Baroque music - Wikipedia
Baroque concerts were typically accompanied by a basso continuo group (comprising chord-playing instrumentalists such as harpsichordists and lute players ...
Paul Henry Lang
The systematic application by historians of the term "baroque" to music of this period is a relatively recent development. In 1919, Curt Sachs became the first to apply the five characteristics of Heinrich Wölfflin's theory of the Baroque systematically to music.[8] Critics were quick to question the attempt to transpose Wölfflin's categories to music, however, and in the second quarter of the 20th century independent attempts were made by Manfred Bukofzer (in Germany and, after his immigration, in America) and by Suzanne Clercx-Lejeune (in Belgium) to use autonomous, technical analysis rather than comparative abstractions, in order to avoid the adaptation of theories based on the plastic arts and literature to music. All of these efforts resulted in appreciable disagreement about time boundaries of the period, especially concerning when it began. In English the term acquired currency only in the 1940s, in the writings of Bukofzer and <anchor>Paul Henry Lang</anchor>.[1]
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# Paul Henry Lang

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hungarian-American musicologist

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Paul Henry Lang

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**Paul Henry Lang** (August 28, 1901 – September 21, 1991) was a [Hungarian](/wiki/Hungary "Hungary")- [American](/wiki/United_States "United States") [musicologist](/wiki/Musicologist "Musicologist") and [music critic](/wiki/Music_critic "Music critic").[\[1\]](#cite_note-1)

## Career

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Paul_Henry_Lang&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Career")\]

Lang was born as "Pál Láng" in [Budapest](/wiki/Budapest "Budapest"), [Hungary](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary "Kingdom of Hungary"), and was educated in Catholic schools. In 1918, as World War I was coming to an end, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army though he had not completed school, and sent to the Italian front.[\[2\]](#cite_note-2) When the war ended, he had to make his own way home, and then studied at the University of Budapest and the [Budapest Music Academy](/wiki/Budapest_Music_Academy "Budapest Music Academy"), under [Zoltán Kodály](/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly "Zoltán Kodály") and Erno Dohnanyi, among others. Kodály, learning that he only played piano, assigned him to learn to play the bassoon. After graduating in 1922, he was an assistant conductor at the Budapest Opera, but was encouraged to study musicology by Kodály and [Béla Bartók](/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k "Béla Bartók"). At that time serious study in musicology was only available in France and Germany. He began at the [University of Heidelberg](/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg "University of Heidelberg") where he attended classes in philosophy and literature as well. He was not happy in Germany and moved on to the [Sorbonne](/wiki/University_of_Paris "University of Paris") in Paris, where he studied with Andre Pirro. In the [1924 Summer Olympics](/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics "1924 Summer Olympics") Lang participated as part of the French National rowing team. He supported himself by playing bassoon in various orchestras and also conducted an emigrant Hungarian chorus. While a student in Paris he began his career as a music critic, writing for the _[Revue Musicale](/w/index.php?title=Revue_Musicale&action=edit&redlink=1 "Revue Musicale (page does not exist)")_. He completed his dissertation on French lute music, but was not awarded his doctoral degree because he could not afford the large sum needed to engrave the unpublished scores he was discussing and print the dissertation, as required by the university.[\[3\]](#cite_note-3)

In 1928, knowing no English,[\[4\]](#cite_note-4) Lang moved to the United States as a junior scholar of the [Rockefeller Foundation](/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation "Rockefeller Foundation"). He took a few English classes and then picked up more from motion pictures. He taught music, including harmony and counterpoint, for a year at [Vassar College](/wiki/Vassar_College "Vassar College") (1930–31), filling in for a professor on sabbatical. Then at [Wells College](/wiki/Wells_College "Wells College") (1932–34), he taught music history and analysis and led the chapel choir. At the same time he worked on a dissertation on the literary history of French opera, earning a [doctorate degree](/wiki/Doctorate_degree "Doctorate degree") from [Cornell University](/wiki/Cornell_University "Cornell University") in 1934.

