item/who-environmental-and-social-safeguards-framework)

The World Health Organization (WHO) Environmental and Social Safeguard Framework (ESSF) is intended to promote universal access to health...

[Download](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/climate-change/who-environmental-framework-report.pdf?sfvrsn=324b818a_3&download=true)

[Read More](/publications/m/item/who-environmental-and-social-safeguards-framework)

![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/health-and-climate-change/financing-ppt.tmb-144v.png?sfvrsn=f996e3eb_1)

25 April 2024

[**Climate and Health Financing Needs**](/publications/m/item/climate-and-health-financing-needs)

This slide deck represents a qualitative assessment of country-determined needs and opportunities around mobilizing financing for climate and health solutions...

[Download](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/climate-change/climate-and-health-financing-needs-final-report.pdf?sfvrsn=e9e20d2b_2&download=true)

[Read More](/publications/m/item/climate-and-health-financing-needs)

Our work

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[Advocacy and Partnerships to protect human health from climate change](https://www.who.int/activities/awareness-raising-to-protect-human-health-from-climate-change)

[Building capacity on climate change and human health](https://www.who.int/activities/building-capacity-on-climate-change-human-health)

[Monitoring science and evidence on climate change and health](https://www.who.int/activities/monitoring-science-and-evidence-on-climate-change-and-health)

[Promoting biodiversity conservation for climate and health](https://www.who.int/activities/promoting-biodiversity-conservation-for-climate-and-health)

Feature stories

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[19 August 2024\
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Donors making a difference: protecting health on the frontlines of humanitarian crises](/news-room/feature-stories/detail/donors-making-a-difference--protecting-health-on-the-frontlines-of-humanitarian-crises)

[24 July 2024\
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﻿Japan supports WHO’s work to improve health services and emergency response](/news-room/feature-stories/detail/japan-supports-who-s-work-to-improve-health-services-and-emergency-response)

[8 December 2023\
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Donors making a difference for universal health coverage](/news-room/feature-stories/detail/donors-making-a-difference-for-universal-health-coverage)

[11 August 2023\
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Youth Leading for Health!](/news-room/feature-stories/detail/youth-leading-for-health)

# Infographics

[All →](https://www.who.int/multi-media?healthtopics=07b6b5da-4025-4288-bef1-cce0ea8b2569)

[![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/health-and-climate-change/heat-vulnerability-factors.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=da88713d_1)\
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Infographic\
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**Main Heat Vulnerability Factors**](/multi-media/details/main-heat-vulnerability-factors)

[![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/health-and-climate-change/extreme-heat.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=e5ebdace_1)\
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Infographic\
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**Scale and nature of the health impacts of heat**](/multi-media/details/scale-and-nature-of-the-health-impacts-of-heat)

[![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/2021-dha-images/millions-of-children-around-the-world-breathe-toxic-air.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=593103b7_1)\
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Infographic\
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**Millions of children around the world breathe toxic air**](/multi-media/details/millions-of-children-around-the-world-breathe-toxic-air)

[![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/mca/child-health/climate-change-is-dangerous-to-health-and-threatens-children-s-futures.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=2ca8921d_1)\
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Infographic\
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**Climate change is dangerous to health and threatens children's futures**](/multi-media/details/climate-change-is-dangerous-to-health-and-threatens-children-s-futures)

# Videos

[All →](https://www.who.int/multi-media?healthtopics=07b6b5da-4025-4288-bef1-cce0ea8b2569)

[![WHO Director-General Special Envoy for Climate Change and Health Dr Vanessa Kerry](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/health-topics/health-workforce/thumbnails-hwf/events-hwf/20240610-climate-hp.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=86687279_1)\
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10 June 2024\
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**The contributions of health professions to the climate change & health agenda**](/multi-media/details/20240610-healthprofessionals-climate)

[![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/health-topics/20200205_who_executive_board_063.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=c0107738_6)\
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31 January 2024\
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**WHO press conference on global health issues – 31 January 2024**](/multi-media/details/who-press-conference-on-global-health-issues---31-january-2024)

[![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/health-topics/20200205_who_executive_board_063.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=c0107738_6)\
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10 January 2024\
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**WHO press conference on global health issues – 10 January 2024**](/multi-media/details/who-press-conference-on-global-health-issues-10-january-2024)

[![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/health-and-climate-change/video-neira-cop28-thumb.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=8225ec2b_1)\
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14 December 2023\
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**Health took center stage in climate negotiations at \#COP28**](/multi-media/details/health-took-center-stage-in-climate-negotiations-at--cop28)

## Events

[All →](https://www.who.int/news-room/events/overview?healthtopics=07b6b5da-4025-4288-bef1-cce0ea8b2569)

[Second Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health\
\
25 – 27 March 2025](/news-room/events/detail/2025/03/25/default-calendar/second-global-conference-on-air-pollution-and-health)

[Webinar: Accessing GCF Readiness funds with WHO as the Delivery Partner (TBC)\
\
23 October 2024](/news-room/events/detail/2024/10/23/default-calendar/webinar--accessing-gcf-readiness-funds-with-who-as-the-delivery-partner-(tbc))

[Webinar: Conducting a gender analysis for climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessments\
\
16 October 2024](/news-room/events/detail/2024/10/16/default-calendar/webinar--conducting-a-gender-analysis-for-climate-change-and-health-vulnerability---adaptation-assessments)

[Webinar: Developing a Health National Adaptation Plan: Quality criteria for HNAPs\
\
25 September 2024](/news-room/events/detail/2024/09/25/default-calendar/webinar--developing-a-health-national-adaptation-plan--quality-criteria-for-hnaps)

Campaign

[![](https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/campaigns/world-health-day/whd-website-header-1280x720px_white.jpg?sfvrsn=3ccc755_20)\
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World Health Day 2022 - Our planet, our health](/campaigns/world-health-day/2022)

Related health topics

[Physical environment\
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Air pollution](https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution)

[Disasters\
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Wildfires](https://www.who.int/health-topics/wildfires)

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