Baroque music - Wikipedia
Baroque concerts were typically accompanied by a basso continuo group (comprising chord-playing instrumentalists such as harpsichordists and lute players ...
trio sonatas
Arcangelo Corelli is remembered as influential for his achievements on the other side of musical technique—as a violinist who organized violin technique and pedagogy—and in purely instrumental music, particularly his advocacy and development of the concerto grosso.[28] Whereas Lully was ensconced at court, Corelli was one of the first composers to publish widely and have his music performed all over Europe. As with Lully's stylization and organization of the opera, the concerto grosso is built on strong contrasts—sections alternate between those played by the full orchestra, and those played by a smaller group. Fast sections and slow sections were juxtaposed against each other. Numbered among his students is Antonio Vivaldi, who later composed hundreds of works based on the principles in Corelli's <anchor>trio sonatas</anchor> and concerti.[28]
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## Contents

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- [1Basic structure](#Basic_structure)
- [2Composers, compositions and variant formats](#Composers,_compositions_and_variant_formats)Toggle Composers, compositions and variant formats subsection  - [2.1Arcangelo Corelli](#Arcangelo_Corelli)
  - [2.2Johann Sebastian Bach](#Johann_Sebastian_Bach)
  - [2.3Other composers](#Other_composers)
- [3References](#References)
- [4Sources](#Sources)
- [5Further reading](#Further_reading)

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# Trio sonata

19 languages

- [Alemannisch](https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triosonate "Triosonate – Alemannic")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_en_trio "Sonata en trio – Catalan")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triosonate "Triosonate – German")
- [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1 "Τριο-σονάτα – Greek")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_a_tr%C3%ADo "Sonata a trío – Spanish")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triosonato "Triosonato – Esperanto")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonate_en_trio "Sonate en trio – French")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4_%EC%86%8C%EB%82%98%ED%83%80 "트리오 소나타 – Korean")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_in_trio "Sonata in trio – Italian")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98%D7%94 "טריו סונאטה – Hebrew")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%C3%B3szon%C3%A1ta "Triószonáta – Hungarian")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triosonate "Triosonate – Dutch")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%8A%E3%82%BF "トリオ・ソナタ – Japanese")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triosonate "Triosonate – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triosonate "Triosonate – Norwegian Nynorsk")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_em_trio "Sonata em trio – Portuguese")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonat%C4%83_trio "Sonată trio – Romanian")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0 "Трио-соната – Russian")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trio_sonata "Trio sonata – Simple English")

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Musical genre popular in the Baroque era

The **trio sonata** is a genre, typically consisting of several movements,[\[1\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonta_and_Zohn2003-1) with two melody instruments and [basso continuo](/wiki/Basso_continuo "Basso continuo"). It originated in the early 17th century and was a favorite [chamber ensemble](/wiki/Chamber_ensemble "Chamber ensemble") combination in the [Baroque era](/wiki/Baroque_music "Baroque music").[\[2\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangsen2001-2)

## Basic structure

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Trio_sonata&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Basic structure")\]

The trio sonata typically was written for two melody instruments (such as two violins) and [basso continuo](/wiki/Basso_continuo "Basso continuo").[\[3\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Boer2012466-3) However, either or both of the melody parts could be played on the flute, recorder, oboe, or even [viola da gamba](/wiki/Viol "Viol").[\[4\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVettern.d.-4) The bass part, the continuo, typically involves two players.[\[4\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVettern.d.-4) One player plays the bass line on a bass instrument such as a [bass viol](/wiki/Bass_viol "Bass viol"), [violone](/wiki/Violone "Violone"), [violoncello](/wiki/Violoncello "Violoncello"), or [bassoon](/wiki/Bassoon "Bassoon").[\[4\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVettern.d.-4) The second player fills in harmonies above the bass line, using an instrument that can produce [chords](/wiki/Chord_(music) "Chord (music)"), such as a small [organ](/wiki/Organ_(music) "Organ (music)"), a [harpsichord](/wiki/Harpsichord "Harpsichord"), or a [theorbo](/wiki/Theorbo "Theorbo").[\[4\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVettern.d.-4) These chords are normally indicated to the player by placing numbers above the bass part rather than writing out the chords in full, a style of notation called [figured bass](/wiki/Figured_bass "Figured bass").

Because there normally are two people playing the continuo part, there are usually four players in all.[\[1\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonta_and_Zohn2003-1) This accounts for the title of [Henry Purcell](/wiki/Henry_Purcell "Henry Purcell")'s second collection, _Ten Sonatas in Four Parts_ (1697); his first publication _Sonnata's of III Parts_ (1683) likewise included separate parts for cello and keyboard.[\[5\]](#cite_note-5) From about the middle of the 17th century two distinct types of sonatas appeared: [sonata da camera](/wiki/Sonata_da_camera "Sonata da camera") (chamber sonata) and [sonata da chiesa](/wiki/Sonata_da_chiesa "Sonata da chiesa") (church sonata).[\[1\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonta_and_Zohn2003-1) The sonata da camera was a suite of dances, while the sonata da chiesa had a typical four-movement structure of slow-fast-slow-fast.