Having by now published a few articles in English, he was invited to teach at both Wellesley College and Columbia. For one year he taught at both colleges. Lang joined the music faculty of Columbia University in 1934 with the first professorship of musicology in America,[\[5\]](#cite_note-5) and quickly began changing the way music was taught there by adding courses, such as the esthetics of music, and by expanding the musicology department. In 1940, after Bartók fled Hungary during [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II "World War II"), Lang arranged for Columbia to hire him as an ethnomusicologist. As musicology was a nascent field at the time, Lang had a strong influence on its development, especially in the United States, and advised a number of students who would go on to become prominent musicologists, including [James McKinnon](/wiki/James_McKinnon "James McKinnon"), [Dika Newlin](/wiki/Dika_Newlin "Dika Newlin"), [Joel Sachs](/w/index.php?title=Joel_Sachs&action=edit&redlink=1 "Joel Sachs (page does not exist)"), [Rose Rosengard Subotnik](/wiki/Rose_Rosengard_Subotnik "Rose Rosengard Subotnik"), [Richard Taruskin](/wiki/Richard_Taruskin "Richard Taruskin"), [Piero Weiss](/wiki/Piero_Weiss "Piero Weiss"), and [Neal Zaslaw](/wiki/Neal_Zaslaw "Neal Zaslaw").

Lang became best known for his often provocative articles and books on both contemporary trends in music and music history. He was from 1954 to 1964 the [chief music critic](/wiki/List_of_chief_music_critics "List of chief music critics") for the _[New York Herald Tribune](/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune "New York Herald Tribune")_, succeeding [Virgil Thomson](/wiki/Virgil_Thomson "Virgil Thomson"), and was editor of _[The Musical Quarterly](/wiki/The_Musical_Quarterly "The Musical Quarterly")_ from 1945 to 1973. He published a number of books, the most famous of which is _[Music in Western Civilization](/w/index.php?title=Music_in_Western_Civilization&action=edit&redlink=1 "Music in Western Civilization (page does not exist)")_ (1941), called "\[a\] model of scholarship and style"[\[6\]](#cite_note-6) by [Will Durant](/wiki/Will_Durant "Will Durant"). He was an adviser to his publisher, W.W. Norton, and edited several books for them. He was a founding member of the American Musicological Society and in 1955 was elected for a term as president of the International Musicological Society.

In addition to his most famous work, _[Music in Western Civilization](/w/index.php?title=Music_in_Western_Civilization&action=edit&redlink=1 "Music in Western Civilization (page does not exist)")_, Lang wrote _George Frideric Handel_, collaborated with Otto Bettmann on _A Pictorial History of Music_, and edited several compilations, including _The Creative World of Mozart_ and _One Hundred Years of Music in America_.

In 1936 he married Anne Pecheux, a Barnard graduate who had taken his undergraduate music history course. They had four children.

Among Lang's pupils were [Mary Ann Feldman](/wiki/Mary_Ann_Feldman "Mary Ann Feldman")[\[7\]](#cite_note-Feldmanobit-7) and [Walter H. Rubsamen](/wiki/Walter_H._Rubsamen "Walter H. Rubsamen").

He died in Lakeville, Connecticut, aged 90.

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Paul_Henry_Lang&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: References")\]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**Obituary, _The Times_, 8 October 1991, p. 18.
2. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**As told by PHL to family
3. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**PHL oral history, 1981, at Columbia University Center for Oral History
4. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**Letter from Paul Henry Lang's wife, Anne Pecheux Lang, in letter to the _New York Review of Books_, [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2006/mar/23/paul-henry-lang/](http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2006/mar/23/paul-henry-lang/). Retrieved July 12, 2011.
5. **[^](#cite_ref-5)**Anne Pecheux Lang letter,
6. **[^](#cite_ref-6)**Durant, Will (1950). _The Age of Faith_. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 1094.
7. **[^](#cite_ref-Feldmanobit_7-0)**["Mary Ann Feldman, longtime MN Orchestra program annotator and speaker, dies at 85"](https://www.minnpost.com/arts-culture/2019/02/mary-ann-feldman-longtime-mn-orchestra-program-annotator-and-speaker-dies-at-85/). _MinnPost_. Feb 19, 2019. Retrieved Mar 30, 2019.

