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Classical and Romantic · Arabesque – Composition with a flowing and ornate style, inspired by Arabic architecture. · Art song – Musical setting of a poem or text ...
strophic
Some forms and compositional techniques occasionally also give name to the compositions based on them, such as rondo or canon. This does not occur in other cases such as <anchor>strophic</anchor>, binary, ternary or arch forms. A notable source of confusion is the term 'sonata': as a genre, it denotes a multi-movement composition for one or more solo instruments, while in structural terms, 'sonata form' refers to a specific three-part structure (exposition, development, recapitulation) frequently used within individual movements of larger works.
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- [1See also](#See_also)
- [2References](#References)Toggle References subsection  - [2.1Sources](#Sources)

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# Strophic form

9 languages

- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strofisk_form "Strofisk form – Danish")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forma_strofica "Forma strofica – Italian")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99 "מבנה סטרופי – Hebrew")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%AF%80%E6%AD%8C%E6%9B%B2%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F "有節歌曲形式 – Japanese")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strofisk_form "Strofisk form – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0 "Куплетная форма – Russian")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strofisk "Strofisk – Swedish")
- [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E6%9B%B2%E5%BC%8F "一部曲式 – Cantonese")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Type of song structure

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DasWandern.pdf/page1-290px-DasWandern.pdf.jpg)](/wiki/File:DasWandern.pdf)" [Das Wandern](/wiki/Das_Wandern_ist_des_M%C3%BCllers_Lust "Das Wandern ist des Müllers Lust")", the opening song in [Franz Schubert](/wiki/Franz_Schubert "Franz Schubert")'s [song cycle](/wiki/Song_cycle "Song cycle") _[Die schöne Müllerin](/wiki/Die_sch%C3%B6ne_M%C3%BCllerin "Die schöne Müllerin")_, an example of a strophic song

**Strophic form** – also called **verse-repeating form**, **[chorus](/wiki/Refrain "Refrain") form**, **AAA song form**, or **one-part song form** – is a song structure in which all verses or stanzas of the text are sung to the same music.[\[1\]](#cite_note-Tilmouth-1) Contrasting song forms include [through-composed](/wiki/Through-composed "Through-composed"), with new music written for every stanza,[\[1\]](#cite_note-Tilmouth-1) and [ternary form](/wiki/Ternary_form "Ternary form"), with a contrasting central section.

[Strophe](/wiki/Strophe "Strophe") is derived from the Greek word στροφή ( _strophḗ_, "turn"). It is the simplest and most durable of [musical forms](/wiki/Musical_form "Musical form"), extending a piece of [music](/wiki/Music "Music") by repetition of a single formal [section](/wiki/Section_(music) "Section (music)"). This may be analyzed as "A A A...". This additive method is the musical analogue of repeated stanzas in poetry or lyrics and, in fact, where the text repeats the same rhyme scheme from one [stanza](/wiki/Stanza "Stanza") to the next, the [song's structure](/wiki/Song_structure "Song structure") also often uses either the same or very similar material from one stanza to the next.

A _modified_ strophic form varies the pattern in some stanzas (A A' A"...) somewhat like a rudimentary [theme and variations](/wiki/Theme_and_variations "Theme and variations"). [Contrasting verse-chorus form](/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form "Verse–chorus form") is a [binary form](/wiki/Binary_form "Binary form") that alternates between two sections of music (ABAB), although this may also be interpreted as constituting a larger strophic verse- [refrain](/wiki/Refrain "Refrain") form. While the terms 'refrain' and 'chorus' are often used interchangeably, 'refrain' may indicate a recurring line of identical melody and lyrics as a part of the verse (as in " [Blowin' in the Wind](/wiki/Blowin%27_in_the_Wind "Blowin' in the Wind")": "...the answer my friend..."), while 'chorus' means an independent form section (as in " [Yellow Submarine](/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(song) "Yellow Submarine (song)")": "We all live in...").[\[2\]](#cite_note-2)

Many [folk](/wiki/Folk_music "Folk music") and [popular](/wiki/Popular_music "Popular music") songs are strophic in form, including the [twelve-bar blues](/wiki/Twelve-bar_blues "Twelve-bar blues"), [ballads](/wiki/Ballad "Ballad"), [hymns](/wiki/Hymn "Hymn") and chants. Examples include " [Barbara Allen](/wiki/Barbara_Allen_(song) "Barbara Allen (song)")", " [Erie Canal](/wiki/Low_Bridge_(song) "Low Bridge (song)")", " [Michael, Row the Boat Ashore](/wiki/Michael,_Row_the_Boat_Ashore "Michael, Row the Boat Ashore")",[\[3\]](#cite_note-3) and " [Oh! Susanna](/wiki/Oh!_Susanna "Oh! Susanna")" (A = verse & chorus).[\[4\]](#cite_note-4) Traditional and modern Country songs like " [This land is your land](/wiki/This_Land_Is_Your_Land "This Land Is Your Land")" is also a strophic form.