## Composers, compositions and variant formats

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Trio_sonata&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Composers, compositions and variant formats")\]

The genre originated as instrumental adaptation of the three-part texture common in Italian vocal music in the late 16th century. The earliest published trio sonatas appeared in Venice ( [Salamone Rossi](/wiki/Salamone_Rossi "Salamone Rossi") _Il primo libro delle sinfonie e gagliarde_, 1607) and in Milan ( [Giovanni Paolo Cima](/wiki/Giovanni_Paolo_Cima "Giovanni Paolo Cima"), Sonata a tre for violin, cornett and continuo in the collection _Concerti ecclesiastici_, 1610).[\[1\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonta_and_Zohn2003-1)

### Arcangelo Corelli

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Trio_sonata&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Arcangelo Corelli")\]

Italian composer [Arcangelo Corelli](/wiki/Arcangelo_Corelli "Arcangelo Corelli") was one of the most influential composers of the trio sonata. The published trio sonatas by Corelli are:[\[6\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeas19536-6)

- Twelve Trio-Sonatas, Op. 1 (dedicated to [Queen Christina of Sweden](/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden "Christina, Queen of Sweden")) published in Rome in 1681
- Twelve Chamber Sonatas, Op. 2 (dedicated to Cardinal Panfili), published in Rome in 1685
- Twelve Trio-Sonatas, Op. 3 (dedicated to [Francesco II d'Este, Duke of Modena](/wiki/Francesco_II_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Modena "Francesco II d'Este, Duke of Modena")), published in Rome in 1689
- Twelve Trio-Sonatas, Op. 4 (dedicated to [Cardinal Ottoboni](/wiki/Pietro_Ottoboni_(cardinal) "Pietro Ottoboni (cardinal)")), published in Rome in 1694.

An additional collection of Trio Sonatas, for two violins, cello, and organ, was published as "Op. post." in Amsterdam, in 1714.[\[7\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot2001b-7) Corelli's trios would serve as models for other composers well into the 18th century.[\[8\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMattheson1739345:_§8-8)

### Johann Sebastian Bach

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Trio_sonata&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Johann Sebastian Bach")\]

German composer [Johann Sebastian Bach](/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach "Johann Sebastian Bach") is another notable composer of the trio sonata, but he was known for shying away from the traditional structure of the sonata. He typically played the three parts with fewer than three instruments. One part could be played by a violin and the other two parts could be played by a keyboard, or all three parts could be played on the organ.[\[9\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritannica2007-9)

Trio sonatas by Bach include:

- [Trio Sonatas for organ, BWV 525–530](/wiki/Organ_Sonatas_(Bach) "Organ Sonatas (Bach)"), combining all three parts on one instrument: typically the right hand, left hand and pedals will each take a different part thus creating the same texture as in a trio.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]
- A further innovation by Bach was the trio sonata involving a concertante (obbligato) right-hand harpsichord part in addition to the bass line, plus one melodic instrument, thus for two players.[\[10\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreig1997-10) Examples are the [Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019](/wiki/Six_Sonatas_for_Violin_and_Harpsichord,_BWV_1014%E2%80%931019 "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019"), [three sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord, BWV 1027–1029](/wiki/Sonatas_for_viola_da_gamba_and_harpsichord_(Bach) "Sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord (Bach)"), and two sonatas for flute and harpsichord, [BWV 1030](/wiki/BWV_1030 "BWV 1030") and [1032](/wiki/BWV_1032 "BWV 1032"); [BWV 1020](/w/index.php?title=BWV_1020&action=edit&redlink=1 "BWV 1020 (page does not exist)"), [BWV 1031](/wiki/BWV_1031 "BWV 1031") and [BWV 1033](/wiki/BWV_1033 "BWV 1033") are doubtful.[\[11\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDürr_and_Kobayashi1998420–421_and_466-11)
- Trio Sonatas BWV 1036–1040: [BWV 1039](/wiki/Sonata_in_G_major_for_two_flutes_and_basso_continuo,_BWV_1039 "Sonata in G major for two flutes and basso continuo, BWV 1039") is a variant version of BWV 1027. The attribution of BWV 1036-1038 to Bach is doubtful, but all are typical of baroque chamber music.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]
- The mid-18th-century manuscript D-B Mus. ms. Bach _St 345_ contains a Concerto (or: Trio Sonata) in [C major](/wiki/C_major "C major") for violin, cello and continuo, arranged from (or: earlier version of) BWV 525/1, 1032/2 and 525/3 respectively.[\[12\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach_(et_al.?)1740–1760-12) The 1998 edition of the [Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis](/wiki/Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis "Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis") lists this version as [BWV 525a](/wiki/BWV_525a "BWV 525a"), and considers the attribution of the arrangement to Bach doubtful.[\[13\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDürr_and_Kobayashi1998[httpswwwbachmidiinfokbwv-a2htmlp0466_466]-13) Based on the [New Bach Edition](/wiki/New_Bach_Edition "New Bach Edition"), the [Bach Digital](/wiki/Bach_Digital "Bach Digital") website gives "BWV [deest](/wiki/Deest_(music) "Deest (music)")" instead of the BWV number 525a for this [chamber music](/wiki/Chamber_music "Chamber music") version.[\[14\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHofmann2006-14)

### Other composers

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Trio_sonata&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Other composers")\]

