النزاعات المسلحة - منظمة العفو الدولية
يحكم النزاعات المسلحة أساسا القانون الإنساني الدولي، والذي يعرف أيضاً بقوانين الحرب. فالقانون الدولي الإنساني عبارة عن مجموعة من القواعد – إما منصوص عليها في ...
المعاهدات الدولية
القانون الدولي العرفي: وهو الالتزامات الدولية الناشئة عن ممارسة راسخة للدولة، التي تنص على الامتثال لأنها تعتبر نفسها ملزمة بذلك، بدلاً من الالتزامات الناشئة عن <anchor>المعاهدات الدولية</anchor> المكتوبة.
international conventions | Wex Legal Dictionary / Encyclopedia | LII / Legal Information Institute
international conventions \| Wex Legal Dictionary / Encyclopedia \| LII / Legal Information Institute

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# international conventions

International conventions are  [treaties](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/treaty) or agreements between countries. The term international convention is often used interchangeably with terms like "international [treaty](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/treaty)," "international [agreement](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/agreement)," "compact," or "contract between [states](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/state)."

Conventions may be of a general or specific nature and between two or multiple states.  Conventions between two states are called [bilateral](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/bilateral) treaties; conventions between a small number of states (but more than two) are called plurilateral treaties (such as the [GPA](https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/gp_gpa_e.htm)); conventions between a large number of states are called [multilateral treaties](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/multilateral_treaties#:~:text=Treaties%20between%20a%20large%20number,such%20as%20trade%20or%20transportation.).

#### Bilateral Investment Treaties

A [bilateral investment treaty](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/bilateral_investment_treaty) (BIT) is a common type of international convention. A BIT is an international agreement establishing the terms and conditions for private investment by nationals and companies of one state in another state.

#### Binding Nature

In _[Medellin v. Texas, 552 U.S. 491 (2008)](https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/552/491/)_, the [U.S. Supreme Court](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/supreme_court) [held](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/holding) that even if the United States signs and agrees to be bound by an international convention, the convention is not actually [binding law](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/binding_precedent#:~:text=Binding%20precedent%20is%20a%20legal,will%20deliver%20a%20written%20opinion.) unless it is [self-executing](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/self-executing), or unless [Congress](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/congress) passes [legislation](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/legislation) making the convention binding.

For more on international conventions, see this [Harvard Law Review article](https://harvardlawreview.org/2018/03/american-courts-and-the-u-n-high-commissioner-for-refugees-a-need-for-harmony-in-the-face-of-a-refugee-crisis/).

\[Last updated in March of 2023 by the [Wex Definitions Team](https://www.law.cornell.edu/lii/about/lii_staff/wdt)\]

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