New Space o el presente de la exploración espacial - Ciencia UNAM
El doctor Rafael Chávez Moreno, de la Unidad de Alta Tecnología de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la UNAM, explica que colocar en el espacio un ...
movimiento conocido
Este <anchor>movimiento conocido</anchor> como New Space, también es identificado como New Space Economy, Alt.space, espacio emprendedor o espacio comercial. Su objetivo es el desarrollo de negocios enfocados en diversas actividades espaciales; está fincado sobre un modelo de empresas visionarias e innovadoras emergidas de Silicon Valley, queprioriza las inversiones privadas sobre las públicas.
From new space to big space: How commercial space dream is becoming a reality - ScienceDirect
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## [Acta Astronautica](/journal/acta-astronautica "Go to Acta Astronautica on ScienceDirect")

[Volume 166](/journal/acta-astronautica/vol/166/suppl/C "Go to table of contents for this volume/issue"), January 2020, Pages 431-443

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# From new space to big space: How commercial space dream is becoming a reality [☆](\#aep-article-footnote-id11)

Author links open overlay panelGilDenisa, DidierAlarya, XavierPascob, NathaliePisota, DelphineTexiera, SandrineToulzaa

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[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.08.031](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.08.031 "Persistent link using digital object identifier") [Get rights and content](https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=ELS&contentID=S0094576519313451&orderBeanReset=true)

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## Highlights

- •
This paper reports an “organizational ecology” of the new space ecosystem.

- •
Its ambition is to help understanding complex evolutions in the space sector.

- •
It reviews old and new actors, the main trends and the evolution of activities.

- •
Two sectors (Earth Observation and Telecommunications) are analysed in details.

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It discusses possible evolutions and impacts, threats and opportunities.


## Abstract

New space is a misleading expression. Many new trends steer the evolution of space activities. Development of commercial space, with start-ups and space ventures, is one of the most visible trends in space. Stimulated by the first initiatives related to space tourism, access to space and the growing use of small satellites, space activities have attracted new entrepreneurs, both start-ups and big web actors with substantial investment capacity. This revolution started in the Silicon Valley and spread worldwide. Start-ups have attracted around $21.8 billion of investment from 2000 to 2018. It is far below the annual institutional budgets but the pace gained momentum since 2006 and specially 2012.

Between teenage crisis and age of reason, New space is now old: the first start-ups shall confirm their promises, while new players pop up and try to find their way. It shakes the legacy players but they demonstrate resilience and adaptation capacity. It is now the right time to take stock of the first lessons learnt. Start-ups disrupt the established industry? Instead of a simplistic shortcut, this paper reports an “organizational ecology” study. With a deliberate industrial viewpoint, its ambition is to help understanding complex evolutions in the space ecosystem.

The first part of the paper introduces the current ecosystem, its actors, the key trends and the main types of activities. Through facts and figures on technology, investments and markets, the second part reviews how “new space” trends are preparing the advent of big space. The third part summarises lessons from other industries and typical disruption scenarios that could affect space activities. The drivers of New space are discussed in section four. The last part is a foresight exercise, discussing possible evolutions and impacts, threats and opportunities. The decisive role of institutional actors and the « new space » with more and more space-faring nations is also highlighted.

Something big is happening in space. While it is too early to depict the new landscape, this study shows that the future picture will not be black and white but more colourful. The size and the age of the company are less important than agility, mindset, ability to manage risks and to cooperate. A big vision for the future, from entrepreneurs or from nations, is also needed.

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## Keywords

Newspace

Innovation

Space economy

Space ecosystem

Start-ups

Venture capital

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## Cited by (0)

[☆](#baep-article-footnote-id11)

Special thanks to François Auque, Nicolas Chamussy, Jean Dauphin, Pierre-François Delval, Arnaud de Rosnay, Serge Flamenbaum, Bruno Le Stradic, François Lombard (Airbus Defence and Space), Isabelle Sourbes-Verger (CNRS), Arthur Sauzay (Institut Montaigne), Manny Shar, Janice Starzyk (Bryce Space and Technology).

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAA.

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