- [Tomaso Albinoni](/wiki/Tomaso_Albinoni "Tomaso Albinoni"), 12 sonatas da chiesa Op. 1, twelve balletti a tre Op. 3, six sonatas da camera as part of Op. 8, six unpublished trio sonatas Op. 11, and a further six trio sonatas without opus number in a manuscript in Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Musiksammlung.[\[15\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot2001a-15)
- [Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach](/wiki/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach "Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach") wrote at least 44 trio sonatas, including one for flute, viola, and piano, said to have been given its world premiere by the Society for Forgotten Music at the New York Public Library on 30 January 1949.[\[16\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.1949-16) His best-known work in the genre is the [programmatic](/wiki/Program_music "Program music") Trio ("Sanguineus und Melancholicus"), in C minor, composed in 1749 and published in Nuremberg in 1751, which exists in two versions: one for obbligato keyboard and violin, the other for two violins and continuo.[\[17\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolff_and_Leisinger2001-17) Trio Sonatas [BWV 1036](/w/index.php?title=BWV_1036&action=edit&redlink=1 "BWV 1036 (page does not exist)") \[ [scores](https://imslp.org/wiki/Trio_Sonata_in_D_minor,_H.569_(Bach,_Carl_Philipp_Emanuel) "scores:Trio Sonata in D minor, H.569 (Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel)")\] and [BWV 1038](/w/index.php?title=BWV_1038&action=edit&redlink=1 "BWV 1038 (page does not exist)") \[ [scores](https://imslp.org/wiki/Trio_Sonata_in_G_major,_BWV_1038_(Bach,_Johann_Sebastian) "scores:Trio Sonata in G major, BWV 1038 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)")\].
- [William Boyce](/wiki/William_Boyce_(composer) "William Boyce (composer)"), 12 Trio Sonatas for two violins and continuo (1747).[\[18\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyce1747-18)
- [Dieterich Buxtehude](/wiki/Dieterich_Buxtehude "Dieterich Buxtehude"), Op. 1, six sonatas, and Op. 2, seven sonatas, scored for violin, [viola da gamba](/wiki/Viola_da_gamba "Viola da gamba") and basso continuo. These were the only works by Buxtehude that were published during his lifetime. Though real trio texture does occur from time to time, these are really _sonate a due_ for violin and viola da gamba, with the continuo often being a simplification of the gamba part. There are however four genuine trio sonatas by Buxtehude surviving in manuscript, two for two violins, viola da gamba and continuo in C and G major (BuxWV 266 and 271), one for two violins and continuo in F major (BuxWV 270, fragmentary), and one for viola da gamba, viola, and continuo in D major (BuxWV 267).[\[19\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnyder2001-19)
- [François Couperin](/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Couperin "François Couperin") published a number of trio sonatas: _Le Parnasse, ou L’apothéose de Corelli, grande sonade en trio_, for two violins and continuo (Paris, 1724); _[Concert instrumental sous le titre d’Apothéose composé à la mémoire immortelle de l’incomparable Monsieur de Lully](/wiki/L%27Apoth%C3%A9ose_de_Lully "L'Apothéose de Lully")_, for two violins (two flutes, or other unspecified instruments), and continuo (Paris, 1725); and the collection _Les nations: sonades et suites de simphonies en trio_, for two violins and continuo (Paris, 1726), consisting of _La Françoise_ \[La pucelle\], _L’Espagnole_ \[La visionnaire\], _L’impériale_, and _La Piemontoise_ \[L’astrée\]. In addition, two trio sonatas have survived in manuscript: _La Steinquerque_ and _La superbe_, both for two violins and continuo.[\[20\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHigginbottom2001-20)
- [Jean-Marie Leclair](/wiki/Jean-Marie_Leclair "Jean-Marie Leclair") :

  - JML.062 : trio sonata for 2 violins and bc, op. 4, no 1
  - JML.063 : trio sonata for 2 violins and bc, op. 4, no 2
  - JML.064 :trio sonata for 2 violins and bc, op. 4, no 3
  - JML.065 : trio sonata for 2 violins and bc, op. 4, no 4
  - JML.066 : trio sonata for 2 violins and bc, op. 4, no 5
  - JML.067 : trio sonata for 2 violins and bc, op. 4, no 6
  - JML.068 : Récréation de musique for 2 violins and bc (1), op. 6 (trio instrumental - ouverture en trio)
  - JML.070 : Ouverture for 2 violins and bc, op. 13, no 1 (trio instrumental - ouverture en trio)
  - JML.071 : Ouverture for 2 violins and bc, op. 13, no 3 (trio instrumental - ouverture en trio)
  - JML.072 : Ouverture for 2 violins and bc, op. 13, no 5 (trio instrumental - ouverture en trio)
- [Domenico Gallo](/wiki/Domenico_Gallo "Domenico Gallo"), 12 trio sonatas for two violins and continuo, long erroneously attributed to [Pergolesi](/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pergolesi "Giovanni Battista Pergolesi"), some movements of which were arranged for [Stravinsky](/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky "Igor Stravinsky")'s ballet _[Pulcinella](/wiki/Pulcinella_(ballet) "Pulcinella (ballet)")_.
- [Johann Gottlieb Goldberg](/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Goldberg "Johann Gottlieb Goldberg"), a student of J. S. Bach, composed at least six trio sonatas.[\[21\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDürr195456–57-21) Four of these are for 2 violins and continuo, one of which used to be attributed to J. S. Bach, as [BWV 1037](/w/index.php?title=BWV_1037&action=edit&redlink=1 "BWV 1037 (page does not exist)") \[ [scores](https://imslp.org/wiki/Trio_Sonata_in_C_major,_D%C3%BCrG_13_(Goldberg,_Johann_Gottlieb) "scores:Trio Sonata in C major, DürG 13 (Goldberg, Johann Gottlieb)")\].[\[22\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDürr1954-22) Two trio sonatas for flute, violin, and continuo are listed in a Breitkopf catalogue, but have gone missing.[\[23\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDürr195456-23)[\[24\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubin2001-24)

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png)

[Handel's Trio Sonata in B-flat major, Op. 2 No. 3, HWV 388, IV. Allegro](/wiki/File:Les_Arts_Florissants_-_Handel%27s_Trio_Sonata_in_B-flat_major,_Op._2_No._3,_HWV_388,_IV._Allegro.ogg "File:Les Arts Florissants - Handel's Trio Sonata in B-flat major, Op. 2 No. 3, HWV 388, IV. Allegro.ogg")

