Volksmärchen der Deutschen - Wikipedia
Volksmärchen der Deutschen is an early collection of German folk stories retold in a satirical style by Johann Karl August Musäus, published in five volumes ...
chapbooks
The first English translation was Popular Tales of the Germans (1791) by Thomas Beddoes, which contained five of the stories: "Richilda", "The Book of the Chronicles of the Three Sisters", "The Stealing of the Veil", "Elfin Freaks" ("Legenden von Rübezahl"), and "The Nymph of the Fountain". This book was published anonymously, and the translation was traditionally attributed to William Beckford "William Beckford (novelist)").[7] Other early translations include "The Elopement" in the magazine The German Museum (1801),[i] and the "Legends of Rübezahl" published in three <anchor>chapbooks</anchor> by S. Fisher (1804–1805).[ii]
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- [1Terminology](#Terminology)
- [2History](#History)
- [3Production and distribution](#Production_and_distribution)
- [4Content](#Content)
- [5Influence](#Influence)
- [6Later production](#Later_production)
- [7Collections](#Collections)
- [8See also](#See_also)
- [9References](#References)Toggle References subsection  - [9.1Citations](#Citations)
  - [9.2Works cited](#Works_cited)
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# Chapbook

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- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9 "كتب قصصية صغيرة – Arabic")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Short inexpensive booklet

"Chap-Book" redirects here. For the 19th-century American magazine, see [The Chap-Book](/wiki/The_Chap-Book "The Chap-Book").

Not to be confused with [chapter book](/wiki/Chapter_book "Chapter book").

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg)

This article **needs additional citations for [verification](/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability")**. Please help [improve this article](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Chapbook "Special:EditPage/Chapbook") by [adding citations to reliable sources](/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners "Help:Referencing for beginners"). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

_Find sources:_ ["Chapbook"](https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Chapbook%22) – [news](https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Chapbook%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) **·** [newspapers](https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Chapbook%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) **·** [books](https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Chapbook%22+-wikipedia) **·** [scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Chapbook%22) **·** [JSTOR](https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Chapbook%22&acc=on&wc=on)_(February 2024)__([Learn how and when to remove this message](/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal"))_

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Chapbook_Jack_the_Giant_Killer.jpg/220px-Chapbook_Jack_the_Giant_Killer.jpg)](/wiki/File:Chapbook_Jack_the_Giant_Killer.jpg) The chapbook _[Jack the Giant Killer](/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Killer "Jack the Giant Killer")_

A **chapbook** is a type of small printed booklet that was popular medium for [street literature](/wiki/Street_literature "Street literature") throughout [early modern Europe](/wiki/Early_modern_Europe "Early modern Europe"). Chapbooks were usually produced cheaply, illustrated with crude [woodcuts](/wiki/Woodcut "Woodcut") and printed on a single sheet folded into 8, 12, 16, or 24 pages, sometimes bound with a [saddle stitch](/wiki/Saddle_stitch "Saddle stitch"). Printers provided chapbooks on credit to chapmen, who sold them both from door to door and at markets and fairs, then paying for the stock they sold. The tradition of chapbooks emerged during the 16th century as printed books were becoming affordable, with the medium ultimately reaching its height of popularity during the 17th and 18th centuries. Various [ephemera](/wiki/Ephemera "Ephemera") and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks, such as [almanacs](/wiki/Almanac "Almanac"), [children's literature](/wiki/Children%27s_literature "Children's literature"), [folklore](/wiki/Folklore "Folklore"), [ballads](/wiki/Ballads "Ballads"), [nursery rhymes](/wiki/Nursery_rhyme "Nursery rhyme"), [pamphlets](/wiki/Pamphlet "Pamphlet"), [poetry](/wiki/Poetry "Poetry"), and political and religious [tracts](/wiki/Tract_(literature) "Tract (literature)"). The term _chapbook_ remains in use by publishers to refer to short, inexpensive booklets.

## Terminology

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Terminology")\]

_Chapbook_ is first attested in English in 1824, and seemingly derives from _[chapman](/wiki/Chapmen "Chapmen")_, the word for the itinerant salesmen who would sell such books.[\[1\]](#cite_note-1)[\[2\]](#cite_note-2) The first element of _chapman_ comes in turn from Old English _cēap_ 'barter', 'business', 'dealing',[\[3\]](#cite_note-3) from which the modern adjective _cheap_ was ultimately derived.