## Bibliography

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Paul_Henry_Lang&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Bibliography")\]

- Kozinn, Allan (September 24, 1991). ["Paul Lang, Musicologist and Critic, Is Dead at 90"](https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE2D7163DF937A1575AC0A967958260). _The New York Times_. Retrieved May 22, 2010.

## Further reading

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Paul_Henry_Lang&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Further reading")\]

- Berk, Ellyn (1978). _An Analysis and Comparison of the Aesthetics and Philosophy of Selected Music Critics in New York: 1940–1975_ (PHD). [New York University](/wiki/New_York_University "New York University"). [OCLC](/wiki/OCLC_(identifier) "OCLC (identifier)") [53779819](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53779819).

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  - [William Zakariasen](/wiki/William_Zakariasen "William Zakariasen") (1976–1993)
- _[New York Post](/wiki/New_York_Post "New York Post")_
  - [Henry T Finck](/wiki/Henry_Theophilus_Finck "Henry Theophilus Finck") (1881–1924)
  - [Olga Samaroff](/wiki/Olga_Samaroff "Olga Samaroff") (1926–1928)
- _[San Francisco Examiner](/wiki/San_Francisco_Examiner "San Francisco Examiner")_
  - [Michael Walsh](/wiki/Michael_Walsh_(author) "Michael Walsh (author)") (1977–1981)
- _[Saturday Review](/wiki/Saturday_Review_(London_newspaper) "Saturday Review (London newspaper)")_
  - [William Barclay Squire](/wiki/William_Barclay_Squire "William Barclay Squire") (1888–1894)
- _[The Scotsman](/wiki/The_Scotsman "The Scotsman")_
  - [Mary Miller](/wiki/Mary_Miller_(artistic_director) "Mary Miller (artistic director)") (1992–1998)
- _[Sunday Express](/wiki/Daily_Express#Sunday_Express "Daily Express")_
  - [Ralph Hill](/wiki/Ralph_Hill_(music_critic) "Ralph Hill (music critic)") (1940s)
- _[The Sunday Telegraph](/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph "The Sunday Telegraph")_
  - [John Warrack](/wiki/John_Warrack "John Warrack") (1961–1972)
  - [Michael Kennedy](/wiki/Michael_Kennedy_(music_critic) "Michael Kennedy (music critic)") (1989–2005)
- _[The Sydney Morning Herald](/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald "The Sydney Morning Herald")_
  - [Roger Covell](/wiki/Roger_Covell "Roger Covell") (1960 – late 1990s)

Position abolished

_[Birmingham Post](/wiki/Birmingham_Post "Birmingham Post")_

- [Stephen Stratton](/wiki/Stephen_Samuel_Stratton "Stephen Samuel Stratton") (1877–1906)
- [Ernest Newman](/wiki/Ernest_Newman "Ernest Newman") (1906–1919)
- [Eric Blom](/wiki/Eric_Blom "Eric Blom") (1931–1946)

_[Daily Express](/wiki/Daily_Express "Daily Express")_

- [Francis Toye](/wiki/Francis_Toye "Francis Toye") (1922–1925)
- [Arthur Jacobs](/wiki/Arthur_Jacobs "Arthur Jacobs") (1947–1952)
- [Noël Goodwin](/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Goodwin "Noël Goodwin") (1965–1978)