Performed by [Les Arts Florissants](/wiki/Les_Arts_Florissants_(ensemble) "Les Arts Florissants (ensemble)")

* * *

_Problems playing this file? See [media help](/wiki/Help:Media "Help:Media")._

- [George Frideric Handel](/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel "George Frideric Handel"), trio sonatas Op. 2 and 5, all in _sonata da chiesa form_. The attribution to Handel of the six trios HWV 380-385 for two oboes and continuo is doubtful, and the authenticity of the three trios HWV 393-395 is uncertain.[\[25\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHicks2001-25)
- [Johann Adolf Hasse](/wiki/Johann_Adolf_Hasse "Johann Adolf Hasse"), 6 trio sonatas Op. 2 (1730) and 6 trio sonatas Op. 3 (1739).
- [Jacques-Martin Hotteterre](/wiki/Jacques-Martin_Hotteterre "Jacques-Martin Hotteterre"), Sonates en trio pour les flûtes traversières et a bec, violon, hautbois, Op. 3 (1712).[\[26\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiannini2001-26)
- [Pietro Antonio Locatelli](/wiki/Pietro_Antonio_Locatelli "Pietro Antonio Locatelli"), six Trio Sonatas, Op. 5, for two violins or two traversos and continuo (1736).[\[27\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocatelli1736-27)
- [Johann Pachelbel](/wiki/Johann_Pachelbel "Johann Pachelbel"), _[Musikalische Ergötzung](/wiki/Musicalische_Erg%C3%B6tzung "Musicalische Ergötzung")_ ("Musical Delight"), containing six suites for two violins and basso continuo, each commencing with a sonata, followed by a succession of dances. The violin parts use [scordatura](/wiki/Scordatura "Scordatura") tuning. The sonatas are of two types. Nos. 1 and 3 are marked Allegro, and are [fughettas](/wiki/Fughetta "Fughetta"). The remaining four are Adagio movements and are similar to [French overtures](/wiki/French_overture "French overture"), in two sections.[\[28\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolte,_Butt,_and_Butler2001-28)
- [Henry Purcell](/wiki/Henry_Purcell "Henry Purcell"), Sonnata's of III Parts, 1683, ten sonatas in four parts, 1697, but both sets are scored for two violins, bass viol, and organ or harpsichord. In terms of style, Purcell's trio sonatas are conservative, modeled on the older generation of Italians ( [Giovanni Legrenzi](/wiki/Giovanni_Legrenzi "Giovanni Legrenzi"), [Lelio Colista](/wiki/Lelio_Colista "Lelio Colista"), and [Giovanni Battista Vitali](/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Vitali "Giovanni Battista Vitali")) rather than Corelli or [Giovanni Battista Bassani](/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Bassani "Giovanni Battista Bassani").[\[29\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolman,_Thompson,_and_Humphreys2001-29)
- [Jean-Féry Rebel](/wiki/Jean-F%C3%A9ry_Rebel "Jean-Féry Rebel") :

  - JFR.30 : La Flore (trio sonata)
  - JFR.31 : La Vénus (trio sonata)
  - JFR.32 : L'Apollon (trio sonata)
  - JFR.33 : La Junon (trio sonata)
  - JFR.34 : La Pallas (trio sonata)
  - JFR.35 : L'Immortelle (trio sonata)
  - JFR.36 : Tombeau de Monsieur de Lully (trio sonata)
- [Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel](/wiki/Gottfried_Heinrich_St%C3%B6lzel "Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel"), [over 25 extant trio sonatas](/wiki/Gottfried_Heinrich_St%C3%B6lzel#Instrumental_music "Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel"), including two for solo organ. Others for continuo (sometimes indicated as harpsichord) and diverse combinations of flute(s), violin(s), [oboes](/wiki/Oboe "Oboe") or unspecified instruments.[\[30\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1750-30)[\[31\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStölzel_c._1720–1750-31)[\[32\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1740-32)[\[33\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1760a-33)[\[34\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1760b-34)[\[35\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1770-35)[\[36\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStölzeln.d.-36)[\[37\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStölzel_c._1700–1799a-37)[\[38\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStölzel_c._1700–1799b-38)

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png)

[TWV 42 F7 #I](/wiki/File:Telemann-42-F7-2.ogg "File:Telemann-42-F7-2.ogg")

(freepats sound from a [Libre art](/w/index.php?title=Libre_art&action=edit&redlink=1 "Libre art (page does not exist)") score)

* * *

_Problems playing this file? See [media help](/wiki/Help:Media "Help:Media")._

- [Georg Philipp Telemann](/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann "Georg Philipp Telemann"), around 100 trio sonatas in [TWV](/wiki/TWV "TWV") 42.[\[39\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIMSLPn.d.-39) The earliest sonatas exhibit the Corelli style most clearly, while later works anticipate the mid-century _[Empfindsamkeit](/wiki/Sensitive_style "Sensitive style")_ and [galant](/wiki/Galant_music "Galant music") styles, or mix Italian, French, and Polish styles.[\[40\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZohn2001-40)
- [Antonio Vivaldi](/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi "Antonio Vivaldi"), 12 trio sonatas da camera Op. 1, two trio sonatas mixed with solo sonatas in Op. 5, and thirteen unpublished trios. One further trio sonata, RV 80, in G major, for two flutes and continuo, is attributed to Vivaldi but is probably spurious.[\[41\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot2001c-41)
- [Jan Dismas Zelenka](/wiki/Jan_Dismas_Zelenka "Jan Dismas Zelenka"), [six sonatas](/w/index.php?title=Six_Sonatas_(Zelenka)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Six Sonatas (Zelenka) (page does not exist)") \[ [scores](https://imslp.org/wiki/6_Sonatas,_ZWV_181_(Zelenka,_Jan_Dismas) "scores:6 Sonatas, ZWV 181 (Zelenka, Jan Dismas)")\], [ZWV](/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Jan_Dismas_Zelenka "List of compositions by Jan Dismas Zelenka") 181, composed around 1721–1722.[\[42\]](#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelenka_[1721–22]-42)