Chapbooks correspond to Spanish [Cordel literature](/wiki/Cordel_literature "Cordel literature"), and to French _[bibliothèque bleue](/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_bleue "Bibliothèque bleue")_ 'blue library' literature, because they were often wrapped in cheap blue paper that was usually reserved as a wrapping for sugar.[\[4\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011121-4) Chapbooks are called _Volksbuch_ 'people's book' in German, and as _pliegos sueltos_ 'loose sheets' in Spanish, with the latter name referring to their method of assembly.[\[4\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011121-4) _[Lubok](/wiki/Lubok "Lubok")_ books are the Russian equivalent.[\[5\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011158-5)

## History

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: History")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png/220px-Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png)](/wiki/File:Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png) Woodcut of a [fairy-circle](/wiki/Fairy-circle "Fairy-circle") from a 17th-century chapbook

[Broadside ballads](/wiki/Broadside_ballads "Broadside ballads") were popular songs, sold for a [penny](/wiki/Penny "Penny") or [halfpenny](/wiki/Halfpenny_(British_pre-decimal_coin) "Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin)") in the streets of towns and villages around Britain between the 16th and the early 20th centuries. They preceded chapbooks but had similar content, marketing, and distribution systems. There are records from [Cambridgeshire](/wiki/Cambridgeshire "Cambridgeshire") as early as in 1553 of a man offering a scurrilous ballad "maistres mass" at an [alehouse](/wiki/Alehouse "Alehouse"), and a pedlar selling "lytle books" to people,[\[6\]](#cite_note-6) including a patcher of old clothes in 1578. These sales are probably characteristic of the market for chapbooks.

The form factor originated in Britain, but was also used in North America. Chapbooks gradually disappeared from the mid-19th century in the face of competition from cheap newspapers and, especially in Scotland, from tract societies that regarded them as ungodly.

Chapbooks were generally aimed at buyers who did not maintain libraries, and due to their flimsy construction they rarely survive as individual items. In an era when paper was expensive, chapbooks were sometimes used for wrapping, baking, or as [toilet paper](/wiki/Toilet_paper "Toilet paper").[\[7\]](#cite_note-7) Many of the surviving chapbooks come from the collections of [Samuel Pepys](/wiki/Samuel_Pepys "Samuel Pepys") between 1661 and 1688 which are now held at [Magdalene College, Cambridge](/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge "Magdalene College, Cambridge"). The antiquary [Anthony Wood](/wiki/Anthony_Wood_(antiquary) "Anthony Wood (antiquary)") also collected 65 chapbooks, including 20 from before 1660, which are now in the [Bodleian Library](/wiki/Bodleian_Library "Bodleian Library"). There are also significant Scottish collections, such as those held by the [University of Glasgow](/wiki/University_of_Glasgow "University of Glasgow")[\[8\]](#cite_note-8) and the [National Library of Scotland](/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland "National Library of Scotland").[\[9\]](#cite_note-9)

Modern collectors such as [Peter Opie](/wiki/Peter_Opie "Peter Opie"), have chiefly a scholarly interest in the form.[\[10\]](#cite_note-10)[\[11\]](#cite_note-11) Modern small literary presses, such as [Louffa Press](/w/index.php?title=Louffa_Press&action=edit&redlink=1 "Louffa Press (page does not exist)"), [Black Lawrence Press](/wiki/Black_Lawrence_Press "Black Lawrence Press") and [Ugly Duckling Presse](/wiki/Ugly_Duckling_Presse "Ugly Duckling Presse"), continue to issue several small editions of chapbooks a year, updated in technique and materials, often to high fabrication standards, such as [letterpress](/wiki/Letterpress "Letterpress").

## Production and distribution

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Production and distribution")\]

Chapbooks were cheap, anonymous publications that were the usual reading material for lower-class people who could not afford books. Members of the upper classes occasionally owned chapbooks, and sometimes bound them in leather. Printers typically tailored their texts for the popular market. Chapbooks were usually between four and twenty-four pages long, and produced on rough paper with crude, frequently recycled, woodcut illustrations. They sold in the millions.\[ _[clarification needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")_\] After 1696, English chapbook peddlers had to be licensed, and 2,500 of them were then authorized, 500 in London alone. In France, there were 3,500 licensed [colporteurs](/wiki/Colporteur "Colporteur") by 1848, and they sold 40 million books annually.[\[12\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011121–122-12)