Many [classical](/wiki/Classical_music "Classical music") [art songs](/wiki/Art_song "Art song") are also composed in strophic form, from the 17th century French [air de cour](/wiki/Air_de_cour "Air de cour") to 19th century German [lieder](/wiki/Lied "Lied") and beyond. [Haydn](/wiki/Haydn "Haydn") used the strophic variation form in many of his string quartets and a few of his symphonies, employed almost always in the slow second movement. [Franz Schubert](/wiki/Franz_Schubert "Franz Schubert") composed many important strophic lieder, including settings of both narrative poems and simpler, folk-like texts, such as his " [Heidenröslein](/wiki/Heidenr%C3%B6slein "Heidenröslein")" and "Der Fischer".[\[1\]](#cite_note-Tilmouth-1) Several of the songs in his [song cycle](/wiki/Song_cycle "Song cycle") _[Die schöne Müllerin](/wiki/Die_sch%C3%B6ne_M%C3%BCllerin "Die schöne Müllerin")_ use strophic form.

## See also

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Strophic_form&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: See also")\]

- [Antistrophe](/wiki/Antistrophe "Antistrophe") in the [lyrical](/wiki/Lyric_poetry "Lyric poetry") performances of the [Greek chorus](/wiki/Greek_chorus "Greek chorus")

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Strophic_form&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: References")\]

1. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-Tilmouth_1-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-Tilmouth_1-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-Tilmouth_1-2)[Tilmouth, Michael](/wiki/Michael_Tilmouth "Michael Tilmouth") (2001). "Strophic". _[Grove Music Online](/wiki/Grove_Music_Online "Grove Music Online")_. [doi](/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)"): [10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26981](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.26981).
2. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**cf. von Appen/Frei-Hauenschild 2015.
3. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**[Duckworth, William](/wiki/William_Duckworth_(composer) "William Duckworth (composer)") (2012). _A Creative Approach to Music Fundamentals_, p. 319. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780840029997](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780840029997 "Special:BookSources/9780840029997").
4. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**Pen, Ronald (1991). _Schaum's Outline of Introduction to Music_, p. 96. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780070380684](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780070380684 "Special:BookSources/9780070380684").

### Sources

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Strophic_form&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Sources")\]

- Appen, Ralf von / Frei-Hauenschild, Markus ["AABA, Refrain, Chorus, Bridge, Prechorus – Song Forms and their Historical Development"](http://www.gfpm-samples.de/Samples13/appenfrei.pdf). In: _Samples. Online Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Popularmusikforschung/German Society for Popular Music Studies e.V._ Ed. by Ralf von Appen, [André Doehring](/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Doehring "André Doehring") and [Thomas Phleps](/wiki/Thomas_Phleps "Thomas Phleps"). Vol. 13 (2015).

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[Musical form](/wiki/Musical_form "Musical form") and [development](/wiki/Development_(music) "Development (music)")

- [Arch form](/wiki/Arch_form "Arch form")
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- [Bar form](/wiki/Bar_form "Bar form")
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- [Rondo](/wiki/Rondo "Rondo")
- [Rondò](/wiki/Rond%C3%B2 "Rondò")
- [Section](/wiki/Section_(music) "Section (music)")
- [Sonata form](/wiki/Sonata_form "Sonata form")
- [Sonata rondo form](/wiki/Sonata_rondo_form "Sonata rondo form")
- [Song structure](/wiki/Song_structure "Song structure")
- Strophic form
- [Ternary form](/wiki/Ternary_form "Ternary form")
- [Theme](/wiki/Subject_(music) "Subject (music)")
- [Thirty-two-bar form](/wiki/Thirty-two-bar_form "Thirty-two-bar form")
- [Through-composed](/wiki/Through-composed_music "Through-composed music")
- [Transition](/wiki/Transition_(music) "Transition (music)")
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- [Verse–chorus form](/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form "Verse–chorus form")

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