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Trio_sonata&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: References")\]

01. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonta_and_Zohn2003_1-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonta_and_Zohn2003_1-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonta_and_Zohn2003_1-2) [_**d**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonta_and_Zohn2003_1-3)[Bonta and Zohn 2003](#CITEREFBonta_and_Zohn2003).
02. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangsen2001_2-0)**[Mangsen 2001](#CITEREFMangsen2001).
03. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Boer2012466_3-0)**[Van Boer 2012](#CITEREFVan_Boer2012), 466.
04. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVettern.d._4-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVettern.d._4-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVettern.d._4-2) [_**d**_](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVettern.d._4-3)[Vetter n.d](#CITEREFVettern.d.).
05. **[^](#cite_ref-5)**[1697](https://imslp.org/wiki/10_Sonatas_in_Four_Parts,_Z.802-811_(Purcell,_Henry) "scores:10 Sonatas in Four Parts, Z.802-811 (Purcell, Henry)"), [1683](https://imslp.org/wiki/12_Sonatas_of_Three_Parts,_Z.790-801_(Purcell,_Henry) "scores:12 Sonatas of Three Parts, Z.790-801 (Purcell, Henry)"): Scores at the [International Music Score Library Project](/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project "International Music Score Library Project")
06. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeas19536_6-0)**[Deas 1953](#CITEREFDeas1953), 6.
07. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot2001b_7-0)**[Talbot 2001b](#CITEREFTalbot2001b).
08. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMattheson1739345:_§8_8-0)**[Mattheson 1739](#CITEREFMattheson1739), 345: §8.
09. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica2007_9-0)**[Britannica 2007](#CITEREFBritannica2007).
10. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreig1997_10-0)**[Breig 1997](#CITEREFBreig1997).
11. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDürr_and_Kobayashi1998420–421_and_466_11-0)**[Dürr and Kobayashi 1998](#CITEREFDürr_and_Kobayashi1998), 420–421 and 466.
12. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach_(et_al.?)1740–1760_12-0)**[Bach (et al.?) 1740–1760](#CITEREFBach_(et_al.?)1740–1760).
13. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDürr_and_Kobayashi1998[httpswwwbachmidiinfokbwv-a2htmlp0466_466]_13-0)**[Dürr and Kobayashi 1998](#CITEREFDürr_and_Kobayashi1998), [466](https://www.bachmidi.info/kbwv-a2.html#p0466).
14. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHofmann2006_14-0)**[Hofmann 2006](#CITEREFHofmann2006).
15. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot2001a_15-0)**[Talbot 2001a](#CITEREFTalbot2001a).
16. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnon.1949_16-0)**[Anon. 1949](#CITEREFAnon.1949).
17. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolff_and_Leisinger2001_17-0)**[Wolff and Leisinger 2001](#CITEREFWolff_and_Leisinger2001).
18. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyce1747_18-0)**[Boyce 1747](#CITEREFBoyce1747).
19. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnyder2001_19-0)**[Snyder 2001](#CITEREFSnyder2001).
20. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHigginbottom2001_20-0)**[Higginbottom 2001](#CITEREFHigginbottom2001).
21. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDürr195456–57_21-0)**[Dürr 1954](#CITEREFDürr1954), pp. 56–57.
22. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDürr1954_22-0)**[Dürr 1954](#CITEREFDürr1954).
23. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDürr195456_23-0)**[Dürr 1954](#CITEREFDürr1954), p. 56.
24. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubin2001_24-0)**[Rubin 2001](#CITEREFRubin2001).
25. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHicks2001_25-0)**[Hicks 2001](#CITEREFHicks2001).
26. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiannini2001_26-0)**[Giannini 2001](#CITEREFGiannini2001).
27. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocatelli1736_27-0)**[Locatelli 1736](#CITEREFLocatelli1736).
28. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolte,_Butt,_and_Butler2001_28-0)**[Nolte, Butt, and Butler 2001](#CITEREFNolte,_Butt,_and_Butler2001).
29. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolman,_Thompson,_and_Humphreys2001_29-0)**[Holman, Thompson, and Humphreys 2001](#CITEREFHolman,_Thompson,_and_Humphreys2001).
30. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1750_30-0)**[Stölzel c. 1750](#CITEREFStölzelc._1750).
31. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStölzel_c._1720–1750_31-0)**[Stölzel c. 1720–1750](#CITEREFStölzel_c._1720–1750).
32. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1740_32-0)**[Stölzel c. 1740](#CITEREFStölzelc._1740).
33. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1760a_33-0)**[Stölzel c. 1760a](#CITEREFStölzelc._1760a).
34. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1760b_34-0)**[Stölzel c. 1760b](#CITEREFStölzelc._1760b).
35. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStölzelc._1770_35-0)**[Stölzel c. 1770](#CITEREFStölzelc._1770).
36. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStölzeln.d._36-0)**[Stölzel n.d](#CITEREFStölzeln.d.).
37. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStölzel_c._1700–1799a_37-0)**[Stölzel c. 1700–1799a](#CITEREFStölzel_c._1700–1799a).
38. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStölzel_c._1700–1799b_38-0)**[Stölzel c. 1700–1799b](#CITEREFStölzel_c._1700–1799b).
39. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIMSLPn.d._39-0)**[IMSLP n.d](#CITEREFIMSLPn.d.).
40. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZohn2001_40-0)**[Zohn 2001](#CITEREFZohn2001).
41. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot2001c_41-0)**[Talbot 2001c](#CITEREFTalbot2001c).
42. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZelenka_[1721–22]_42-0)**[Zelenka \[1721–22\]](#CITEREFZelenka_[1721–22]).