The centre of the chapbook and ballad production was London, and until the [Great Fire of London](/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London "Great Fire of London") in 1666 the printers were based around [London Bridge](/wiki/London_Bridge "London Bridge"). However, a feature of chapbooks is the proliferation of provincial printers, especially in Scotland and [Newcastle upon Tyne](/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne "Newcastle upon Tyne").[\[13\]](#cite_note-13) The first Scottish publication was the tale of _[Tom Thumb](/wiki/Tom_Thumb "Tom Thumb"),_ in 1682.[\[14\]](#cite_note-:0-14)

## Content

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Content")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/CalasChapbook.jpg/240px-CalasChapbook.jpg)](/wiki/File:CalasChapbook.jpg) The frontispiece of a late 18th-century chapbook edition of [Voltaire](/wiki/Voltaire "Voltaire")'s _The Extraordinary Tragical Fate of Calas_, depicting [Jean Calas](/wiki/Jean_Calas "Jean Calas") being [broken on the wheel](/wiki/Broken_on_the_wheel "Broken on the wheel")

Chapbooks were an important medium for the dissemination of popular culture to the common people, especially in rural areas. They were a medium of entertainment and information. Though the content of chapbooks has been criticized as unsophisticated narratives which were heavily loaded with repetition and emphasized adventure through mostly anecdotal structures,[\[15\]](#cite_note-15) they are valued as a record of popular culture, preserving cultural artefacts that may not survive in any other form.

Chapbooks were priced for sales to workers, although their market was not limited to the working classes. Broadside ballads were sold for a [halfpenny](/wiki/Halfpenny_(British_pre-decimal_coin) "Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin)"), or a few [pence](/wiki/Pence "Pence"). Prices of chapbooks were from 2d. to 6d., when agricultural labourers' wages were 12d. per day. The literacy rate in England in the 1640s was around 30 percent for males and rose to 60 percent in the mid-18th century. Many working people were readers, if not writers, and pre-industrial working patterns provided periods during which they could read.

Chapbooks were used for reading to family groups or groups in alehouses. They contributed to the development of literacy, and there is evidence of their use by [autodidacts](/wiki/Autodidact "Autodidact"). In the 1660s, as many as 400,000 [almanacs](/wiki/Almanac "Almanac") were printed annually, enough for one family in three in England. One 17th-century publisher of chapbooks in London stocked one book for every 15 families in the country.\[ _[clarification needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")_\] In the 1520s the Oxford bookseller John Dorne noted in his day-book selling up to 190 [ballads](/wiki/Ballads "Ballads") a day at a halfpenny each. The probate inventory of the stock of Charles Tias, of _The sign of the Three Bibles_ on London Bridge, in 1664 included books and printed sheets to make approximately 90,000 chapbooks (including 400 reams of paper) and 37,500 ballad sheets. Tias was not regarded as an outstanding figure in the trade. The inventory of Josiah Blare, of _The Sign of the Looking Glass_ on London Bridge, in 1707 listed 31,000 books, plus 257 reams of printed sheets. A conservative estimate of sales in Scotland alone in the second half of the 18th century was over 200,000 per year.

Printers provided chapbooks on credit to chapmen, who sold them both from door to door and at markets and fairs, then paying for the stock they sold. This facilitated wide distribution and large sales with minimum outlay, and also provided the printers with feedback about what titles were most popular. Popular works were reprinted, pirated, edited, and produced in different editions.

Publishers also issued catalogues, and chapbooks are found in the libraries of provincial [yeomen](/wiki/Yeomen "Yeomen") and [gentry](/wiki/Gentry "Gentry"). John Whiting, a Quaker yeoman imprisoned at [Ilchester, Somerset](/wiki/Ilchester,_Somerset "Ilchester, Somerset"), in the 1680s had books sent by carrier from London, and left for him at an inn.

Samuel Pepys had a collection of ballads bound into volumes, under the following classifications, into which could fit the subject matter of most chapbooks:

01. Devotion and Morality
02. History – true and fabulous
03. Tragedy: viz. Murders, executions, and judgments of God
04. State and Times
05. Love – pleasant
06. Ditto – unpleasant
07. Marriage, Cuckoldry, &c.
08. Sea – love, gallantry & actions
09. Drinking and good fellowship
10. Humour, frollicks and mixt.

Stories in many chapbooks have much earlier origins. _Bevis of Hampton_ was an Anglo-Norman romance of the 13th century, which probably drew on earlier themes. The structure of _[The Seven Sages of Rome](/wiki/The_Seven_Sages_of_Rome "The Seven Sages of Rome")_ was of Eastern origin, and was used by [Geoffrey Chaucer](/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer "Geoffrey Chaucer"). Many jests about ignorant and greedy clergy in chapbooks were taken from _The Friar and the Boy_ printed about 1500 by [Wynkyn de Worde](/wiki/Wynkyn_de_Worde "Wynkyn de Worde"), and _The Sackfull of News_ (1557).