_[Daily Mail](/wiki/Daily_Mail "Daily Mail")_

- [Richard Capell](/wiki/Richard_Capell "Richard Capell") (1911–1933)
- [Edwin Evans](/wiki/Edwin_Evans_(music_critic) "Edwin Evans (music critic)") (1933–1945)
- [Ralph Hill](/wiki/Ralph_Hill_(music_critic) "Ralph Hill (music critic)") (1945–1948)

_[New Statesman](/wiki/New_Statesman "New Statesman")_

- [W. J. Turner](/wiki/Walter_J._Turner "Walter J. Turner") (1915–1940)
- [Desmond Shawe-Taylor](/wiki/Desmond_Shawe-Taylor_(music_critic) "Desmond Shawe-Taylor (music critic)") (1945–1958)
- [David Drew](/wiki/David_Drew_(music_critic) "David Drew (music critic)") (1959–1967)

_[San Francisco Chronicle](/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle "San Francisco Chronicle")_

- [Alfred Frankenstein](/wiki/Alfred_Frankenstein "Alfred Frankenstein") (1934–1964)
- [Robert Commanday](/wiki/Robert_Commanday "Robert Commanday") (1964–1993)
- [Joshua Kosman](/wiki/Joshua_Kosman "Joshua Kosman") (1993–2024)

_[The Sunday Times](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times "The Sunday Times")_

- [Joseph Bennett](/wiki/Joseph_Bennett_(critic) "Joseph Bennett (critic)") (1865–1870)
- [Hermann Klein](/wiki/Herman_Klein "Herman Klein") (1881–1901)
- [Ernest Newman](/wiki/Ernest_Newman "Ernest Newman") (1920–1959)
- [Desmond Shawe-Taylor](/wiki/Desmond_Shawe-Taylor_(music_critic) "Desmond Shawe-Taylor (music critic)") (1958–1983)
- [David Cairns](/wiki/David_Cairns_(writer) "David Cairns (writer)") (1983–1992)

Discontinued

_[The Morning Chronicle](/wiki/The_Morning_Chronicle "The Morning Chronicle")_

- [William Ayrton](/wiki/William_Ayrton_(music_critic) "William Ayrton (music critic)") (1816–1826)
- [George Hogarth](/wiki/George_Hogarth "George Hogarth") (1834–1844)
- [Charles Lewis Gruneisen](/wiki/Charles_Lewis_Gruneisen "Charles Lewis Gruneisen") (1845–1853)

_[The Morning Post](/wiki/The_Morning_Post "The Morning Post")_

- [Howard Glover](/wiki/William_Howard_Glover "William Howard Glover") (1849–1865)
- [Henry Sutherland Edwards](/wiki/Henry_Sutherland_Edwards "Henry Sutherland Edwards")
- [Arthur Hervey](/wiki/Arthur_Hervey "Arthur Hervey") (1892–1908)
- [Francis Toye](/wiki/Francis_Toye "Francis Toye") (1925–1937)

_[Neue Freie Presse](/wiki/Neue_Freie_Presse "Neue Freie Presse")_

- [Eduard Hanslick](/wiki/Eduard_Hanslick "Eduard Hanslick") (1864–1904)
- [Julius Korngold](/wiki/Julius_Korngold "Julius Korngold") (1904–1934)

_[New York Herald Tribune](/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune "New York Herald Tribune")_

- [Henry E Krehbiel](/wiki/Henry_Edward_Krehbiel "Henry Edward Krehbiel") (c. 1880–1923)
- [Lawrence Gilman](/wiki/Lawrence_Gilman "Lawrence Gilman") (1923-late 1930s)
- [Virgil Thomson](/wiki/Virgil_Thomson "Virgil Thomson") (1940–1954)
- Paul Lang (1954–1963)
- [Alan Rich](/wiki/Alan_Rich "Alan Rich") (1963–1968)

[Portals](/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"):

- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/21px-Audio_a.svg.png)[Classical music](/wiki/Portal:Classical_music "Portal:Classical music")
- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png)[Biography](/wiki/Portal:Biography "Portal:Biography")
- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/7px-GClef.svg.png)[Music](/wiki/Portal:Music "Portal:Music")

[Authority control databases](/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control")[![Edit this at Wikidata](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322381#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata")

International

- [ISNI](https://isni.org/isni/0000000114549000)
- [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/109198123)
- [FAST](http://id.worldcat.org/fast/13236/)
- [WorldCat](https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJktpYcHjyhM8cGThKcwYP)

National

- [Germany](https://d-nb.info/gnd/101376839)
- [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50038742)
- [France](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12766140v)
- [BnF data](https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12766140v)
- [Japan](https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00446821)
- [Australia](https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35290549)
- [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20070918007&CON_LNG=ENG)
- [Spain](http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX993480)
- [Portugal](http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1635267)
- [Netherlands](http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068449291)
- [Norway](https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90131506)
- [Latvia](https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000002871&P_CON_LNG=ENG)
- [Greece](https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record214825)
- [Sweden](https://libris.kb.se/31fhj9vm0hwbf5p)
- [Poland](https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810573968705606)
- [Vatican](https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/106349)
- [Israel](http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007309297705171)
- [Catalonia](https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058615170506706)
- [Belgium](https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14028062)

Academics

- [CiNii](https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01712674?l=en)

People

- [BMLO](https://bmlo.de/l0920)
- [Trove](https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/195412)
- [Deutsche Biographie](https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd101376839.html?language=en)

Other

- [IdRef](https://www.idref.fr/069822018)
- [SNAC](https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6kd1wvk)

Retrieved from " [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul\_Henry\_Lang&oldid=1177613862](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Henry_Lang&oldid=1177613862)"

[Categories](/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):

- [1901 births](/wiki/Category:1901_births "Category:1901 births")
- [1991 deaths](/wiki/Category:1991_deaths "Category:1991 deaths")
- [20th-century American non-fiction writers](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_non-fiction_writers "Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers")
- [20th-century American musicologists](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_musicologists "Category:20th-century American musicologists")
- [American music critics](/wiki/Category:American_music_critics "Category:American music critics")
- [Columbia University faculty](/wiki/Category:Columbia_University_faculty "Category:Columbia University faculty")
- [Cornell University alumni](/wiki/Category:Cornell_University_alumni "Category:Cornell University alumni")
- [Handel scholars](/wiki/Category:Handel_scholars "Category:Handel scholars")
- [Hungarian emigrants to the United States](/wiki/Category:Hungarian_emigrants_to_the_United_States "Category:Hungarian emigrants to the United States")
- [Hungarian musicologists](/wiki/Category:Hungarian_musicologists "Category:Hungarian musicologists")
- [International Musicological Society presidents](/wiki/Category:International_Musicological_Society_presidents "Category:International Musicological Society presidents")
- [People from Lakeville, Connecticut](/wiki/Category:People_from_Lakeville,_Connecticut "Category:People from Lakeville, Connecticut")
- [Vassar College faculty](/wiki/Category:Vassar_College_faculty "Category:Vassar College faculty")
- [Wells College faculty](/wiki/Category:Wells_College_faculty "Category:Wells College faculty")
- [Writers from Budapest](/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Budapest "Category:Writers from Budapest")

Hidden categories:

- [Articles with short description](/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description "Category:Articles with short description")
- [Short description matches Wikidata](/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata "Category:Short description matches Wikidata")
- [Articles needing additional references from January 2017](/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2017 "Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2017")
- [All articles needing additional references](/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references "Category:All articles needing additional references")
- [Articles using infobox templates with no data rows](/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_templates_with_no_data_rows "Category:Articles using infobox templates with no data rows")
- [Articles with hCards](/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards "Category:Articles with hCards")

- This page was last edited on 28 September 2023, at 13:35 (UTC).
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