## Sources

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Trio_sonata&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Sources")\]

- Anon. 1949. "Bach Trio Sonata Heard". _The New York Times_ (31 January): 15.
- [Bach, Johann Sebastian](/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach "Johann Sebastian Bach") ( [et al.](/wiki/Et_al. "Et al.")?). 1740–1760. [_Sonaten. Arr.; vl, vlc, b; C-Dur ("Concerto"; nach BWV 525 und 1032)_](https://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/werkansicht/?PPN=PPN784605645), [Mus. ms. Bach St 345 (olim: Mus. ms. Bach P 914)](https://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalSource_source_00002542), [Bach Digital](/wiki/Bach_Digital "Bach Digital"), [Berlin State Library](/wiki/Berlin_State_Library "Berlin State Library").  [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [467234500](https://rism.online/sources/467234500).
- Bonta, Stephen, and Steven Zohn. 2003. "Trio Sonata". _The Harvard Dictionary of Music_, fourth edition, edited by Don Michael Randal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-674-01163-5](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01163-5 "Special:BookSources/0-674-01163-5").
- [Boyce, William](/wiki/William_Boyce_(composer) "William Boyce (composer)"). 1747\. [_Twelve Sonatas for Two Violins; With a Bass for the Violoncello or Harpsicord_](/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Sonatas_(Boyce)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Twelve Sonatas (Boyce) (page does not exist)") \[ [scores](https://imslp.org/wiki/12_Trio_Sonatas_(Boyce,_William) "scores:12 Trio Sonatas (Boyce, William)")\]. London: John Walsh.
- [Breig, Werner](/wiki/Werner_Breig "Werner Breig"). 1997\. "Ensemble Sonatas", pp. 128–131 in [_The Cambridge Companion to Bach_](https://books.google.com/books?id=YiJKHGxrYzsC) edited by [John Butt](/wiki/John_Butt_(musician) "John Butt (musician)"). [Cambridge University Press](/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press "Cambridge University Press"). [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0521587808](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521587808 "Special:BookSources/0521587808").
- Deas, Stewart. 1953. "Arcangelo Corelli". _Music & Letters_ 34, no. 1 (January): 1–10.
- [Dürr, Alfred](/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%BCrr "Alfred Dürr") (1954). ["Johann Gottlieb Goldberg und die Triosonate BWV 1037"](https://journals.qucosa.de/ejournals/bjb/article/view/1476) \[ [Johann Gottlieb Goldberg](/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Goldberg "Johann Gottlieb Goldberg") and the trio sonata [BWV 1037](/w/index.php?title=BWV_1037&action=edit&redlink=1 "BWV 1037 (page does not exist)")\]. In [Dürr, Alfred](/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%BCrr "Alfred Dürr"); [Neumann, Werner](/wiki/Werner_Neumann "Werner Neumann") (eds.). [_Bach-Jahrbuch 1953_](https://journals.qucosa.de/ejournals/bjb/issue/view/116) \[ _Bach Yearbook 1953_\]. [Bach-Jahrbuch](/wiki/Bach-Jahrbuch "Bach-Jahrbuch") (in German). Vol. 40. [Neue Bachgesellschaft](/wiki/Neue_Bachgesellschaft "Neue Bachgesellschaft"). Berlin: [Evangelische Verlagsanstalt](/wiki/Evangelische_Verlagsanstalt "Evangelische Verlagsanstalt"). pp. 51–80. [doi](/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)"): [10.13141/bjb.v1953](https://doi.org/10.13141%2Fbjb.v1953).
- Dürr, Alfred, and Yoshitake Kobayashi (ed.). _[Bach Werke Verzeichnis: Kleine Ausgabe – Nach der von Wolfgang Schmieder vorgelegten 2. Ausgabe](/wiki/Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis "Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis")_ (Bach Works Catalogue: Small Edition – After [Wolfgang Schmieder](/wiki/Wolfgang_Schmieder "Wolfgang Schmieder")'s 2nd edition), with a preface in English and German, Kirsten Beißwenger, collaborator. [BWV2a](/wiki/BWV2a "BWV2a"). Wiesbaden: [Breitkopf & Härtel](/wiki/Breitkopf_%26_H%C3%A4rtel "Breitkopf & Härtel"). [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9783765102493](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783765102493 "Special:BookSources/9783765102493").
- Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. " [Trio Sonata](https://www.britannica.com/art/trio-sonata)". _Encyclopædia Britannica_ (March 29). Britannica.com. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
- [Giannini, Tula](/wiki/Tula_Giannini "Tula Giannini"). "Hotteterre family \[Haulteterre, Hauterre, Hauteterre, Hoteterre, Hoterre, Obterre, etc.\]: (4) Jacques(-Martin) Hotteterre (ii) \['le Romain'\]". _[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians](/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians")_, second edition, edited by [Stanley Sadie](/wiki/Stanley_Sadie "Stanley Sadie") and [John Tyrrell](/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist) "John Tyrrell (musicologist)"). London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Hicks, Anthony. 2001. "Handel \[Händel, Hendel\], George Frideric \[Georg Friederich\]". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Higginbottom, Edward. 2001. "Couperin \[le grand\], François(ii)". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- [Hofmann, Klaus](/wiki/Klaus_Hofmann "Klaus Hofmann"). 2006\. [New Bach Edition](/wiki/New_Bach_Edition "New Bach Edition"), [Series VI: Chamber Music](https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/catalogue/complete-editions/bach-johann-sebastian/nba/series-vi), Vol. 5: _Various Chamber Music Works_, [Critical Commentary](https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5295_41/), p. 98, cited in Bach Digital Work [01718](http://www.bachdigital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00001718?lang=en) at [Bach Digital](/wiki/Bach_Digital "Bach Digital") website
- [Holman, Peter](/wiki/Peter_Holman "Peter Holman"), Robert Thompson, and Mark Humphreys. 2001. "Purcell, § 3: Henry Purcell (ii)". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- [Works by Georg Philipp Telemann](https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Telemann,_Georg_Philipp "scores:Category:Telemann, Georg Philipp") at the [International Music Score Library Project](/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project "International Music Score Library Project") (IMSLP)