Historical stories set in a mythical and fantastical past were popular, while many significant historical figures and events appear rarely or not at all: in the Pepys collection, [Charles I](/wiki/Charles_I_of_England "Charles I of England"), and [Oliver Cromwell](/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell "Oliver Cromwell") do not appear as historical figures, [The Wars of the Roses](/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Roses "The Wars of the Roses") and the [English Civil War](/wiki/English_Civil_War "English Civil War") do not appear at all, [Elizabeth I](/wiki/Elizabeth_I "Elizabeth I") appears only once, and [Henry VIII](/wiki/Henry_VIII "Henry VIII") and [Henry II](/wiki/Henry_II_of_England "Henry II of England") appear in disguise, standing up for the right\[ _[clarification needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")_\] with cobblers and millers and then inviting them to court and rewarding them. There was a pattern of high born heroes overcoming reduced circumstances by valour, such as [Saint George](/wiki/Saint_George "Saint George"), [Guy of Warwick](/wiki/Guy_of_Warwick "Guy of Warwick"), [Robin Hood](/wiki/Robin_Hood "Robin Hood"), and heroes of low birth who achieve status through force of arms, such as Clim of Clough, and William of Cloudesley. Clergy often appear as figures of fun, and foolish countrymen were also popular (e.g., _[The Wise Men of Gotham](/wiki/The_Wise_Men_of_Gotham "The Wise Men of Gotham")_). Other works were aimed at regional and rural audience (e.g., _The Country Mouse and the Town Mouse_).

From 1597 works were published that were aimed at specific trades, such as [cloth merchants](/wiki/Cloth_merchant "Cloth merchant"), [weavers](/wiki/Weaver_(occupation) "Weaver (occupation)") and [shoemakers](/wiki/Shoemakers "Shoemakers"). The latter were commonly literate.\[ _[clarification needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")_\] Thomas Deloney, a weaver, wrote _Thomas of Reading_, about six clothiers from [Reading](/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire "Reading, Berkshire"), [Gloucester](/wiki/Gloucester "Gloucester"), [Worcester](/wiki/Worcester,_England "Worcester, England"), [Exeter](/wiki/Exeter "Exeter"), [Salisbury](/wiki/Salisbury "Salisbury") and [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton "Southampton"), traveling together and meeting at [Basingstoke](/wiki/Basingstoke "Basingstoke") their fellows from [Kendal](/wiki/Kendal "Kendal"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester") and [Halifax](/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire "Halifax, West Yorkshire"). In his _Jack of [Newbury](/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire "Newbury, Berkshire")_, set during [Henry VIII](/wiki/Henry_VIII "Henry VIII")'s reign, an apprentice to a [broadcloth](/wiki/Broadcloth "Broadcloth") weaver takes over his business and marries his widow on his death. On achieving success, he is liberal to the poor and refuses a knighthood for his substantial services to the king.

Other examples from the Pepys collection include _The Countryman's Counsellor, or Everyman his own Lawyer_, and _Sports and Pastimes_, written for schoolboys, including magic tricks, like how to "fetch a shilling out of a handkerchief",\[ _[This quote needs a citation](/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations "Wikipedia:Inline citation")_\] write invisibly, make roses out of paper, snare wild duck, and make a maid-servant fart uncontrollably.

The provinces and Scotland had their own local heroes. [Robert Burns](/wiki/Robert_Burns "Robert Burns") commented that one of the first two books he read in private was "the history of Sir [William Wallace](/wiki/William_Wallace "William Wallace") ... poured a Scottish prejudice in my veins which will boil along there till the flood-gates of life shut in eternal rest".\[ _[This quote needs a citation](/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations "Wikipedia:Inline citation")_\]

## Influence

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Influence")\]

Chapbooks had a wide and continuing influence. Eighty percent of English folk songs collected by early-20th-century collectors have been linked to printed broadsides, including over 90 of which could only be derived from those printed before 1700. It has been suggested the majority of surviving ballads can be traced to 1550–1600 by internal evidence.

One of the most popular and influential chapbooks was Richard Johnson's _Seven Champions of Christendom_ (1596), believed to be the source for the introduction of [Saint George](/wiki/Saint_George "Saint George") into English [folk plays](/wiki/Folk_play "Folk play").

[Robert Greene](/wiki/Robert_Greene_(16th_century) "Robert Greene (16th century)")'s 1588 novel _[Dorastus and Fawnia](/wiki/Dorastus_and_Fawnia "Dorastus and Fawnia")_, the basis of Shakespeare's _[The Winter's Tale](/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale "The Winter's Tale")_, was still being published in cheap editions in the 1680s. Some stories were still being published in the 19th century, (e.g., _Jack of Newbury_, _Friar Bacon_, _Dr Faustus_ and _[The Seven Champions of Christendom](/wiki/The_Seven_Champions_of_Christendom "The Seven Champions of Christendom")_).

## Later production

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Later production")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chapbook.JPG/220px-Chapbook.JPG)](/wiki/File:Chapbook.JPG) A modern chapbook

_Chapbook_ is also a term currently used to denote publications of up to about 40 pages, usually poetry bound with some form of [saddle stitch](/wiki/Saddle_stitch "Saddle stitch"), though many are [perfect bound](/wiki/Perfect_bound "Perfect bound"), folded, or wrapped. These publications range from low-cost productions to finely produced, hand-made editions that may sell to collectors for hundreds of dollars. More recently,\[ _[when?](/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")_\] the popularity of fiction and non-fiction chapbooks has also increased. In the UK they are more often referred to as [pamphlets](/wiki/Pamphlet "Pamphlet").

The genre has been revitalized in the past 40 years by the widespread availability of first [mimeograph](/wiki/Mimeograph "Mimeograph") technology, then low-cost copy centres and digital printing, and by the cultural revolutions spurred by both [zines](/wiki/Zines "Zines") and [poetry slams](/wiki/Poetry_slam "Poetry slam"), the latter generating hundreds upon hundreds of self-published chapbooks that are used to fund tours. The Center for the Humanities at the [City University of New York](/wiki/City_University_of_New_York "City University of New York") Graduate Center has held the NYC/CUNY Chapbook Festival, focused on "the chapbook as a work of art, and as a medium for alternative and emerging writers and publishers".[\[16\]](#cite_note-16)

## Collections

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Collections")\]

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png)

This article **may contain [unverified](/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability") or [indiscriminate](/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information "Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not") information** in [embedded lists](/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Embedded_lists "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Embedded lists"). Please help [clean up the lists](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit) by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article._(May 2024)_