- [Locatelli, Pietro Antonio](/wiki/Pietro_Antonio_Locatelli "Pietro Antonio Locatelli"). 1736\. [_Sei Sonate à Trè, o Due Violini, o Due Flauti Traversi, è Basso per il Cembalo_](/w/index.php?title=Six_Trio_Sonatas,_Op._5_(Locatelli)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Six Trio Sonatas, Op. 5 (Locatelli) (page does not exist)") \[ [scores](https://imslp.org/wiki/6_Trio_Sonatas,_Op.5_(Locatelli,_Pietro_Antonio) "scores:6 Trio Sonatas, Op.5 (Locatelli, Pietro Antonio)")\]. Amsterdam: (published by the composer).
- Mangsen, Sandra. 2001. "Trio Sonata". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- [Mattheson, Johann](/wiki/Johann_Mattheson "Johann Mattheson"). 1739\. _[Der Vollkommene Capellmeister](https://imslp.org/wiki/Der_vollkommene_Capellmeister_(Mattheson,_Johann) "scores:Der vollkommene Capellmeister (Mattheson, Johann)")_. Hamburg: Christian Herold.
- Nolte, Ewald V., John Butt, and H. Joseph Butler. 2001. "Pachelbel: (1) Johann Pachelbel \[Bachelbel\]". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Rubin, Norman. 2001. "Goldberg \[Gollberg, Goltberg, etc.\], Johann Gottlieb \[Théophile\]". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Snyder, Kerala J. 2001. "Buxtehude, Dieterich". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- [Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich](/wiki/Gottfried_Heinrich_St%C3%B6lzel "Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel"). c.1700–1799a. _Sonata 1 (−2) à 3. / Due Flauti traversi. / Con il / Fondamento_, Ms. Instr. mus. i hs. 59:11–12 at [Uppsala University Library](/wiki/Uppsala_University_Library "Uppsala University Library") ( [Carolina Rediviva](/wiki/Carolina_Rediviva "Carolina Rediviva")). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [190025778](https://rism.online/sources/190025778).
- Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1700–1799b. _Sonata 3 (−4) à 3. / Flauto traverso / Violino / con il / Fondamento_. Ms. Instr. mus. i hs. 59:13–14 at Uppsala University Library (Carolina Rediviva). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [190025781](https://rism.online/sources/190025781).
- Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1720–1750. [_Sonata / a / Oboe / Violino / con / Cembalo_, Ms. Mus.2450-Q-6 (olim: Mus.c.Cx 842, Schrank II/23/7, Rötel 7)](http://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/14969/1/) at [Saxon State and University Library Dresden](/wiki/Saxon_State_and_University_Library_Dresden "Saxon State and University Library Dresden") (Königliche Privat-Musikaliensammlung, Sonatas). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [212002969](https://rism.online/sources/212002969).
- Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1740\. _Zwei Trio-Sonaten_, Ms. Am.B 411c at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [452505437](https://rism.online/sources/452505437).
- Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1750\. [_Sechs_, (corrected in pencil): _Elf Trio-Sonaten/ in / Partitur / für die Orgel_, Ms. Am.B 411a](http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB0001AD0100000000) at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [452505424](https://rism.online/sources/452505424).
- Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1760a. _Nro. 50. 51. und 52. / III. / Trio. / Violino. & Fl. Traverso. 1. / Violino. & Fl. Traverso 2. / et / Cembalo_. Ms. Am.B 411d at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [452505440](https://rism.online/sources/452505440).
- Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1760b. Two Sonatas for violin, flute, and continuo, Ms. Am.B 500 at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [452506216](https://rism.online/sources/452506216).
- Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. ca.1770. _Trio / dal / Sigre / Stoel / zel_. Ms. Am.B 469 at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [452505898](https://rism.online/sources/452505898).
- Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. n.d. _Sonata a tre_ for two violins and continuo, Ms. XXXIV B 342 at Národní muzeum, Prague (České muzeum hudby, hudebně-historické oddělení). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [550041276](https://rism.online/sources/550041276).
- [Talbot, Michael](/wiki/Michael_Talbot_(musicologist) "Michael Talbot (musicologist)"). 2001a. "Albinoni, Tomaso Giovanni \[Zuane\]". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Talbot, Michael. 2001b. "Corelli, Arcangelo". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Talbot, Michael. 2001c. "Vivaldi, Antonio (Lucio)". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Van Boer, Bertil H. 2012. _Historical Dictionary of Music of the Classical Period_. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-8108-7183-0](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7183-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7183-0").
- Vetter, Roger. n.d. ["Baroque Trio Sonata".](https://omeka-s.grinnell.edu/s/MusicalInstruments/page/trio) Retrieved on 7 May 2020.
- [Wolff, Christoph](/wiki/Christoph_Wolff "Christoph Wolff"), and [Ulrich Leisinger](/wiki/Ulrich_Leisinger "Ulrich Leisinger"). 2001\. "Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by [Stanley Sadie](/wiki/Stanley_Sadie "Stanley Sadie") and [John Tyrrell](/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist) "John Tyrrell (musicologist)"). London: Macmillan Publishers.
- [Zelenka, Jan Dismas](/wiki/Jan_Dismas_Zelenka "Jan Dismas Zelenka") (autograph). \[1721–22\]. [6 Sonatas, Ms. Mus.2358-Q-1](http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id334921651) at [Saxon State and University Library Dresden](/wiki/Saxon_State_and_University_Library_Dresden "Saxon State and University Library Dresden") (Königliche Privat-Musikaliensammlung). [RISM](/wiki/RISM_(identifier) "RISM (identifier)") [211010356](https://rism.online/sources/211010356).
- Zohn, Steven. 2001. "Telemann, Georg Philipp, § 8: Instrumental Music". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