- The [National Library of Scotland](/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland "National Library of Scotland")[\[17\]](#cite_note-17) holds a large collection of Scottish chapbooks; approximately 4,000 of an estimated total of 15,000 published – including several in [Lowland Scots](/wiki/Lowland_Scots_Language "Lowland Scots Language") and [Gaelic](/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic "Scottish Gaelic").[\[14\]](#cite_note-:0-14) Records for most Scottish chapbooks have been catalogued online. Approximately 3,000 of these have been digitized and can be accessed from the Library's [Digital Gallery](https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104184103). A project is underway to add every chapbook in the collection to Wikisource at [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:WikiProject\_NLS](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:WikiProject_NLS).
- The [Glasgow University Library](/wiki/Glasgow_University_Library "Glasgow University Library")[\[18\]](#cite_note-18) has over 1,000 examples throughout the collections, searchable online via the Scottish Chapbooks Catalogue of c. 4,000 works, which covers the Lauriston Castle collection, Edinburgh City libraries and Stirling University. The University of South Carolina's G. Ross Roy Collection is collaborating in research for the Scottish Chapbook Project.
- The [Bodleian Library](/wiki/Bodleian_Library "Bodleian Library") of the University of Oxford[\[19\]](#cite_note-19) has over 30,000 ballads in several major collections. The original printed materials range from the 16th to the 20th century. The Broadside Ballads project makes the digitized copies of the sheets and ballads available.
- Sir [Frederick Madden](/wiki/Frederick_Madden "Frederick Madden")'s Collection of Broadside Ballads, at [Cambridge University Library](/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library "Cambridge University Library"),[\[20\]](#cite_note-20) is possibly the largest collection from London and provincial presses between 1775 and 1850, with earlier 18th-century garlands and Irish volumes.
- The [Lilly Library](/wiki/Lilly_Library "Lilly Library"), Indiana University[\[21\]](#cite_note-21) has 1,900 chapbooks from England, Scotland, Ireland, France, and the United States, which were part of the Elisabeth W. Ball collection. Online search facility
- [Rutgers University](/wiki/Rutgers_University "Rutgers University"), Special Collections and University Archives[\[22\]](#cite_note-22) houses the Harry Bischoff Weiss collection of 18th- and 19th-century chapbooks, illustrated with catchpenny prints.
- The [John Rylands University Library](/wiki/John_Rylands_University_Library "John Rylands University Library") at University of Manchester[\[23\]](#cite_note-23) contains 600 items in The Sharpe Collection of chapbooks, formed by [Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe](/wiki/Charles_Kirkpatrick_Sharpe "Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe"). These are 19th-century items printed in Scotland and Newcastle upon Tyne.
- Literatura de Cordel Brazilian Chapbook Collection Library of Congress, [American Folklife Center](/wiki/American_Folklife_Center "American Folklife Center")[\[24\]](#cite_note-24) has a collection of over 7200 works of [cordel literature](/wiki/Cordel_literature "Cordel literature"). Descended from the medieval troubadour and chapbook tradition of cordel literature has been published in Brazil for over a century.
- The Archival and Special Collections at the [University of Guelph Library](/wiki/University_of_Guelph_Library "University of Guelph Library")[\[25\]](#cite_note-25) has a collection of more than 550 chapbooks in its extensive Scottish holdings.
- The [National Art Library](/wiki/National_Art_Library "National Art Library"), Victoria & Albert Museum in London[\[26\]](#cite_note-26) has a collection of approximately 800 chapbooks, all catalogued.
- The [McGill University Library](/wiki/McGill_University_Library "McGill University Library")[\[27\]](#cite_note-27) has over 900 British and American chapbooks published in the 18th and 19th centuries. The chapbooks have been digitized and can be read online.
- The Grupo de investigación sobre relaciones de sucesos (siglos XVI–XVIII) en la Península Ibérica, [Universidade da Coruña](/wiki/Universidade_da_Coru%C3%B1a "Universidade da Coruña")[\[28\]](#cite_note-28) Catalog and Digital Library of "Relaciones de sucesos" (16th–18th centuries). Bibliographical database of more than 5,000 chap-books, pamphlets, Early modern press news, etc. Facsimilar reproduction of many of the copies: [Catálogo y Biblioteca Digital de Relaciones de Sucesos (siglos XVI–XVIII)](https://web.archive.org/web/20110921192809/http://rosalia.dc.fi.udc.es/RelacionesSucesosBusqueda/)
- The [Ball State University](/wiki/Ball_State_University "Ball State University") Digital Media Repository Chapbooks collection[\[29\]](#cite_note-29) provides online access to 173 chapbooks from the 19th and 20th centuries.
- The Elizabeth Nesbitt Room, [University of Pittsburgh](/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh "University of Pittsburgh")[\[30\]](#cite_note-30)
- [Cambridge Digital Library](/wiki/Cambridge_Digital_Library "Cambridge Digital Library")[\[31\]](#cite_note-31) hosts a growing number of digital facsimiles of Spanish chapbooks from the collections of Cambridge University Library and the [British Library](/wiki/British_Library "British Library").
- The [Biblioteca Nacional de España](/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a "Biblioteca Nacional de España") has a digitized collection of chapbooks.[\[32\]](#cite_note-32)
- The project [_Untangling the cordel_](https://desenrollandoelcordel.unige.ch/inicio.html) offers a collection of almost 1000 _pliegos de cordel_, the Spanish equivalent of English chapbooks, kept at the University Library of the University of Geneva.[\[33\]](#cite_note-33)
- _[Mapping Pliegos](http://biblioteca.cchs.csic.es/MappingPliegos/)_ is a portal dedicated to 19th-century Spanish chapbook literature. It brings together the digitized collections of over a dozen partner libraries.

## See also

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: See also")\]

- [![icon](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg)](/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg)[Novels portal](/wiki/Portal:Novels "Portal:Novels")

- [Gothic Blue Books](/wiki/Gothic_Blue_Books "Gothic Blue Books")
- [Penny dreadful](/wiki/Penny_dreadful "Penny dreadful")
- [Špalíček (ballet)](/wiki/%C5%A0pal%C3%AD%C4%8Dek_(ballet) "Špalíček (ballet)")
- [Zine](/wiki/Zine "Zine")

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: References")\]

### Citations

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Citations")\]

01. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**[Spufford, Margaret](/wiki/Margaret_Spufford "Margaret Spufford") (1984). _The Great Reclothing of Rural England_. London: Hambledon. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-907-62847-8](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907-62847-8 "Special:BookSources/0-907-62847-8").
02. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**Leitch, R. (1990). "'Here Chapman Billies Take Their Stand': A Pilot Study of Scottish Chapmen, Packmen and Pedlars". _Proceedings of the Scottish Society of Antiquarians 120_: 173–188.
03. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**_Oxford English Dictionary_, s.vv. _chap-book, n._ and _chapman, n._.
04. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011121_4-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011121_4-1)[Lyons 2011](#CITEREFLyons2011), p. 121.
05. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011158_5-0)**[Lyons 2011](#CITEREFLyons2011), p. 158.
06. **[^](#cite_ref-6)**Spufford, Margaret (1985). _Small books and pleasant histories: popular fiction and its readership in seventeenth-century England_. Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-521-31218-9](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31218-9 "Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31218-9").
07. **[^](#cite_ref-7)**Spufford, Margaret (1985). _Small books and pleasant histories: popular fiction and its readership in seventeenth-century England_. Cambridge University Press. pp. 48–49. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-521-31218-9](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31218-9 "Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31218-9").
08. **[^](#cite_ref-8)**["Scottish Chapbooks"](http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/chapbooks/search/). University of Glasgow. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
09. **[^](#cite_ref-9)**["Chapbooks"](https://www.nls.uk/collections/rare-books/collections/chapbooks). National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
10. **[^](#cite_ref-10)**["The Working Papers of Iona and Peter Opie" Julia C. Bishop](http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/28ii/05_28.2.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191106071616/http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/28ii/05_28.2.pdf) 2019-11-06 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), [http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us](http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191106071616/http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/28ii/05_28.2.pdf) 2019-11-06 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), February 28, 2013
11. **[^](#cite_ref-11)**["The lives and legacies of Iona and Peter Opie"](http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/115332/1/The%20Lives%20and%20Legacies%20of%20Iona%20and%20Peter%20Opie%20FINAL.pdf), [http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk](http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk)
12. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011121–122_12-0)**[Lyons 2011](#CITEREFLyons2011), pp. 121–122.
13. **[^](#cite_ref-13)**See the "Introduction" _in_ Simons, John (1998) _Guy of Warwick and other Chapbook Romances_ University of Exeter Press, Exeter, England, [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-85989-445-2](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85989-445-2 "Special:BookSources/0-85989-445-2"), for issues of definition.
14. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-:0_14-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-:0_14-1)Hagan, Anette (August 2019). ["Chapbooks: the poor person's reading material"](https://blog.europeana.eu/2019/08/chapbooks-the-poor-persons-reading-material/). _[Europeana](/wiki/Europeana "Europeana")_. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
15. **[^](#cite_ref-15)**Hoeveler, D. L. (2010). ["Gothic Chapbooks and the Urban Reader"](https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1130&context=english_fac). _Wordsworth Circle_. **41** (3): 155–158. [doi](/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)"): [10.1086/TWC24043706](https://doi.org/10.1086%2FTWC24043706). [S2CID](/wiki/S2CID_(identifier) "S2CID (identifier)") [53571972](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53571972).
16. **[^](#cite_ref-16)**["NYC/CUNY Chapbook Festival"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170917155034/http://chapbookfestival.org/). City University of New York. Archived from [the original](http://chapbookfestival.org) on 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
17. **[^](#cite_ref-17)**["Chapbooks"](https://www.nls.uk/collections/rarebooks/collections/chapbooks). National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
18. **[^](#cite_ref-18)**["Introduction to our Collections"](https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/specialcollections/introductiontoourcollections/). University of Glasgow. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
19. **[^](#cite_ref-19)**["Bodleian Library Broadside Ballads"](https://web.archive.org/web/20040404051546/http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/ballads/ballads.htm). Archived from [the original](http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/ballads/ballads.htm) on 2004-04-04. Retrieved 2006-01-07.
20. **[^](#cite_ref-20)**["Publisher's Introduction: Madden Ballads From Cambridge University Library"](http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Introductions/30330FM.htm). Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
21. **[^](#cite_ref-21)**["Chapbook Collection Guide: Special databases: The Collections: The Lilly Library"](http://www.indiana.edu/~liblilly/chapbook.shtml). Bloomington: Indiana University. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
22. **[^](#cite_ref-22)**["Special Collections and University Archives"](https://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/rul/libs/scua/scua.shtml). Rutgers University. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
23. **[^](#cite_ref-23)**["Sharpe Chapbook Collection"](https://web.archive.org/web/19991007083550/http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data2/spcoll/sharpe/). University of Manchester. Archived from [the original](http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data2/spcoll/sharpe/) on 7 October 1999. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
24. **[^](#cite_ref-24)**["2005 Junior Fellows Program Projects (Junior Fellows Program, Library of Congress)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20060113080859/http://www.loc.gov/rr/jrfell/2005-proj.html). _[Library of Congress](/wiki/Library_of_Congress "Library of Congress")_. 13 January 2006. Archived from [the original](http://www.loc.gov/rr/jrfell/2005-proj.html) on 2006-01-13. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
25. **[^](#cite_ref-25)**["Scottish chapbook collection"](https://web.archive.org/web/20051231070112/http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca/resources/archives/Scottish/chapbooks.htm). University of Guelph Library. 31 December 2005. Archived from [the original](http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca/resources/archives/Scottish/chapbooks.htm) on 2005-12-31. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
26. **[^](#cite_ref-26)**["Search Victoria and Albert Museum"](https://nal-vam.on.worldcat.org/discovery). National Art Library. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
27. **[^](#cite_ref-27)**["Chapbook Collection"](http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/chapbooks/index.php). McGill Library.
28. **[^](#cite_ref-28)**["Relaciones de Sucesos"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100918043533/http://rosalia.dc.fi.udc.es/relaciones/index.html) (in Spanish). 18 September 2010. Archived from [the original](http://rosalia.dc.fi.udc.es/relaciones/index.html) on 2010-09-18. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
29. **[^](#cite_ref-29)**["CONTENTdm"](https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/collection/chapbks). Ball State University. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
30. **[^](#cite_ref-30)**["The Elizabeth Nesbitt Room: A Goodly Heritage"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110927023910/http://www.library.pitt.edu/libraries/is/enroom/index.html). University of Pittsburgh. 27 September 2011. Archived from [the original](http://www.library.pitt.edu/libraries/is/enroom/index.html) on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
31. **[^](#cite_ref-31)**["Spanish Chapbooks"](http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/spanishchapbooks). Cambridge Digital Library. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
32. **[^](#cite_ref-32)**["Search results"](http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/Search.do?destacadas1=Pliegos+sueltos&home=true&languageView=en) (in Spanish). Biblioteca Digital Hispánica. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
33. **[^](#cite_ref-33)**Carta, Constance; Leblanc, Elina (May 2021). ["Le projet « Démêler le cordel » : une bibliothèque numérique pour l'étude de la littérature éphémère espagnole du XIX e siècle"](https://hal.science/hal-03526522). _Archive ouverte HAL_ (in French). Retrieved 24 February 2024.