## Further reading

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Trio_sonata&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Further reading")\]

- Allsop, Peter. 1992. _The Italian "Trio" Sonata: From Its Origins until Corelli_. Oxford Monographs on Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-19-816229-4](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-816229-4 "Special:BookSources/0-19-816229-4").
- [Apel, Willi](/wiki/Willi_Apel "Willi Apel"). 1990\. _Italian Violin Music of the Seventeenth Century_, edited by [Thomas Binkley](/wiki/Thomas_Binkley "Thomas Binkley"). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-253-30683-3](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-30683-3 "Special:BookSources/0-253-30683-3").
- Defant, Christine. 1985. _Kammermusik und Stylus phantasticus: Studien zu Dietrich Buxtehudes Triosonaten_. Europäische Hochschulschriften / European University Studies / Études Universitaires Européennes. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9783820485141](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783820485141 "Special:BookSources/9783820485141").
- [Dürr, Alfred](/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%BCrr "Alfred Dürr") (ed.). 1987. _[Eight Short Preludes and Fugues BWV 553–560: Formerly Ascribed to Johann Sebastian Bach](https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/search/product/?artNo=BA6497)_. Kassel: [Bärenreiter](/wiki/B%C3%A4renreiter "Bärenreiter"). BA 6497. ISMN 9790006480098.
- [Hogwood, Christopher](/wiki/Christopher_Hogwood "Christopher Hogwood"). 1979\. _The Trio Sonata_. BBC Music Guides. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-563-17095-6](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-563-17095-6 "Special:BookSources/0-563-17095-6").
- [Kamien, Roger](/wiki/Roger_Kamien "Roger Kamien"). 2008\. _Music an Appreciation_, sixth brief edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0073326375](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0073326375 "Special:BookSources/978-0073326375") (annotated instructor's edition); [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780073265452](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780073265452 "Special:BookSources/9780073265452") (student edition)
- Mangsen, Sandra. 2001. "Trio Sonata". _[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians](/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians")_, second edition, edited by [Stanley Sadie](/wiki/Stanley_Sadie "Stanley Sadie") and [John Tyrrell](/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist) "John Tyrrell (musicologist)"). London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Schenk, Erich. 2005. _Die Triosonate_. Das Musikwerk, eine Beispielsammlung zur Musikgeschichte, Neuausgabe 20. Laaber: Laaber Verlag. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [3-89007-623-8](/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89007-623-8 "Special:BookSources/3-89007-623-8").

- [v](/wiki/Template:Sonatas "Template:Sonatas")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Sonatas "Template talk:Sonatas")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sonatas "Special:EditPage/Template:Sonatas")

[Sonatas](/wiki/Sonata "Sonata")

Types

- [Sonata da camera](/wiki/Sonata_da_camera "Sonata da camera")
- [Sonata da chiesa](/wiki/Sonata_da_chiesa "Sonata da chiesa")
- [Sonatina](/wiki/Sonatina "Sonatina")
- Trio sonata

By instrument

- [Bassoon sonata](/wiki/Bassoon_sonata "Bassoon sonata")
- [Cello sonata](/wiki/Cello_sonata "Cello sonata")
- [Clarinet sonata](/wiki/Clarinet_sonata "Clarinet sonata")
- [Flute sonata](/wiki/Flute_sonata "Flute sonata")
- [Piano sonata](/wiki/Piano_sonata "Piano sonata")
- [Viola sonata](/wiki/Viola_sonata "Viola sonata")
- [Violin sonata](/wiki/Violin_sonata "Violin sonata") ( [list](/wiki/List_of_violin_sonatas "List of violin sonatas"))

Miscellaneous

- [Fitzwilliam Sonatas](/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Sonatas "Fitzwilliam Sonatas")
- [History](/wiki/History_of_sonata_form "History of sonata form")
- _[Sonatas and Interludes](/wiki/Sonatas_and_Interludes "Sonatas and Interludes")_
- [Sonata cycle](/wiki/Sonata_cycle "Sonata cycle")
- [Sonata form](/wiki/Sonata_form "Sonata form")
- [Sonata rondo form](/wiki/Sonata_rondo_form "Sonata rondo form")
- [Sonata theory](/wiki/Sonata_theory "Sonata theory")

- **![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png)[List of sonatas](/wiki/List_of_sonatas "List of sonatas")**
- **![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png)[Category](/wiki/Category:Sonatas "Category:Sonatas")**

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[Categories](/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):

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