### Works cited

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Works cited")\]

- The Department of Rare Books and Special Collections. ["The Scottish Chapbook Project"](http://www.sc.edu/library/spcoll/britlit/cbooks/cbook.html). University of South Carolina.
- [Furnivall, F. J.](/wiki/F._J._Furnivall "F. J. Furnivall"), ed. (1871). [_Captain Cox, His Ballads and Books_](https://archive.org/details/captaincoxhisba01lanegoog).
- Lyons, Martyn (2011). _Books: a living history_. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-606-06083-4](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-606-06083-4 "Special:BookSources/978-1-606-06083-4").
- [Neuburg, Victor E.](/wiki/Victor_E._Neuburg "Victor E. Neuburg") (1972). _Chapbooks: A guide to reference material on English, Scottish and American chapbook literature of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries_ (2nd ed.). London: Woburn.
- [Neuburg, Victor E.](/wiki/Victor_E._Neuburg "Victor E. Neuburg") (1968). _The penny histories: a study of chapbooks for young readers over two centuries_(illustrated with facsimiles of seven chapbooks). London: Oxford University Press.
- [Neuburg, Victor E.](/wiki/Victor_E._Neuburg "Victor E. Neuburg") (1964). _Chapbooks: a bibliography of references to English and American chapbook literature of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries_. London: Vine.
- [Neuburg, Victor E.](/wiki/Victor_E._Neuburg "Victor E. Neuburg") (1952). _A select handlist of references to chapbook literature of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries_. Edinburgh: J. A. Birkbeck.
- [Spufford, Margaret](/wiki/Margaret_Spufford "Margaret Spufford") (1981). _Small Books and Pleasant Histories: Popular Fiction and its Readership in seventeenth Century England_. Methuen.
- Weiss, Harry B. (1969). [_A book about chapbooks_](https://archive.org/details/bookaboutchapboo0000weis). Hatboro: Folklore Associates.
- Weiss, Harry B. (1936). _A catalogue of chapbooks in the New York Public Library_. New York Public Library.

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